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2025 at her home surrounded by her loving family
1952 to Alfred and Aurore (Laplante) Jette
Linda graduated from Swanton High School in 1970
and making her glass bird baths and flowers
Linda enjoyed her travels to Hawaii and Alaska
two places many people don't get to go to
Linda was a Service Representative/ Teller with Chittenden Bank for 32 years in Swanton
Her life was an example of resilience and courage
Linda is survived by her husband Michael; children Terry Bourdeau-Loyer and her husband Patrick
and Anthony Bourdeau and his wife Laura; many grandchildren; brother
Memorial contributions in Linda's memory may be made to The University of Vermont Cancer Center Grasse Mount 411 Main Street Burlington
Friends and family will be invited to Linda's life celebration to include visitation on Friday
2025 from 1:00-3:00PM with a memorial service following at 3:00PM at the Goss Life Celebration Home
The family would like to give a special thank you to
VNA Hospice for the exceptional care received
photos and favorite memories may be shared through www.gossfs.com
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Released from her emotional and physical battle with Cancer on March 21
Tracey passed away peacefully at her home in Carleton Place surrounded by the love of her family at the age of 62
brother in-law Sylvain and her nephew Robbie
A special thank you to all the doctors and nurses at the Irving Greenberg Family Cancer Center and the Bayshore Home Care team for taking such good care of Tracey
Friends and family are welcome to pay their respects on Saturday
ON.&nbsp; A funeral service celebrating her life will take place in the chapel at 2:00 p.m
The service will be livestreamed on YouTube
to watch the service please search YouTube for &quot;Barkerfh Tracey Jette&quot; beginning at 1:55 pm on Saturday
ExpandJulie Jette (Photo provided by Julie Jette)
School Board Member <a href="https://www.shawlocal.com/tags/cary-school-district-26/" target="_blank">District 26</a>
Retired chemist and adjunct faculty at Western Governors University
<a href="https://www.shawlocal.com/tags/cary/" target="_blank">CARY</a>
email address of <a href="mailto:VotejuliejetteD26@gmail.com" target="_blank">VotejuliejetteD26@gmail.com</a>
Secondary Teaching Certificate Western Governors University
Senior Care Volunteer Network Volunteer Driver
P.E.O Philanthropic Educational Organization
I would also encourage parents to read to and with their children at home and to utilize the Cary Area library. This has been shown to improve reading scores.
Yes, two of my three children started in D26 with the Early Childhood program. As a Board member, I have approved the expansion of our Special Education programs. All three children graduated from Cary Jr. High and Cary Grove High School.
I also feel that library books should be decided on by our certified staff to augment the curriculum and help teach our students how to use a learning center as a resource tool.
Changes to Title IX will be coming out shortly. The district will update the policy manual to reflect the new changes. Students questioning their sexual orientation and gender identity deserve to receive a public education in a safe learning environment.
School and transportation to and from school should be a safe experience for every child. I was supportive of the Safe Zone resolution that was passed unanimously by the Cary 26 school board.
Improving test scores in language arts and math as well as continuing to develop our Dual Language program.
Continuing to maintain a balanced budget and healthy reserves as well as signing new contracts with our teachers and support staff.
Conservative use of referendum funds to repair and update our buildings as well as making safety improvements.
Cell phones use should not be allowed during the day. This includes lunch. Cell phone and social media bullying should be addressed with both student facing educational programs and parental education programs.
I do understand that if there was an emergency, parent would want to get in touch with their children to make sure they are safe. So I do think the cell phone could be used in this situation when approved by the Administration overseeing the emergency. In the K-8 environment, the District supplies tablets for educational purposes. I do not think private cell phones are needed for educational purposes in the classroom.
The District does use filters and software to monitor all District devices used by students. The District offers parent education. The next session is on April 2 and is entitled “Protecting our kids in a Digital World”. I also think that students and parents should know that there will be consequences for cyberbullying such a loss of privilege’s in school or suspension.
I see AI as a progression of technology and I do feel that it will have a use in the classroom for either students or staff. I am supportive of the district philosophy on technology and I feel the use of AI will be incorporated into this philosophy.
”Our goal for integrating technology into instruction in Cary 26 is to ensure student success through making informed instructional decisions with our standards and learning goals at the forefront, followed by the use of technology to add value to our learning goals. "
I would encourage any community member to attend a Committee of the Whole Meeting where the Treasurer’s report is presented. All meetings can be viewed with a link on the district website. The Board welcomes questions regarding any financial matters during public comment or as an email. The Treasurer’s report for each month is listed under the Board meetings section. The report uses easy to read graphics. Again, questions are welcomed at meetings or by email.
The Board governs through policy and board policy states:
”Anyone may propose new policies, changes to existing policies, or elimination of existing policies. Staff suggestions should be processed through the Superintendent. Suggestions from all others should be made to the Board President or the Superintendent.
A Board Policy Committee will consider all policy suggestions as directed by the Board of Education, and provide information and recommendations to the Board.”
There is also a similar policy so that a parent or community member can question or challenge the curriculum. My role would be to listen to the concerns of a parent, community member or staff member and then confer with the Administration to see if the curriculum aligns with state standards, other board policies and our strategic plan.
As a current Board member, I am not in favor of book banning. Parents do have the right to inspect any instructional materials used in classrooms or school libraries. Board policy 2:260 outlines the process for an objection.
The District is now attending teacher fairs to proactively recruit hard to fill teaching positions such as Special Ed, ELL and Dual Language. The District is also using a state teaching grant to allow four current D26 employees to enroll in a teacher education program that will allow them to finish their degrees and certifications while still continuing to work in D26 classrooms.
Constituents can always meet me before or after a meeting and through District email. I also try to attend many District events.
</a><a title="Twitter feed" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/shawlocalnews"></a><a title="RSS feed" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.shawlocal.com/arcio/rss/"></a>Copyright © 2023 Shaw Local News Network
Pima County Attorney Laura Conover captured 66 percent of the vote against challenger Mike Jette in early returns in the 2024 Democratic primary
With no other candidates on the ballot in the general election
she'll retain her seat as the county's top prosecutor for another four years
And what I mean by that is that you did this
You went up against Republican money and dark money
and one of the most negative and brutal primary campaigns we had seen in decades," Conover told a group of supporters at the Silver Room bar Tuesday night
"And you stayed the course and kept our promise
and that high road took us all the way home tonight."
<a href="https://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/073024_election/">Get complete Sentinel election coverage here &#187;</a>
who was backed by former county attorney Barbara LaWall and her political allies
had charged that Conover&#8217;s leadership had led to the departure of experienced prosecutors and other managerial problems
"I&#8217;d like to see something different but Ms
Laura Conover is the presumptive Democratic nominee," Jette told his supporters at Union Public House
"I have a heartfelt appreciation for my team and wish Laura Conover the best of luck
"This has been a wonderful experience and I wish her the best for the next four years," he said
I stressed during this transition period that I am the Pima County attorney for everyone."
"And that means the entire Republican Party that didn't have a voice in this race (and I'm very sensitive and delicate)," she said
"So I'll do the same thing I did four years ago
although it'll be easier that it's not COVID and I'll be on a major policy tour and anyone who wants to sit down with me
because we've always had an option to you know
sort of walk and sit down with me," she said
The incumbent Democrat did refer to the national context of her race
"We are in an extraordinary moment in time..
I think people are waking up to the lurking dangers of losing our most fundamental rights that we&#8217;ve had as Americans for decades and decades," Conover said
we can lose the forward momentum that America is building
And tonight&#8217;s another example where common sense and the common good won against loud
misleading messaging and we need that to keep going into November
into the statewide races and all the way to the White House
And we&#8217;re keeping it going all the way through November."
No Republican or independent candidate filed to run in the Nov
5 general election so the primary will decide the future of the office
barring a last-minute non-party candidate attempting to appear on the November ballot
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After hearing through the grapevine a year ago that the Hull Superintendent of Schools position would open upon the retirement of Judith Kuehn
now-superintendent of schools Michael Jette and his family traveled here to get a feel for the town because he was interested in the position and they all loved the ocean
and I had been talking about next opportunities in my career,” he told The Hull Times last week
as he completes his third month in the position
I [was the superintendent of the Litchfield
THe JETTE FAMILY Learning about the Acropolis on AN April vacation TRIP
His daughters Mariana and Catalina – now in seventh and eight grades in the Hull Public Schools – were starting to get involved with athletics and other activities
and he was missing their events while attending activities at his own school
who has 32 years of educational experience
including as former superintendent of the Bedford
interviewed for the position once it was posted following his family’s trip to Hull – during which they became enamored with this beautiful coastal community – and came out on top last January from among 37 applicants for the position
Fast forward to this year with Jette in his first year as superintendent
“I enjoy the work and the opportunity to have a wider sphere of influence and to be part of the conversation
“My family and I moved to Hull and have been welcomed within the community
We also enjoy being close to the ocean after being so far away from it while living in New Hampshire for so many years
I can spend more time with my family and be part of their activities
This quaint little town surrounded by water is also close to Boston but offers a nice
Jette said he was looking for a community with a real focus on learning – a school district that was small enough to offer individualized
creative educational opportunities that are often not available in larger school systems
so I was delighted when I was offered the position,” he said
‘We want to be as transparent with the public as possible’
“We’re a public entity and want to be as transparent with the public as possible so that they understand how their tax dollars [that are allocated to the schools] are being spent,” he said
Whether engaging with families at a football game or other HPS events or in the wider community
Jette said he is a firm believer in open communication
He’s also a supporter of school programs that build on the town’s rich maritime history
such as the boatbuilding cooperative effort between the Hull Lifesaving Museum and the high school
“We need to find more ways to bring this heritage to life,” he said
During a recent presentation of his entry plan to the school committee
Jette said his initial and ongoing focus will continue to be on “looking
He and his family feel embedded in the community
“While I’m looking at how the schools operate and how to make them better
I am looking at things from a superintendent’s angle as well as wearing the parent hat
which I believe [boosts my] credibility as to what we’re trying to accomplish,” Jette said
Oliver Jette finally gets to visit Nantasket Beach on September 16… [PHOTO COURTESY OF MICHAEL JETTE]
Among his ongoing goals is visiting each school a couple of times a week and continuing to meet and talk with staff and other community members “as I get my bearings.”
one of his priorities will be redoing the HPS strategic plan
“reprioritizing and giving it a fresh look.”
he and his family are having “a very nice experience in Hull.”
While developing the consolidation plan for the school system was an intensive effort
Kuehn and her team did such a good job that all is going smoothly
“There was a plan in place before I arrived
and I haven’t heard a single complaint or concern
With Robert Shaw as the new principal at the high school and Tony Hrivnak moving from the middle school to the high school as assistant principal
Jacobs School Principal Kyle Shaw has also played a part in bringing the consolidation plan to reality
The Jacobs School now houses preK through grade 7 and the high school
A particular challenge is not being able to yet reach a contract agreement with the teaching staff
“We’re working hard to accomplish that,” Jette said
“We’re actively negotiating and trying to get a deal settled
Both parties are trying to reach a fair deal
but there is currently no signed agreement in place.”
His approach is to “keep calm and negotiate on as we try to find a pathway
With respect to Question 2 on the&nbsp;November 5&nbsp;ballot asking voters to decide whether to eliminate passage of the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System exams as a graduation requirement
“I’ve always felt that an independent third-party test is a good thing
It helps keep us grounded in terms of the work we’re doing
What Jette is most looking forward to in his new role is working cooperatively with the school community in finding ways to improve the school system
Jette said it’s important “to let the rest of the world know how well we’re doing and communicating to families that the HPS is a [viable] option and that good things are happening here.”
