Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2022.1060182 This article is part of the Research TopicIntegrating Physical and Social Sciences towards the Sustainable Development GoalsView all 7 articles The 2030 Agenda framework represents an opportunity for the co-development of local indicators and shares the same principles of cross-sectoral integration and universality as the water–energy–food nexus This research aimed to develop a quantitative-collaborative methodology for constructing indicators and indexes for the sustainability of the Cerrado and Caatinga Brazilian biomes considering the connection and synergies between the Nexus perspective and the 2030 Agenda’s SDG–target framework The study was applied in 2,512 municipalities that make up the total of the mentioned biomes The methodology consists of four major blocks: i) identification and construction of indicators based on the association of them with one or more 2030 Agenda’s targets in a collaborative way from expert groups; ii) generation of weights by an indicator considering leverage according to the number of target assignments attributed by experts for each indicator to the target; iii) generation of sustainable development goal indexes considering the performance of the SDGs; Nexus performance considering different weights between the SDGs; Nexus synergistic the standard deviation between the SDGs; and Nexus overall a combination of the last two; and iv) sensitivity analysis for performance indexes considering the assignment of zero values to the governance indicators northern and western of Cerrado and the Caatinga The targets that respond to this inequality are related to eradicating hunger sustainable and climate-resilient production systems and the participation of renewable energies We found that in areas of better average nexus performance there is also greater inequality between nexus dimensions; therefore The federal units and areas with the worst Nexus dimension performances and with insufficient governance measures are north and northwest of Bahia and municipalities bordering the State of Tocantins—food; Maranhão and Piauí Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba—water; and Maranhão and more sparsely in Paraíba—energy Global environmental changes have proportions never experienced by humanity, and they are increasingly affecting critical resources such as water, energy, and food. The discussion around the Anthropocene idea [1, 2] put in perspective the global linkages between environmental changes and their associated food, water, and energy securities [3, 4] Since 2016, the 2030 Agenda has represented a milestone in international sustainability governance. For the first time, the international community has agreed on a comprehensive, binding, and concrete system of goals and targets to guide global transformation toward sustainability [19]. Although implementing the 17 SDGs has many challenges (e.g., high diversity and complexity of SDG goals [20] lack of governing capacity associated with policymakers and lack of tools and indicators to assess progress toward goals) there is an opportunity to combine the SDG with Nexus approaches Integrating SDGs with the Nexus approach allows for co-development of actionable knowledge toward problem-solving while achieving multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) [14]. The Nexus approach and SDGs share the same principles of cross-sectoral integration and universality, as achieving a target cannot occur at the expense of another [21, 22] Although Brazilian research has leadership with Nexus approach studies and SDGs, contributions to social sciences remain marginal as it prioritizes other topics, such as hydroelectric energy and biofuels, with works on efficiency, optimization, modeling, and technological innovation [23–25] Brazil is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change as it heavily depends on agricultural and mineral commodities. The implementation of SDGs and Nexus approaches is particularly demanding in Brazil, where “insufficiently understood interactions within the Nexus are contributing to large-scale deforestation and land-use change, water and energy scarcity, and increased vulnerability to climate change” [30] Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes are the ones that have suffered the most pressure associated with fewer conservation policies, such as, respectively, speculation on agricultural frontiers, especially industrial agriculture and cattle-intensive livestock farming [31, 32], and countryside human density, lash-and-burn agriculture, overgrazing by livestock, and firewood collection [33, 34] The climate change scenarios point to the replacement of tropical forests by tropical savannas and aridization of parts of Northeast Brazil a region mainly represented by the Caatinga biome This study aims to contribute to the literature by presenting a quantitative-collaborative methodology for constructing indicators and indexes for sustainability of the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, considering the connection and synergies between the Nexus perspective and the 2030 Agenda’s SDG–target framework. This study is part of a scientific project called Nexus [35] The study area comprises municipalities totally or partially covered by the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes considering the 2005 delimitation of the MMA It represents 2,512 municipalities (45% of the total Brazilian municipalities) These municipalities are the unit of analysis for this work considering the 2018 municipal grid of the IBGE composed of the Cerrado and Caatinga biome municipalities with emphasis on the Brazilian semi-arid and MATOPIBA regions which evaluates Brazilian municipality progress and challenges for fulfilling the 2030 Agenda deepening the understanding of the nexus in a broad and synoptic way is still a challenge for the municipality scale in Brazil The construction of indicators is one of the main ways of using Nexus analysis to assess progress toward targets, covering 25% of the study cases considered by (11) the aggregation of qualitative and quantitative analysis such as the use of surveys for stakeholders is recommended to provide a broader and deeper understanding of Nexus interactions but only 19% of this approach has been used Another issue to consider is the lack of multidimensional data that deal with the Nexus or sustainability The nations endeavored to achieve Tier 1-type indicators—which are conceptually clear and have a methodology with international standards that are continuously produced—for the 2030 Agenda’s SDGs Construction indicators are associated with a measurement process. It requires a normative exercise: i) a robust conceptual definition; ii) a collection of consistent observations; and iii) an analysis of the relationship between the observed data and the concept that the indicator is expected to measure [57] which is often complex (an indicator always expresses something more significant and not just its value); ii) standardization of communication for a specific or broader audience; and iii) generally whether this is a range of reference values or targets to be pursued Indexes are latent variables of reality, and they are not the result of direct observations. Hence, the literature mentions two aspects of latent variables, namely, reflexive and formative [58] the index concept determines the choice and the construction of the indicators that generate it the index concept results from the performance of the indicators that form it which are detailed below in methodological terms Two team structures developed this study in the Nexus Project: Analysis and Development for Sustainability Indicators Laboratory (Ladis-lab) (https://www.ladis-inpe.com/) and the Nexus project’s research team The first one was composed of eight researchers who were responsible for development of activities and validation of results The second one was composed of about 30 researchers who were part of the consulting expert body and some of them are distributed along the research or educational institutions of the Cerrado and Caatinga This section presents the definition of concepts that will guide the selection and construction of indicators, semantic values, and weights and their compositions in indexes. It requires an abstraction process that must consider the socio-cultural, geographical, and historical context [58]. Following [58] the conceptual definition process will allow identifying and defining: i) the model for data construction; ii) the spatial and temporal ambit of observation; iii) the aggregation levels (among indicators and/or among observation units); and iv) the models allowing interpretation and evaluation This work uses the framework of the 2030 Agenda as the basis for data construction, composed of SGDs, targets, and monitoring indicators. We follow the adapted Brazilian targets by the IPEA [24] The spatial and temporal scales are the 2,512 municipalities This time range considers the two more recent Brazilian censuses the 2010 Demographic Census and the 2017 Agricultural Census The aggregation of indicators—the composition indexes—follows three levels Considering that the 2030 Agenda indicators must meet the pre-established SDGs this work brought a reflexive approach to assembling indexes The search for an initial set of variables concerns the direct relationship of indicators with one or more Brazilian goals adapted from the 2030 Agenda [24] Starting from the collaborative basis on which we developed this study we seek to involve a greater number of researchers in the Nexus project to embrace a great diversity of areas of knowledge among the researchers on the Nexus project’s research team The variable selection processes start with two meetings to identify Thematic Expert Groups among the Nexus project’s research team This group identifies the variables that could respond directly to one or more targets Eight Thematic Expert Groups were proposed greenhouse gases and biogeochemical cycles The researchers of the project Nexus produced variables from secondary data or primary sources The assignment of the targets underwent a review by the Ladis-lab group for conceptual standardization Each Thematic Group’s experts wrote descriptions and metadata details for each indicator under their responsibility (e.g. The Ladis-lab group revised the metadata with indicator usefulness for sustainability and information about the type of indicator—whether of state or governance—that will be used for the sensitivity stage This stage comprises the construction of variables to indicators in a quantitative way The Ladis-lab team carried out the procedures for the quantitative construction of indicators in this stage and the following stages some pre-processing of the variables is necessary such as i) transformation of the value of the variables to the municipal geographical limits; ii) treatment of outliers; iii) transformation of highly skewed variables; and iv) pointing out whether the ordering values ​​are arranged in direct (higher values mean more sustainable) or inverse (lower values mean more sustainable) orderings The data are from the 2010 decade as a time range and the municipal limits are from the year 2018 according to the IBGE municipal grid of that year the Thematic Expert Groups made the data values ​​available within this grid or square root transformations were tested Concerning the normalization procedure, two strategies were applied: one for direct and another for inverse ordering [65]. Eqs 3, 4 present the calculations for the normalizations whose sense of the indicator is direct and inverse concerning sustainability It is worth mentioning some exceptions: i) binary variables whose values were only “no” or “yes”; were mapped to values such as 0.3 and 0.7 representing the lowest and highest values for sustainability respectively; and ii) some outliers were kept in a few variables; otherwise it would stress information that is far from reality also considering the lower consistency of the data that are part of the indicator (e.g. many missing values) and the representativeness concerning the target Deleting an indicator from one SDG implies removing it from the entire dataset and This stage focuses on the composition of information levels for construction indexes The proposed indexes are the following: Target index The composition of indicators to create indexes in this work was performed by assigning weights for each indicator and according to each target we computed a leverage weight for each indicator and later assigned it for each indicator by targeting a response weight for these specific assignments—target response weights The target response weights are associated with the indicator response capacity to what the target proposes in consultation with the Thematic Expert Groups assigns weights from 0 to 0.6 for each indicator by the target the total weight (w) of each indicator j was given by the sum of the leverage weight and the target response weight We produced indexes for each target, SDG, and Nexus based on the total weights. The target indexes were calculated