XFASTINDEX
Gateway14 Ltd has appointed Wilten Construction to build the Skills & Innovation Centre at the Gateway 14 development next to to Junction 50 of the A14 in Suffolk
The three-storey, 35,000 sq ft building, which will be owned by Mid-Suffolk District Council, will provide office space for start-up businesses and rooms for meetings and training courses
Construction is expected to start imminently
Gateway 14 Ltd is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mid-Suffolk Council
The Skills & Innovation Centre is a partnership with West Suffolk College and the Universities of Suffolk and Essex to help address the skills gaps and boost the economy within the Freeport East area
Sustainability features of the new building include a green hybrid roof
a rainwater harvesting systems and a hybrid hydronic variable refrigerant flow (VRF) heating and air conditioning system based on an air source heat pump
Jaynic senior commercial manager Joe Clarke said: ““We are pleased to have Wilten Construction on board as contractor for the Skills & Innovation Centre
We have been impressed with Wilten’s performance on Bauder’s new distribution centre at G14 and look forward to working with their team on this exciting project”
Wilten Construction director Naim Basha aid: “Having recently completed Pioneer Park at Leicester
Wilten will add great value to this scheme
and we look forward to undertaking this prestigious project.”
said: “The construction contract award and imminent groundbreaking is likely to see the skills and innovation centre open for business within 12-18 months which is great news
It has the potential to be an iconic and market-leading new centre for innovation and skills in green sectors within the eastern region and particularly for the Mid Suffolk area.”
Got a story? Email news@theconstructionindex.co.uk
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has appointed Wilten Construction to build the Skills & Innovation centre at the Gateway 14 development
Work is imminent on the £18 million three-storey centre on the scheme near J50 of the A14
that will be owned by Mid-Suffolk District Council
In partnership with West Suffolk College and the universities of Suffolk and Essex
the centre aims to address the skills gaps locally and within the local Freeport East area
and to seize opportunities around growing sectors such as the green economy and digital/AI technology
said: “We are pleased to have Wilten Construction on board as contractor for the Skills & Innovation Centre
“We have been impressed with Wilten’s performance on Bauder’s new distribution centre at G14 and look forward to working with their team on this exciting project”
said: “Wilten is delighted to have been appointed for the second time by Jaynic for the Design and Build contract for the Skills and Innovation Centre at Gateway 14
delivering on our Wilten promise and generating a repeat business relationship
“Having recently completed Pioneer Park at Leicester
and we look forward to undertaking this prestigious project that will have a positive impact on both the local economy and the community.”
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The ceremony marked the completion of earthworks and the commencement of construction of foundations
Wilten Construction has completed earthworks and begun building foundations for a trading branch for Travis Perkins
Located off James Corbett Street in Salford
the proposed 34,700 sq ft trading centre is on track for completion within its 33-week programme
the next phase will construct the shell of an industrial warehouse and shop
The £4.3m scheme has been developed to have an EPC A rating
as well as ensuring the delivery of a biodiversity net gain on the site
Travis Perkins and Wilten have partnered with agent Goodrich Consulting
Wilten Construction completed the demolition of three existing buildings on the site
along with cut-and-fill earthworks to provide suitable ground for construction
An emphasis on reusability has seen 4,000 cubic metres of material crushed and reprocessed
said: “We are pleased to partner with Wilten Construction and their associates to deliver a modern new builder’s merchant to Salford in 2025
which is why our new trading branch will feature environmentally friendly technologies such as solar panels and a heat pump
He added: “These choices demonstrate a sustained commitment to reducing our carbon footprint and supporting green initiatives at a local level.”
added: “Wilten is proud to bring this ambitious new development to life for Travis Perkins
“The project represents yet another opportunity to showcase Wilten’s commitment to sustainability
and delivering exceptional results for clients and stakeholders.”
Read our
The borough claims it has a “disproportionately high number of HMOs” and is to pursuing the introduction of measures to wrestle back control
A new 122,000 sq ft distribution facility for the wholesale food supplier and an additional 70,000 sq ft of employment space are planned at the firm’s Langley Road base
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.st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a}By Express-Times staffLinkedIn PhotoMark WiltenPPL Corp.has named Mark Wilten vice president of finance and treasurer
Wilten is currently treasurer for Nissan North America and Nissan Motor Acceptance Corporation in Franklin
reporting to chief financial officer Paul Farr
Wilten has been with Nissan since 2008 and has served as its treasurer since August of 2010
earned a degree in economics from Tufts University and a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Chicago
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Powered by Bury Free Press, Suffolk Free Press, Newmarket Journal & Haverhill Echo
Powered by Bury Free Press, Suffolk Free Press, Newmarket Journal and Haverhill Echo
Home Stowmarket Article
Construction is set to begin on a multi-million pound skills and innovation centre
Gateway14 Ltd has appointed Wilten Construction Ltd to build the centre at the Gateway 14 development near Junction 50 of the A14 at Stowmarket
Construction is expected to start imminently on the £18m three-storey centre
The 35,000sqft state-of-the-art building provides office space for high-growth start-ups
In partnership with West Suffolk College and the Universities of Suffolk and Essex
the centre aims to address the skills gaps locally and within the Freeport area
The development is being undertaken by Gateway 14 Ltd
a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mid-Suffolk Council
The building has been designed to be sustainable and to ensure a reduced carbon footprint
A green hybrid roof – green planting with PV panelling above to generate electricity for the building
Ultra High Efficacy Internal and External led lighting – with PIR/dimming controls
Main office rainwater harvesting systems – greatly reducing tenants’ water usage
A hybrid hydronic VRF heating and cooling AC system – based on an external Air Source Heat Pump
Electric Car Chargers – 20% car parking spaces will be provided with active EV car charging stations
Battery Storage – on site battery storage connected to PV system on the roof
said: ““We are pleased to have Wilten Construction on board as contractor for the Skills & Innovation Centre
and we look forward to undertaking this prestigious project that will have a positive impact on both the local economy and the community,” adds Basha
said: “The Skills and Innovation Centre will enhance the offer of Gateway 14 to other occupiers making the park
one of the key schemes in the East of England.”
said: "Freeport East is delighted to see ongoing progress with the Skills and Innovation Centre at Gateway 14
Delivery of a high-quality building with the strongest sustainability credentials is central to helping us to attract new investors to the area and ensuring they benefit from a highly skilled local workforce."
Mid Suffolk’s cabinet member for housing and property
said: “This groundbreaking project will be greatly beneficial for our entire district
It will be a hub for talented local businesses with a particular focus on the green economy
“We’re pleased to reach this latest milestone and can’t wait to see these plans come to life.”
Metrics details
Human beings can naturally learn to perform a wide variety of tasks quickly and efficiently. Examples include learning the complicated sequence of motions in order to take a slap-shot in Hockey or learning to replay the notes of a song after music class. While there are approaches to solving these different problems in fields such as machine learning, control theory, and so on, humans use a very distinct tool to solve these problems: the spiking neural network.
Using spiking neural networks to mimic dynamics with FORCE training
a The voltage trace for 5 randomly selected neurons in networks of 2000 integrate-and-fire spiking neurons
The models under consideration are the theta neuron (left)
the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron (middle)
and the Izhikevich model with spike frequency adaptation (right)
a spike was deleted (black arrow) from one of the neurons
This caused the spike train to diverge post-deletion
b A network of 2000 theta neurons (blue) was initialized in the chaotic regime and trained to mimic different oscillators (black) with FORCE training
Van der Pol in harmonic and relaxation regimes
the oscillator formed from taking the product of a pair of sinusoids with 4 Hz and 6 Hz frequencies
and the same product of sinusoids with a Gaussian additive white noise distortion with a standard deviation of 0.05
c Three networks of different integrate-and-fire neurons were initialized in the chaotic regime (left)
and trained using the FORCE method (center) to mimic a 5 Hz sinusoidal oscillator (right)
d A network of 5000 theta neurons was trained with the FORCE method to mimic the Lorenz system
RLS was used to learn the decoders using a 45 s long trajectory of the Lorenz system as a supervisor
RLS was turned off after 50 s with the resulting trajectory and chaotic attractor bearing a strong resemblance to the Lorenz system
The network attractor is shown in three different viewing planes for 50 s post training
This is partially due to the fact that the Izhikevich neuron has spike frequency adaptation which operates on a longer time scale (i.e.
