Video catches Belgian and Dutch women exchanging physical blows in battle for 10th place Manon Bakker (Crelan-Corendon) and Jinse Peeters (De Ceuster-Bouwpunt) had a physical in-race dispute that landed them with disqualification rather than a high placing in Parkcross at the Exact Cross C2 contest in Maldegem.  Crossing the line in 10th position after five full laps, Bakker shook her head as a race official directed her to the course exit Peeters followed the same dejected path 30 seconds later also pulled from making further progress.  Bakker and Peeters went shoulder-to-shoulder in a short both riders exchanging hand slaps while trying to avoid crashing The live broadcast for Exact Cross caught the altercation on video which race officials reviewed and deemed both riders would be penalised Bakker entered the slippery section hugging the railing on the inside with a slight lead over Peeters and Lauren Molengraff (Charles-Liégeois Roastery CX) The Dutch rider grabbed the barrier with her left hand to avoid hitting the bottom metal legs and hold her line and the two seemed to tangle for an instant.  A sharp shove from Bakker caused Peeters to unclip and lose her balance and she narrowly avoided crashing she reached across to Bakker and slapped at the back of her head While the Belgian rider remounted her bike Bakker accelerated away followed by Molengraff Molengraff crossed the line to claim 10th place At an Exact Cross race in October in Beringen, Eli Iserbyt (Pauwels Sauzen-Cibel Clementines) was disqualified for stomping on Ryan Kamp's (Fenix-Deceuninck) bike during the race Iserbyt withdrew from the race after the sixth lap and served a three-race suspension It was not known if additional penalties would follow for Peeters and Bakker.  finishing 15th in Liévin in the elite women's race at Cyclo-cross World Championships 🇧🇪Jinse Peeters y 🇳🇱Manon Bakker DSQ por esta acción durante la vuelta 6/7#ExactCross pic.twitter.com/N3d9s9cx8vFebruary 5, 2025 Is it Tour de Excitement? 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Guide your relatives toward the one thing that actually matters. Tell them it’s good for their health. Or whatever works. WeLoveCycling.com is an online magazine that brings you original stories, fresh videos and special reports from the wide world of cycling. Laurens Sweeck rode a clever tactical race and proved strongest on the 11th, and final, lap of the Exact Cross in Maldegem to take the race for the third time, tying cyclocross legend Sven Nys for most wins in the race, which was formerly known as the Ethias Cross. The Crelan-Corendon rider had just enough gas left to hold off defending race champion Eli Iserbyt (Pauwels Sauzen–Cibel Clementines) to win his second Exact Cross race of the year. Iserbyt, who has had a disappointing year while battling a chronic back condition, finished 3 seconds adrift. Niels Vandeputte (Alpecin-Deceuninck) was third at 9 seconds. In the first race after the Cyclo-cross World Championships, in which Sweeck finished tenth, and without the “Big Vans” (Mathieu van der Poel and Wout van Aert), spectators were treated to a tense battle over a dry, very fast course that made it difficult to open gaps. So fast and dry was the Maldegem course that riders didn’t slow down for the sand pit but attacked it at full throttle. When Sweeck mounted his final attack, Iserbyt had no answer and could never get closer to the winner than the final margin. “It was a fun race. My idea today was to ride flat out, but every time I looked back I saw ten men on my wheel,” the winner said after the race. “After that, I decided to always sit in second or third position so that I could always be attentive. I succeeded in that. This makes me very happy, especially because Sunday [in the World Championships] was such a disappointment.” A post shared by Exact Cross (@exact_cross) Sweeck was delighted to rack up one more win before hanging up his cyclocross shoes for the year “I actually didn’t expect it anymore This was the sixth of the season’s seven-race Exact Cross series with the other victories going to van der Poel (Alpecin-Deceuninck) and Lars van der Haar (Baloise Glowi Lions) The Waaslandcross at Sint-Niklaas in Belgium will be the final Exact Cross of the season There will be two more races in the X20 Trofee series in which Iserbyt seems to have an insurmountable lead over Toon Aerts (Deschacht-Hens-FSP) Winning that series would go a long way to ease the disappointment of the season for him one more race remains to be run in the prestigious Superprestige series Vandepuute has a lead of 85 points to 75 over van der Haar in that series with 2024-25 World Cup champion Michael Vanthourenhout (Pauwels Sauzen–Cibel Clementines) at 70 points It's going to be so great to have you with us We just need your email address to keep in touch WeLoveCycling.com is an online magazine that brings you original stories fresh videos and special reports from the wide world of cycling Jinse Peeters and Manon Bakker penalised for mid-race confrontation in C2 contest Marie Schreiber (Team SD Worx-Protime) glided through the slippery mud at Parkcross a mid-week C2 contest in Maldegem and won the penultimate round of the Exact Cross series Crelan-Corendon teammates Inge van der Heijden and Sara Casasola rounded out the podium the Dutch rider 16 seconds back and the Italian another five seconds later.  The drama of the race unfolded well behind the podium finishers when Belgian Jinse Peeters (De Ceuster-Bouwpunt) and Dutchwoman Manon Bakker (Crelan-Corendon) were disqualified after bumping in a corner and hitting each other.  Peeters held the inside position as three riders approached a 90-degree left-hand corner Bakker moved beside Peeters to make a pass and the Belgian used her right arm to push Bakker away from close proximity.  The shove caused the Dutch rider to unclip to keep from crashing with Bakker then slapping Peeters on the shoulder while she tried to regain control but lost position in the small group.  Peeters thought Bakker had made a dangerous move to impede her process Race officials reviewed the footage at the end of the race and deemed both riders would be penalised the 21-year-old Schreiber celebrated her sixth elite cyclocross victory for the season including a third Luxembourg national championship in January In Liévin at the World Championships last weekend she landed on the podium for the first time earning the silver medal in the U23 division.  it’s nice to finish the season with a victory," said Schreiber who will now take time off before transitioning in April to the road for SD Worx-Protime.  "The two riders from Corelan-Corendon tried to play the team game to beat me It was important to stay calm in such a tactical situation But I was not on the limit in their wheel.  I placed my acceleration and went full out So I planned to ride myself completely empty and keep going until the finish." Results powered by FirstCycling a sports marketing and public relations agency which managed projects for Tour de Georgia a Georgia non-profit to promote safe cycling She is proud to have worked in professional baseball for six years - from selling advertising to pulling the tarp for several minor league teams She has climbed l'Alpe d'Huez three times (not fast) Her favorite road and gravel rides are around horse farms in north Georgia (USA) and around lavender fields in Provence (France) Departments researchers will gain a great deal of new knowledge about the development of the so-called “lung cancer microenvironment” This refers to the cooperation between cancer cells immune cells and support cells found in tumors “It is by now obvious that a tumor is not an aimlessly proliferating clump of cells but rather an organized mix of cells that interact both inside and outside the tumor,” says one of the coordinators Febe van Maldegem researcher at Amsterdam UMC – Cancer Center Amsterdam To better understand this highly complex relationship SPACETIME scientists are spatially mapping (“SPACE”) this microenvironment at the microscopic level They do this with tumor tissue from patients with different stages; early stage to end stage of the disease ('TIME') The composition of the microenvironment can determine how a patient responds to immunotherapy All the data that the researchers collect are then linked together via computer models This allows them to see the underlying patterns They then test these patterns for predictive values in certain treatments This helps doctors better advise patients on which treatment they need Co-coordinator Marieke Fransen and researcher at Amsterdam UMC – Cancer Center Amsterdam hopes to have some good biomarkers in hand by the end of the project that can be predictors of the success of specific therapies some patients will not have to be burdened with unnecessary therapy SPACETIME will last 5 years and will be carried out by 15 partners in 7 European countries This type of research is only possible through close collaboration of multiple researchers from different backgrounds SPACETIME is part of the EU Mission on Cancer The goal of this mission is to improve the lives of more than 3 million people through prevention cure or better treatment by 2030; and for people affected by cancer extra attention is drawn to patients with lung cancer and their loved ones Location AMCMeibergdreef 91105 AZ AmsterdamPhone number:(020) 566 9111 Route & Parking De Boelelaan 11171081 HV AmsterdamPhone number:(020) 566 9111 Route & Parking Contact us Niels Vandeputte takes third in all-Belgian podium at Parkcross Laurens Sweeck (Crelan-Corendon) edged Eli Iserbyt (Pauwels Sauzen-Cibel) and won for a third time at Parkcross in Maldegem making it his second victory of the season in the Exact Cross series Niels Vandeputte (Alpecin-Deceuninck) confirmed a third place from a trailing group of five riders The largely Belgian field dominated the race with nine riders in the top 10 Emiel Verstrynge (Crelan-Corendon) and Toon Aerts (Deschacht-Hens-FSP) rounding out the first five spots A final lead pack of nine riders made separation with two circuits remaining on the wet with the podium finishers joined by Mees Hendrikx (Heizomat Radteam p/b Herrmann) Joran Wyseure (Crelan-Corendon) and Anton Ferdinande Iserbyt was the first to launch an attack at the front with Sweeck following The two then battled on the final lap with a gap to the chasers but every time I looked back I saw ten men on my wheel I decided to always sit in second or third position so that I could always be attentive especially because Sunday was such a disappointment," Sweeck told Wielerflits and other media at the finish referring to his 10th-place finish at the Cyclo-cross World Championships last weekend Jinse Peeters (De Ceuster-Bouwpunt) and Manon Bakker (Crelan-Corendon) were both disqualified from the women’s pro race at Parkcross Maldegem in Belgium today after a nasty incident The duo were vying for position coming into a left hander when they got very close together just before the sharp turn The race was won by Marie Schreiber (Team SD Worx-Protime) by 16 seconds from Inge van der Heijden (Crelan-Corendon) with Sara Casasola (Crelan-Corendon) 3rd at 21 seconds Tempers flare as Jinse Peeters appears to slap another rider at Exact Cross Maldegem. Both riders have now been withdrawn from the race 😳 pic.twitter.com/aGZd2S5W53 — Eurosport (@eurosport) February 5, 2025 We’re determined to make stickybottle.com much better for your enjoyment So become a ‘Stickybottle Supporter’ now from just €5 per month We’ve grown our audience significantly in recent years but the advertising market has become harder and harder each year In order to survive and grow – and create much better content – we need to develop an income from our readers By signing up to become a ‘Stickybottle Supporter’ you’ll be helping to secure independent coverage of Irish cycling for years to come Every cent collected from readers will be used to directly