by the weighted average among the municipality values (xi) of each indicator (j) and their respective weights for each indicator (wj) that made up the target (t) according to Eq. 6 (target index) The indexes of each SDG (SDG Index) were calculated by the average between their respective TI, followed by normalization with winsorization outlier treatment, according to Eq. 7 TABLE 1. Weights assigned to each SDG2 in the performance Nexus index The Nexus Overall index (NOI) represents the join of the NPI and the NSI. The NOI is a weighted average, being attributed a greater weight to NPI (1.5) and a lower weight to NSI (1.0), followed by normalization according to the previous equations, as shown in Eq. 10 the analysis of uncertainties related to the presence and absence of certain groups of indicators was prioritized According to Section 2.2.2—Variable selection—each variable was assigned by state type which represents the governance measures to improve the current situation Such improvement measures can have different dimensions We consider that the governance aspect can be decisive in the trajectory to achieve different targets of the SDG and public policies in Brazil have high volatility according to interests and candidacy lobbies indicators of this nature bring high uncertainty the SDGR and the raw NPI—not normalized—(NPIR) were evaluated for sensitivity analysis in relation to the absence of governance by attributing zero values to all governance indicators For SDGR sensitivity analysis, SDGR with state and governance indicators (SDGR) and SDGR with governance indicator values equal to zero (SDGSR) were considered, followed by the subtraction of the first one by the second one for all municipalities, performing the SDG sensitivity analysis to the governance indicators (SensitivitySDG/Gov), according to Eq 11 For NPIR sensitivity analysis, we also considered the subtraction between this index and the governance indicator values equal to zero (NPISR), performing the sensitivity analysis to governance indicators (SensitivityNEXUS/Gov) according to Eq 12 The municipalities with the highest values of these differences are those that would have the greatest loss of performance in their SDG Index and ONI because the governance measures can make a higher contribution to their performance The second case informs about the continuity of governance aspects because the governance indicators are contributing to the SDG Index The third case informs about the need to implement better governance to improve the performance in the SDG Index we can discuss some assumptions: i) the higher or lower comparative values ​​in this SDG are being justified more by indicators of state type than by governance type or ii) few targets that refer to governance or targets with little verification of governance indicators This analysis was carried out to investigate the main performance differences between the two works and to verify the positive points between the works This analysis contributed to assess future perspectives and challenges in improving this work Initially, a total of 137 indicators were identified and built by the eight Thematic Group’s Experts with different quantities, as shown in Figure 3 The groups with few indicators produced them from geoprocessing or biophysical modeling—primary source data—especially the GHG and BGQ cycles The Thematic Group’s experts produced 19 indicators as primary sources and other 118 indicators were built from secondary sources This result is coherent to the 2030 Agenda’s SDG as most of the targets have social or economic aspects which are decisive and transversal to advance environmental and institutional dimensions The supplementary material contains all indicators with their list direct or inverse sense to the sustainability Construction indicator distribution according to Thematic Group Experts All 137 indicators have at least one target. Therefore, the redundancy analysis was performed using all of them. Seven pairs of indicators have similar meanings and correlations greater than or equal to 0.6 or less than or equal to -0.6, according to Table 2 the main criterion for their removal was their small coverage compared to similar indicators in different targets The only exception was “installed capacity in energy self-producers,” whose removal was due to its lower assignment of targets—all of SDG 7—than their similar indicators Selection and exclusion of indicators according to redundancy analysis 130 indicators are available to construct indexes Based on the frequency matrix of indicators by targets ranging from 0.06 (only one target assigned) to 0.40 (six targets assigned) The indicators with the highest leverage aspect (0.4) are “scope of the Bolsa Família program,” “coverage of the Brazilian Cisternas program,” “inadequate households,” “women in formal jobs with more than five minimum wages,” and “measures for reduction of school evasion.” It is noticed that government programs related to eradication of hunger with adequate housing conditions and appreciation of women’s work as they permeate several goals of the 2030 Agenda The distribution of indicators in relation to SDGs and targets is shown in Figure 4 No indicators or representative data at the municipal level for SDG 14 (oceans) are available; therefore and 6 (clean water and sanitation) had the most coverage of indicators in their targets comprising 60% of the attribution of indicators to SDG targets The targets with 10 or more indicators associated with them were 2.3 associating issues such as socio-environmental resilience and public policies to reduce vulnerabilities the indexes were processed according to the average among the targets and thus the number of indicators did not influence the index´s results Proportion of indicator assignment to 2030 Agenda‘s SDGs (inside circumference) and targets (outside circumference) Figure 5 presents the maps of the SDG indexes 2, 6, and 7, which have the highest weight attribution to the Nexus. The maps with other SDG indexes are in Supplementary Material S1 which refer to aspects of eradicating hunger and affordability of food and increasing investment and technical assistance to family farmers which refer to universal and equitable access to water and efficiency of multiple uses of water consumption the Cerrado biome has more favorable energy security apart from the northern portions of the biome The targets that present the most similar patterns with this index are 7.1 and 7.2 related to access to energy services and participation of renewable energies in the national energy matrix there is not much uniformity among federative units or biomes presents the patterns of geographic concentration of underperforming SDG indexes The supplementary material contains all figures as maps of SDG indexes The NPI is shown in Figure 6 There are more vulnerable areas in the Caatinga and in the entire northern and western portion of the Cerrado regarding a greater weighting on the targets and SDGs involving the performance of water The municipalities that comprise the federal units (UFs) of São Paulo and the Federal District are the areas with the best performance in these factors Figure 6 presents the NSI It shows the greatest discrepancies between the dimensions of water This synergistic mismatch is independent of good or bad overall performance greater Nexus dissonances can lead to difficulties in systemic relationships between securities an aggravating factor for long-term sustainability among the Nexus dimensions Some federal units (UFs) in the Cerrado biome comprise the lowest ranges (0–0.4) of the NSI: Minas Gerais (MG) The NOI map, also shown in Figure 6 presents the performance consortium (weight 1.5) and synergy (weight 1) Areas of Minas Gerais and the Federal District lose their performance because they have low synergy between the dimensions of the Nexus it is not possible to observe conclusive patterns the lower performance pattern persists in the Caatinga and in the entire northern and western portion of the Cerrado as they have the greatest vulnerability of the study area The Caatinga is in a semi-arid climate region and demands actions and adaptations to live with this type of climate The SDG 13 presents targets to combat climate change and its impacts and according to the variables and indicators constructed for these targets the region has less capacity for action to reach these targets in relation to the Cerrado Distribution of performance ranges in each of the maps produced by biomes “scope of the Bolsa Família program,” is the one that most contributes to the lower performance in the Cerrado and this indicator considers the total number of households with a monthly household income of up to half the minimum wage between 2012 and 2016 It is worth noting that despite the greater need for the Bolsa Família program application in the most vulnerable regions of the northeast of the country this public policy could be more comprehensive for other areas of the country at least within the temporality of the data the Gini index indicator “Gini index variation,” which considers the percentage of variation between the Gini index between the years 2000 and 2010 the Caatinga and the northeast have a predominance of distribution of low intervals (0–0.4) Table 4 presents an overview of sensitivity analysis results for each SDG Sensitivity analysis patterns for governance indicators for each SDG governance indicators have played a greater role—substantially improving this SDG—in the State of Piauí the portions that have fewer governance mechanisms together with low sustainability values ​​in this SDG and therefore would require more government attention are the north and northwest of Bahia (A) Map of sensitivity analysis to governance indicators for SDG 2 (B) map of sensitivity analysis to governance indicators for SDG 6 and (C) map of sensitivity analysis to governance indicators for SDG 7 the areas with the most investment in governance mechanisms especially in the states of São Paulo and in a more distributed and less evident way in Bahia positive governance contributions have been made to the improvement of this SDG the portions that have fewer governance mechanisms together with low sustainability values ​​in this SDG and therefore would need more governmental attention are the north of the Cerrado the states of Maranhão and Piauí and the northwest part of Goiás; and in the Caatinga the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba the areas with the most investments in governance mechanisms to contribute to the improvement of performance in this SDG are in the Caatinga biome and in the central-eastern area of ​​Piauí the portions that have fewer governance mechanisms along with low sustainability values ​​in this SDG and therefore would need more governmental attention are in the State of Maranhão It is interesting to note that the low values ​​in the north and center of Bahia are not associated with governance indicators only one governance indicator is presented for target 7.b the “percentage of public investment in infrastructure in relation to GDP.” In relation to the sensitivity analysis of governance indicators to the NPI, especially the Caatinga and areas of Piauí, Ceará, Tocantins, Bahia, and northern Minas Gerais present a spatial concentration of the highest governance indicator contributions, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas also have middle governance indicator contribution concentrations (Figure 9) Piauí and Ceará are the only areas with better SDG index performance associated with governance indicator contributions This sensitivity analysis does not verify association patterns of main areas with worsening SDG index performance without contributions from governance indicators the importance of the governance aspect for the maintenance of the sustainability of the two mentioned federal units should not be discarded Sensitivity analysis of governance indicators for the NPI This work found indicators associated with 82 targets of the 2030 Agenda. After calculating the proportion of targets to the Nexus of each municipality, Targets contribution proportions Pr Ti, we compute the average proportion of each target considering all municipalities in the study area to know the most representative targets. Figure 10 presents a set of boxplots of the 20 most representative targets Most of the targets are represented by SDGs 6 which are consistent with the weights assigned to the type of Nexus of the study—WEF Target contribution proportions to the Nexus The Nexus is an approach capable of supporting sustainable development and efficiently implementing the various SDGs and their synergies [72, 73]. However, few works focus on the challenges of sustainable development at the local level, with much of the Nexus analysis being on national or global scales, which underestimates the most significant challenges that occur at minor scales [74] The present work promotes the discussion of the nexus in a more localized way focusing on the municipalities that embed the two most climate vulnerable and susceptible to degradation Brazilian biomes The evaluation of