Jette is impressed with HPS students – their good attitude and achievements
compliant students who are engaged in learning and enjoying a safe school environment
another [factor] in helping families decide whether to relocate to Hull,” he said
Jette also appreciates the sense of pride among Hull residents in their town and in the fact that many families have lived here for generations
there are grandparents and mothers and fathers who have graduated from the high school whose children are now attending,” he noted
The Jettes VISITING FAMILY IN THE MOUNTAINS OF COLOMBIA
Jette’s parents set a good example for him and his sister when they were growing up
“My mother and father were both hard workers
My father never graduated from high school and trained as a machinist at a community college
and he took great pride in his work,” he said
“My mother graduated from high school and attended secretarial school and was proud of [her accomplishments].”
they instilled in Jette and his sister early on “the need to keep learning – that you can carve out your own path through educational achievement – which they considered to be the pathway to a better experience,” he said
Jette later decided he wanted to become a teacher
which led to his earning a doctorate in school administration
and we’re fortunate in what we have available to us,” he said
“Our Founding Fathers [placed great value in education] for democracy to thrive
We need critical thinkers and individuals who can read and write well; that’s how people are kept informed
We want to prepare the next generation to [carry on] with this gift and to keep nurturing it forward.”
Qualities that he feels are essential to a superintendent position include patience and a willingness to listen
while also sharing one’s opinion as part of a team effort
“We are ultimately public servants of the community
and we have to protect that trust,” Jette said
The Jettes love the sense of community and belonging they are experiencing in Hull
from his daughters biking to the Village Market to buy a loaf of bread to heading to the bay to watch a beautiful sunset or going for a walk along the beach
“Time hasn’t caught up with Hull,” Jette said
“We still have an independent grocer and pharmacy
“We decided we had enough ‘stuff’ in our lives and wanted to have more experiences,” he said
and we traveled to South America to visit her family last year
with a priority on visiting the Sistine Chapel and viewing Michelangelo’s works
It’s important to experience what’s out there beyond our smaller town.”
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Incumbent Pima County Attorney Laura Conover looks to be heading for an easy victory in last night's primary. 
Late Tuesday night, Conover was leading Mike Jette, 67% to 33%.  More counting will continue today.
“We came to realize eventually that we were having a general election in a primary because we realized finally that all of the outside and dark money influence, all of it's Republican, in our Democratic primary, and that’s the first time for us here locally,” Conover said. 
Conover's platform centered on reform: like protecting legal access to abortion, restorative justice, and diversion programs. She said all of the sweeping reforms her office brought in are ready to grow.
“Because every marker of violent crime is down, meaning we brought in reform and public safety,” Conover said. 
She added that the Democrats will keep up the momentum to ensure the Right to Abortion Initiative will be on the November ballot as a constitutional amendment. 
“You went up against Republican money and dark money and one of the most negative and brutal primary campaigns we had seen in decades and you stayed the course and kept our promise,” Conover said.
As for her first course of action, she said she would be thanking everyone throughout her office. 
“Thank you and I’m humbled and I’m going to work twice as hard,” Conover said. 
Volume 12 - 2024 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1468605">https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1468605</a>
needles are used to reach target locations inside the body
when the needle is pushed through the tissue
forces arise at the needle tip and along the needle body
needles that prevent buckling inspired by the ovipositor of female parasitic wasps have been developed
this study proposes a manual actuation unit that allows the operator to drive the wasp-inspired needle through stationary tissue
The needle consists of six 0.3-mm spring steel wires
of which one is advanced while the others are retracted
The advancing needle segment has to overcome a cutting and friction force while the retracting ones experience a friction force in the opposite direction
The actuation unit moves the needle segments in the required sequence using a low-friction ball spline mechanism
The moving components of the needle have low inertia
and its connection to the actuation unit using a ball spline introduces a small friction force
generating a small push force on the needle that facilitates the needle&#x02019;s propulsion into tissue while preventing needle buckling
Experimental testing evaluated the needle&#x02019;s ability to move through stationary 15-wt% gelatin tissue phantoms for different actuation velocities
It was found that the needle moved through the tissue phantoms with mean slip ratios of 0.35
and 0.29 for actuation velocities of &#x003c0;
and 5-wt% gelatin tissue phantoms showed that decreasing the gelatin concentration decreased the mean slip ratios from 0.35 to 0.19 and 0.18
The needle actuation system design is a step forward in developing a wasp-inspired needle for percutaneous procedures that prevents buckling
Buckling is a failure mode where an equilibrium configuration becomes unstable under excessive compression, leading to a sudden lateral deflection and potential obstruction of the lumen of the needle. Slender ideal columns under compression are subject to Euler buckling. The critical Euler buckling load can be calculated as <a href="#e1">Equation 1</a>
Where E is the Young&#x02019;s Modulus of the needle (N mm-2), I the second moment of area of the cross-section of the needle (mm4), K a coefficient that takes into account the end conditions of the needle .., and L the unsupported length of the needle (mm) (<a href="#B3">Euler, 1757</a>). The extended critical Euler buckling load <a href="#e2">Equation 2</a> defines the critical load for a needle inserted into a substrate
Where &#x003bc; is the spring stiffness of the substrate (N mm-2) (<a href="#B8">Chen and Atsuta, 2007</a>; <a href="#B10">He et al., 2008</a>). To prevent buckling during needle insertion, the insertion force (Fin) applied to the needle inside the substrate should remain below the critical load of the needle (Fcr ext) (<a href="#B23">Sakes et al., 2016</a>)
The reciprocal advancing and retracting forces create a net insertion force near zero
facilitating self-propulsion within a substrate without buckling
Figure 1. Visualization of the motion sequence of the ovipositor of a parasitic wasp. (A) The parasitic wasp uses its ovipositor to lay eggs in a substrate. (B) The ovipositor consists of three parallel valves (green, yellow, and blue) that can move reciprocally (based on <a href="#B6">Cerkvenik et al. (2017)</a>)
The wasp-inspired needles use multiple mechanisms to prevent buckling
the needle consists of multiple parallel needle segments that employ an advancing-retraction mechanism
where one needle segment is advanced while the other needle segments are retracted
The advantage of this advancing-retraction mechanism compared to pushing the entire needle through the tissue is the decreased axial load applied to the needle
The friction and cutting forces of the advancing needle segment inside the substrate are (partially) counterbalanced by the friction force in the opposite direction of the retracted needle segments
thereby decreasing the insertion force required to insert the needle into the substrate
the needle segments move incrementally forwards
traversing over a short distance per needle movement
the unsupported length L inside the substrate is therefore kept low and independent of insertion depth
Using the conditions for the self-propulsion of the wasp-inspired needle and Newton&#x02019;s second law
Where Fstiff,i is the stiffness force on the tip of the advancing needle segment
Ffric,i is the friction force along the advancing needle segment
Fcut,i is the cutting force on the tip of the advancing needle segment
and Ffric,j is the friction force along the retracting needle segments
which works in the opposite direction as the friction force of the advancing needle segments
&#x02009;Ffric,m is the friction force of the moving components
The needle self-propels through the tissue if the friction force generated by the retracting needle segments overcomes the friction and cutting force of the advancing needle segments and the friction force and inertia of the moving components
the retracting needle segments remain stationary with respect to the tissue
whilst the advancing segments move forward into the tissue
A disadvantage of the second configuration is that the inertia and friction of the needle
Visualization of the motion sequence of the wasp-inspired needles
one needle segment (in yellow) moves forward over the stroke distance while the others (in gray) move slowly backward
(A) Configuration where the actuation system remains stationary while the substrate moves towards the needle
(B) Configuration where the substrate remains stationary while the actuation system and the needle move towards the substrate
Both options are not optimal for integration in clinical practice and the performance of the needle due to the inertia that negatively affects the needle&#x02019;s self-propelled motion
the needle will have to self-propel inside the patient while both the actuation system and the tissue remain in place
this study aims to design a stationary manual actuation system for a needle that uses the self-propelling principle of the parasitic wasp and can travel through stationary tissue (phantoms)
the moving components that connect the needle segments to the actuation system should have negligible influence on the self-propelled motion of the needle
the moving components that connect the needle segments to the actuation system should have low inertia and the connection itself should introduce friction forces near zero
Every needle segment is moved forward over the stroke distance once during one cycle
Visualization of the motion sequence of the needle segments of the wasp-inspired needle
one needle segment (in yellow) moves forward over the stroke distance while the other needle segments (in gray) move slowly backward over one-fifth of the stroke distance in a consecutive manner
When the distal ends of the needle segments are positioned inside tissue, they experience friction forces with the surrounding tissue. When the self-propelling principle, as in <a href="#e3">Equation 3</a> holds
whilst the advancing segment moves forward into the tissue
the needle as a whole advances in the tissue
We opted for a manually controlled actuation system that allows the operator to drive the needle directly and intuitively using a continuous manual rotation around the axis of needle insertion
By using the manual actuation force solely for an input rotation
the operator cannot apply an external insertion force to the needle to push the needle into the tissue
the operator cannot interfere with the self-propelled motion of the needle segments
The actuation system converts the input rotation into a sequential translation of the six needle segments in the required order and over the required stroke distance while minimizing the number of components that travel with the needle segments
To explain the working principle of our actuation system, the mechanism is simplified and visualized in a schematic illustration in <a href="#F4">Figure 4A</a>
where Columns a and b show two phases in the motion cycle (i.e.
60&#x000b0; difference) and Rows I-IV show the different layers of the actuation system
The input motion is a rotation of the drive cylinder (in green) around the y-axis
The drive cylinder contains horizontal grooves
A follower cylinder (in pink) contains rims that fit in the drive cylinder&#x02019;s grooves
the grooves and rims transmit the rotation around the y-axis to the follower cylinder while enabling a translation in the y-direction of the follower cylinder relative to the drive cylinder
a cam (in orange) is positioned containing a V-shaped slot
in which six cam followers (in yellow) can slide
The motion of the cam followers was restricted to solely a translation in the y-direction
The asymmetric shape of the V-shape in the slot causes one cam follower to move in the positive y-direction while the other cam followers move in the negative y-direction
Schematic representation of the actuation system motion mechanism
(A) The actuation system includes the drive cylinder (green)
and cam followers (yellow) that contain the needle segments
Columns a and b show two phases in the motion cycle (i.e.
including the drive cylinder (green) with grooves
cross-section of the ball spline follower cylinder (pink) with grooves
and ball bearings (gray) rolling within the grooves
To minimize the friction force introduced by the connection of the needle to the actuation system, we implemented a ball spline mechanism (<a href="#F4">Figure 4B</a>)
The ball spline incorporates balls within the grooves in both the drive and follower cylinder
facilitating linear rolling translation of the follower cylinder relative to the drive cylinder while simultaneously transmitting rotation
The components of the actuation system that move with the needle segments include the follower cylinder
ball bearings of the ball spline mechanism
and cam followers that house the needle segments
Because of the low-friction ball spline mechanism
the moving components of the actuation system introduce a friction force near zero
We used Solidworks (Dassault Systems Solidworks Corporation; Waltham, MA, United States) as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to design the Splinositor (<a href="#F5">Figure 5</a>)
To facilitate the manual actuation of the drive cylinder
we added a crank to the actuation mechanism that transmits the input rotation to the drive cylinder and the cam
The height of the cam track dictates a 4-mm stroke in the positive y-direction for the cam followers over a 60&#x000b0; rotation of the cam
During the following 300&#x000b0; rotation
the cam track dictates a 4-mm stroke in the negative y-direction
We chose off-the-shelf ball bearings as followers of the cam
which was attached to a cam follower cylinder of a linear guide axis
A needle segment holder was also attached to the key
The six linear guides restrict the motion of the needle segment holders to a translation along the y-axis
Schematic representation of the complete design of the Splinositor
The cam follower (8) that rolls within the cam (7) consists of the cam bearing (8.1)
To prevent buckling of the needle segments before they enter the needle segment tubes, the needle segments require a support structure. We needed a movable support structure capable of translating along with the cam, as the unsupported needle length decreases when the needle segments propel in the tissue. We chose to implement an origami structure, i.e., a tube derived from the Miura-origami (Miura-ori) pattern (<a href="#B29">Wu et al., 2020</a>)
which is stiff in the z-direction but flexible in the y-direction
When the cam moves in the positive y-direction
The Miura-ori tube contains small holes through which the needle segments pass
guiding and supporting the needle segments&#x02019; movement along the y-axis while avoiding buckling
the needle segments run at a larger diameter than at the needle tip
To guide the needle segments smoothly from the actuation system to the needle tip
needle segment tubes with an S-curve were used
The S-curved needle segment tubes gently decrease the distance between the needle segments by guiding them smoothly through the S-shaped needle segment tubes from the actuation system to the needle tip
These tubes provide continuous support to the needle segments to avoid buckling
while allowing them to move along the y-axis freely
The needle in this study consists of six spring steel rods, i.e., the needle segments, with a diameter of 0.3&#x000a0;mm and a length of 230&#x000a0;mm (<a href="#F6">Figure 6A</a>)
The tips of the needle segments were sharpened to an angle of 20&#x000b0; with wire Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
The needle segments were held together at the tip using a 10-mm long heat shrink tube (1030352
This tube was employed to limit the needle segments from diverging while only minimally increasing the needle diameter
To maintain its position at the needle tip
the heat shrink tube was glued to one of the needle segments using Pattex Gold Gel 1432562 (Pattex
The remaining needle segments can move freely back and forth through the heat shrink tube
The resulting total diameter of the needle
(A) Close-up of the needle tip consisting of six sharpened spring steel rods held together by a heat shrink tube (Nordson Medical Corp.) glued to one of the six rods
<a href="#F6">Figure 6B</a> shows the assembled prototype
The crank was produced using three-dimensional (3D) printing
specifically the fused deposition technology in polylactic acid (PLA) on an Ultimaker 3 printer
The ball splines used in the core mechanism of the actuation system (i.e.
the drive cylinder) and the linear guides are stainless steel Ball Splines LSAG10C1R200 (IKO Nippon Thompson Co
facilitates a 100-mm travel distance of the needle inside the tissue
The central ball spline was positioned between two stainless steel Deep Groove Ball Bearings DDL-850ZZMTHA1P13LY121 (MinebeaMitsumi Inc.