The long time scale affords the reservoir a greater capability for memory
the dimensionality of the reservoir is increased by having an adaptation variable for each neuron
To summarize, for these three different neuron models, we have demonstrated that the FORCE method can be used to train a spiking network using a supervisor. The supervisor can be oscillatory, noisy, chaotic, and the training can occur in a manner that respects Dales law.
b Five randomly selected neurons in the network and their resulting dynamics after FORCE training
The voltage traces are taken at the same time as the approximant in a
c The decoders before (1 < t < 900) and after (t > 900) FORCE training
d The resulting eigenvalues for the weight matrix \(G\omega _{ij}^0 + Q\eta _i\phi _j\) before (black) and after (red) learning
Note that the onset to chaos occurs at G ≈ 103 for the Izhikevich network with the parameters we have considered
an internally generated HDTS can make FORCE training faster
and more robust to learning longer signals
We refer to these networks as having an internally generated HDTS
Using spiking neural networks for pattern storage and replay: movie replay
a Two types of networks were trained to replay an 8 s clip from a movie
both an HDTS and a replay network are simultaneously trained
The HDTS projects onto the replay network similar to how HVC neurons project onto RA neurons in the birdsong circuit
The HDTS confers an 8 Hz oscillation in the mean population activity
the network receives an HDTS supervisor that has not been trained
but is simple to manipulate and confers a 4 Hz oscillation in the mean population activity
b The HDTS consists of 64 pulses generated from the positive component of a sinusoidal oscillator with a period of 250 ms
The color of the pulses denotes its order in the temporal chain or equivalently
c The external HDTS is compressed in time which results in speeding up the replay of the movie clip
The time-averaged correlation coefficient between the teaching signal and network output is used to measure performance
d The HDTS amplitude for the network with an internal HDTS was reduced
The network was robust to decreasing the amplitude of the HDTS
e Neurons in the replay network were removed and replay performance was measured
The replay performance decreases in an approximately linear fashion with the proportion of the replay network that is removed
f The mean population activity for the replay networks under HDTS compression
The network could still replay the individual frames from the movie scene without the HDTS; however
the order of scenes was incorrect and appeared to be chaotic
the HDTS input facilitates both learning and spontaneous replay of high dimensional signals
an HDTS is necessary for encoding and replay of high dimensional natural stimuli
These movie clips can be thought of as proxies for episodic memories
Compression and reversal of the HDTS allows compressed and reversed replay of the memory proxy
the mean population activity mirrors the HDTS while at higher compression ratios (≥8×)
large synchronized events in the mean activity emerge that repeat with each movie replay
The optimal HDTS frequency mostly falls in the 8–16 Hz parameter range
we showed that we could train spiking networks to display behaviors beyond low-dimensional dynamics by altering the supervisor used to train the network
we trained a statistical classifier with a network of Izhikevich neurons that could discriminate its inputs
Extending the notion of an oscillator even further allowed us to store a complicated sequence in the form of the notes of a song
reproduce the singing behavior of songbirds
These tasks are aided by the inclusion of a high-dimensional temporal signal (HDTS) that discretizes time by segregating the neurons into assemblies
we showed that FORCE can be used to train spiking neural networks to reproduce complex spatio-temporal dynamics
This method could be used in the future to mechanically link neural activity to the complex behaviors of animals
The network of rate equations is given by the following:
Our networks consist of coupled integrate-and-fire neurons
that are one of the following three forms:
The spikes are filtered by specific synapse types
the single exponential synaptic filter is given by the following:
The primary goal of the network is to approximate the dynamics of an m-dimensional teaching signal
where P(t) is the network estimate for the inverse of the correlation matrix:
where \(\bar \omega _{ij}^0 = \sqrt N \omega _{ij}^0\) the second term can be derived as follows:
one can also use piecewise defined functions such as
The Lorenz system with the parameter ρ = 28
and B = 8/3 was used to train a network of 5000 theta neurons and is given by the equations:
and reproduced Lorenz-like trajectories and the attractor for the remaining 50 s
The network consisted of 5000 Izhikevich neurons with identical parameters as before
and Δt = 4 ms and an integration time step of 0.04 ms
The teaching signal was continually fed into the network for 900 s
corresponding to 225 repetitions of the signal
the network was simulated with RLS off for a period of 1000 s
correct replay of the song corresponded to 82% of the duration with 205 distinct
correct replays of the song within the signal
Correct replays were automatically classified by constructing a moving average error function:
To manipulate the weight matrix post training
we introduced a parameter α that allowed us to control the balance between excitation and inhibition:
The values α = 1 yield the original weight matrix
while α > 1 amplifies the excitatory connections and α < 1 diminishes the excitatory connections
DePasquale, B., Churchland, M. M. & Abbott, L. Using firing-rate dynamics to train recurrent networks of spiking model neurons. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.07620 (2016)
Enforcing balance allows local supervised learning in spiking recurrent networks
In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
Predicting non-linear dynamics: a stable local learning scheme for recurrent spiking neural networks
Alemi, A., Machens, C., Denéve, S. & Slotine, J.-J. Learning arbitrary dynamics in efficient, balanced spiking networks using local plasticity rules. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.08026 (2017)
Learning to represent signals spike by spike
Gradient descent for spiking neural networks
An overview of reservoir computing: theory
In Proceedings of the 15th European Symposium on Articial Neural Networks
Are probabilistic spiking neural networks suitable for reservoir computing
The 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks
Sorbi (eds.) Computability in Context: Computation and Logic in the Real World
Neural networks and learning machines (Pearson Upper Saddle River
in Neural Networks and Learning Machines 3rd edn
A model for real-time computation in generic neural microcircuits
Crandall, S. R. & Nick, T. A. Neural population spiking activity during singing: adult and longitudinal developmental recordings in the zebra finch. CRCNS.org http://dx.doi.org/10.6080/K0NP22C8 (2014)
Supervised Learning in Spiking Neural Networks with FORCE Training
Download references
This work was funded by the Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Post-doctoral Fellowship
and the BBSRC (BB/N013956/1 and BB/N019008/1)
we would like to especially thank the anonymous referees
Their comments and suggestions greatly improved this manuscript
performed wrote software and performed simulations
Investigation and analysis was performend by W.N
The authors declare no competing financial interests
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01827-3
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The outlet said that the Kylie Cosmetics founder
bought Frozen from breeder Stal Wilten and shipped him from the Netherlands to Los Angeles
where he's being quarantined for 14 days due to the pandemic
Wilten confirmed that Frozen had landed in Los Angeles, a trip that the Daily Mail estimated to cost Jenner between $7,000 and $10,000, in an Instagram post on Thursday
"#ThrowbackThursday goes to the most famous pony of them all
We got news he has landed in LA and is living the life with a sweet little girl named Stormi
made sure her daughter had the most precious pony out there," he wrote
according to screenshots obtained by the Daily Mail.
He's since changed the caption to exclude Jenner and Stormi's names.
people commented on how extravagant the present was for a toddler
They also pointed out how much of a difference $200,000 would make in their own lives — stating that they'd use the funds to pay off loans or debt
Jenner isn't the only member of the family to receive backlash for equestrian-related purchases
Her older sister Kim Kardashian West bragged about having 14 Friesian horses
at least one of which belongs to her 7-year-old daughter North West
We have 14 gorgeous Freesians on the ranch," Kardashian West wrote.
People called the tweet tone-deaf, especially since many workers had recently lost their jobs during the pandemic
my last apartment had 14 gorgeous mice," one Twitter user responded.
A representative for Kylie Jenner didn't immediately respond to Insider's request for comment
Andy Kocher was jubilant after he rode Carollo to the first five-star win of his career in the $500,000 Queen Elizabeth ATCO Cup on Saturday
at the Spruce Meadows tournament in Calgary
the 35-year-old rider entered the same horse in the ‘Reach for the Sun’ Derby
a social media storm broke out as Roy Wilten
who had the horse in training before Kocher
and other horsemen accused Kocher of mistreating Carollo
Now a spokesperson for the Fédération Equestre Internationale has confirmed the governing body is getting involved
while we are waiting to receive the official reports from the Foreign Judge and the Foreign Veterinary Delegate
we have proactively contacted the Officials from the event,” read the FEI statement
“We are also in touch with the athlete’s National Federation.”
