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Emergency services attended two crashes on Dunedin roads within minutes of each other this morning
Hillside Rd was closed after a car crashed into a power pole
A car was also towed after a crash on the Southern Motorway
An Otago Daily Times photographer at the scene said the car crashed at the Concord off ramp of the motorway's southbound lane
Police confirmed they were called to this crash at 7.07am
They said in a statement that it appeared to be a "nose-to-tail type crash"
Five unanswered goals set up a 28-point West Coburg win against Hillside on Nelson Alexander EDFL Match of the Day
West Coburg coach Mark Micklethwait joined the crew with player of the game Dinny Cleary
Check out EDFL Podcasts in your <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6fQCmUCvppkLXckHLkEilR" target="_blank" rel="noopener">browser</a> or listen below
KK3 Residences by VAstudio explores what it means to build with sensitivity in a place where landscape
The studio embeds three individual homes directly into the rocky hillside
and native vegetation to ground the project in the character of Crete
the buildings feel like a continuation of the earth itself
sun-washed palette of the surrounding mountains
The goal wasn&rsquo;t to recreate traditional Cretan architecture but to reinterpret its essence
<a href=https://vastudio.io/ target=_blank rel=noopener>Chania-based</a> VAstudio references the solid
monastic qualities of the island&rsquo;s older structures while introducing contemporary lines
Each of the KK3 Residences is slightly different in layout
responding to the natural contours of the site
Some stretch horizontally across the slope
others rise in a more compact vertical form
What ties them together is a shared architectural language based on handcrafted finishes
and courtyards that act as transitional zones between inside and out
These are homes designed for a slower rhythm
where outdoor lounges and shaded patios become as important as the interiors themselves
Sustainability plays a quiet but crucial role in the KK3 Residences project
and natural ventilation systems of the project reduce reliance on mechanical heating and cooling
The architects at VAstudio incorporate large windows to welcome cross breezes and frame expansive views of the White Mountains and the Cretan Sea
while thick stone walls provide natural insulation
maintaining a comfortable interior temperature year-round
The landscaping is deliberately restrained
and native palms reinforcing the idea that the architecture is part of the ecosystem.&nbsp;
VAstudio embeds three individual homes directly into the rocky hillside
sustainability plays a quiet but crucial role in the KK3 Residences project
thick stone walls provide natural insulation
the landscaping is deliberately restrained
name: KK3 Residences architect:&nbsp;<a href=https://vastudio.io/ target=_blank rel=noopener>VAstudio</a> | <a href=https://www.instagram.com/vastudio_architecture/ target=_blank rel=noopener>@vastudio_architecture</a> location: Stalos
designboom has received this project from our&nbsp;<a href=https://www.designboom.com/readers-submit>DIY submissions</a>&nbsp;feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their own work for publication. see more project submissions from our readers&nbsp;<a href=https://www.designboom.com/readers/ >here.</a>
happening now! partnering with antonio citterio, AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function, but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style, context, and personal expression.
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© Ji Zhang</a>The new wood structure is completely made of 4x8 lumber that are common in local building material markets, and is quickly built in several days with skilled and proficient local construction workers. Roof material is also replaced with long resin tile that are less likely to leak. The red resin tile, along with red metal gutter, visually detach the new roof from the old wood structure. For interior space, red furniture and wood structure form warm and harmonious atmosphere.
who points out the simple yet essential core of architecture: a man in nature and the need for shelter
with only what is really necessary to build
[1] Ji Jing. A study on the traditional dwellings of the Lisu nationality in <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/nujiang">Nujiang</a>
Study on the renewal design of traditional wooden house in Nujiang Prefecture of Yunnan Province[D]
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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This event holds deep significance for the team as they unite to honour Demi Rapisarda
the late daughter of Harcourts Hillside franchise owner Costa Koulendianos
who tragically lost her life to melanoma at just 29 years old
Driven by a desire to make a difference and honour Demi&#8217;s memory
Mr Koulendianos has taken the lead in organising a dedicated team for the event
&#8220;The Melanoma March is deeply personal for our team
to melanoma at 29 years old,&#8221; Loren Khamu
Office Manager and Sales Executive at Harcourts Hillside said
She leaves behind her husband and a five-month-old baby boy.&#8221;
&#8220;Costa is organising his own team for the Melanoma March at Rodd Park
with the main goal of raising funds for the Melanoma Institute in Demi&#8217;s honour.&#8221;
Melanoma is the most common cancer affecting Australians aged 20 to 39
It is estimated 1300 Australians will die from melanoma this year
The Melanoma March is a nationwide campaign that seeks to raise awareness and vital funds for melanoma research
Harcourts CEO Katrina Tarrant expressed her support for the event and the team&#8217;s participation
&#8220;Demi&#8217;s passing was absolutely heartbreaking
and her story is a tragic reminder of the devastating toll melanoma takes on young Australians,&#8221; Ms Tarrant said
and we must do everything we can to raise awareness and funds for research
I&#8217;ll be lacing up my running shoes alongside our Harcourts Hillside team to support this incredible cause.&#8221;
&#8220;We march in honour of Demi and in hope for a future where no family has to endure this kind of loss.&#8221;
This marks the first time the Harcourts Hillside office will participate in the March
with all funds raised going directly to the Melanoma Institute Australia
The MIA is a leading non-profit organisation committed to the goal of zero deaths from melanoma—an achievement it believes is possible this decade through ground-breaking research
Harcourts Hillside invites the local community to join them on this meaningful day
whether through participation or donations
to support a cause that has touched their team on a deeply personal level
<a href="https://eliteagent.com/news-sitemap/">News Sitemap</a>
Detectives have released CCTV footage as part of an investigation into an aggravated burglary where a man was threatened with a firearm in Hillside last year
It is understood five male offenders approached a house on Antionetta Way just after 2am on December 30
Police were told one of the men climbed over a fence
smashed a glass door and entered the property
a 49-year-old woman and a 15-year-old boy were inside at the time
The 50-year-old man was woken by the disturbance and confronted the offender
who was standing in the hallway holding a firearm
A short time later the victim opened the front door of the property
where he was confronted by another offender who was holding a handgun
Detectives were told he threatened the occupant and held the gun towards his head
The five offenders then fled in two get-away vehicles which were parked nearby on Catherine Drive
believed to be a distinctive white Smart Car and a silver sedan
which were seen in the area just before and immediately after the  incident
Investigators have also released CCTV and images of two males they believe may be able to assist with their inquiries
Anyone who witnessed the incident, with dashcam/CCTV footage or information is urged to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or submit a confidential report online at <a href="http://www.crimestoppersvic.com.au" class="autohyperlink">www.crimestoppersvic.com.au</a>
The 2025 season is just around the corner so EDFL Media will be previewing each club heading into Round One
we chat to Hillside coach Blaise Ferraro who provides some insights on their 2025 campaign
"We were a very defensively minded team last year so we're looking to open up the game a little more and get more aggressive with our ball movement
most of the pre-season so far has been spent working on that."