fund content Sign Up Metrics details Mouse models are critical in pre-clinical studies of cancer therapy allowing dissection of mechanisms through chemical and genetic manipulations that are not feasible in the clinical setting In studies of the tumour microenvironment (TME) multiplexed imaging methods can provide a rich source of information the application of such technologies in mouse tissues is still in its infancy Here we present a workflow for studying the TME using imaging mass cytometry with a panel of 27 antibodies on frozen mouse tissues We optimise and validate image segmentation strategies and automate the process in a Nextflow-based pipeline (imcyto) that is scalable and portable allowing for parallelised segmentation of large multi-image datasets With these methods we interrogate the remodelling of the TME induced by a KRAS G12C inhibitor in an immune competent mouse orthotopic lung cancer model highlighting the infiltration and activation of antigen presenting cells and effector cells The advent of successful immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionised the treatment of cancer in recent years a large proportion of patients exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance and good prognostic markers for response are lacking The TME is thought to play a key role in mediating immune evasion it will be crucial to enhance our knowledge about the cells infiltrating the tumour and their spatial context Manipulating the TME to revert immune suppression has the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies Mouse preclinical cancer models provide an excellent platform to study such interventions aimed at the TME in a controlled manner as well as approaches that assess distances between cell types exploring different aspects of the spatial relationships within the TME Using this methodology we gained detailed quantitative insight into the phenotypes and spatial relationships of immune cells and stromal compartments of the mouse lung TME and how KRAS G12C inhibition promotes remodelling into a more immune activated state Several metals were kept free for insertion of additional markers to customise this panel with some slots in the most sensitive range of the detector suitable for dimmer markers such as additional checkpoint molecules a Graphic describing segmentation strategies performed in CellProfiler Identified nuclei are expanded on by a select number of pixels to create a cell mask with the pixel expansion strategy The propagation strategy uses both identified nuclei and a membrane probability map generated by pixel classification in Ilastik to create a cell mask using the propagation thresholding parameter in CellProfiler each step uses custom size threshold settings for nucleus detection as well as cell type-specific markers to generate the probability maps for membranes in Ilastik A propagation step as described in (a) is subsequently used to find cell boundaries in steps 1 the identified objects are subtracted from the total remaining nuclei Any remaining cells at step 9 are segmented using one-pixel expansion 8 and 10 describe the segmentation of tissue domains b Representative false colour images of F4/80 (green) CD4 (yellow) and aSMA (red) markers merged with a nuclear stain (blue) and cropped (top row) Cell mask outlines (white) overlaid onto these markers were generated by either three-pixel expansion strategy (second row) or propagation strategy (third row) one-pixel expansion strategy (fourth row) or sequential segmentation (bottom panel) Image processing for visualisation: outliers were removed and a median filter of 0.5-pixel radius was applied in Fiji c Heatmap showing enrichment of markers as a result of each segmentation strategy Enrichment was defined as the relative expression in the top 500 cells of the markers as listed on the x-axis compared to the expression of those same markers in the rest of the cells in the dataset d Heatmap depicting the relative amount of noise in each segmentation strategy by looking at the relative expression of the key identifying marker compared with markers that would not be expressed on the same cell but may be found in its direct proximity within the tissue and thus would be a sign of signal bleed from adjacent cells (“signal/noise”) e Percentage of cells from the manually annotated dataset that were matched with cells in the top 500 for each marker f Graphic showing the result of the domain segmentation as part of the sequential segmentation method Violin plot: Quantification of two key markers PECAM and CD44 used as the basis for the domain segmentation As a negative control we also looked at the identification of CD103+ DCs which was not prioritised in the sequential segmentation pipeline using cell type-specific markers but instead was segmented at step 9 along with the bulk of the remaining cells using one-pixel expansion These cells were detected to a similar extent in all four segmentation pipelines The programmes take in custom settings provided in the form of user-generated Ilastik and CellProfiler project files as plugins thereby making the pipeline adaptable to widely varying segmentation methods all of the four segmentation strategies discussed above can be run using this pipeline Segmentation using the sequential method on our dataset consisting of 12 images ranging from 429 Mb up to 3.35 Gb was completed in less than 45 min on the high-performance cluster at The Francis Crick Institute Eight mice, harbouring orthotopic tumours of the 3LL ΔNRAS cell line, were treated for 7 days with the KRAS G12C inhibitor MRTX1257 (n = 3) or vehicle (n = 5). Treatment with MRTX1257 very markedly limited tumour growth compared to vehicle-treated mice, although significant tumour regression was not observed (Supplementary Fig. 3) A total of 12 regions of interest (ROIs) ranging from 1–9 mm2 were selected for downstream analysis with IMC; six tumours for each treatment group and where possible including adjacent normal tissue d Proportions of cell types within the tumour domain supporting the idea that the amount of tumour regression may have been underestimated in the tumour volume measurements by microCT Filled circles represent images for which the enrichment was statistically significant compared to randomisation of all events in the image as calculated within the neighbouRhood package while open circles indicate non-significance Values above zero indicate enrichment of a cell type in the neighbourhood of the macrophages Error bars indicate the standard error of means between the ROIs e Visualisation of cell outlines of CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells to demonstrate the frequent occurrence in the close proximity of Type 1 macrophages in two representative ROIs (n = 12) f Log2 fold change enrichment for Type 1 macrophages and fibroblasts as in d g Visualisation of cell outlines of fibroblasts to demonstrate the frequent occurrence in the close proximity of Type 2 macrophages in two representative ROIs (n = 12) treatment (top right) and the expression of individual markers that were selected for the generation of these uMAPs in the bottom two rows b T cells upregulate PD-1 upon MRTX1257 treatment Histograms plotting the normalised counts for the mean intensity of PD-1 per CD4+ CD8+ or regulatory T cell c Box-and-whiskers plot depicting the distance of cell types to the nearest CD8+ T cell CD8+ T cells are on average found in the proximity of other lymphocytes reflective of migration of CD8+ T cells into the tumour domain accompanied by an increased presence of Type 2 macrophages and fibroblasts within the tumour Boxes minima and maxima represent 25th and 75th percentile whiskers indicate 1.5× interquartile range Linear mixed-effects modelling confirmed that between treatments the cell types display a significantly different distribution of distances to a nearest CD8 T cell (P value = 0.0001 for treatment:cell type interaction d Heatmaps for the different domains displaying cells in close proximity to the cell type of interest separated by treatment and binned in distances from the centre of the cell (bins: 0–20px Scaled on columns to show the relative contribution of cell types to the neighbourhood a Plot depicting the contribution of the mean intensity of markers per mouse that have contributed to the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2 on and x and y axis, respectively) of the PCA analysis from Supplementary Fig. 4c separated by treatment group on the x-axis Points are coloured by mouse ID as indicated in the legend extracted from ANOVA testing of linear mixed-effects model c Distribution of vimentin expression across cell types separated by treatment ANOVA testing of a linear mixed-effects model found that the two treatment conditions had a significantly different vimentin expression profile across the cell types (P < 0.0001 for treatment:cell type) and that these differences were significant for Endothelium (P-adj = 0.04) and Epithelium (P-adj = 0.02 corrected for multiple testing by adjusting for false discovery rate (FDR)) d Crop of PECAM and vimentin expression in a tumour treated with MRTX1257 the images were processed in Fiji with a median filter (radius 0.5) e Vimentin expression and proportion of endothelium cells in the tissue are positively correlated for the MRTX1257 treated ROIs but not for the vehicle-treated ROIs (two-sided Pearson correlation testing No other correlations between cell type and vimentin expression were found to be significant f Pearson correlation matrix of cell type proportions in the tumour domain of MRTX1257 treated tumours extracted from the linear mixed-effects model using the mouse:ROI estimates Considering that frozen tissues generally have a reduced quality of histomorphology compared to FFPE and the 3LL ΔNRAS cell line gives rise to very densely packed tumours we set out to find an optimised segmentation method critical for obtaining good quality single cell data We tested modifications to previously published image segmentation methods and established two strategies with a better performance with respect to signal-to-noise ratios and cell identification The one-pixel expansion segmentation can represent a simple strategy to obtain quick segmentation data from a new antibody panel without the need for training the classifiers More flexible and sensitive segmentation can be obtained with a sequential segmentation strategy and importantly this method can provide a solution to cells that are more challenging to segment Any of those segmentation methods can simply be applied to large datasets using our automated image segmentation pipeline which has been made available to the wider community via the nf-core platform (nf-core/imcyto) as it can be customised to work with any antibody panel or segmentation strategy Technologies that couple transcriptome analysis with cell surface marker expression such as CITE-seq will aid us to better match the macrophage phenotypes observed here to their transcriptional activation state our data shows that treatment with a tumour-specific KRAS inhibitor can dramatically remodel the TME in favour of antitumour immune response even in an immune cold tumour model such as the 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma Current investigations are aimed at elucidating the mechanism by which this conversion is mediated We have presented here a complete IMC workflow for use in preclinical mouse studies and demonstrated the value and importance of using IMC to study the effects of treatment on the spatial organisation of the TME The lung tumour burden was assessed using a Quantum GX2 microCT Imaging System (PerkinElmer) and mice were assigned to treatment groups of similar tumour burden MRTX1257 was prepared by sonication in 10% Captisol® (Ligand) and 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 5.0) and administered daily at 50 mg/kg by oral gavage (5 μl/g) for 7 days Four hours after