Andy Kocher and Carollo jumping in the ATCO Queen Elizabeth II Cup
Equestrian Federation official confirmed the organization had been contacted by the FEI
“We are aware of the situation regarding Andy Kocher during the ‘Reach for the Sun’ Derby at the Spruce Meadows ‘North American’ Tournament CSI5* on Sunday
“Andy should have made a different decision and pulled up; he has addressed this situation personally and recognizes his error in judgment
USEF is in communication with the FEI as this was an FEI event
and we are monitoring what action the FEI may take before we make any decisions.”
said they have not been contacted by anyone from USEF or the FEI as of July 16
The FEI Code of Conduct for the Welfare of the Horse states: “Horses must be allowed [a] suitable rest period between training and competitions,” but there is no explicit rule regarding entering back-to-back five-star classes in as many days
On July 8 Kocher addressed the derby round via Facebook
“Some great horse and rider combinations won both the QE II and the Spruce Meadows Derby in the same weekend
“Carollo had never jumped those kind of fences before
and in hindsight I should have pulled him up when I felt some anxiousness from him
but I always try to complete the course both to give a horse experience and as a sportsman.”
Kocher went on to apologize to the horse’s owners and said he’d had a veterinarian examine the 10-year-old Mecklenburg gelding
“He’ll get a well deserved rest now until his next competition
and I’m looking forward to what he can accomplish next.”
who had Carollo in his Stal Wilten program in the Netherlands for six years prior to Kocher taking over the ride in 2018
remains critical of Kocher’s decision to compete in the derby and finish the course
and it was very disturbing to see that with any horse
especially one of your own horses,” Wilten said
Roy Wilten riding Carollo at his home stable in the Netherlands
There is a dispute between the Maranos and Wilten over the horse’s ownership
The Maranos say Wilten once owned a part of the horse but doesn’t anymore
while Wilten says he still owns a small share
and Carollo is registered with the USEF and FEI with Kocher as the owner
“So sad that some people don’t know when it’s enough and how to take good care of their horses after winning a big 5 * 1.60m at Spruce with 3 heavy rounds,” he wrote
I am disgusted and so should everyone else
We should all be willing to stand up for our animals
Grow a pair and stand up and share this post so this does not happen again!!”
The post has been shared almost 3,000 times with almost 2,000 comments and reactions
“I posted that because I was thinking about it and said enough is enough,” Wilten said
Michele Marano with Carollo at their home stable near Chicago
“We didn’t know the horse had been entered in the derby
and we wouldn’t have wanted him to go in the derby had we known,” Michele said
“I think Andy made a bad judgment call; I think he made a mistake
But I don’t think social media is the place to go about having this discussion.”
The derby is often a high fault class—this year 10 pairs either retired or were eliminated
and half the class had 12 faults or more—but Kocher was one of only two riders who rode the same horse in that class and the Queen Elizabeth Cup
“That class just didn’t go my way; it didn’t work for me
I had a vet look over the horse after the class
and he said he was completely healthy and sound,” Kocher said
“Many other people have jumped in both classes and done well
and if I had pulled it off people would have called me a genius
Michele questioned why there isn’t a rule against entering a horse in back-to-back classes
“I don’t know why the stewards didn’t step in after they saw my horse stumble down the bank and say
It’s time to pull up,’ ” Michele said
He had just won the biggest class of his life the day before
That’s where the FEI and the stewards needed to step in and pull him up when they saw it going badly.”
After Spruce Meadows Carollo shipped home to the Maranos’ farm near Chicago and is currently on a six-week break
Michele has been taking the opportunity to hack him
“We trotted three whole laps around the arena yesterday; that was our ride,” Michele said with a laugh
“He’s trotting around with mom at home; he’s getting his massages and magna wave; he’s happy and healthy and looks beautiful
and people are out there saying he’s being abused
Wilten said he plans to write to the FEI and his national federation asking for rule changes limiting how many classes horses can enter in a given week
“This isn’t just about Carollo,” Wilten said
“This is about all horses and changing the rules to protect all horses and make sure something like this doesn’t happen again.”
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Last week, news broke that Kylie Jenner, of Kardashian and Lip Kit fame, splashed out an alleged $200,000 on a 17-year-old pony named Frozen for her two year daughter Stormi. At least one of them is happy about that transaction…
One minute, I’m hanging out at Stal Wilten in the Netherlands, carrying teeny (yet excellent) riders over equally teeny jumps. I’m really living the life, y’know? Just doing the small pony thing, ready to win all the championships my little heart can handle.
Then the next thing I know, I’m loaded on a trailer and flown halfway across the world to meet my new owner. A child who, if I understand it correctly, wouldn’t know a proper distance if it was served to her on a solid gold platter.
I mean, obviously I knew I was for sale. (I’m a pony, not an idiot.) But I kind of figured I was headed to a home where my owners knew that a Liverpool wasn’t just a city in England, if you know what I mean.
I am Frozen, wonder pony. I have the soul of a champion. I have the athleticism, breeding and grace a 17-hand warmblood packed into a 12.1 hand body and the cute round booty to back it up. I was bred for greatness, destined to spend my best years compensating for missed distances and flapping garter-strapped legs. And I have done my job admirably—with my tiny knees pulled right up to my adorable perked ears.
And where have all my years of training gotten me? Am I galloping under show lights to the applause of a stadium full of cheering fans? Am I destined for the Pony Finals in Kentucky? Am I the shining star of a vigorous lesson program, fawned over by kids with pigtails and pockets stuffed with carrots?
No. No I am not. All my hard work has evidently earned me a one-way ticket to Leadlinesville. Population: Me.
Years spent practicing flawless automatic lead changes, wasted. Near decades of perfecting my pony ‘tude, down the drain.
Instead, I find that I’ll spend my prime years carting around someone who hasn’t even heard of a diagonal, let alone a crest release. I’ve been demoted to the ranks of a child celebrity pony, doomed to a lifetime of photo ops, only sticking around as long as I’m “on brand,” whatever the hell that means.
I mean, look at my snowy white tail for God’s sake. That’s a tail meant for a show ring, not for another Instagram selfie. (Although I have to say, I do take fabulous pics. #NoFilter).
It’s disappointing to say the least, though I suppose it could be worse. I mean, when your only job is to look cute and not bite a child in the face, it’s pretty easy to live up to expectations. And while I am nervous about this rumored name change to “Cloudi” I keep hearing about, I guess that living a life of luxury in return for occasionally being paraded around for a TikTok video isn’t all bad.
So, if you’ll excuse me, I’m off to eat my feelings in what is admittedly the best quality alfalfa I’ve ever tasted.
Hooves crossed expensive snow white ponies continue to fit with the Jenner brand aesthetic.
