Associate Dean of Studies and Associate Professor of International Relations at Boston University’s Frederick S has been invited to co-chair the European Union seminar at Harvard’s Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies The European Union Seminar examines central social and political issues of the European Union It covers topics such as institutional developments and the EU’s policy on Ukraine and its security policy in European Professor Schilde joins a distinguished group of co-chairs The seminar’s upcoming sessions will focus on timely issues affecting the EU The first session on September 19 will address the impact of the far right on foreign policy in the EU featuring Andrew Moravcsik of Princeton University as the speaker and Daniel Ziblatt as the discussant Future sessions will explore the EU’s security policy in response to the Ukraine war the EU’s increasing role as a state actor and the challenges of Ukraine’s potential EU membership and EU enlargement This appointment aligns with Professor Schilde’s expertise as the EU Jean Monnet Chair of European Security at Boston University and her role as Global Fellow at the Wilson Center For more information about the European Union Seminar, visit the Center for European Studies website: https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/study-groups/000042-the-european-union-study-group View all posts Esther Norman passed away peacefully on April 24 She will be remembered and sadly missed by her loving daughter Susan (Tom) Klassen as well as by her many dear friends whom she loved as family She is survived by her brother Siegfried Schilde Esther was predeceased by her husband Edward Walter Norman in 1968 and by Waldemar Krzanowski in 1996 BC and moved to the Lower Mainland with her Husband Edward BC and worked as the Head of Housekeeping at the Squamish General Hospital She and Walter moved to the Okanagan and then to Oliver when they retired in 1991 Esther has been living on an acreage in Oliver with her brother Siegfried She did all of these things even when she became visually impaired We all benefited from her beautiful and tasty creations that were made for us with love Esther's family would like to send special thanks to the staff of McKinney Place in Oliver BC for the care and compassion and the sense of family that they provided for her A Celebration of Life will be held when we are able to gather again Memorial tributes can be made to a charity or an animal rescue of your choice Please visit these standalone sites for more information GE Aerospace | GE Vernova | GE HealthCare  located in the Belgian province of Antwerp will be the first in Europe to use the new ZeeLung MABR technology GE’s Water & Process Technologies offers a hybrid system in which 50 percent of the wastewater is treated by ZeeWeed 500D MBR and the remaining flow of 8 million liters per day is treated by a conventional activated sludge system Adding ZeeLung MABR to the plant will enable improved total nitrogen removal in the conventional activated sludge stream The plant was originally designed for the treatment of 28,000 population equivalents (both hydraulic and biologic capacity) The actual load of the Schilde Wastewater Treatment Plant has gradually increased to 35,000 population equivalents biological treatment capacity was increased by extending membrane capacity of the MBR (so it can handle more flow) and installing post-denitrification sand filters on the effluent of the conventional activated sludge system “Using ZeeLung and ZeeWeed together for the expansion of the Schilde Wastewater Treatment Plant will allow Aquafin to complete the upgrade with minimal modifications and with no need to build new tankage they will be able to meet the new annual total nitrogen removal consent,” said Alain Mineur The Schilde Wastewater Treatment Plant is the largest municipal hybrid MBR system in Flanders and the upgrade is being completed by KAMPS SA After the expansion is complete in the first quarter of 2017 the plant will have 65 percent total nitrogen removal “Water & Process Technologies’ hybrid solution of ZeeLung and ZeeWeed was about meeting an effluent specification within the plant’s existing footprint The Schilde Wastewater Treatment Plant needed to be upgraded to increase its nutrient removal ability the plant will have lower energy consumption,” said Kevin Cassidy engineered systems-GE’s Water & Process Technologies “The project is the first application of our new ZeeLung technology in Europe ZeeLung MABR technology is a simple solution that allows municipalities to achieve nutrient removal and/or capacity expansion in existing tank volumes while significantly reducing energy consumption It employs an innovative gas transfer membrane to deliver oxygen to a biofilm that is attached to the membrane surface Immersing ZeeLung cassettes into mixed liquor increases the inventory of biomass in a treatment system thereby intensifying the biological treatment process Oxygen is delivered to the biofilm by diffusion through the membrane which reduces the energy required for oxygen delivery by up to four times compared to conventional aeration With operations in 130 countries and employing over 7,500 people worldwide GE’s Water & Process Technologies applies its innovations expertise and global capabilities to solve customers’ toughest water and process challenges It offers a comprehensive set of chemical and equipment solutions Water & Process Technologies strives to enable customers to meet increasing demands for clean water strengthen environmental stewardship and comply with regulatory requirements * Trademark of General Electric Company; may be registered in one or more countries Beth CoffmanSoteryx Corporation [email protected] +1 518 886 1076 Belgian Wastewater Treatment Plant First in Europe to Use ZeeLung* Technology Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University is pleased to announce the appointment of Kaija Schilde Associate Professor of International Relations and Jean Monnet Chair in European Security Schilde, an expert in the political economy of transatlantic security, brings a wealth of experience to her new position. She is the author of “The Political Economy of European Security” (Cambridge University Press, 2017) and has contributed extensively to scholarly articles on security themes Serving as a faculty member at Pardee since 2010 Schilde has demonstrated exceptional citizenship within both the School and the University Currently, Schilde serves as the director of Pardee’s Center for the Study of Europe where she has played a pivotal role in advancing the Center’s mission to foster a deeper understanding of Europe through interdisciplinary frameworks The School expresses gratitude for Schilde’s dedication to the Center for the Study of Europe over the past three years A successor for the role of CSE Director will be announced later in the spring who has served as the School’s inaugural Associate Dean for Studies since 2020 Selin’s tenure has been characterized by his remarkable leadership and invaluable contributions to academic programs The School extends its deepest appreciation to Selin for his service and warmly welcomes Schilde as the new Associate Dean for Studies Dean Scott Taylor expressed his confidence in Schilde’s ability to excel in her new role “Kaija’s extensive expertise and commitment to academic excellence make her the ideal candidate to lead our studies program We are thrilled to have her join our leadership team.” Tagged: , This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Andrea Schilde and her husband Eli Karplus who left their full-time jobs in the US to travel to more than a dozen countries with their son and my 22-year career was in software development it's not always easy to keep the right balance We both worked in demanding and fast-paced environments which took a toll on our time and health over the years The pandemic allowed us to spend more time together as a family We ended up selling our house in Boulder before starting our travels We considered renting out the house while traveling but with our older kids grown up and in college that we noticed our son Finn was excelling in his studies Finn is now in fourth grade and he learns well online Our school district in Boulder offers an online classroom with a semi-asynchronous curriculum that we thought would be a perfect match for the kind of traveling we wanted to do We had access to a great education platform to make sure that Finn has a regular but he had the flexibility to do the work on whichever day and time that made sense for him.  Finn gets between 15 and 20 assignments in a week and has an online platform to message his teacher Facebook is the best place to find work and school communities and activities for travelers to be part of.  When we visited Luxor in Egypt, Finn attended his first WorldSchool Hub — a place where other traveling families come together to find community and where kids learn new things in a different setting It's completely different than school as we know it learned about irrigation and how the Nile gave Egypt life Sometimes we compromise with the teachers on assignments We ask Finn to drop his teacher a note and tell them what he learned that day and that typically counts as some of the assignments.  Finn was excited about the prospect of adventure far-off places that he had heard about and read about he struggled with missing friends back home and never passed up a chance to interact with kids or grownups whatever language they might speak.   We use the website TrustedHousesitters to connect with homeowners all around the world House and dog sitting is a wonderful way to live in new places and meet great people the kids are going to destroy our house." But we've found that there are like-minded families all around the world and also share photos of the house that we sold We hope that this can help them connect with us and feel we are trustworthy.  