"Annie Wilkie and Ash Thorneycroft look set to have huge seasons
Brooke Kerrigan moving forward will be a problem to deal with
"Kiara Rigg is one of our younger players in her second season at senior level and has had a big pre-season
so I'm looking forward to seeing how that translates into gameday."
"We're looking to build on last year's efforts and experiences and keep our consistency up throughout the season."
Player most likely to become a coach one day
Beejay Johnson and Yara Taylor are already doing it
Push competitiveness and be happy but not satisfied
It was a dominant 2024 season for the Sharks who dropped just one game on their way to the minor premiership
Although finals didn't pan out the way they would've liked
they'll still be in contention at the top end of the ladder in 2025
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we chat to Hillside coach Mo Kaakour who provides some insights on their 2025 campaign
"We've had two main focuses over the pre-season
One is defending and making the ground small when the opposition has it
Second one is challenging the opposition when we have ball in hand
"Introducing grid games have really helped with educating players around these two focuses."
"We've been specific in what we've wanted to bring into the club
We thought we had a competitive list last season until we had a couple of season-ending injuries to two of our key players
They both come back this season fully fit and are like recruits
so we went out and targeted a couple of players with leg speed to complement our existing list."
"We're expecting continued improvement from our list
We got some much needed game time into our kids last season and on the back of that
the growth and educating of our kids will determine the club's success."
"We were able to get away on camp to Portsea in early February
There was great buy in from the group with close to 50 attending
The lads worked really hard and were able to connect both on the track and off it."
"Our goal for season 2025 is to continue to develop
and get better each time we hit the training track
We want to be competitive in every game we play
"Finishing third with a double chance last season was great
We are so grateful for all she does for us
Who’s one opposition player you’d love on your side
What match are you most looking forward to in 2025 and why
It was Hillside's highest-win season in Division One
picking up 13 wins to finish third to take the double chance
The Sharks were unable to make a splash in the finals and will be led by 2024 assistant and no stranger to this division
There has been minimal list turnover which would suggest the Sharks are well in contention to perform as well in 2025
Ladder Prediction: Double chance territory
A new Woolworths supermarket opened on Thursday March 20 in Hillside
offering a brand new shopping experience for the local Banchory Grove community
The 2,600 sqm store brings exciting new innovation for local shoppers and welcomes over 40 new members to a team of over 150
The Woolworths Banchory Grove store is located on the corner of Melton Highway and Banchory Avenue and has opened along with 20 speciality stores
customers will be able to choose from an extensive range of fruit and vegetables
as well as 100 per cent Australian meat from Aussie farmers and a great variety of fresh
A key feature of the new store is the full production bakery
offering stone baked breads made from Australian wheat flour
with sweet treats and pastries on shelves every day
A large Macro Wholefoods market range and a dedicated offering of plant-based protein can also be found in store
customers will also find an array of gourmet and international groceries across the fresh
frozen and grocery departments in the store
Woolworths Banchory Grove offers a convenient shopping option for customers through its Direct to Boot service
Customers place their grocery orders online and have store team members pick their order and then place it directly in the customer’s boot
There’s also electronic ticketing throughout the store to reduce waste and share the
who has been part of the Woolworths team for 36 years
said “We’re incredibly excited to open this brand new Woolworths in Banchory Grove
introducing new and exciting ways for customers to shop
We’re sure that Hillside locals will find the convenience they are looking for at our brand new store
solutions and meal ideas on offer for the whole family
“Over 40 members of our team have just joined Woolworths in recent weeks
and it was great to work with the wider team in opening the store last week
We have had a great response from local customers since opening the doors”
Woolworths Banchory Grove is located at 1 – 15 Banchory Avenue in Hillside and is open 7am to 10pm
Best bets and suggested quaddie numbers for midweek racing at <a class="taggedLink" href="https://www.punters.com.au/tracks/sandown-hillside_20/" >Sandown Hillside</a> on Wednesday, March 5.
Share on FacebookShare on X (formerly Twitter)Share on PinterestShare on LinkedInMYRTLE BEACH, S.C. (WMBF) - Authorities said they are investigating the death of a woman in the North Strand.
North Myrtle Beach police officer Pat Wilkinson said that around 8 p.m. Saturday night, officers responded to Hillside Drive.
He said the Criminal Investigation Department is currently investigating and that there is no threat to the community.
This is all the information we have at this time, and we are working to learn more.
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A man stabbed to death in Melbourne’s north-west has been remembered as “the clown of the party” who always looked out for his siblings
died outside his Hillside home about 7am on Friday in what police said was an act of family violence
Police later shot Di Falco’s 32-year-old stepson
the 61-year-old victim of a stabbing in Hillside on Friday
Homicide squad Detective Inspector Dean Thomas said first responders tried to revive Di Falco
who was found critically injured on his front lawn
and then heard a woman scream inside his Chris Court house
Officers went to investigate and were confronted by a man aged in his 30s – a stepson of the deceased
before police retreated out the front door while a 27-year-old woman inside – who was heavily pregnant – went out the backdoor
Despite attempts to negotiate with the armed man
stabbed a police car tyre and “advanced on one of our members”
Police shot the man in the lower body and took him into custody
Di Falco was the second-born male in a tight-knit Italian family of five siblings from North Sunshine
“We’ve grown up with Tony only ever knowing him as the clown of the party,” she told The Age
“He was one of those guys who was always making fun or a joke [and] everybody laughs
he was always taking a leader role looking out for his siblings.”
