Las tensiones en materia de política comercial están escalando rápidamente
algunas grandes economías han anunciado o aplicado nuevos aranceles de gran alcance y han reactivado un instrumento de política que muchos pensaban que había quedado relegado en gran medida al pasado
Estos acontecimientos han desencadenado una avalancha de comentarios políticos
un corpus de investigaciones económicas ayudan a esclarecer la función que tienen realmente los aranceles
tariffs are simple: they raise the domestic price of imported goods
But their effects ripple through the economy in complex ways – altering prices
As governments revisit this powerful lever
understanding the economic mechanisms at play has never been more important
It drives a wedge between the world price and the domestic price
if a 10 per cent tariff is imposed on a product with a world price of US$ 100
The difference – US$ 10 – is collected as tariff revenue
which the government can use to finance its expenditures
Tariffs can also affect the world price of a product
particularly when they are imposed by a large economy
The logic is that higher domestic prices reduce domestic demand
the world price might fall to $95 after the tariff is imposed
part of the tariff is effectively paid by foreign producers
This cost-shifting creates incentives for large economies to unilaterally impose tariffs
this so-called optimal tariff argument overlooks the possibility of retaliation
country B has an incentive to respond in kind
The end result is a trade war that leaves both sides worse off
The extent to which tariffs pass through to consumer prices is ultimately an empirical question. Evidence from the initial wave of US tariffs on China suggests full pass-through to US consumers (Amiti et al. 2019; Fajgelbaum et al. 2019)
these studies focus on short-term effects and use methodologies that cannot fully account for broader macroeconomic adjustments
Standard quantitative trade models typically predict at least some cost-shifting to foreign producers
A broader question is how tariffs affect inflation
it causes a one-off increase in the domestic price level
but this does not necessarily translate into sustained inflation
One channel through which a tariff could lead to persistent inflation is a wage–price spiral
which is similar to what can happen with other supply shocks
Tariffs do not just affect imports – they also affect exports
One direct channel is through higher prices for intermediate goods
which undermine the competitiveness of exporting firms; but broader general equilibrium effects are also important
Tariffs allow import-competing sectors to expand
capital and land – away from other sectors
This process operates through changes in the real exchange rate
which measures domestic prices relative to foreign prices
Higher wages raise production costs for exporting firms
making them less competitive in international markets
The result is an appreciation of the real exchange rate
which makes exports relatively more expensive abroad
A related question is what happens to the nominal exchange rate
One channel is direct: tariffs reduce import demand
leading to an appreciation of the domestic currency
Another channel is indirect: tariffs may lead markets to anticipate tighter monetary policy to counter inflation
which can also cause the domestic currency to appreciate
what ultimately matters is the change in the real exchange rate; whether this occurs through adjustments in wages
or the nominal exchange rate is of secondary importance
a trade-off between the inflationary and competitiveness effects of tariffs
A topical question is whether tariffs affect trade imbalances
The answer depends on whether one considers aggregate
Aggregate trade imbalances reflect the gap between national saving and national investment – a basic accounting identity
The logic is analogous to household finance: if a household (country) saves
it must earn (export) more than it spends (imports)
tariffs would need to increase national saving or reduce investment
households might delay consumption if they expect tariffs to be temporary
tariffs could reduce investment by increasing the cost of capital goods
However, most economists expect tariffs to have only limited effects on aggregate imbalances. Macroeconomic fundamentals – such as fiscal policy or the household savings rate – play a more dominant role. This view is supported by empirical studies that have found little impact of tariffs on aggregate trade balances so far (Furceri et al. 2022)
affect bilateral trade balances by altering relative prices
It is entirely possible for country A to run a deficit with country B
and C with A – without any of them having an aggregate trade imbalance
Tariffs can also affect sectoral trade balances
higher tariffs on goods imports tend to improve the goods trade balance by discouraging imports through higher domestic prices
while worsening the services trade balance by reducing services exports through an appreciation of the real exchange rate
As tariffs return to the trade policy agenda
it is worth recalling what economics has long understood: tariffs are not just a tool for raising revenue or protecting domestic industries – they are a policy lever with wide-ranging
Their appeal in the short term can obscure longer-term costs to inflation
competitiveness and international cooperation
a clear-eyed view of those trade-offs is more important than ever
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chances are you’ll see a meteor streaking through the sky
At certain times of year, Earth passes through particularly dirty parts of its orbit, ploughing through debris left behind by comets and asteroids. During those times, we see that debris crashing into our atmosphere, and a meteor shower is born
Some meteor showers are better than others
these showers are annual events – recurring whenever Earth returns to the same place in its orbit
with Earth going through several swathes of our Solar System’s debris at once
Two of those showers reach their peak around July 31
While neither ranks among the very best showers of the year
taken together the two can put on a lovely show in the depths of our cold winter nights
The Southern Delta Aquariids are dust from comet 96P/Machholz – a dirty snowball that moves on a highly elongated and tilted orbit within the inner Solar System. 96P/Machholz is the largest object in a broad stream of debris which produces several meteor showers throughout the year
The Southern Delta Aquariids are active for around six weeks
the shower is at its best for around 48 hours
observers under perfect conditions can see up to 20 to 25 meteors per hour
While many meteors from this shower are relatively faint (and so become harder to see if the Moon is above the horizon
or if you’re observing from a light-polluted site)
the shower is known for producing some brighter meteors
the Southern Delta Aquariids have produced at least two unexpected outbursts in the past
with enhanced rates observed in 1977 and 2003 – a reminder that meteor showers can sometimes throw up nice surprises
The Alpha Capricornids is a significantly weaker shower than the Southern Delta Aquariids – it produces fewer meteors per hour
it is rare for observers to see more than four or five meteors from the shower in any given hour
But where the Southern Delta Aquariids are plentiful, fast and often faint, the Alpha Capricornids are slow, and often bright. Indeed, the shower has a reputation for producing spectacular bright meteors and fireballs
are often the highlight of a winter night’s observing
In 2010, two of the world’s leading meteor scientists identified the parent of the Alpha Capricornid meteor shower – a dim comet called 169P/NEAT
They suggest it’s just a small piece of a larger object which fragmented between 4,500 and 5,000 years ago
Earth only passes through the very outer layers of a vast debris stream laid down by that ancient fragmentation
The scientists who identified it predict that in just 200–300 years we will instead move through the very centre of the stream
the Alpha Capricornids will one day become by far the best meteor shower of the year
the peak of both meteor showers falls mid-week
both showers have relatively broad peaks and will produce respectable numbers of meteors for a few days
If you’re planning a camping trip on the weekend of July 27–28 or August 3–4
particularly in the early morning hours after midnight
But for the best rates you should head out on the nights of Tuesday July 30 and Wednesday July 31
when the radiants for both showers – the place in the sky from which meteors appear to radiate – rise in the east
but the higher in the sky the radiants rise
The bright stars Altair and Fomalhaut are useful guides
the planet Saturn can be found in the same part of the sky
climbing higher until they culminate in the north after midnight
The best rates will be visible when the radiants are highest: between around 11pm and 3am
Head out somewhere well away from city lights
Our eyes take a significant amount of time to adjust to the darkness
so it’s best to watch for at least half an hour
if not longer – particularly since meteors are not equally spaced out
If you’re fortunate enough to find a site where the sky is dark in all directions
you should look to the northeast in the evening
this year is the ideal time to head out and watch an annual winter spectacle
you might just get lucky and see a spectacular fireball caused by the debris shed by a dying comet 5,000 years ago
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Huntsman Corporation officially opened a new innovation center in Tienen, Belgium on June 13, 2024, strengthening its research and development (R&D) capabilities and reinforcing its commitment to its customers in the region
The new 11,000-square-meter facility comprises a world-scale analytical laboratory; two machine halls; and fully equipped and automated product testing facilities
these assets boost Huntsman's ability to perform the entire product innovation journey from the formulation of initial ideas at lab scale through to the manufacture of novel systems and samples ready for customers to trial
The innovation center is home to more than 100 scientists from the company's Polyurethanes and Performance Products businesses and will support the application of Huntsman technologies in key markets
coatings and sealants; automotive; elastomers; energy; furniture and bedding
which was attended by more than 100 customers
included presentations from Huntsman's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Peter Huntsman
President of Huntsman's Polyurethanes business
It also included a tour of the facility and live R&D demonstrations
"Today marks a significant milestone as we officially open the doors to our new European innovation center
collaboration and progress," Huntsman said
"We already have a rich legacy of innovation in Belgium
This center reflects our continuing commitment to exploring new ideas and turning imaginative concepts into practical solutions that can make a positive impact in the world."