collaboratively built indicators considers the targets and SDGs of the 2030 Agenda framework Such an approach becomes especially relevant considering the Brazilian context of population growth combined with factors such as lack of infrastructure and investments which restrict the paths and political actions capable of guaranteeing sustainability under scenarios of strong demand for natural resources and 7 are the ones that most directly address this issue in the Nexus approach and received greater weight in the present analysis Group D is the most numerous—196 municipalities have low production and social indicators Mato Grosso and west and north of Bahia also have the worst performance values despite having a high agricultural production An important cause for these geographical patterns according to the 2030 Agenda which in this study has greater adherence to targets 2.1 is the issues of affordability to food for the most vulnerable people and food production in a more sustainable Its characteristics cover mostly small properties and often family farms The SDG 2 presents more closely related patterns with SDGs 1 which means these regions also have similar problems of poverty In areas where the performance of the SDG is low and at the same time there is little input from governance greater attention from public policies is needed for these as presented in the results (north and northwest of Bahia and 6.4 are the ones that most represent the SDG 6 index pattern provides some contribution in this regard to the index the most vulnerable areas are in northeast This SDG does not have many similarities with the others because its composite indicators generally had spatial resolutions by federal units and not by the municipality which means the SDG 7’s vulnerable regions also have similar problems of access and sustainable management of water Regarding the 7.1 and 7.2 targets having greater adherence to the SDG 7 index the indicators that most contribute to target 7.1 are “percentage of households without electricity” and “percentage of agricultural establishments that do not use electricity,” and the indicator that most contributes to the target 7.2 is “installed capacity of mini- and micro-distributed energy generation.” These indicators concern aspects of access to energy services and the participation of renewable energies in the national energy matrix Concerning the mentioned SDGs 2, 6, and 7, the SDGs 1, 9, 11, and 12 are more transversal in relation to those. It means that egalitarian economic growth and social responsibility measures in these SDGs will help those SDGs. If we consider a weighted analysis for the nexus with the 20 most important targets, as shown in Figure 10 but it also shows other relevant targets to the Nexus to conservation of continental aquatic systems; environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes and soil; and sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources These targets are related to the environmental dimension which are important as maintenance of ecosystem services to the food The six targets that stand out in the boxplot of this figure are connected to aspects of water and energy access and biological diversity for human nutrition In this section, we performed a comparative analysis with the IDSC-BR initiative as a step of validation expected in our methodology. The IDSC-BR initiative, focused on the 2030 Agenda, combines composite measures and panels to inform policies for achieving integrated goals, a necessary condition for assessing the SDGs [64] Although IDSC-BR is the closest initiative for comparing performance and results for Brazil the methodology has differences that require a parsimonious comparison with Nexus mainly regarding the indicators’ calculation process and the number/type of indicators used to assess each SDG We highlight the differences between the calculation of the indicator; the frequency of indicators in SDGs 2 We further mention some peculiarities and technical information that may contribute to the results of this paper The IDSC-BR uses 100 indicators to assess the distance to achieving the targets of the SDG objectives in the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities [25]. These data come from national public and official sources [25] The index result is then the arithmetic mean of the targets for each of the SDGs This calculation process mentioned previously shows that the values presented by the IDSC-BR do not vary between the minimum and maximum possible making possible comparisons between the indexes of each SDG the IDSC-BR used ascending and descending terms to describe the behavior of the indicators in each municipality based on a historical series while the Nexus works with the average or rates of historical values to produce indicators referring to time series All these methodological choices lead to a different presentation and interpretation of the results The colors of the IDSC-BR maps show how far each Brazilian municipality is from reaching the SDG goal as the goals’ limits are considered in the evaluation the SDG index of this work represents the municipality’s performance during the historical series reflecting its position relative to the others in the theme of each SDG Regarding the frequency differences of indicators and themes for SDG 2 while the Nexus compiles 40 focused on the environmental dimension related to eradicating hunger and sustainable agriculture there are five indicators used in IDSC-BR and 25 in the Nexus The first focus is mainly on basic sanitation (i.e. while the present work also includes water quality indicators environmental aspects related to the maintenance of water resources IDSC-BR utilizes two indicators and Nexus 9 focusing on the first being accessible energy Our index also evaluates clean energy when working with indicators such as charcoal and firewood extraction and electricity production from different sources while the SDG index presents counties with high values The contradiction can be explained by the scope of the indicators used in the Nexus and the frequency of indicators related to sustainable agricultural production and public governance mechanisms in agriculture is higher than that of indicators related to food security and policies to eradicate hunger Analyzing the SDG index and the IDSC-BR for the SDG 6 the similarities are concentrated in the southeast region where access to clean water and sanitation is greater than in the IDSC-BR Marked differences can be observed between the indexes for the Caatinga and the northern portion of the Cerrado biome in which the IDSC-BR presents many red municipalities with challenges to reach SDG 6 fullness the SDG index shows a heterogeneous distribution of values we punctuate that differences are related to the more holistic view of the nexus approach against the IDSC-BR one mainly related to the protection and use of water resources the indices for the SDG 7 showed agreement where municipalities with the lowest performance in the Caatinga and the border regions between the two biomes show a predominance of access to electricity in the southeast of the country The following factors explain the discrepancy in the use of indicators which also reflect on the following possible evaluations: 1) the calculation method of the SDG indexes in this work is based on the adherence of the indicators to the goals and SDGs allowing an indicator to be considered relevant to more than one goal or SDG; 2) the conceptual/theoretical model that supports the choice and construction of indicators differs between projects—while the IDSC-BR intends to equip municipal public management to comply with the 2030 Agenda—choosing one indicator per target—the NIP is based on the transition to sustainability anchored in the water–energy–food nexus with adherence to the SDG indexes built on these pillars; 3) we propose the NOI that integrates synergistic information from the ODS indexes as the Nexus cannot be seen only as the sum of performances This methodological perspective enables the Nexus to assess the scope of the 2030 Agenda for the municipalities studied with thematic foci more relevant to a chain of impacts in the water–energy–food triad which needs to be more deeply analyzed or the focus of the IDSC-BR We also highlight some similarities between the results but the lowest values ​​are concentrated in all northeast states while in the NPI the lowest values ​​are also in the northeast the concentration of the worst values ​​is present in smaller areas in the central area of Maranhão and Bahia in the sub-middle stretch region of the São Francisco River The SDGs have many transversal targets, and therefore, there are repetitions of indicators among them, in addition to having greater availability of data from secondary sources for the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes; for instance, from IBGE, ANA, and DataSUS [103] it was affirmed that some challenges faced in Brazil to produce the SDG environmental indicators are Institutional fragility in the production of part of the primary environmental information because some of the information may not have continuity assured The spreading of information by many institutions implies the expenditure of time in obtaining and gathering information Some statistics depend on the effort spent obtaining the information and the intensity and scope of the surveys such as those dependent on the efforts made by inspecting environmental and policy agencies Part of the environmental information produced is point and “snapshot” values which raises the question of how to transform them into national indicators produced by state and municipal environmental agencies whose objective is to provide data for monitoring Irregularity in producing environmental information making it challenging to create time series The methodology presented is also situated in the field of socio-environmental perception studies uncertainty is pertinent because there are inherent value judgments and because many targets are broad meaning and their interpretation can be compatible with many indicators there is a difficulty in selecting and qualifying indicators in relation to broad targets apart from the values ​​of the variables reflects the perception of the group of experts in the years 2020–2021 it is worth noting that the group consulted is made up of researchers who deal with the social and environmental issues of the Nexus Project the use of indicators considering only normalization techniques leaves aside issues of target interpretation The trajectory to achieve the SDGs goes through the interpretation of these by managers which are in some way monitored by indicators this methodology can also be seen as a way for a collective to understand which indicators best respond to assess the sustainability trajectory from the point of view of the 2030 Agenda and the Nexus The next challenge for this workgroup is i) to expand the scope to the national level; ii) encompass two historical moments because the 2022 Brazilian demographic census will be launched; iii) include geographic clusters for different normalization by indicator categories; iv) include target reference measures as the IDSC did; v) include more experts and regional stakeholders for the selection and weighting indicators; and vi) research possible validations with real situation The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author especially writing the geographical area of study section writing discussion and review of the manuscript PD contributed to the review of the manuscript SP contributed to the review of the manuscript JO contributed to the review of the manuscript funding acquisition and project administration The funding was provided by “FAPESP,” project number: 2017/22269-2 and funding from the Research Support Foundation of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP) for the Nexus Project (Transition to sustainability and the water–agriculture–energy nexus: exploring an integrative approach Cerrado e Caatinga biomes study cases) (Project number FAPESP 2017/22269-2) The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2022.1060182/full#supplementary-material 1This range was determined from observations of cutoff points with the number of indicators that would be excluded indicating that there should not be many exclusions related to this factor 2Short SDG descriptions: Goal 1: Poverty eradication—end poverty in all its forms everywhere achieve food security and improved nutrition Goal 3: Good health and wellbeing—ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages Goal 4: ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Goal 5: Gender equality—achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation—ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy—ensure access to affordable Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth—promote sustained and infrastructure—build resilient infrastructure promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization Goal 10: Reduced inequalities—reduce inequality within and among countries Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities—make