Volume 15 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.688517
The human brain constitutes one of the most advanced networks produced by nature
consisting of billions of neurons communicating with each other
with different communication or time-delays occurring between neurons in different brain areas
we investigate the impacts of these delays by modeling large interacting neural circuits as neural-field systems which model the bulk activity of populations of neurons
By using a Master Stability Function analysis combined with numerical simulations
we find that delays (1) may actually stabilize brain dynamics by temporarily preventing the onset to oscillatory and pathologically synchronized dynamics and (2) may enhance or diminish synchronization depending on the underlying eigenvalue spectrum of the connectivity matrix
Real eigenvalues with large magnitudes result in increased synchronizability while complex eigenvalues with large magnitudes and positive real parts yield a decrease in synchronizability in the delay vs
This result applies to networks with fixed
and was robust to networks with heterogeneous delays
where the eigenvalues are predominantly real
owing to the nearly symmetric nature of these weight matrices
This seems unusual when we consider the readily synchronizable nature of brain matter. For example, pathologically strong synchrony exists in neurological disorders such as epilepsy despite the presence of time-delays (Uhlhaas and Singer, 2006). Beyond pathological states, weakly synchronized brain areas are normal and even necessary states for the functioning of brain networks during a variety of tasks (Varela et al., 2001)
the presence of delays alone can have variable impacts on synchronization with synchronizability determined by (1) the topology of the network
synchronization could occur for chaotic or other complex solutions as in the nondelayed case
synchronization was always associated with oscillatory solutions
This general portrait of the interactions between network topology
and delays was also robust to delay heterogeneity throughout the network
we find that rich dynamics and variable synchronizability with different graph structures
To model the system we use a Wilson-Cowan network with homeostatic regulation of the inhibitory connection weight due to Vogels et al. (2011), Hellyer et al. (2016), Nicola et al. (2018), and Nicola and Campbell (2021). We introduce a time delay in the excitatory connections between the nodes (Figure 1A)
Ek is the activity of the excitatory population of neurons within the kth node
Ik is the activity of the inhibitory population in the kth node
WkEI is the homeostatically adjusted inhibitory weight of the kth node and WIE is the fixed excitatory weight of the kth node
WkjEE>0 are the (fixed) excitatory weights and ϵkj is the time delay between nodes
The function ϕ is a sigmoidal transfer function which we take to be the logistic function:
where a controls the steepness of the sigmoid
while the sigmoid itself determines the proportion of the population of neurons which is active in node k
(A) Communication delays in neural networks are caused by the non-instantaneous transmission of an action potential down an axon
The spike is initiated at the axon hilock and arrives at the terminal bouton after a period of time
(B) The primary constraints in system (Equation 1)
the row-sum of the weights normalizes to WE and all the delays are constant
(C) Randomly-coupled networks with constant delay
(D) Simulation for increasing WE (E) Phase portrait of [E(t)
I(t)] for the network after synchronization for WE = 2.25
(G) Simulated ring network with N = 8 nodes for increasing WE (H) Same as (E) except for ring topology
the parameter values were: ϵ = 0.1
which yields ϵij in the range 0.05 − 0.7
In our work, we consider two primary constraints on this system (Figure 1B)
the row-sum of the weight matrix WEE is constant:
where the parameter WE acts as the global coupling strength of the entire system
The second constraint is that the delays are homogeneous throughout the network:
However, in Figure 4 we consider the impact of heterogeneous delays by choosing the delays ϵkj value from a Beta distribution with an average of ϵ
The model (Equation 1) with the constraints (Equations 3
WsEI(t)) satisfy the equations for a single
The self-coupling arises from the analysis of the synchronous solution and is independent of whether there is self-coupling in the full model. See Supplementary Materials Section 1 for details
the synchronous solution of Equation 1 can be described by analyzing the behavior of model for a single
this model has an equilibrium solution which yields the following equilibrium solution of the full model
Analysis of the linearization of Equation 1 about this equilibrium point shows that a Hopf bifurcation occurs for a sufficiently strong global coupling strength
as a function of the excitatory-to-inhibitory coupling parameter WIE
This Hopf-bifurcation curve can be approximated via a perturbation analysis in the limit of small delays (ϵ ≪ 1, see Supplementary Materials Section 2)
the linear (local) stability of the synchronized solution (Ek,Ik,WkEI)=(Es(t),Is(t),WsEI(t)), k=1,…,N of the model (Equation 1) can be determined by studying the three dimensional linear system
where Ms1(t)=ϕ′(WEEs(t-ϵ)-WsEI(t)Is(t)) and Ms2(t)=WIEϕ′(WIEEs(t))
λ(r) is typically defined as follows
For a given r ∈ ℂ if the trivial solution of (Equation 8) asymptotically stable
If it is unstable then λ(r) > 0
A standard approach is to define λ(r) be the maximal Lyapunov exponent of the system (Equation 8)
The MSF is then used to define a region of stability in the complex plane
corresponding to all values of r for which λ(r) < 0
If all eigenvalues of WEE lie inside this region then the synchronous solution of Equation 1 is locally asymptotically stable
we remark that we primarily consider the scaled eigenvalues
rk=r^kWE for all numerical simulations and plots
thereby allowing us to compare eigenvalues on the unit circle across global coupling strengths
We use the commands ParametricNDSolveValue in Wolfram Mathematica and NDSolveValue to simulate the system (1) with homogeneous and heterogeneous delays. We used the numerical continuation package DDE-Biftool (Engelborghs et al., 2001) to compute Hopf bifurcation curves and period doubling curves for the model (Equations 5–7) in the WIE
The Master Stability Function (MSF) approach for a generic delay differential system
is performed by first discretizing the delay-differential system:
as in Farmer (1982) and Lakshmanan and Senthilkumar (2011)
This approximation is applied to the linearized system with delays (Equation 8) which reduces the original system of 3N delay differential equations to a system of 3Nm ordinary differential equations
the classical MSF approach via computing the Lyapunov exponents of the reduced variational equations is now immediately applicable as the resulting network consists of coupled ordinary differential equations
Details of the implementation can be found online (see Code Availability Statement)
The value of m = 10 discretization points was taken
we performed numerical simulations of the linear delay differential equation system (Equation 8) and tracked whether solutions decayed to zero or not
This yielded results consistent with those from the discretized DDE
However, the delay-coupled network did exhibit differences from the instantaneously coupled network, in both the synchronization and the nature of the attractors. For example, the ring network considered in Figures 1F–H would desynchronize at different parameter values (e.g.
smaller rings) in the delay-coupled case vs
the randomly-coupled networks remained synchronized for all parameter values and delay values we considered
the preliminary simulations display some link to qualitative behaviors of the instantaneous case (synchronization to the self-coupled node) but with differences in the behavior of the delayed vs
non-delayed networks for otherwise identical parameter values
(A) The Hopf bifurcation boundary for the single
estimated analytically (dashed coloured lines) via a perturbation theory and numerically (solid lines
I(t)) space for the single node for increasing values of WE
(C) The single self-coupled node undergoes period-doubling bifurcations for sufficiently small delay
(D) A period-doubling cascade is present for small delays (ϵ = 0.1
green) but not large delays (ϵ = 0.4
the single self-coupled node maintains many of the rich dynamical states of the instantaneously coupled system
for sufficiently large delay in the self-coupling
the rich-dynamical repertoire of the single node system is largely eliminated as the Hopf-bifurcation is only induced at strong coupling (WE) values
With the dynamics of the single self-coupled node largely resolved, we sought to determine how networks would synchronize to non-equilibrium (e.g., limit cycle or chaotic attractor) solutions. First, we applied the Master Stability Function approach (MSF) for the system with a constant fixed delay (Figure 3A
is a function which is evaluated at the eigenvalues of a connectivity matrix
If λ(ri) < 0 for all i = 1
then synchronized solutions are stable for any matrix with eigenvalues r1
then the synchronized solution is unstable
(A) The full Master-Stability Function (MSF) computed for WE = 2.05 and ϵ = 0.1
(B) The sign-change boundaries for the MSF for no delay (blue) and delay ϵ = 0.1 (black) with WE = 2.05 (top)
WE = 2.25 (bottom) for the full unit-circle region (left) and a zoom (right)
(C) Simulated ring networks for N = 2 (left)
N = 7 (middle) and N = 8 (right) rings with the values of WE as in (B)
This is the differential impact of the delay on the connectivity
(A) Ring network with heterogeneous delays
where each delay is drawn from a beta-distribution (see Methods) with the finite sample also renormalized to have a sample mean of ϵ = 0.1
(D) A randomly-coupled network with heterogeneous delays
I(t)] space with the eigenvalue spectrum of the sample-weight matrix drawn as an inset for randomly-coupled networks with N = 6 (left)
First, we found that for ring networks, heterogeneity in the delays does not appreciably alter the synchronization characteristics of the network for the same fixed value of the coupling strength (WE) as in the homogeneous delay network (Figures 4A–C). In fact, even the attractors themselves were minimally altered (compare Figures 3C, 4B)
but the phase relationships between the neurons will be different
A synchronized solution for the system with homogeneous delays becomes desynchronized in the system with heterogeneous delays
with the timescale of the desynchronization between neurons determined by the size of the delays
numerically we find that the MSF results are robust for this WC system even with a heterogeneous distribution of delays
so long as the system with heterogeneous delays is compared to the homogeneous system with a delay equal to the sample mean of the heterogeneous system
the shift in the Hopf-bifurcation to stronger coupling values has a secondary impact: all mixed-mode
and chaotic solutions are no longer present
we found that the impacts of a delay are dependent on the network structure
complex eigenvalues (like rings) are likely to lose stability in their synchronous solution(s) while networks with large magnitude
purely real eigenvalues are likely to gain stability in their synchronous solutions
which pushes up the global coupling strength necessary to induce oscillations
The size of delay in our study was chosen so that the ratio of the delay (ϵ) to the synaptic time constants was <1, as synaptic delays are typically in the sub-millisecond to millisecond range (Roxin et al., 2005; Ghosh et al., 2008; Deco et al., 2009)
delays in this biologically plausible range could still be large enough to induce the effects discussed above
Networks that generate larger eigenvalue distributions (e.g.
more sparsely coupled networks) are more likely to desynchronize than networks that generate smaller eigenvalue distributions (e.g.