The homeowners know that their dog and their house are in good hands it's such a great way to save money on the road Housesitting is different from being in a hotel and it gives a homey feeling compared to an Airbnb We love meeting wonderful people and it's such an honor for someone to trust us and share their homes and pets with us especially when we currently don't have one of our own There are three main expenses to watch out for — food Most places we've traveled to can afford us a lifestyle that's cheaper than the one we were living in the US There have been places where we have to spend $2,000 to $3,000 a month on accommodation There are also ways to save money on accommodation in more expensive places apart from housesitting Choosing accommodations that are smaller and further from the city center helps because other types of rentals were so expensive there.  we took the discount train when traveling around Europe The less you move around and the slower you travel the cheaper it gets because you don't have to spend as much with airfares There are several things that can break the budget like traveling between countries in a short amount of time Longer stays in a single location where we can slow our roll One misconception is that the world is full of dangerous places and people What we have found is that there are a lot of really friendly When you take yourself off of auto pilot and leave your comfort zone behind Every new destination offers us a leap into a new life — new environment Finn had reservations and worries about missing our dog and his good friends in the neighborhood he has come to value connection with others We initially planned to travel for around 18 months to about two years But we've yet to decide whether we'll travel for longer and perhaps even explore the idea of working remotely while traveling the world experts will dig deep into a single issue happening in the world to help you better understand it the European Commission released its first-ever defense industrial strategy long-term vision to achieve defence industrial readiness in the European Union” in the face of “Russia’s unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine.” We asked top experts on the European defense industry to weigh in on the strategy and how effective This is members-only content. Become a member today to read more Signing up for this newsletter means you agree to our data policy With a bit of lucky you don’t live very far and were born under a lucky star while it may look like a run-of-the mill local bistro Le Petit Panisse has been creating the buzz since a few weeks amongst gourmets who make a beeline to come here from all over Paris the arrival of new chef Jeff Schilde (ex Dame Jane) has changed things in this charming  restaurant dating back to the 30s with a typical Parisian decor worth of an Amélie Poulain remake covered with tatooes imposes his colourful style A stunning oriental terrine with merguez mint oil (€10) green asparagus with smoked scarmoza (Italian cheese) lemon sauce (€12) tartare and fries twisted with  combawa (citrus fruit) (€18) Classic bistro fare as you have never tasted washed down by natural wines from a handful of producers (5€ per glass) Jeff starts at the bottom for each service a wild glazed red orange  tiramisu and a Fontainebleau cream of lemon—infinitely sweet The plus: lhe old fashioned terrace where you can drink until closing time Also check out Chez Justine, the buzzing restaurant and the Frenchie wine bar Bacha: a coffee shop worthy of the 1,001 nights Where to Indulge in an Insane Strawberry Tart Three New Italian Restaurants to Try Right Away The creations of Paris's best chocolatiers for easter 5 Grand Gourmet Luxuries to Treat Yourself to… for Less Than 40 € The new Michelin-starred restaurants to try in Paris Where to take a cool and stylish pastry class in Paris 5 new adventurous tables in the heart of Paris Our 5 Favorite Bouillons for a Feast Without Breaking the Bank Four new tables for friends to reserve as a group Where to Have an Author's Breakfast in Paris Where to Find the Best Carrot Cakes in Paris The New Marine Table That Delights the Triangle d'Or 5 fresh new addresses in Saint-Germain-des-Prés Where to book for a business lunch in Paris Kapara launches the sexiest Israeli brunch in Paris We Went Back for Lunch at Jòia by Hélène Darroze Discover the Trendiest Cocktail Bars Reviving Paris Hotels with rooftop that make our head spin in Paris 12 turn-key looks to be in the spotlight at a wedding The 5 New Parisian Boutiques You Absolutely Need to Check Out Glucose Goddess: Jessie Inchauspé's Revolutionary Method The most beautiful committed florists in Paris on a short circuit The concept store Merci opens a sublime 2nd space What are the shoe trends for back to school 2016 (Junior): A career year for Steffen ended with an America East All-Conference nod thanks in part to her career-high four goals and ten points.  Steffen scored goals against Vermont with that final goal coming in the America East tournament.  Her goal against Missouri State was the game-winner as well.  Steffen''s work as a midfielder helped the Tigers hold opponents to just 1.68 goals per game 2015 (Sophomore): Steffen was a key contributor for the Tigers starting 18 of 19 games for the team.  She scored one goal against Missouri State and also assisted on goals against Saint Louis and VCU while working mostly in the midfield and dominating the possession game.  In Pacific''s 2-1 victory over Cal one of her four multi-shot games on the year.  She also put up multiple shots against Saint Louis 2014 (Freshman): Steffen played in all 20 games and made 18 starts in her debut season with the Tigers She averaged over 50 minutes per contest and tallied a goal and an assist on the year while attempting five shots 25 at Appalachian State and she added an assist against the Mountaineers on Nov played for the Belgian national team at the U18 and U16 levels earning a fifth place finish at the 2013 U18 European championships in Dublin she and her team earned a runner-up position at the 2012 U16 championships in Valencia Spain and a third place finish in the 2012 U16 Five Nations Tournament in Mannheim Steffen has 10 years of club experience for the KHC Dragons of Brasschaat including a second place finish in the European Hockey League in 2013.  In her free time she enjoys reading and going out with friends There are no statistics available for this player Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here LADY LONGHORNS – Members of Dover’s 2021-22 high school basketball girls team include DOVER LONGHORNS – Members of the 2021-22 Dover High School boys basketball team include Emory Norton and Lance Dunigan; and back row Click here to read Kingfisher Times and Free Press Kingfisher Times & Free Press Copyright © 2025 Kaija Schilde Associate Professor of International Relations at the Frederick S Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University was quoted in a Center for American Progress article discussing defense policy in the European Union (EU) In the article, titled “The Case for EU Defense,” authors Max Bergmann and Siena Cicarelli argue that the EU – in forming a trans-national union – has weakened its collective military power They go on to discuss how EU citizens cite increases in national defense spending as unnecessary for two reasons: the citizenships that needs protecting is that of the EU it should fall on the EU to protect Europeans the article continues to discuss how European citizens support increased defense spending at an EU level The authors cite Schilde’s research on the matter – “A more martial Europe? Public opinion, permissive consensus, and EU defense policy” – which argues the “slow progress of integration in [defense] is due to the reluctance of elites rather than to the reticence of Europe’s citizens.” As the research shows the European public strongly supports defense policy but EU leaders have elected instead to rely on the United States for de facto subsidize its defense ‘The European public supports EU defence policy and citizens hold consistent and well-developed attitudes on the topic.’ Furthermore no other policy domain is as popular and robust as the idea of pooling national sovereignty over defence.’ The authors also argue that European support for EU defense is also not soft or the result of indifference or uninformed views respondents understand what it means to have greater EU involvement and therefore have a clear sense of what they are preferring The full article can be read on the Center for American Progress‘ website. Schilde’s article can be read online Tagged: , , , , marks the one-year anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine The war’s impact around the world continues to be staggering and recent events show they might soon worsen BU Today posed two key questions to the Pardee school scholars: if peace talks are not being considered And what will the world look like when it’s over While neither Lukes nor Schilde was particularly surprised by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine nearly a year ago, the damage it has caused and its impacts on the rest of the world are undeniable. In discussing the future of Ukraine, Schilde seemed cautiously optimistic. While there is no movement toward making Ukraine a member of the European Union (EU) “Ukraine will become powerful as a tech leader even though it will still be Russia’s neighbor…I don’t want to be overly optimistic But I just don’t see a break from the embeddedness it’s already achieved.” Both Lukes and Schilde argue that the Russian state is in a troubled state; however, Lukes thinks Russia could become a “more normal actor in the world” if not for President Vladimir Putin. As he puts it, he is the architect of this conflict who has threatened to escalate it further as the United States and other western allies encroach further “as long as Putin is at the top of the pyramid of Russian power viable solution that would be acceptable to him and the Ukrainians and their western allies.” The full interview can be read on BU Today‘s website as part of the Pardee School Research Seminar Series on April 23 The Political Economy of European Security draws on industry documents and comparative political theory to demonstrate that interest groups can change the outcomes of developing political institutions because they provide sources of external capacity which in turn can produce authority over time mobilized interest groups often create informal institutions like think tanks or industry associations and then those informal institutions provide the developing state with expertise with external capacity that it didn’t otherwise have,” Schilde