The cam was milled out of 7075-T6 aluminum
The six cam bearings are stainless steel Deep Groove Ball Bearings DDL-310HA1P25LO1 (MinebeaMitsumi Inc.
The bearing axes are 125&#x02013;245 HV30 steel Cylindrical Pens 2338H8100010005 (Bossard
The aluminum needle segment holders and keys were produced using wire EDM
and distal supports form the actuation system&#x02019;s support blocks
and were made from 7075-T6 aluminum using wire EDM
The support blocks were attached to the aluminum base plate that was also produced using wire EDM
The Miura-ori tube was cut and folded out of lightweight drawing paper
The needle segment tubes (inner diameter 0.4&#x000a0;mm
outer diameter 0.6&#x000a0;mm) were constructed from brass due to the advantageous low coefficient of friction between brass and the steel needle segments
Where dm and dt are the measured and theoretical maximum traveled distance, respectively. The measured traveled distance is the difference in the position of the needle tip we measured in the video footage before and after needle actuation. The theoretical maximum traveled distance depends on the motion sequence (5:1), the stroke distance (S), which was 4&#x000a0;mm by design, and the number of actuation cycles (C) and was calculated using <a href="#e5">Equation 5</a>
The first experiment aimed to find the most efficient technical configuration of the Splinositor inside gelatin phantoms with a concentration of 15% weight (wt) powder in water
The independent variables were the mobility of the ball spline and the actuation speed (&#x003c9;) of the needle
To investigate the effect of the central ball spline
we evaluated the prototype in two conditions in which:(1) the central ball spline was fixed to constrain its translation in the y-direction while allowing rotation around the y-axis
while the gelatin sample was placed on a low-friction cart
and (2) the central ball spline was able to move like intended (i.e.
mobile) and the gelatin sample remained stationary
To investigate the effect of the actuation angular velocity (&#x003c9;)
In both experiments, the dependent variable was the slip ratio (sratio) between the needle and gelatin tissue phantom over one entire measurement. The control variable was the number of actuation cycles (C) set to 15. <a href="#T1">Table 1</a> shows the eight experimental conditions evaluated in gelatin phantoms
Experimental conditions and mean slip ratios for the performance evaluation of the prototype in gelatin phantoms
central ball spline position fixed or mobile
total measured traveled distance (mm) (mean &#x000b1; standard deviation
slip ratio (mean &#x000b1; standard deviation
The position of the needle tip was recorded using a video camera (iPhone 8) mounted on a tripod
positioned directly above the needle to capture a top-down view of the needle tip within the gelatin phantom
Millimeter graph paper was placed at the bottom surface of the gelatin cart and gelatin holder to give reference to the traveled distance of the needle tip with respect to the gelatin phantom during the experiments with an approximative accuracy of 1&#x000a0;mm
To ensure the repeatability of the measurement method
the experimental setup was not moved in between the measurements
(A) Setup with a fixed ball spline and a mobile gelatin phantom on a low-friction cart
(B) Setup with a fixed gelatin phantom and a mobile ball spline mechanism
The gelatin/water mixtures were poured into molds and stored overnight at 5&#x000b0;C to solidify
the gelatin phantoms were cut to their final dimensions
a new gelatin phantom was positioned in front of the needle
The needle was inserted over an initial distance of 40&#x000a0;mm to ensure initial contact between the needle segments and the gelatin and to ensure the prototype was inserted in a straight direction
the Splinositor was actuated for fifteen actuation cycles
Each experimental condition was repeated three times
we cleaned the needle with water to remove the remaining gelatin
<a href="#T1">Table 1</a> shows the mean and standard deviation of the slip ratio for each experimental condition. <a href="#F8">Figure 8</a> shows the slip ratio for each trial
The mean slip ratio in 15-wt% gelatin phantoms was 0.32 for the experimental conditions where the central ball spline was able to move like intended (n &#x0003d; 9) and 0.61 for the experimental conditions where the central ball spline was fixed in position and the tissue was placed on a low friction cart (n &#x0003d; 9)
the mean slip ratio for each velocity evaluated was lower for the conditions where the central ball spline was able to move as intended than for the conditions where the central ball spline was fixed
Increasing the actuation velocity from &#x003c0; to 2&#x003c0; to 3&#x003c0; rad/s resulted in a decrease in the mean slip ratio for conditions where the ball spline was able to move while resulting in an increase in the mean slip ratio for conditions where the ball spline remained fixed
decreasing the gelatin weight concentration from 15&#x000a0;wt% to 10&#x000a0;wt% to 5&#x000a0;wt% resulted in a decrease in the mean slip ratio
Slip ratio of the needle in gelatin phantoms (A) for different actuation angular velocities and (B) for different gelatin weight concentrations
The orange squares indicate the single trials for the condition with a fixed base plate
and a mobile gelatin sample on a low-friction cart
The blue circles indicate the single trials for the condition with a fixed base plate
We have presented the design of a manual actuation system for a needle that uses the self-propelling principle of the female parasitic wasp and can travel through stationary tissue phantoms
The manually controlled actuation system allows the operator to drive the needle directly and intuitively using a continuous manual input rotation
the actuation system allows the needle to propel through tissue phantoms
For each actuation velocity evaluated, the slip ratio was higher for the fixed ball spline configuration than that for the movable ball spline. The high slip ratio for the fixed ball spline configuration indicates that the cutting and friction forces acting on the advancing needle segment and the inertia of the tissue cart and friction force acting on the bearings of the tissue cart altogether were near the friction forces on the retracting needle segments (<a href="#e3">Equation 3</a>)
it indicates that the inertia of the tissue cart and friction force acting on the bearings of the tissue cart hinder the self-propelled motion of the wasp-inspired needle more than the inertia and friction force introduced by the components of the actuation system that travel with the needle segments in the positive y-direction for the movable ball spline configuration
This indicates that the low net insertion force exerted on the needle segments by the actuation system of the Splinositor reduces the slip ratio
thereby enhancing the efficiency of needle advancement through gelatin phantoms
compared to wasp-inspired needles that can self-propel through gelatin phantoms with a zero net insertion force
the theoretical critical load for each needle segment is approximately 0.5&#x000a0;N
Force measurements of manual insertion of our needle bundle
into 5-wt% and 10-wt% gelatin phantoms using a force gauge showed peak insertion forces of 0.15 &#x000b1; 0.082&#x000a0;N (mean &#x000b1; standard deviation
n &#x0003d; 3) and 0.80 &#x000b1; 0.15&#x000a0;N (mean &#x000b1; standard deviation
This indicates that the insertion force on each needle segment during insertion of the needle bundle in 5-wt% and 10-wt% gelatin samples remains below the critical load of the needle segments
making it incapable of successful insertion
This indicates that the insertion force on each needle segment required to push the needle bundle into 15-wt% gelatin phantoms was higher than the critical load of the needle segments
performance evaluation of Splinositor inside 15-wt% gelatin phantoms showed needle insertion without buckling
we can conclude that the insertion force exerted on the needle segments by the actuation system remained below the critical load of the needle
We performed force measurements using a force gauge to show the insertion force exerted on the needle segments by the actuation system
The peak force was in the range of 0.05&#x02013;0.40&#x000a0;N (0.18 &#x000b1; 0.12&#x000a0;N; mean &#x000b1; standard deviation
which indicates the low net insertion force of 0.05&#x02013;0.40&#x000a0;N remains below the critical load of the needle and therefore prevents needle buckling
The actuation system design in this study allows the needle to travel over 100&#x000a0;mm
This travel distance is limited by the length of the drive cylinder of the ball spline
The follower cylinder of the ball spline and
the cam and the needle segments can travel 100&#x000a0;mm in the y-direction
This travel distance can be extended by extending the drive cylinder length
this would linearly increase the length of the actuation system design
The current design consists of a tabletop actuation system and a needle
for the design to replace the conventional needles used in percutaneous procedures in a clinical setting
the design should be adapted to a hand-held device
the actuation system could be miniaturized and included in a handle that moves forward following the wasp-inspired motion of the needle
The components of the actuation system that travel with the needle segments in the positive y-direction have a mass
their effect of inertia cannot be ruled out
These components include the follower cylinder of the ball spline
the mass of the moving components could be minimized
and the actuation sequence could be adapted to a continuous motion
so the components move with a constant velocity
we ensured the horizontal alignment of the experimental setup by using a spirit level
This was crucial to prevent gravitational effects on the movement of the follower cylinder of the ball spline and
which is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the needle segments and the corresponding moving components
When the operator tilts the prototype at an angle
the wasp-inspired motion of the needle segments becomes subject to the gravitational forces within the actuation system
the force of gravity resolves into two components
one parallel to the inclined surface and the other perpendicular to the inclined surface
The force component parallel to the inclined surface would influence the friction forces involved in the wasp-inspired motion
the six needle segments are bundled by a heat shrink tube
which might hinder the needle&#x02019;s propagation into a substrate (e.g.
The needle&#x02019;s wasp-inspired propulsion with a low net insertion force depends on the surface area of the needle segments in direct contact with the substrate
As the needle is advanced further into the substrate
the surface area of the needle segments in direct contact with the tissue increases
whereas the surface area of the heat shrink tube in contact with the substrate remains unchanged
the influence of the heat shrink tube on the needle propulsion declines as the needle advances further into the tissue
Future versions of the Splinositor could incorporate a different bundling mechanism to improve the needle&#x02019;s wasp-inspired propulsion mechanism
To clinically use the Splinositor as a passageway to a target location inside the body
and position instruments such as radioactive seeds and optical fibers in the body
a functional element should be added as a central element of the needle or should replace one of the needle segments
it will be interesting to investigate the implementation of a functional element
such as an optical fiber or a tube connected to a syringe
into the Splinositor and investigate the effect on its self-propelled motion
the Splinositor employs a manual actuation system
Further studies could explore alternative actuation methods that allow for downscaling of the actuation system
we developed a stationary manual actuation system for a needle that uses the self-propelling principle of the parasitic wasp and can travel through stationary tissue
Its connection to the actuation system using a ball spline introduces a small friction force
generating a small insertion force on the needle that facilitates the needle&#x02019;s propulsion into tissue while preventing needle buckling
it will be interesting to develop an actuation system capable of exerting an insertion force equivalent in magnitude to the pulling force induced by the wasp-inspired self-propelled motion within the tissue
This study presents the design of a manually actuated needle that uses the self-propelling principle of the female parasitic wasp and can travel through stationary tissue phantoms
We have shown that a continuous input rotation can actuate the reciprocating motion of six parallel needle segments using a ball spline-based actuation system
The prototype allows the tissue to remain in place while the needle propels inside the tissue using a low net insertion force of 0.05&#x02013;0.40&#x000a0;N (0.18 &#x000b1; 0.12&#x000a0;N; mean &#x000b1; standard deviation) exerted by the actuation system
The mean slip ratio for each velocity evaluated in 15-wt% gelatin was lower for the conditions where the central ball spline was able to move like intended (i.e.
respectively) than for the conditions where the central ball spline was fixed (i.e.