A novel observation in our work was the influence of chaotic node behavior on synchronization
For networks with symmetric or near-symmetric coupling
a region of desychronization occurs when the nodes exhibit chaotic or irregular behavior
delays decrease the size of this region of desynchronization due to the fact that increasing the delay can destroy the chaotic behavior
If one considers coupling strengths were increasing the delay creates or preserves the chaotic behavior of the nodes then the delay can increase the size of the region of desynchronization
we always observe the ultimate loss of the chaotic solutions for sufficiently large delay
This is a subtle effect of the model setup where the type of synchronized solution that occurs depends on the coupling strength
The computer code for this study can be found on: ModelDB (https://senselab.med.yale.edu/modeldb/) Accession Number: 267010
IA-D, LC, and WN performed the numerical simulations. IA-D and SC performed the analysis. IA-D, LC, WN, and SC wrote the manuscript and Supplementary Materials
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
WN is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant
a CIHR Canada Research Chair in Computational Neuroscience
and through the Hotchkiss Brain Institute in the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary
SC is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2021.688517/full#supplementary-material
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Received: 31 March 2021; Accepted: 31 May 2021; Published: 05 July 2021
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By: Horse-Canada.com | July 15
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The post on Wilten’s Facebook page (see below) generated 1.5 thousand comments and 2.4 thousand shares and spread the hashtag #standingupforcarollo
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Fully and partially synchronized brain activity plays a key role in normal cognition and in some neurological disorders
the mechanism by which synchrony and asynchrony co-exist in a population of neurons remains elusive
have been documented only for precisely specified connectivity and network topologies
we demonstrate how chimeras can emerge in recurrent neural networks by training the networks to display chimeras with machine learning
are generically produced by recurrent neural networks with connectivity matrices only slightly perturbed from random networks
We also demonstrate that learning is robust to different biological constraints
such as the excitatory/inhibitory classification of neurons (Dale’s law)
and the sparsity of connections in neural circuits
The recurrent neural networks can also be trained to switch chimera solutions: an input pulse can trigger the neural network to switch the synchronized and the unsynchronized groups of the embedded chimera
reminiscent of uni-hemispheric sleep in a variety of animals
Our results imply that the emergence of chimeras is quite generic at the meso- and macroscale suggesting their general relevance in neuroscience
whether there are truly chimeras in the brain
how such chimeras at the macroscale arise from the underlying microscopic dynamics of the neurons
and what their general relevance in the brain is—or more generally in biological systems—are all open questions
which are based on discrete sequential states and different from the classical and continuous chimera dynamics considered here
we use the FORCE method to train a recurrent network of continuous rate neurons to output a chimera state
we demonstrate that a chimera can be embedded into a RNN
and we show that its emergence is generic and robust to different biological constraints
such as the excitatory/inhibitory classification of neurons (Dale’s law) and the sparsity of connections in neural circuits
The RNN can also be trained to switching chimera states: every time the network receives a random pulse there is a switch between the synchronized and the unsynchronized groups of the embedded chimera
A Schematic representation of the chimera state: each metronome represents an oscillator with phase θi (orange or light gray for b/w printing
synchronous group) or ϕi (purple or dark gray for b/w printing
B Diagram showing the coupling scheme of the two groups (n = 3): oscillators are coupled with strength μ within the same group and ν between groups
C Time-series of the 6 different oscillator's phases θi (orange) and ϕi (purple)
D Snapshot of phases θi and ϕi for the 6 oscillators at t = 4500
G Trajectories of the order parameter for both groups
the two-population Kuramoto network displays a chimera state which will become the supervisor for the RNN
The training is considered successful if the network alone
The RNN is a N autonomous dynamical system:
The components of η are fixed and random whereas the components of d are learned with Recursive Least Squares (RLS), which minimizes the sum-squared difference between the network output \({{{\hat{{{{{\boldsymbol{s}}}}}}}}}\), and the chimera supervisor s (see Supplementary Fig. 2)
Training is considered successful when a constant value of the matrix d allows the network to mimic the dynamics of the chimera
more neurons were required in a RNN for accurate dynamical fitting
Blue and red edges (dark and light gray for b/w printing) indicate respectively excitatory (positive) or inhibitory (negative) connections
Edge thickness represents the weight of each connection
B Fraction of the post-learning weight matrix ω1 = ω0 + ηd⊤
which respects Dale's law: an excitatory (inhibitory) neuron (columns in the plotted matrix) will only excite (inhibit) its connections
C Embedded chimera from network output subject to Dale's law
D Mean phase velocity profile for the embedded chimera (bright colors) obtained from the network output subject to Dale's law and for the supervisor (light colors)
E Order parameter trajectory for the embedded chimera (bright colors) obtained from the network output subject to Dale's law and for the supervisor (light colors)
F Schematic representation of sparsity enforcement in ω1
G Density distribution for the non-zero weights for ω0 and ω1
H Embedded chimera from network output subject to sparsity
I Mean phase velocity profile for the embedded chimera (bright colors) obtained from the network output subject to sparsity and for the supervisor (light colors)
J Order parameter trajectory for the embedded chimera (bright colors) obtained from the network output subject to sparsity and for the supervisor (light colors)
A Schematic representation of the chimera state with n = 25 in each group: each metronome represents an oscillator with phase θi (light orange or light gray for b/w printing
synchronous group) or ϕi (light purple or dark gray for b/w printing
B Embedded chimera from the network output using a larger supervisor
C Mean phase velocity profile for the embedded chimera (bright colors) obtained from the network output using a larger supervisor (light colors)
D Order parameter trajectory for the embedded chimera (bright colors) obtained from the network output using a larger supervisor (light colors)
B Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the network supervisor
Each FFT is normalized to the highest peak and plotted in a log y-scale
The three dashed vertical lines indicate the three highest frequencies (f1 = 0.021
which correspond to the frequency of the synchronized (f1) and to the frequencies of the unsynchronized groups (f1
E Principal component analysis (PCA) of the network's firing rates
the 3rd and the 5th components vs time (dark red
dark and light gray for b/w printing) of the 1rst
4th and 6th components are orthogonal phase shifts of the 1st
3rd and 6th components since both the cosine and the sine of the oscillators phases were used as supervisors
The main three frequencies can also be obtained through the FFT of the firing rates of single neurons in our RNN (Fig. 5G, H)
all three frequencies are present or only a subset of them
This implies that the individual neurons can not be generally separated into a synchronized and an unsynchronized subgroup and characteristics of the embedded chimeras can permeate the different scales
This suggests that a possible origin of chimera states in the brain is state switching of neural components: the firing rates change dynamically between low and high values and these dynamics can collectively implement a decodable embedded chimera
Next, we considered if truly macroscopic quantities somehow yielded information about the embedded chimera. To that end, the mean of the firing rates was computed with the resulting time series being highly irregular. Once again, the three main frequencies of the Kuramoto system were identified through the FFT of the spatial mean of the firing rates (Fig. 5I, J)
These results show that if a chimera is embedded into a RNN
it may be detected from observations made at the micro-scale of neurons to the macro-scale of average activities
The state of each hemisphere can change (synchronized to unsynchronized and vice-versa) due to an external perturbation (here depicted as a gray arrow)
B Embedded switching chimera from the network output: the two groups (orange and purple or light and dark gray for b/w printing) change state (synchronized to unsynchronized and vice-versa) if it receives an external pulse (gray line) otherwise it does not change the state
C Individual firing rates of the recurrent neural network before and after the pulse (gray line)
D PCA of the network's firing rates before and after the pulse
dark and light gray for b/w printing) vs time before and after the pulse (gray line)
it proves that it is the size rather than the direction/sign of the pulse what leads to a switch in the chimera state
the question how individual neurons could organize themselves such that a chimera state emerges on the macroscale—or more generally
how macroscopic chimeras can arise from the underlying dynamics in large complex networks—has remained unanswered up to now
We demonstrated that this result is robust to different biological constraints such as the excitatory/inhibitory neural classification known as Dale’s law and the sparsity of connections in a neural circuit
is that the individual neurons do not show any modular structure