said this means interest groups under certain conditions gave the EU a capacity it didn’t have that member states didn’t give it legally So in some areas the EU is doing more with less and that more is coming from informal institutions.” Schilde said the book attempts to develop a better understanding of the relationship between private actors and international institutions in global governance as international institutions take on aspects of statehood once in the sole domain of nation states The book explores how the presence of interest groups change EU governance outcomes “When you think about interest groups normally you think about how they want laws change or how they want there to be a different regulation over something,” Schilde said in state-building and in new political environments they often can change institutions and how the rules of the game are formed if they are there in the beginning.” The Political Economy of European Security was written to be of interest to scholars outside of EU studies in addition to policymakers and academics trying to understand the phenomenon of EU lobbying It is intended to appeal in particular to non-governmental organizations keeping track of lobbying influence and issues of corruption in EU affairs as data in the book allows for evaluation of the relationship between organized interest groups and EU policy authority “I basically used a lot of theories of state-building and institutional change to talk about what the relationship is between private actors and a developing nascent public institution,” Schilde said “I position myself in this way by talking about interest groups in Europe as those that might be doing more than just potentially lobbying for small policy changes.” Schilde’s research interests involve European and transatlantic security, the political economy of defense and security markets and industries, EU lobbies and interest groups, and the role of private nonstate actors in national and international security. Learn more about her here. The Center for the Study of Europe (CSE), an affiliated regional center at the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University, hosted a March 28, 2019 talk with Kaija Schilde Pardee School Assistant Professor of International Relations Schilde gave a talk entitled “Explaining EU Asymmetry: A Comparison of Borders and Asylum Policy Development,” that focused on why the EU coordinates on some policies but not others She began by recognizing lack of coordination or harmonization not as a failure or aberration and by reconsidering the EU as a political context of asymmetry and dynamism Schilde also examined the uneven development of comparable policies complicating national sovereignty to consider what type of ex ante theorization could characterize the EU’s policy landscape not as problematic or malfunctional defined by stable asymmetry and bifurcated agency She considered three dimensions of asymmetry: power Schilde identified the nexus of these asymmetries as accounting for bifurcated migration policy through comparative case study analysis Extrapolating from migration as a representative policy area she suggested a dynamic asymmetry approach explains uneven and arrested political development of the EU as purposeful and enduring Kaija E. Schilde is Assistant Professor at the Boston University Pardee School of Global Studies Her primary research interests involve the political economy of security and transatlantic security The Political Economy of European Security (Cambridge University Press 2017) investigates the state-society relations between the EU and interest groups with a particular focus on security and defense institutions The mission of the Center for the Study of Europe is to promote understanding of Europe through its cultural heritage; its political and philosophy; as well as through its recent emergence as a new kind of international form through the European Union (EU) the center provides a focal point and institutional support for the study of Europe across Boston University through coordination of teaching missions community-building among faculty and students The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University would like to congratulate  Kaija Schilde and Michael Woldemariam on their recent promotions to Associate Professors of International Relations The promotions were approved by the President and Provost of Boston University “I am delighted to congratulate Kaija Schilde and Michael Woldemariam on their tenure and promotions to Associate Professor,” said Pardee School Dean Adil Najam “They have been prolific and productive members of our faculty and I wish them both long and distinguished careers full of accolades and carrying the Pardee flag high and proud.” “I would like to thank my colleagues for their support and for creating a wonderful environment for teaching and scholarship at the Pardee School,” Schilde said “I’m deeply grateful to my colleagues at the Pardee School and throughout the university for their support,” Woldemariam said “The Pardee School has been a fantastic place to grow  as both an educator and a researcher and I look forward to helping to take this institution to new heights in the coming years I’m excited about the opportunities that lay ahead.” these promotions and awards of tenure mark an especially proud moment for the BU community as we’ve had the pleasure of watching these talented women and men develop from promising junior faculty into teachers and scholars of national impact and recognition,” said Boston University Provost and Chief Academic Officer Jean Morrison in her announcement of the promotions Tagged: , , , , Kaija Schilde, Assistant Professor of International Relations at the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University, was selected from among 40 applicants to participate in a six-week summer fellowship at the Center for Teaching and Learning designed to inspire creative changes in classrooms across Boston University The fellowship, which was detailed in a recent article by BU Today included a $6,000 stipend and ran for six weeks concurrently with the first summer term Proposals from applicants covered a wide range of topics including improving class videos to fine-tuning collaborations among students In addition to weekly group conversations over lunch and dinner at Silber Way the fellows also had weekly one-on-one meetings with Center for Teaching and Learning Director Matthew Trevett-Smith focusing on data-based resources specific to their projects Trevett-Smith will check back in with the fellows to assist with self-assessment You can read the entire BU Today story on the fellowships, entitled “Center for Teaching and Learning Expands Efforts,” here Schilde’s research interests involve European and transatlantic security, the political economy of defense and security markets and industries, EU lobbies and interest groups, and the role of private nonstate actors in national and international security. Learn more about her here. A new research paper published by Prof. Kaija E. Schilde of the Boston University Frederick S Pardee School of Global Studies asks an obvious but interesting question: Who are the Europeans The paper, published in the Journal of Common Market Studies (2014 looks at European identity outside of European integration and comes up with some novel and interesting results and sheds new light on the meaning of contemporary European identity The abstract of the paper – titled ‘Who are the Europeans? European Identity Outside of European Integration’ – explains the argument: What do we know about the relationship between Europe While national identity is a multifaceted phenomenon European identity has been linked to the growth of the European Union This article attempts to analyze some of the attributes of individuals with European identity in central and eastern Europe prior to EU accession by applying existing hypotheses on correlates of European identity The phenomenon of identification with Europe prior to EU accession provides a window into understanding the identity mechanisms that inform the concept of European identity The first Eurobarometer surveys measuring European identification in central and eastern accession states reported a puzzling finding: that more people identified with Europe than in existing EU states An analysis of the Eurobarometer results provides counter-intuitive comparisons and contrasts between eastern and western Europe and uncovers potential mechanisms illustrating the content of contemporary European identity The research concludes by answering its novel question thus: “European identity might be neither an explicit attachment to the EU nor an implicit process of learning and socialization because of EU opportunities: it might be a raw cultural category of reference available to the entire public Tagged: We are thrilled to announce that Elizabeth Amrien has been honored with the 2023 Inaugural Impact Award at Pardee Elizabeth has served as the Assistant Director of the Center for the Study of Europe at Boston University since October 2011 and as the Assistant Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at Boston University since July 2015 making her an invaluable member of the Pardee community Her remarkable commitment shines through as she consistently steps up when needed showcasing immense generosity along the way Elizabeth’s profound expertise and deep knowledge of the community have positioned her as a beacon of support for many One nominator aptly described her as someone who effortlessly dispels fears through her engagement in tasks Elizabeth has orchestrated the execution of hundreds of events leaving an indelible mark on thousands of attendees Her most recent triumph includes the successful organization of the ‘Conversations on Israel-Palestine’ series a testament to her exceptional organizational skills and ability to make events happen even on tight timelines it is gratifying to know I have been able to impact the school in a positive way I have been extremely fortunate in my career at Boston University to have worked directly for not one warm and generous women: Irena Grudzinka Gross it is because they empowered me to succeed If I have been able to give back to the School it is out of this bounty of female mentors.” Join us in acknowledging Elizabeth