This indicates that the actuation system&#x02019;s low net insertion force helps propel the needle through the tissue with a low slip ratio and without buckling
and 5-wt% gelatin tissue phantoms showed that decreasing the gelatin concentration decreased the mean slip ratios from 0.35 to 0.18 and 0.19
the ball spline-based actuation system is a step forward in developing a wasp-inspired needle for percutaneous procedures that prevents buckling
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/<a href="#SM1">Supplementary Material</a>
further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author
The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research
This research is supported by Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
domain Applied and Engineering Sciences (TTW)
The authors would like to thank David Jager
and Mario van der Wel of the DEMO workshop of Delft University of Technology for their help in manufacturing the prototype
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1468605/full#supplementary-material">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1468605/full&#x00023;supplementary-material</a>
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Breedveld P and Sakes A (2024) Design and evaluation of a ball spline wasp-inspired needle
Received: 22 July 2024; Accepted: 12 November 2024;Published: 28 November 2024
Copyright &#x000a9; 2024 Bloemberg, Fung-A-Jou, Breedveld and Sakes. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).</a> The use
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&#x0002a;Correspondence: Jette Bloemberg, <a id="encmail">ai5ibG9lbWJlcmdAdHVkZWxmdC5ubA==</a>
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The following is the opinion and analysis of the writer:
and I am running to be your next Pima County Attorney
believing it is applied unfairly and arbitrarily
and I support automatic diversion for many non-violent crimes
I hold an environmental law degree and an MBA in management and finance
My career has been dedicated to justice and community service
and I have the experience and ethics to do this job right
I served as a prosecutor at county (Santa Cruz)
I was honored to represent the United States and the Department of Justice internationally
working in countries like Pakistan and the Philippines
where I set up prosecution offices and promoted the rule of law
One of the most challenging moments of my career involved extraditing terrorists and aiding Afghan refugees in escaping the Taliban
Navigating these high-stake cases required legal expertise
and the ability to manage complex inter-agency collaborations to ensure our nation’s security and the safety of those fleeing theocratic oppression
I prosecuted victim cases including burglaries
I trained new attorneys and agents with the FBI
I have been involved in thousands of criminal investigations and over 100 trials
I pride myself on always giving a voice to victims of crime
My professional journey thus far has instilled in me a profound understanding that justice is not merely about punishment but about restoring balance
and providing the necessary services to both defendants and victims
my opponent lacks the needed experience to be the top prosecutor in our county
She has never prosecuted a case or conducted a single trial and
Her record over the last three plus years is telling
domestic violence offenders are not being prosecuted; protocols to support victims have been dismantled; and victims lament that she has violated their Victim Rights and ignored their voices by offering lenient plea bargains to violent offenders
She has also violated Constitutional speedy trial rights of both defendants and victims
and attorneys and staff have left her office in droves
she had to undergo ethics training by the State Bar
and spread lies about her own conduct and her opponent
I bring extensive prosecution and management experience
and a dedication to justice that is compassionate and fair
I stand firm for Democratic and community values
My ongoing commitment to community service includes coaching for Special Olympics and for high school mock trial
serving as President of Tucson Clean and Beautiful
and volunteering as a crisis advocate for sexual assault victims
I am proud and humbled to have so many endorsements from great legal professionals
and law enforcement unions including: the Arizona chapter of the National Organization for Women; Tucson Association of Realtors; AZcops; and the Tucson Police Officers Association
The Pima County Attorney’s Office requires a leader with relevant experience as a prosecutor and someone with a history of giving back to the community
My global perspective ensures that our local justice system is part of a larger
inter-connected network that provides security and support for our community
Your well-being and safety are my top priorities and I ask for your vote this election
Follow these steps to easily submit a letter to the editor or guest opinion to the Arizona Daily Star
Mike Jette is a Democratic candidate for Pima County Attorney. His full resume, list of endorsements and additional information about him can be found on his campaign website at <a href="https://mikejette.com">https://mikejette.com</a>
Respond:  <a href="https://speedway.tucson.com/letters/?action=letter&uuid=2ac21ada-3ad9-11ef-84dc-a32e28b9d7af">Write a letter to the editor</a> | <a href="https://speedway.tucson.com/letters/?action=opinion&uuid=2ac21ada-3ad9-11ef-84dc-a32e28b9d7af">Write a guest opinion</a>
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Inspired by nature&rsquo;s soft contours, Forestier&rsquo;s <a href=https://www.designboom.com/tag/lighting-installation-and-design/ >lighting</a> collection
transforms the elegance of lily petals into sculptural forms
bringing modern design and a serene ambience indoors
Forestier collaborates with renowned designers to create lighting pieces that blend geometric and organic shapes
enhancing any interior space | all images courtesy of Forestier
Read in a void, Maison <a href=https://www.architonic.com/en/microsite/forestier/3103924 target=_blank rel=noopener>Forestier</a>&rsquo;s remit of an ongoing &lsquo;quest for perpetual originality and mastery of the delicate balance between nature and design&rsquo; may sound a little abstract
But the Parisian lighting brand has &ndash; since its topiary-inspired inception by Bernard Forestier in 1992 &ndash; carved a beatific niche in its industry
freedom and discovery to fashion radiant wares that meld unique aesthetics with keen functionality
Designer Jette Scheib joins Forestier to create the LYS collection
Its <a href=https://www.architonic.com/en/products/forestier/3103924/0/1 target=_blank rel=noopener>lighting pieces</a> &ndash; from pendant
created in collaboration with impresario designers as lauded as Arik Levy
Emmanuel Gallina and countless other luminaries &ndash; merge geometric and organic shapes to winsome and poetic effect
Grass and Parrot &ndash; Scheib&rsquo;s undulating designs are directly inspired by vegetation and
radiates beauty and significance,&rsquo; explains Scheib
&lsquo;Different lily colours carry distinct meanings
The LYS collection reflects the elegant petals of the royal lily
available in natural wood veneer or a striking dark black finish
She&rsquo;s at pains to acknowledge that a channelling of nature&rsquo;s alluring and variegated shapes &ndash; not least those of flowers &ndash; isn&rsquo;t exactly fresh ground for product designers. But by eschewing a single bulb, and instead integrating LED-compatible light sources within each set of unfurling petals, <a href=https://www.architonic.com/en/microsite/jette-scheib/10001173 target=_blank rel=noopener>Scheib</a> has created illuminated marvels
emanating an irresistibly multifaceted and inviting ambience: &lsquo;My goal was to capture the lily&rsquo;s mystical quality
not merely wrapping leaves around a bulb but creating a glowing blossom where each petal radiates light
hiding the mechanics to preserve the piece&rsquo;s poetry and allure.&rsquo;
This isn&rsquo;t just a trend &ndash; it&rsquo;s an essential way forward.&rsquo;
This collection exemplifies Forestier&rsquo;s vision of capturing the essence of the natural world in each sculptural lighting piece
At its core, <a href=https://www.architonic.com/en/microsite/jette-scheib/10001173 target=_blank rel=noopener>Scheib</a>&rsquo;s<a href=https://www.architonic.com/en/product/forestier-lys-pendant-lamp-l-wood/20322068 target=_blank rel=noopener> LYS</a> lighting emphasises a deep appreciation for organic forms &ndash; mirroring <a href=https://www.architonic.com/en/microsite/forestier/3103924 target=_blank rel=noopener>Forestier</a>&lsquo;s dedication to creating enveloping
evocative lighting that brings nature indoors
while also giving the user reason to pause and decompress
LYS is crafted &ndash; wholly successfully &ndash; to evoke a deeper emotional response
&lsquo;<a href=https://www.architonic.com/en/product/forestier-lys-pendant-lamp-l-wood/20322068 target=_blank rel=noopener>LYS</a> is more than a lamp &ndash; it&rsquo;s an art piece
calm and inspiration into everyday life.&rsquo; It&rsquo;s a luminous approach
Guest Feature by Tom Howells / <a href=https://www.architonic.com/ target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">Architonic</a>
AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function
but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style
(KGUN) — Mike Jette said he has been a community activist in Southern Arizona for years
He has been on the board for Tucson Clean And Beautiful and the Tucson Museum of Art and has also been a coach for the Special Olympics among other things
but I’ve been a community activist,” he sad
He said he was chosen by the Department of Justice to set up prosecution offices abroad and also worked at the U.S
“I’ve been gone for nearly two and half years setting up offices in Pakistan
He has a three part view on the cash bail bonds system
The first involves people who are dangerous and violent who should never get a bond
“They stay in custody pending the outcome of their trial or however they’re adjudicated,” he explained about his ideas if he were to be elected
His second category would be people in custody because of non-violent misdemeanors who he said should not be in custody
“You want them back supporting their families and you can summons them in or bring them in for the court hearing
There’s no threat to the community,” he said
If elected he said he would tell his attorneys to agree with release conditions and would appeal to a superior court judge if there’s an issue with the initial appearance
The third category he would make is for people who commit white collar crime who he said should have a bond
“They have to pay into the system because we don’t know if they’re going to flee on you because they have the resources to flee,” he said
he said 99 percent of cases would have no bonds
Jette said he does not believe in the death penalty and said his administration would never seek it because it’s too expensive
“The amount of money we spend seeking the death penalty where I could focus on other homicides
Jette said there shouldn’t be overcharging or over sentencing
In drug possession or use cases he said a diversion program is fitting
“The victims need to have their voices heard too so if you ignore that because you’re so focused on these defendants
you’re avoiding the other piece of this equation,” he said
Sheriff Chris Nanos said the Pima County Jail is aging and the county needs a new one
Jette said there needs to be a new study before proceeding with it
everyone needs to be treated fairly and safely in those jails
including the inmates and the workers,” Jette said
Jette said it’s his experiences prosecuting cases that he hopes is going to win over voters
the more severe cases and then your ultimate severe cases of homicide and sex assault
So you learn how to adjudicate these causes justly and there’s a fair treatment among defendants across the spectrum,” he said
Current Pima County Attorney Laura Conover is his opponent and you can find her profile below
<a class="Link" href="#report-a-typo" data-name="report-a-typo" class="report-a-typo" data-cms-ai="0">Report a typo</a>
ECHL affiliate of the National Hockey League's San Jose Sharks and American Hockey League's San Jose Barracuda
announced the re-signing of forward Jake Wahlin and defenseman Tyler Jette for the 2024-25 season.&nbsp;
Wahlin returns to Wichita for a fourth season
he was one of two Thunder players last year that saw action in all 72 games collecting 29 points (8g-21a)
Wahlin has tallied 99 points (38g-61a) in 217 career ECHL games.&nbsp;
he split the 2020-21 season with Rapid City and the SPHL's Pensacola Ice Flyers
He recorded 37 points (19g-18a) in 37 games for the Ice Flyers
Wahlin was named as the SPHL Rookie of the Year
First All-Star Team and won the President's Trophy.&nbsp;
He finished with 40 points (16g-24a) in 127 games
Wahlin helped the Huskies to back-to-back Penrose Cups
winning the Clark Cup in 2015-16 with the United States Hockey League's Tri-City Storm
Wahlin also won a Bronze Medal for Team USA at the World Junior A Under 19 Tournament.&nbsp;
Jette returns to Wichita after signing this past February
he recorded five points (1g-4a).&nbsp;&nbsp;Jette turned pro after finishing a four-year career at Lakehead University
he collected 28 points (5g-23a) in 87 career games with the Thunderwolves
Jette also tallied two helpers in nine playoff games before Lakehead was knocked out of the playoffs
Jette played two seasons with the Alberta Junior Hockey League's Sherwood Park Crusaders
he was named team captain and had a career-best 27 points (5g-22a) in 45 games.&nbsp;
Hockey" Award following the 2015-16 season with Farmington High School
This award is given to the most outstanding player in Minnesota State High School Hockey.&nbsp;
Sign up for our email newsletter to be the first to know about ECHL news
speaking here at a news conference explaining the decision by her office not to pursue charges against corrections officers in the the death of Wade Welch
is seeking a second term as the county’s top prosecutor
The race will be settled in the Democratic primary against challenger Mike Jette
Mike Jette says he has the prosecutorial experience to take the reigns of the Pima County Attorney’s Office from Laura Conover
The race to be Pima County’s top prosecutor will be settled in the July 30 Democratic primary election between incumbent Laura Conover and challenger Mike Jette
The Pima County Attorney’s Office has an annual budget of about $40 million
decides whether or not to charge defendants with a crime and provides legal counsel for the Board of Supervisors
administration and all other county offices
It also investigates allegations of police misconduct
reviews police shootings and lobbies the state Legislature on issues that range from victims rights and crime bills to abortion access
Laura Conover was first elected to the post in 2020
who decided not to seek reelection after leading the office from 1996 through 2020
a career prosecutor with 16 years of experience at the Santa Cruz County Attorney’s Office
the Arizona Attorney General’s Office and the U.S
Conover and Jette both say they want to prioritize prosecuting violent crime and protect the elderly and others vulnerable to scams
And they say they’re committed to avoiding sending people with substance abuse problems to jail
oppose the death penalty and favor diversion over prison for nonviolent crimes when mental health or drug issues are an underlying issue
how to do the job and what defines effectiveness
Conover graduated from the University of Arizona’s James E
She became a criminal defense attorney who worked in superior and federal courts for more than a decade
Conover then became a legal victims’ advocate and worked with employers to hire inmates released from prison, <a href="https://tucson.com/opinion/local/laura-conover-heres-why-i-want-to-be-your-pima-county-attorney/article_8fdc9a0d-19ba-51a9-ae9e-409943653e11.html">telling the Star in February 2020</a> that after graduation
she dedicated her career to “defending the poor
and fighting for justice in local and federal courts.”
