Please help us improve PreventionWeb by taking this brief survey
Your input will allow us to better serve the needs of the DRR community
See the survey
Swiss Re's latest sigma report reveals that catastrophes resulted in global economic losses of USD 280 billion in 2023
above the previous 10-year average of USD 89 billion
we estimate that the insurance loss burden from catastrophes has more than doubled over the last 30 years
And as climate change and trends such as urbanisation continue
the contribution of more frequent and severe weather events to losses looks set to rise in the future
we estimate that insurance losses could double in the space of just a decade
the main driver of the accumulation of insured losses in 2023 was event frequency
there were 142 insured-loss inducing catastrophes last year (as per the sigma threshold)
annual global insured losses (inflation-adjusted) of more than USD 100 billion have become standard
The fastest growing category of catastrophes is "medium-severity events"
defined as events causing losses of USD 1-5 billion
Most of this category comes under severe convective storms (SCS) - the umbrella term for a range of hazards including tornadoes and significant hail incidents
SCS have collectively become the second largest loss causing peril
SCS-insured losses were USD 64 billion - another new high
an increasingly bright spotlight is being shone on Europe
While the vast majority of SCS losses (85%) last year originated in the US
where SCS losses have topped USD 5 billion in each of the last three years
Italy in particular experienced the destructive power of hail when a series of SCS hit the densely populated northern areas of the country
causing insured losses of USD 5.5 billion - the highest ever for a SCS event in Europe on sigma records
Italy also set new records from a hazard severity perspective
with documented hailstone diameters of up to 16 cm
in one case even 19 cm - the largest ever reported in Europe
these impacts have flagged that it is perhaps time to adjust associated risk assessment
with the severity of the losses having come as a shock to the industry - particularly given that insurance penetration in the residential sector is still relatively low
Europe experienced the largest total economic losses from all catastrophes of any continent
Of the total USD 280 billion recorded globally
The earthquake in Turkey and Syria was the biggest humanitarian disaster of the year
the quake struck areas of low insurance penetration where roughly 90% of the economic losses were not covered - a dramatic reminder of the protection gaps that many people across the world face
Slovenia equally garnered significant attention last year
with extreme floods having occurred across the country following relentless rainfall in early August
According to a report from the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO)
typical historic amounts of precipitation for the whole of August fell in just a few hours in some areas
with record or near-record daily rainfall totals having been measured in several locations on 4 August
it is estimated that insured losses associated with the flooding were close to EUR 350 million
the scale of the disaster is unprecedented in Slovenia's history
with roughly two thirds of the country having been affected
The Slovenia example serves as a distinct wake up call
demonstrating the potential scale of the impacts that floods can cause - particularly in urban areas
Greece was also exposed to the costliest event in its history from floods resulting from Storm Daniel
the worst rainfall event in the country's recorded history
the insured losses from large floods in urban areas in Europe reached almost USD 5 billion
and across the world pushed inundation-related insured losses to USD 14 billion in 2023
The latest Swiss Re sigma report confirms that hailstorms are by far the largest contributor to insured losses from SCS
hailstones can inflict significant damage to roofs
solar panels and other property features such as skylights and slat blinds
internal structures and building contents can also be impacted
hail can cause dents and structural deformations to vehicles
potentially triggering expensive repair costs and a rise in motor claims
These risks signal the need for mitigation
one of the difficulties in SCS risk modelling is that susceptibility to damage not only depends on building age or occupancy type
but it is also shaped by parameters that are often not provided in exposure data
For a more accurate assessment of vulnerability
and the lack of building codes for hail in many regions needs to be addressed
Catastrophe insurance claims have outpaced GDP growth over many years
increasing the loss burden to society and raising challenges to insurance affordability
And losses are only set to further increase in a world of fast evolving risk landscapes underpinned by economic growth
the associated accumulation of assets that need insuring
and intensifying hazards for certain perils and regions due to climate change effects
For the insurance industry to better deal with the loss developments of today and prepare for the weather of tomorrow