"Fitted with the very latest equipment and staffed by some of the best scientists in the world
our Tienen site is a place where innovation can thrive
and where we can find new meaningful ways for our chemistries to address the sustainability challenges of tomorrow."
Unveiling Signified Focus and Commitment in Europe and Beyond
DePoly to launch 500-tonne-per-year showcase plant
Novel spectral filters will enable future sensors to work more accurately and reliably
“Start-ups provide crucial impulses for the future of our industry”
Start-up portrait: Lactips - Natural revolution against microplastics in the industry
Focus on climate-neutral production: 39% CO₂ reduction already achieved in Scope 1 and Scope 2
New report presents policy proposals for a Renewable Carbon Future
Over 60 million euros for the recycling of battery black mass
Reducing the environmental impact of the chemical and coffee industry: OHAUS as partner
Green transformation remains one of the top management priorities alongside digitalization and AI
Forestal will utilize BASF's proprietary OASE® technology for efficient CO2 removal in the production of e-methanol
Four Universities and Futury Launch the Future Factory
Interview with ICODOS on e-methanol production for climate-neutral industries
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Very interesting class of materials for electrocatalysts discovered
Scientists succeed in fully synthesizing one of the strongest natural cytotoxic substances: a great step forward for cancer research
New tool turns complex process of simulating molecules in solution into a user-friendly chat
TU Graz and start-up BRAVE Analytics have developed a method for detecting nanoplastics in liquids and determining their composition
A third generation of biodegradable plastics could bring hope in the fight against plastic waste
This research offers a potential way to repair teeth and a natural dental treatment alternative
Unilever announced it has reached a new arrangement for Ben & Jerry’s in Israel which will ensure the ice cream stays available to all consumers
New mathematical model demonstrates ratio of potassium to sodium intake key to regulating blood pressure
AI-driven biotech research: Connected labs for faster scientific progress
Start-up portrait: QuantiLight revolutionizes blood tests with home monitoring platform
US laboratory market with top growth forecasts
Research team shows very precise and comprehensive correlation between immune profiles and age
Mushroom study expands knowledge of natural bitter compounds
New insights into the brain’s default mode network
Results in seconds rather than hours: Groundbreaking instrument-free assay nears completion
Researchers decipher novel mode of action of natural product antibiotic
New research finds mangos may be key to reducing insulin resistance in adults who are overweight or obese
Interdisciplinary research approach enables breakthrough
New approach could potentially mark a turning point in the antibiotics crisis
NYU Tandon researchers develop technology to calculate calories and nutrients from food images
This could lead to a much more compact design of quantum sensors
"Nature" publication reveals the evolutionary link between two fundamental biological processes
ProVeg speaks of "intermediate plateau" and underlines call for a future nutrition plan
Visualization of molecular structures with unprecedented detail
It is a detailed view of the brain like never seen before: allowing users to zoom in and out — from all angles
Early detection of strokes and heart attacks
Alzheimer's research: New in vitro laboratory study provides important insights
Great sustainability ambitions and willingness to innovate despite the need to save money
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Just two days after she announced she was running for the Wisconsin Supreme Court
Dane County Judge Susan Crawford received endorsements from all four of the court’s liberal justices — a rare sign of unanimity behind a single candidate this early in the campaign cycle
In a written statement released by Crawford’s campaign Wednesday
Jill Karofsky and Janet Protasiewicz all pledged to support her candidacy
Protasiewicz, who energized the state’s Democratic base in her 2023 campaign for the court
said in her endorsement that Wisconsinites value fairness in the courts
we’re finally delivering on that promise and making decisions rooted in the law and our constitution — we can’t risk going backward
I’m proud to endorse Judge Susan Crawford because I know she shares our belief in a justice system that gives everyone a fair shot,” Protasiewicz said
Endorsements by current and former justices — while coveted by candidates —are unlikely to make or break a campaign
especially given how much money is expected to be spent on the April 2025 Supreme Court race
But winning the support of all four justices this early could help Crawford raise the money she needs to compete
a former Wisconsin Supreme Court justice and Marquette University Law School professor
and probably even extraordinary,” Geske said
“I think that people are feeling like they gotta get in the race early and work hard
because if you have to raise that kind of money
it’s going to take substantial time.”
A running tally of spending in the 2023 Supreme Court race by WisPolitics found a grand total of $56 million spent between candidates
Geske said next year’s race is at least as important as last year’s
While races for the court are officially nonpartisan
Democratic and Republican activists are heavily involved
the 2025 race is shaping up as a contest between Crawford
Schimel downplayed Crawford’s endorsements
“It’s not surprising that the leftists on the Supreme Court are supporting another leftist who is also hell bent on altering our way of life through a radical judiciary,” Schimel said
“Wisconsinites will be more compelled by my three decades in public safety and endorsements I’ve earned from the Milwaukee Police Association
Milwaukee Professional Firefighters Association
and a bipartisan group of two thirds of Wisconsin’s sheriffs.”
Schimel’s campaign has yet to announce endorsements from current or former Supreme Court justices
Should a third candidate run for the court
there would be a February primary where the top two vote-getters advance
“My guess is that wasn’t the intent, but it may have that effect,” Geske said. “Anybody else who was kind of floating the idea … would certainly think twice because of the justices’ endorsement of her.”
Earlier this year, Judges Chris Taylor and Pedro Colon — both former Democratic state lawmakers who now serve on the Wisconsin Court of Appeals — said they might run for Supreme Court before ultimately deciding against it.
Wisconsin Court of Appeals Judge Maria Lazar, a conservative, has not ruled out running for Supreme Court. Lazar did not respond to an email Friday asking whether she was still considering the race.
Wisconsin Public Radio, © Copyright 2025, Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System and Wisconsin Educational Communications Board.
You need to take a good look at that."La Diosa releases "Tienen que verse eso," a new song filled with hints about her success
It has already surpassed 34,000 views on YouTube in less than 24 hours
La Diosa is debuting this week with a song that is filled with subtle hints and messages for those who envy her progress and success in life
"‘You Need to Check That Out’ is the title of this song that landed on digital platforms on Thursday along with a music video."
making it clear that anyone who keeps an eye on her money does so out of envy
The artist waited with her fans for the moment of the video release
which has already exceeded 34,000 views on YouTube in less than 24 hours
alongside her partner and music producer Rey El Mago
had her loyal fans dancing to the rhythm of timba
she also shared a video featuring a snippet of the song in the background
The song has been circulating on social media for several days
and her followers have been using it for their reels
The topic arises amid the lawsuit against Cántalo TV that the singer is facing
"They have to see that" is her way of publicly responding to the accusations against her
Here we leave you with this new track from La Diosa
The main message of the song "Tienen que verse eso" is a critique of those who envy La Diosa's progress and successes
The song is filled with veiled references aimed at those who are fixated on her wealth and achievements
highlighting that envy is a common sentiment directed toward her
The audience has welcomed the premiere of "Tienen que verse eso" very positively
as the music video surpassed 34,000 views on YouTube in less than 24 hours
its followers have been using the song on social media
demonstrating their support and enthusiasm
The song "Tienen que verse eso" arrives at a time when La Diosa is facing a lawsuit from Cántalo TV
it serves as her public response to the accusations and pressures against her
The lyrics contain hints that could be interpreted as a reply to her current legal situation
Obtaining permanent residency in the United States is a key goal for thousands of immigrants seeking stability and opportunities in the country
the wait time varies depending on the applicant category
and some groups are given priority in the process
El United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has established specific criteria for those eligible for faster processing
These preferences depend on factors such as family ties
The application process varies depending on the applicant's immigration status
Those already in the United States can apply adjustment of status
while those who reside outside must complete a consular process to obtain an immigrant visa before entering the country
immigrants with direct family ties to citizens or permanent residents stand out
there are other groups that can obtain the Green Card as a priority
and victims of human trafficking or certain crimes
The wait time for permanent residence varies depending on the type of application and visa availability
While some processes can be completed in a few months
especially for those not in USCIS priority categories
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the Nouveau Front Populaire left-wing alliance won 182 seats in France's Assemblée Nationale
ahead of Macron's coalition (168) and the far-right Rassemblement National (143)
By Le Monde in English
France's left-wing parties won the most seats in the Assemblée Nationale
after the second round of snap parliamentary elections
The far right made significant gains but finished third
behind President Emmanuel Macron's coalition and well below expectations
The Nouveau Front Populaire (NFP) alliance, formed less than three weeks ago by the main left-wing parties
The far-right Rassemblement National and its allies won 143 seats
The members of the conservative party Les Républicains who did not join forces with the RN –unlike their disputed leader Eric Ciotti – won 45 seats
roughly as many as in the outgoing legislature
These results mean France will have a hung parliament
with three major blocs but no clear majority
That leaves Macron in a position to negotiate with parties that have long been in opposition to him to try to form a coalition government
"The president has the duty to call on the Nouveau Front Populaire to govern," declared left-wing leader Jean-Luc Mélenchon
radical left) party spoke from the restaurant La Rotonde Stalingrad
where his party held its election night event
Mélenchon praised the electorate's efforts to obtain "a result that was said to be impossible" – a victory for the left
"Our people have clearly rejected the worst-case scenario
the RN is far from having an absolute majority," he declared
adding that this was "an immense relief for the millions of people who make up the new France."