and in 2018 she was appointed by federal judges to manage nearly 400 federal contract lawyers statewide
She would go on to announce her run for the office in November 2019, with a “responsible reform” of the office as a top priority <a href="https://tucson.com/news/local/3-candidates-vying-to-become-pima-countys-top-prosecutor-first-new-one-in-two-decades/article_727636cf-1795-51c1-bcf8-dad40fde685e.html" target="_blank">heading into the August 2020 primary</a>
telling the Star Pima County “cannot keep using our jails to warehouse poor people,” and that it “cannot continue prosecuting people for being mentally ill while not prosecuting those who actually harm us.”
Conover garnered endorsements from Rep. Raúl Grijalva and other Democratic heavyweights and even <a href="https://twitter.com/johnlegend/status/1280932027626164224">from musician John Legend</a>
She won about 60% of the vote in a three-way primary race
Conover has stated multiple times this campaign that her biggest challenge when entering office in January 2021 was the nationwide crime spike and a “backlog” of 144 homicide cases dating back to 2017
which took her office about two years to clear
She told the Star last week that the county is down 43% on homicides and 39% down on robberies compared to two years ago
She points to he office distributing more than 18,000 gun locks
helping to pass a county-wide prohibited possessor law and introducing diversion programs and alternatives to incarceration to steer those with mental health or addiction issues towards treatment
Concerns of retail theft and the impact it has on businesses has been a core concern of residents in recent years
A sticking point for Conover detractors was the case of Jose Monreal
a Pima County corrections officer who was caught stealing items from a Walmart self-checkout 23 separate times
He was arrested in 2023 on 23 counts of theft
but Conover’s office declined to press charges
for a guy with no criminal history,” Conover told the Star
this is a dad with a whole bunch of kids who was (stealing) packages of frozen food ..
Conover has continuously denied allegations of misconduct in her actions related to the Taylor cases
it became clear that the law was restricting me all the way down
to only anything new I could bring into court after 2013
“It was hard to accept that legal conclusion
I’ve never been challenged on the actual legal conclusion
it is a willingness to make unpopular decision
because unless the standard is to do the right thing
and organizations such as Planned Parenthood Advocates of Arizona and Arizona List
Conover says she is committed to fighting for reproductive rights
continuing her environmental unit’s fight to protect groundwater
pushing preventative measures against violent crime and confronting the fentanyl crisis
Conover says the fact that she and Jette’s campaign share many similar priorities for the office is a good sign
“Quite frankly it’s a tremendous accomplishment
it’s an acknowledgement and a realization that we are on the right track
that the community that voted me in pretty overwhelmingly had chosen our platform and that we’ve been producing,” Conover said last week
we’re getting results (and) we’re making progress.”
Conover plans to continue the work her offices established in jurisdictional collaboration
which includes regular meetings with the county administrator
She says a collaborative approach to tackling major community problems is critical and works
She cited recent data showing a slight drop in homelessness and overdose deaths here
“I really do think these metro solutions we’re putting into place are starting to pay off.”
Pima County saw overdose deaths rise from 2020 into 2021, Conover’s first year in office, from 445 to 497, respectively. In 2022, overdose deaths remained relatively the same, 495, according to the Pima County Medical Examiner’s Office’s <a href="https://app.powerbigov.us/view?r=eyJrIjoiMjU4NGYxMGYtZmQ5Yi00OTdhLTkzZTYtOGZiZDZiYzg4OGU3IiwidCI6IjMzYjZlMmMzLTBiMWEtNDg3OS1iNzQxLTQ3NDYxYTZjMWE4OSJ9" target="_blank">data dashboard</a>
The largest tally in overdose deaths came in 2023
200 total overdose deaths have occurred so far this year
Conover says the drop she sees in overdose deaths can be attributed to implementations like the Supportive Treatment and Engagement Programs with Services (STEPs) Court
which came by way of a partnership between the County Attorney’s Office and the Superior Court which started in 2021
She also said that continuing county programs and resources like these are the way further implement ‘responsible reform.’
like with the city’s Department of Health and Wellness
because when you understand that health and safety is all one thing
your whole universe has expanded,” she said
“We used to spend a third of our prosecutorial budget on before I came on simple drug possession and paraphernalia
Just think of how we’ve reworked that into prosecutors actually doing the job they went to school to do.”
After attending the University of Oregon on a scholarship for football
he earned his law degree from Lewis &amp; Clark College in 2001 before moving to Tucson in 2002
He later earned degrees from the Thunderbird School of Management in 2004 and a master’s degree in international security from the UA in 2021
Jette has stated multiple times that his nearly two decades in various prosecutorial roles at the county
federal and international levels makes him the right candidate to take over the office
Jette resigned as a federal prosecutor to run for county attorney
which caused thousands of Comcast subscribers to see 37 seconds of an X-rated movie during a replay
He returned to Tucson last year after an being in an over-two year U.S
hiring prosecutors and training them on cases such as terrorism
Jette − and his supporters − have criticized Conover for her lack of prosecutorial experience
perceived conflicts in certain high-profile cases and the fact that the former criminal defense attorney is running the county’s top prosecutorial office
the Santa Cruz County Attorney’s Office added Jette as co-counsel in the high-profile border shooting case against George Alan Kelly case
who was arrested in the January 2023 shooting death of a migrant near Nogales
the jury split 7-1 in favor of acquitting Kelly
acknowledged that it was a failure on the verdict
but that has “nothing to do with the prosecution,” or the officers “who spent months and months in trial prep” for the case
And then we have a jury system that decided a different way,” he said
We live in a place where people get ratcheted up on nonsense
hysterical comments about crime and violence at the border
and local organizations such as the Tucson Crime Free Coalition and the Pima County Deputy’s Organization
Jette told the Star the first of many <a href="https://mikejette.com/issues" target="_blank">priorities</a> for the office are to implement a policy to send nonviolent — especially first-time offenders − through diversion programs “automatically.” He also would try to get many of the experienced staffers who left the office soon after Conover took control to return
because when you get me involved or law enforcement
you’ve got things bringing implicit bias (in),” he said
“If I can could take 10 of those (defendants) and take two or three out (to diversion) immediately
He also said the fraud unit can do more to recover losses here
“The last case I did before leaving Pakistan
So this $1 million (recovered from the office’s financial crimes unit in its first year) is cute
but there’s billions of dollars of fraud going on
and nothing’s being done,” he told the Star
He said LaWall transferred most while collar crimes
allowing her office to focus more on violent crimes
“That’s what we call good management,” Jette said
Jette said Conover is saying more than she is doing when it comes to utilizing diversion in cases where it appropriate
there were 1,500 people in the diversion program
but the only thing you’re doing is just not doing anything,” Jette said
“and then you can easily just sell that to the public
According to <a href="https://www.pcao.pima.gov/by-the-numbers" target="_blank">data from the Pima County Attorney’s Office</a>
there were 415 “successful” diversions and 137 “unsuccessful” diversions in 2020
In 2021 − Conover’s first year in office − STEPs Court
That year, STEPs was offered to defendants 331 times, with 63 “completed” and 129 “failed,” data shows. Additionally, there were 247 “successful” and 32 “unsuccessful” diversions cases <a href="https://www.pcao.pima.gov/pcao-divisions/diversion-programs" target="_blank">from additional programs in the office</a>
resulting in 150 cases that were “completed” and 127 that were “unsuccessful.” An additional 387 diversion cases were “successful” and 55 were “unsuccessful,” data shows
Criticism against Jette by Conover and her supporters begins with his frequent changes in his political affiliation
Jette first registered here in 2002 as a Democrat
He changed to “Party Not Designated” in 2005
He registered as independent in 2015 then unaffiliated in 2019
And Jette registered as a Democrat in 2023
according to the Pima County Recorder’s Office
Jette told the Star last week that the initial change to an Independent affiliation was based on a suggestion from his former boss
when Jette was with the Arizona Attorney General’s Office
“I was doing <a href="http://rionuevo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Attorney-Generals-Letter-Declining-Prosecution.pdf" target="_blank">Rio Nuevo</a>
I was prosecuting and investigating judges and cops
reiterating the advice received by Goddard
that “it looks better for the office if you have an independent prosecutor” handling these cases
Jette acknowledged that the County Attorney’s Office
but the “reality of the situation” is that Independents don’t win offices
The flip to become a Republican, Jette told the Star, was a strategic one, following an incident in 2011 when his home was burglarized. After his case got declined from LaWall’s office that year, Jette said that he considered challenging her as a Republican candidate. He then flipped his political affiliation, and filed an <a href="http://electionfilings.pima.gov:8889" target="_blank">exploratory committee with the county</a> for a potential challenge against LaWall in 2012
“Everyone and their mom told me that you could not
“What makes it funny (is that) Kris Mayes was a Republican for 31 years
and she was an officeholder as a Republican (on the) Arizona Corporation Commission for two terms
“I was Republican for literally a blip in my life
now I’m considered a Republican,” Jette said
because what we want to do now is focus on Mike Jette as a Republican
instead of focusing on 17 years and who’s more competent to run the office.”
“It is absolutely fair to point out that this doesn’t look and feel like a Democratic primary,” Conover told the Star
“And I think it’s fair to point out that we have someone who changed parties in order to file a run in a primary
and his first quarter finance report does not look at all like a Democratic finance report
It looks like a Republican candidate funded by all of the obvious Republican donors and investors that invest in Republicans
Some of these “obvious Republican donors” that jumped out to Conover, she said, were <a href="https://irc.az.gov/about/david-mehl" target="_blank">David Mehl</a>, a <a href="https://tucson.com/news/local/tucson-republican-david-mehl-will-serve-on-powerful-redistricting-panel/article_0ef7f1cd-fa6d-5179-a81c-9c8b858b7a20.html" target="_blank">Tucson Republican on the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</a>
and president and owner of Cottonwood Properties
who donated $2,500 to Jette’s campaign; Conover also pointed to the many board members of HSL Properties
which she says “bundled up somewhere between $20-25,000” for Jette
in an office that has an environmental law unit on the civil side,” Conover said
“We have a candidate who is raising a fortune in that kind of money
in a race that’s really important to protect our precious Sonoran Desert.”
Jette says Conover supporters are trying to make a villain of LaWall
He said he supports her starting the Children Advocacy Center and the changes she pushed for in state’s victim bill of rights
Jette says is less about politics and policies and more about leadership and doing more to meet stated goals
then I probably wouldn’t even be considering it right now,” Jette said
domestic violence aren’t getting prosecuted (and) gun cases aren’t getting prosecuted.”