exposure modelling has to be done on the basis of up-to-date and more detailed exposure data
the initial estimation of a catastrophe loss event should not only be based on historical event data
but also reflect current insured values and inflation parameters at the time of the loss
The "loss creep" we have seen in several recent European catastrophe events shows that they have been massively underestimated
driven by an increasing shortage of skilled workers
loss adjusters and experts in addition to rising labour prices following large events
The increase of catastrophe events in Europe and their consequences not only concern the insurance industry
Consequences and measures to be taken require a broader societal effort including individual property owners
and the insurance industry all having a role to play
It is critically important that the necessary steps are taken
The insurance industry will continue to play its role in covering the risks that remain outstanding after mitigation and adaptation actions take effect
Please note: Content is displayed as last posted by a PreventionWeb community member or editor. The views expressed therein are not necessarily those of UNDRR, PreventionWeb, or its sponsors. See our terms of use
Thank you. If you have 2 minutes, we would benefit from additional feedback (link opens in a new window)
PreventionWeb is the global knowledge sharing platform for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience
Last weekend in Germany, ultrarunner Merijn Geerts of Wilsele, Belgium, set a new world best in the quirky backyard ultra format of 90 laps during the Backyard Masters, breaking Harvey Lewis’s record of 85 laps set at the 2021 Big Dog’s Backyard Ultra
This is equivalent to a total of over 600 km
running the same 6.7 km loop every hour on the hour round the clock
with the only rest breaks being the few minutes between finishing one loop and starting the next
The Race is overMerijn Geerts completed the Yard 90 for a distance of 603.500KmNew World RecordKeith Russell returns during Yard 90 for a distance of 596.790
Congratulations Keith on what must be the Best Ever Performance by an Irish UltraRunner. #worldclass #ultrarunning pic.twitter.com/lbw1D2pluB
— John O'Regan (@johnoregan777) May 18, 2022
Geerts broke the record at The Race of the Champions, an invitational in which participants must have qualified with at least 45 laps (300+ km) at a previous backyard ultra.
In the backyard ultra ultra racing format, only runners who finish the lap within the hour cutoff are allowed to start the next lap. When the second-last participant either quits or fails to finish a lap in time, the final runner must complete one more lap to claim victory.
A post shared by Merijn Geerts (@merijngeerts)
There were four men still in the race after 62 laps; Norway’s Jon Asphjell was the first to drop
then Japan’s Terumichi Morishata dropped shortly after
Ireland’s Keith Russell and Geerts remained active for another 12 laps
until Russell finally dropped out after 89 laps and Geerts managed to complete his 90th lap
Both Russell and Geerts went well over Lewis’s previous record of 85 laps
Russell started running in 2016 with his daughter Alanna
who had spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy
Geerts previously completed 74 laps and 496 km at this event in 2020. He was also the runner-up at the Backyard Ultra World Cup for the Belgian national team where Belgium won, and Karel Sabbe improved the backyard world record to 75 laps
Get the digital edition of Running for your chosen platform:
bpost’s Lueven Ecozone has been expanded to include Kessel-Lo
meaning all territories in the City of Leuven now received sustainable deliveries – a total of 103,000 inhabitants
which has been offering a network of 52 pickup points with zero-emission letter and parcel deliveries in Leuven city center and Heverlee since April 2022
will now use electric vehicles and bikes for all delivery rounds in the region
Within just a few months of the launch of the Ecozone in 2022, the number of home deliveries had decreased by 6% and that figure continues to fall
The number of home deliveries in Leuven is currently 9% lower than the pre-Ecozone figure
and an in-house bpost study shows that Leuven performs well in terms of sustainable deliveries at Belgium level
with almost one in four parcels delivered to pickup points
Jos Donvil, CEO bpost Belgium, commented, “Sustainable urban logistics is an important driver of accessibility and quality of life in cities
That’s why bpost is investing heavily in zero-emission mail deliveries and a dense network of pickup points
which depend on a dense network of pickup points and zero-emission deliveries
allow us to substantially reduce the ecological impact of our activities
What began as a pilot project in 2020 has grown into one of our most impressive achievements on our way to net-zero emissions by 2040.”
The expanded Leuven Ecozone will see all mail delivered from the Philipssite Mailcenter using 12 electric bikes with trailers and 65 electric cars
bpost and the City of Leuven are also investigating the feasibility of new parcel locker locations in these suburbs
We are hoping for the same outcome in the three suburbs.”