cities and human settlements inclusive Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production—ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13: Climate action—take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Goal 14: Life below water—conserve and sustainably use the oceans and marine resources for sustainable development and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and strong institutions—promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development; 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A monumental public work made by the late Brazilian artist Amelia Toledo (1926-2017) in Rio de Janeiro will be restored as part of an initiative between Galeria Nara Roesler and the Secretary of Environment and Climate of the City of Rio de Janeiro in partnership with the Brazilian Institute of Architects in Rio de Janeiro (IAB-RJ) The 1.4m-tall rose-quartz sculpture Palácio de Cristal (Crystal Palace) was installed in 1998 in Copacabana’s Praça Cardeal Arcoverde to inaugurate the adjoining Cardeal Arcoverde metro station The work initially featured a fountain and was surrounded by a containment wall and a reflecting pool which was later drained to prevent the public from using it as a washbasin after it became clogged with sand from the nearby beach “A series of political decisions made by the city changed the original work over time,” Daniel Roesler involves refilling the reflecting pool and restarting the fountains restoring the containment wall and cleaning the rose quartz to recover the light and colour of the crystal The asymmetrical block with striking pink and white veins was quarried in the northeastern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte Palácio de Cristal is one of several Toledo works commissioned by the Rio de Janeiro metro as part of the architect João Batista Martinez Corrêa’s plan for the station a cavernous space with stone walls that is itself “like a rock museum” who started producing work using raw extractive materials in the mid-1980s “It was very much in line with what Amelia was developing at the time—this idea of sourcing materials hidden from light that were buried beneath the earth and showing them as works of art,” Roesler says “She wanted to use this powerful rose quartz to energise people coming in and out of the station.” Amelia Toledo’s Palácio de Cristal (1998) when it was first installed as a fountain sculpture Photo: Fernando Chaves Toledo also created Projeto Cromático (Chromatic Project) a series of 68 coloured panels that line the walls of a passageway; a floor panel titled Embarque na Estação Terra (Boarding on Station Earth); and the stainless-steel panel Por dentro da Terra (Inside the Earth) The works inside the station are not part of the current restoration project but have been similarly neglected over the years—and at times covered with advertisements Roesler hopes that the initiative to restore Palácio de Cristal prompts other art-conservation projects around Rio de Janeiro including the preservation of Toledo’s other pieces at the station “These works are part of the history of Rio and it’s a shame there were no efforts to take care of them until now,” Roesler says “We’ve received amazing support from the city for this project The idea of having Palácio de Cristal restored was well-received from the start.” Galeria Nara Roesler launched the project to commemorate its tenth anniversary in Rio de Janeiro this year funding it in its entirety with consultancy from the city and the IAB-RJ which was involved in the original commission Restoration began last year and is scheduled for completion in late September and we’re going to get it done,” Roesler says Toledo was on Galeria Nara Roesler’s original artist roster when it first opened in São Paulo in 1989. Her work will be featured at the gallery’s stand at ArtRio in September where there are plans to celebrate the restored Palácio de Cristal and its significance to Brazilian heritage Over the summer, the Brazilian Museum of Sculpture and Ecology (Mube) in São Paulo hosted a survey of Toledo’s work, Paisagem Cromática, which broke visitor-attendance records for the museum and included the artist’s original sketches for Palácio de Cristal. In an interview in 1999, Toledo said that the sculpture had been inspired by the critic Casimiro Xavier de Mendonça, who on his deathbed asked her to build him a “crystal palace”. She found the rose-quartz quarry some years later, honouring Mendonça with the work. “It is on the water mirror of the fountain of the square,” she said, “bathed by a constant flow of tears.” with modern and contemporary Brazilian art plus a solo sector curated by collector Ademar Britto news13 March 2020SP-Arte suspends forthcoming edition as Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro gets tested for coronavirusFears about the spread of Covid-19 are growing just weeks after the country's Carnaval festivities ended The Arco Verde ring will be easily accessible by foot, bicycle or public transport, and the government of Madrid expects the project to reduce vehicle traffic and improve air quality. Arco Verde’s plan began four years ago, and it is expected to conclude before the end of 2024. The Amazon-funded section was started in January 2024. Volume 5 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.571150 Research on teacher education has shown that self-regulated learning (SRL) is relevant for improving learning skills of future teachers Evidence also suggests that teacher education programs would benefit from fostering SRL in their students and teaching them to use SRL as a teaching practice This dual focus could help students become more successful students and teachers better prepared to foster SRL in their future classrooms The objective of the present research was to investigate learning and study strategies and self-efficacy for learning beliefs among undergraduate students enrolled in teacher education programs at a public university in Brazil Another aim was to design an SRL intervention and examine the effectiveness of each format at strengthening participants' self-regulatory skills 220 participants completed this Learning and Study Strategies Inventory and the Self-efficacy for Learning form Findings suggested a need for improving future teacher students' self-regulatory skills and provided a basis for the second phase whose goal was to examine an intervention program using a quasi-experimental research design with three stages: pretest Three classes were randomly assigned to three different treatment conditions: Experimental Group I (EGI) received theoretical content about SRL and self-reflective questions (format 1) Experimental Group II (EGII) received theoretical content about SRL only (format 2) and the Control Group (CG) only completed the assessments Data from the first phase were used as pretest measures for the second phase The sample for phase 2 of this study was composed of 53 students Results comparing EG I with EG II showed no statistically significant group × time interactions EGI showed statistically significant gains over the control group on five outcome measures whereas EG II showed statistically significant gains over the control group on three of the outcome measures This suggested benefits to receiving the interventions and that EG I may yield additional benefits over EG II Theoretical and practical implications for pre-service teachers and teacher education programs are discussed The self-reflection phase involves self-judgment and self-reactions students reflect upon results they obtained considering the goals they have set in the forethought phase helps to inform future goal-setting and strategic planning in future learning situations hence the cyclical nature of self-regulated learning these models have been widely used in educational research research regarding self-regulated learning of students in teacher education programs is very incipient in Brazil when compared with the international literature especially in undergraduate programs in the areas of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Given the importance of self-regulated learning for teacher education the scarce literature on this subject in Brazil as well as the need to improve education of future teachers in the state of Piauí/Brazil this study examined self-efficacy for learning beliefs and learning and study strategies of students in teacher education programs and interventions to help them improve in these areas 220 students enrolled in teacher education programs in the areas of Biological Sciences and Mathematics of a Higher Education Institution in the state of Piauí/Brazil completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) and the Self-efficacy for Learning form Findings suggested a need for improving future teacher students' strategic and self-regulatory skills and provided a basis for a quasi-experimental study aimed at designing and examining the effectiveness of a self-regulation intervention program in two formats: (a) theoretical content and self-reflective activities and (b) theoretical content only The aim of these interventions was to strengthen the self-efficacy beliefs and strategic and self-regulatory skills of undergraduate students Data gathered in the first phase were used to inform the design of the intervention programs investigated participants in the intervention were recruited in the first phase and their survey data were used to establish a baseline prior to intervention This study was guided by the following research questions and hypotheses: To what extent do undergraduate students majoring in Biological Sciences and Mathematics report using learning and study strategies and holding robust beliefs of self-efficacy for learning There was no specific hypothesis for this research question Descriptive data were examined to investigate and answer it Can a self-regulated learning intervention program with self-reflection activities (Experimental Group I EGI) promote higher gains on students' self-reported learning and study strategies and self-efficacy for learning beliefs compared with a self-regulated learning intervention program without self-reflection activities (Experimental Group II Students who participated in the intervention program with self-reflection (EG I) will show the highest increase in their self-reported learning and study strategies and self-efficacy for learning beliefs from pretest to posttest compared with students who participated in the traditional intervention format (EGII) and to those who did not participate in either of these two intervention formats (Control Group Will students who participated in a traditional self-regulated intervention program format (EGII) show a significantly higher increase in their self-reported learning and study strategies and self-efficacy for learning beliefs compared with students who did not participate in either of these two intervention formats (CG) Students who participated in a traditional self-regulated intervention program format on self-regulated learning (EGII) will show a higher increase in self-reported learning and study strategies and self-efficacy for learning beliefs compared with students who did not participate in either of these two intervention formats (CG) To answer research questions 2 and 3 and test hypotheses related to them variables were defined as follows: scores on LASSI and Self-efficacy for Learning form as the dependent variables and groups (EGI and CG) and time (pretest and posttest) as the independent variables The study was conducted at Higher Education Institution in Piauí basic education teachers in the areas of Biological Sciences and Mathematics (licentiate programs) and technologists The teacher education programs provide 40 positions annually for each of these four majors Students who have successfully finished high school and taken the Enem (a Brazilian Nationwide High School Exam) can apply Entrance in the university is competitive and based on students' scores in the Enem The purpose of the licentiate programs provided in addition to supplying the shortage of professionals in the area is to provide future teachers with a curriculum focused on research and practice in these aforementioned fields This higher education institution is oriented toward the promotion of educational practices compatible with the principles of democratic society the dissemination and improvement of ethical values and the respect for cultural diversity among their teachers-to-be students The curricular components are grouped around major dimensions: general knowledge and psychological and pedagogical knowledge applied to teaching students need to undergo 400 h of supervised internships in schools While teachers of specific content areas in this education program are more inclined to use teacher-centered approaches in their classes and interdisciplinary courses of this teacher education program are more oriented toward student-centered perspectives The academic year in this institution is divided into two semesters The first usually begins in February and ends in July The second starts in August and ends in