"A majority has made a different choice for the country" than that of the far right
believing that now "the will of the people must be confirmed."
"The president must bow" to the results of the left
adding that the NFP alliance "will apply nothing but its program
all of its program." The projected breakdown among the left-wing parties was 74 seats for LFI
At radical left LFI's electoral evening event in Paris on July 7
LAURENCE GEAI / MYOP FOR LE MONDE According to the Elysée
Macron will wait until the new Assemblée has been "structured" before "taking the necessary decisions." The president therefore did not speak on Sunday evening
who has called for "prudence" in the face of results that could still change over the course of the evening
was said to be "taking note of the results of the legislative elections as they come in
"In his role as guarantor of our institutions
he will ensure that the sovereign choice of the French people is respected," added the Elysée
He was said to want to wait for the Assemblée to take shape before appointing a new prime minister
said on Sunday evening that "in keeping with republican tradition," he would tender his resignation to the president "tomorrow morning." However
Attal added: "I will of course continue to assume my duties for as long as duty requires." "Tonight marks the start of a new era," he added
stressing that France's destiny would "more than ever" be played out in Parliament
dropped out in favor of a better-placed candidate to beat the RN
to prevent the far right from ascending to power in what is called the "republican front" in France
"These electoral agreements throw France into the arms of Mélenchon," Bardella said
reacts on stage after early estimates of the second round results of the early parliamentary elections in Paris
KEVIN COOMBS / REUTERS Bardella nonetheless hailed "the momentum which carried the RN
and which put it in the lead in the first round" and enabled it to obtain a historic number of MPs in the Assemblée
in an attack on his opponents' collaboration
Far-right leader Marine Le Pen said on Sunday evening that the RN's victory was "only deferred," stressing that it was "the number one" party in France
"I have too much experience to be disappointed by a result where we double our number of MPs," she added
Macron called the snap elections three years before the scheduled end of the legislature after his coalition was soundly beaten by the RN in the European elections on June 9
the far-right party came out on top with 33.35% of the vote nationwide
In the final week of campaigning, the RN faced scrutiny for the comments made by many of its candidates: Dozens have made racist, homophobic or xenophobic statements
Many of them will now sit in the Assemblée Nationale as part of a historic far-right wave
The NFP alliance was formed by the Socialists
Communists and Mélenchon's radical left party LFI
along with some smaller parties and independents
had been formed in 2022 and had made the left the largest opposition force in the Assemblée
particularly between LFI and the other parties
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Black, red, and green will color the streets of Washington, D.C., on May 23, 2024, as the Kenyan flag is raised to welcome President William Ruto and First Lady Rachel Chebet for the Republic of Kenya’s third state visit to the United States in its history
The last official state visit from an African leader to the United States was President John Kufour of Ghana in 2008
As Kenya is one of Washington’s closest allies on the continent
Biden will also aim to tout the strength of U.S.-Kenya bilateral ties
highlight the growing leadership role Kenya is playing on the continent
and signal the importance of Africa to the Biden administration’s national security outlook during Ruto’s visit
and was successful in bringing together delegations from 49 African countries to Washington for three days of engagement
were important signals sent to African leaders that the United States was ready to become a stronger and more reliable partner across a range of political
like reforming the UN Security Council to add a permanent African seat and restructuring global financial institutions to work better for poor countries
Biden is likely to use this as an opportunity to continue to distinguish his engagement with Africa from former president Trump’s approach
which many Africans feel was at best complacent and at worst contemptuous toward issues of concern to them
In more practical terms, President Biden will be looking to forge stronger security ties with Kenya as Nairobi has shown both a willingness and ability to lead as a security partner in East Africa. The East African Community (EAC) regional bloc recently admitted the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Somalia to its membership
As Kenya is the United States’ closest ally in the bloc
Washington is relying heavily on Kenya to play peacemaker in the DRC
and Biden will be looking to tout the Kenyan-led mission as a sign of his administration’s commitment to restoring security and calm in Haiti
Congress will also likely be on Ruto’s agenda
He’ll attempt to maximize the benefit to Kenyan industry regarding everything from technology to cut flowers
Security is likely to be Ruto’s other big talking point. He will have to find a way to manage his highly publicized commitment to deploy Kenyan forces to confront spiraling violence half a world away in Haiti while Africa has no shortage of security needs going unmet. The 2022 deployment of Kenyan forces to the DRC as part of the East African Community Regional Force was ineffective
Ruto will also likely be looking to translate the United States’ ever-expanding troop presence at its base in Manda Bay
as well as Kenya’s diplomatic and security efforts in a range of African hotspots important to Washington (e.g.
into greater training and arms transfers for his Kenyan forces.
who face their own domestic challenges with limited means to address them
typically shy away from taking on regional leadership roles in Africa’s fast-changing economic and security landscape
starting with Ruto’s predecessor Uhuru Kenyatta
Kenya has steadily expanded its reach on the world stage
and now under Ruto across the transatlantic world
As the largest economy in the EAC, Kenya is at the forefront of trade and commerce within the subregion. Its strong financial sector, with actors such as Equity Bank, and its robust agricultural sector have helped Kenya project its economic influence beyond its borders for years
Kenya pushed for and succeeded in bringing the DRC into the EAC
a feat that would have been unimaginable five years ago
Kenya also has been adept at capitalizing on regional conflicts
and turning them into opportunities for regional leadership on the political and security fronts
President Ruto has been particularly proactive and committed to carving out a leadership role in a fast-changing region
wading into spaces from climate change to peacekeeping and debt relief that would have been claimed by South Africa
As those four countries navigate tense and uneasy relations with the United States due to deep disagreements over Gaza
Kenya is blazing a trail through complex great power competition dynamics as a reliable African interlocutor for the United States
The trip further strengthened Kenya-China relations
Kenya is also home to a major Belt and Road Initiative project, the Nairobi-Mombasa railway
This railway connects Kenya’s commercial capital to the coast and was built by Chinese contractors using Chinese loans to the Kenyan government
Kenya remains the closest partner of the United States in East Africa and one of its closest allies on the continent
represents a significant milestone in the diplomatic relationship between the United States and Kenya
this African state visit holds considerable significance for both presidents’ resumes because the trickle-down effects of this visit will traverse beyond Kenya and the United States to nations such as the DRC and Haiti
Mvemba Phezo Dizolele is a senior fellow and director of the Africa Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington
Cameron Hudson is a senior fellow in the Africa Program at CSIS
Khasai Makhulo is the program coordinator and research assistant for the Africa Program at CSIS
Catherine Nzuki is an associate fellow for the Africa Program at CSIS
Commentary is produced by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
tax-exempt institution focusing on international public policy issues
Its research is nonpartisan and nonproprietary
CSIS does not take specific policy positions
and conclusions expressed in this publication should be understood to be solely those of the author(s)
© 2024 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies
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Following the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2008
the capital standards for banks operating in the United States were tightened as US banking regulators implemented the Basel III framework
This Economic Commentary briefly presents the key elements of Basel III relevant to bank capital and analyzes the timing of the evolution of regulatory capital ratios for US bank holding companies during that time
banks’ capital ratios increased notably between 2009 and 2012
plateauing before the new rules came into force
While larger and better-capitalized banks increased capital ratios soon after the financial crisis
it took smaller and less-well-capitalized banks longer on average to start that process
The views authors express in Economic Commentary are theirs and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The series editor is Tasia Hane. This paper and its data are subject to revision; please visit clevelandfed.org for updates
This Economic Commentary presents the evolution of banks’ regulatory capital ratios around the introduction of higher capital requirements that were part of the post-financial crisis Basel III reforms
analyzing the path of capital ratios across groups of different sizes and across the distribution of tier 1 capital ratios both before and after the introduction of this framework
This analysis of capital ratios around an earlier episode of increased capital requirements can be informative for thinking about banks’ possible responses to new capital regulations
the regulatory requirements in Basel I and Basel II were widely regarded by banking regulators as deficient