Amrien for her outstanding contributions and impact at Pardee and unwavering commitment have truly set her apart making her a well-deserved recipient of the 2023 Inaugural Impact Award Elizabeth Amrien has been working in the international studies arena at Boston University since May 2002 and directing interdisciplinary projects of global scope and relevance She connects people and groups doing similar work plans and executes public and scholarly events as the Assistant Director of the Center for the Study of Europe and the Assistant Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at Boston University her responsibilities include event planning and program management including an active visiting researcher program Elizabeth holds a BA in religious studies from Fordham University (1991) an MDiv (magna cum laude) from Yale Divinity School (1995) She is an active member of Boston’s Church of the Advent The Project on the Political Economy of Security, a working group at the  Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University hosted their first presentation as part of the Boston Area Political Economy of Security Working Group at the Watson Institute at Brown University on February 26 the Stephen and Barbara Friedman Professor of International Political Economy in the Department of Government at Cornell kicked off the series with his talk titled “Political Economy and International Security: The State of the Art.” Assistant Professor of International Relations and co-director of the Project on the Political Economy of Security at the Pardee School said the discussion set the tone for the rest of the series in laying out how economics impact security outcomes “Jonathan Kirshner’s talk was a broad agenda-setting discussion of some of the key ways in which economics impacts security outcomes from the security implications of changes in oil markets to the domestic and international security implications of political movements arising in response to global secular declines in growth,” Schilde said Schilde said she hopes the series of discussions will serve as a collaboration of economics and security experts “We are delighted to collaborate with leading scholars working at the intersection of economics and security from across the Boston-area and beyond,” Schilde said we plan to convene practitioners and scholars at the Pardee School to bridge academic disciplines and policy-academic divides.” The events of 9/11 not only reshaped the global response to terrorism but raised new and troubling questions about security It reshaped immigration policies in the United States and led to a surge in discrimination Pardee School professors echoed the troubling ripples that the terrorist attacks sent through American society and the world at large Excerpts from their full responses are below Adil Najam Professor of International Relations and Earth & Environment “September 11 triggered a “War on Terror” that continues even as new generations of terror organizations proclaiming to speak for “real” Islam sprout with new names and across the globe A generation of terrorists was hunted down; many were killed The United States has been able to deter any other attacks of similar scope on the “homeland” (a word that derived new meaning from 9/11) But across the Middle East and parts of Asia and Africa and conflict fanned by 9/11 and its aftermath persist.” Associate Professor of International Relations “I’ll mention one thing: the defense budget The US wars in reaction to 9/11 created the contemporary American warfare state 1990s budget cuts (nearly 50 percent) partially dismantled the Cold War military increases in military spending outpaced increases in civilian spending on education The estimated costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars are $8 trillion and 900,000 lives not including the ongoing regional political instability and the human security tolls of refugee displacement.” “Risk analysts tell us that when a threat is emotionally charged and evokes disproportionate dread decision makers are at risk of action bias which involves rapidly choosing remedies without considering countervailing risks or long-term consequences like taking ibuprofen for a headache without anticipating the risk of stomach pain…In retrospect this is precisely the trap that policymakers fell into Their shock and fear led them to attempt the impossible hoping against hope that liberal institutions and protections for minorities would follow Jack Weinstein Professor of the Practice of International Security The challenges facing this nation are radically different from the sole focus we had in 2001—defeating Islamic terrorists who viciously attacked our nation as the Taliban are once again ruling the country and America’s leadership in the world is being questioned Two decades ago we were truly “The UNITED States of America.” Under the death and destruction of 9/11 we saw Americans united in purpose and neighbors supporting each other as though they were family that world of unity and singular focus no longer exists Today’s international security environment is complicated Russia and China are focused on changing the world order that was established after World War II Professor of the Practice of International Relations “Beginning with 9/11 the CIA became more than ever a covert action agency Enthusiastic support for covert action replaced ambivalence because there was almost universal support from three presidents and the Congress Covert action by the CIA became a US government third option between doing nothing against terrorist operatives or sending tens of thousands of American military to fight in the Middle East or Central Asia covert action by the CIA will remain and likely will grow to remain the tool of the US government to counter terrorist activities in that region.” The full responses can be read in BU Today‘s article online The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University is proud to welcome a new working group, “The Political Economy of Security.” the working group hosted two events at the Pardee School this week The first was a gala reception attended by members of the faculty and university community “I am delighted by the interest across the BU campus and Boston for our new initiative. Questions about how economics impacts security and how security impacts economics are some of the most interesting issues we confront in the study and practice of global affairs,” said Assistant Professor Kaija Schilde, one of the leaders of the working group “The fact that so many students came to see Professor Erickson’s talk during the busiest week of the year demonstrates how much interest there is in these topics.” Additionally, the working group hosted a lecture by Boston College professor Jennifer Erickson entitled “The Politics of Arms Export Controls.” Erickson is the author of “Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights and International Reputation,” published by Columbia University Press She spoke of the conflicting mandates of nations which participate in arms export treaties but who often have pressing foreign policy goals that lead to the continuation of dealing arms “The lowest-performing human rights nations are still getting weapons,” said Erickson in the event which was attended by a full complement of students the only thing that can impact the flow of arms exports is a large political scandal Earlier this semester, the working group celebrated its launch in a gala reception at the 2015 ISA Conference in New Orleans. The Political Economy of Security Working Group is led by Schilde and Rosella Cappella Zielinski of the Department of Political Science .st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a} By Stefani Reynolds | Contributing photographer the village of Sharon Springs can be found on the northwest section of the town of Sharon Named in part for the important springs in the area Sharon Springs made its way onto the National Register of Historic Places as a historic spa village The mineral springs in town were used as a form of medical treatment would travel to Sharon Springs in the summer for the spas many large hotels were built in the village Sunnycrest Orchards has been family owned and operated since 1975 and then by their children Tim Schilde and Laurie Schmitt and Sunnycrest now has an active farm market greenhouses and a country gift shop on the property Sunnycrest Orchards began making Sharon Springs Farm Girl Vinegars The all-natural apple cider vinegar is made right on the farm With the apple juice squeezed right in the cider mill it is then placed in a bulk tank to age for up to two years before it reaches the shelves of the Sunnycrest Farm Store run by Donna and Dale's brother Peter Latella The Chow Wagon is now open April through October (weather permitting) Latella has become "almost famous" for his chili the 50-foot tall teepee gained its third family of owners in 2000 The Teepee has something fun for visitors and locals alike The Tepee is sure to have plenty of amazing finds Soak in the beautiful views between the town of Sharon Springs and the notorious Tepee in Cherry Valley An American Emporium plays host to five incredibly unique vendors Visitors can find a little bit of everything within these walls photographs and a number of ceramic pieces by various artists in their gallery space The American Hotel was built by Nicholas LaRue in 1842 after standing empty for more than 30 years was purchased by current owners Doug Plummer and Garth Roberts it underwent five years of extensive renovation and reopened in May of 2001 it also hosts a number of events throughout the year Empie and Smith building was completed in 1910 and operated as a department store until the 1950s art gallery and mail order company before becoming the antique store that it is today the Roseboro will see a lot of changes in future while holding on to it's traditional exterior renovations will include a library on the second floor a restored ballroom for larger events such as weddings and receptions and a garden surrounding the fountain on the grounds the Roseboro got into the holiday spirit with a beautifully decorated front porch the Roseboro was actually three separate hotels: the Howland House the Rosenberg Hotel and the Rosenberg House connections were added to create the 45,000-square-foot