December It usually takes a minimum of 4 years and a maximum of 8 years for students to obtain a licentiate degree Students can enroll in 8 courses per semester students need to attain a minimal final grade of 7.0 out of 10.0 and attendance of 75% out of 100% they have opportunity to take it again whenever it is offered again The sample in phase 1 consisted of 220 students from 16 classes of licentiate degree programs in Biological Sciences (n = 70; 31.82%) and Mathematics (n = 46; 20.91%) of a Brazilian Federal Education Institution in the state of Piauí All students in each program participated in the study and provided complete data Mean age was 22.34 years and standard deviation was 6.485 100 (45.87%) were aged between 20 and 29 years 101 (45.91%) were female and 119 (54.09%) were male 131 students (59.54%) were from the first and second semesters 48 (21.82%) were from the 3rd to the 5th semesters and 41 (18.64%) were from the 6th to the 8th semesters The sample in phase 2 of the study consisted of 53 sophomore students who completed phase 1 of the study and were in their third semester of a licentiate teacher-education degree program in a Brazilian Federal Education Institution in the state of Piauí Students were seeking licentiate plans in Chemistry and Biology and belonged to three different classes according to their majors Classes were randomly assigned to treatment conditions (EGI instead of their originally scheduled content EGI had 22 students seeking a licentiate degree in Chemistry 14 (63.64%) students were aged under 20 years 6 (27.27%) were aged between 20 and 29 years and 2 (9.09%) were aged over 30 years Mean age was 20.73 and standard deviation was 4.131 EGII had 12 students seeking a licentiate degree in Physics 7 (58.33%) students were aged under 20 years 4 (33.33%) were aged between 20 and 29 years and 1 (8.33%) was aged over 30 years Mean age was 21.92 and standard deviation was 5.959 CG had 19 students seeking a licentiate degree in Biological Sciences 6 (31.58%) were aged between 20 and 29 years Mean age was 21.79 and standard deviation was 5.544 All three groups were attending both psychological and pedagogical and specific knowledge classes being exposed to both learner-centered and teacher-centered approaches at the time the intervention program was conducted Comparison of the three groups in the pretest showed they were very similar regarding major demographic variables and concerning their scores in the LASSI and Self-efficacy scales except for the self-testing scale of the LASSI in which EGII students scored significantly higher than EGI students No other significant initial differences were observed between groups The sociodemographic questionnaire contained four multiple-choice questions about students' age and program semester which were used to describe the participants and Test Strategies scales are related to the Skill component and Motivation scales are associated with the Will component and Using Academic Resources are related to the Self-regulation component The Anxiety scale assesses the degree to which students worry about college and their academic performance (example item: “when I am taking a test worrying about doing poorly interferes with my concentration”) The Attitude scale examines students' attitudes and interests regarding college and reaching academic success (example item: “I have a positive attitude about attending my classes”) The Concentration scale assesses students' ability to direct and maintain their attention on academic tasks (example item: “I find it difficult to maintain my concentration while doing my coursework”) The Information Processing scale examines the extent to which students use visual and verbal elaboration and other active-thinking strategies to help them learn and remember new information (example item: “to help me remember new principles we are learning in class The Motivation scale assesses students' diligence and effort to accomplish their academic tasks (example item: “When work is difficult I either give up or study only the easy parts”) The Selecting Main Ideas scale assesses students' skills at tracing important information to study in various learning situations in college (example item: “I have difficulty identifying the important points in my reading”) The Self-Testing scale measures students' use of strategies for monitoring their comprehension of course material and checking their ability to demonstrate their learning (example item: “I stop periodically while reading and mentally go over or review what was said”) The Test Strategies scale verifies the strategies used by students both at the time of preparation for a test and at the time the test is taken (example item: “I have difficulty adapting my studying to different types of courses”) The Time Management scale measures the use of time management principles and practices by students when performing academic tasks (example item: "when I decide to study I set aside a specific length of time and stick to it”) the Using Academic Resources scale assesses the students' willingness to use different academic resources (example item: “when I am struggling in one or more courses I am too embarrassed to admit it to anyone”) All 10 scales have high internal consistencies in studies carried out in large samples of American students The LASSI 3rd edition (Weinstein et al., 2016) was developed with 3 main purposes: (a) to refine the wording of some items from the previous editions of 1988 and 2002; (b) to include a new scale—Using Academic Resources—replacing the Study Aids scale to better reflect the advances of contemporary educational psychology and postsecondary educational practice; and (c) to decrease its application time by reducing it from 80 to 60 items Boruchovitch et al. (2019) have described in detail the process of translating the LASSI (3rd ed.) into Portuguese and adapting it for use with university students in Brazil the process involved an initial translation conducted by three Brazilian researchers well-versed in research on the LASSI and the Model of Strategic Learning and fluent in both Brazilian Portuguese and American English Back translation carried out by an expert translator with a Ph.D in English and fluent in Portuguese led to further refinements and those refinements were again back translated the translated version was submitted to two expert judges from Brazil and the backtranslation was sent to one of the original authors of the LASSI all of whom confirmed the adequacy of the translation and adaptation with no suggested revisions Higher scores reflect more positive beliefs in self-efficacy for learning Some examples of items are: “When you are trying to understand a new topic can you associate new concepts with the old ones sufficiently well to remember them?” and “When you think you did poorly in a test you just finished can you go back to your notes and locate all the information you had forgotten?” The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese by Boruchovitch and Ganda (2010) after obtaining formal consent from the authors the form was independently translated by two fluent English speakers The translations were then compared and discussed to determine the final Brazilian version Back translation procedures were also employed A high and significant correlation was found between the two applications (α = 0.89; p < 0.001) The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) and the Self-efficacy for Learning Form applied in the first step were used as pretest measures for the intervention study Different assessment tools and self-reflective activities related to learning strategies, emotional regulation, and motivational regulation were applied to students during the intervention format 1 and are described in Table A1 The same instruments applied in pretest were re-applied as posttest measures The project was first submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Education of a Brazilian public university (Protocol CAAE: 02209218.6.0000.8142) in compliance with the current standards of the National Health Council which establishes the ethical issues of research conducted with human beings in Brazil an invitation letter was sent to the undergraduate chairs requesting authorization to carry out the research They showed great interest in the research due to its relevance to understanding and improving university student learning Data collection was scheduled after consulting the teachers of each course about the most appropriate days and times for it All the sixteen classes (100%) of Biological Sciences and Mathematics licentiate degree programs provided in the first semester of 2019 participated in the study The instruments were applied in the classrooms by the first author at the same time in the academic calendar for all students Part of the sample (n = 118; 53.63%) answered the instruments online using a link provided to them and the other part of the sample (n = 102; 46.36%) answered them in a paper-and-pencil format due to frequent Internet connectivity problems at the institution Data collection procedures were the same in all classes The researcher first explained to the students the objectives of the study and the data collection procedures leaving students free to participate or not in the research the researcher made the research link available to participants Students were asked to click the link and register their emails The researcher then sent another link to students' registered emails with an invitation for participation in the research students were directed to the Autorregular Platform Students unable to access the link due to Internet connectivity problems answered all the instruments in paper-and-pencil format Data collection in each class lasted approximately 50 min Data were also collected in pretest and posttest of the intervention study EGI and EGII students answered the pretest and posttest measures in the first and last days of the intervention Data collection in the CG was conducted in previously scheduled days and was concurrent with those of the experimental groups Data collection followed the same procedures described in phase 1 of the study eta squared = 0.13 is medium and eta squared = 0.25 is large The significance level was set at α <0.05 for all analyses The objective of Phase 1 of the study was to investigate the learning and study strategies and the self-efficacy for learning beliefs of students enrolled in licentiate degree programs in Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics of a higher education institution in the state of Piauí/Brazil. Table 1 presents the results of the descriptive analysis of the Brazilian translation of the LASSI 3rd Ed and of the Brazilian translation of the Self-efficacy for learning Form means and median of the total sample in the Brazilian translation of the LASSI 3rd Ed and in the Brazilian translation of the self-efficacy for learning form The LASSI total mean was 3.41 (SD = 0.43) and the median was 3.44 suggesting that students report using learning and study strategies to a certain extent The anxiety scale had the lowest mean and median (M = 2.88; SD = 0.92 Mdn = 3.00) followed by the use of academic resources scale (M = 3.05; SD = 0.63; Mdn = 3.00) self-testing (M = 3.13; SD = 0.81; Mdn = 3.17) and time management (M = 3.13; SD = 0.73; Mdn = 3.17) The attitude scale has the highest values (M = 4.13; Mdn = 4.17) there were no huge variations in students' answers The Self-efficacy for Learning form mean was 66.48 and the median was 68.95 which indicates a moderate sense of self-efficacy for learning among students in the sample Table 2 shows results of the comparisons of scores in the Brazilian translation of the LASSI 3rd Ed and in the Brazilian translation of the Self-efficacy for learning form between groups (EGI and EGII) and between times (pretest and posttest) of phase 2 of the present study Anova results for repeated measures: comparisons of scores in the Brazilian translation of the LASSI 3rd Ed and in the Brazilian translation of the Self-efficacy for learning Form between groups (EGI and EGII) and between times (pretest and posttest) Repeated measures analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out to compare scores on LASSI scales and Self-efficacy for learning form between groups (EGI and EGII) and between times (pre-test × posttest) to examine whether intervention program (self-reflective and theoretical formats) contributed to changes in participants' scores on these outcome measures over time Anova results comparing EG I to EG II showed no statistically significant group × time interactions suggesting that these two groups did not differ significantly in how they changed over time in the outcome measures data suggest that both intervention formats were equivalent they were large for information processing and medium for self-testing total LASSI scales and Self-efficacy for learning form In EGII effect sizes were medium for both test strategies and time management LASSI scales Tukey test was used to analyze whether there were differences between groups Results showed that EGI and EGII differed significantly in