and there was a concerted international effort to strengthen banking regulation
a process which resulted in the Basel III framework published in September 2010 by the BCBS
Among other elements of tightening banking regulation, Basel III strengthened minimum capital requirements in several ways.3 First
narrower category of capital called “common equity tier 1” (CET1) capital with a minimum CET1 capital-to-RWA ratio requirement of 4.5 percent
CET1 capital presents the highest quality regulatory capital
The CET1 measure comprises mostly common stock and retained earnings and does not include the additional instruments that are permitted under the less strict tier 1 capital measure
A failure to meet the required buffer levels leads to restrictions on payouts
and thereby helps to keep earnings within the bank
the new rules implied a jump from 4 percent to 6 percent by 2015
increasing for most banks to 8.5 percent including the capital conservation buffer by 2019
with an additional G-SIB surcharge on top for some of the largest banks
The Basel III implementation was not the only major revision of bank regulation during the time
the largest United States banks were also subject to additional new regulations originating in the Dodd–Frank Act of 2010
including compulsory regulatory stress tests for large banks with more than $50 billion in total assets
The chart highlights two main features of the data that are informative about the way bank capital ratios have evolved around the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and since
average capital ratios increased significantly by up to 6 percentage points in the years following the financial crisis
after having declined slowly in the run up to the crisis
Average capital ratios then run approximately flat or even decline slightly from around 2012 onward
The average tier 1 capital ratios that banks reached in 2012 comfortably exceed the minimum required under Basel III from 2015 of 6 percent for all size groups
even including the CCB of 2.5 percent that was set at zero before 2016 and not fully phased-in until 2019
the group of large and very large banks on average had lower tier 1 capital ratios than the smaller regional and community banks
this gap began to close as the largest banks increased their tier 1 capital/RWA ratios earlier and by more than the smaller banks; and by 2015
Note that the banks above $50 billion in assets were subject to the additional requirements under the Dodd–Frank Act of 2010
that would have provided a strong incentive to increase capital ratios above the minimum required
some of the very largest banks were also covered by the additional G-SIB surcharge introduced with Basel III
both requirements did not apply to the two groups of banks below $50 billion
groups which nonetheless increased their tier 1 capital ratios significantly and well above the new minimum tier 1 ratio required by Basel III
Just like capital ratios did not move uniformly across groups of different sizes
there was variation in the evolution of tier 1 capital ratios between banks with stronger and weaker capital positions
Figure 3 plots the time series of tier 1 capital ratios across three points of the distribution
The thick solid line at the center represents the tier 1 capital ratio of the median bank at the 50th percentile
the capital ratio that within each quarter sits right in the middle of the distribution
with 50 percent of banks having lower capital ratios and the other 50 percent having capital ratios that are higher
The thinner dashed lines at the top and bottom of the chart represent the 90th and 10th percentile of the distribution
Figure 3 shows that while both the median and the 90th percentile started their post-crisis increase by early 2009
the bottom of the distribution was lagging: the 10th percentile kept falling throughout 2009
and only started to increase about a year later
This lag suggests that banks with lower capital ratios during and shortly after the financial crisis might have found it harder to rebuild their capital ratios afterwards
the 10th percentile tier 1 capital ratio stabilized at a level of around 10 percent by 2012
at a similar time as the median and the 90th percentile
higher capital requirements of Basel III broadly came into force
This Economic Commentary analyzes the evolution of banks’ regulatory tier 1 capital ratios amid the new stricter capital regulations introduced following the 2007–2008 financial crisis
The new rules were introduced with the objective to make banks and the financial system safer and reduce the risk of a repeat of the crisis
The analysis shows that following the financial crisis of 2007–2008
on average United States banks of all sizes increased their regulatory capital ratios notably
generally to levels well above the required minimums
the increase in the average tier 1 capital ratios was largely completed by 2012
higher capital requirements of Basel III came into force
This series of events is consistent with the view that banks increased their capital ratios preemptively rather than waiting until the rules were binding
the data suggest that there was significant variation across banks in the timing of these increases in capital ratios
While the larger banks started increasing their tier 1 capital ratios as early as 2008 on average
for the smaller community banks to start the process
albeit with the community banks having started the increase from a higher initial level on average
while better-capitalized banks started increasing their capital ratios by the end of 2008
less-well-capitalized banks started the process only from 2010 onward
The overall pattern of increases in tier 1 capital ratios means that the desired outcomes of the Basel III reforms
including higher capital levels and thus safer banks
were at least partly achieved relatively quickly after the rules had been announced
the analysis in this article is descriptive and does not speak directly to the causal impact of the Basel III reforms
the overall message is consistent with the findings in a recent working paper on the effect of the reforms (Fritsch and Siedlarek
That paper employs a difference-in-differences model to disentangle the effect of the regulations from other factors
exploiting the cross-sectional variation between banks in the extent to which the new rules reduced measured capital levels
It shows that the proposed rules implementing Basel III triggered a response by the affected banks soon after the rules’ publication in June 2012
with banks responding more strongly the more they were affected by the new rules
This work by Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
The Cleveland Fed is part of the Federal Reserve
and the northern panhandle of West Virginia
The goal of our work is to strengthen the economic performance of the nation and our region
216.579.2000
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In an effort to aid the Latino community in the Charlottesville area
the School of Medicine’s Latino Health Initiative has partnered with several local nonprofit organizations
There’s nothing worse than feeling helpless – and sadly that’s something Fanny Smedile
founder of the local non-profit Sin Barreras
has experienced frequently since the start of the pandemic
Providing aid to members of the Latino community in Charlottesville who have been hit hard by COVD-19 is a daily struggle
Smedile has been inundated with requests for assistance
“When someone calls you and tells you what is going on
who founded Sin Barreras – Spanish for “without barriers” – in 2012
we don’t have any more money.’ So we can’t help every single family.”
Fanny Smedile is the founder of the local nonprofit Sin Barreras
Smedile said she has heard from entire families who have been affected by the coronavirus
Smedile said members of these families haven’t been able to work because they have the virus
Smedile said they are often faced with the impossible choice of paying their rent and electric bill or buying food
the Hispanic population has accounted for around 25% of the COVID cases – a high number considering only 6% to 7% of the population is Hispanic
according to UVA associate professor of medicine Dr
biological predisposition; it is not due to a cultural predisposition and that your culture
your lifestyle makes you prone to disease,” Luna said
“But it is due to the socioeconomic challenges and hardships that people of color
People of color and Latinos are overrepresented in frontline employment
have very limited safety nets and live in multigenerational households.”
Luna said one in three non-Hispanic whites is able to work from home
Only 55% of Latino households have internet access in the city of Charlottesville
Luna said just 51% of foreign-born Hispanics have “stable” health insurance in Virginia
Max Luna founded the UVA Latino Health Initiative more than six years ago
the UVA School of Medicine’s Latino Health Initiative – which Luna started more than six years ago – has partnered with Sin Barreras and several other local organizations
the Church of Incarnation and Creciendo Juntos
which has more than two dozen UVA student and faculty volunteers
has been working tirelessly with community health workers and many other UVA Health teams to provide free COVID-19 testing for the Latino community
the organization has aimed to keep community members informed about the virus and current public health guidelines through their social media platforms
educational flyers and a monthly newsletter – published in English and Spanish – that are distributed to local Latino stores
Recently, a radio program, “Poder Latino” – which can be heard on Saturdays from 10 a.m
One of its goals is to bridge the information gap
“It is important to understand that some members of our community don’t have access to the same information and resources that others do because of a simple language barrier
…This information gap and language barrier can be incredibly dangerous for the wellness of these families
and in turn could affect the health of our entire city,” said third-year student Danielle Romeo
who directs Madison House’s Sin Barreras program
“It is essential that all COVID-19 resources
information and ‘norms’ are accessible for this community
By educating ourselves further about this inequity
it sets us up to be more inclusive about the resources we put together and the way that we move forward in addressing this pandemic.”