suggesting that chimeras states can emerge on the macroscale even if no community structure is present
we demonstrated how the training we used is generic as the oscillators can be homogeneous and the period of the switching chimera is not tied to the period of the pulses (which were randomly applied)
a sufficiently strong pulse is enough to change the state of each population by switching between two attractors
our results collectively show that RNNs can embed chimeras
and even in the presence of relevant biological constraints
This suggests that chimeras have a general relevance in neuroscience and
The system studied in ref. 4 was used as a supervisor
It consists of two groups of n Kuramoto oscillators each
The phases of the oscillators for group 1 and group 2 are given by \({{{{{{{\boldsymbol{\theta }}}}}}}}={\{{\theta }_{i}\}}_{i = 1}^{n}\) and \({{{{{{{\boldsymbol{\phi }}}}}}}}={\{{\phi }_{i}\}}_{i = 1}^{n}\)
which are governed by the following equations:
The equations were integrated using the Euler method with an integration step of dt = 10−3
Two different metrics were used to characterize the chimera state: the order parameter and the mean phase velocity
and quantifies the synchronization of any oscillatory system with phases \({\{{\theta }_{i}\}}_{i = 1}^{n}\)
For synchronized systems ∣z∣ = 1 and for systems that are not fully synchronized
In a chimera state the oscillators of one group are complete synchronized while the other group is not synchronized
where the parameter Q scales η a N × m matrix drawn randomly and uniformly from [−1, 1]m. By increasing Q, the feedback applied to the network is strengthened. A value of Q = 1 was used for all simulations. The network output (9) is defined as
The RLS updates to d at each time step n are
where d0 = 0 and P0 = In/λ. The parameter λ controls the rate of the error30 and we set it to λ = 1
The parameter In is a N × N identity matrix
As soon as RLS algorithm is switched on the firing rates go from a chaotic to a regular dynamics (Supplementary Fig. 2C)
The FORCE method is successful if the network is able to reproduce the supervisor once RLS is off
The network under these conditions is completely autonomous
In order to train the RNN to learn the switching chimera, an external input pulse was added to Eq. (9):
where ωin is a N × N matrix drawn randomly and uniformly from [−1
which is set to c = 0 except when it randomly changes to either 10 or −10 for 100 time steps dt = 0.1 of the simulation
The inputs are configured such that two subsequent pulses with the same sign never occur
any subsequent pulse has to happen at least after a time window of 5000 time-steps
The datasets generated and analysed during the current study can be generated with the available codes
They are also available from the corresponding author(s) on reasonable request
Code is available at https://github.com/mariamasoliver/RNN_chimeras.git
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thanks the Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Cumming School of Medicine for their financial support
This work was partially supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant to J.D
This work was partially supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and a Hotchkiss Brain Institute Start-Up Funds to W.N
analyzed the results and wrote the manuscript
The authors declare no competing interests
Communications Physics thanks Fatemeh Parastesh, Kanika Bansal and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-00984-2
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Not to be outdone by Kim Kardashian’s 14 gorgeous Friesian horses
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Bauder managing directors Yvonne Higgins and John Llewellyn
plus logistics manager Ian Madgwick led the ground-breaking ceremony at the business
flanked by representatives from Gateway 14 Ltd
Bauder’s UK operational headquarters will continue to be based in Ipswich – with plans to revamp their existing facility in Landseer Road – while the new centre at Gateway 14 will become its biggest distribution location in the UK
Development of the building is by Gateway 14 Ltd
a wholly owned subsidiary of Mid Suffolk District Council
The construction contract has been awarded to Leicestershire-based Wilten Construction
to grow and strengthen our presence in the UK market
welcomes the new distribution centre to meet increasing demand
and is in line with our sustainability programme
“This is the first part of a larger plan that will also see us expand our operational base in Ipswich and create further job opportunities at both our sites.”
Gateway 14 is already home to a new 1.17m sqft distribution hub for garden and leisure retailer The Range
Bauder will be joined at Gateway 14 by Assan Panel
another manufacturer of eco-friendly construction materials
There are also plans for a new £18m skills and innovation centre on site
funded by Freeport East and Mid Suffolk District Council
offering support to cutting edge young and start-up businesses
and providing a link between education and skills to the community
Mel van der Kamp is a young athlete with a big contacts book and even bigger ambitions
the Dutch teenager has already ridden alongside big stars such as Maikel van der Vleuten thanks to his association with the famous Stal Wilten barn in the Netherlands
He's making great progress under the watchful eye of Roy Wilten
who has described the youngster as a “special” talent
After looking good in shows and training he looks to have a bright future in the sport with his No.1 Pandora
and he’s also proving a real hit on Instagram
but was adopted by Dutch parents along with his brother and sister when he was just one year old
His equestrian talent means he attends a school that specialises in sport
My older brother would ride at shows on ponies and I would follow him around
After deciding I also wanted to ride my parents got me my first pony
I learned a lot from her and also won a lot of prizes
Then I got bigger ponies and eventually I made the transition to the horses.”
What is the appeal of equestrian life for you
Mel: “The feeling I get during competitions is what attracts me to this sport
as well as working the horses in training towards the goals I set for myself and them
Being an equestrian is so much more than riding in general; the mental part of it interests me
What have been your greatest achievements to date
Mel: “Riding at Jumping Zwolle and competing at Jumping Indoors Maastricht
That was one of the first times I rode on a show with that ambiance and it gave me a very proud feeling that Pandora and I achieved these results.”
Mel: “My targets for next year are to compete at the Juniors and of course to keep improving my riding skills
I want to work to get my mindset more steady for the important shows
Sometimes it is a bit overwhelming to ride between all these amazing professional riders
In the future I would love to be considered one of them -- being able to ride as a professional and make a living out of my passion.”
Mel: “The horse I consistently ride competition is Pandora 258
She is owned by Sf equestrian and is stabled at Stal Wilten
Stal Wilten gives me the opportunity to ride several talented and experienced horses plus I also ride my own horse
I am planning to ride her in competitions too as well.”
Who have been the major influences on your career
Mel: “My parents for being there for me and bringing me to the shows and lessons
And Stal Wilten to give me the opportunity to ride these amazing horses on the shows
“Because Roy Wilten wants to invest in my riding and build my experience
I had the chance to ride with three amazing riders already: Maikel van der Vleuten
Each one of them gave me some very useful tips which I can use on shows and in my training."
Mel: “My favourite is Marcus Ehning; the way he rides his horses and how he performs in jump-offs
Tell us about your hobbies and time out of the saddle
Mel: “I like social media to share jumping photos and videos from my competitions
Stal Wilten helps me gathering some nice footage for that
and hopefully to get some sponsorship deals to help me follow my dreams
“I also like to do some other sports and to watch Netflix
The Longines FEI Jumping Nations Cup™ Youth Final 2020 will take place in Opglabbeek later this month. Watch it live on the FEI's YouTube and Facebook..
We speak to the teenager who's been taking North American Jumping by storm
Netherlands’ Maikel van der Vleuten enjoyed a brilliant victory in today’s seventh leg of the Longines FEI Jumping World Cup™ 2019/2020 Western European League at La Coruña in Spain..
Who will make the Netherlands' Jumping team for this summer's Longines FEI European Championships in Rotterdam
You Zhang is just 18 years old but has already helped China qualify for the Olympics
We celebrate Scott Brash’s Jumping mare Hello M’Lady…
We look at some top tips from US legend Beezie Madden..
We catch up with Swiss teen sensation Edouard Schmitz..
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American rider Andrew Kocher’s derby round with the 10-year-old gelding Carollo at Spruce Meadows on Sunday 7th of July
Kocher and Carollo won the 1.60m ATCO Queen Elizabeth II Cup – besting a field of 39 other horse-and-rider combinations after three tough rounds of competition
Carollo went on to jump the 1.45m derby where he finished on a score of 28 faults.
Roy Wilten – a FEI-registered former owner of Carollo – reacted on Kocher’s derby round
Wilten posted the following statement to his Facebook page
alongside a video of Kocher’s derby round and additional social media posts from Kocher’s team:
Wilten’s post quickly spread and has by now reached 2.4k shares as well as receiving 1.5k comments – most of which are not in Kocher’s favour.
Kocher himself, has posted the following to his Facebook page:
Carollo had never jumped those kind of fences before
but I always try to complete the course both to give a horse experience and as a sportsman
There’s no doubting that after his big win on Saturday
I apologize to the owners and previous owners of Carollo for making an entry mistake.
He’ll get a well deserved rest now until his next competition
and I’m looking forward to what he can accomplish next
Thank you to my owners and team for making all of this possible.”