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Bill Phillips and Terry Frederick all say the  Pima County Sheriff's Department needs to restore its pub&hellip;
The Court of Appeals should intercede in the legal feud over state director appoints between Gov
Katie Hobbs and state GOP lawmakers even bef&hellip;
the city will focus on Tucson's  underserved communities that lack trees for shade and are especially affected by &hellip;
For Star subscribers: Several families have been publicly vocal in their opposition to how the Pima County Attorney's Office has handled crimi&hellip;
Several people have submitted their name for an assortment of non-partisan posts in Pima County that'll be decided in November's general elect&hellip;
who was appointed to the board in December after long-time supervisor Sharon Bronson resigned
Incumbent Pima County Attorney Laura Conover has raised $243,000 in her bid to keep her post as Pima County Attorney
 collected about 67% of the vote early against primary challenger Mike Jette
in which Pima County voters who didn’t vote early will cast their ballots for numerous local
The school committee held a preliminary discussion this week about the evaluation process for Superintendent of Schools Michael Jette as he approaches the completion of his first year at the end of June
The committee will review a past superintendent’s evaluation and documents used in prior performance reviews as examples of how to proceed this time around
working under a three-year contract with an annual salary of $180,000
said he’s also interested in soliciting feedback about his performance from the community and staff “to hear [their input] first-hand and to be as open and transparent as I can be about collecting information and being responsive.”
acting as chair in David Twombly’s absence
said she considers the committee’s role in negotiating contracts with new superintendents and completing their evaluations to be their most important responsibilities
“It’s important to take the time to be very thorough and to have a clear and transparent process,” she said
Conley suggested that rather than Jette seeking feedback from the community himself
“maybe the school committee could ask for input.”
the school superintendent did a self-evaluation that he or she then shared with the school committee prior to writing individual evaluations
Those results were then compiled by the chair and presented to the superintendent and also publicly
the school committee liked the idea of soliciting feedback from school staff
“We want to be sure to get lots of input from all the different stakeholders and that the feedback the committee gives you is aligned with the goals you laid out,” Conley said
The discussion will continue at the next committee meeting on March 10
Jette presented his entry plan for his first year on the job to the school committee last September
and learning” to help set up Hull Public Schools for “success for the next decade.”
Hull’s school superintendents at evaluation time have “written their reflections based on their goals
with concrete examples of how you met those goals
who has not yet participated in a superintendent evaluation
said she thinks it is “important to stick to the [superintendent’s] goals and that stakeholders provide input” into “how all those details will work out will be fleshed out.”
committee member Regan Yakubian will contact the Massachusetts Association of School Committees for guidance about how to conduct an effective superintendent evaluation process
Jette will also share a survey he’s familiar with that is focused on leadership and the delivery of services
Copyright © 2018-2025 · Hull Times Media Group
New Superintendent of Schools Michael Jette presented his entry plan to the school committee this week
The “#Anchored in” theme for the 2024-25 school year relates to belonging
Hull Superintendent of Schools michael Jette
who is in his first year leading the district
This is the first school year under the reconfiguration plan that places preK through grade 7 students at the Jacobs School and grades 8-12 at the high school
Jette’s entry plan includes visiting every classroom before the end of September and each school weekly; reviewing school improvement plans and Department of Elementary and Secondary Education “report cards;” looking for indicators and trends related to a sense of belonging for all students; “being mindful of opportunity gaps” and addressing them; and keeping an eye on enrollment reports
<a href="/s/convocation-agenda.pdf" target="_blank">Click here for the Hull Public Schools 2024 Convocation presentation and Superintendent Michael Jette’s Entry Plan. </a>
and we need to keep paying attention [to this issue],” he said
The plan also included meeting with key staff before the end of July “to get a sense of what they value and want to protect moving forward and to address [those as] a team,” as well as one-on-one meetings with the school committee; talking with Hull Teachers Association leaders “to build a collaborative relationship right out of the gate;” and meeting with representatives of the Boosters
Jette said he enjoyed talking with people at last weekend’s Endless Summer celebration
whenever he saw someone wearing something bearing a Pirate logo
Scheduling and attending community listening sessions and developing feedback mechanisms related to the opening of school under the reconfiguration plan and monitoring how it progresses are also part of the entry plan
along with developing and implementing “a full-circle feedback tool for [school] leadership.”
Both schools have done a “really good job” implementing the reconfiguration plan so far
“There’s still work to be done related to making all of this work in a seamless way.”
As part of his overall efforts to get to know the community better
Jette also reached out to the senior center “to see if there are opportunities throughout the fall to engage with and hear from folks without children in the schools to see what’s on their minds.”
Jette also plans to utilize open-ended interviews as an opportunity to learn from stakeholders; develop a communication plan involving parents and the community; ensure that all school leaders have the tools to be successful in their roles; establish a meeting schedule “to provide collegial support;” and continue to develop the “#Anchored in” theme for the 2024-25 school year
Because the current Hull Public Schools strategic plan covers the years 2019 to 2025
Jette intends to collaborate with the school committee and others during the winter and to begin drafting a new one in spring 2025
The goal is to begin implementing the new strategic plan next summer – including district and school goals “to ensure we are all pulling in the same direction,” he told the school committee
Jette noted that September 3 was his 34th consecutive first day of school since he started teaching
Adding 13 years of public K-12 education and six years of college brings the total to 53 first days of school he has experienced since he started kindergarten in 1972
Jette shared his thoughts about what education means to him –including that students
and educators benefit from a “growth-oriented mindset” based on the premise that all students can learn; all teachers “must continually refine their practice;” and that the school community “must commit to high-quality professional development.”
School systems “must develop a sense of belonging for all students,” Jette said
noting that “decisions that work involve key stakeholders” and that “chain of command is important.”
The focus of Jacobs School this year is on achievement
Three New Bedford and Fall River residents were arrested by the Wareham Police Department on Sunday
11 after officers found a Glock handgun in a suspicious vehicle that was later found to be stolen
and an unnamed 17-year-old from Fall River were charged with receiving a stolen motor vehicle
carrying a firearm without a license and improper storage of a large capacity firearm
Jette and the unnamed 17-year-old were also charged with disorderly conduct
The Wareham Police Department was alerted to a suspicious motor vehicle in the area of 227 Onset Avenue at approximately 7:55 p.m
Hudson and the unnamed 17-year-old were associated with the vehicle
according to the Wareham Police Department
Chief Walter Correia praised the work of the Wareham officers involved for taking a firearm off the streets of Wareham
Gabrielle Jette is aware of the education freedom account program
The Manchester resident sends two of her three children
which features small class sizes and outdoor time
has proven highly effective for her 6-year-old son
But her and her husband’s income puts Jette just above the threshold to qualify for the program – $132,775 for a family of five – and means she cannot receive upwards of $4,000 per child in state funds toward tuition
“We do pay out of pocket for all of the children’s education expenses
and we are able to make it work,” she said
my husband and I are budgeting to (understand) where can we cut things
Jette estimated her family was within $10,000 in annual income of qualifying for the program
It’s a situation for which state Republicans have a simple solution: Remove all income caps and make education freedom accounts available to everyone. On Thursday, hundreds showed up to a packed House Education Committee meeting, passionately supporting or opposed to <a href="https://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/billinfo.aspx?id=67&inflect=2" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">House Bill 115</a>
But despite Republican legislative majorities
passing universal education freedom accounts – an idea strongly opposed by Democrats – is no guarantee
Kelly Ayotte is pumping the brakes slightly
Ayotte endorsed the idea of extending the program to families of all income levels
she has indicated that the state might not hit that goal this year
“I support every family having the opportunity,” Ayotte said at a press gaggle Wednesday
But she added that it remains to be worked out “how we get there in expanding it
making sure that we’re doing that in a way that makes sense so that we can administer the program properly.”
“I’ll work with the Legislature on that as the ultimate goal,” she added
“And what we do over this biennium: I think that we will be
regardless of whether we get to universal or not
Rapid expansion of education accountsNew Hampshire’s education freedom account program has existed since 2021
which allows any family under the income limit to receive the state’s per-pupil adequacy aid – generally between $4,000 and $8,000 per student – had 1,635 students enrolled in its first full school year
The Legislature raised the income limit in 2023
Democrats say the rapid increase in participation is a reason for the Legislature to stop raising the income cap
the state is expected to spend $27.7 million; in the first year
All students whose families meet the income limits in their first year of the EFA are eligible to stay in the program even if their family income surpasses the cap
meaning many who qualify continue to use them
A Jan. 8 analysis by the pro-public education research organization Reaching Higher New Hampshire found that if every New Hampshire student currently enrolled in private school or home-schooling were to apply for an EFA, the state would pay <a href=https://www.reachinghighernh.org/UploadedFiles/Images/RHNH%20Universal%20School%20Voucher%20Expansion%20Model%202025.pdf target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">about $101.9 million per year</a>
“Voting against the HB 115 is one of the most fiscally responsible actions you can take for the New Hampshire taxpayers,” said Rep
The bill has drawn many opponents: 3,247 people have submitted online testimony opposing it so far
according to the New Hampshire General Court website
But Republicans say the program is providing meaningful alternatives to public school for families
and is making those private school or home-school costs financially manageable
And they argue the cost concerns are overblown
noting that the Education Trust Fund – which pays for the state’s portion of public schools – is projected to take in $1.2 billion in revenue in 2025
“I do think it’s only a modest request that every child has an education that meets their needs,” said Rep
a Salem Republican and the prime sponsor of the bill
“I don’t think that’s asking for too much for a student.” 
While Republicans support the EFA program – a program that was created by Republicans and nearly universally opposed by Democrats – Republican lawmakers have not all supported increasing the income limit
the program was capped at families making up to 300 percent of the federal poverty level – $96,450 for a family of four in 2025 dollars
Republican lawmakers raised it to 350 percent of the federal poverty level in 2023 – $112,525 in 2025 dollars for a family of four
But when House Republicans attempted to raise the income cap again in 2024
the Republican-led Senate balked at the increase and ultimately killed that effort
Senate Republicans had attempted to compromise with an increase to 400 percent – $128,600 for a family of four – which House Republicans rejected as too modest
The median household income for a family in the state in 2023 was $116,546, according to the <a href="https://data.census.gov/profile/New_Hampshire?g=040XX00US33#income-and-poverty" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">2023 American Community Survey by the U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Senate Republican leaders said it would not be responsible to pass an expansion that could affect the state’s Education Trust Fund in a year that was not a budget year
but underwhelming business tax revenues have led to calls for reductions in state spending
which could make passing universal EFAs difficult
6 press conference outlining a list of major legislative priorities for the year
Senate Republicans did not mention education freedom accounts
And during her inaugural address to lawmakers Jan
Ayotte did not advocate for universal EFAs
“We’re going to work – and I look forward to working with all of you – on strengthening and expanding the program to ensure that more families have the freedom to put their children in the learning environment that is best for them to reach their full potential,” she said then
a Salem Republican and the House Republican deputy majority leader
says House Republican leadership supports the removal of income limits
but acknowledged that budget realities could change how that looks in the end
we campaigned on expanding education freedom accounts
and so I can guarantee you that somehow this year
education freedom accounts will be expanded,” said Sweeney
As for the financial impact of any proposal to make the program universal
Sweeney said that will be discussed if the bill is passed by the House and makes it to the House Finance Committee – and as the overall budget is crafted
He said some Republicans are discussing cutting the “ghost payments” – the payments made by the state to public schools in the years following a student’s departure for an EFA – as a way to improve the financial picture
McDonnell’s bill and we’re going to continue tracking it,” he said
increasing the limit would be a boon to one fixture in her family life: the spreadsheet she and her husband use to keep their finances in line to help pay for tuition
And she said she rejects the idea that people making above the current 350 percent cap are from wealthy families
because all the families I’m going to school with
they’re rubbing the pennies together to make it happen,” she said in an interview
This story was originally published by the <a href=https://newhampshirebulletin.com/ target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">New Hampshire Bulletin</a>
Despite years of research on the fundamental mechanisms of emotions
much is still unknown about how the different components of emotions are associated with each other
and how they influence the subjective experience of emotions
By employing a variety of experimental emotion induction methods
the aim of this thesis was to further unravel the interplay between peripheral (‘the body’)- and central neural (‘the brain’) processes in the subjective experience of emotions
this thesis investigated the effects of pharmacological manipulations (thus influencing one of the components of emotion) on the subjective experience of experimentally induced panic
The experiments and the results of this thesis advance our understanding of emotions
and pave the way for future research to advance our understanding of emotions even more.&nbsp;The better all of these associations are understood
the better we can understand when something goes wrong in these emotional processes
which is the case in many mental health conditions.&nbsp;
Click <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UMphddefense">here </a>for the live stream
"Bridging the Gap: Developing Screening Tools for the Early Detection of Carotid Artery Disease"
"Leadership in Colombian Undergraduate Medical Education"
"Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Children Associated Determinants
The two planted half an acre of saffron this autumn
Jette Mandl-Abramson holds a mason jar of cured saffron
— Eager to start a farm and spread their values
a local couple searched long and hard for inspiration
They finally found it by growing the most expensive spice in the world: saffron
saffron is known for its vibrant red-gold color and distinct flavor
Tucked away in the woods near Wells River lies a quaint house filled with light
It backs up to a two-acre field: Calabash Gardens
That is where couple Claudel “Zaka” Chery and Jette Mandl-Abramson have been cultivating saffron since 2018
The farm takes its name from a tree that Chery said has a history of promoting sharing and exchange
“It’s where troubadours sat to tell stories in the village to bring people together around culture and stories and food,” Chery said
“That’s part of the idea behind the name.”