the last treatment mice were scanned again and sacrificed with a terminal overdose (0.1 ml/10 g body weight intraperitoneal) of a mixture of Pentobarbital (2% w/v) and Mepivacaine hydrochloride (8 mg/ml) Mice were scanned 1 day before start of treatment and on the last day of treatment Mice were anesthetised by inhalation of isoflurane (Abbott Labs) and CT scanned using the Quantum GX2 microCT imaging system (Perkin Elmer) Breathing rate and body temperature were measured throughout the scan using in-built physiological monitoring devices Scanning parameters were as follows: copper and aluminium filter 0.06 mm + 0.5 mm Scan mode at High Speed & Gating 4 min Gating technique set at respiratory gating Lung images were grouped into bins based on the respiratory cycle and images reconstructed using the Quantum GX2 programme with parameters set at Acquisition FOV 36 mm and Recon FOV 25 mm Estimations of lung tumour volumes were generated by highlighting 3D ROIs in the imaging programme Analyze Three mice from both the vehicle and the MRTX1257 treated group were processed to be used in IMC Dissected lungs with tumours were stored in 20% ice-cold sucrose up to 1 h before embedding in Tissue-Tek O.C.T Compound (Sakura) and being frozen gently using an isopentane liquid nitrogen bath Blocks were stored at −80 °C until further processing IF slides were imaged with a Zeiss Upright LSM710 microscope with a 20x objective lens using Zen blue imaging software (Zeiss) IMC images were acquired using Hyperion Imaging Mass Cytometer Each ROI was selected such that it would contain a whole tumour including adjacent normal tissue where possible they were cropped post-acquisition to contain a single tumour Twelve images obtained from six mice were selected for this study ranging from 1–9 mm2 (429 Mb up to 3.35 Gb) multiple images representing individual cell types and domains were created by merging together selected markers in CellProfiler (PECAM for normal These five new images alongside a nuclei image were combined into a six-channel image in CellProfiler This was fed into Ilastik autocontext workflow and classified into tissue domains (nuclei individual cell types (in order—lymphocytes remaining cells) were sequentially segmented using both segmented nuclei (as described but with customised size parameters) and corresponding probability maps with the exception of fibroblasts which were identified only using the probability map All cell types were added together to generate a total cell mask Domain segmentation was performed using thresholding on domain probability maps The interface domain was created from the overlap between normal and tumour domains For CellProfiler and Ilastik project files used in these segmentation strategies All cells in the ROI “BRAC3438.6f_ROI1_t1_Vehicle” (in short: “02_Vehicle”) were ranked for expression of each of the markers depicted and the top 500 highest expressing cells were selected to calculate the mean intensity for that marker within the top 500 Signal-to-noise ratios were calculated by taking the mean intensity of relevant marker in the top 500 cells relative to the expression of “polluting” markers not expected to be expressed in these same cells We generated a small manually annotated dataset from the same image set as above by recording the x and y coordinates of CD4+ (n = 92) and CD8+ T cells (n = 70) F4/80+ macrophages (n = 108) and aSMA+ fibroblasts (n = 88) F4/80 or aSMA were interrogated to determine how many cells of each matched up to cells in the annotated dataset following the criterium that the cell centre had to fall within 5px of each other An automated Nextflow-based pipeline that sequentially preprocesses and segments imaging data and extracts single cell expression information (see Supplementary Fig. 2) This pipeline combines Docker or Singularity containers for IMCtools Inputs for the pipeline are image data in the form of .mcd a .csv file with binary information on the channels to be included the user-generated CellProfiler pipeline files (.cppipe) - custom CellProfiler modules need to be separately provided and (pretrained) Ilastik project files (.ilp) Output files from each step in the pipeline Object relationships and measurements in the form of a .csv file will be created in an organised results folder structure a report is generated on the performance of the pipeline with respect to memory and processor usage and running time for each individual processing step A detailed user guide can be found on: https://github.com/nf-core/imcyto Macrophage uMAP analysis was based on clusters 05A and ‘Object relationships’ listing each cell and all its identified neighbours within a 15-pixel distance were sent through 5000 rounds of permutation A P value was then calculated to determine whether the difference between average baseline and permutated neighbour interactions were significantly different for each pairing combination of cell types Significant interaction or avoidance was determined by baseline values falling above or below the distribution of permutated data Averaged interactions for baseline versus permutation statistics from the Bodenmiller neighbouRhood analysis script were then compared for each pairing of cell types from every image by calculating log2 fold chance (log2FC) to determine how treatment affects neighbour interactions The Pythagoras’s theorem was used to compute distances of each cell in the dataset to the nearest CD8+ based on the x and y coordinates of the centre of the cells We used the ‘lme4‘ package within R to fit a mixed-effects model to account for fixed effects of domain whilst allowing for a per-mouse and ROI-within-mouse variation of the distribution of cells between cell types We use a Poisson model as a surrogate to fit the multinomial distribution of cell counts across the cell types Individual comparisons were carried out using a Wald test We used the correlation structure between ROIs in the same treatment group as predicted by mixed-effects models fitted on the treatments separately to build the correlation heatmaps of cell type proportions the mean intensity of vimentin was fit with a mixed-effects model to describe the variation of vimentin expression between cell types and treatments Other statistics as specified in the figure legends Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article The raw image files, pipeline input files, processed single cell data, 3D plot and associated files generated and used for this study, are available in a Figshare repository at https://hdl.handle.net/10779/crick.c.5270621 The 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of proteins and RNA in fixed tissue Visualization and analysis of gene expression in tissue sections by spatial transcriptomics Vimentin on the move: new developments in cell migration Pericytes and vessel maturation during tumor angiogenesis and metastasis Visualizing high-dimensional data using t-SNE van Maldegem, F. et al. Characterisation of tumour microenvironment remodelling following oncogene inhibition in preclinical studies with imaging mass cytometry. nf-core/imcyto v1.0.0. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3865430 (2021) van Maldegem, F. et al. Characterisation of tumour microenvironment remodelling following oncogene inhibition in preclinical studies with imaging mass cytometry. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5412513 (2021) Download references Richard Mitter and Julia Handl for helpful discussions We thank the science technology platforms at the Francis Crick Institute including Biological Research Facility Advanced Light Microscopy and Cell Services from the Francis Crick Institute—which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001070) the UK Medical Research Council (FC001070) and the Wellcome Trust (FC001070)—from the European Research Council Advanced Grant RASImmune from a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award 103799/Z/14/Z and from a Cancer Research UK Cancer ImmunoTherapy Accelerator Award (CITA-CRUK; C33499/A20265) is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 838540 and research grant funding from Bristol Myers Squibb Present address: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology These authors contributed equally: Febe van Maldegem Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence University College London Cancer Institute interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript performed computational analyses and set up the pipeline All authors contributed to manuscript revision and review and has funded research agreements with BMS Revolution Medicines and Boehringer Ingelheim Boehringer Ingelheim and Ono Pharmaceutical; has consulted for AstraZeneca Novartis and the Sarah Cannon Research Institute; receives grant support and has consulted for Bristol Myers Squibb Pfizer and Roche–Ventana; is an advisory board member and is involved in trials sponsored by AstraZeneca; has stock options in Apogen Biotechnologies GRAIL; and has stock options and is a co-founder of Achilles Therapeutics The remaining authors declare no competing interests Peer review information Nature Communications thanks Noel De Miranda reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26214-x Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Cancer newsletter — what matters in cancer research   2021 X20 Badkamers Trofee Cyclocross Krawatencross at Lille, Belgium - It was a winter wonderland as the elite women's race got underway in the snow. - Click for high resolution - more X20 Badkamers Trophy Cyclocross Lille Photos - photo Copyright © 2021 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com  - For more cyclocross live coverage, various series and events, see Cyclocross LIVE - Videos: Cyclocross Videos - Expected LIVE video here.  (Pickx RTL club - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Need a VPN to access a geo-restricted feed? Try ExpressVPN - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Photos: 2021 Superprestige Cyclocross at Boom, Belgium - Elite Men race Photos - Photos: 2021 X20 Badkamers Trofee Cyclocross Krawatencross at Lille, Belgium - Elite Women Race Photos - Photos: 2021 UCI Cyclocross World Championships Photos - Elite Women race - Photos: 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Essen, Belgium - Elite Women Race Photos - Photos: Brico Cross Cyclocross Photos - Live streams to come before the events start.. - 2025 Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) - The 2025 Exact Cross Cyclocross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium is Saturday, February 15.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists NOTE:  If you believe you may not be seeing the latest content on this page try clearing your browser's cache (or try a different browser) Live streaming video: 1:30pm CET (7:30am U.S LIVE video (--) LIVE video (--) Tom Pidcock in action at the 2022 X2O Badkamers Trofee Cyclocross GP Sven Nys at Baal, Belgium - Click for high resolution - more 2022 X2O Badkamers Trophy Cyclocross GP Sven Nys at Baal, Belgium - Elite Men race photos - photo Copyright © 2022 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Wout Van Aert returned to CX competition at the 2021 Superprestige Cyclocross event at Boom, Belgium. He dominated. - Click for high resolution - more 2021 Superprestige Cyclocross at Boom, Belgium - Elite Men race photos - photo Copyright © 2021 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Wout Van Aert won the elite men's 2021 Superprestige CX at Boom, Belgium. - Click for high resolution - more 2021 Superprestige Cyclocross at Boom, Belgium - Elite Men race photos - photo Copyright © 2021 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com 2021 X20 Badkamers Trofee Cyclocross Krawatencross at Lille, Belgium - It was a winter wonderland as the elite women's race got underway in the snow. - Click for high resolution - more X20 Badkamers Trophy Cyclocross Lille Photos - photo Copyright © 2021 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com World Champion Lucinda Brand was in action for the first time in the rainbow jersey the weekend following the 2021 UCI Cyclocross Worlds. - Click for high resolution - more X20 Badkamers Trophy Cyclocross Lille Photos - photo Copyright © 2021 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Winner Marianne Vos and Ellen Van Loy race in the 2019 Ethias Cross CX at Essen, Belgium. - Click for high resolution - more 2019 Ethias Cross CX at Essen Elite Women's race photos - photo Copyright © 2019 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Ellen Van Loy in action during the 2019 Ethias Cross CX at Essen, Belgium - Click for high resolution - more 2019 Ethias Cross CX at Essen Elite Women's race photos - photo Copyright © 2019 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Notes from the 2025 Exact Cross Cyclocross Maldegem - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - 2025 Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Maldegem, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) Belgium Schedule (Wednesday): 7:45am ET Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2025 Exact Cross Cyclocross Maldegem, Belgium is Wednesday, February 5.