A man in his 30s is in custody following a fatal stabbing in Hillside on Friday morningCredit: AAPIMAGE
Detective Inspector Thomas said the stepson – who was known to police – was not living at the Hillside property and “showed up unannounced” on Friday morning
“We believe all parties were known to each other
and we are treating this as a family violence incident,” he said
Thomas said he had seen the officers’ body-cam footage and it “appeared [they] have done everything they could” to defuse the situation
Di Falco’s 27-year-old pregnant daughter was taken to hospital for observation
the man who police allege confronted officers was in a critical but stable condition at the Royal Melbourne Hospital
Homicide squad detectives will examine the 61-year-old man’s death
while the armed crime squad will investigate the confrontation with the stepson with oversight by Victoria Police’s Professional Standards Command
as per protocol when a police firearm is discharged
Anyone with information is urged to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or submit a confidential report online at <a href="http://www.crimestoppersvic.com.au/">www.crimestoppersvic.com.au</a>
Our Breaking News Alert will notify you of significant breaking news when it happens. <a href="/link/follow-20170101-p56yl1">Get it here.</a>
A man stabbed to death in Melbourne\\u2019s north-west has been remembered as \\u201Cthe clown of the party\\u201D who always looked out for his siblings
Police later shot Di Falco\\u2019s 32-year-old stepson
Officers went to investigate and were confronted by a man aged in his 30s \\u2013 a stepson of the deceased
police said \\u2013 who was armed with a knife
before police retreated out the front door while a 27-year-old woman inside \\u2013 who was heavily pregnant \\u2013 went out the backdoor
stabbed a police car tyre and \\u201Cadvanced on one of our members\\u201D
\\u201CWe\\u2019ve grown up with Tony only ever knowing him as the clown of the party,\\u201D she told The Age
\\u201CHe was one of those guys who was always making fun or a joke [and] everybody laughs
he was always taking a leader role looking out for his siblings.\\u201D
Detective Inspector Thomas said the stepson \\u2013 who was known to police \\u2013 was not living at the Hillside property and \\u201Cshowed up unannounced\\u201D on Friday morning
\\u201CWe believe all parties were known to each other
and we are treating this as a family violence incident,\\u201D he said
Thomas said he had seen the officers\\u2019 body-cam footage and it \\u201Cappeared [they] have done everything they could\\u201D to defuse the situation
Di Falco\\u2019s 27-year-old pregnant daughter was taken to hospital for observation
Homicide squad detectives will examine the 61-year-old man\\u2019s death
while the armed crime squad will investigate the confrontation with the stepson with oversight by Victoria Police\\u2019s Professional Standards Command
Anyone with information is urged to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or submit a confidential report online at 
Our Breaking News Alert will notify you of significant breaking news when it happens
Victorian form man Cameron Happ is keen on the prospects of three runners at the Sandown-Hillside meeting on Wednesday
<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/form-guide/horse-racing/sandownhillside-20250312/all-races\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here</a> for the Sandown-Hillside fields
<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/horse/miss-alexis-aus\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">MISS ALEXIS</a> (Race 1 No 10) – Watch for a big spike from this daughter of superstar mare Jameeka in the care of Ciaron Maher
She went super on debut on the big track at Pakenham when hitting the line hard and then jumped to the mile at The Valley and I think it's a total forgive run as she got too far out of her ground and just didn't handle the tight track
I'd expect her to race much closer from the good gate and she finds a winnable race
<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/horse/mckeyla-aus\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">MCKEYLA</a> (Race 4 No 5) – This Robbie Griffiths-trained mare is flying this preperstion and she hasn't had a great deal of luck
She won her maiden first-up from a spell and you can argue with more luck she could easily have won either of her next two starts with things going against her when not beaten far
She then took on a much stronger race up the straight and wasn't beaten far
Drawn for the right run somewhere around midfield
<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/horse/our-queen-ire\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">OUR QUEEN</a> (Race 8 No 9) – There's black odds available early and I think that's a good gamble on a mare going onto better races than this
She won a strong maiden on debut before a spell and backed that up with a relatively easy win first-up from a spell on the Lakeside track when leading throughout
she was only found out in the last few strides in a super tight finish and the drop to 1500m looks ideal
Rock hard fit and not a lot of speed on paper
<a href="https://www.racenet.com.au/form-guide/horse-racing/sandownhillside-20250312/all-races" target="_self" rel="noopener">Click here</a> for the Sandown-Hillside fields
■ ■ ■ ■ ■  Become a member to get the full story
Hong Kong superstar Ka Ying Rising will have two runs in Sydney this Spring
Edward Cummings has found the perfect race for Cathedral Cove to post a well-earned first win when he heads to Kembla for a third time on Tuesday
Racing commentator Richard Callander writes exclusively each week for Racenet
Godolphin achieved a historic northern hemisphere clean sweep of four prestigious three-year-old classics including the Kentucky Derby over the weekend
Form analyst Greg Polson provides his race-by-race tips and rated prices for Monday’s meeting at  Gunnedah
Brad Waters has run the eye over Saturday’s meeting at Caulfield
finding five horses to follow and a few to forgive from the nine-race card
A $17 chance could make a winning return while a class drop could help a Flemington-trained filly break through for a win at Kilmore on Monday
Godolphin have won their first Kentucky Derby after Sovereignty was too good in the 151st edition of the USA’s biggest horse race
The locals won The Archer last year and trainer Nick Walsh is determined to keep the trophy in Rockhampton again with his sprinter Hell
Racenet iQ’s Greg Polson previews racing at Newcastle and Hawkesbury on Saturday
A Hillside man is in hospital after being hit by a car and left left unconscious on the road in St Albans
Police believe the 41-year-old was hit by a white sedan on Main Road East  between Branston Road and Wahgunyah Drive about 4.11am on Tuesday
He was located by another driver with serious injuries and emergency services were called
The man was taken to hospital where he is in a critical but stable condition
It is believed the vehicle may have damage to the front right bumper
Officers are also appealing for anyone who may have witnessed the collision or motorists in the area at the time with dash cam in their vehicles to come forward
Information to Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or  <a href="http://www.crimestoppersvic.com.au" class="autohyperlink">www.crimestoppersvic.com.au</a>
It looks like nothing was found at this location
St Albans are heading to the prelim after an emphatic 52-point victory over Hillside on Nena and Pasadena EDFL Match of the Day
St Albans coach Zammy Muhtari joined the crew with player of the game Brandon Coletta
Racenet's Victorian form analyst Cameron Happ presents his best bets for Wednesday's eight-race card at <a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/tracks/vic/sandown-hillside\">Sandown-Hillside</a>
Cam is keen early and late in the program and he'll also be watching for a betting move at odds for a <a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/trainer/ciaron-maher\">Ciaron Maher</a>-trained gelding
