the trumpeter whose brainchild Outreach Festival is splits his time between New York and Schwaz with occasional gigs through the months of July and August The set-up of the nights is a hangover from Covid which has stuck: three bands each evening on the stage This year it was “Imagine All the Optimists: Critical Mass of Positivity” How important it is for us to have a space to hear the positive attitude of the musicians untainted by nationalistic and similar elements that are tainting the world And also encouraging us to go out and ‘spread’ the word Programming is done by Hackl and bassist Clemens Rofner Two of the first night bands had Viennese women instrumentalists to look out for Nina Feldgrill has just won the Ö1 Jazz Stipendium 2024 a two-year scholarship awarded by Austrian Radio she jointly leads the band River with Robert Unterköfler on saxes though she had a lot of lyricism as she could take advantage of the bass’s range Saxophonist Yvonne Moriel guested with the duo FEMALE of singer Stefanie Boltz A thought-provoking tribute to women singers and composers ranging from Hildegard of Bingen and Fanny Mendelssohn recently selected as a “creative visioneer” by Austrian Music Export intertwined with the directness of Boltz and added additional colour I had heard her recording her new album with the band “Sweetlife” the week before in Vienna More of a fusion outfit than when heard soloing in Schwaz Sandwiched between them – physically as well as musically – was the group Soundlib New Yorker Pritsker is invariably a live wire always giving us unexpected ways of hearing classics including as musical director of the Outreach Orchestra This project was classic in some ways that it included as opener a tune based on Vivaldi with Lara St John on violin taking a virtuoso role and fine soloing from Hackl There followed a moving tribute to a recently deceased friend Mona Matbou Riahi is a live wire of a clarinettist She’s one of a group of Iranian jazz musicians resident in Vienna who are helping shape the scene The band celebrates complexity and control leading us in really unexpected directions Kai Schumacher creates a trance-like solo around the piano using preparation and electronics to enhance the piano’s timbre but with elements of almost brutality in the way his touch affects his sound The Outreach Orchestra is the big band of the teachers on the summer school with a few added guests This year it focussed on compositions by some band members Noteworthy were the tunes by John Clark and Leo Genovese His soloing in these pieces was breathtaking (He has just recorded with our own Cloudmakers Trio from Groningen in the Netherlands – Giuseppe Doronzo on baritone saxophone double bass and Pino Basile on drums – builds on Balkan and Middle Eastern sounds Synesthetic 4 is virtually a ‘supergroup’ of the new Viennese scene Manu Mayr on bass and Andreas Lettner on drums – all names to watch out for Clarinettist Vincent Pongracz isrewriting the instrument’s range and vocabulary used a string quartet in a totally unique way providing links to classical forms of the likes of Bizet and de Falla It proved very thoughtful and drew one into the sets The combination of Clemens Rofner’s good feel for the current Viennese scene and Franz Hackl’s wider perspective and New York connections combine to produce a fascination cross-section of music including the chance to witness exciting newer bands at an early stage Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id" "a449aa9c58375819515ce2acb3b87938" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id" and website in this browser for the next time I comment Please check your inbox (and also your spam or junk folder We kindly request to oblige by fair use rules when quoting or sharing our content All original content is copyrighted unless credited otherwise but does take on work as a paid publicist and/or sell advertising packages Where a piece published after 26th October 2012 appears which is linked to this activity the content will be clearly sign-posted with the PP symbol Receive our weekly email newsletter with Jazz updates from London and beyond If you’ve been on our list all along which is at Planetarium Schwaz in the Tirol region of Austria will see the first installation of the Micro Pro-Screen in Europe It is also Endurescreens’ first planetarium renovation project The new screen will replace the existing planetarium screen surface and can be easily attached to the existing screen base structure Work will commence at the beginning of 2023 and it will open the doors to the public before the summer “We have chosen Endurescreens as our screen supplier because of their outstanding quality first class service at a most reasonable price,” says Axel Krieger executive partner of the Planetarium Schwaz they will set the benchmark in our industry “We inspected some of their other projects in Europe and we were impressed by their performance and how they are taking care of the details I wasn’t sure about the Micro Pro – Screen Panel at the beginning But as soon as they visited us in Schwaz and showed me the comparison between the Micro Pro – Screen Panel and the regular panel I immediately decided that we had to have it for our new rebuilt Planetarium.” director of global sales and business development at Endurescreens This is a perfect showcase for our world-leading products and services.” The specifications of the Micro Pro-Screen panel are as follows: The product offers higher image brightness with the smallest perforation in the industry These smaller holes increase the amount of projected light reflected towards the audience meaning that the image is brighter compared to the standard perforated panels with the same projection system The Micro Pro-Screen also provides higher resolution it is possible to have a higher-resolution image with smaller pixels without losing an entire pixel into a perforated hole as is the case with the standard panels Plus it offers a shorter viewing distance and better image quality With the company’s signature seamless joints custom mini rivets and smaller perforation the screen brings content closer to the audience.  There is no difference in maintenance between this new model and the company’s previous product Endurescreens also recently secured three new contracts for flying theatre installations in the US Get the latest attractions industry
 news direct to your inbox Blooloop is taking climate action and is now B Corp Certified the capital of the Karwendel Silver Region in Tyrol the city offers numerous outdoor sports activities while the Freundsberg Castle provides a fascinating portrait into its medieval past Other notable attractions are the silver mine a historic building that commemorates one of the most influential merchant families of the Dark Ages The middle stage of the 2024 Tour of the Alps spans 127 kilometers in Tirol/Tirolo The first part winds across the Inntal/Valle dell’Inn until km 89 and features an undulating route The second part offers a completely different setting with the Weerberg and Pillberg climbs playing a key role these climbs (that will be repeated twice with only the first pass valid for the KOM) will be selective and will turn the last 38 kilometers into a race within the race the average grade is almost 10 percent and spikes up to 13-14 percent which leaves room for many scenarios to play out A double turn with only 300 metres to go will lead the peloton into the final straight Pellizzarri and Foss round out the podium in Schwaz The winning move was sparked by Giulio Pellizzari (VF-Bardiani CSF-Faizanè) near the top of the ascent of Pillberg with 27km remaining López immediately jumped across to the Italian and the pair struck up a solid working alliance on the rugged terrain that followed López and Pellizzari held a lead of more than 40 seconds after the penultimate climb of Weerberg and they retained that advantage as they tackled Pillberg for the second and final time After Pellizzari withstood López’s first attack the Spaniard kicked again two kilometres from the summit He maintained his buffer on the 4km drop to the line to claim stage victory Foss would later win the sprint for third place López holds a lead of 31 seconds over Foss with O’Connor lying third at 45 seconds because it's my first pro victory," López said "But it was a really shit day for everybody It was one of the hardest days on the bike in my life At the end I changed to the other objective Steady rain and temperatures of 4°C greeted the peloton on Wednesday's stage around Schwaz which had a slightly earlier start to avoid a broadcast clash with the finale of Flèche Wallonne Neither the early hour nor the miserable conditions served to deter Filippo Ganna (Ineos Grenadiers) who powered away in the opening kilometres and settled into a lone raid off the front The lack of company did little to deter Ganna His presence off the front meant that his Ineos teammates didn't have to work to defend Tobias Foss' green jersey and it also served as a most useful work-out for the Hour Record holder ahead of the Giro d'Italia Ganna established a maximum lead of 3:30 during his extended with DSM-Firmenich PostNL performing much of the pace-making in the peloton behind on the approach to the day's main difficulties the two laps over the category 2 climbs of Weerberg and Pillberg Ganna dropped inside three minutes with 40km