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Loenhout - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (women's race) - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (men's race) - Expected LIVE video here.  (Pickx RTL club - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Need a VPN to access a geo-restricted feed? Try ExpressVPN - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - 2024 Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Loenhout, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Loenhout, Belgium is Friday, December 27.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Kortrijk - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - 2024 Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Kortrijk, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Kortrijk, Belgium is Saturday, November 23.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Heerderstrand - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - 2024 Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Heerderstrand, Netherlands Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) Netherlands Schedule (Saturday): - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Heerderstrand, Netherlands is Saturday, October 26.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Essen - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Essen, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) Eli Iserbyt has been suspended for three races for stomping on Ryan Kamp's bike Denise Betsema are among the elite women expected to compete and Eli Iserbyt Toon Aerts and Tom Meeusen are among the elite men expected - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Essen, Belgium is Saturday, October 19.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Beringen - Expected LIVE video here and here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here and here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) Lucinda Brand are among the elite women expected to compete and Michael Vanthourenhout Lars van der Haar and Thibau Nys are among the elite men expected 10:15am ET Elite Men at 17:30 CET - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium, Belgium is Saturday, October 12.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - Exact Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium is Saturday, February 17.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Maldegem - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Maldegem, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Maldegem, Belgium is Wednesday, February 7.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Azencross Kasteelcross Zonnebeke - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Kasteelcross Zonnebeke, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - Exact Cross Cyclocross Kasteelcross Zonnebeke - The 2024 Exact Cross Cyclocross Azencross Kasteelcross Zonnebeke, Belgium is Saturday, January 20.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Azencross Loenhout - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Azencross Loenhout, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - Exact Cross Cyclocross Azencross Loenhout - The 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Azencross Loenhout, Belgium is Friday, December 29.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Zilvermeercross Mol - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza, geo-restricted) - Need a VPN to access a geo-restricted feed? Try ExpressVPN - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Zilvermeercross Mol, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - Exact Cross Cyclocross Zilvermeercross Mol - The 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Zilvermeercross Mol, Belgium is Friday, December 22.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Essen - Expected LIVE video here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Essen, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - The 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Essen, Belgium is Saturday, December 9.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Beringen - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here and here.  (Sporza - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - The 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium is Sunday, October 8.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas - Expected LIVE video here.  (VTM - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) ET (Rectavit Ladies Cross) Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium is Saturday, February 18.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Kasteelcross Zonnebeke - On Sunday, January 22, 2023: UCI Cyclocross World Cup Benidorm Costa Blanca, Spain LIVE - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (elite men race) - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Kasteelcross Zonnebeke, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - The 2023 Exact Cross Cyclocross Kasteelcross Zonnebeke, Belgium is Saturday, January 21.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Azencross Loenhout - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Azencross Loenhout, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - The 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Azencross Loenhout, Belgium is Friday, December 30.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Zilvermeercross Mol - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Zilvermeercross Mol, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - The 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Zilvermeercross Mol, Belgium is Friday, December 23.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Essen - On Sunday, December 11, 2022: UCI Cyclocross World Cup Dublin, Ireland LIVE - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Essen, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) Eastern (Rectavit Ladies Cross) Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Essen, Belgium is Saturday, December 10.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross "Berencross" Meulebeke - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross "Berencross" Meulebeke Start Lists here (women and men) - Exact Cross Cyclocross "Berencross" Meulebeke - The 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross "Berencross" Meulebeke, Belgium is Saturday, October 1.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Beringen - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) 10:15am ET Elite Men at 17:30 CET - The 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium is Sunday, September 25.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross "Polderscross" Kruibeke - Exact Cross (formerly Ethias) Cyclocross "Polderscross" Kruibeke, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) - Exact Cross Cyclocross "Polderscross" Kruibeke - The 2022 Exact Cross Cyclocross "Polderscross" Kruibeke, Belgium is Sunday, September 18.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (elite women race) - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (elite men race) - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas - The 2022 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross Sint-Niklaas, Belgium is Saturday, February 19.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2022 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Maldegem - On Sunday, February 6, 2022: X2O Badkamers Trofee Cyclocross Soudal Krawatencross Lille, Belgium LIVE - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Maldegem, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) - The 2022 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Maldegem, Belgium is Saturday, February 5.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Essen - On Sunday, December 12: UCI Cyclocross World Cup Val di Sole, Italy - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (elite men race) - Need a VPN to access a geo-restricted feed? Try ExpressVPN - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Essen, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Essen (Robotland CX) Eastern Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Essen, Belgium is Saturday, December 11.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Leuven - On Sunday, November 14, 2021: UCI Cyclocross World Cup Tabor, Czechia (Czech Republic) - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (elite women race) - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Leuven, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) 7:45am ET Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Leuven, Belgium is Saturday, November 13.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Meulebeke - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Meulebeke, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Meulebeke, Belgium is Saturday, October 2.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Bredene - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Bredene, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) - Ethias Cross CX Bredene television/TV broadcasters and streamers include Eurosport - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Bredene, Belgium is Saturday, September 25.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Beringen - Ethias Cross CX Beringen television/TV broadcasters and streamers include Eurosport - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium is Saturday, September 18.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Lokeren - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Lokeren, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) - Ethias Cross CX Lokeren television/TV broadcasters and streamers include Eurosport - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Lokeren, Belgium is Saturday, September 11.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross at Sint-Niklaas - Expected LIVE video here - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross at Sint-Niklaas, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross at Sint-Niklaas - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Waaslandcross at Sint-Niklaas, Belgium is Saturday, February 20.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Eeklo - Sporza ticker LIVE here. (auto-translated) (elite men's race) - Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Eeklo, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - The 2021 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Eeklo, Belgium is Saturday, February 13.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Bredene - Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Bredene, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Bredene, Belgium is Wednesday, December 30.