The Latino Health Initiative is also working on a mental health webinar and a digital divide project – to address a lack of technology access in the Latino community
“I think right now it is really important to recognize the role that these social determinants of health play
and to combat any stigma or blame associated with the Latino community or anyone who is unable to work and live in a socially distant way,” said Gabby Grob
a fourth-year student who has been volunteering for the initiative this year.
it is the responsibility of everyone in the Charlottesville community to recognize the impact that their behavior can have on the people working in places like restaurants and grocery stores
If you haven’t been socially distant and wearing a mask
This could cause an entire extended family to get sick with a potentially deadly disease and require them to take many days off of work.”
Margaret Rowe and Gabby Grob are among more than two dozen student volunteers
a fourth-year medical student who began working with the Latino Health Initiative three years ago
it’s important to remember that curbing cases of COVID in our community is important for everyone
whether you identify as a member of a vulnerable group or not,” Rowe said
“For people who generally have the privilege of working from home and who choose to attend bars and gatherings for social reasons
it’s important to remember that our actions also impact people who are at greater risk for serious health and financial consequences of COVID
we should be continuing to wear masks and social distance
as hard as that is to maintain nine months into this pandemic
because we all have a responsibility to protect vulnerable community members
many people have spoken about how COVID has highlighted rampant health disparities in our country
and particularly future physicians like myself
to commit to improving health equity through community engagement
addressing physician implicit bias and institutional racism in medicine
Hanni Nabahe, a UVA research librarian for commerce and economics, has gotten involved in the Latino Health Initiative’s efforts by maintaining a comprehensive set of local, state, and national resources for Spanish-speaking communities
“As the holiday season approaches and the surge in cases worsens
many in the community are finding themselves at a breaking point
so the need for information on resources will only increase,” Nabahe said
While things have often seemed bleak over the course of the last nine months
and have collected different things for us – food
personal items for women – that we’ve been able to distribute to the people
This has really hurt the Latino community.”
To learn more, volunteer or make a donation, visit the UVA Latino Health Initiative website
Whitelaw Reid
University of Virginia Licensing & Ventures Group
/content/members-charlottesvilles-latino-community-fighting-their-lives
UVA Breaks Ground on Paul and Diane Manning Institute of Biotechnology
Dutch equestrian photographer Ruud van Tienen passed away in his home in Rochefort
Van Tienen was born on 18 March 1929 in Amsterdam and first served in the Dutch military
He then worked as a journalist his entire life the newspaper Het Vrije Volk
After his retirement he became an equestrian photographer
following in the wake of his wife Yana van Tienen
who was famous Dutch dressage book author in the 1990s (Dresuur Favorieten
Ruud van Tienen worked for Dutch equestrian publications De Hoefslag
Van Tienen is survived by his wife Yana van Tienen-Engelsman
The funeral took place on 30 September 2020 in St
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By Lesley Clark | 07/20/2020 07:33 AM EDT
President Trump has tried to paint his presumptive Democratic presidential challenger as a radical environmentalist
including with a dark warning last week that under former Vice President Joe Biden
there would be “no windows” across the United States
there would be "no windows" across the United States
But the comments are prompting sharp criticism from advocates who say there’s no truth to his assertion when it comes to energy-efficient buildings
Trump made the remarks during a White House news conference, saying Biden’s efficiency policies would prompt eye problems and lead to sweaty workers in the summer and cold employees in the winter (Energywire
It’s very hard to do … tell people when they want to go into some of these buildings
Because they won’t be good in five years
And I hope you don’t mind cold office space in the winter and warm office space in the summer
because your air conditioning is not the same as the good old days,’" Trump said
The White House offered no further comment
Biden’s energy plan does embrace a call for legislation to develop net-zero emissions standards for all new commercial buildings by 2030
A proposal released by a task force organized by Biden and Sen
who in April became the last Biden competitor to drop out of the Democratic presidential primary
national goal" to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions for all new buildings by 2030
which produce as much energy as they use or more
"We have hundreds and hundreds of examples of well-designed
well-functioning zero-carbon-generating buildings in the U.S
buildings program director at the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
Green building advocates note Trump would not have to leave Washington to see an example of the type of building Biden’s plan endorses
The American Geophysical Union is retrofitting its 1994 building less than 2 miles from the White House
and the net-zero renovation boosted the number of windows in the building
"We actually added more windows so that we could get more light into the lobby," said Janice Lachance
the group’s executive vice president for strategic leadership and global outreach
Because the building is located in the middle of a city
it was limited in how much energy the building could generate and is using 17 different strategies
That includes the building’s windows
which automatically block glare and heat but still provide natural light
Trump charged Friday at an additional White House event that the focus on zero-emissions buildings would end up "skyrocketing the cost of construction." Lachance agreed that initial estimates showed a "regular renovation" would have run about 10% to 15% less
but she said the organization expects energy savings to make up the difference
The energy used to build and operate buildings accounted for nearly 40% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions in 2018
according to the latest United Nations Environment Programme report
making buildings a focus of climate advocates
And windows — treated to filter out heat but not light — tend to play a leading role
a project by the World Green Building Council aimed at seeing that all buildings are net-zero carbon by 2050
in all kinds of climates and all different building types," Burrows said of net-zero-carbon buildings
Trump’s recent remarks are not the first time he’s accused Democrats of looking to ban windows
he accused Democrats of looking to "knock down all buildings in Manhattan and rebuild them without windows
His inspiration appeared to be New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio
who at an Earth Day 2019 event said his plan for sustainable buildings would mean banning "glass and steel skyscrapers."
De Blasio at the same event promoted several glass-wrapped buildings that are energy efficient, and the director of the Mayor’s Office of Sustainability sought to clear up de Blasio’s remarks, telling The New York Times last year that de Blasio’s plan "doesn’t mean that buildings can’t use glass anymore."
The windows slugfest is occurring as polls show Trump trailing Biden nationally and in key battleground states
Trump has made it increasingly clear that he sees his embrace of fossil fuels and push to roll back regulations on everything from dishwashers to pipelines as a boost to his reelection chances
the president celebrated what he said was the erasure of "nearly 25,000 pages of job-destroying regulations," saying his administration’s work on energy efficiency measures will ensure that dishwashers "have a lot more water."
He also cheered his decision to keep traditional incandescent lightbulbs on the shelves
saying they’re "selling like hotcakes" because they’re "better and much cheaper" than their energy-efficient replacements
"The hard left wants to reverse these extraordinary gains and reimpose these disastrous regulations," Trump said
notes on its website that new light-emitting diodes "last longer
and offer comparable or better light quality than other types of lighting."