remaining and the gap shrank more quickly once the road began to climb the Weerberg but he would be swept up on the lower slopes of the Pillberg as DSM continued their pace-making The racing among the GC contenders sparkled into action a couple of kilometres from the top of the Pillberg where Romain Bardet (DSM-Firmenich PostNL) tested the waters with an attack that splintered the green jersey group and appeared to put Geraint Thomas (Ineos Grenadiers) in difficulty Giulio Pellizzari (VF-Bardiani CSF-Faizanè) was the next to try his luck Juan Pedro López (Lidl-Trek) bounded across in pursuit The pair crested the summit with 20 seconds or so in hand on the green jersey group and they combined well to extend that buffer as they swung around to take on the pair of climbs for a second time Thomas was working in the green jersey group on behalf of Foss though Pellizzari and López were still stretching out their lead which reached 50 seconds on the approach to the penultimate climb Pellizzari and López still had 40 seconds in hand when they crested the summit while the green jersey group was reduced to just 20 or so riders after Foss himself put in a long turn on the ascent with Thomas losing contact more definitively near the summit López and Pellizzari were growing in confidence 3.2km ascent of Pillberg still with 40 seconds over their pursuers López looked to shake off his companion with an early acceleration but Pellizzari held firm on the lower slopes and this time the Spaniard managed to open a gap over Pellizzari as he set off in pursuit of his first professional victory Wout Poels (Bahrain Victorious) jumped on the offensive on the ascent and men like Bardet were content to let the Norwegian perform the bulk of the heavy lifting as he reeled Poels back in Foss' effort didn't make any inroads into López's lead but it did serve to whittle down the green jersey group still further By the time he reached the summit with 4.5km to go he had just seven riders for company – Bardet Aurélien Paret-Peintre (Decathlon AG2R La Mondiale) Antonio Tiberi (Bahrain Victorious) and Iván Sosa (Movistar) The Norwegian would lose the jersey at day's end but his pace-making has nonetheless helped to refine the list of challengers for overall victory ahead of Thursday's pivotal stage over the Passo del Vetriolo to Borgo Valsugana Results powered by FirstCycling In a recent study published in Eurosurveillance researchers investigated whether the mass vaccination of the adult population of Schwaz against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) conferred an indirect protective effect on the proportion of unvaccinated children in the general population Vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic focused on immunizing the high-risk groups which included the elderly population and individuals with comorbidities the vaccinations were made available to large sections of the adult population but the younger populations in many countries remained unvaccinated till late 2021 Even when vaccines were made available to children the lack of clarity about the vaccine's potential risks kept parents from getting their children immunized The district of Schwaz in Austria had about 70% of its adult population vaccinated during the predominance of the Beta variant of SARS-CoV-2 as the Comirnaty vaccine (BioNTech-Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine) had been made available to all its adult residents Schwaz presented an ideal setting to test whether vaccination of large portions of the adult population resulted in population immunity and provided indirect protection to the unvaccinated younger population the researchers studied the effects of a rapid mass vaccination campaign carried out by the Austrian government in the district of Schwaz after the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant the government gave the district a hundred thousand extra Comirnaty vaccine doses almost 70% of the adult (16 years or older) population had received the vaccine had only achieved 10% vaccination coverage The proportion of unvaccinated children below 16 years of age remained the same in Schwaz and its neighboring districts The study compared two age cohorts in Schwaz and the same in other districts One age cohort comprised unvaccinated children below 16 years of age and the other cohort contained adults between the age of 16 and 50 — the age group most likely to interact with children All recorded infections according to the age group were considered the outcome variable the researchers compared the two cohorts in Schwaz with the cohorts in a synthetic control group which consisted of districts with similar pre-vaccination campaign characteristics as Schwaz the spread of COVID-19 before the mass vaccination campaign and the number of municipalities in the district.  the age cohorts in Schwaz were compared to those in the municipalities bordering Schwaz that were not included in the mass vaccination campaign using a difference-in-difference (DID) design The number of infections per 100,000 younger (below 16 years of age) residents was considered the dependent variable The results indicated an increase from 5% to 60% in the vaccination coverage among the 16- to 50-year-old individuals was followed by a 40 to 60% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infections among children in Schwaz The first set of analyses found that the second dose of the mass vaccination campaign in Schwaz had brought about a 57.4% reduction in cumulative daily SARS-CoV-2 infection among the adults between 16 and 50 years of age and a 42.8% reduction in daily COVID-19 infections among children below 16 years of age The second part of the analysis that compared the cohorts in Schwaz with those in neighboring municipalities also found that after the second dose of the mass vaccination campaign the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections among both cohorts in Schwaz was significantly lower than that in the two age cohorts in the bordering municipalities The DID regression analysis revealed a 75.1% reduction of new SARS-CoV-2 cases in adults and a 64.5% decrease in new cases among children in Schwaz relative to the neighboring municipalities The authors mentioned some limitations to the study, including the fact that the study was not a randomized clinical trial but an observational study. Additionally, the study was conducted during the predominance of the Alpha variant and the emergence period of the Beta variant. The results might not be transferable to other variants, such as Omicron, as the efficacy of the Comirnaty vaccine differs against emergent variants the study revealed that vaccination of an extensive portion of the population could result in population immunity and grant indirect protection to the unvaccinated section of the population While vaccine efficacies differ against different variants of concern the findings on indirect protection might be relevant for regions with similar vaccine coverage as Schwaz Posted in: Medical Science News | Medical Research News | Disease/Infection News Chinta Sidharthan is a writer based in Bangalore Her academic background is in evolutionary biology and genetics and she has extensive experience in scientific research in evolutionary biology from the Indian Institute of Science and is passionate about science education she explored the origins and diversification of blindsnakes in India as a part of which she did extensive fieldwork in the jungles of southern India She has received the Canadian Governor General’s bronze medal and Bangalore University gold medal for academic excellence and published her research in high-impact journals Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay Does high vaccine coverage among the adult population grant the unvaccinated younger population indirect protection against SARS-CoV-2? 2025 from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20221003/Does-high-vaccine-coverage-among-the-adult-population-grant-the-unvaccinated-younger-population-indirect-protection-against-SARS-CoV-2.aspx "Does high vaccine coverage among the adult population grant the unvaccinated younger population indirect protection against SARS-CoV-2?" <https://www.news-medical.net/news/20221003/Does-high-vaccine-coverage-among-the-adult-population-grant-the-unvaccinated-younger-population-indirect-protection-against-SARS-CoV-2.aspx> https://www.news-medical.net/news/20221003/Does-high-vaccine-coverage-among-the-adult-population-grant-the-unvaccinated-younger-population-indirect-protection-against-SARS-CoV-2.aspx Cancel reply to comment Learn how experts are advancing benzodiazepine analysis and detection using insights from the lab discusses how he is addressing today’s medical challenges using the technology of the future Explore how the Radian ASAP mass spectrometer is being used to streamline and enhance seized drug screening you can trust me to find commercial scientific answers from News-Medical.net please log into your AZoProfile account first Registered members can chat with Azthena, request quotations, download pdf's, brochures and subscribe to our related newsletter content A few things you need to know before we start Read the full Terms & Conditions. Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.989337 This article is part of the Research TopicCurrent Research on Serological Analyses of Infectious DiseasesView all 11 articles In order to curb the rapid dissemination of the B.1.351 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the district of Schwaz and beyond the EU allocated additional vaccine doses at the beginning of March 2021 to implement a rapid mass vaccination of the population (16+) The aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among the adult population in the district of Schwaz at the time of the implementation symptoms and immunization status were collected using a structured questionnaire Blood samples were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 specific anti-spike anti-nucleocapsid and neutralizing antibodies We recruited 2,474 individuals with a median age (IQR) of 42 (31–54) years Using the official data on distribution of age and sex we found a standardized prevalence of undocumented infections at 15.0% (95% CI: 13.2–16.7) Taken together with the officially documented infections we estimated that 24.0% (95% CI: 22.5–25.6) of the adult population had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection the proportion of undocumented infections identified by our study was 55.8% (95% CI: 52.7–58.5) With a vaccination coverage of 10% among the adults population at that time we imply that a minimum of two-thirds of the target popuation was susceptible to the circulating threat when this unique campaign started As global efforts are in progress to cope with the uncontrolled transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, new variants surface as obstacles against the process of containment. The variant B.1.351, detected for the first time in South Africa in October 2020 (1) was found to have impaired neutralization by convalescent plasma from the wild type infection A potential dominance of such immune escape variants may pose a serious threat to real world vaccine effectiveness Almost simultaneously with the introduction of the first vaccines at the beginning of the year 2021, Europe notified increased circulation of the variant B.1.351 (2) Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies may help identify subjects with prior infections which were not detected by the conventional confirmatory tests we aimed to determine the prevalence SARS-CoV-2 infection status through the use of serological assays in the district of Schwaz at the time of the mass vaccination All adult residents of the district Schwaz in Tyrol were invited through the local county office and local media Consenting participants were asked to fill out a short questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects as well as their history of SARS-CoV-2 infection history of hospitalization and the status of vaccination Blood samples (EDTA) collected at the study site were used for the determination of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies targeting the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins Titers ≥1:16 (continuous titer of ≥16) were considered positive we estimated the seroprevalence in the adult population of Schwaz (source population) We defined the true cumulative incidence at the time of data collection to be the sum of the estimated undocumented infections and the officially reported daily numbers stratified by age and sex kindly provided by the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Dr The level of significance was set at 5% using two-sided tests where applicable The study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Innsbruck (EK Nr:1093/2021) the total number of participants added up to 2,474 adults (n = 1,028 males and n = 1,446 females) between 18 and 89 years of age 95% CI: 22.4–25.6) reported to have had a PCR (n = 591) or antigen (n = 2) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection 95% CI: 3.1–4.5) reported a previous infection based on a routine antibody test Only 15 participants (2.1%) reported to have been hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection Around 15% of subjects with a previous infection reported to have had no symptoms Among participants with a history of infection and reporting symptoms (n = 578) the majority (52.8%) had only mild symptoms without being bedridden Although symptom reporting was more common among females than males [OR significantly more males reported to have been hospitalized [OR A total of 1,948 participants (79.2%) had received at least one dose of an mRNA or a vector vaccine approved in Europe at the time of the study (a single individual reported to have received BBIBP-CorV The majority (92%) of the vaccinated subjects had received Comirnaty—as part of the mass vaccination with a median (IQR) of 9 (7–10) days prior to the study—followed by Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1 No significant difference was observed in the vaccination status across sexes Baseline characteristics of study participants (n = 2,474) Independent of sex, the proportion of subjects positive for anti-S IgG antibody was 51.4% and positive for anti-N antibody 34.3% (p = 0.28 and 0.29, respectively) (Table 1) The proportion of anti-S positives was higher since there were participants who had been vaccinated prior to or as part of the mass immunization programme In order to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies before the mass vaccination, we characterized (as shown in Table 2) subjects with positive anti-N Ig antibodies (n = 848) We observed a significant association between anti-N Ig levels and age but no difference across sexes The median concentration was three times higher among participants older than 60 years as compared to those below 40 years of age Only 548 (64.6%) anti-N Ig positive subjects also reported a history of previous PCR- or antigen-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection About one third of the remaining 296 subjects with no history of PCR- or antigen-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections reported to have found out about a previous infection based on an antibody test prior to the study taking 205 participants (8.3% of the total study participants) by surprise Participants reporting severe symptoms or a history of hospitalization had significantly higher anti-N Ig concentrations than participants without (p = 0.008 and 0.018 The mere presence or absence of symptoms showed no significant difference on the level of antibodies directed against N protein Geometric mean (median) anti-N antibody concentrations across participant characteristics (n=848) The majority of anti-N Ig positive subjects were also positive for neutralizing antibodies a significant proportion had already received at least one dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines prior to our study impeding the interpretation of infection-induced neutralization activity Compared to 98.2% of previously infected plus vaccinated individuals only 69.0% of the participants with previous infection without any history of vaccination were positive for neutralizing antibodies The median 50% inhibition titer was 46 fold higher in the vaccinated plus infected group as compared to the non-vaccinated convalescent group (p < 0.0001) Concentrating on the group with a history of infection but no vaccination (n = 248) we observed a significant association between anti-N Ig level and positivity for neutralizing antibodies Taking 7,320 subjects officially reported to have had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 at the time of data collection (information obtained from AGES) the true total number of infections in the adult population of the district of Schwaz by March 2021 was estimated at 7,320 + 9,228 = 16,548 (95% CI: 15,494 – 17,616) which translates into an overall pre-mass vaccination SARS-CoV-2 prevalence of 24% (95% CI: 22.5–25.6) and a proportion of undocumented infections of 55.8% (95% CI: 52.7–58.5) in adults at that time Characterizing study population and source population without a known history of officially reported SARS-CoV-2 infection Projected undocumented and overall point prevalence of SARS-SoV-2 infection in the district of Schwaz just before the mass immunization campaign In a sensitivity analysis that employed the Rogan-Gladen correction for an imperfect diagnostic test (Supplementary Table 1) the results were similar to the principal analysis as expected given the sensitivity and specificity of the anti-N Ig assay close to 100% in participants without a known history of SARS-CoV-2 infection the age- and sex-standardized seroprevalence was 14.9% (95% CI: 13.2–16.6%) and the expected number of unreported cases in the reference population was 9,169 (95% CI: 8,103–10,233) after correction our result implies that a maximum of one third of the adult popuation had at least one SARS-CoV-2 specific immunological event Comprehensive meta-analysis studies indicate that a plethora of seroprevalence studies has been conducted across the globe since early on in the pandemic. A wide range of cumulative incidence has been reported depending on the population studied, the sample size used, the serological method applied, the time of the study since the start of the pandemic or whether or not vaccination status was considered (24, 25) making direct comparison of estimates very challenging Our study was conducted at the end of the second infection wave, hence the higher seroprevalence highlighting the temporal continuum of the rising infection numbers. A follow-up