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Essen - Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Essen, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Essen, Belgium is Tuesday, December 22.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Leuven - Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Leuven, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Leuven, Belgium is Saturday, November 14.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Beringen - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Beringen, Belgium Start Lists here (women and men) 10:00am ET (Rectavit Ladies Cross) Elite Men at 17:15 CET - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Beringen, Belgium is Saturday, October 17.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Kruibeke - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Kruibeke, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Kruibeke, Belgium (Poldercross) is Saturday, October 3.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Lokeren - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Lokeren, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Lokeren, Belgium is Saturday, September 26.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Hulst - Expected LIVE video here.  (English - Note that the Brico Cross series of past years is now the Ethias Cross series - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Hulst, Netherlands Start Lists here (women) and here (men) Eastern Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Hulst, Netherlands (Vestingcross Hulst) is Sunday, February 16.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Maldegem - Expected LIVE video here.  (English - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Maldegem, Belgium Start Lists here (women) and here (men) - The 2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Maldegem, Belgium is Wednesday, February 5.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Bredene - Expected LIVE video here.  (VTM, geo-restricted)  - Expected LIVE video here.  (Sporza - Expected LIVE video here.  (English - The 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Bredene - Ethias Cross Cyclocross Bredene, Belgium Start Lists here - The 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Bredene, Belgium is Monday, December 30.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists World Champion Mathieu van der Poel, 2019 Brico Cross CX at Maldegem, Belgium - Click for high resolution - photo Copyright © 2019 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Notes from the 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Essen - The 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Essen - The 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Essen, Belgium is Saturday, December 7.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2019 Ethias Cross Cyclocross at Beringen - On Sunday, October 27, 2019: Superprestige Cyclocross at Gavere, Belgium LIVE - Expected LIVE video here.  (VTM - Ethias Cross Beringen, Belgium Start Lists here (all events) - Ethias Cross Beringen ("De Grote Prijs Hasselt") - The 2019 Ethias Cross Beringen, Belgium is Saturday, October 26.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists - Expected LIVE video here.  (VTM - Expected LIVE video here.  (VTM - Ethias Cross Kruibeke, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) - Ethias Cross Kruibeke ("Polderscross") - The 2019 Ethias Cross Kruibeke, Belgium is Saturday, October 12.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists Notes from the 2019 Ethias Cross Meulebeke - Expected LIVE video here.  (VTM - Ethias Cross Meulebeke, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) - Ethias Cross Meulebeke ("Berencross") - The 2019 Ethias Cross Meulebeke, Belgium is Saturday, October 5.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  For more start lists, see Cyclocross Start Lists - Expected LIVE video here.  (English Belgium.  (Women's and Men's races)  Details below - Ethias Cross Eeklo, Belgium Start Lists here.  (all events) September 8.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races - 2019-2020 Ethias Cross Cyclocross Schedule: Twitter A crash in the closing stages ruined Pim Ronhaar's Exact Cross Maldegem chances as Eli Iserbyt took first place ahead of Michael Vanthourenhout Family owned and operated for over 85 years passed away from Parkinson’s Disease on Monday and entered into the presence of her Lord and is now fully healed and singing with the Heavenly Choir Fokke and Jetske (Luinenburg) Klijnsma; sisters She will be lovingly remembered by her husband of 59 years Ronald Roskam and Luda Kostyukhina; Kevin and Char Roskam; seven grandchildren; four great-grandchildren; sisters Tedman Dykstra; sister-in-law and brother-in-law A public graveside service will be held on Friday Relatives and friends may meet the family Thursday at Matthysse Kuiper DeGraaf Funeral Home (Grandville) 4145 Chicago Dr Those who wish may make memorial contributions to Faith Hospice or Gideons International The family wishes to extend a special thanks to Janet’s favorite aide from Faith Hospice for the wonderful care she provided to Janet Designer’s Choice Grand Vase Arrangement 616.724.1800 | Contact Us | Careers | Customer Reviews | Delivery/Refund Policy | © 2025 MKD Funeral Homes Upon completing your online flower order, our florist will immediately receive the details of your purchase. Our florist will then prepare your arrangement(s) with care and make the delivery to the location you provided during the ordering process. If you experience any problems with the product you ordered, please contact our business office by email at admin@mkdfuneralhome.com Bakker and Van Alphen complete the podium Annemarie Worst (777) won the Parkcross in Maldegem on Saturday.  Worst was unable to travel to the World Championships in the USA due to COVID-19 but showed her end of season with a dominant performance to secure her second victory of the 2021-2022 cyclo-cross season Britain’s Anna Kay (Star Casino) tried hard to take on the Dutch riders but lost time and positions in the deep sand.  New Junior world champion Zoe Backstedt was in action after travelling back from the USA but she finished outside of the top ten Pauwels Sauzen-Bingoal go 1-2 with Eli Iserbyt in second, Lars van der Haar takes third Laurens Sweeck (Pauwels Sauzen-Bingoal) took a solo victory at the Maldegem Ethias Cross on Saturday. It was a 1-2 success for his team as Eli Iserbyt took second place ahead of Lars van der Haar (Baloise Trek Lions) in third. An early-race mishap over the barriers saw van der Haar struggle to gain back lost time to the front group. Sweeck and Pauwels Sauzen-Bingoal teammate Michael Vanthourenhout went on to take the race lead, and pushed their lead out further to create a gap over their rivals behind. Further back, Iserbyt and Toon Vandebosch, also Pauwels Sauzen-Bingoal, were part of a chase that included van der Haar and Felipe Orts (Spain). A crash took Vanthourenhout out of contention as his teammate Sweeck rode on to take a solo victory with Iserbyt in second and van der Haar third. The latest race content, interviews, features, reviews and expert buying guides, direct to your inbox! Cyclingnews is the world's leader in English-language coverage of professional cycling Started in 1995 by University of Newcastle professor Bill Mitchell the site was one of the first to provide breaking news and results over the internet in English The site was purchased by Knapp Communications in 1999 and owner Gerard Knapp built it into the definitive voice of pro cycling major publishing house Future PLC has owned the site and expanded it to include top features The site continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative English voice in professional cycling Metrics details Eukaryotic algae rose to ecological relevance after the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth glaciations but the causes for this consequential evolutionary transition remain enigmatic Cap carbonates were globally deposited directly after these glaciations but they are usually organic barren or thermally overprinted Here we show that uniquely-preserved cap dolostones of the Araras Group contain exceptional abundances of a newly identified biomarker: 25,28-bisnorgammacerane carbon isotope systematics and co-occurrence with other demethylated terpenoids suggest a mechanistic connection to extensive microbial degradation of ciliate-derived biomass in bacterially dominated ecosystems Declining 25,28-bisnorgammacerane concentrations and a parallel rise of steranes over hopanes indicate the transition from a bacterial to eukaryotic dominated ecosystem after the Marinoan deglaciation Nutrient levels already increased during the Cryogenian and were a prerequisite but not the ultimate driver for the algal rise Intense predatory pressure by bacterivorous protists may have irrevocably cleared self-sustaining cyanobacterial ecosystems thereby creating the ecological opportunity that allowed for the persistent rise of eukaryotic algae to global importance This could explain the cyanobacteria-dominated ecosystem that persisted during and immediately after the Marinoan deglaciation as corroborated by a paucity of eukaryotic steranes as well as BNG and its relationship to Δδ13CA-K dynamics which after diagenesis (II) may become preserved as gammacerane (note the carbon numbering difference between squalene and triterpanes; e.g C-26 and C-29 in squalene are identified as C-25 and C-28 in tetrahymanol) Hypothetically 25,28-BNG could form via the biosynthetic conversion of squalene to 26,29-bisnorsqualene (III) and a further cyclisation into 25,28-tetrahymanol (IV) thus far this is only a theoretical scenario since the existence of the theorised biosynthetic pathways (III and IV) has not been described in the literature BNG may stem from extensive microbial degradation of tetrahymanol prior to sedimentary burial (V) which could be preserved as 25,28-bisnorgammacerane after diagenesis (VI) Based on the preserved lipid signatures in the depositional environments we have no indications for a scenario where gammacerane is demethylated via post-depositional microbial degradation (VII) to form 25,28-BNG The intense dealkylation can only be plausibly explained with intense reworking of primary produced organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria possibly as a consequence of slower sinking biomass while ciliates would cease biosynthesizing gammacerane once they start acquiring sterols establishing global algal-dominated marine ecosystems bacterivorous feeding pressure by expanding heterotrophic protists in the aftermath of the Cryogenian glaciations may have been the crucial trigger for the rise of algae while the persistent global rise of eukaryotic primary producers probably only occurred during the earliest Ediacaran gammacerane and cholestane in the Tonian Chuar Group can be interpreted as the oldest evidence for not just the presence but an important role of predatory eukaryotes in modulating the primary producing community already prior to the Snowball Earth glaciations The abundance of BNG in the Araras cap carbonates provides the first evidence for the pivotal ecosystem-engineering role of predatory protists in the direct aftermath of the glaciations Although more work is required to establish direct mechanistic relationships we propose that extensive heterotrophic utilisation of organic matter both in the water column or sediment may have contributed to the dolomite lithology of basal cap carbonates In this regard we hypothesise that not the degree of degradation may be the relevant factor but extent of the process: the nearly complete (degradation-resistant compounds such as BNG appear to survive) respiration of a large mass of primary produced organic matter within a certain time