the name of the patron spirit of farming in Haitian religion
where he descended from a long line of farmers
Chery moved to Newbury in 2011 shortly after devastating earthquakes shook his home nation
writer and the first in his family to attend college
Chery has always felt a responsibility to represent farmers in an intellectual and artistic sense
“I was always really proud to represent peasants and farmers
people that work with their hands and the dirt,” he said
who lived across the border in New Hampshire
Mandl-Abramson has a background in small-farm growing and herbalism
She felt strongly about pursuing agriculture in a traditional way
the couple saw an article describing saffron cultivation in Vermont by University of Vermont researchers Margaret Skinner and Arash Ghalehgolabbehbahani
They knew they had found their future — one that combined Mandl-Abramson’s dream of farming with Chery’s intellectual drive
“I wanted something that was going to keep me on my toes
that would keep me engaged intellectually,” Chery said
They decided to buy their property and invest in 2,000 saffron plants
starting with a test plot in the summer of 2018
The first two years of their experiment were extremely successful
and they decided to officially open Calabash Gardens in 2020
they now had around 120,000 plants growing
Flash-forward to November 2024: Chery and Mandl-Abramson had just finished up their season and are continuing to learn saffron’s growing processes
Saffron farming in Vermont is experimental
in part because its life cycle is the opposite of most plants
Saffron is surprisingly resistant to cold and prefers a thick snow cover during the winter
The crop begins its reproductive process in late February before going dormant for the summer
the plants begin to sprout and then flower
They continue to produce more sparsely into November
Chery and Mandl-Abramson said they collect thousands of blossoms for processing
The picking and processing of the crop is long and laborious
red tendrils are embedded in each flower — stigmas
Once the stigmas are harvested from the flowers
they get dehydrated and put into a large jar to cure
The curing process deepens the flavor and scent of the spice and prepares it to be cooked and sold
Every stage of the process includes regenerative agriculture methods
such as sequestering carbon and building biodiversity on the property and in the soil
Mandl-Abramson hopes to implement a full cycle of cover cropping that would reseed itself
filled with herbs to use in apothecary work
saffron could be the perfect crop to do this
There is one major issue standing in the way: weeds
Because of the rich and biodiverse natural soils in Vermont
the weeds on the couple’s farm grow fast and spread quickly
the couple mitigates that with landscape fabric during off-season
Once they are able to reduce the weeds enough
Mandl-Abramson said she will be able to implement her goal of a self-sustaining cover crop cycle
Business outside of the growing season is just as exciting: The couple sells products such as saffron- infused honey
They also host “Calabash Experiences,” farm-to-table dinner parties that take place on their farm
they have invited guest chefs to prepare elaborate saffron-forward meals at a flat rate per person
which typically run from August to October
they hope to expand and make them more accessible by including hors d’oeuvres and a cash bar in lieu of a set
Chery and Mandl-Abramson’s work extends beyond the fields
They want to establish a space for what they call radical love and hospitality
“We try to be a very inclusive and welcoming space for people who can come and need respite or want to just be on the land and get their hands dirty,” Mandl-Abramson said
About half of the shares of the farm are owned by family and friends who assist them
“This is not just us trying to grow gold in the mountains of Vermont
but it’s also trying to build pathways where it could be shared around,” Chery said
Spencer Robb is a reporter with Community News Service
part of the University of Vermont’s Reporting &amp; Documentary Storytelling program
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The element requested is either not valid or does not exist
The ribbon-cutting at the grand opening of Jette Studios
the new 25,000-square-foot film soundstage located on the corner of Highway 311 and Wallace Road was alight with&nbsp;activity
None other than the studio’s much anticipated grand opening of Jette&nbsp;Studios
with a ribbon-cutting ceremony from within the vast 40-foot-high concrete&nbsp;building
dignitaries of every stripe came to celebrate the occasion
alongside virtually everyone who had a hand in the creation of the soundstage
including the studio’s president and founder
The ceremony kicked off with a message and prayer offered by Anishinaabe elder and activist Gramma&nbsp;Shingoose
Shingoose shared hope for the studio’s success and the many good and educational stories that might be created&nbsp;there
She’d recently been contacted by an Indigenous filmmaker
who hoped to create a documentary about Manitoba’s landfill search for the bodies of the four murdered women
a story which has been all over the news for several years&nbsp;now
Project facilitator Gord Daman emceed the morning&nbsp;event
Daman publicly acknowledged the importance that the provincial government has played in terms of rolling out the red carpet for the film&nbsp;industry
Daman credits Niverville’s town council for being proactive in helping to make the project&nbsp;happen
“It’s the local government that knows how to get things done,” Daman told the crowd
“[I’ve] witnessed firsthand the support Niverville council has provided to Jette Studios and the hours of work town staff have contributed to facilitating Juliette’s passion
Mayor Myron Dyck took a moment to cite the economic benefits he believes the studio will bring to the community
He also shared his vision of a collaboration between the studio and the local high&nbsp;school
“I dream about having the performing arts and other trades and support services to the film industry taught at our high school,” Dyck said
“And that one day a high school grad would walk across the stage and receive the highest marks in the field of film… And then
he’s able to come with a resume and ask Juliette for a job
thus fulfilling their dream of being able to live and work in their&nbsp;hometown.”
also shared words of encouragement and&nbsp;support
“The Manitoba Chamber of Commerce represents 65 Chambers of Commerce in Manitoba and close to 10,000 businesses,” Davidson said
but I spend more time at announcements in Niverville than any other Chamber in the&nbsp;province.”
Close to $435 million dollars is spent by the movie industry in Manitoba on an annual basis
“Juliette is one of Canada’s premier film producers,” Daman added
“Her production excellence has been recognized by the Canadian Screen Awards numerous times
Juliette is known in the film industry not only for her passion but her ability to cultivate relationships industry-wide
along with a deep commitment to sustainability and the betterment of the film industry as a&nbsp;whole.”
This brand-new facility represents only the first phase of what’s to become a fully integrated filmmaking&nbsp;campus
In the spirit of supporting local industry
Hagopian applauded the efforts of Niverville resident Kyle Bially
who worked as consultant and general contractor on the&nbsp;project
Local companies Forgotten Flavours and Negash Coffee were also represented through the croissants and coffee being served to&nbsp;guests
Hagopian couldn’t help but recognize her long-time friend Henok Negash Gebre of Negash Coffee and Queen Sheba Coffee&nbsp;Roasters
for inviting me to Niverville and for introducing me to all these people who have made a difference,” she said
“The future goal of the Manitoba film industry is to grow
I am looking so forward to this building allowing Manitoba to grow even bigger in the film industry
The event continued into the afternoon with a public meet-and-greet
giving curiosity-seekers a chance to peek inside and rub shoulders with Hagopian and her&nbsp;crew
As for the high-tech LED screen and state-of-the-art production equipment
Hagopian is so far unable to offer any insight as to its arrival or when the first film shoot would take&nbsp;place
E: <a href="mailto:sales@nivervillecitizen.com">sales@nivervillecitizen.com</a>
Laura Conover gets a hug during her election party Tuesday night after winning her Democratic primary race to earn a second term as Pima County Attorney
Incumbent Laura Conover won the Democratic primary Tuesday night to retain her position as Pima County Attorney
Conover declared victory shortly after challenger Mike Jette conceded the race earlier Tuesday at a gathering of supporters
The election results showed voters chose the county's top prosecutor "on the policies
and not on the massive amounts of money spent in misleading articles and advertisements," Conover said Tuesday night
and I'm certainly impressed with (my) team
"Four years ago it was a really clear mandate
that Pima County was done with spending the most-possible money on the most-expensive system
with a tough-on-crime regime that wasn't producing results and costing taxpayers a fortune
After three-and-a-half years of "sweeping reforms," Conover said
and so we're seeing public safety results 
"I think that's what the voters asked for four years ago and I think we really delivering
and I think it's another clear mandate to drive these policies forward."
She was previously a criminal defense attorney who worked in superior and federal courts for over a decade
Conover founded her own law firm in 2016 and in 2018 she was appointed by federal judges to manage nearly 400 federal contract lawyers across Arizona
she focused on a “responsible reform” of the office and steering away from prosecuting “people for being mentally ill while not prosecuting those who actually harm us,” she told the Star heading into the August 2020 primary
the incumbent said they would commit to fight for reproductive rights
continuing her office’s environmental unit to protect groundwater here
she wished her challenger "and the former administration" well
and said she hopes "they go forward and find joy."
we held our heads high and we stayed on the high road
despite a shockingly-negative personal campaign."
"The former administration couldn't win on the issues 
 working reforms and public safety outcomes
so they went personally after me," Conover said
There is no challenger in the November general election
Conover's primary victory Tuesday night means she will serve four more years as Pima County Attorney
Her primary challenger Jette is a career criminal prosecutor with nearly two decades of experience at the county
He resigned as a federal prosecutor to run for county attorney
after returning to Tucson last year after being in an over-two-year U.S
Department of Justice program that trained prosecutors in Pakistan
"I’d like to see something different but (Conover) is the presumptive Democratic nominee," Jette told a gathering at Union Public House
"I have a heartfelt appreciation for my team and wish (Conover) the best of luck."