nationwide survey conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 and global epidemiological data on seroprevalence over time also corroborate this temporal trend (25, 28) Common to the majority of previously published seroprevalence data, as underpinned by a large global meta-analysis, is that the estimates based on serological approach are clearly higher than the officially reported ones with values ranging from as low as 1.5 times to as high as 10 times the reported cumulative incidence (51) With 55.8% of seropositive subjects having never been registered officially Beyond the large sample size, the availability of data on daily infections in the study district across age and sex since the start of the pandemic, as well as the official census data that enabled a direct age standardization and projection of estimates to the general population, is one strength of the study. The main serological assay we used to determine seroprevalence has a high sensitivity and specificity (22, 23) A major limitation of this study is the convenience-sampling approach in which individuals who were willing to participate may be significantly different from those who were not attracted by this approach This might have resulted in selection bias toward higher prevalence We aimed to balance this effect by concentrating on subjects reporting no known history of previous infection and by coupling the unreported infections to the officially registered cases A further limitation is that our data concentrated only on the adult population as we lacked ethical clearance to include minors Our conclusions are twofold. First, by accounting for the undocumented cases through serological approach, our study confirmed once again that officially reported data on infection status markedly underestimate the true prevalence. Second, adding our finding to the vaccine coverage of 10% among the adults population shortly before the mass immunization campaign (6) our result implies that at least two-thirds of the adult population was immuno-naïve and susceptible to the circulating threat as this unique campaign started The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Innsbruck (EK Nr:1093/2021) The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study and agreed to this version of the manuscript and the whole diagnostic and research team at the Institute of Virology for excellent technical support and Luiza Hoch and the whole organization team for excellent coordination of the study both at the laboratory and at the study site The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.989337/full#supplementary-material Supplementary Figure 1. Age structure of the study population as compared to the official age structure in Schwaz (source population) among men (A) and women (B) [Source population data from Statisik Austria (14)] Spearman‘s correlation coefficient (r) and 95% CI between anti N Ig and age of study participants with no reports of known prior infection (n = 1871) (A) and the whole study participants (n = 2472) (B) Dotted horizontal lines represent the cutoff values as recommended by the manufacturer Seroprevalence of unreported SARS-CoV-2 infection after Rogan-Gladen correction Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa 2. European Center For Disease Prevention Control,. Rapid Risk Assessment: SARS-CoV-2 – increased circulation of variants of concern vaccine rollout in the EU/EEA, 14th update. (2021). Available online at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-covid-19-14th-update-15-feb-2021.pdf (accessed November 4. AGES. Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH. SARS-CoV-2-Varianten in Österreich. (2022). Available online at: https://www.ages.at/themen/krankheitserreger/coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2-varianten-in-oesterreich/ (accessed May 5. Gesundheitsministerium Österreich,. Impflage. (2022). 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AGES Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH,. Dashboard COVID-19. (2020). Available online at: https://covid19-dashboard.ages.at/ Global seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis von Laer D and Borena W (2022) Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Tyrolean district of Schwaz at the time of the rapid mass vaccination in March 2021 following B.1.351-variant outbreak Received: 08 July 2022; Accepted: 17 August 2022; Published: 09 September 2022 Copyright © 2022 Willeit, Kimpel, Winner, Harthaller, Schäfer, Bante, Falkensammer, Rössler, Riepler, Ower, Sacher, von Laer and Borena. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Wegene Borena, d2VnZW5lLmJvcmVuYUBpLW1lZC5hYy5hdA== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Free access to this content is for qualifying individuals only Corporate and institutional access requires an appropriate license or subscription For more information contact institutions@markallengroup.com mister-baseball.com Passionate about European baseball since 2007 Whitney Robinson-Pierce is adding another mark on his career map of Baseball stops around the world After six professional seasons in the United States including stints with minor league affiliates with the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago Cubs and several clubs in Europe and Australia the 28-year-old catcher joins the Austrian Baseball League team Schwaz Tigers for the upcoming season Pierce played for the Swiss NLA team Reussbuehl Eagles in 2007 for the Dutch Hoofdklasse club RCH Media Monks in 2008 and for the German Baseball-Bundesliga team Saarlouis Hornets in 2009 He will serve as player-coach for the reigning Austrian vice champion which also will play in the European Cup Qualifier in Antwerp Before spending his third consecutive winter in Australia the Californian Pierce batted .278 (OBP .457/SLG .392) with two homeruns 17 runs and six RBI for the Hornets in 2009 Schwaz recently lost starting pitcher Peter Astl for the year due to a shoulder injury They will open the new season on April 17th with a rematch of last fall’s finals on the road against champion SUPERFUND Wanderers Vienna Photo: © www.eisenhuth-photographie.de Franz Hackl is the mastermind behind the Outreach Festival – this was the 31st edition His particular skill is in digging for genius and bringing a lively selection of music to the surface he is building on the heritage of Schwaz (near Innsbruck) initially forced on it by Covid restrictions in 2020 is for there to be a rotation of three bands each night All play three mini-sets of 20 minutes passing the ‘baton’ to the next group But at least one can take short time outs in the bar The miniset concept creates a unique link between the bands This was noticed each evening as the musicians stayed on stage and seemed to adapt their sets accordingly through listening There are actually three strands to the actual festival which merge successfully and organically there is a concert by local groups in the shop window of the Hackl family trumpet workshop Particularly notable was the 11 piece Sam Siefert Ensemble Contemporary jazz replacing the traditional Tyrolean village bands A particular element of the evening programme is the use of the teachers from the Academy which has taken place in parallel Many of these are from New York and are carefully selected by Hackl one of the leading musicians on the younger Vienna scene who is co-artistic director for the festival Musical director of the orchestra is Gene Pritsker who manages to conduct The large ensemble of the Orchestra on the second night was followed on the third by the Worlds Beyond Orchestra Incredible assurance from the young string players and Schnyder had the good fortune of being able to use musicians such as Hackl The version of ‘Karachi’ in particular managed to merge the energy of Bollywood with Schnyder’s sophisticated mind set the other nights included intriguing bands from Vienna and Munich Tom Herbert on bass and Corrie Dick on drums with a catchy groove and seamless interplay between them all And it contrasted well with the groups from Vienna It’s a scene with quite a bit of surreal humour perhaps looking back to the cabaret tradition which was always strong there but mixed with some psychological angst – appropriate for the country of Freud Lineups are often not expected jazz lineups but perhaps that gives them more flexibility to ‘shock’ us with what they play partnered with Laura Jurd’s quartet was the group Anja Om Plus a five-piece a capella vocal group led by singer Anja Obermayer The other Austrian groups were equally thought-provoking in that their music in no way matched what might have been anticipated guitar and drums could well have an acoustic chamber ensemble But the music was much louder and mesmerising Valentin Schuster (drums) and Siegmar Brecher (bass clarinet) is There was the quartet of pianist Luca Zambito perhaps the closest to a ‘straight’ contemporary jazz quartet over the course of the weekend LBT though played a sort of acoustic techno which reflects that they started playing on the Munich club circuit The energy and interplay of the bass and drums is offset by seemingly more thoughtful piano from Leo Betzl They had come from a rock festival to play at Outreach So they managed to get even the generally quiet audience of the festival dancing by the end of the third night And allied to an appropriate programming is the