Renaissance Revival structure that exists today Major repairs began after the Roseboro was purchased in 1996 and continue today under new ownership Turn Around Spa and Lodge is just one of the many wonderful places to stay in Sharon Springs with plenty of beautiful spaces and interesting stories everything has a story inside of Turn Around Spa and Lodge a wonderful stop on the edge of Sharon Springs demonstrates how to use his homemade invention while having "a conversation with himself" in front of his home in Sharon Springs After purchasing the Imperial Baths bathhouse in 2004 a South Korean-based company is now working to renovate the space into a Korean-style spa Follow a self-guided walking tour to learn a little bit about the town of Sharon Springs and some its key landmarks Sharon Springs' one-room schoolhouse still stands on the edge of town Open mid-April through the middle of October Kelly and Bruce Button opened the New York House six years ago Each of their eight guest rooms and suites comes with a private bath equipped with spa quality products and a bath towel warmer and the front porch is a relaxing space to enjoy some peace and quiet A frequent host to weddings and receptions its picturesque surroundings on the edge of town make it a perfect spot to hold events A weekend getaway from their New York City apartment turned into a successful business for Brent Ridge and Josh Kilmer-Purcell The two purchased the historic Beekman 1802 Farm in 2007 After coming across hard times in the 2008 recession they had to choose to stay on the farm and make it profitable or keep their apartment in the city After choosing to stay on the historic Beekman Farm Brent Ridge and Josh Kilmer-Purcell opened Beekman 1802 Mercantile in the heart of town A 12-room eclectic gift shop in the heart of Sharon Springs has everything from toys to candles to beautiful home decor Read messages from the many visitors of Cobbler and Co. scrawled on the walls throughout the store See more community photo essays Our photographers are visiting small communities to take in the sheer beauty of life in Upstate New York Little Falls Mohawk Herkimer Or see them all here. 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Volume 11 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254136 filamentous microorganisms are known for their broad product spectrum and complex cellular morphology Product formation and cellular morphology are often closely linked requiring a well-defined level of mechanical stress to achieve high product concentrations Macroparticles were added to shake flask cultures of the filamentous actinomycete Lentzea aerocolonigenes to find these optimal cultivation conditions there is currently no model concept for the dependence of the strength and frequency of the bead-induced stress on the process parameters shake flask simulations were performed for combinations of bead size Contact analysis showed that the highest shear stresses were caused by bead-bottom contacts a newly generated characteristic parameter which relates the bead wall shear and normal stresses to the total shear area Comparison of the SAR with previous cultivation results revealed an optimum pattern for product concentration and mean product-to-biomass related yield coefficient this model is a suitable tool for future optimization comparison and scaling up of shear-sensitive microorganism cultivation the simulation results were validated using high-speed recordings of the bead motion on the bottom of the shake flask which produces the antibiotics undecylprodigiocin and actinorhodin Varying parameters such as reactor geometry and size size) affect the magnitude and frequency of the bead-induced shear stress it is challenging to compare the observed effects of beads without any characteristic quantity like the EDCF for STBs there is no deep systematic understanding of the dependencies of stress magnitude and frequency on these parameters in this application area CFD-DEM simulations were performed in order to determine the dependence of bead-induced mechanical stress for previously experimentally investigated parameter combinations The numerically results were then combined with cultivation data of filamentous L aerocolonigenes to gain general insights into the relationship between the production of the antibiotic rebeccamycin and mechanical stress the movement of the beads at the bottom of the ShF was recorded using a high-speed camera The bead velocities were determined from the high-speed camera images using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and compared with the simulations The performed multiphase simulations of a 250 mL baffled ShF filled with glass or ceramic beads (Sigmund Lindner GmbH, Warmensteinach, Germany) and 50 mL cultivation medium are based on the CFD-DEM simulation setup established by Schrader et al. (2019) changes and enhancements in the setup or post-processing are provided in the following sections For more information on the models and equations used the reader is referred to the previous work The coefficients of friction for particle-particle and particle-wall contacts were assumed to be identical because the wall and beads are made of glass Ceramic and glass contacts were also assumed to have the same friction coefficient as ceramic-ceramic contacts In addition to the fluid properties for the cultivation medium Overview about all parameter combinations used in the simulations The stress energy (SE) according to the analytical model for stirred media mills (Kwade, 2003) is defined as were read out at 0.01 s intervals for a period of five shaker rotations and saved in a list This list was then used to calculate a cumulative distribution of bead velocity based on the evaluated DEM data for five shaker rotations The mean volumetric power consumption Pv in the cultivation medium, which also depends on the shaking frequency, was calculated from the turbulent energy dissipation rate ϵ and the medium density ρm according to the following equation (Li et al., 2013): Data were analyzed every 0.01 s to calculate the time averaged power consumption for the last five shaker rotations Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was applied for the validation of the three-phase simulations of the ShF. In contrast to particle imaging velocimetry (PIV), a Lagrangian frame of reference is used to determine the velocity of a bead from its displacement during the elapsed time between two recorded images (Dracos, 1996) an experimental setup and subsequent image processing were established in this work in order to determine bead velocities To track the complex motion of the liquid and the beads from below the ShF, an experimental setup was constructed (Supplementary Figure S1) An aluminum plate with four vertical threaded rods was screwed onto the base plate of the orbital shaker already filled with 50 mL of water and beads was clamped between two transparent polymer plates at a height of about 40 cm To increase the stability of the experimental setup two 3D-printed brackets and guy ropes (for 160 min−1 only) were installed Switzerland) mounted vertically below the center of the ShF recorded images (896 × 920 pixels) at a frame rate of 200 s−1 Optimal illumination of the ShF was crucial to minimize disturbing image artifacts caused by light refraction and reflection on the water surface a square 30 cm LED panel was placed statically above the orbital shaker a circular LED strip was installed at the level of the bottom of the ShF and 1.932 mm) and ceramic (0.918 mm) beads (Sigmund Lindner GmbH Germany) were used in the experiments at shaking frequencies of 100 the minimum bead size was limited to approximately 1 mm as smaller beads could not be reliably detected in the image analysis The transparent glass beads were difficult to identify in the images during pre-processing a mixture of 26% black coated marker beads and 74% transparent beads of the same size was chosen it was not possible to use beads of a different color so the amount of beads was reduced from 40 mL L−1 (glass) to 2.63 mL L−1 to avoid overlapping beads in the images The number of images used to calculate the velocity distribution was the equivalent number of images taken during five rotations of the shaker it represents the velocity spectrum within the time period under consideration the Gaussian mask option was selected for particle detection and the cross-correlation method for particle tracking PTVlab provides an interpolated velocity field whose expansion is determined by the spatial distribution of the beads bead velocities that do not exist were assumed in zones without beads the PTVlab source code was extended to output the discrete velocity distribution without spatial interpolation The total SE represents the sum of the SEs for six different contact types, that rely on impact, shear, rolling, and torsion. Figure 1A shows the sum distribution of the total SE as well as the fractions of each contact type (A) Cumulative distribution of total stress energy (SE) for 0.969 mm glass beads at 120 min−1 with 40 mL L−1 and fractions of six contact types; (B) Cumulative distribution of total and translational shear SE (bead-bead and bead-wall contacts) the boundaries of the CFD and DEM simulation domains are closer together in the new mesh resulting in a more accurate calculation of the coupling forces near the wall is achieved the new lubrication force model includes additional calculations of tangential forces which in together influence particle motion suggested that pellet compression may alter the internal pellet structure due to plastic deformation or cell adhesion effects Another potential mechanism could be an increase in mass transport due to the squeezing of culture medium out of the pellet Shaking frequency is the driving force for the beads movement. The bead-wall shear velocity for all bead diameters increases steadily with increasing shaking frequency (Figure 2) It is noticeable that the shear velocity initially increases gradually more strongly up to a shaking frequency of 140 min−1 and then the slope decreases larger beads reach a higher velocities than smaller ones this is not true for the two largest bead diameters the shear velocities were slightly below the values for a bead size of 1.513 mm Dependency of the bead-wall shear velocity from the shaking