When contacted by World of Showjumping about the incident
the FEI gave the following statement:
we have proactively contacted the Officials from the event
We are also in touch with the athlete’s National Federation.”
* According to the FEI Jumping Rules on the Code of Conduct for the Welfare of the Horse article 2
“Participation in Competition must be restricted to fit Horses and Athletes of proven competence.” Furthermore
“No Horse deemed unfit to compete may compete or continue to compete
veterinary advice must be sought whenever there is any doubt.”
© 2025 World of Showjumping - All rights reserved
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Work has begun on the first phase of a new office and workshop development in Fleckney
A ground-breaking ceremony has been held to mark the beginning of the 34-week project
which will see an initial 12,000 sq ft of commercial space created on Churchill Way with the figure rising to over 40,000 sq ft by the end of phase 2
Developer VentURe Properties Group has appointed Market Harborough-based contractor Wilten Construction to deliver the project
Jackson Purdue Lever and Assent Building Control are also involved
The scheme will be occupied by a national organisation and is expected to create “significant” employment opportunities for local people
The land was brought to market by Loughborough-based land development and property consultancy Mather Jamie
said: “This site presented an exciting opportunity for a prospective buyer looking to invest in an ideally situated development land with planning approval for a range of uses
It has been great to play our part in bringing a much-needed and exciting new development to the area.”
said: “VentURe aims to develop commercial space and residential homes across the wider Midlands region
Our Fleckney development represents a significant investment by ourselves and our occupiers and we are delighted to be working with Wilten Construction on the delivery of a development which will benefit the Leicestershire and Harborough District.”
added: “This is another fantastic ground-breaking ceremony for us and we had a great day hosting the project team on site
We have worked hard developing the scheme to meet the clients budgetary and programme expectations and to see this project taking shape on site is a proud accomplishment
We look forward to demonstrating our best-in-class service as this project progresses and building on our relationships with everyone involved to create ongoing reciprocal partnerships.”
The scheme is expected to be completed by the end of June 2023
Leicestershire based architects, IMA Architects
purpose-built gymnastics facility for Rugby Gymnastics Club
IMA has been part of a team including KAM Project Consultants and BWB
that has worked with the Gymnastics Club to realise the 19,655 square foot scheme at its new home on Kilsby Lane
IMA Architects was part of the design and delivery team consisting of main contractors, Wilten Construction and Civil and Structural Engineers
IMA oversaw the coordination of the project
said: “We have enjoyed working on this project to deliver a purpose-built gymnastic facility for a thriving club. At IMA we’re well known for our attention to detail and commercial awareness in seeing projects through to completion
and we have worked with Wilten as main contractor and the Gymnastic Club to produce a building which is both fit for purpose and financially viable
that accommodates the Gymnastics Club’s required layout.”
Construction at the site started in August 2022 and practical completion for the first phase of works was achieved on 6th February 2023
with the Gymnastics Club due to relocate to its new home in the coming weeks
Project Manager at Wilten Construction comments: “The project has resulted in a massive improvement on the Club’s previous facilities which had become inadequate for the current needs of members. The new building allows them to have more gymnasts and facilitate holding their own events and competitions.”
Rugby Gymnastics Club is a long-established Gymnastics Club in Warwickshire
which is dedicated to training young gymnasts
both boys and girls of all levels and ability from pre-school through recreational to elite standard and competitive squads
It offers children the opportunity to experience gymnastics in a safe and friendly environment with tuition provided by professional coaches
The new building will enable the Club to expand the sport into a wider community
With an estimated construction cost of £1.9m
the Club has generated the majority of the funds from the sale of its existing premises as well as various fundraising schemes and donations
It has also received circa £500,000 in funding from Sport England
Anyone interested in supporting the project with donations to help fund internal fit out and contribute to the rest of the venture is encouraged to contact the Club directly
Development Director at Rugby Gymnastics Club comments: “We are thrilled with our new home and can’t wait to fully move in
We are an ambitious club with over 1,000 members so needed an amazing facility to match our aspirations
We currently have a waiting list of 500 gymnasts
so the new facilities will allow us to approve more memberships and provide gymnastics facilities to more people in the local area.”
Director at KAM Project Consultants Ltd comments: “We are pleased to see the project come to fruition
We hope that the facilities will inspire the next generation of Team GB athletes in the future
It would be fantastic to know one of the gymnasts started their careers at the facility we had a role in creating.”
IMA is an award-winning firm of architects based in Blaby
which celebrated its 25 Anniversary last year
to now employ 18 members of staff and work with a range of FTSE 100 companies
The company is a proud Community Partner of Leicester City Football Club and a sponsorship partner of both Leicester Tigers RFC and Leicestershire County Cricket Club
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Hillary Dobbs is holed up in Harvard’s Widener Library
writing an anthropology paper on human-animal relationships
It’s a topic she knows a little something about: At 21
the daughter of erstwhile CNN commentator Lou Dobbs is the 11th-ranked show jumper in the country
excelling in a sport that requires guiding a 1,200-pound horse over hurdles six feet tall
cherub-faced Dobbs has collected wins (and nearly $1 million in prize money) at prestigious shows both in the U.S
This winter she’ll compete near Palm Beach
in hopes of qualifying for September’s World Equestrian Games
Dobbs crunches through economics and English classes Monday through Wednesday and logs plenty of calls to her twin sister
to kick off a day of practice that stretches until 11 p.m
with the aim of making it to the 2012 London Olympics
“It’ll be fun to see what happens when I don’t have to juggle the two.”
was reportedly sourced by celebrity horse breeder Stal Wilten
Lifestyle | Celebrity
is said to have been purchased through celebrity horse breeder Stal Wilten and was flown to Los Angeles from the Netherlands
A picture of the 17-year-old pony was shared on Wilten’s Instagram page
where he referred to Frozen as “the most famous pony of them all.”
Though Wilten did not name Jenner or Stormi’s father Travis Scott
he added: “We got news he has landed in L.A
and living the life with a sweet little girl
Her parents made sure their daughter had the most precious pony out there.”
made sure her daughter had the most precious pony out there
We can’t wait to see pictures of Stormi and Frozen.”
the pony was flown in last week (which is said to have cost $7-10k) and is said to be undergoing a 14-day quarantine - after which Frozen will be moved to a stable closer to Jenner’s home
Other celebrities said to have turned to Wilten’s expertise for their own horse include Kaley Cuoco
The Kardashian family is known to have a number of impressive horses to their name
with Kim Kardashian West announcing that the family owns 14 Friesian horses at her and Kanye West’s Wyoming ranch
Friesian horses are estimated to cost anywhere between $3,000 and $50,000
calling her tone deaf for ‘bragging’ about her herd of horses during the coronavirus pandemic
One user wrote in response “I’ll take Tone Deaf Celebrities During a Worldwide Pandemic for 500
in reference to the American game show Jeopardy
David Beckham’s 50th birthday bash in London 'shut down' by council over noise complaints
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the mid-box industrial and warehouse developers
has started construction of its 18-unit industrial and trade counter site in Oakham
The 3.79-acre site at Panniers Way in Oakham to the east of Leicester was granted planning consent in May by Rutland County Council
Tungsten Properties will provide 18 industrial and trade counter units between 1,000 sq ft and 9,000 sq ft and include a small amount of retail and fast food uses
The site sits within a wider masterplan of development to include new residential development and commercial uses including BP/M&S Petrol Filling Station
Construction has been celebrated with a ground breaking ceremony with representatives of Wilten Construction
The new units are due to be available from early Spring 2022
Tungsten Properties said: “Oakham has a strong market with high demand
so we’re excited to get started to build these new high spec units for local and national businesses
more than 60% of units are under offer to companies to let them
showing the strength of demand out there from businesses
We look forward to announcing the news as soon as we can.”
Reid Commercial Property and Phillips Sutton are joint letting agents
Wilten Construction is the appointed contractor
Kylie Jenner has splashed out $200,000 on a pony for her two-year-old daughter Stormi, DailyMail.com can reveal.
The grey pony hunter is named Frozen and arrived in Los Angeles from the Netherlands earlier this week.
Sources with knowledge of the deal said it would have cost between $7,000 and $10,000 to ship the pony to the US on top of the $200,000 sale price.
The 17-year-old gelding is currently in the middle of a 14-day quarantine and will be moved to a barn closer to 22-year-old Kylie’s Calabasas home when it is complete.