choice of an artist in residence has pursued much of his career in New York especially as he seemed to need to escape the Austrian art scene which and collaborating with Steve Lacy in particular It is diverse stylistically and in the use of materials as it’s more about an attitude than a specific artistic strand He himself takes a quote from Dave Brubeck: “You have to have discipline to reach freedom.” This year it was “Icons of Unorthodoxy: Unified by Diversity – Unexpected Kindness” regarding jazz as a model of empathetic rebellion where authenticity and collaboration should not be hampered by usual social norms The weekend was an ample demonstration of how that can truly happen "add8ee70d8e8dc7bde7e1e8b605c2ff2" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id" Metrics details We study the real-life effect of an unprecedented rapid mass vaccination campaign Following a large outbreak of the Beta variant in the district of Schwaz/Austria 100,000 doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) were procured to mass vaccinate the entire adult population of the district between the 11th and 16th of March 2021 This made the district the first widely inoculated region in Europe We examine the effect of this campaign on the number of infections We compare Schwaz with (i) a control group of highly similar districts and (ii) with populations residing in municipalities along the border of Schwaz which were just excluded from the campaign We find large and significant decreases for all outcomes after the campaign Our results suggest that rapid mass vaccination is an effective tool to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 the Government of Austria and BioNTech joined forces in an effort to supply 100,000 extra vaccine doses of BNT162b2 to rapidly mass vaccinate the entire adult population (16+) of Schwaz more than 70% of the adult population of Schwaz received their first dose of BNT162b2 which made Schwaz the first widely inoculated region in Europe This stood in sharp contrast to the slow vaccination progress of the rest of the country which had a vaccination coverage of 10% at that time this local mass vaccination campaign created stark differences in vaccine coverage at the district level of otherwise highly integrated regions with similar spread of SARS-CoV-2 prior to the campaign We exploit this stark difference in local vaccine coverage to study infections hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions following this mass vaccination campaign population-wide mass vaccination event provides an opportunity to study the impact of rapid vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2 and its major VoCs the entire adult population was offered vaccination (and administered within 5 days) regardless of their age or any other factors This allows us to compare outcomes of a general population living within the same geographical area but across district borders resulting in very different vaccine coverage Our study design keeps confounding factors such as the healthcare system local conditions facilitating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and general population characteristics as constant as possible due to the occurrence of VoCs in the district of Schwaz our study also provides evidence of the real-life effect of the vaccine regarding variant cases The figure displays the shares of the adult population that received the first (solid line) and second dose (dashed line) of vaccination while the other (eight) Tyrolian districts are pooled and their mean depicted in orange The shaded areas indicate the period of the first (d1: 11th to 16th of March 2021) and the second (d2: 8–11 April 2021) roll-out of mass vaccination (a) depicts cumulative daily infections (per 100,000) for Schwaz (solid red line) and the synthetic control group (dashed blue line) (b) shows the 7-day incidence (per 100,000) for Schwaz (solid red line) and the synthetic control group (dashed blue line) The chosen donors include Hartberg-Fürstenfeld (24.1%) The horizontal axis indicates the number of days relative to vaccination campaign (dose 1 The pre-treatment period started 21 days (three weeks) before the first dose the post-treatment period ended 133 days (19 weeks) after the first dose The vertical dashed lines represent the first dose (d1) and the second dose (d2) administered in the vaccination campaign We also studied cumulative daily infections per 100,000 inhabitants by age group. Figure 5 in the Supplement depicts the cumulative daily infections per 100,000 inhabitants for each age group separately It can be seen that cumulative daily infections (per 100,000 inhabitants) for Schwaz and its synthetic control group were the largest in the youngest age group with 2827 cumulative infections for the control group and 1566 for Schwaz (i.e. For the oldest age group (80+) we observed 504 cumulative daily infections for Schwaz and 934 in the synthetic control group (i.e. while the youngest age group experienced the largest number of avoided infections the relative reduction was comparable across age groups (44.6% = 1261/2827; 46.0% = 430/934) The figure shows the cumulative weekly hospital admissions (per 100,000) related to a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection for Schwaz and the synthetic control group (a) relates to general hospital admissions and (b) to the ones in intensive care units (ICUs) The chose donors include Grieskirchen (15.8%) Reutte (61.9%) and Wiener Neustadt Land (22.3%) in the case of general hospital admissions The horizontal axis shows the number of weeks relative to vaccination campaign (dose 1) The pre-treatment period started four weeks before the first dose the post-treatment period ended 15 weeks after the first dose The vertical dashed lines represent the first dose (d1) and the second dose (d2) administered as part of the mass vaccination campaign In addition to the analysis based on the synthetic control group we also compared the district of Schwaz with adjacent municipalities located along the district border using an event-study approach Event studies are commonly used in econometrics to assess the effect of an exogenous event on a variable of interest Our analysis examined infections among local populations living within the same geographic area but with stark differences in vaccine coverage after the campaign we also used VoC cases as additional outcome variable since sequencing data were available only for the state of Tyrol (but not for all districts used in the SC method) The figure displays the results from regression Eq. (1) using weekly cases (per 100,000) as outcome variable for Schwaz and its bordering municipalities The plotted points are the weekly coefficients βk which represent the mean difference in weekly cases between Schwaz and the border municipalities relative to the reference week d1 (conditional on municipality- and week-fixed effects) The point coefficient for each week is shown together with the 95%-confidence interval The horizontal axis displays the number of weeks relative to vaccination campaign (dose 1) To determine the percent reduction in new infections due to the vaccination campaign (relative to the border municipalities) we used a log-transformed regression and obtained semi-elasticities (see also the Methods section) We found a significant reduction of the average post-treatment DID in weekly new infections of around −71.1% (95% CI: −85.8 to −41.2) we found a statistically significant weekly reduction of −6.3 in Schwaz relative to the municipalities in the neighboring districts The corresponding semi-elasticity indicates a reduction of 33.6% (95%-CI: −48.9 to −13.7) In case of weekly ICU admissions related to a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (per 100,000 inhabitants) we estimated a statistically significant reduction of 4.1 ICU admissions per week in Schwaz relative to the border municipalities which translates into a semi-elasticity of −20.5% (95%-CI: −31.2% to −8.1%) Due to the small number of hospitalizations in the neighboring border municipalities the comparison of hospital admissions and ICU is based on weekly observations from all municipalities of the two neighboring districts (Kufstein and Innsbruck-Land) Table 1 summarizes the percent reductions we calculated above for the event study (two-period DID) and the synthetic control method Comparing the numbers shown in the table suggests that the reductions in the respective outcomes are often of similar magnitude that the numbers are based on different control regions namely the border municipalities (in case of the event study) and the control districts (in case of the synthetic control group) we do not have sequencing data on variants from districts outside of Tyrol and thus This retrospective observational study examines COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness at the population level in the district of Schwaz an early VoC hotspot that became one of the first highly vaccinated regions in Europe Our analysis uses a control group of districts highly similar to Schwaz regarding many population characteristics we zoom in on border municipalities residing just outside of the treated district Our analysis reveals that the mass vaccination campaign is associated with a significant reduction in new SARS-CoV-2 infections of around 40% relative to control districts and around 70% when