frequency for different glass bead diameters with a constant bead concentration (40 mL L−1) the centrifugal effect gradually decreases because most of the beads are centrifuged to the outer zone of the ShF it follows that the bead velocity increases linearly with the shaking frequency friction forces) increase with increasing diameter additional forces dampen the increase in shear velocity with the bead diameter (A) Correlation of bead-wall shear velocity with the bead size at a constant volume concentration (40 mL L−1 529–24,257 beads) for different shaking frequencies a constant bead number of 4,200 was used; (B) Spatially averaged bead velocity (vb) in x- and y-direction from DEM simulations if the spatially averaged bead velocity is constant the rotational velocity of the beads must be increasing The rotational acceleration of a sphere is inversely proportional to its rotational inertia and rolling friction according to the equation of rotational motion Due to the proportionality of the rotational inertia to the mass and size of a bead larger beads change their rotational speed more slowly than smaller or lighter beads because of the applied moments tangential forces on a bead cause moments that accelerate or decelerate the rotation depending on the direction of the tangential force The tangential forces depend on the normal bead forces and the coefficient of friction between the beads beads in layers hamper each other’s rotation the intensity of translational shear is determined by the rolling behavior of a bead The complex interplay of influencing factors illustrates that a direct prediction of shear stress by beads is extremely complex or even impossible without simulations When comparing the absolute velocities (Figure 3B) it is noticeable that the bead velocities are higher than the shear velocities it should be noted that rolling of the beads may be hindered by the biomass in the cultivation so that in reality deviating shear velocities can occur Influence of the glass or ceramic bead volume concentration on the bead-wall shear velocity at varying bead diameter and constant shaking frequency of 120 min−1 In addition to shaking frequency and bead size, the bead volume concentration was varied at a constant shaking frequency of 120 min−1 (Figure 4) For a constant glass bead size of 0.969 mm the bead-wall shear velocity first increases slightly from 0.12 to almost 0.13 m s−1 and then decreases with increasing bead volume concentration an increase in the number of ceramic beads led to a significantly higher increase in shear velocity at a bead volume concentration of around 40 mL L−1 approximately 43% higher shear velocities were achieved between the beads and the wall of the ShF the velocity of the ceramic beads decreased only slightly with increasing concentration The simulations illustrate (Supplementary Figures S4, S5 and Supplementary Videos S4, S5) that ceramic and glass beads formed layers of beads with increasing bead concentration the glass beads spread over a larger area of the ShF bottom than the ceramic beads The higher velocities and greater proportion of bead layers for the ceramic beads can be explained by their 52% higher density which results in increased centrifugal forces the coefficients of friction and rolling friction for ceramics are lower than for glass beads which in turn can lead to a variation in the rolling and shearing velocity proportions The influence of the shaking frequency decreases for larger beads in combination with a lower number of beads (A) Bead-wall stress frequency (SF) for different numbers of glass beads and shaking frequencies; (B) Correlation of the bead-wall SF with shaking frequency for different glass bead diameters All simulations were done at a constant bead volume concentration In the previous simulations (Figure 5), both the number of beads and the diameter of the beads were varied simultaneously. Instead, in Figure 6 either the number of beads or the size of the beads was varied at a constant shaking frequency The product of the number of beads Nb and the bead cross-projection area Ab is the total bead projection area and was considered as a measure of space required by a given number of beads Dependency of the bead-wall stress frequency (SF) on the total projected bead area (which corresponds to the bead volume concentration) for 0.918 mm ceramic beads and glass beads of different diameters at a constant shaking frequency of 120 min-1 This is consistent with the observation that SF increases more rapidly with ceramic beads the optimum in cultivation occurs at a slightly lower SF From a biochemical engineering point of view, the mean volumetric power consumption (PV) plays an important role in cultivations, as it correlates in some way with mixing time, oxygen transfer and hydrodynamic stress. For a holistic evaluation of cultivation conditions from Schrinner et al. (2021), PV was determined from the turbulent energy dissipation rate (Eq. 3) for an extended shaking frequency up to 200 min-1 PV increases sharply from about 75 W m−3 at 100 min−1 to about 900 W m−3 at 200 min−1 PV decreases by 12%–16% with increasing bead diameter Larger beads are expected to reduce the motion of the fluid so that less energy is dissipated by turbulence Simulations without beads resulted in power inputs in a similar range to those with beads the addition of beads appears to have little effect on the turbulent energy dissipation in the fluid only the energy dissipation in the fluid was considered here so the energy dissipation due to particle-particle and particle-wall interactions is missing FIGURE 7. (A) Influence of shaking frequency on mean volumetric power consumption for different bead diameters (constant bead volume concentration of 40 mL L-1); (B) Comparison with experimental data from Peter et al. (2006b) the dependence on the shaking frequency of 3.4 is close to the value of this study Apart from the slightly larger flask volume (300 vs 250 mL) and the sligthly smaller liquid volume (48 vs the main reason for the absolute higher PV is most likely the depth of the baffles (14 vs approx 7 mm) and the number of baffles (3 vs the energy dissipation rate from the turbulence model was used to calculate PV in this study Due to the limitations of the minimum CFD cell size in unresolved CFD-DEM simulations additional deviations may occur because the cell sizes may not be small enough to correctly describe the turbulence Next to the almost transparent glass beads are the black marker glass beads used to obtain the bead velocities using PTV At the lowest shaking frequency of 100 min−1 the beads are distributed over a large area of the ShF bottom but centrifugal forces pushed the beads further out as the speed increased At a shaking frequency of 160 min−1 the beads were in a tightly packed bed in the curved part of the ShF bottom This results in greater interaction between the baffles and the beads the formation of multiple layers of beads made it difficult to detect of individual marker beads Light reflections from the surface created dark artifacts that made image analysis even more complex By using multiple light sources and a cardboard cylinder with aluminum foil surrounding the ShF the light artifacts were reduced to a minimum bead volume concentration of 40 mL L-1) experimentally recorded at the bottom of the ShF at different shaker speeds The black points are marker beads used in the PTV analysis; CFD-DEM simulations of the multiphase flow inside the ShF (B): bottom view The bottom and side views of the simulations show the glass beads and the fluid in the interface the beads in the simulation are pushed further towards the outer diameter of the ShF as the shaking frequency increases This significantly increases the velocity of both the beads and the liquid (note that the colors change with shaking frequency) the side view shows that the liquid is increasingly forced against the side walls While at 100 min−1 there is almost exclusively a monolayer of beads on the bottom layers of beads are formed as already seen in the experiments some beads are deflected at the baffles and moved upwards so that the beads are mixed more intensively the simulations show a good qualitative agreement with the experiments the beads are more densely packed in the experiments than in the simulations the CFD-DEM simulations are able to describe the motion behavior of the beads in the ShF with sufficient accuracy In addition the qualitative comparison in section 3.5.1, the velocities determined by PTV are compared with the results of simulations. Therefore, Figures 9A–C shows the cumulative bead velocities determined experimentally and numerically for three bead diameters and shaking frequencies. In general, analogous to the discussion in section 3.2.2 the bead velocity is higher than the shear velocity This is because the overall bead velocity includes the translational rolling velocity in addition to the translational shear velocity the experimental distributions for different bead diameters are similar indicating that bead size has little influence on bead velocity the distributions differ depending on bead size the maximum velocities achieved are almost identical A higher bead mass with larger bead diameters results in stronger centrifugal forces so that more beads are transported to the edge of the ShF which means that the number of beads decreases with bead diameter to the power of three as the bead size increases the area required per bead increases as the projection area increases with bead diameter to the power of two the required area of all beads is the product of the number of beads and the projection area the area requirement increases inversely with decreasing bead diameter for a constant total bead mass concentration results in more beads moving at lower velocity in the central region of the ShF for smaller bead sizes and finally in a broader velocity distribution which partially reduces the effect discussed before (A-C) Glass and (D) ceramic bead velocity distributions obtained from simulations and validation experiments for different shaking frequencies and bead diameters so this could be another reason for the observed differences white ceramic beads were also investigated The experimental and simulated mean and maximum velocities are close the experimental distribution shows slightly lower