Breeder Stal Wilten confirmed the deal in an Instagram post on Thursday in which he referenced the Kylie Cosmetics mogul and which included a photo of Frozen.
He wrote: ‘#ThrowbackThursday goes to the most famous pony of them all, Frozen. We got news he has landed in LA and is living the life with a sweet little girl named Stormi.
‘@KylieJenner, in true fashion, made sure her daughter had the most precious pony out there.
‘We can’t wait to see pictures of Stormi and Frozen.’
At 12 hands, Frozen is large for a first pony and unusually advanced for a beginner’s ride. But a source told DailyMail.com that Wilten has previously sent ponies to LA for celebrity riders.
The source said: ‘Lots of celebrities import horses from the Wiltens or have purchased from their bloodlines – Kaley Cuoco, Jessica Springsteen and Jennifer Gates among them.’
The insider added: ‘Frozen will stay in quarantine for 14 days now so Stormi most likely doesn’t know he’s arrived yet. He’s a very famous pony for a very famous little girl.’
News of the new arrival comes at the end of a tumultuous week for the Kardashian-Jenner clan, which began on Sunday with Kanye West’s first presidential rally.
During the rally in Charleston, South Carolina, he burst into tears as he told how he and wife Kim Kardashian, 39, had considered aborting eldest daughter North, now seven.
West said: ‘In the Bible, it says, "Thou shall not kill." I remember that my girlfriend called me screaming and crying, and I was just thinking — because at that time I was a rapper I was out there, [had] different girlfriends and everything — and she said, "I'm pregnant." And I said, "Yes!" And then I said, "Uh oh".
‘She was crying… and for one month and two months and three months, we talked about her not having this child. She had the pills in her hand.’
He then claimed that a vision from God led to them going ahead with the pregnancy. West said: ‘I'm in the apartment where my wife was actually robbed, and I have my laptop up and I have all of my creative ideas, I’ve got my shoes, I’ve got my next song cover… and the screen went black and white.
‘And God said, 'If you f*** with my vision I’m gonna f*** with yours." And I called my wife and she said, "We’re gonna have this baby," and I said "We’re gonna have this child."’
West has been staying at his 4,000-acre ranch just outside the tiny Wyoming town of Cody since Sunday and has been spotted filming a music video on the ranch, as well as taking a trip to Walmart with friend Damon Dash.
But he has also been on a series of Twitter rants, accusing Kim of having an affair with rapper Meek Mill and saying he wanted a divorce.
He used another Tweet to call his mother-in-law Kris Jenner, 64, ‘Kris Jong-Un’ – a reference to the North Korean dictator.
West also said he wanted Kris and ‘that calmye’ [sic] – thought to mean her boyfriend Corey Gamble – nowhere near his children and claimed the Kardashian matriarch is refusing to take his calls.
He has also released a succession of cryptic messages insisting that none of his children will appear in Playboy magazine – unlike their mother, who has.
Kim, who is reportedly ‘devastated’ by his comments, eventually released a statement on Wednesday morning, asking for understanding for West and acknowledging his mental illness.
In it, she said her family is ‘powerless’ to help the ‘brilliant but complicated’ rapper as he struggles with bi-polar disorder.
The reality star also said 'his words sometimes do not align with his intentions' following West’s claims he has been 'trying to get divorced' from Kim since she met Meek Mill at a hotel.
She said: 'I understand Kanye is subject to criticism because he is a public figure and his actions at times can cause strong opinions and emotions.
‘He is a brilliant but complicated person who on top of the pressures of being an artist and a black man, who experienced the painful loss of his mother, and has to deal with the pressure and isolation that is heightened by his bi-polar disorder.
'Those who are close with Kanye know his heart and understand his words sometimes do not align with his intentions.'
She was photographed later the same day filming a segment for Keeping Up With The Kardashians, along with sister Khloe, 35, and her ex-boyfriend Tristan Thompson.
West remains in Wyoming and was due to release a new album called Donda after his late mother on Friday.
He eventually decided to postpone the release after arch nemesis Taylor Swift released a surprise album on Thursday night which went straight to number one on the Billboard 100.
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Kylie Jenner splashes out $200,000 on a pony for her daughter Stormi Commenting on this article has endedNewest{{#isModerationStatus}}{{moderationStatus}}
CAIMS is pleased to announce that we have two recipients for the CAIMS Doctoral Dissertation Award for 2016
Eric Foxall's thesis is an exceptionally well-written piece of work on stochastic growth models and represents numerous significant advances at the intersection of probability theory and mathematical biology
It contains a number of deep results that have already earned Foxall recognition as an emerging leader in the field
Wilten Nicola uses a creative integration of tools from different areas of applied mathematics to obtain a wide range of contributions to the study of the dynamics of large scale neural models
The work combines rigorous mathematical analysis with careful computations to provide insights into challenging applications in neuroscience
Original article from CAIMS*SCMAI E-News Volume 16
More announcements
Mathematics and Statistics University of Victoria David Turpin Building A418 deptms@uvic.ca 1-250-721-7437 More contact information
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Select a month and year to view archived news stories
AN ambitious expansion of an innovative workspace development for high-tech industries at the heart of Space City Leicester is starting to take shape
Leicester City Council is expanding its existing Dock and Dock 2 workspace hub with two new Dock-style office buildings and a terrace of high-quality manufacturing spaces
The steel frame of the first of the new buildings is now in place
with construction of the entire scheme due to be complete by spring 2024
The two new offices will provide space for up to 45 businesses across 4,000sqm
with the purpose-built industrial units providing an additional 2,000sqm of workspace across nine units
A range of energy efficiency measures will mean the new buildings will be net carbon zero
These include roof-mounted photovoltaic panels
The new buildings will require no gas heating
Twelve chargers will also be installed for electric vehicles in a new parking area
The new buildings have been designed to complement the look and feel of the original Dock workspace buildings which they are being built next to
the new buildings will become part of an expanded Dock campus
The existing Dock buildings are home to around 50 businesses
with 90 per cent of the available workspaces currently occupied
The £16.5million project is supported by £13million from the Government’s Levelling Up Fund
The Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership (LLEP) is also providing £3.5million towards the project from Enterprise Zone retained business rates
The new development is part of Space City Leicester
one of the largest and most connected Enterprise Zones for space-related activities in the UK
manufacture and development as well as non-space related knowledge economy businesses
innovative start-ups and established businesses looking for grow on space
Leicester City Mayor Sir Peter Soulsby said: “It’s fantastic to see the next chapter of our innovative workspace development for hi-tech businesses taking shape
“Space City Leicester is helping to put our city firmly on the map for research
production and manufacture in the space industry
“We’re proud to contribute to that momentum by further expanding our Dock innovation hub with three new
low carbon buildings which will help meet demand from businesses keen to locate here from the UK and overseas
The new buildings will also provide valuable grow-on space and much-needed manufacturing facilities for our local talent and high-tech entrepreneurs.”
said: "Investing in creating a sustainable ecosystem for regional businesses is at the heart of our Economic Growth Strategy
"The high occupancy rate at the existing Dock buildings gives us great confidence that dozens more exciting new businesses will move into these new energy-efficient workspaces when they open next year."
The Space City Leicester partnership includes Space Park Leicester
and the Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership (LLEP)
Space City Leicester is part of the Loughborough and Leicester Science and Innovation Enterprise Zone
Leicester City Council has appointed Leicester firm Brackley Property Developments (BPD) as its development partner for the Dock expansion project
Construction work is being carried out by county-based Wilten Construction Ltd
said: “We are delighted to be involved in the next phase of development at Space City Leicester
following our delivery of the successful Dock 2 building
These purpose-built new workspaces will promote further business growth in the region and have the potential to support many jobs.”
said: “Wilten is delighted to have been appointed as the main contractor for Docks 3
We are proud to be working with Brackley Property Developments and Leicester City Council to deliver this fantastic scheme
We’ve made great progress so far and are excited to continue delivering this project to the highest of standards.”
For enquiries about existing or new workspaces at Dock email thedock@leicester.gov.uk
from left) Amy Cooper and Brendan McGarry from the city council’s development projects team; City Mayor Peter Soulsby; Stephen Pedrick-Moyle
managing director of Brackley Property Development; Andy Reed OBE
Co-Chair of the Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership; and
Other images show artist’s impressions of how the new workspaces will look
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