period will generate significantly more molecular intermediates with acidic functionalities that can aid in stimulating the precipitation of dolomite than the respiration of a smaller mass within the same time interval would do While in both scenarios nearly all of the biomass will have been respired and the difference will be invisible from the sedimentary record dolomite precipitation could differ vastly The dolomite problem may be a hallmark of pre-eukaryotic ecosystems sinking speed and the susceptibility of primary produced organic matter to heterotrophic degradation Patterns of BNG suggest that intense predatory feeding pressure by heterotrophic protists may have sufficiently capped cyanobacterial population sizes—thereby decreasing turbidity and enhancing nutrient availability—to allow for the delayed eukaryotic invasion of this ecosystem space Prior to the laboratory workup all glassware quartz sand and aluminium foil were baked at 500 °C for 8 h to remove any organic contaminants was activated with a 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution before being washed with deionised (DI) water to reach neutrality and being cleaned three times with methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) under ultrasonication High-purity-grade solvents (Merck n-hexane MeOH Suprasolv grade and DCM UniSolv grade) were used throughout all laboratory procedures Solid sample interiors and exteriors were wrapped in thick clean aluminium foil and fragmented into pieces smaller than ca 1 cm3 by impact of a solvent-cleaned hammer Powdering of these fragments was achieved in a Siebtechnik Shatterbox (Scheibenschwingmühle) using a custom-made stainless steel puck and mill which were cleaned by baking (500 °C for 8 h) prior to use the puck and mill were cleaned by grinding and discarding clean Quartz sand (3×) followed by a solvent wash Between 10 and 25 g of powdered sediment were extracted at 120 °C (20 min) under stirring with DCM in a CEM MARS 6 microwave extraction system Three extractions were performed with 30 mL solvent each which were pooled after centrifugation (2 min at 2000 rpm) in the Teflon extraction tubes After removal of elemental sulphur using copper granules (activated with HClaq [1 M] washed to neutrality [DI water] and solvent cleaned with MeOH and DCM) extracts were concentrated to a volume of 3 mL in a Büchi Syncore Analyst (700 mbar Hexane (3 mL) was added and concentrated down again This total lipid extract (TLE) was filtered through a glass wool-filled (ca 0.5 cm) Pasteur pipette (baked clean at 500 °C) and allowed to evaporate to a volume of ca 500 µL under ambient atmospheric conditions One half of this TLE was removed for archival The other half was transferred onto a silica gel (600 mg Merck)-filled Pasteur pipette and fractionated into saturated hydrocarbons aromatic hydrocarbons and polars by sequential elution with n-hexane To obtain fractions of baseline-separated linear alkanes for the Chuar Group samples alkyl lipids were isolated using a 5 Å molecular sieve (Merck) 1 g) was performed overnight in cyclohexane (3 mL) at 80 °C The non-adduct was extracted with cyclohexane (3 × 3 mL) under assistance of ultrasound The adduct was released by digesting the sieve with HFaq (10 mL followed by a liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane (3 × 3 mL BNG was isolated from 3.5 g of bitumen collected from the post-Marinoan Mirassol d’Oeste Formation the saturated hydrocarbon fraction was cleaned up using a multi-step in-house protocol where linear alkanes were removed by molecular sieving as described above followed by liquid chromatographic preparation on an Agilent 1260 HPLC system to remove the unresolved complex mixture BNG was separated from interferences using size-exclusion chromatography (normal phase) at 22 °C eluting with DCM (1 mL/min) and isolated using an Agilent 1260 fraction collector Preparative capillary GC was used to further purify the compound Aliquots of 5 µL of the pre-cleaned hydrocarbon fraction in hexane were repeatedly injected via a Gerstel CIS 4 in solvent vent mode and into an Agilent 6890N gas chromatograph baffled glass liner (70 mm × 1.6 mm inner diameter (i.d.)) set to an initial temperature of 40 °C and heated to 320 °C at 12 °C/s and a final hold time of 2 min the GC was equipped with a Restek Rxi-XLB capillary column (30 m The GC was operated using Helium as carrier gas at a constant flow of 4 mL/min the oven was heated with 20°/min to 150 °C and with 8 °C/min to 320 °C A zero dead volume splitter diverted 1% of the column effluent via a restriction control capillary to a flame ionisation detector (FID) whereas the remaining 99% were transferred to a Gerstel preparative fraction collector (PFC) The PFC was connected via a heated fused silica transfer capillary to the GC and set to 320 °C directing the column effluent into seven time-programmable individual traps the compound was recovered with 5 × 500 µL hexane External quantification using the response factor of squalane revealed a recovery of ~20.6 µg of the compound with a purity of ~99% Full scan analyses were performed on a Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph (Thermo Scientific) coupled to an ALMSCO BenchTOF-dx mass spectrometer (MS) The GC was fitted with a VF-1 MS column (40 m 0.15 µm film thickness) using a constant flow (1.4 mL/min) of He (5.0 Samples (typically 1/1000 µL) were injected in splitless mode using a PTV injector (ramped from 60 to 315 °C at 14.5°/s) The GC oven was subsequently held at 60 °C (2 min) before ramping at 4.5°/min to a final temperature of 325 °C Ionisation was achieved at 70 eV (electron impact) and 250 °C with a filament current of ca Data were measured from m/z 30 to 800 but only recorded from m/z 50 to 550 at ca 1000 mass resolution using 2469 scans per scanset and a scanset period of 250 ms Analytes were quantified by comparison to internal standards perdeuterated C30D62 triacontane (Sigma-Aldrich) in the saturated hydrocarbon fraction and d14-p-terphenyl (Sigma-Aldrich) for the aromatic fraction without correcting for individual response factors Target compounds analysis for biomarkers was performed on a Thermo Quantum XLS Ultra triple quadrupole MS coupled to a Thermo Trace GC Ultra fitted with a DB-XLB capillary column (60 m 0.25 µm film thickness) and a deactivated pre-column (10 m Westfalen AG) was used as a carrier gas (1.3 mL/min) Volumes of typically 1 or 2 out of 1000 µL were injected on column at 70 °C The oven was held isothermal at 70 °C (5 min) then heated to 335 °C at 4°/min and held at final temperature for 9 min Ionisation was achieved by electron impact at 70 eV and 250 °C Q1 and Q3 were each operated in 0.7 Da resolution with a cycle time of 0.5 s Q2 was operated with Argon 5.0 collision gas at a pressure of 1.1 mTorr and varying collision voltages depending on the target analyte Compounds were quantified relative to d4–5α-cholestane (Sigma-Aldrich) without correcting for individual response factors Exact mass determination of BNG was performed on a JEOL AccuTOF time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with an electron impact ionisation (70 eV) source The sample was introduced via the direct exposure probe and perfluorokerosene was used for mass calibration The stable carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes was determined at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry on a HP 5890 GC (Agilent Technologies) coupled to a Delta Plus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Finnigan MAT Aliquots of 1 µL of the 5 Å adduct were injected in splitless mode at 280 °C and separated on a DB-1-MS capillary column (50 m 0.52 µm film thickness) operated with He (constant flow The oven was held isothermal at 50 °C for 1 min held isothermal for 2 min and finally ramped at 20°/min to 320 °C Stable carbon isotope ratios were determined relative to a CO2 reference gas pulsed before and after the elution of analytes during a run This CO2 was cross calibrated relative to a reference mixture of isotopically known n-alkanes Data are presented in the conventional δ13C notation as permil deviations from the VPDB standard Samples were analysed in duplicate with analytical errors estimated at ±0.2‰ The stable carbon isotopic composition of kerogens was determined at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (IsoLab) Bulk powdered samples were digested with HClaq (6 M diluted from Alfa Aesar 36 % w/w aq.) to remove carbonates and washed to neutrality with DI water the powdered samples (5–10 mg) were loaded into tin capsules (0.15 mL Lüdiswiss AG) and combusted online at 1020 °C in a Carlo Erba EA-1100 elemental analyser with a He carrier gas flow rate of 85 mL/min Generated CO2 was passed through a reduction furnace (650 °C) and separated from other gases on a Porapak PQ 3.5 GC column (80/100 mesh) at 40 °C The product gases were transferred to a Finnigan MAT Delta + XL mass spectrometer via a ConFlo III interface operated in diluted mode for δ13Corg The stable carbon isotopic values are reported in the permil notation relative to VPDB after calibration by the NBS-22 reference standard Isolated BNG was dissolved in 40 μL 99.96 % CDCl3 and transferred into a 1.7 mm NMR tube 1D 1H and 2D double quantum filtered COSY (DQF-COSY) nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) 1H-13C HSQC and 1H-13C HMBC spectra were recorded at 295 K on a Bruker Avance III 800 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 1.7 mm TCI CryoProbe The 1H and 13C chemical shifts were referenced to CHCl3 (δH = 7.26 ppm NMR spectra were processed with Topspin 2.1 (Bruker) DQF-COSY spectra were acquired as a 200*(t1) × 4096*(t2) data matrices using 128 transients per FID and a 1 s delay between scans Spectral width of 2000 Hz was chosen in ω2 and ω1 The time domain data were processed by zero filling to 8k and 8k points in the ω2 and ω1 dimensions with a sine square window function in both dimensions HSQC spectra were acquired as a 512*(t1) × 1024*(t2) data matrices using 176 transients per FID and a 1.5 s delay between scans Spectral width of 2003 and 12195 Hz was chosen in ω2 and ω1 The time domain data were processed by zero filling to 2k and 1k points in the ω2 and ω1 dimensions with a cosine square window function in both dimensions HMBC spectra were acquired as a 512*(t1) × 1000*(t2) data matrices using 256 transients per FID and a 1.5 s delay between scans Spectral width of 2000 and 12,066 Hz was chosen in ω2 and ω1 The time domain data were processed by zero filling to 8k and 2k points in the ω2 and ω1 dimensions with a cosine square window function in both dimensions; 62.5 ms delay for evolution of long-range coupling no refocusing of long-range couplings before and no decoupling during acquisition NOESY spectra were acquired as a 256*(t1) × 4096*(t2) data matrices using 40 transients per FID and a 2 s delay between scans The mixing time used for the experiment was 400 ms The time domain data were processed by zero filling to 8k and 1k points in the ω2 and ω1 dimensions Data repository: doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.868689 Snowball Earth climate dynamics and Cryogenian geology - geobiology sp.: implications for the evolution of sex and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes ecology and evolution of the Ediacara biota The rise of algae in Cryogenian oceans and the emergence of animals Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossil Dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals Re-Os geochronology and coupled Os-Sr isotope constraints on the Sturtian Snowball Earth The Ediacaran biota: Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems The effects of marine eukaryote evolution on phosphorus carbon and oxygen cycling across the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition Animals and the invention of the Phanerozoic Earth system Ocean oxygenation in the wake of the Marinoan