<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/horse/king-zephyr-aus\">KING ZEPHYR</a> (<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/form-guide/horse-racing/sandownhillside-20250305/sportsbet-race-replays-bm64-race-8/overview\">Race 8</a> No.2): Lightly raced four-year-old that to date has only had the one run in each of three preps – and the patience of the <a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/trainer/grahame-begg\">Grahame Begg</a> stable looks set to pay off
he gave away a decent start when going back to last before steaming home to put a space on them late in the race
but to offset that he's going to race a bit closer doing no work in the run
Racenet's Victorian form analyst Cameron Happ presents his best bets for Wednesday's eight-race card at <a href="https://www.racenet.com.au/tracks/vic/sandown-hillside">Sandown-Hillside</a>
Cam is keen early and late in the program and he'll also be watching for a betting move at odds for a <a href="https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/trainer/ciaron-maher">Ciaron Maher</a>-trained gelding
A luxury mansion has sold after four years on the market
for a record-shattering $11 million price tag
is known as ‘Stonelea’: designed as a large-scale retreat
build into the ridge line of the Queensland mountain
The home sold for $11 million in a record sale for the suburb
The house previously had a $15 million price tag
and had traded several agents in searching for the right buyer
Previously on the market with a price tag of $15 million and above
the home had been listed with several different agents over the years
with negotiations following the proceedings
the home was put under contract for a price understood to be $11 million
The previous known record for a home in Cooroy Mountain was set in September last year
when a property at 146 Solar Road sold for $10m
Agents from Century 21 representing the home declined to comment on the sale
stretching out to the Pacific Ocean in the east
winding driveway leads to the mansion through landscaped lawns
The house itself has five bedrooms and five bathrooms
and an open plan designed to encourage natural light across its six-metre high rooms
With a dual-sided fireplace for indoor-outdoor entertainment
a subterranean media room and a dressing room in the master suite that’s 140 sqm large
the house is a huge luxury home designed for those who can spend a premium price
told The Local Project the home felt intrinsically tied into the mountain while they were living there
“The scale of the house was quite mind-blowing
it was this magnificent caring home; and it had a very strong
Previous vendors described the house as if it belonged with the mountain
The view of the property stretches through the Noosa Hinterlands and out to the Pacific Ocean
Its sale beats the previous known sale record in Cooroy Mountain by $1 million
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Australia’s &#8220;largest shovel-ready copper project&#8221; is set to have a new owner with MACH Metals Australia set to purchase all remaining shares in Rex Minerals
located 12km south of Ardrossan in South Australia
The project currently contains a mineral resource of 1.9 million tonnes of copper and 1.5 million ounces of gold
In an offer valued at approximately $393 million
MACH will acquire all of the shares in Rex that it does not already own
The Rex board is unanimously recommending the transaction
“The transaction provides certainty of value and a significant premium representing a 98 per cent uplift relative to Rex’s 90-day VWAP (volume-weighted average price), as well as the opportunity for Rex shareholders to realise their investment at a 10-year historical share price high,” Rex chief executive officer Richard Laufmann <a href="https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20240708/pdf/065cd6cnf96yxh.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a>
“The transaction also represents a more certain outcome for wider stakeholders in Hillside
the South Australian Government and Rex employees who will benefit from the significant financial strength and proven track record of MACH to deliver the successful development of Hillside.”
MACH managing director Ferdian Purnamasidi expressed his excitement about the acquisition
“We are excited to acquire and continue the development of the Hillside project
which aligns with our strategy to diversify our asset portfolio,” Purnamasidi said
“Our strong focus on copper is critical to the energy transition process
We remain committed to advancing the excellent work undertaken by Rex on the Yorke Peninsula
including supporting the local workforce and the broader Yorke Peninsula community throughout the ownership transition.”
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A man was stabbed to death in Hillside early on Friday morning
Emergency services were called to reports that a man had been stabbed at a Chris Court address about 6.50am on Friday October 4
When police arrived they located a male on the front lawn of the property
The officers attempted CPR but the man died at the scene
Police were then confronted by another man armed with an edged weapon
Police attempted to negotiate with the man before he advanced toward them
Officers discharged a firearm and the male was struck to the lower body
He was taken to hospital under police guard in a critical but stable condition
A female occupant of the address who witnessed the incident was taken to hospital as a precaution
Police are not looking for anyone else in relation to this incident
and it is believed those involved were known to each other
Homicide Squad detectives will investigate the death of the yet to be formally identified male
Armed Crime Squad will investigate the firearm incident with oversighted by Professional Standards Command
Anyone with information can contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or at <a href="http://www.crimestoppersvic.com.au" class="autohyperlink">www.crimestoppersvic.com.au</a>
An alleged domestic dispute between a stepfather and his stepson has ended with one dead and another fighting for life after being shot by police
Police were called to a Chris Court home in Hillside, west of <a target="_blank" href="/news/melbourne/index.html" id="mol-8c031a50-81fc-11ef-aa9a-7355dd697fea" class="class">Melbourne</a>
about 6.50am on Friday following reports a man had been stabbed
A 61-year-old man was found on the front lawn of the home with critical injuries when police arrived on the scene
Officers said they then heard a scream from inside the home, where they were allegedly confronted by a man with a knife, who advanced towards them after failed negotiations, <a target="_blank" class="class" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/hillside-man-shot-by-police-after-fatal-stabbing-in-melbournes-north-west/56fe744f-19d4-404a-b17c-55de2464fea4">9News</a> reported
was taken to Royal Melbourne Hospital under police guard and remains in a critical but stable condition with lower body injuries
believed to be the sister of the man shot by police
called triple zero when he turned up unannounced at the home and an altercation broke out between the two men
was taken to hospital for observation as a precaution
Officers attempted CPR on the 61-year old but he died at the scene
Police allege they were then confronted by the younger man with an edged weapon
Despite attempts at negotiations, the man ran outside and allegedly stabbed a police car tyre and 'advanced towards one of the officers', <a target="_blank" class="class" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/police-shoot-man-following-hillside-fatal-stabbing-20241004-p5kfx4.html">The Age</a> reported
Detective Inspector Dean Thomas told reporters police were not looking for any other suspects in relation to the tragedy
'We believe all parties were known to each other and we are treating this as a family violence incident,' he said