velocities in the lower velocity range it is shown that the presented experimental method is suitable to determine the velocities of the beads in the ShF the comparison between experiment and simulation shows a high degree of agreement the chosen simulation approach is a suitable tool for the analysis and prediction of the stresses caused by the beads It is expected that the general motion behavior of the beads is not significantly affected by collisions with pellets due to the higher inertia of the beads biomass entrapment between the beads may alter (rolling) friction The size of the bio-agglomerates changes during the cultivation time, so only the shear velocity is considered for Ss. For an agglomerate size of 400 μm, the maximum shear rate ranges from 100 to 1,000 s−1 depending on the shaking frequency. Thus, the shear rate is in the range of the average shear stress that occurs in the STB (Campesi et al., 2009) even significantly higher shear rates can occur the normal stresses acting during shear also contribute to the damage of filamentous structures Higher normal stresses are expected to compress the structures more allowing shear forces to be more easily transmitted the gravitational force of a bead Fg is used as a measure of the normal stresses In the EDCF, the stirrer swept volume serves as a measure of the size of the zone of sufficiently high stress. However, when beads are used, the number of beads Nc in contact with the bottom (Eq. 10) correlates with the total shear stress area As The number of bead-wall contacts present in the shake flask at any given time was not directly available from the simulation data so the SF for bead-wall contacts was assumed to be proportional to Nc It was also assumed that the projection area of a bead Ab is proportional to the active shear area As per bead Macroparticles could therefore potentially enhance the release of lysis substances due to mechanical forces and thereby increasing antibiotic formation further research is needed to explain more precisely the relationship between bead addition and increased product formation In previous studies (Walisko et al., 2017; Schrader et al., 2019; Schrinner et al., 2021) cultivations of the filamentous actinomycete L aerocolonigenes were performed in ShFs with different process parameters number and density of the beads were varied to investigate the influence on product formation The addition of beads was found to have a decisive influence on the concentration of the antibiotic product rebeccamycin The objective in this section was to correlate the rebeccamycin concentration and the average yield coefficient of different 10-day L aerocolonigenes cultivations with previously presented simulation results to better understand the influence of bead stress Transferring the simulation and modeling approach presented in this work to microtiter plates with beads may allow for a better understanding and modeling of bead-induced stress in the future FIGURE 10. Dependency of (A) the rebeccamycin concentration and (B) the averaged yield coefficient [cultivation data from Schrader et al. (2019) and Schrinner et al. (2021)] on the SAR parameter derived from simulation data only glass beads of different sizes and bead concentrations were used an optimum curve was found for the product concentration as a function of the newly defined model parameter Only two data points for the ceramic ball series (light green) do not fall within the optimum curve These points correspond to the two highest ceramic bead concentrations (19.7 and 26.3 mL L−1) It is also noticeable that the product concentrations are shifted on the y-axis with increasing shaking frequencies This indicates that other effects related to shaking frequency may be affecting product formation It is therefore necessary to vary the stresses over a wide range in order to find the optimum cultivation conditions the SAR can be used to compare different cultivation conditions Careful pre-selection of cultivation parameters can avoid combinations with similar SARs thus reducing the number of cultivations required to screen for the influence of mechanical stress Filamentous bacteria and fungi are particularly relevant for biotechnological production processes due to their broad product spectrum In order to achieve high product formation an optimal cellular morphology must be set during cultivation depending on the strain and the product formation kinetics the cellular morphology can range from dispersed mycelium to clumps to compact pellet structures it is crucial to determine the optimal cultivation conditions as early as possible in the development of a biotechnological process ShFs are widely used for cultivation due to their ability to parallelize The turbulent stresses in ShFs are significantly lower than in STBs so several studies have added macroparticles to the medium to increase the stress resulting in either a positive or negative effect on the cultivation process While the EDFC concept for describing mechanical stresses exists for the STB scale a model approach for the use of macroparticles in ShFs is lacking an existing setup for CFD-DEM simulations of a ShF was used in this study The analysis of the bead contact types showed that the translational shear between the beads and the bottom of the ShF is the largest bead density and shaking frequency were systematically varied to investigate the dependence of bead-wall shear velocity and bead-wall SF on these parameters Increasing the volume concentration of the beads resulted in an increase in the maximum shear velocity between the wall and the beads up to a certain filling level the shear velocity stagnated or decreased as the bottom of the ShF became highly covered by the beads A higher number of beads resulted in the formation of bead layers due to the limited space at the bottom of the flask creating new shear zones between the layers Increasing the shaking frequency increased the shear at the bottom and promoted the formation of bead layers at the edge of the flask The bead size affected the shear velocity differently depending on the shaking frequency the SF between the beads and the shaking flask bottom depended on the shaking frequency In order to compare the bead induced stresses with the results of filamentous and shear sensitive Lentzea aerocolonigens cultivations a new characteristic parameter was defined takes into account the ratio of bead-wall shear and normal stresses to the total shear area Comparison of the SAR with cultivation results showed an optimum pattern for both product concentration and mean product-to-biomass related yield coefficient the model is able to compare different macroparticle-enhanced cultivation conditions the beads on the bottom of the ShF were recorded using a high-speed camera The images were used to determine the velocities of the beads using particle tracking velocimetry The comparison with the simulations showed a high agreement between simulation and experiment the chosen simulation approach is a powerful method for quantifying bead-induced stresses in ShFs the applicability of the model to other shear sensitive (filamentous) strains should be verified more investigations at high shaking frequencies are necessary to explain the strongly increased product concentrations this study will help to more systematically find the optimal cultivation conditions for shear sensitive microorganisms at the ShF scale For a successful model-based scale-up to a STB further research is needed to establish a relationship between the bead and fluid induced stresses the simulations provide data for a future simulation-based investigation of the consequences of mechanical shear and normal stress at the level of bio-pellet The raw data supporting the conclusion of this article will be made available by the authors The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the priority programmes “DiSPBiotech–Dispersity structural and phase modifications of proteins and biological agglomerates in biotechnological” processes (SPP 1934 project number 315457657) and “Opus Fluidum Futurum–Rheology of reactive multiphase construction materials” (SPP 2005 The authors acknowledge support from the Open Access Publication Funds of Technische Universität Braunschweig Special thanks to Henri Müller from the chair of Process Systems Engineering (Technical University of Munich) for his support in pre-processing the experimental high-speed images of the shake flask with ceramic beads The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: 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Received: 06 July 2023; Accepted: 08 August 2023;Published: 04 September 2023 Copyright © 2023 Schrader, Schrinner, Polomsky, Ivanov, Kampen, Schilde, Krull and Kwade. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Marcel Schrader, bWFyY2VsLnNjaHJhZGVyQHR1LWJyYXVuc2Nod2VpZy5kZQ== †These authors share first authorship Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish "Is this really necessary?" a commentator joked during coverage of the Soudal Open in Schilde but that hardly stopped golfer Louis de Jager from nearly taking off all his clothes doffed his shirt and unbuckled his pants to play through the 13th hole after his ball landed on the muddy shore of a pond at the DP World Tour’s Soudal Open in Schilde De Jager’s strategy — seemingly more about saving his outfit than retaining his dignity — was not lost on the commentators Is this really necessary?” a broadcaster asked his partner “He obviously doesn’t want to get mud on his shirt Related: Pro Golfers at the Phoenix Open Express Their Annoyance with Rowdy Fans: 'I'm Just Sick of It' In footage from the tournament de Jager then hit the ball out of the near-hazard who then looked down quizzically at his pristine golfing glove ended up on the fairway a good distance away But that didn’t stop the commentators from lending their expertise I think personally if you’re gonna go as far as that Never miss a story — sign up for PEOPLE's free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer​​ from celebrity news to compelling human interest stories.  