Get your morning recap of today's local news and read the full stories here: tucne.ws/morning 
Incumbent Laura Conover is seeking a second term against challenger Mike Jette
The winner in the July 30 Democratic primary will take the post
I’ve been married to him for almost 19 years
Oregon and soon after moved to Tucson to pursue graduate degrees and support family
We’ve remained in Tucson because we love this community
Mike is running to be the next Pima County Attorney to serve the community he calls home
Mike’s values and professional judgment have been shaped by his upbringing
He’s the son of an enlisted Marine Corps father and a librarian mother who worked hard to provide for their family
He’s a triplet and witnessed his two brothers battle serious health challenges
Mike donated a kidney to one of his brothers
they created a nonprofit organization and biked from Washington State to Washington
Throughout his 17-year career as a prosecutor
Mike has demonstrated fairness and balance
and has been a fierce advocate for victims of crime
On the campaign trail he shared the story of a woman who was arrested for moving a significant quantity of drugs across the border
He was the prosecutor on the case and as the case progressed
Mike understood that this major trauma had dramatically changed this woman’s life trajectory
and Mike turned his sights on prosecuting the woman’s perpetrator who was convicted and sent to prison
Mike isn’t a great prosecutor because he’s tough on crime
He’s a great prosecutor because he’s compassionate and holds strong values
I hope voters consider Mike as a candidate
not based on the untruths spouted by those who don’t know him
but on his own actions and the testimonials of those who know him and who have worked with him
I am proud that Mike helped prosecute the land owner in Nogales who shot and killed a migrant
but because it was a case worth trying no matter the outcome
It’s been disheartening that the case has turned into political fodder in this race
considering Mike’s opponent has no trial record with which to judge her competency as a prosecutor
he’s compassionate — he’s the best choice for Pima County Attorney
Kelly Jackson is a resident of Pima County and married to Mike Jette
Respond:  <a href="https://speedway.tucson.com/letters/?action=letter&uuid=a8494bee-3d37-11ef-b98a-9743596ea65a">Write a letter to the editor</a> | <a href="https://speedway.tucson.com/letters/?action=opinion&uuid=a8494bee-3d37-11ef-b98a-9743596ea65a">Write a guest opinion</a>
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Following the example of David Yetman, Raúl Grijalva, Richard Elías, Betty Villegas, and Adelita Grijalva, I step into this role with deep hum&hellip;
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Volume 10 - 2022 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1036602">https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1036602</a>
This article is part of the Research TopicCell Size Regulation: Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Importance<a class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right" aria-label="View all 10 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/26807/cell-size-regulation-molecular-mechanisms-and-physiological-importance/magazine" target="_self" data-event="customLink-linkType-a_viewAll10Articles">View all 10 articles</a>
Years of important research has revealed that cells heavily invest in regulating their size
it has remained unclear why accurate size control is so important
Our recent study using hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo indicates that cellular enlargement is causally associated with aging
we present an overview of these findings and their implications
we performed a broad literature analysis to evaluate the potential of cellular enlargement as a new aging hallmark and to examine its connection to previously described aging hallmarks
we highlight interesting work presenting a correlation between cell size and age-related diseases
we found mounting evidence linking cellular enlargement to aging and age-related diseases
we encourage researchers from seemingly unrelated areas to take a fresh look at their data from the perspective of cell size
By now these hallmarks are almost a decade old
and it is unclear whether additional hallmarks of aging exist
we highlight numerous publications reporting a correlation between cell size and diseases of old age
We expose the need for future research to address whether these correlations are reflecting a causal relationship between enlargement and function
and the implication this has on research areas that have so far not considered the importance of cell size
Our recent publication dissected whether the role of cell size on cell function is based on correlation or causation. An intrinsic challenge was to manipulate cell size without targeting other pathways, and to delineate that the observed changes are causal and not correlative. This hurdle was tackled using HSCs in vivo (<a href="#B113">Lengefeld et al., 2021</a>; <a href="#B205">Strzyz, 2022</a>):
&#x02022; Six orthogonal approaches were examined under which HSCs became larger
HSC function was determined as their ability to form a blood system after transplantation into recipient mice
While it could be argued that each single manipulation affected HSC function unrelated to cell size
together these experiments suggest that the dysfunction was not driven by an unaccounted variable
alternate causes were excluded by analyzing other parameters of the hematopoietic system: homing
differentiation potential and cell cycle state
the simplest explanation is that enlargement of HSCs reduces their functionality
&#x02022; Treatment with a Cdk4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib-PD) caused artificial HSC enlargement and dysfunction
not all HSCs became larger and those HSCs that stayed small displayed higher functionality than large HSCs from PD- or vehicle-treated mice
This indicates that PD-induced enlargement
Further lines of experimental evidence from this study support the conclusion that cellular enlargement causally decreases HSC function (<a href="#B113">Lengefeld et al., 2021</a>):
&#x02022; Preventing HSC enlargement by inhibiting macromolecule biosynthesis (rapamycin treatment) during insults that enlarge HSCs (DNA damage
protected HSCs from losing their stem cell function
&#x02022; Reducing the large size of non-functional HSCs by shortening G1 (RB mutation) restored their functionality. Removal of RB does not improve the function of control or small HSCs (<a href="#B218">Walkley and Orkin, 2006</a>; <a href="#B113">Lengefeld et al., 2021</a>)
indicating that the lack RB does not improve stem cell function per se
but restores it specifically by reducing cell size
Together these data make a strong case that enlargement drives the dysfunction of murine HSCs in vivo
In addition to the above-listed observations, cellular enlargement also qualifies as a novel aging factor for HSCs (<a href="#F1">Figure 1</a>): 1) HSCs naturally enlarge during aging, 2) artificially increasing cell size reduces HSC function and induces the appearance of aging characteristics and 3) preventing HSC enlargement during aging using rapamycin preserves the function of HSCs (<a href="#B113">Lengefeld et al., 2021</a>)
To thoroughly evaluate whether cell enlargement qualifies as an bona fide aging factor/hallmark
it will be important generalize these studies by testing for a causal relationship between enlargement and dysfunction also in other stem cells and even differentiated cells
FIGURE 1. Scheme of commonly known nine hallmarks of aging in light-green and the new hallmark &#x0201c;Cellular Enlargement.&#x0201d; Scheme adopted from <a href="#B124">Lopez-Otin et al. (2013)</a> and created with <a href="BioRender.com" ext-link-type="uri">BioRender.com</a>
it is likely that mechanisms connecting cellular size with aging-related function are conserved in other stem cell types as well
HSCs enlarge during aging after a series of transient cell cycle arrests
It is unclear why mechanisms of size homeostasis fail to reduce the size of these enlarging cell types
an emerging picture in the field suggests a causal link between cell size and function in yeast
cellular enlargement aligns with the criteria of an aging hallmark
This highlights the importance of cell size for consideration in the design of aging studies
Increased cell size was previously assumed to be a consequence of aging, rather than a causal factor (<a href="#B90">Johnson et al., 2013</a>)
studies on aging may have overlooked cellular enlargement and did not evaluate a connection to other aging hallmarks
we discuss potential intersections between HSC enlargement and other hallmarks of aging
highlighting their overlaps and differences
it will be important to further investigate how HSC enlargement increases the likelihood of entering the senescent state
we would like to speculate about the possible protective feature of enlargement
DNA-damage leads to enlargement and potentially permanent gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations
this enlargement in turn reduces the proliferation potential of these cells and thereby may prevent the propagation of potentially harmful features in the tissue that could facilitate
DNA damage contributes to HSC dysfunction by enlarging their size
while telomere attrition seems to play a less dominant role than enlargement in causing HSC dysfunction
Whether changes in mitochondrial morphology
volume and number during aging are the cause or consequence of cellular enlargement remains to be determined
while mitochondria volume and function scale with cellular size during faithful divisions
these parameters become uncoupled when cells enlarge during aging
This may open the possibility that other aging factors that are connected to cell size can be improved when shrinking stem cells
Whether size is causally associated with the corresponding changes is not addressed in these studies
considering the recent findings that cellular enlargement manifests itself an aging factor
we take a fresh look at these studies in the next sections
Before we dive into the literature evaluating cellular size and age-related dysfunctions
we would like to point out examples of enlargement that are not associated with dysfunction
Cell cycle - Cells usually double in size during the cell cycle to ensure that their daughter cells are the same size as the original mother cell after symmetric cell division (<a href="#B122">Lloyd, 2013</a>). In muscle satellite cells, this enlargement can happen already prior to cell cycle entry and is called the Galert state. This enables an accelerated entry into a proliferating state after repeated muscle injury (<a href="#B179">Rodgers et al., 2014</a>)
Apoptosis - Cell volume decrease is characteristic of apoptotic cell death (<a href="#B26">Bortner and Cidlowski, 2002</a>; <a href="#B153">N&#x000fa;&#x000f1;ez et al., 2010</a>). Cancer cells are able to prevent apoptotic shrinking by modulating the activity of ion channels (<a href="#B112">Lehen&#x02019;kyi et al., 2011</a>)
changes in cell volume are part of cellular processes and not necessarily associated with dysfunction
in which cellular enlargement is associated with aging
this suggests that the environmental stiffness can modulate cellular size and thereby cellular functionality in vitro
We speculate that reduced stiffness contributes to cellular enlargement during aging
It will be of critical interest to analyze how microenvironmental forces affect cellular size and thereby cellular function during aging in vivo
the microenvironment modulates cell size and therefore likely cell function as well
It is unclear why red blood cells of many diseased individuals are large. The fact that red blood cells lack organelles, such as a nucleus and mitochondria, implies that the underlying mechanism driving dysfunction is different from the one in HSCs, in which these organelles are necessary for enlargement and dysfunction (<a href="#B113">Lengefeld et al., 2021</a>)
the correlation of RDW with aging-associated diseases has not been investigated for a causal relationship
RDW is a robust indicator of numerous diseases
but the origin of this relationship is insufficiently understood
It will be exciting to see further studies evaluating the causality of cellular enlargement on adipocyte function
enlargement of adipocytes predicts obesity-associated pathologies like type 2 diabetes and during aging
the shrinkage of adipocytes is likely associated with other pathologies
while most neuronal cell types shrink during aging
areas that contain neurons that enlarge might be especially prone to processes that result in symptoms of Alzheimer&#x02019;s disease
This raises an important question: What is the difference between physiological and pathological cellular hypertrophy
Cellular growth driven by the IGF1/PI3K/Akt1 pathways facilitates heart enlargement after exercise, while signaling via Gq protein-coupled receptors, reduced blood supply, oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and Ca2&#x0002b; abnormalities drive cellular growth and enlargement of the heart associated with pathology (<a href="#B226">Weeks and McMullen, 2011</a>; <a href="#B158">Oldfield et al., 2020</a>)
enlargement is associated with opposite outcomes and thus
it seems unlikely that they are driven by enlargement itself
the literature provides interesting clues that a deviation from the optimal cell size is associated with cancer
but whether and how size modulates malignancy is unclear
Further research is needed to determine whether cell size is a reliable predictor of malignancy
Investigating the potential link between cellular size and cancer potential will be crucial for the development of new therapies for cancer treatments
effectively inhibit cancer cells from proliferating and cancer treatments using cell cycle inhibitors may therefore not be combined with rapamycin
It will be important to evaluate how arrest-induced growth and enlargement affect the outcome of these diseases
this highlights the importance of understanding how growth and enlargement contribute to the multilayered effects of treatment drugs
cellular size could serve as an indicator of lifespan when choosing the correct cell type
This raises the possibility that cellular enlargement contributes to aging in other cell types
the research community will benefit from further experiments providing critical evidence of whether cellular enlargement is cause or consequence of aging in other stem cell types and differentiating cells
1) researchers working with rare clinical samples should consider whether a simple measurement of cellular size will lead to important insights on aging
2) categorizing cell types by cell size might explain ageing-related heterogeneity of samples and even reveal new pathways
3) cancer treatments might cause the desired effect or undesired side-effects by changing cell size
and 4) enlargement of certain cell types might explain aging-associated cellular dysfunctions
cellular enlargement might affect several processes related to physiology
aging and disease that have so far not been connected to cell size
Understanding how cellular enlargement relates to aging and disease will help to explain previous observations
and support the development of new therapies for aging-related diseases
Changes in the cell&#x02019;s volume during various processes are necessary for the cell to function
the literature also provides an overwhelming number of publications reporting a correlation between cell size and various cellular dysfunctions
which are connected to cell size like cancer
autoimmune diseases and Alzheimer&#x02019;s disease
caught our attention for having a potential effect on cell size in vivo
not only enlargement of cells is associated with dysfunctions
but a general deviation from the optimal cell size affects cancer progression
diseases associated with red blood cells and potentially neurodegenerative aging
cell size might be a predictor of lifespan
heart failure and Alzheimer&#x02019;s disease
A systematic documentation of cell size of different cell types during health
disease and aging may allow to define a threshold beyond which cells are more likely dysfunctional
this could indicate that there is a relationship between cell size and cellular failure in different cell types of multicellular systems
we encourage researchers to test a potential causal connection between cell size
to analyze the value of cell size as a prognostic marker for diseases
and to evaluate whether cellular enlargement qualifies as a new aging hallmark
These new insights will affect research areas that have so far not considered the importance of cell size
all authors edited the manuscript and created the figures
JL was supported by the Academy of Finland and Instrufoundation fellow grant
We are grateful to the members of the Lengefeld lab
We apologize to the authors of studies that we were not able to mention here due to space restrictions
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Bharadwaj S and Lengefeld J (2022) Cellular enlargement - A new hallmark of aging?
Received: 04 September 2022; Accepted: 17 October 2022;Published: 10 November 2022
Copyright &#x000a9; 2022 Davies, van den Handel, Bharadwaj and Lengefeld. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).</a> The use
&#x0002a;Correspondence: Jette Lengefeld, <a id="encmail">amV0dGUubGVuZ2VmZWxkQGhlbHNpbmtpLmZp</a>
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