Mr Thomas said the stepson was not living at the Hillside property and had 'showed up unannounced' on Friday morning
Inspector Thomas said he had seen the officers’ bodycam footage and he was satisfied the officers had 'done everything they could' to defuse the situation
Family members of the deceased told reporters at the scene the incident had been a result of a tragic domestic dispute
Homicide squad detectives remain at the scene
which has been taped off as they examine the area for clues
Police have urged anyone with information to come forward
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FEDL (Far East Design Lab.) unveils Wind Reave, a hybrid <a href=https://www.designboom.com/tag/residential-architecture-interiors/ >living</a> and <a href=https://www.designboom.com/tag/where-people-work/ >working</a> space designed to balance daily life with moments of escape in Kanagawa, <a href=https://www.designboom.com/tag/architecture-in-japan/ >Japan</a>
the residence takes advantage of the panoramic sea and mountain views
The project redefines the traditional workplace and vacation home by offering a flexible environment where work
Designed to accommodate professional and personal activities, Wind Reave incorporates a dedicated study for focused work, adaptable spaces for family gatherings, and a setting conducive to outdoor hobbies such as cycling, golf, and hiking. The architecture prioritizes a fluid transition between routine and nonroutine, fostering a resort-like ambiance without compromising everyday conveniences. Local Komatsu <a href=https://www.designboom.com/tag/marble-and-stone-design/ >stone</a>
was used for retaining walls at the base of the slope
while plantings soften the boundary between built and natural elements
The<a href=https://fedl.jp target=_blank rel=noopener> Japanese design team</a> of FEDL designed the roof to follow the contours of the hillside
Thoughtful control of visual perspectives adds to the living experience&mdash;while the second-floor terrace and living-dining area capture expansive views of the surrounding scenery
and bedroom maintain a sense of privacy through carefully framed outlooks
fosters concentration with its serene atmosphere
offering glimpses of the distant landscape beyond the immediate greenery
Wind Reave responds to its mild climate with a structure that embraces sunlight and ventilation
As remote work reshapes contemporary living patterns
the project emerges as a retreat for a client transitioning to a dual-location lifestyle.&nbsp;
FEDL unveils a hybrid space designed to balance daily life with moments of escape
local Komatsu stone was used for retaining walls at the base of the slope
the project revisits the traditional workplace and vacation home
designed to accommodate professional and personal activities
the architecture prioritizes a fluid transition between routine and nonroutine
the roof follows the contours of the hillside
name:&nbsp;Wind Reave architect:&nbsp;<a href=https://fedl.jp target=_blank rel=noopener>FEDL (Far East Design Lab.)</a> | <a href=https://www.instagram.com/fedl_architecture/ target=_blank rel=noopener>@fedl_architecture</a> location: Kanagawa
Sato Ami  design facilitation: Tomoko Ihara  structural engineer: Ken Nagasaka Engineering Network  landscape: Niwasou
AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function
but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style
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<a href="https://www.fireengineering.com" class="crumb-home">Home</a>/<a href="https://www.fireengineering.com/technical-rescue/" class="crumb-parent-category">Technical Rescue</a>/<a href="https://www.fireengineering.com/technical-rescue/rope-rescue/" class="crumb-primary-category">Rope Rescue</a>
Daniella Segura &#8211; The Bradenton Herald
An off-road motorcyclist exploring a mountain pass plunged 100 feet down a hillside,&nbsp;California&nbsp;rescuers said
San Bernardino County Fire Protection District&nbsp;crews responded to a report of a motorcycle accident a mile off&nbsp;Cleghorn Trail&nbsp;in&nbsp;Cajon Pass&nbsp;the afternoon of&nbsp;Saturday
Rescuers said they initially requested a helicopter to hoist the motorcyclist from the area; however
the request was canceled because of “nearby power lines and high winds.”
Given the “challenging terrain and distance from the roadway,” rescuers said they called in help from their search and rescue team
Fire crews created “a rope rescue system” to raise the rider back to the road
Motorcycle Rider Rescued After Off-Road Accident Near Cleghorn Trail
Cajon Pass, CA — Yesterday afternoon,&nbsp;San Bernardino County Fire Protection District&nbsp;crews responded to a traffic collision involving a motorcycle approximately half a mile off of the&nbsp;Cleghorn Trail, in the…&nbsp;<a href="http://pic.twitter.com/FIOAr1hegC">pic.twitter.com/FIOAr1hegC</a>
—&nbsp;San Bernardino County&nbsp;Fire (@SBCOUNTYFIRE)&nbsp;April 28
A video shared by rescuers shows crews hooking equipment to a truck before slowly carrying it down the hillside
rescuers prep the motorcyclist in a litter and carry them up the hillside as crews from higher ground above help reel the equipment up
who was left with moderate injuries from the 100-foot fall
was taken to a nearby trauma center by ambulance
between the&nbsp;San Bernardino Mountains&nbsp;and&nbsp;San Gabriel Mountains
is about a 65-mile drive northeast from&nbsp;Los Angeles
© 2025 The Bradenton Herald (Bradenton, Fla.). Visit&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bradenton.com/">www.bradenton.com</a>. Distributed by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tribunecontentagency.com/">Tribune Content Agency, LLC.</a>
As hiker Jessica Dart embraced the exhausted 23-year-old in front of her
It was Wednesday afternoon and Dart was in the early stages of an overnight trek climbing Mount Kosciuszko with her cousin Joshua Dart and friend James Clark when they heard yelling in the distance
Hadi Nazari (centre) was found by hikers near Blue Lake in Kosciuszko National Park on Wednesday
The trio had just reached a lookout near Blue Lake in Kosciuszko National Park and were taking photos of the sprawling view in front of them when they spotted a speck in the distance
The small dot was clambering up the steep ridge towards them
Jessica Dart recounts her experience after finding missing hiker Hadi Nazari.Credit: Marta Pascual Juanola
the speck slowly became a face Dart recognised from a sign she had seen that morning at one of the national park’s offices
It was missing Melbourne student Hadi Nazari
I’ve been out here for seven days’,” Dart said
I showed him my phone with the date and his face just dropped
who was found some 10 kilometres from where he had last been seen
“We sort of sat down on the mountain there
and he just … collapses into Jess’ arms in tears,” Joshua Dart said
Nazari with rescue personnel in the helicopter that winched him to safety.Credit: NSW Police
Joshua called triple zero and within 20 minutes Nazari was being winched into a helicopter
he called his family on someone else’s phone
He said Nazari – who had survived on foraged berries and two muesli bars – was in good spirits and cracked jokes
then shook everyone’s hand before he was winched out by helicopter
Nazari issued a statement on Thursday afternoon
saying: “I would like to thank all of the emergency services personnel for their tireless work searching for 13 days in tough conditions to locate me
“I would also like to thank members of the public
family and friends for their well-wishes and prayers.”
After a tearful reunion with loved ones at the emergency command centre in Geehi
Nazari was taken by ambulance to Cooma Hospital
His sister Zahra Nazari said on Thursday that the hikers who found her brother were “angels sent from the sky”
speaks to the media outside Cooma Hospital on Thursday.Credit: AAP
He might stay there for a couple of days,” she said
“I stand before you today with a heart full of relief
gratitude and profound appreciation for remarkable work done by the search and rescue team to find my brother.”