Related: Golfer Adam Schenk Hits Hole-in-One — Into Spectator’s Cup! ‘I Owe You a Drink’ De Jager’s shirtless exploits did little to derail his round even though he did land in the drink on the next hole The athlete saved par and then went on to birdie the next three The golfer finished the round at -2 (69) — and is -6 for the tournament — which moved him into a tie for 23rd place The PEOPLE Puzzler crossword is here! How quickly can you solve it? Play now For more People news, make sure to sign up for our newsletter! Read the original article on People The plant will be the first in Europe to use GE’s new ZeeLung MABR technology GE’s Water & Process Technologies offers a hybrid system in which 50% of the wastewater is treated by ZeeWeed 500D MBR and the remaining flow of 8 million litres per day is treated by a conventional activated sludge system The Schilde plant was originally designed for the treatment of 28 000 population equivalents (both hydraulic and biologic capacity) but the actual load has gradually increased to 35 000 biological treatment capacity was increased by extending membrane capacity of the MBR and installing post-denitrification sand filters on the effluent of the conventional activated sludge system the plant will meet new total nitrogen removal regulations within its existing footprint engineered systems – GE’s Water & Process Technologies Free access to this content is for qualifying individuals only Corporate and institutional access requires an appropriate license or subscription For more information contact institutions@markallengroup.com The Belgian selection trials for the 2013 World Young Horse Championships keep rolling on at a thunderous pace Week after week selection shows are being held and the most recent one took place in Schilde on Saturday 11 May 2013 THe 5-year old Sopresso and the 6-year old Bailamos Biolley were the winners in their age divisions The 5-year old preliminary test was won by Leopold Engelen aboard the Dutch owned Oldenburg bred Sopresso (by Serano Gold x Depardieu x Feiner Stern) He scored a winning 82.80 mark but had Tom Franckx on the Dutch owned KWPN mare Dolcherie (by Painted Black x Krack C) on his heels with 81.60 points Sopresso's owned Rob van Puijenbroek finished third himself aboard Seymour an Oldenburg gelding by San Amour x Friedensfurst Katrien Verreet and Brigitte de Biolley's Oldenburg licensed stallion Bailamos (by Sir Donnerhall I x Florestan) won the 6-year old division with 79.60 Nick van Laer finished second and third to complete the top three With Sir Donovan (by Sir Donnerhall I x Weltmeyer) he was second posting a score of 78.60 and with the Belgian warmblood stallion Hydane van de Kerkhoeve (by Dayano x Wendekreis x Saygon) he earned 76,800 points Photo © Sarah Janssens Results - 2013 Belgian WCYH Selection Trial - Schilde Stalls for Rent at Durondeau Dressage in Peer, Belgium Exceptionally Well Located Equestrian Facility in Wellington, Florida Well-built Equestrian Estate With Multiple Business Opportunities in Sweden Stable Units for Rent at Lotje Schoots' Equestrian Center in Houten (NED) For Rent: Several Apartments and Stable Wing at High-End Equestrian Facility Stable Wing Available at Reiterhof Wensing on Dutch/German border Real Estate: Well-Appointed Country House with Extensive Equestrian Facility in the U.K. Rémi Blot Q: This is a photo of a child's plate that is decorated with a scene from the story of "The House That Jack Built." Since it was one of my favorite nursery rhymes when I was a child I collect child's dishes decorated with scenes of the story Marked on the back of the plate are the words "Triple Crown China — Germany" and three crowns Does my plate have any value other than bringing back fond memories of my childhood A: Children's dishes decorated with nursery rhyme scenes and characters are perennial favorites with collectors They were made in the late 1800s and early 1900s in both the United States and Europe the decorations were transfer prints rather than hand-painted The mark you described was used by Unger and Schilde in Roschuetz It would probably fetch $35 to $50 in an antiques shop Q: I have enclosed a photo of the mark seen on the back of an oval dish that I have I picked the dish up at a rummage sale and know nothing about it The mark is a little blurry so just to be clear I will have to tell you what is included below the crown It says "Patent IronstoneChina — Bow Bells — England." A multitude of blue flowers cover the white background The measurements are approximately nine inches by six inches and it is in mint condition A: Mason's Patent Ironstone China made your dish "Bow Bells" is the name of the pattern and it was also produced in brown but uses a different mark that identifies the period of manufacture Your circa 1920 dish would probably be worth $50 to $75 Items of a general interest will be answered in this column To find out more about Anne McCollam and read features by other Creators Syndicate writers and cartoonists visit the Creators Syndicate website at www.creators.com the global wealth management division of French Crédit Agricole Group has appointed new members to its Middle East Team Nancy Sebaali and Rolf Schilde (pictured below) will join as Middle East Team Leaders in Dubai and Geneva Both will also be part of the Middle East Management Committee and will report to the Global Head of the Middle East region As Team Leader for the Middle East based in Dubai Sebaali will have a mandate to further grow our business for the GCC and Lebanon markets Nancy was with Société Générale Group for 11 years in various senior positions including Global Coordinator for the Middle East private banking division in Management from the Ecole de Management de Lyon in France and a B.A in Economics from Saint Joseph University in Lebanon Schilde will join as Team Leader for the Arabian Gulf Team in Geneva and will principally focus on strengthening our business across these markets Rolf spent 31 years at UBS in various senior Middle East banking roles including Head of Wealth Management at the DIFC Bahrain and Lebanon’s representative offices Rolf holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from KLZ in Zurich «As part of its growth strategy ‹Shaping Indosuez 2020› Indosuez is increasing its presence and activities in key attractive markets such as the Middle East Subscribe to the finews.asia WhatsApp channel and receive regular updates with our news and background stories directly to your mobile phone + More on this topic + More on this topic The Judicial Authorities in Antwerp have opened a murder investigation after the disappearance of a 23-year-old woman from Schilde (Antwerp province) As we reported earlier Julie Van Espen went missing on Saturday evening when she was on her way to meet friends in the centre of Antwerp On Sunday afternoon the Judicial Authorities confirmed that there are indications that the young women met a violent end An Examining Magistrate has been appointed to take charge of a murder investigation On Sunday morning the Van Espen family launched an appeal on Facebook to try and find Julie She had left her home in Schilde to cycle the around 15 km to Antwerp on her dark-coloured Peugeot women’s bicycle Police started a search for Julie Van Espen along the banks of the Albert Canal on Saturday night On Sunday afternoon the Judicial Authorities announced that a murder investigation had been opened "Certain things have been found along the route taken by the woman that require further investigation” the Judicial Authorities’ Lieselotte Claessens told journalists "I can confirm that there are indications that point towards a violent death” Police last night arrested a 32-year-old man who had been holding his former wife hostage for 5 hours Special units were called in and the street was closed for a whole time A man took his ex-wife hostage for several hours in the centre of Schilde (Antwerp Province) last night Police and special units attended the scene The neighbourhood was cordoned off for more than five hours,’ the Antwerp public prosecutor's office says No one was injured and no children were present at the premises The man that had admitted to killing a 23-year-old student in Antwerp last Saturday is to remain in custody Julie Van Espen was on her way to meet friend when Steve Bakelmans (39) killed her A custody hearing in Antwerp on Friday morning has decided that he should remain in custody Early on Saturday evening 23-year-old Julie Van Espen left her home in Schilde (Antwerp province) to cycle the 15 or kilometres to Antwerp city centre where she had arranged to meet some of her friends Julie never arrive and a search was launched to try and find her Steve Bakelmans who was seen on CCTV close to where Julie Van Espen’s mobile phone was traced for the final time soon become a prime suspect He was detained on Monday morning in Leuven (Flemish Brabant) later that day Julie Van Espen’s body was found in the Albert Canal in the Antwerp District of Merksem Steve Bakelmans has since admitted to killing the 23-year-old student as he tried to sexually abuse her As the 2024 PGA Championship comes to an end the DP World Tour moves to Belgium for the Soudal Open The tournament will be played at Rinkven International Golf Club in Schilde With the Soudal Open, the European swing will begin after the Asian swing the purse has jumped from $2 million (in 2023) to 2.5 million The 2024 Soudal Open has been known as the Belgian Open for the most part The tournament has been played sporadically from 1910 to 2000 It wasn't played from 2001 to 2017 and returned in 2018 as Belgian Knockout The 2024 Soudal Open is a 72-hole format tournament with a cut after 36 holes It will start with the first round on Thursday and run through the weekend to conclude with the final round on Sunday Here is the schedule for the 2024 Soudal Open: Rinkven International Golf Club in Schilde The tournament will be hosted for the third consecutive time at the course after a break in 2020-2021 due to Covid-19 Belgian golfer and coach Paul Rolin designed the course in the 1980s The cut at the venue is expected to remain low after -17 and -13 in the last two winning scores The runner-up will get $247,500 and the third position will win $141 Here's a list of prize money till the 50th position at 2024 Soudal Ope Simon Forsström won the 2023 Soudal Open by one stroke over Jans Dantorp. He would look to register his second victory on the DP World Tour The 156 players in the field for the 2024 Soudal Open are as follows: Your perspective matters!Start the conversation