LASSI self-testing scale with higher scores for EGII both in pre and posttest (Mpre = 3.26; Mpost = 3.61; p = 0.012) The significantly higher self-testing scores of EGII at pretest remained after the intervention as mentioned previously self-testing scores also increased significantly in EGI from pretest to posttest (Mpre = 2.74; Mpost = 3.07 Table 3 shows results of the comparisons of scores in the Brazilian translation of the LASSI 3rd Ed and in the Brazilian translation of the Self-efficacy for learning form between groups (EGI and CG) and between times (pretest and posttest) and in the Brazilian translation of the Self-efficacy for learning Form between groups (EGI and CG) and between times (pretest and posttest) Repeated measures analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out to compare scores on LASSI scales and Self-efficacy for learning form between groups (EGI and CG) and between times (pre-test × posttest) to examine whether intervention program in its self-reflective format contributed to changes in participants' scores on these outcomes measures over time Anova results revealed significant interaction effects (groups × times) in the scores of the scales of information processing (Mpre = 3.41; Mpost = 3.79 p = 0.022) and self-efficacy for learning Form (Mpre = 55.98; Mpost = 63.64 p = 0.006) of EGI which increased significantly from pretest to posttest CG showed a statistically significant decline in scores of LASSI motivation scale from pre to posttest (Mpre = 3.73; Mpost = 3.45; p = 0.014) whereas EG I did not show a statistically significant decline (or increase) in motivation Effect sizes were medium for information processing as well as for Self-efficacy for learning form They were small for LASSI total score and LASSI self- testing scale data suggest that the self-reflective intervention program format may have contributed to improve both participants' information processing and self-testing skills and their self-efficacy for learning beliefs it seems that the self-reflective intervention approach also has protected students from a decline in their motivation Table 4 shows results of the comparisons of scores in the Brazilian translation of the LASSI 3rd Ed and in the Brazilian translation of the Self-efficacy for learning form between groups (EGII and CG) and between times (pretest and posttest) and in the Brazilian translation of the Self-efficacy for learning Form between groups (EGII and CG) and between times (pretest and posttest) Repeated measures analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out to compare scores on LASSI scales and Self-efficacy for learning form between groups (EGII and CG) and between times (pre-test × posttest) to evaluate whether intervention program in its theoretical format contributed to changes in participants' scores on these outcome measures over time Significant interaction effects (groups × times) in scores of the LASSI information process scale Mpre = 3.29; Mpost = 3.74 p = 0.027) and of self-efficacy for learning Form emerged (Mpre = 60.13; Mpost = 68.03 Scores increased significantly from pre to posttest in both scales for students in EGII CG experienced a significant decline in the LASSI motivation scale from pre to posttest (Mpre = 3.73; Mpost = 3.45 whereas EG II did not show a statistically significant decline (or increase) in motivation Tukey test was used to examine whether there were differences between groups Significant group differences emerged in the scores of LASSI self-testing scale Higher scores in posttest were found for EGII (Mpost = 3.61 p = 0,035) when compared to CG (Mpost = 2.92) data suggest that the intervention program in its theoretical format may have had positive impacts on EGII students' information processing skills on their self-efficacy for learning beliefs students in phase 1 reported use of learning and study strategies to a certain extent and showed a moderate sense of self-efficacy for learning they showed a positive attitude toward their learning Results of phase 2 showed no statistically significant group × time interactions in the comparison between EGI and EGII These two groups did not differ significantly in how they changed over time in the outcome measures both intervention formats seemed to have positive impacts on participants' outcome measures EGI showed statistically significant gains over the control group in five outcome measures (i.e. and LASSI scales of information processing and self-testing) whereas EGII showed statistically significant gains over CG in three of the outcome measures (i.e. and LASSI scale of information processing) Phase 1 of the present study was designed to identify the learning and study strategies and the self-efficacy for learning beliefs of Brazilian university students seeking a licentiate degree plan in Biological Sciences and Mathematics courses of teacher education programs of a federal higher education institution in the state of Piauí who found that Pakistani university students did not show positive attitudes toward the university data collected in phase 1 of the present study showed the need for strengthening strategic and self-regulatory skills and self-efficacy for learning beliefs of higher education students in teacher education programs Because the students in this study did not score high in the measures employed it was clear that there was room and need for improvement results from phase 1 of the study served as a basis for the design of a self-regulated learning intervention program in two formats (theoretical with self-reflective activities and theoretical only) examined in phase 2 EGI received theoretical content and self-reflective activities and EGII received theoretical content only The inclusion of self-reflective activities was expected to facilitate internalization of self-regulated learning approaches and lead to stronger gains in self-reported learning and study strategies and self-efficacy over time the first hypothesis was that students who participated in intervention program with self-reflection (EGI) would show the highest increase in their self-reported use of learning and study strategies and in their self-efficacy for learning beliefs from pretest to posttest compared with students who received the intervention in its traditional format and with those who did not participate in either intervention (CG) Although no statistically significant group × time interaction effects were observed when comparing EGI and EGII EGI showed statistically significant effects in more outcome measures than EGII there was partial support that EGI produced greater benefits to students than EGII More specifically in terms of interaction effects EGI showed higher increases in total LASSI scores and self-testing compared with control whereas EGII showed no improvements over the control group in these areas Prompting students to self-reflect about their strategic and self-regulated learning may have helped those in EGI obtain these additional benefits Both EGI and EGII outperformed CG over time in self-efficacy This provided support for our hypothesis that EG II would outperform CG but not as strongly as EGI would outperform CG This evidence could suggest that providing instruction on SRL with or without self-reflective prompts can help to improve students' self-efficacy and information processing over time and protect from motivational declines as we observed decreases in the LASSI motivation scale in CG results of EGII are in line with the literature and can also be considered positive a course on self-regulated learning is self-reflective by nature The amount of spontaneous self-reflection in which students could have engaged is a variable that is difficult to control and might have worked as contributor for such finding The impact of theoretical knowledge about self-regulated learning on learning behavior should be further investigated we believe that data from this study could also have contributed to describe what are the learning and study strategies and the self-efficacy for learning beliefs of Brazilian university students who aspire to be teachers a still underrepresented population in self-regulated learning research there were several limitations and possible confounding variables in this research which could have affected the results rather than the intervention program the following stand out: the sample was composed of students from different licentiate program areas because they were those who had free time to participate in the research and could attend a self-regulated learning program the institution provides only one licentiate course per area per year Although classes were randomly assigned to treatment conditions students were not comparable in the LASSI self-testing scale in pretest differences in background variables not reflected in pretest measures could also have interfered with posttest results The sample size of the 3 groups was under 30 students The study relied on quantitative self-reported measures only the study employed the same measures in pretest and posttest Testing effects could have occurred as well The institution's Internet connectivity problems during data collection made some students respond to paper and pencils versions of the scales although the instruments employed in this study had acceptable internal consistency values both scales have not been validated for use in Brazil yet Because the first author taught the intervention course in the two formats without the presence of an observer we are unable to assure the fidelity of implementation of the different program formats The content of the intervention was not equally distributed There was heavy emphasis on learning strategies over motivational regulation and emotional regulation Future investigations should overcome the limitations of the present study. Further research should also invest efforts in increasing the knowledge about variables that impact the students' engagement in strategic and self-regulated behavior, before planning interventions. As the duration of the intervention program in this study was very short, some benefits could not have been well-assessed using short-term measures (Jacob et al., 2019) and CG students would be interesting to examine the long-term impact of the program in their academic achievement and to evaluate the dropout rates among these groups We hope the intervention program based on self-reflective activities designed for this study can be further refined and become a regular course on self-regulation for students who aspire to be teachers help these students improve in a dual perspective: as a student and as a future teacher this study highlights the importance of creating opportunities for students especially those who aspire to be teachers to get in touch and become aware of how they learn Self-regulated learning and strategic learning models can be useful to guide educational psychologist teachers to achieve this goal the findings also pointed out that the students' awareness about their learning and study strategies as well as about the psychological variables that interfere with their learning can be increased either using self-reflective activities or by teaching theoretical content about SRL Models combining instruction with both self-reflective and theoretical activities should also be tested in more long-term longitudinal research designs it is expected that self-regulated learning courses become part of the official curricula in Teacher Education programs in Brazil so more students and future teachers can benefit and learn in a strategic self-regulated manner and have their self-efficacy for learning beliefs strengthened Fostering strategic and self-regulated learning in preservice teachers has the potential to improve their effectiveness as students and as educators Phase 1 of this study showed that preservice teachers in Piaui Brazil self-reported fairly moderate levels of strategic and self-regulated learning skills suggesting potential for improvement through intervention Phase 2 of this study showed that teaching students about strategic and self-regulated learning and prompting them to self-reflect about its applicability to their own studying and teaching helped them to improve their self-reported use of strategic and self-regulated learning skills and self-efficacy to build those skills Future research should continue to examine the effectiveness of teaching strategic and self-regulated learning within teacher education programs and the role of embedding self-reflective activities within these interventions on longitudinal outcomes that track students into the workplace The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study This paper is part of a doctoral dissertation research of ÂA carried out under the supervision of EB It is also part of a larger research project carried out by EB in collaboration with ÂA All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version TA is a co-author on the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory 3rd Edition and has a financial interest in this commercial product because he receives royalties on its sales the Brazilian translation of the LASSI 3rd Edition used in this research project is not a commercial product received no royalties or any other kind of financial payment in connection with this research project there is potential for TA's connection with the LASSI 3rd Edition to be constructed as a conflict of interest and is therefore being reported The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest EB thanks the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq for the financial support (Process 403620/2016-3) The authors also thank Espaço da Escrita – Coordenadoria Geral da Universidade - UNICAMP - for the language services provided The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.571150/full#supplementary-material ACT (2016). 