glaciation Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Ediacaran Araras platform (Western Brazil) from the sedimentary and trace metals record A boundary condition on the evolution of atmospheric oxygen Cryogenian evolution of stigmasterol biosysnthesis Persistence of a freshwater surface ocean after a snowball Earth Neoproterozoic cap carbonates: a critical appraisal of existing models and the plumeworld hypothesis Precipitation in the Mg-carbonate system—effects of temperature and CO2 pressure Failure to precipitate dolomite at 25 C from dilute solution despite 1000-Fold oversaturation after 32 years Surface chemistry allows for abiotic precipitation of dolomite at low temperature Chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Mirassol d’Oeste cap dolostones (Mato Grosso Brazil): an alternative model for Marinoan cap dolostone formation Concepts and models of dolomitization: a critical reappraisal Ocean redox structure across the Late Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event: a nitrogen isotope perspective Structure and absolute configuration of Jurassic polyketide-derived spiroborate pigments obtained from microgram quantities Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water column stratification A paleolatitude calculator for paleoclimate studies Complex patterns of steroidal biomarkers in Tertiary lacustrine sediments of the Biyang Basin Cholesterol inhibition of pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis Prokaryotic hopanoids and other polyterpenoid sterol surrogates The timing of eukaryotic evolution: does a relaxed molecular clock reconcile proteins and fossils Marine ciliates as a widespread source of tetrahymanol and hopan-3β-ol in sediments Inverse carbon isotope patterns of lipids and kerogen record heterogeneous primary biomass Terminal Proterozoic reorganization of biogeochemical cycles Lateral transfer of tetrahymanol-synthesizing genes has allowed multiple diverse eukaryote lineages to independently adapt to environments without oxygen Squalene-hopene cyclase: insight into the role of the methyl group on the squalene backbone upon the polycyclization cascade Enzymatic cyclization products of squalene analogs lacking a 26-methyl group and possessing a methyl group at C(7) or C(11) New cyclization mechanism for squalene: a ring-expansion step for the five-membered C-ring intermediate in hopene biosynthesis 25-Norhopanes: formation during biodegradation of petroleum in the subsurface Biodegradation of 25-norhopanes in a Liaohe basin (NE China) oil reservoir A novel microbial hydrocarbon degradation pathway revealed by hopane demethylation in a petroleum reservoir Microbial alteration of 17α(H)-hopanes in Madagascar asphalts: Removal of C-10 methyl group and ring opening Origin and occurrence of 25-norhopanes: a statistical study The effect of biodegradation on gammacerane in crude oils Photochemical alteration of 3-oxygenated triterpenoids: implications for the origin of 3,4-seco-triterpenoids in sediments Identification of a novel series of tetracyclic terpene hydrocarbons (C24-C27) in sediments and petroleums Contrasted distributions of triterpene derivatives in the sediments of Lake Caco reflect paleoenvironmental changes during the last 20,000yrs in NE Brazil Novel tetracyclic terpanes in crude oils and source rock extracts in Pearl River Mouth basin and their geological significance C27-C30neohop-13(18)-enes and their saturated and aromatic derivatives in sediments: indicators for diagenesis and water column stratification C (sub 26) and C (sub 28) -C (sub 34) 28-norhopanes in sediments and petroleum Demethylated hopanes in crude oils and their applications in petroleum geochemistry Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian period Grazers and phytoplankton growth in the oceans: an experimental and evolutionary perspective Paleobiological perspectives on early eukaryotic evolution The transition from a cyanobacterial to algal world and the emergence of animals Grazing limitation and limitation and nutrient in marine ecosystems: steady state solutions of an ecosystem model with multiple food chains Mixotrophic basis of Atlantic oligotrophic ecosystems Microbially mediated mineral carbonation: roles of phototrophy and heterotrophy Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures Bacterially induced dolomite precipitation in anoxic culture experiments Microbial fossilization in carbonate sediments: a result of the bacterial surface involvement in dolomite precipitation Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater Aerobic biomineralization of Mg-rich carbonates: implications for natural environments Multiple sulfur isotope evidence for massive oceanic sulfate depletion in the aftermath of Snowball Earth Assessing biomarker syngeneity using branched alkanes with quaternary carbon (BAQCs) and other plastic contaminants Incorporation of organic contaminants into geochemical samples and an assessment of potential sources: examples from Geoscience Australia marine survey S282 Improved methods for isolating and validating indigenous biomarkers in Precambrian rocks Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks Airborne hydrocarbon contamination from laboratory atmospheres in Quantifying the Evolution of Early Life (eds Laflamme Enhanced procedural blank control for organic geochemical studies of critical sample material a new technique to remove drilling fluids and other contaminants from fragmented and fissile rock material Download references We thank Arne Leider and Franziska Guenther for discussions; Paul Pringle and Xavier Prieto Mollar for laboratory support; Heike Geilmann Aleksandra Poshibaeva and Mareike Neumann for analyses and data; the National Park Service (GRCA-00645) and Scottish National Wildlife Trust for sampling permissions; and Royal Dutch Shell for permission to publish This work was funded by the Max-Planck-Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Research Center/Cluster of Excellence 309 - MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; WO 1491/4–2 grant to K.W.; FOR 934 grant to C.G.) and by the “Laboratoire d’Excellence” LabexMER (Grant ANR-10-LABX-19) Sampling in Brazil was supported by CAPEX-COFECUB (442/04/06) sampling in Siberia and the Urals was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (14.Z50.31.0017 and 2017-220-06-304) Present address: Research School of Earth Sciences Present address: School of Biological Sciences MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas including preparative LC separation of the organic matter preserved in the carbonates rocks from the Araras Group and Chuar Group and measured the organic extracts using GC-TOF-MS and GC-MS/MS; compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis was conducted by L.M.v.M measured over a 100 additional Phanerozoic samples from the Royal Dutch Shell oil database NMR spectroscopic measurements were performed by K.W and N.N.; NMR spectra were interpreted by K.W. to solve the structure and configuration of BNG; P.S. data and assisted with interpretation; L.M.v.M analysed all geochemical data and wrote the manuscript with input from all other authors The authors declare no competing interests Journal peer review information: Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08306-x Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Microbiology newsletter — what matters in microbiology research Marianne Vos won the UCI C2 Parkcross in Maldegem on Wednesday She defended her win from last year with an attack that saw her solo the last half of the elite women’s race It was her first win of the 2017-18 UCI cyclo-cross season Vos to begin cyclo-cross season in Antwerp Cyclo-cross world championships in doubt for Vos Vos rebounds from illness ahead of cyclo-cross Worlds Marianne Vos and Mathieu Van der Poel headline Hoogerheide World Cup Vos took the win by a 30-second margin ahead of compatriot Annemarie Worst Vos later spoke of her victory on her Instagram account saying support crew and all of you for the lovely messages." placed 18th in Valkenburg at 3:43 behind Cant Cant placed seventh over a minute behind Vos Loes Sels and Katie Compton were the leading seven by the end of the second lap Vos made a decisive attack that split the front group and left Cant 10 seconds back Vos built her solo lead out to 20 seconds to the chase group with three laps to go Vos crossed the line with her first victory of the cyclo-cross season and of 2018 Parkcross was Vos’ seventh race this season She finished fifth at the World Cup in Heusden-Zolder and fourth at the World Cup in Hoogerheide. She also raced C1-level events from the DVV trofee series Scheldecross She was 9th at the Superprestige in Diegem and 18th at the World Championships in Valkenburg on Sunday Vos will soon turn her attention to the road season. Her WM3 Pro Cycling Team will be known as WaowDeals Pro Cycling for the 2018 season Archaeologists have found a plank from an 11th-century well with detailed images of a house etched into it The find is thought to be the only one of its kind in Western Europe and provides researchers with important information about how houses were built in the Middle Ages The plank was found at a site in Maldegem in East Flanders when archaeologists carried out excavations ahead of a business park being built because it shows the very first architectural drawing of a full medieval building,” says archaeologist Evelyn Schynkel “Nowhere else – as far as we know – has such a drawing been found in Western Europe and thus only had a two-dimensional view of what a building could have looked like “Now for the first time we have black-and-white evidence of what the building looked like how the connections between roof trusses and walls ran “It actually very closely matches how we thought buildings were built in the Middle Ages not only in Maldegem but also elsewhere in Flanders.” because it shows the very first architectural drawing of a full medieval building The fact that the board came from a well is important as wood and other organic material is easily destroyed It can only be preserved reasonably well under the water table the floors and foundations show that this really is a structural drawing,” says Schynkel or at least from someone who was involved in building houses perhaps to make it clear to a son or pupil: ‘this is how it should look The plank is now undergoing a preservation process at a company in the Netherlands before it is given to the Ename heritage centre SPACETIME aims to uncover how tumors interact with their surrounding immune and supportive cells These complex and dynamic interactions are key to whether treatments (such as immunotherapy) will be effective the project will use advanced spatial technologies to study the location of cells The kickoff meeting for SPACETIME marked the first time all consortium partners came together in person to foster collaboration presentations of the work packages to outline the project's direction in the coming months this first consortium gathering will ensure collaboration and alignment among partners as SPACETIME moves forward the EU Project Officer attended online to discuss how SPACETIME fits into a larger network of cancer research initiatives The project is aligned with the EU Mission on Cancer which comprises approximately 50 European projects grouped into eight clusters SPACETIME specifically contributes to the “Understanding tumor-host interactions” cluster which aims to foster collaboration with other EU-funded initiatives This collaboration is vital for identifying synergies and sharing best practices across different areas of cancer research The kickoff meeting clarified partner roles highlighted work package interdependencies with its international collaboration and innovative approach aims to be a landmark in lung cancer research Its findings will help identify biomarkers—biological indicators that can predict whether a specific treatment This would be a