using bordering municipalities for comparison We find similar significant reductions in variant cases It is important to note that the dominant variant in Austria at the time of our study was Alpha and that the Delta variant entered Austria only at the end of our study period Our analysis also shows a significant reduction in hospital as well as ICU admissions associated with SARS-CoV-2 our results suggest that the rapid mass vaccination campaign was successful in curbing the spread of the virus our findings suggest that the large reduction of infections in Schwaz was driven by the mass vaccination campaign we used data from the Austrian epidemiological reporting system (Österreichisches Epidemiologisches Meldesystem These data are collected by the Austrian National Public Health Institute (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH along with information on hospital admissions due to COVID-19 diagnosis Our database comprises municipality/district-level epidemiological data from the universe of all Austrian districts and all municipalities within those districts hospital and ICU admissions recorded for those geographical units Sequencing as well as vaccination data is only available for the state of Tyrol which responded with comprehensive sequencing of almost all SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive cases after the large outbreaks of Beta and Alpha/E484K in February 2021 The study has been reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the University of Salzburg Our study design exploited the fact that regions which share many geographical as well as socio-demographic characteristics ended up with very different vaccine coverage following the vaccination campaign To distinguish the possible effects of the vaccination campaign on (variant) cases and hospitalizations from other factors Both the placebo and the one-leave-out test suggest robust estimation results for the synthetic control method We estimated a two-way fixed effects model including an indicator variable for municipalities located in Schwaz as the treated units We started from the 18th of January 2021 and estimated for each week k the DID of new infections (per 100,000 inhabitants) between the group of bordering municipalities and the ones of Schwaz where yi,w denotes the weekly sum of new infections (per 100,000) in municipality \(i\) (Schwaz or border municipalities) at week w δi and δw denote municipality- and week-fixed effects and Di,w = 1 for weeks after the treatment and if a municipality received a treatment (i.e. k in the sum operators indicate pre- (first sum) and post- (second sum) treatment effects Standard errors are clustered at the municipality level which measure the difference in the outcome variable (e.g. daily infections) between Schwaz and the neighboring border municipalities at a given week k relative to the omitted reference category which is the week of the first dose of the campaign (11th to 16th of March) we ran separate regressions for each outcome variable (sum of all infections general hospitalizations and ICU admissions) in the form Standard errors were clustered at the municipality level the synthetic control and the event-study (DID) method have their strengths and weaknesses While the border design of the event study uses only nearby municipalities which share many socio-demographic and geographical characteristics (e.g. potential cross-protection through spillovers from the treated district cannot be ruled out the SC method relies only on districts much further apart from Schwaz which rules out such cross-protection effects these districts do not share some of the local geographical characteristics that potentially influence infection spread A comparison of the estimated parameters from both methods indicates the validity of our causal statements and results Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article Sequencing and vaccination data is made available by the “Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung” which can be applied via email (lwz@tirol.gv.at) Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant Variant of Concern 202012/01.: Technical briefing 5 (2020) Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus Interim findings from first-dose mass COVID-19 vaccination roll-out and COVID-19 hospital admissions in Scotland: a national prospective cohort study BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants and severe COVID-19 disease in Qatar COVID-19 dynamics after a national immunization program in Israel Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: Estimating the effect of California’s tobacco control program Preparing for COVID-19 vaccine roll-out through simulation exercises Examination of the synthetic control method for evaluating health policies with multiple treated units Quantifying the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Sweden Synth: an R package for synthetic control methods in comparative case studies The economic consequences of hospital admissions Paetzold, J et al. Impacts of rapid mass vaccination against SARS-CoV2 in an early variant of concern hotspot. hwin365/2021_schwaz; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5782757 (2021) Download references The authors are grateful to Daniela Schmid and Lukas Richter from AGES for providing SARS-CoV-2 qPCR data and critical discussion We also would like to thank Elmar Rizzoli and Thomas Geiler from Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung for providing sequencing and vaccination data for the state of Tyrol We are grateful for seeing the support of Katie Bates through the FWF Austrian Science Fund Lise Meitner Award [M-3069-B] These authors contributed equally: Jörg Paetzold The Austrian National Public Health Institute (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH performed statistical analyses and cowrote the first draft of the article performed the statistical analyses and cowrote the first draft of the article equally contributed to data collection and acquisition All authors contributed to the discussion and interpretation of the results All authors have read and approved the final manuscript The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has filed patent applications relating to SARS-CoV-2 serological assays and NDV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines which list Florian Krammer as co-inventor to market serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 Florian Krammer has consulted for Merck and Pfizer (before 2020) The Krammer laboratory is also collaborating with Pfizer on animal models of SARS-CoV-2 The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection or analyses of data or influence on the judgments and actions with regard to objective data presentation and interpretation Nature Communications thanks Igor Francetic and the other reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28233-8 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis (2023) Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Microbiology newsletter — what matters in microbiology research Andrei Siclodi, director of the Innsbruck-based Künstlerhaus Büchsenhausen and founding director of the Fellowship Program for Art and Theory relishes taking each year’s selected fellows to shadily legitimate Austrian museums I seem to almost enjoy being able to share his discomfort with other artists One of the most exciting aspects of my ongoing term as a fellow has been this guided introduction to spaces in and around Innsbruck I would either not have encountered on my own or to complex museological sites that memorialise without complicating difficult histories Siclodi is of Romanian origin and I think it’s his unique outsider eye I relate to most It distances him from feeling any urge to be ambassadorial instead offering fellows the privilege of seeing things more dispassionately he is also either angered or amused by certain grandiose forms of display and token gestures made in earnest in order to offer the appearance of inclusiveness By investing in perpetuating the myth of Tyrol and in projecting the Austrian state of Tyrol as a victim of fascism the complexities of its complicity are conveniently erased Some weeks later, Siclodi enticed us into a trip to the nearby city of Schwaz, historically a silver mining centre, in fact, the largest mining metropolis in Europe in the 15th and 16th century His intention was to bring us to the Museum der Völker (House of Peoples) which was built in 1995 and housed the collection of the photographer and journalist Chesi donated his collection of objects and artefacts amassed from Africa and Asia to the city of Schwaz the museum’s display and focus had been reoriented to allow for greater self-reflection but the issue of provenance of most of the objects remains opaque Is it enough for a photographer whose career seems to have profited from an uninhibitedly orientalising gaze to simply say he ‘collected’ objects from Africa and Asia without adequately supplying information on the details then can we be sure they weren’t stolen Though the freshly curated display tries to offer overarching thematic structures within which to view the numerous statues of Buddha which are housed as part of the opening section there is too little information to contextualise the nuances of the iconography what makes a statue of the Buddha from