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Evely Boruchovitch, ZXZlbHlAdW5pY2FtcC5icg== A mother has died after eating poisoned rice that also killed her two children and brother at a New Year's Day lunch in Brazil was pronounced dead during the early hours of Tuesday at Dircea Arcoverde State Hospital in Parnaíba Her death comes a day after her three-year-old daughter died in an ambulance while he was being rushed to a local hospital is under observation and in critical condition at Teresina Emergency Hospital in Teresina we express our sincere condolences to the patient's family and reaffirm that the multidisciplinary team at HEDA worked with total dedication following all necessary protocols and measures to ensure the best care during her stay at the unit,' the hospital said in a statement following Francisca's death Four other family members have been discharged from hospital where they received treatment after eating the rice which authorities confirmed was contaminated with terbufos a toxic substance found in pesticides and agriculture chemicals Its sale for residential use is prohibited under Brazilian law The tragedy comes months after da Silva's two oldest children died after eating poisoned cashews João died five days later and Ulisses spent nearly three months hospitalized and died November 11 The Piauí Civil Police said that the two incidents are not related and are investigating how the rice was poisoned 'It's impossible for it to have ended up there without someone's intention,' Civil Police chief Abimael Silva said who oversees the Piauí Institute of Legal Medicine told the outlet that there were 'visible granules' of terbufos in the rice that was collected Authorities said the family came together to celebrate New Year's Eve on December 31 and had a meal of rice beans and meat and showed no side effects before some of the family members and a neighbor returned to their homes at dawn They gathered at the same residence January 1 and reheated the rice and served it with fish that was donated by a couple that do charity work in the neighborhood The group fell ill shortly after 12 noon before paramedics were called Authorities initially thought the family had been poisoned by the fish before toxicology reports showed the victims had traces of the pesticide that is similar to chumbinho but have ruled out the involvement of family members The New Year's Day family tragedy comes as Brazilian authorities were also tied up with the investigation surrounding a poisoned Christmas cake and the deaths of three family members in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul on December 23 On Sunday, the Civil Police announced the arrest of Deise dos Anjos, the daughter-in-law of Zeli dos Santos, who helped bake the cake that killed her two sisters Neuza dos Anjos, 65, and Maida da Silva, 53, and her niece and Neuza's daughter, Tatiana dos Anjos, 47. During a press conference Monday, authorities revealed that Deise was motivated by a 'family dispute of more than 20 years' that she had with Zeli, but did not offer more details. They also said that the flour that was used to make the cake contained arsenic, a toxic substance that is found in pesticides. Authorities are also investigating whether Deise was involved in the September death her father-in-law and Zeli's husband, Paulo Luiz. While his death was said to be from natural causes, authorities have requested that his body be exhumed to determine if he too was poisoned. Major terror attack 'was just HOURS away' before it was foiled by the special forces and police:... Victim of acid attack 'plotted by his ex-partner who teamed up with a gang' dies in hospital six... We are trapped in unsellable newbuild homes after a £52m dual carriageway was built on our... Horror as $4.5M influencer-laden yacht SINKS off Miami... after glam women made a rookie maritime... 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No one seems to have shared their thoughts on this topic yetLeave a comment so your voice will be heard first. {{message}} The dev community’s Q&A site of choice isn’t going cloudy just yet Despite hosting thousands of queries from developers about the latest and greatest tools and technologies in the digital space developer Q&A platform Stack Overflow continues to maintain a fairly old school approach to its own infrastructure Speaking on Scott Hanselman’s Hanselminutes Podcast last week explained how the company has retained on-premise approach to its infrastructure in a single application its whole Q&A platform We also have a monolithic application so we have not breaking down into services or microservices,” Arcoverde said Previous posts on Stack Overflow suggest the company migrated from Oregon to a QTS data center in New York/New Jersey in 2010 QTS operates three sites in New Jersey in East Windsor Stack Overflow has also previously made reference to a Fortrust data center in Denver; Iron Mountain acquired Fortrust in 2017 Arcoverde added that the company runs a single .NET-based multi-tenant web app running across just nine web servers That application handles around 6,000 requests per second the Q&A technology underneath Stack Overflow running more than 175 sites including ServerFault “Those servers...they run that five to 10 percent capacity so we could so we designed for low allocations everywhere We try to avoid creating objects that will have to be collected and avoid memory pressure on those nine web servers so that we don't have to stall on garbage collections.” “That's allowed us to grow and to stay where we are right now running on nine web servers for years We haven't bought a new machine in two years at this point.” Arcoverde said the cost and latency compared to the current set up isn’t worth the effort thought about [moving to the cloud] many many times we did this regular exercise where we would try to understand how much it would cost to run StackOverflow on the cloud we are thinking less about the power that he will take and worry about latency We have an infrastructure that has single hops between nodes and those hops are connected via 10 gigabytes network cables that's an infrastructure that's very hard to mimic on the cloud Despite hosting endless questions relating to the latest technology trends Arcoverde said Stack Overflow had largely eschewed the likes of Kubernetes and microservices because the company wasn’t experiencing the kinds of problems those tools were designed to solve “Why do you break down a monolith into microservices or services because you want to scale to separate teams you want to have multiple teams working on the same project without stepping on each other's toes Fast deploys have never been a problem to us.” Stack Overflow has grown to around 50 engineers “It's becoming trickier to onboard new engineers in this 14-year-old code base Perhaps [in the future] we will find ourselves in a situation where actually shouldn't we break down this specific module into a service perhaps and give it to a specific team and have them own it so that they don't need to understand the entire code base anymore I don't think this is a problem that we are facing right now.” “We are constantly re-evaluating and changing and there are a lot of conversations going on right now about what are the parts of the monolith that we should be breaking down now that we are growing and preparing for the next stages of growth so if the time comes when we need to do that that's certainly something that we would consider.” Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia The dates displayed for an article provide information on when various publication milestones were reached at the journal that has published the article activities on preceding journals at which the article was previously under consideration are not shown (for instance submission All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here O endereço abaixo não existe na globo.com The toddler and his teenage relative who died just a day apart after they ate fish as part of the family's New Year's Eve dinner in Brazil have been identified Manoel da Silva, 17, fell ill on Wednesday and tragically died while he was being rushed to Dirceu Arcoverde Regional Hospital after consuming the fish.  died at the hospital on Thursday after eating the same meal - which was donated to the family in a meal basket by a local organization was among the seven people who fell ill after consuming the food requiring doctors to place her on a ventilator Manoel's two nieces are the two other sick victims who remained hospitalized as of Thursday Authorities are awaiting the results of an autopsy report that will determine Igno's and Manoel's cause of death 'The symptoms [of the patients] were basically the same: heart rate below normal reduced level of consciousness,' said Dirceu Arcoverde Regional Hospital director 'We are still carrying out tests to discover the origin and the material of this poisoning We are giving priority attention to children in very serious condition.' The owner of the home told the Piauí Civil Police that his family consumed a meal that was donated in a basket by a local organization Investigators were able to comb through a garbage container outside the housing complex and recovered possible leftovers 'The people who delivered the food came forward voluntarily and will be interviewed by the police this afternoon,' Civil Police chief Abimael Silva said 'The rice consumed by the family that was the victim of the misfortune was prepared by the family itself the day before They did not consume the rice donated by the people only the manjuba [fish] that came in the bag.' told TV Clube that police investigators have acquired blood and urine samples from Manoel Igno's death comes four months after his two older brothers died after eating poisoned cashews that were gifted to them by a neighbor received a bag of cashews that were tainted with terfubos a chemical that is used as an insecticide and nematicide João died on August 28 and Ulisses died November 11 after spending two months in the hospital It is unclear if the little boy's death after eating the fish is linked to his brother's deaths in August This comes after a mystery Christmas cake poisoning in the southern Brazilian city of Torres ended with the deaths of three members of the same family. Zeli dos Anjos, 61, prepared the traditional 'Bolo de Natal' festive treat for a family meal on December 23. She remains in hospital on a ventilator although the other survivors who were hospitalised have all now been discharged. Zeli was one of six family members including a 10-year-old child who ended up in hospital with food poisoning. Her sisters Maida, 58, Neuza, 65, and Neuza's daughter Tatiana, 43, all died shortly after eating the cake. Traces of the toxic metal arsenic were reportedly found in the victims' bodies, although further tests are ongoing. In the wake of the Christmas horror it emerged Zeli's husband had died from suspected food poisoning in September. Zeli's family have since revealed he ate bananas suspected to have been contaminated by chemicals following a flood in their home city. Torres-based police chief Marcos Vinicius Veloso said earlier this week of the Christmas drama, as it emerged the poisoning could be linked to the use of contaminated foods following a power cut: 'With the evidence we have collected, we do not know whether the poisoning was negligent or intentional. 'So far, I have not been able to find any intentional conduct. However, other evidence that comes to light may contradict what I think now. 