bpost has now launched its Ecozone model in 15 cities and 36 postcode (ZIP) zones
Nigeria and Australia were also hit by devastating flood events
To better manage these risks and build more resilient communities
detailed and accurate flood hazard and flood risk maps are essential
Flood hazard maps identify areas affected by floods of different probabilities
They provide valuable information about the predicted flood depth and flow velocity
present the potential impact of floods on human health and life
The maps are a key instrument for integrated flood risk management
They are an important tool for raising awareness about areas at risk of flooding and for helping communities develop strategies for reducing these risks through structural and non-structural measures
Civil protection and first responders can use the maps to plan emergency response and the insurance industry refers to the maps and the underlying data to design flood insurance products
The maps are also essential for land-use planning and urban development to avoid creating new risks
Bulgaria and Romania are two countries that have taken a leap forward in modernizing their approaches to flood mapping. The World Bank supported both countries to update their national flood hazard and risk maps (FHRM) as part of the drive to implement the second cycle of the EU Floods Directive
This Directive provides an overall framework for integrated flood risk management and requires EU Member States to (i) identify Areas of Potential Significant Flood Risk (APSFRs)
(ii) assess in detail flood hazard and risk and prepare flood maps
and (iii) develop flood risk management plans with programs of measures to tackle the flood risk
FHRMs have been developed for different sources of flooding including fluvial
coastal flooding for all identified APSFRs
Image 1: The Bulgarian FHRM Web Portal
Image 2: The Romanian FHRM Web Portal
Developing accurate hazards maps requires vast amounts of input data ranging from spatial data (e.g.
digital terrain models and cross sections of rivers)
as well information on the existing hydrotechnical infrastructure and their operational rules
This information feeds into hydrological and hydrodynamic models to simulate how flooding spreads across the landscape
Modeling is carried out for synthetic flood events with low
flood events that statistically occur once every 1000 years
once every 100 years and once every 10 or 20 years
Both Romania and Bulgaria have invested heavily in improving the input data
new digital elevation models for an area of around 28,000km2 were produced using data from airborne LiDAR - a remote sensing method using planes to survey the elevation - and measurements from more than 33,000 river cross sections
aerial photogrammetry mapping carried out alongside field surveys to collect additional data related to river cross sections and hydraulic structures
produced new maps covering an area of over 2,500km2
Modeling was completed with sophisticated free and commercial software
mainly two-dimensional modeling with unsteady flow
both countries also examined a climate change scenario
Image 3: Example of a Bulgarian Flood Hazard Map
information on the elements exposed to flooding is needed
This includes information about the population and their housing
social infrastructure such as schools and hospitals
protected areas and other types of assets and natural elements
The flood risk maps use a qualitative approach to identify areas of low
More detailed risk maps that use a quantitative approach present the potential risk in monetized damages per square meter
This detailed information is used to calculate the economics of various investments in flood risk management using cost-benefit and multicriteria analysis
orthophotos - aerial photographs or satellite imagery geometrically corrected such that the scale is uniform - of all APSFR were digitalized using innovative machine learning algorithms to identify and categorize all exposed elements
Floods can cause different degrees of damage for different categories of elements (residential buildings
A relationship between the depths of the flooding and the damage was determined for each category and monetized for different sectors
Bulgaria followed a similar approach using an advanced geographic information system algorithm to perform risk analysis based on the results from the hydraulic modeling
the FHRMs were presented to key stakeholders for review and validation
the maps were formally reported to the European Commission and published on the internet for all citizens
The new FHRMs are now being used in both countries to identify and prioritize non-structural and structural measures
ranging from nature-based solutions to various structural solutions to be integrated into new flood risk management plans
The development of these maps is an important step forward in flood risk management for Bulgaria and Romania
the flood mapping approaches developed here can serve as a model for other countries dealing with flood risks around the world
Image 4: Risk Map as presented in the Romanian Web Viewer
Experts urge gardeners to check their hedge before they set to work
The Asian hornet nests were well-hidden in the hedges
The Flemish Bee Institute is now warning gardeners and garden workers to check carefully whether there are any Asian hornet nests in bushes or hedges before they start pruning
a wasp-like species is on the rise in Belgium and has a habit of making primary nests at this time of year," says René De Backer
The danger is that people who want to trim the hedge come into contact with the nests
The Asian hornet feels threatened and attacks people
three serious incidents occurred when garden workers were at work pruning
The most serious incident happened in Reet (Antwerp Province)
was stung several times while trimming a hedge
"Apparently there was a nest of Asian hornets in the hedge
and they attacked me and stung me about six times," Johan told VRT
"I immediately started getting very itchy
and experienced a stuffy feeling in my throat
My head also became very hot." Johan had to go to hospital
hung me on a drip and administered injections
Two people were also attacked in Flemish Brabant Province last week
a municipal worker was attacked by worker hornets
Then someone was stung by Asian hornets in Begijnendijk
but that person did not have to go to hospital," says De Backer
The Flemish Bee Institute is warning municipal garden departments: "Abroad
there have already been fatalities during pruning work
so we advise everyone to look around carefully first
to see if Asian hornets or nests are present
The primary nests are about the size of a basketball
They are light brown and they look like big paper balls."
People who see a nest of Asian hornets should not try to deal with it themselves
but contact the fire brigade or a specialised company