With the coronavirus pandemic and delays in market figures
it’s unclear how the lightbulb regulation is affecting sales
Environmentalists say Trump is likely off the mark when he says the older-style bulbs are selling rapidly
"The bulbs that are selling like hotcakes are the LEDs," said Noah Horowitz
director of the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Center for Energy Efficiency Standards
He noted that the market share for the energy-efficient bulbs — which use 85% less power and last 10 times longer — has tripled over the past five years
according to the latest figures that are available
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Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has sparked significant debate about the future of European defense
What is often lost in many of these discussions
is the role airpower will likely play in any future European conflict
because should a wider conflict break out between the Russian Federation and NATO
airpower would likely be the force initially called on to blunt Russian advances
Wherever such hypothetical conflict occurs
the challenges facing NATO will be similar: Russia will be informed by their missteps in Ukraine and will potentially adapt
and NATO will have to overcome significant capability and capacity gaps
particularly if the United States is heavily engaged elsewhere
NATO and European nations should invest in air defense capabilities
the United States should assist its European allies in this endeavor and ensure its force posture in Europe is sufficient to bolster allies where needed
one of the most surprising was the Russian Air Force’s (VKS) failure to muster any sort of coherent air campaign
Unable to conduct a true long-range precision attack
Russia has instead been conducting mass terror attacks with minimally guided weapons on the Ukrainian populace
similar to German V-weapon strikes on the United Kingdom in World War II
instead of weakening Ukraine’s will to fight
this has strengthened their resolve and united much of the world behind them
that these Russian failures in Ukraine mean that the VKS is a hollow or incapable force
and Russia has proven remarkably resilient after military setbacks throughout history
It is very likely that the Russian military
will adapt how they fight based on the lessons of Ukraine
When that will occur and what form it will take remain to be seen
but the West should remain ready to face a Russia that has learned lessons
and perhaps even adopted the air denial strategy Ukraine has used so successfully against them
Such systems protect critical military and infrastructure sites and are matrixed into military formations to provide a credible defense of maneuver forces at every echelon
Putin has shown a high tolerance for casualties due to suppression of the press and other authoritarian controls
so political constraints are less of a factor than in the West
SEAD capabilities would help degrade the Russian systems
It is very likely that Russia could take lessons learned from their recent struggles, take advantage of these challenges and the dependence on the United States for key capabilities, and engage in the same strategy of air denial the Ukrainians have used so successfully against them
This could expose NATO ground forces to increased risk
where the Russian army can use numerical superiority and its vast strategic reserves to offset NATO’s technical and tactical superiority on land
the United States should evaluate its force posture in Europe
to determine if plans will meet expectations should conflict occur
especially if there is a potential for simultaneous conflict in two theaters or on two fronts
The United States should also be transparent about these results with NATO headquarters and the allies they can make decisions on which capabilities they may need to enhance or procure
These reforms may seem difficult at times but are critical to ensuring the survivability and success of NATO airpower in a future fight
Consortiums do not require the bureaucracy of a fully NATO-owned and operated asset (like NATO Airborne Warning and Control System)
but can greatly improve economies of scale and build interoperability in from the beginning
In the case of big-ticket items like tankers
it can get smaller nations into a capability they could not otherwise afford
for high-volume items like munitions and expensive necessities like electromagnetic warfare systems
consortiums can greatly improve buying power
thereby increasing magazine depth across the alliance
There are no quick solutions to NATO’s challenges
but these proposals will keep NATO on a positive track while discouraging adversaries large and small
John Christianson is a military fellow with the International Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington
Matthew Hanson is the chief of staff of NATO’s Joint Air Power Competence Centre in Kalkar
The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of the United States Air Force
© 2023 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies
A Yemeni fighter backed by the Saudi-led coalition fires his weapon during clashes with Houthi rebels on the Kassara frontline near Marib
Yemen's rebels have launched attacks with missiles and drones on the United Arab Emirates
a major escalation for one of the world's most protracted conflicts
The attacks underscore how the war that has ground on for over seven years in the corner of the Arabian Peninsula can flare into a regional danger
One of this week's attacks targeted an Emirati military base hosting U.S
the conflict has killed tens of thousands of civilians and fighters in Yemen and created a years-long humanitarian disaster in the Arab world's poorest country
The war pits the internationally recognized government
backed by a coalition including Saudi Arabia and the UAE
the coalition entered the war in March 2015 to support the government of President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi
whose forces and other loosely allied militias hold the south.Here's a look at the latest developments.WHY HAS THE WAR ESCALATED
The Houthis blame the Emirates for significant recent battlefield losses inside Yemen
that have virtually ended their efforts to complete control of the country's north.Primarily
they are looking to retaliate after their offensive aiming to seize the crucial central Yemeni city of Marib floundered.The Houthis launched the offensive last year
and at times it looked like they might succeed in taking the city from the government
Capturing Marib would have sealed their control over the entire north of Yemen
brought the province's relative wealth into their hands and given them leverage in future peace negotiations
Despite suffering heavy casualties from coalition airstrikes
The coalition stepped up ground support to the city's defenders
But the tide only really turned when Emirati-backed forces known as the Giants Brigade made a concerted push in the southern province of Shabwa this month
They pushed out the Houthis and reclaimed Shabwa
then cut off key Houthi supply lines in Marib province and are now advancing into the province.The escalation prevented Marib from falling into Houthi hands but "it required some political realignments" within the coalition
a Yemen expert at the International Crisis Group
had to allow the empowering of Emirati-backed forces
who has had a longtime rivalry with the UAE
HOUTHI REACTIONThe Houthi's reply has been to fire ballistic missiles and explosive-laden drones
militaries said they intercepted two ballistic missiles over Abu Dhabi
The rebels said they targeted the Al-Dhafra Air Base
which hosts both American and British forces.Last week
the rebels claimed another attack on Abu Dhabi that targeted the airport and a fuel depot
The strike killed three people and wounded six others
This satellite image provided Planet Labs PBC shows the aftermath of an attack claimed by Yemen's Houthi rebels on an Abu Dhabi National Oil Co
fuel depot in the Mussafah neighborhood of Abu Dhabi
The attacks threaten the Emirates' business-friendly
tourism-focused reputation.Earlier this month
the Houthis also seized an Emirati ship in the Red Sea
a rebel-held port that the two sides have long battled over
The coalition said it carried medical equipment from a dismantled Saudi field hospital on the Yemeni island of Socotra
The coalition has threatened to attack Houthi-held ports if they don't release the vessel
The rebels also fired missiles and drones at government-held areas in Yemen
the coalition has launched intense airstrikes on Sanaa and other rebel-held areas
including over 80 people in a detention center in the northern province of Saada.Another coalition airstrike on a telecommunications building knocked Yemen off the internet for days before being restored early Tuesday
a visiting fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations
said the Houthis are trying to draw the UAE back into a conflict from which it has been trying to extricate itself
The fighting is "an example of the lack of willingness on all sides to come to any consensus," he said
STALLED PEACE EFFORTSThe escalation on both sides has brought condemnation from Western powers
who have grown tired of trying to broker a peace in Yemen
Most of that frustration now seems focused on the rebels
President Joe Biden's administration is considering reversing a decision last year that lifted the Houthi's terrorist designation
had aimed to calm tensions in hopes of boosting peace efforts and addressing humanitarian needs
Yemeni and Saudi officials have maintained that the U.S
measures only emboldened the Houthis.The U.S
diplomatic moves failed to bring the two sides to negotiations as the Houthis pressed their Marib offensive
State Department spokesman Ned Price said that the Biden administration was "beyond fed up" with the Houthis.The Houthis have also taken a hard line on other fronts
Embassy in Sanaa and detained dozens of local employees
human rights office and UNESCO.Some speculate that Iran could be playing a role in their Houthi allies' escalations
is reluctant to give too much credence to the idea that Iran is pulling strings
but Iran can't just order them to do something
"This only occurs when it's convenient for both."
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The couple have separate homes a block apart and plan to look for a place for their blended family to share in the future, Kardashian says
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Text description provided by the architects. Architect Peter Van Impe from AST77 designed his own home in Tienen, Belgium. For this project, he looked into the extreme forms of circularity.
The main character in the circular concept is an impressive rammed earth wall, which is 40 centimeters thick and 15 meters high. All 5 floors are organized around this rammed earth wall, constructed according to the age-old craft of building - without binders or reinforcing irons. The wall looks robust but in essence, it's fragile and vulnerable. If water were added it would simply revert back to mud or soil.
© Maarten De BouwWhen we speak of circular thinking and building, change-oriented design and the use of the right materials and construction techniques are key. In response to this, the architect chose to combine a massive basic structure with the lightest possible interior - one large open space. His aim was to look for maximum flexibility in the interior space, in order to let it grow along with the evolving housing requirements of current and future residents.