significant step forward in “precision medicine” where immunotherapies are tailored to the individual characteristics of each tumor ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of ineffective therapies​ Article in Janus: SPACETIME - Amsterdam UMC Janus Chemically modified fossil algae molecules resemble steroid molecules of sponge-like animals Max Planck Researchers and colleagues have resolved a longstanding controversy surrounding the origins of complex life on Earth In two joint studies they found that ancient steroid molecules extracted from 635-million-year-old rocks aren’t the earliest evidence of animals “We were able to demonstrate that molecules from common algae can be altered by geological processes – leading to steroid molecules which are indistinguishable from those produced by sponge-like animals” Such fossil steroid molecules were assumed to represent the earliest traces of animal life The study results are part of van Maldegem’s PhD project conducted in the Max Planck Research Group Organic Paleobiogeochemistry at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry and at Marum - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen where rock samples were collected that provided first evidence on the origin of the fossil steroids “One of the great enigmas in early animal evolution was the lack of a recognisable fossil record even though chemical remains presumably originating from sponge-like animals seemed to be abundant,” said Benjamin Nettersheim the second co-lead author of the study from the same research group “We’ve now been able to solve this mystery While it holds true that sponges are the only living organism which can produce these steroids chemical processes can mimic biology and transform common and abundant algae sterols (a steroid sub-group) into “animal” sterols,” said Ilya Bobrovskiy lead author of the second study from The Australian National University (ANU) and California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Both research teams were able to reproduce in pyrolysis experiments the “fossil animal” sterols from either sterols extracted from algae or pure chemicals including scientists from University of Strasbourg (CNRS underline the importance of their new findings for our understanding of evolution “Understanding the rise of animals is so incredibly important because it stands at the root of our very own existence” said senior author of the first study Christian Hallmann “Before we can search for the drivers for the evolution of organismic complexity we first need to figure out the temporal framework which has been intensely debated during the past decades” “Our results bring the oldest evidence for animals nearly 100 million years closer to the present day” “which is around 560 million years before present” Amsterdam UMC yearly awards a fellowship to an outstanding mid-career researcher giving him/her the opportunity to consolidate a research line in Amsterdam UMC Febe van Maldegem currently works as senior postdoc researcher in the Francis Crick Institute in London an institute conducting world-class discovery research to understand life and benefit human health She has extensive experience in using the innovative Hyperion Imaging System to monitor the immune responses to cancer The Hyperion Imaging System is based on the HeliosTM mass cytometry platform This high-dimensional imaging platform uses large panels of 30-40 mass-tagged antibodies to visualize cells activation markers and structural features in complex tissues such as the tumor microenvironment The Hyperion was recently acquired with joint funding from the Cancer Center Amsterdam the Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity and the department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (location VUmc) The latter will also be serving as host for dr Van Maldegem's research group that will focus on studying the impact of treatments on immune evasive mechanisms in lung cancer aiming to optimise (immuno)therapeutic combinations Input your search keywords and press Enter You can see how this popup was set up in our step-by-step guide: https://wppopupmaker.com/guides/auto-opening-announcement-popups/ There was some drama during Wednesday’s Exact Cross Maldegem – Parkcross when Jinse Peeters (De Ceuster-Bouwpunt) and Manon Bakker (Crelan – Corendon) got into an altercation mid-race resulting in Peeters smacking Bakker on the back of the head The exact (see what I did there) cause of the dispute remains unclear footage shows the Belgian and Dutch cyclocross riders’ bikes becoming entangled Bakker attempts to break free with a shove Both riders were battling for a top-ten finish but the race jury ultimately disqualified them from the race who recently finished second at the under-23 world championships Bakker’s teammate Laurens Sweeck won the men’s event There must be something  about the Exact Cross that brings out the worst in riders at the Exact Cross Beringen on Saturday in Belgium a chase group featuring Eli Iserbyt and Ryan Kamp appeared ready to close the gap to the leaders The Belgian champion immediately blamed the Dutch rider and Kamp wasn’t willing to let it go, resulting in a brief confrontation between the two. Soon after, they swapped bikes, but the change proved futile for Iserbyt, who was disqualified after the sixth lap. Afterward, he was suspended for three races. You can check out Wednesday’s drama below Get the digital edition of Canadian Cycling Magazine Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" ANU is a world-leading university in Australia’s capital Excellence is embedded in our approach to research and education Your donation will make a real difference to our community of researchers and students ANU graduates become lifelong members of our community ANU has a huge variety of support services programs and activities to enhance your student experience Two teams of scientists have resolved a longstanding controversy surrounding the origins of complex life on Earth The joint studies found molecular fossils extracted from 635-million-year-old rocks aren't the earliest evidence of animals The researchers from The Australian National University (ANU) Max Planck Institute and Caltech say the finding has big implications for our understanding of evolution "It brings the oldest evidence for animals nearly 100 million years closer to the present day," Dr Lennart van Maldegem from ANU "We were able to demonstrate that certain molecules from common algae can be altered by geological processes - leading to molecules which are indistinguishable from those produced by sponge-like animals said the mystery of when our very earliest animal ancestors emerged and became abundant in the oceans has puzzled palaeontologists for more than a century scientists discovered the molecular fossils of an animal steroid in rocks that were once at the bottom of an ancient sea in the Middle East," Professor Brocks said how could these sponges have been so abundant covering much of the seafloor across the world said the researchers have been able to "solve this mystery" "While it holds true sponges are the only living organism which can produce these steroids chemical processes can mimic biology and transform common and abundant algae sterols into 'animal' sterols," he said "These molecules can be generated in the lab when simulating geological time and temperatures but we also showed such processes did happen in ancient rocks." The two complementary studies have been published in Nature Ecology and Evolution You can view the papers at the following links: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-01334-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-01336-5 World Champion Mathieu van der Poel, 2019 Brico Cross CX at Maldegem, Belgium - Click for high resolution - photo Copyright © 2019 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Mathieu van der Poel won the 2019 Brico Cross CX at Maldegem, Belgium. - Click for high resolution - photo Copyright © 2019 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com - Note that the Brico Cross series is now known as Ethias Cross LIVE - LIVE video here.  (VTM - LIVE video here.  (VTM - LIVE video here.  (English February 17: Brico Cross Cyclocross Vestingcross Hulst Netherlands.  (Women's and Men's races)  Details below - Brico Cross Cyclocross Vestingcross Hulst, Netherlands Start Lists here.  (all events) - Brico Cross Cyclocross Vestingcross Hulst - The 2019 Brico Cross Cyclocross Vestingcross Hulst February 17.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races Sanne Cant (Belgium) won the 2019 UCI Cyclocross World Championships Elite Women race. - Click for high resolution - photo Copyright © 2019 Cor Vos/cyclingfans.com Notes from the 2019 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Maldegem - LIVE video here.  (VTM - LIVE video here.  (English - Brico Cross Cyclocross at Maldegem, Belgium Start Lists here - The 2019 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Maldegem February 6.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races Notes from the 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Bredene - LIVE video here.  (VTM - LIVE video here.  (English December 29: Brico Cross Cyclocross at Bredene - Brico Cross Cyclocross at Bredene, Belgium Start Lists here (elite women) and here (elite men) Eastern  Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Bredene December 29.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races Notes from the 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Essen - News: Sweeck wins in Essen (Cyclingnews) - Vermeersch and David van der Poel round out podium - News: Kaptheijns victorious in Essen (Cyclingnews) - Brand and Lechner round out the podium - LIVE video here.  (VTM - LIVE video here.  (VTM - LIVE video here.  (English - On Saturday: Brico Cross Cyclocross at Essen - Brico Cross Cyclocross at Essen, Belgium Start Lists here ET  Elite Men at 15:00 CET - The 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Essen, Belgium is Saturday, December 8.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races.  More info here Notes from the 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Lokeren - LIVE video here.  (Dutch - LIVE video here (Women) and here (Men).  (English - Start Lists: Elite Women and Men Start Lists Eastern) Elite Men at 15:00 CET (9:00am U.S - The 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Lokeren Belgium ("Rapencross") is Saturday October 13.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races Notes from the 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Ronse Belgium ("Hotondcross" or GP Mario De Clercq Ronse) - LIVE video here.  (Dutch - LIVE video here (Women) and here (Men).  (English - The 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Ronse Belgium ("Hotondcross" or GP Mario De Clercq Ronse) is Sunday October 7.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races Notes from the 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Meulebeke - On Sunday: Brico Cross Cyclocross at Ronse Belgium.  (Women's and Men's races)  Details to come.. - LIVE video here.  (Dutch - LIVE video here. (Women) and here (Men) Eastern) Elite Men and U23 at 15:00 CET (9:00am U.S - The 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Meulemeke October 6.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races Notes from the 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Geraardsbergen - Lars van der Haar won the Elite Men's 2018 Brico Cross CX at Geraardsbergen.  (Grammont) - Eva Lechner won the Elite Women's 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Geraardsbergen - LIVE video here.  (Dutch - Brico Cross Cyclocross at Geraardsbergen - The 2018 Brico Cross Cyclocross at Geraardsbergen September 16.  There will be live streams for both the elite women's and men's races - 2018-2019 Brico Cross Cyclocross Schedule: He thanked the NTA for sponsoring the training