Nazari’s cousin Hussain Ali said the 23-year-old was grateful to God he was safe and sound
“He had a sandwich last night and a few Powerades
Nazari had blisters on his feet that meant he could not walk and a few minor scratches
The 23-year-old planned to rest for a couple of weeks once he returned to Melbourne
he was keen to go for another hike and I was like
Nazari went missing on December 26 after he separated from two friends to take some photos as they descended the Hannels Spur Trail in the NSW park
at the tail end of a multi-day trek near Australia’s highest mountain
His disappearance sparked a search involving more than 300 people
Nazari reported seeing helicopters flying overhead as rescuers scoured the bushland
but they could not spot him in the dense terrain
He managed to shelter from the elements using a tent and spent a couple of nights at the Opera House Hut
a remote stone hut at the base of Lady Northcote Canyon only accessible through a rock scamble down a ridge and a scrub bash from Olsen’s Lookout
Jess Dart said it was baffling that Nazari had been able to make it through so many nights
“Last night I was wearing so many layers and shivering
He told us he had no tent for at least a few nights … But even with a tent
down jacket and all of the gear I was shivering all night.”
deputy commissioner of volunteer organisation VRA Rescue NSW
said people underestimated the danger of Australia’s alpine conditions
which could be compared to those in Canada and Alaska
“It’s really hard to work out where you are once you’re in there
and it’s so dense on those western faces,” Ryder said
“You would have the headaches that go with not being sufficiently hydrated
you’d have high levels of anxiety and fear
and you’d have confusion just because you don’t know where you are.”
Hiking guide Keith Scott has traversed the Hannels Spur trail – where Nazari went missing – dozens of times
and said it was always worth carrying emergency communication equipment
So it just means that energy reserves [get] used up pretty quickly when you’re trying to push your way through,” Scott said
you really do need to be carrying an emergency beacon and preferably a GPS.”
The Morning Edition newsletter is our guide to the day’s most important and interesting stories, analysis and insights. <a href="https://www.theage.com.au/link/follow-20170101-p57ogt">Sign up here</a>
\\u201CIs that a person?\\u201D Jessica Dart
please don\\u2019t leave,\\u201D the person pleaded
the speck slowly became a face Dart recognised from a sign she had seen that morning at one of the national park\\u2019s offices
\\u2018I haven\\u2019t eaten in seven days
I\\u2019ve been out here for seven days\\u2019,\\u201D Dart said
\\u2018What\\u2019s your name?\\u2019 and he said \\u2018Hadi\\u2019
\\u201CWe sort of sat down on the mountain there
and he just \\u2026 collapses into Jess\\u2019 arms in tears,\\u201D Joshua Dart said
he called his family on someone else\\u2019s phone
He said Nazari \\u2013 who had survived on foraged berries and two muesli bars \\u2013 was in good spirits and cracked jokes
then shook everyone\\u2019s hand before he was winched out by helicopter
saying: \\u201CI would like to thank all of the emergency services personnel for their tireless work searching for 13 days in tough conditions to locate me
\\u201CI would also like to thank members of the public
family and friends for their well-wishes and prayers.\\u201D
His sister Zahra Nazari said on Thursday that the hikers who found her brother were \\u201Cangels sent from the sky\\u201D
He might stay there for a couple of days,\\u201D she said
\\u201CI stand before you today with a heart full of relief
gratitude and profound appreciation for remarkable work done by the search and rescue team to find my brother.\\u201D
Nazari\\u2019s cousin Hussain Ali said the 23-year-old was grateful to God he was safe and sound
and in \\u201Creally good condition\\u201D
\\u201CHe had a sandwich last night and a few Powerades
\\u201CWhen he\\u2019s completely fit and fine
no more hiking for you,\\u2019\\u201D Ali said
it\\u2019s not easy for 13 days and nights.\\u201D
at the tail end of a multi-day trek near Australia\\u2019s highest mountain
a remote stone hut at the base of Lady Northcote Canyon only accessible through a rock scamble down a ridge and a scrub bash from Olsen\\u2019s Lookout
\\u201CLast night I was wearing so many layers and shivering
He told us he had no tent for at least a few nights \\u2026 But even with a tent
down jacket and all of the gear I was shivering all night.\\u201D
said people underestimated the danger of Australia\\u2019s alpine conditions
\\u201CIt\\u2019s really hard to work out where you are once you\\u2019re in there
and it\\u2019s so dense on those western faces,\\u201D Ryder said
\\u201CYou would have the headaches that go with not being sufficiently hydrated
you\\u2019d have high levels of anxiety and fear
and you\\u2019d have confusion just because you don\\u2019t know where you are.\\u201D
Hiking guide Keith Scott has traversed the Hannels Spur trail \\u2013 where Nazari went missing \\u2013 dozens of times
So it just means that energy reserves [get] used up pretty quickly when you\\u2019re trying to push your way through,\\u201D Scott said
you really do need to be carrying an emergency beacon and preferably a GPS.\\u201D
The Morning Edition newsletter is our guide to the day\\u2019s most important and interesting stories
Racenet's Victorian form analyst Cameron Happ presents his best bets for Wednesday's eight-race card at Sandown-Hillside
Cam is keen to step into one early before waiting for a couple of runners currently priced at juicy odds in the quaddie legs
<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/horse/the-muffin-man-aus\">THE MUFFIN MAN</a> (<a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/form-guide/horse-racing/sandownhillside-20250319/sportsbet-racing-form-mdn-plate-race-1/overview\">Race 1</a> No.3): This <a href=\"https://www.racenet.com.au/profiles/trainer/charlotte-littlefield\">Charlotte Littlefield</a>-trained gelding showed enough in its first prep and looks to have returned in good shape off a spell
he was still a long way back at the 400m before building through its gears like a horse that's only going to improve as it steps out over longer trips
Hopefully they have worked out how to ride him now and they allow him to settle midfield from the good gate and building on the home turn
I don't expect her to get too much further back than midfield in this before being powerful late
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Victorian’s are expecting a top of 34 degrees
Expect this track to remain in the good range throughout the day
expect this track to favour runners who can angle to the centre of the track
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An <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94103-0" class="relation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view linked article" data-track-label="link">Author Correction</a> to this article was published on 18 March 2025
This article has been <a href="#change-history">updated</a>
significant elevation changes necessitate the use of expensive pressure compensating drip tape to ensure safety and irrigation uniformity
which is economically unfeasible for developing countries
This article proposes a more cost-effective alternative: the use of inexpensive nonpressure compensating drip tape with a pressure regulator (PRL) installed at the inlet
a low-cost modification of a hilly drip irrigation system with a maximum height difference of 53 m was achieved
The main conclusions are as follows: (1) A mathematical model was developed to account for the combined effects on the PRL outlet pressure
leading to a simulation method for assessing the hydraulic performance of drip systems with PRLs; (2) While maintaining irrigation uniformity (CU) greater than 90%
the system’s one-time and average annual investments were reduced by 48.0% and 35.3%
respectively; (3) Taking the drip irrigation system researched in the manuscript as an example
the unit price of pressure-compensating drip tape must be less than 1 CNY/m (approximately 0.14 USD/m) to remain competitive in annual investment compared with the solution of installing a PRL at the inlet of non-pressure compensating drip tape
The basic working principle of these pressure regulating devices is the same: they dissipate the high upstream water pressure into a predetermined lower pressure (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig1">1</a>)
This means that regardless of where the pressure regulating device is installed in the system
it adjusts only the upstream pressure and does not have a direct regulating function for the pressure changes in the downstream irrigation system