Myanmar unique from one from Java When I asked one of the curators if the narrative panels that had depictions from the life of Buddha had the Jataka tales as their source she admitted to knowing nothing about this canonical piece of Buddhist literature The next room was dedicated to objects that purportedly revealed various world views alongside indigenous sculptures from Papa New Guinea The curators used display techniques to encourage viewers to reflect on what constitutes their personal ideological frameworks But I wondered if this just nullified the intensity of the objects on display and their history was the upper-most room in which were housed innumerable artefacts of various sizes many without any information on their original design The curator who guided us told us the present team was researching ways and means of repatriating these objects and was coldly critical of Chesi’s methodology as a collector Some objects testified to a pre-Islamic past in certain parts of North Africa the information they had managed to compile was not significant we came upon a vitrine displaying the various passports held by Chesi suggesting how vastly well-travelled he was But beside them was a collage that upset me a poster for a ‘Slave Market’ that had been organised as a carnival gag in Schwaz in 1967 It is so obviously influenced by orientalism but also suggestive of a racist mindset little context to why this poster has been put on display The curator said it was to reveal to audiences something about the mindset of the collector but I genuinely wasn’t sure what the point and purpose of this museum in Schwaz was I wondered if it would serve its function most effectively if it concentrated it resources in returning all the objects its collector spuriously acquired and shut itself down which people was it purporting to represent more critically reflective displays did allow for more questions to be raised or was it a way of sanitising its own history How was the city of Schwaz continuing to profit from this venture in which the artist stood naked on a plinth on November 10 for several hours the lighting dramatic enough to throw multiple shadows on the floor It’s a performance that implicates every viewer in how it depicts the alienation of marginalisation It draws its visual heft from historical images of slaves displayed naked to potential buyers at slave markets re-invoking the traumas that remain inter-generational with no sense of reparation in sight.  (Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position of STIR or its Editors.) editor and researcher currently based in the Italian Alps She is the author of A Handbook for My Lover (HarperCollins India D’Mello writes a weekly feminist column for mid-day and a monthly memoir-based art column on contemporary art for STIRworld She was a fellow atKünstlerhaus Büchsenhausen Venice (2021) and the recipient of an India Foundation for the Arts research grant (2019–2022) Her writing has been internationally published and anthologised most recently in Future Library: The Red Hen Anthology of Contemporary Indian Writing  (2023) When a famed Indian artist used a protest poet’s words without credit it raised a deeper question: who gets to speak The veteran curator on the Sharjah Biennial 16 and collection-building as history-writing This selling exhibition has been conceived as a collaboration between WWF to further ocean conservation initiatives across the UK A museum at Cambridge University examines Britain’s role in the transatlantic slave trade between 1750-1850 Exclusive preview for subscribers. 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Learn More © Copyright 2019-2025 STIR Design Private Limited Please confirm your email address and we’ll send you a link to reset your password All your bookmarks will be available across all your devices Password must be 8 characters long including one capital letter By creating an account, you acknowledge and agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy by STIR Select the Conversation Category you would like to watch Please enter your details and click submit Single account access for STIRworld.com,STIRpad.com and exclusive STIRfri content Verification link sent to check your inbox or spam folder to complete sign up process by Rosalyn D`Mello | Published on : Dec 10 archiving web links is key to our fact-checking practice And thanks to numerous archival resources on the internet Keeping records on the internet is essential to understanding not just the history of the web but also to help us track whether a tweet was ever deleted or if someone amended a statement on a web page which aims to "provide permanent public access to Federal Agency Web content."  Estimates about the average lifespan of a webpage vary over time. In 1997 Scientific American estimated it was 44 days, and the New Yorker in 2015 suggested it could be 100 days But some web pages can be deleted in a matter of hours especially if they are of a politically sensitive nature the incident revealed the Internet Archive's role in collecting receipts that became useful to journalistic investigations The most straightforward site to get started on you simply input a link into the Wayback Machine to see if it already exists by clicking on "Browse History." Below that another option allows you to "Save Page Now," and create a new link If you want to browse through the history of a web page you will get directed to all the past instances it has been archived You can click on a date (indicated by a blue bubble) to get access to a webpage the more times a page was archived on that day We should note that a green link indicates a webpage was redirected The top of the search results page also tells users how many times a webpage was archived The top bar shows the years the pages were saved while the calendar below it allows us to click on the month Archive.org also has a large collection of books that we have frequently relied on in our research On archive.today you can also search for whether a link has been archived before How Do We Know Archived Pages Are Not Manipulated While people have screenshotted webpages and tweets in the past, it is easier to manipulate simple images than it is to edit an already archived webpage. According to an article by professor of computer science Michele C. Weigle, published by the Social Science Research Council (SSRC): There can be no interaction with the page—no scrolling no clicking of links or even revealing what web pages the links on the page referred to including its source HTML and embedded images the user can interact with the archived page including clicking links to explore what the web page was connected to public web archives are created and stored by independent archival organizations We trust that the contents of these public web archives have not been tampered with or maliciously manipulated However, archived links are not perfect, and come with a range of possible glitches, according to SSRC: Although web archives provide a valuable service and archiving a web page is very different from archiving a physical object or even a static file such as a PDF Web pages have become increasingly more complex over the years with many loading hundreds or even thousands of images which can include advertisements and trackers These JavaScript resources are executed by web browsers and many of their interactions cannot be captured by all web archives The embedded and linked nature of HTML makes the direct replay of archived web pages difficult so web archives must make some limited transformations to the original web page This includes rewriting links and locations of embedded resources so that they are loaded from the archive instead of the live web This prevents someone from viewing a web page captured in 2012 and seeing an advertisement from 2018 embedded in that 2012 web page "Archived Presidential White House Websites." National Archives https://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/archived-websites "Is This 'Mayonnaise Safety' Military Handbook Real?" Snopes https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mayonnaise-safety-military-handbook/ "Did Trump Write 'Never Admit Defeat' in 'Art of the Deal'?" Snopes https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-art-of-the-deal/ "Federal Depository Library Program Web Archive." Archive-it https://archive-it.org/home/FDLPwebarchive?fc=meta_Creator%3AU.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services "How Web Archivists and Other Digital Sleuths Are Unraveling the Mystery of MH17." Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/07/21/how-web-archivists-and-other-digital-sleuths-are-unraveling-the-mystery-of-mh17/ "Internet Archive: About IA." https://archive.org/about/ "Internet Archive: Wayback Machine." https://archive.org/web/ "What the Web Said Yesterday." The New Yorker https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/cobweb "Did Raphael Warnock Tweet About 'the Meaning of Easter'?" Snopes https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/warnock-easter-tweet/ "'Handmaid's Tale' Tweet Deleted from CNN Host Brian Stelter's Twitter Account." Snopes https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/brian-stelter-handmaids-tale-cnn/ "List of Web Archiving Initiatives." Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Web_archiving_initiatives&oldid=1120507741 "Did Wired Mag Publish 'Scary Accurate' Predictions About 21st Century in 1997?" Snopes https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/wired-1997-predictions/ "Preserving the Internet." Scientific American: Article—Special Report https://web.archive.org/web/19970504212157/https://www.sciam.com/0397issue/0397kahle.html https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/homepage "Time Travel." https://timetravel.mementoweb.org/ "UKWA Home." https://www.webarchive.org.uk/ukwa/ "Web Evidence Points to Pro-Russia Rebels in Downing of MH17." Christian Science Monitor https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2014/0717/Web-evidence-points-to-pro-Russia-rebels-in-downing-of-MH17 "On the Importance of Web Archiving." Items https://items.ssrc.org/parameters/on-the-importance-of-web-archiving/ Nur Nasreen Ibrahim is a reporter with experience working in television This material may not be reproduced without permission Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com An emotional Juan Pedro López (Lidl-Trek) secured overall victory in Levico Terme taking his first stage race success after five days of intense racing in Italy and Austria.  The Spaniard won the green race winner's jersey by 38 seconds from Decathlon AG2R's Ben O’Connor while Antonio Tiberi (Bahrain Victorious) rounded out the podium in third at 42 seconds.  Aurélien Paret-Peintre scored Decathlon AG2R La Mondiale’s 10th victory of 2024 winning the final stage of the Tour of the Alps with a superb sprint into Levico Terme Stage 4 - Simon Carr wins the stage as Juan Pedro López responds to GC attacks Simon Carr had spent time at altitude hoping to fight for overall victory at the Tour of the Alps but when allergies wrecked his hopes he turned his focus to winning a stage.  A day of rain eased his allergies and so he went on the attack early on stage 4 and managed to drop his companions and win alone with Juan Pedro López (Lidl-Trek) able to respond to multiple attacks and so retain the race lead Chris Harper (Jayco-AlUla) crashed out while Ben O'Connor (Decathlon-AG2R) as more fortunate and remains in the battle for overall victory Stage 3 - Juan Pedro López takes solo victory, race lead Juan Pedro López (Lidl-Trek) moved into the overall lead It was also the first professional win of his career Giulio Pellizzari (VF-Bardiani CSF-Faizanè) finished second as the two riders had gone clear of the peloton From the chase behind, Tobias Foss (Ineos Grenadiers) secured third place who did most of the chasing for 150km of the long stage into Austria.  Stage 1 - Tobias Foss wins stage 1 as GC contenders emerge Tobias Foss (Ineos Grenadiers) won stage 1 after a select group went clear over the final climb The former time trial champion then got away with three riders and won the sprint to the line  ahead of Chris Harper and Esteban Chaves to become the first race leader The Tour of the Alps continues as an attractive pre-Giro d'Italia stage race with challenging climbs and opportunities for breakaway artists and puncheurs.  Nine WorldTour teams have signed on to race the 2024 edition alongside seven ProTeams one Continental team and the Austrian National Team Tao Geoghegan Hart won the Tour of the Alps in 2023 but Ineos Grenadiers will be without the defending champion as he transferred to Lidl-Trek for 2024 The British team is lead by Geraint Thomas as his preparation for the Giro d’Italia with Filippo Ganna also targeting stages and race fitness for the Corsa Rosa Ben O'Connor leads Decathlon AG2R as he also races for a final block before the Giro d'Italia while Wout Poels leads Bahrain Victorious and Romain Bardet leads Team dsm-firmenich PostNL Jayco-Alula have former Italian national champion Filippo Zana as Eddie Dunbar opts for another pre-Giro training block.  second overall with Hugh Carthy in 2023 will return to shoot for the top podium spot with the British climber and Colombian veteran Esteban Chaves The USA's Will Barta leads Movistar along with Ivan Sosa with a host of other young riders in action in Italy and Austria during the five days of racing Join Cyclingnews' coverage of the 2024 Tour of the Alps with race reports Attempt to frighten fellow teenagers with hammer and clown mask ends with knife wound for 16-year-old A teenager’s attempt to frighten a group of young people by wearing a clown mask and brandishing a hammer on a Berlin street has turned out very badly, according to German police. Berlin police said on Tuesday that a 14-year-old responded by pulling a knife and stabbing the clown, only to find that the clown was a 16-year-old acquaintance. Read moreHe provided first aid until emergency medical help could arrive The older teenager was taken to a hospital The 14-year-old was released to his parents Another clown incident was reported by Austrian police Police said a 19-year-old was injured after being chased by two people dressed as clowns who jumped from bushes in Schwaz A third clown joined the chase and attacked the man with a baseball bat News media in Europe and the US have reported a rash of sightings – some confirmed some not – of people dressed as clowns and acting in a disturbing manner Berlin police warned that scaring another person could constitute a criminal offence and result in a hefty fine and compensation claims from the victims View upcoming auction estimates and receive personalized email alerts for the artists you follow where it costs upwards of $25 to visit a museum Life on Its Own is a group exhibition with students from the Object Sculpture department at Vienna’s Academy of Fine Arts This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page The last round of the Regionalliga West before the winter break was a worthy finale the previous record of 32 from the opening round was surpassed with the 16 clubs saving the best for last Dornbirn contributed the most goals of the Vorarlberg clubs at the end Schwaz was also a good place for the Rothosen on the road with Eric Orie and his team winning 4:2 against the Tyroleans "That made me happy once again after the cheeky performance we had recently delivered at home against Wals-Grünau," said the FCD coach We were compact and didn't allow ourselves to be tempted to play all over the pitch this time And we could have scored a few more goals at the end." Crown for DornbirnThe Messestädter thus secured the Ländle crown who for their part turned around a 0:1 deficit in Kitzbühel and secured their second away win of the season thanks to an own goal by the home side in stoppage time Juniors defy ImstAltach Juniors were also at their best in the final round The Rheindörflers hosted league leaders Imst and fell 2-0 behind after just over half an hour due to a double strike against the Tyroleans they fought their way back to snatch a point from the visitors Within striking distanceThe last matchday was also very pleasing for bottom club Lauterach Hofsteiger had already taken the lead at the break with a goal from Nicolai Bösch in Kuchl the ex-Austria Lustenau player scored another goal in the second half to keep his team within striking distance of the competition in the relegation battle for the spring Röthis suffered their only defeat from a Ländle perspective which has been badly hit by injuries this fall was already 2-0 down after just under a quarter of an hour in Bischofshofen and ultimately had to return home from Salzburg after a 5-1 defeat Western League soccer could be so exciting The 16 clubs scored 33 goals in the last round alone and played matches at a high level League leaders Imst stumbled against valiant Altach Juniors with the Tyroleans now going into the winter break neck-and-neck with Austria Salzburg at the top Dornbirn secured the Ländle crown in Schwaz Hohenems won through an own goal in stoppage time who have had to pay a lot of tuition fees in the RLW so far pulled out all the stops at the end to secure their second win of the season And that's exactly what regional league soccer should be what deters many Ländle clubs from taking the (long-term) step into the third division is usually the lack of spectators and high travel costs Many players in the lower divisions who could perhaps play at a higher level are less interested in the travel costs but are more interested in the effort involved - twelve trips over the Arlberg and possibly a few additional training sessions The regional league is a stepping stone to professional soccer It should be the first goal of every (ambitious) young footballer Because our future professionals can't just come from the academy This article has been automatically translated,read the original article here Willkommen in unserer Community! Eingehende Beiträge werden geprüft und anschließend veröffentlicht. Bitte achten Sie auf Einhaltung unserer Netiquette und AGB. Für ausführliche Diskussionen steht Ihnen ebenso das krone.at-Forum zur Verfügung. Hier können Sie das Community-Team via unserer Melde- und Abhilfestelle kontaktieren In Kürze bekommen Sie eine Bestätigungs-Mail von uns You don't have permission to access this resource Page you're looking for doesn't exist Back to Home Page dynamic and innovative Media Production Company © 2025 All Rights Reserved Barbados Today Inc. | Developed by PVH Group Inc.  © 2024 All Rights Reserved Barbados Today Inc. Developed by PVH Group Inc.  We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Accept Privacy Policy