© Maarten De BouwThe piece of land that architect Peter Van Impe came across to build his home
forms the western end of a continuous row of 12 townhouses
It provides a grand view over the 11-hectare public park and its ponds
The western façade of the house consists entirely of glass
The “head” opens up to its surroundings as if nature penetrates into the interior on every floor
the reflective glass provides privacy and confronts passengers with an impressive reflection of the nearby poplars
these beautiful trees form a perfect natural screen against the low evening sun
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it seems we will be wearing masks for the foreseeable future
We can all hope that this public health strategy will help reduce transmission of COVID-19
we need to remember that as our masks intercept the transmission of coronavirus
they also intercept important non-verbal communications that are universal to our emotional connection
These basic building blocks of emotional experience are written all over our faces
Legendary psychologist Paul Ekman has devoted his life’s work to studying non-verbal emotional expression across cultures
His research suggests that we can largely recognize how people around the world are feeling by simply reading their faces
All of humanity expresses these seven core feelings in ways that we universally comprehend
We depend on facial expression to know and understand each other
we are primed to seek emotional connection by simply seeing each other’s facial expressions
Masks block a lot more than COVID-19 droplets
to express ourselves and communicate to others
non-verbal communication accounts for the majority of what we understand in our social exchanges
like raised eyebrows and shoulder shrugs become highly ambiguous without cues from the mouth
This loss of information is like talking on your phone in a zone with weak cell service
those times when you only hear every third word and eventually the call drops
The effect leaves us feeling less able to communicate and less able to understand each other
Many young children burst into tears or recoil when someone wearing a mask approaches
It’s so common that some elementary schools prohibit masks at the school Halloween parade
One reason for this is that the development of facial recognition is relatively weak in young children
According to University of Toronto psychologist
it is not until kids are about 14 years old that they reach adult skill levels in recognizing faces
kids tend to see individual facial features
rather than recognizing the person as a whole
we take away information that makes it especially difficult for children to recognize others and read emotional signals
These issues may be especially true for children with autism spectrum disorder
who tend to have particular difficulties reading non-verbal cues
the mandate to wear masks has been met with some backlash from black men who fear that wearing masks could expose them to harassment from the police
a black man from Ohio posted a message on Twitter that has been retweeted more than 17,000 times: “I want to stay alive but I also want to stay alive.” Many have expressed fears that homemade masks
could exacerbate racial profiling and place blacks and Latinos in danger
I am hoping that by putting masks on everyone
we may have an opportunity to actually break this stereotyped response
This is where my career in psychology started
and non-verbal behavior under the mentorship of JHU Professor Judy Hall
My first publication ever asked whether male and female authors differed in their writing about nonverbal behavior
the only way they diverged was that male authors described facial expressions much more often and in more detail than female authors
My second publication with Professor Amy Halberstadt and my college roommate and fellow research assistant
and their smiling behavior is more congruent with what they are trying to communicate compared to men
my female friends are taking to decorate their masks with a smile
wearing masks reduces the information we have available to express ourselves and understand others
It’s sort of like trying to make your way to the bathroom with the lights out in the middle of the night
Kids and others in our community may find it especially disconcerting
Recognizing this should remind us to go easy with ourselves and others during these trying times
may the exchange of big smiles with loved ones be ever more sweet
Por Kathleen M. Pike Dependemos de la expresión facial y no verbal para conocernos y entendernos.En todo el mundo
Todos podemos esperar que esta estrategia de salud pública ayude a reducir la transmisión del COVID-19
Pero cuando nos ponemos nuestras mascarillas para salir
debemos recordar que a medida que nuestras mascarillas interceptan la transmisión del coronavirus
también interceptan importantes comunicaciones no verbales que son universales para nuestra conexión emocional
Estos componentes básicos de la experiencia emocional se reflejan en nuestras caras
El legendario psicólogo Paul Ekman ha dedicado el trabajo de su vida al estudio de la expresión emocional no verbal en todas las culturas
Su investigación sugiere que podemos reconocer en gran medida cómo se sienten las personas en todo el mundo simplemente leyendo sus caras
Toda la humanidad expresa estos siete sentimientos centrales en formas que universalmente comprendemos
Dependemos de la expresión facial para conocernos y entendernos
el aumento de la ansiedad y las rutinas interrumpidas debido al COVID19
estamos preparados para buscar una conexión emocional simplemente viendo las expresiones faciales de los demás
Las máscaras bloquean mucho más que las gotas del COVID-19
para expresarnos y comunicarnos con los demás
la comunicación no verbal representa la mayoría de lo que entendemos en nuestros intercambios sociales
como las cejas levantadas y los encogimientos de hombros
se vuelven muy ambiguos sin señales de la boca
Esta pérdida de información es como hablar por teléfono en una zona con un servicio celular débil
esos momentos en los que solo escuchas cada tercera palabra y
El efecto nos hace sentir menos capaces de comunicarnos y menos capaces de entendernos
Por qué los niños encuentran las mascarillas desconcertantes
Muchos niños pequeños se echan a llorar o retroceden cuando alguien con una mascarilla se acerca
Es tan común que algunas escuelas primarias prohíban las máscaras en el desfile de Halloween de la escuela
Una razón para esto es que el desarrollo del reconocimiento facial es relativamente débil en los niños pequeños
no es hasta que los niños tienen alrededor de 14 años que alcanzan los niveles de habilidad de los adultos para reconocer rostros
los niños tienden a ver rasgos faciales individuales
en lugar de reconocer a la persona como un todo
eliminamos información que hace que sea especialmente difícil para los niños reconocer a los demás y leer señales emocionales
Estos problemas pueden ser especialmente ciertos para los niños con trastorno del espectro autista
quienes tienden a tener dificultades particulares para leer señales no verbales
el mandato de usar mascarillas se ha visto afectado por una reacción violenta de los hombres negros que temen que usarlas pueda exponerlos al acoso de la policía
publicó un mensaje en Twitter que ha sido retuiteado más de 17,000 veces: “Quiero seguir vivo
Muchos han expresado su temor de que las mascarillas caseras
puedan exacerbar el perfil racial y poner en peligro a negros y latinos
tengamos la oportunidad de romper esta respuesta estereotipada
Aquí es donde comenzó mi carrera en psicología
ingresé datos y aprendí sobre métodos de investigación
psicología de la mujer y comportamiento no verbal bajo la tutoría de la profesora Judy Hall de JHU
Mi primera publicación cuestionaba si los autores masculinos y femeninos diferían en sus escritos sobre el comportamiento no verbal
la única forma en que divergieron fue que los autores masculinos describieron las expresiones faciales con mucha más frecuencia y con más detalle que las autoras
Mi segunda publicación con la profesora Amy Halberstadt y mi compañera de cuarto de la universidad y asistente de investigación
descubrió que las mujeres pasan más tiempo sonriendo y su comportamiento sonriente es más congruente con lo que intentan comunicar en comparación con los hombres
el uso de mascarillas reduce la información que tenemos disponible para expresarnos y comprender a los demás
Es como tratar de llegar al baño con las luces apagadas en medio de la noche
Los niños y otros en nuestra comunidad pueden encontrarlo especialmente desconcertante
Reconocer esto debería recordarnos que debemos ser pacientes con nosotros mismos y con los demás durante estos tiempos difíciles
Y cuando nos quitemos las mascarillas en casa
que el intercambio de grandes sonrisas con los seres queridos sea aún más dulce
A tornado has damaged properties in Geetbets
The tornado that swept across the area on Thursday evening also damaged houses in the Walloon Brabant municipality of Beauvechain
several families have had to seek alternative accomodation
After the tornado had first caused damage a few kilometres south in Beauvechain
it was the turn of Zoutleeuw and Geetbets to bear the brunt
At around 6.30pm swept over the Bungeveld social housing estate in the village of Budingen
Major damage was caused to the homes there and the roofs of several houses were torn off
The emergency services and council workers carried out an initial clean-up operation
Residents whose home have been made uninhabitable were given shelter in a local community centre
While most of those unable to return to their homes were able to find shelter with family or friends
a family of 7 has been given temporary accommodation at a hotel in the nearby Limburg town of Sint-Truiden
in Geetbets around a dozen homes in several streets were damaged by the tornado
The fractured logic and mystifying images that appear in dreams can be downright bizarre for anyone
But one of the hallmarks of pregnancy seems to be the onset of dreams that are unnervingly intense or that seem stranger than usual
Studies have found that pregnant women reported more nightmares and more intense dreams than nonpregnant women
and that women in the last trimester of their pregnancies described more frequent nightmares during that stage than during the earlier trimesters
What is it about pregnancy that causes troubled dreaming? Turns out, it has to do with troubled sleeping. [7 Mind-Bending Facts About Dreams]
you enter the first REM stage after about 70 to 90 minutes
and REM sleep occurs several times during the night as your sleep cycle repeats
As you dream
your brain is actively sorting through recent experiences and emotions
and dreaming is thought to play a role in memory consolidation and processing new information
a physician and assistant professor of sleep medicine at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
But if a person's sleep cycle is broken and they wake up during a REM stage
they would be more likely to vividly recall what they're dreaming — and pregnant women often experience disturbed sleep at different pregnancy stages
an OB-GYN and clinical instructor at Northwestern Medicine in Chicago
"Rising progesterone levels in the first trimester can trigger insomnia — that's fairly common," Levitt told Live Science
That usually abates at 12 to 16 weeks into the pregnancy
brings increasing physical discomfort that can disrupt nighttime rest
Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox
Restless legs syndrome
a disorder that causes an intense urge to move the legs
can also manifest during pregnancy and interrupt much-needed sleep
Frequent sleep disruption increases the likelihood of waking up during the REM stage of the sleep cycle
"Lower sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, more interruptions during sleep: These all can increase the likelihood of remembering dreams," he said. [Is 'Pregnancy Brain' Real?]
and found that they reported nightmares more than twice as often as women who were not pregnant
and that those nightmares were often baby-related
Another study, published in June 2014 in the journal Sleep Medicine
surveyed 57 pregnant women who were in the last trimester of their pregnancies; 32 percent described having weekly nightmares
and 21 percent reported more than one nightmare per week
Levitt experienced nightmarish dreaming firsthand during her own pregnancy
when she dreamed that she gave birth to a litter of puppies
"I think it's based on things people might worry about on a day-to-day basis
A lot of the daytime fears that we walk around with tend to reveal themselves in dreams at night."