pressure regulators located closer downstream
such as pressure compensating drip emitters
have a more direct effect on improving water uniformity
which can increase the overall investment in the system
pressure regulating devices located upstream
such as main and submain pipe pressure relief valves
control larger areas but cannot eliminate pressure discrepancies at the inlets of drip tapes and emitters
these devices must be used in conjunction with other downstream pressure regulating devices to achieve better irrigation uniformity
the selection and combination of pressure-regulating devices in hilly regions directly affect the design complexity
the most commonly used pressure control scheme in hilly drip irrigation systems involves installing pressure relief valves on the main and branch lines in conjunction with pressure compensating drip tapes in the field
This approach balances the ease of system design with high irrigation uniformity
as the pressure relief valves only need to ensure that the water pressure does not exceed the pressure limits of the pipelines and emitters
whereas the pressure compensating emitters ensure high irrigation uniformity in the field
the large number of pressure-compensating drip emitters needed increases the total investment
since the price of pressure compensating drip tapes is typically 4 to 8 times greater than that of non-pressure compensating options
The initial investment is a major concern for farmers in developing countries
optimizing the selection and configuration of irrigation pressure control devices is crucial to reduce system costs when promoting and developing microirrigation technology in the hilly areas of these countries
this article proposes a design method for hilly drip irrigation systems utilizing PRLs that leverages computer programming techniques
a real hilly drip irrigation system is taken as an example for systematic design optimization
and irrigation uniformity before and after optimization are compared
This study aims to provide design solutions and irrigation uniformity evaluation methods for the application of PRL in drip irrigation systems in hilly areas
This research will help developing countries reduce microirrigation system investments
and better promote microirrigation technology
The irrigation system is located in a plantation in Wumao Township
A water storage tank is built at the top of the hill
The maximum elevation difference in the area is 53 m
utilizing natural elevation differences for gravity-fed drip irrigation
with the fruit trees cultivated in strip terraces along the contour lines
</a>Schematic diagram of the pressure regulation characteristics of irrigation pressure regulating devices
The original irrigation system was established in 2019, and the layout of the pipeline network is shown in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig2">2</a>
The entire irrigation system is divided into four irrigation sectors
The main pipeline uses Φ90 PVC pipes (internal diameter of 80 mm)
whereas the submain pipes use Φ75 PVC pipes (internal diameter of 70 mm)
The drip tape has an outer diameter of 16 mm
with a nominal flow rate of 1.4 L/h for the emitters and an emitter spacing of 40 cm
The distance between adjacent drip tapes is 5 m
and the tapes are connected via bypass to the submain pipes
a rotational irrigation system is implemented
with each of the four irrigation sectors forming one rotation group
</a>Hydraulic performance of the pressure compensating drip emitter.
</a>Hydraulic performance of the non-pressure compensating drip irrigation emitter
</a>A current view of the modified hilly drip irrigation system with PRL installation
</a>Flowchart of the design and hydraulic performance evaluation method for drip irrigation systems with PRL installation
The actual outlet pressure Pout of the pressure regulator is influenced by the inlet pressure Pin
resulting in a discrete distribution around its preset nominal pressure value
Pout is affected by Pin and (Q) as part of the pressure regulation characteristics of the pressure regulator itself
which is related to its operating conditions
(M) represents the random deviations in performance caused by manufacturing processes and is independent of the specific operating conditions of the pressure regulator
when the model for the outlet pressure of the pressure regulator is constructed
Pout is first defined as a function of Pin and (Q)
the manufacturing deviation (M) is added to this outlet pressure function
causing Pout to follow a random normal distribution with a certain standard deviation
As shown in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig8">8</a>, the correlation coefficients R2 are all greater than 0.85, indicating a good fitting effect. The slopes of the linear fits obtained in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig6">6</a>a and b
and 6c represent the pressure increase coefficient kp due to an increase in Pin leading to a rise in Pout
the pressure decrease coefficient kQ due to an increase in Q leading to a decrease in Pout
and the pressure increase coefficient k0 due to an increase in Q leading to a rise in starting pressure Pa
without considering manufacturing deviations
and the minimum inlet pressure required for operation of the PRL
in MPa; Q and Qmin represent the flow rate and the minimum applicable flow rate of the PRL
in L/h; P0 and Pout0 represent the starting pressure and outlet pressure of the pressure regulator at the flow rate Qmin
in MPa; kP and kQ represent the pressure increase coefficient and pressure decrease coefficient of the PRL
respectively; kP indicates the increase in outlet pressure due to an increase in inlet pressure; kQ indicates the decrease in outlet pressure due to an increase in flow rate; and k0 represents the pressure increase coefficient due to an increase in flow rate leading to an increase in starting pressure
Assuming that Pout follows a random normal distribution influenced by the manufacturing deviation M (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig8">8</a>c)
the outlet pressure model of the pressure regulator considering the manufacturing deviation M can be expressed as:
</a>Fitting results of outlet pressure and minimum operating pressure of the PRL under the influence of various factors
</a>Theoretical and measured results of the outlet pressure of PRL
For most hilly drip irrigation systems, the shapes of the irrigation plots are often irregular, and the lengths of the drip tapes vary within the system. Taking the irrigation plot labeled No. 1 in Figs. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig1">1</a> and <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig3">3</a> as an example
the following method uses Origin’s image digitization tool to measure the lengths of various drip tapes within a complex drip irrigation system
</a>Obtaining the installation length of the drip tape based on the shape of the field
the total flow rate of the drip tape (PRL flow rate) can be estimated via the following formula:
where QD represents the estimated total flow rate of the drip tape
L/h; LD denotes the total length of the drip tape
m; LL indicates the spacing between emitters
m; and qe is the rated flow rate of the emitters under the nominal preset pressure conditions of the pressure regulator
Figure <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Fig11">11</a> shows a schematic diagram of the hydraulic calculations for the submain. When the inlet pressure HB of the submain and the total flow rate QD of the drip tape are known, the pressure at the submain bleeders (the inlet pressure of the PRL or pressure compensation drip tape inlet) can be estimated via the following formula:
</a>Schematic diagram of submain pipe hydraulic calculations
On the basis of preliminary hydraulic calculations
the length and inlet pressure (outlet pressure of the PRL or inlet pressure of the pressure compensating drip tape) of each drip tape in the system can be determined
These are used as input parameters in a program developed in MATLAB
which employs the stepping method to perform iterative calculations for each drip tape in the system
</a>Schematic diagram of drip tape hydraulic calculations
The original system used pressure compensating drip tape
which was connected to the submain via the bypass
with the pressure at the outlet of the submain being the inlet pressure of the pressure compensating drip tape
the system uses non-pressure compensating drip tape
which is connected to the submain through the PRL
The pressure at the outlet of the submain bleeder is the inlet pressure of the PRL
whereas the outlet pressure of the PRL is the inlet pressure of the non-pressure compensating drip tape