Original article on Live Science
Mindy WeisbergerSocial Links NavigationLive Science ContributorMindy Weisberger is an editor at Scholastic and a former Live Science channel editor and senior writer
Mindy studied film at Columbia University; prior to Live Science she produced
wrote and directed media for the American Museum of Natural History in New York City
biodiversity and evolution appear in museums and science centers worldwide
earning awards such as the CINE Golden Eagle and the Communicator Award of Excellence
Her writing has also appeared in Scientific American
The Washington Post and How It Works Magazine
Her book "Rise of the Zombie Bugs: The Surprising Science of Parasitic Mind Control" will be published in spring 2025 by Johns Hopkins University Press
May's full 'Flower Moon' will be a micromoon
The event is the first of its kind organised by the local government and aims to tackle loneliness and dementia in the rapidly ageing country
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'We still have hope': Searching for quake survivors in MandalayThe BBC speaks to people in Mandalay close to where Myanmar's deadly 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck.
BBC Verify: What satellite images reveal about Myanmar's quakeMyanmar's military government says at least 2,000 people were killed in last week's 7.7 magnitude quake.
Nurses cling on to newborn babies during earthquakeFriday's powerful earthquake in Myanmar was also felt in Ruili, a border city in neighbouring China.
'Nothing is left' - Myanmar's capital reels from earthquakeThe BBC is in Myanmar's capital Nay Pyi Taw to see the destruction caused by the devastating earthquake.
Watch: Rescuers dig through pile of concrete after Bangkok tower collapseDozens of workers were trapped when the building collapsed after a huge earthquake hit neighbouring Myanmar.
Myanmar earthquake: Moment rescuers pull woman alive from rubbleRescuers in Myanmar were cheered as they carried 30-year-old Phyu Lay Khaing away on a stretcher.
'We told each other to run': Survivors recount Bangkok building collapseDozens remain unaccounted for after the 33-storey building, which was under construction, gave way on Friday when a powerful earthquake struck neighbouring Myanmar.
Watch: Moment baby is born on Bangkok street after quake evacuationA woman was seen giving birth to a baby shortly after evacuating from a hospital.
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the makeup artist will often say something like: ‘Oh
The tattoo spells out his daughter’s name: Maude
“we like to think Maude is right there with us.”
and all that seemed wrong with her at first was a bad cough
the hospital sent the family home; Clara put Maude into her cot for the night
but when Jason went into her room a few hours later
she was cold – and he knew instantly she was dead
in which the immune system reacts to an infection by going into overdrive
attacking the body’s own tissues and causing organ failure
Photograph: Jason WatkinsLosing Maude altered everything for the couple
and a part alongside Diane Keaton in the movie Hampstead
him!” straightaway when I show them his picture
But he was less established in 2011 – and Clara
So their daughter’s death plunged them into financial difficulties
He had been about to start in a West End play
and initially tried to continue but found it was utterly impossible to do so
is one of the many unacknowledged difficulties of loss
“Suddenly there was no money – so on top of everything else
he can hardly believe he went back to work so quickly – he began filming on the sitcom Trollied four months after Maude’s death
“There was a day on set when they had a baby doll
the doll was just left lying there – I had to ask someone to take it away.”
We are chatting in the couple’s north London flat
While he hurried back to work after Maude’s death
Clara says she was incapable of anything but existing for a long time afterwards
“because he could go out and he could be someone else
I couldn’t not think about Maude – she was all I thought about for the whole of the first year
I don’t think there was a second in that time when I wasn’t trying to process what had happened.”
“The first day I just cried and cried: there was a puddle of tears on the desk
But of course what I really wanted was to have Maude back
However desperate you are feeling, there are always ways in which you can get helpOne of the things that helped Clara and Jason cope after Maude’s death was being part of a support group for bereaved parents called Slow (Surviving the Loss of Your World)
“There were things we could say in the group that we couldn’t say to one another,” says Jason
Now they are hoping to pass on some of what they have learned through Jason’s new role as patron of Child Bereavement UK
“Losing a child is totally overwhelming: you have no idea how you are going to carry on
how you will look after your other children
and how you will keep your marriage together,” he says (he has two adult sons from his first marriage as well as his children with Clara)
there are always ways in which you can get help
in the immediate aftermath of Maude’s death
and he said: ‘What is death?’ And we wanted to kill him – because what we wanted was for someone to say it’s all going to be all right
Now we know he was right – it was so hard to hear at the time
but now we know Maude lives on in our memory.”
They have campaigned for sepsis to be more widely understood
An inquest into Maude’s death concluded that no clinical mistakes were made
“It struck me that a system of care that didn’t acknowledge the possibility of a fatal condition was not fit for purpose,” says Jason – and he became involved with the UK Sepsis Trust
It recommends that any child presenting at a GP’s surgery or at A&E should be tested for the condition if they have or have had an infection of any kind
The trust’s campaign brought about a resolution in May from the UN and a global sepsis awareness campaign
and far less concerned about what she would consider the small stuff of parenting
“I don’t care about how well Bessie does; I’m not going to drive her nuts saying
She and Jason worry about the effect on Bessie of Maude’s death; the two little girls shared a room
Bessie would see Clara crying and say to her: “You’ve still got me
it’s like this massive red dot in front of you,” says Jason
it’s always going to be there; it will never disappear
and that’s the right way and the only way for things to be.”
Child Bereavement UK supports families and educates professionals when a child dies or is dying, or when a child is facing bereavement, childbereavementuk.org. Slow is at slowgroup.co.uk
Si están pensando en agregar uno o varios nuevos juegos a su colección de PlayStation les podemos decir que justo ahora es un gran momento para hacerlo ya que hay dos interesantes promociones activas en PlayStation Store
La Promoción Infaltables en tu Colección estará disponible hasta el 3 de marzo a las 8:00 AM Hora del Pacífico
mientras que la Promoción Éxito en Japón la encontrarán hasta el 6 de marzo
A continuación pueden ver la lista completa de juegos en oferta en estas ventas especiales:
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La Liga Profesional de Fútbol del Ecuador presentó este martes el calendario de juego de la LigaPro Ecuabet 2024
también se pudo conocer las fechas en las cuales se disputarán los dos ‘Clásicos del Astillero’ de la temporada regular
Así se jugarán los partidos más importantes del fútbol ecuatoriano para la temporada 2024:
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Zac Van Tienen can most likely be found at Flamingos Dance Bar
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Sudoku and TriviaAll articles from the other regional websites in your areaContinueBut you probably wouldn’t recognise him
From the tip of his painstakingly styled wig to the heels of his stilettos
Van Tienen will have transformed into his drag queen alter-ego
A resident queen at Tasmania’s most high-profile gay bar
the Launceston local hears one word used most often to describe his on-stage persona: fierce.
feelings and emotions that I don’t get to express in everyday life,” he said.
is a junior doctor at the Launceston General Hospital.
in funhouse mirror images of the whole person he is.
“You’re never going to get a standing ovation or a round of applause or laughter when you’re on the ward,” he said.
there might be the odd occasion,” he laughed
“[Drag] is something that’s so far removed from what I do in my day-to-day that I get a second wind if I go home and do something completely different
I don’t feel tired at the end of the day if I’m going to do that.”
Drag as an art form is experiencing an explosion of popularity at the moment
thanks in no small part to TV show RuPaul’s Drag Race, which draws 1.2 million viewers per episode.
But it might be helpful for the non-RuPaul fan to provide some definitions
The primary purpose of drag is to provide escapism. The performer gets to embody a larger-than-life character
and the audience gets to have a damn good time.
It is not compulsory to be gay to be a drag queen
but drag queens are gay men the vast majority of the time
and drag is intrinsically tied to LGBTQI culture
and the strength of community among the different.
drag queens – men who dress in stereotypically female costuming in spectacular fashion – are a completely different subculture to transgender people – men and women who identify as being of the opposite gender of the body they were born with
Drag gently skewers the very concept of gender, while celebrating femininity and gender expression
It revels in embracing the diversity and multi-faceted nature of gender
there are also drag kings – women who dress as caricatured versions of men.
The first time he saw it was an experience Van Tienen will never forget.
“I saw what it did for the people doing drag
and also what it did for the community - the excitement
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Contact her at frances.vinall@examiner.com.au
Frances Vinall is a journalist at The Examiner
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