</a>Coefficient of variation of inlet pressure for the drip tape inlet (PRL outlet)
</a>Pressure distribution of each irrigation zone before and after the modification
Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Tab1">1</a> shows the simulation results of the irrigation uniformity (CU) and average emitter flow rate for each irrigation zone and the entire system before and after the drip irrigation system was modified
The formula for calculating the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) is presented as follows:
the irrigation uniformity of the modified system decreased by 3–6% compared with that of the original system; however
the irrigation uniformity for each irrigation zone and the entire system still reached over 90%
The measured irrigation uniformities of the entire irrigation system before and after the renovation were 95.2% and 91.2%
The simulated irrigation uniformities before and after the renovation were 98.3% and 93.4%
with an absolute error of less than 3.3% compared to the measured results
indicating that the simulation method is reliable and effective
The average emitter flow rate for each irrigation zone and the entire system after the modification is approximately 1.36 L/h
which is very close to the designed flow rate of 1.40 L/h
essentially meeting the design requirements
the hydraulic performance of the modified system fully meets the needs of precise irrigation
</a>Distribution of emitter discharge in field No
Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/articles/s41598-025-89301-9#Tab2">2</a> shows the investment details before and after the modification of the drip irrigation system
The table accounts for only the main materials in the main line
The table shows that the main differences between the original system and the modified system are the type of drip tape used and the number of pressure reducing valves used
the one-time investment in the modified system was reduced by 48%
with savings of 25,000 Chinese yuan (CNY) attributed solely to the drip tape
Considering the useful life of various materials in the system
the average annual investment of the modified system decreased by 35.3% compared with that of the original system
Taking the system in this study as an example
the unit price of pressure compensating drip tape needs to be reduced to 0.9 CNY/m for the average annual investment to be on par with the conditions under which non-pressure compensating drip tape and PRL are used
Considering that using pressure compensating drip tape can achieve a higher CU
if the unit price of pressure compensating drip tape can be lowered to below 1 CNY/m (approximately 0.14 USD/m)
it would provide a better cost‒performance ratio for the average annual investment
thus attracting farmers in developing countries to use it
the unit price of pressure compensating drip tape would need to be reduced to 0.3 CNY/m for the one-time investment to match that of using PRL and non-pressure compensating drip tape
which is clearly nearly impossible given the current production processes and market conditions
using PRL and non-pressure compensating drip tape in hilly areas is a balance between cost-effectiveness and irrigation uniformity
farmers can significantly reduce one-time investment
The benefits of this approach include the following: (1) Replacing the originally expensive pressure compensating drip tape with cheaper options; (2) the use of PRLs protects the drip tapes and greatly reduces the number of submain pressure reduce valves needed; and (3) the PRLs can also replace the bypass connection between the drip tape and the submain
and their low unit price does not significantly increase the overall system investment
The topography and terrain of the irrigation system are the main factors influencing the choice of PRL
The farmland studied in the manuscript has significant elevation changes and irregular shapes
resulting in large pressure variations along the submain direction within an irrigation area
as well as considerable variations in the laying length of the drip tape (design flow rate)
which is less affected by changes in the inlet pressure and flow rate
which is most influenced by flow variations
are input into the drip irrigation system simulation program established in this paper
Considering both water application uniformity and the investment in the PRL itself (the unit price and quantity of A-type PRLs are not high)
the irrigation system discussed in this study opted for the A-type PRL
different hilly drip irrigation systems have complex and varied operating conditions
The selection and configuration of drip tape and pressure regulation equipment must comprehensively consider design difficulty
The hydraulic performance evaluation method for hilly drip irrigation systems proposed in this paper aims to address this issue
Users can use this method to preliminarily assess the hydraulic performance of the system under different pressure control schemes after the basic operating conditions of the irrigation system are obtained while also considering the economic feasibility of the investment
The main innovation of this study lies in the retrofit of a complex hilly drip irrigation system using our self-developed PRL
which maintains efficient irrigation uniformity while greatly reducing system investment
we proposed a mathematical model for the PRL output pressure that comprehensively considers the impacts of manufacturing deviations
This mathematical model serves as an important foundation for simulating the hydraulic performance of drip irrigation systems with PRL installations
particularly in addressing the calculation of inlet flow and pressure in drip tapes
Since it involves the retrofit of an existing irrigation system and aims to reduce investment by utilizing the original system’s pipeline as much as possible
the dimensions and layout of the submain and main pipes were not altered in this study
we plan to leverage artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques to refine and construct a comprehensive decision-making model that takes into account the layout of the irrigation system’s pipeline network
as well as the performance and installation positions of multi-stage pressure regulation equipment
This study establishes a design and evaluation method for hilly drip irrigation systems utilizing PRL
Using a real hilly drip irrigation system as a case study
it performs a systematic optimization design and comprehensively compares the differences in design schemes
and irrigation uniformity before and after optimization
The main conclusions are presented as follows:
 A mathematical model for the PRL outlet pressure is constructed
taking into account the combined effects of the inlet pressure
 A real hilly drip irrigation system was modified by replacing the pressure compensating drip tape used in the original system with PRL and non-pressure compensating drip tape
This modification maintained a uniformity of irrigation (CU) greater than 90% while reducing the system’s one-time investment and average annual investment by 48.0% and 35.3%
the cost of pressure compensating drip tape is significantly greater than that of non-pressure compensating drip tape
making it difficult to promote pressure compensating systems
The main economic reason for the greater promotional potential of PRL and non-pressure compensating drip tape lies in this cost difference
the use of pressure compensating drip tape can achieve greater irrigation uniformity
From the perspective of average annual investment
the cost of pressure compensating drip tape can be reduced to 1 CNY/m (approximately 0.14 USD/m) while maintaining existing performance
thereby increasing its potential for promotion in hilly areas of developing countries
The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to specific parameters of some equipment in the manuscript being protected by patents
but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
A Correction to this paper has been published: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94103-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94103-0</a>
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This research was funded by (1) Science researching fund projects of China institute of water resources and Hydropower research
(2) China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-03-43)
(3) The Open University of China Youth Research Project: Research of the synergistic control mechanism of microirrigation submain and lateral pressure/flow regulator (Q23A0009)
College of Water Resources &amp; Civil Engineering
Author StatementXiaoran Wang: Conceptualization
Writing-Review &amp; EditingChen Zhang: Conceptualization
Writing - Review &amp; EditingGuangyong Li: Resources
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