'This is an investigation that requires great caution.' {{message}} Metrics details This paper reports the case of a pleomorphic manifestation of syphilis A 51-year-old male presented with bilateral nongranulomatous anterior uveitis associated with an isolated syphilitic chancre of the tongue that was successfully treated with parenteral benzathine penicillin Syphilis has the potential to lead to any type of intraocular inflammation A careful review of the symptoms is useful for the detection of extraocular signs of syphilitic infection While serological tests are required to arrive at a definitive diagnosis the recognition of other systemic signs of syphilis may also be helpful This paper describes a case of bilateral nongranulomatous anterior uveitis associated with a syphilitic chancre of the tongue A 51-year-old man presented with a two-month history of pain, redness, and decreased vision in both eyes. The patient also reported a painless ulcerated lesion with hard edges on the base of the tongue, consistent with a chancre (Figure 1) Clinical examination also revealed left cervical lymphadenopathy The patient’s best-corrected visual acuity was 20/32 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye Slit lamp examination revealed sparse fine keratic precipitates in both eyes and flare in the anterior chamber of the right eye and trace cells in the left eye Dilated bilateral fundus examination was normal Applanation tonometry revealed intraocular pressure of 26 mmHg in the right eye and 27 mmHg in the left The patient was submitted to a systemic workup including complete blood count and screening tests for HIV Computer-assisted tomography of the head and a chest X-ray were also performed which revealed a positive venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test (titer of 1:128) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test Lumbar puncture was recommended but could not be performed As no cerebrospinal fluid analysis could be performed in the present case the patient received treatment for neurosyphilis despite the absence of retinal/optic nerve involvement with the subsequent resolution of intraocular inflammation and healing of the tongue chancre In view of the increasing incidence of syphilis and the variety of clinical manifestations this sexually transmitted disease should be considered even in the setting of apparently innocent nongranulomatous anterior uveitis should be investigated and are easily detected upon careful examination Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and accompanying images This work was performed with the approval of the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hospital das Clínicas de Minas Gerais (Brazil) according to the tenets of the declaration of Helsinki Peeling RW: Syphilis control - a continuing challenge Rao NA: Syphilis: reemergence of an old adversary Chuang CT: Ocular uveitis as the initial presentation of syphilis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010): Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports 2010,59(RR-12):26–44 Duncan RC: Neurosyphilis: a comparative study of the effects of infection with immunodefficiency virus Hall AJ: Syphilitic uveitis: a review of clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of syphilitic uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and negative patients Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2010,38(1):68–74 Eng HL: Secondary syphilis-related oral ulcers: report of four cases Mignogna M: Oral syphilis: a retrospective analysis of 12 cases and a review of the literature Alomar A: Syphilitic nodules on the tongue J Am Acad Dermatol 2006,54(2 Suppl):S59-S60 Download references Vinícius Monteiro Castro & Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos The authors declare that there are no competing interests DV was responsible for the conception and design as well as for critically reviewing the intellectual content of the article All authors read and approved the final manuscript Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) provided the original work is properly cited Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1869-5760-3-33 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article The Madrid City Council has launched an ambitious plan to increase green areas plant hundreds of thousands of trees and interconnect natural areas with the existing network of parks This urban strategy entitled Madrid Isla de Color (Madrid Island of Colour) builds on various initiatives Although its most iconic space will be the future Metropolitan Forest a 600-hectare green corridor encircling the city the plan also includes smaller interventions in vacant lots or neighbouring communities to re-naturalise several urban spaces a regional ring of forests connecting different municipalities around the capital will complement these municipal initiatives This post reviews the main initiatives focused on populating Madrid with green areas in the coming years A drawing of the two green rings; the “Arco Verde” and the Metropolitan Forest The illustration also shows Madrid Nuevo Norte and its network of parks stretching towards the Monte de El Pardo the Government of Madrid unveiled its project to create a large this green belt will surround the municipality of Madrid connecting Sierra de Guadarrama National Park with three regional parks (Sureste and Cuenca Alta del Manzanares) and several others on the outskirts of the capital The actions planned will connect 30 existing public green areas in 26 regional municipalities It also includes specific measures to promote biodiversity The Valdebebas Felipe VI Forest Park is one of the green spaces that will be part of the so-called Metropolitan Forest “Harm van de Veen” ecoduct on a Dutch road that ensures wildlife continuity The metropolitan forest will have a similar ecological infrastructure to connect parks separated by motorways The competition for the best environmental and landscape solutions for each of the five project areas is currently underway The Metropolitan Forest, near the foothills of Monte de El Pardo will connect with Madrid Nuevo Norte’s green axis a linear network of interconnected parks that will be built in the north of the city link with the main parks in the Fuencarral-El Pardo The 13-hectare Central Park over Chamartín Station’s rail yard as well as other ecological connectivity structures over the train tracks The Madrid Isla de Color initiative also comprises other actions including developing municipal plots to create more green areas in the districts and promoting urban kitchen gardens to provide food to the residents of the surrounding areas The Barrios Productores (Productive Neighbourhoods) initiative seeks to create community kitchen gardens and transform the existing ones into genuine The participating spaces will be part of an entrepreneurship program not only to generate positive environmental impact but also boost local employment Madrid will promote the creation of community kitchen gardens in brownfields and spaces between blocks of flats providing the tools needed to produce food locally The project will also focus on vacant urban spaces with great potential that exist in most districts in Madrid: private- or publicly-owned brownfields or plots between blocks of flats areas with empty buildings or vacant retail space colonising surfaces that traditionally have not been used to grow vegetation 43,000+ global companies doing business in the region. 102,000+ key contacts related to companies and projects Analysis, reports, news and interviews about your industry in English, Spanish and Portuguese. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. The flags are back and it's time to miss the typical food, the games and the festive atmosphere that we love. We don’t know about you, but around here, june is the most eagerly awaited month of the year. After all, it’s time to eat our favorite delicacies and participate in quadrilhas with friends. That’s why our traditional list of arraiás in São Paulo is here. Just choose the Festas Juninas in São Paulo closest to you! And since everyone is ready to party hard, let’s kill the nostalgia of a good kermesse. But beware: keep an eye on our list, because it could get even longer over the course of June. Write down your favorites and get ready to eat a lot! The city’s biggest festival, the traditional Feast of Calvary, takes place every Saturday and Sunday until July 7th. This way, everyone can take part and enjoy the food, shows, bingo and raffles. 📆 Saturdays and Sundays until 07/07 🕘 Saturday, 5:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m.; Sunday, 5:30 p.m. to 10:30 p.m 📍 Rua Cardeal Arcoverde, 950 – Pinheiros 🎫 R$ 30 with the right to 1 bingo card; senior citizens pay half price From June 1, São João de Nóis Tudim returns to the Center for Northeastern Traditions (CTN) to fill hearts with joy and June tradition. During the months of June and July, the space will feature more than 120 attractions including live shows, quadrille performances, interactive characters and games for children. 📆 From June 1st to July 28th 🕖 Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays (June), Saturdays and Sundays (July); schedule to be announced 🗺️ Rua Jacofer, 615 – Bairro do Limão 🎫 Free The ice cream parlor of the moment, Tem Umami, is preparing its second June party, again in Copan. Starting on June 14, the public is invited to an arraial full of: typical country food, musical performances, bingo and games for the children. In other words, there will be a lot of life in the center of São Paulo. View this post on Instagram A post shared by tem umami! (@temumami) Although it is not a traditional June festival, the Feast of St. Vitus takes place every year. In 2024, the Italian festival celebrates 106 years of history and tradition. Until July 14, always on Saturdays and Sundays, the public can enjoy a three-course meal with the best of Pugliese cuisine. 📆 Saturdays and Sundays until 09/07 🕘 From 7pm 📍 St. Vitus Martyr Benevolent Association – 255 Polignano a Mare Street – Brás 🎫 From R$ 60 The June party at Família no Parque, in Villa-Lobos Park, has begun! Throughout the month of June, the public enjoys the arraiá, full of games, food stalls, a band with a typical repertoire, in addition to the many options that the leisure attraction already has. For example, the famous giant inflatables, zip lines, bungee trampolines, jet boats, etc. The activities include sack races, hot potato races, wheelbarrow races, tug-of-war, orange dances and passing the hat, all with lots of interaction and excitement. There will also be stalls with traditional June games such as: boca do palhaço, argola, canaleta, toca do carrinho, pescaria and tiro ao alvo. 📆 Until 30/06 🕘 From 10 a.m. to 6 p.m 📍 Villa-Lobos Park 🎫 Free The biggest vegan June festival in Brazil is coming up for the 2024 edition. Every Sunday in June, the Vegnice Vegan Fair welcomes dozens of exhibitors with recipes and delicacies typical of the São João festival in delicious reinterpretations, without ingredients of animal origin. 📆 02, 09, 16, 23 e 30/06 🕘 Sunday, 12pm to 8pm 📍 Rua Brigadeiro Galvão, 535 – Barra Funda 🎫 Free The Memorial is once again hosting its traditional Festas Juninas. With free admission, visitors will be able to enjoy the gastronomic stalls, prepared to serve the typical delicacies of the season, such as canjica, rice pudding, pamonha, green corn, etc. In addition, the event will feature various concerts. 📆 15 e 16/06 🕘 From 11 a.m. to 9 p.m 📍Memorial of Latin America 🎫 Free The well-known festival of Mooca’s patron saint brings together not only the best June food. This is because, at the Cantina di San Gennaro, the Festa Junina offers, in addition to typical dishes such as corn, typical sweets, quentão and mulled wine, the famous spaghetti das mammas, known as Festa di San Gennaro. 📆 01, 08, 15, 22 e 29/06 🕘 From 5:30 p.m. to 11 p.m 📍Rua San Gennaro, 214 – Mooca 🎫 Free From June 1st, the St. Pius X and St. Lucy Parish will be celebrating the Festas Juninasl. The event takes place every other weekend of the month, and brings together everything we need to nostalgically enjoy the “quermesses”. 📆 Saturdays and Sundays until 30/06 🕘 Saturday, 6 p.m. to 11 p.m.; Sunday, 6 p.m. to 10 p.m 📍Avenida Sapopemba, 1500 – Vila Regente Feijó 🎫 Free Every weekend in June, Our Lady Immaculate Conception Parish also holds its traditional June festival, with lots of shows, games and seasonal delicacies. Be sure not to miss out! 📆 Saturday and Sunday, until 30/06 🕘 From 5pm to 10pm 📍Avenida Inácio Cunha Leme, 104 – Jardim Suzana 🎫 R$ 3 View this post on Instagram A post shared by Paróquia Imaculada Conceição (@pnsimaculadaconceicao) games and unmissable shows to liven up the festivities More than 14 musical acts will perform the biggest hits by Marília Mendonça the quadrille and the themed decorations promise to liven up the festivities 22 e 23/06 🕘 Friday from 6pm to 9pm; Saturday from 2pm to 9pm; Sunday from 2pm to 9pm 📍 Avenida Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães Another of the Festas Juninas coming to São Paulo is Arraiá de Moema The official program will be announced soon 📆 22 e 23/06 🕘 Saturday from 2pm to 10pm; Sunday from 10am to 10pm 📍 Nossa Senhora Aparecida Square The traditional shopping center in the East Zone is also holding its arraiá with quadrilhas live shows will entertain the public throughout the month of June including the forrozeiros from Bicho de Pé The people of ZL can now enjoy the traditional Festas Juninas at Interlar Aricanduva! There will be plenty of delicacies for the public to enjoy, such as fogazza, hot dogs, canjica, green corn, pamonha and more. As well as ground ribs, barbecue and lots of craft beer! To complement this, forró and sertanejo shows, bingo, elegant mail and interactive gangs make the June atmosphere even more present. Pet friendlyevent. 📆 Friday, Saturday and Sunday; 07, 08, 09, 14, 15 and 16/06 🕘 From 12pm to 10pm 📍 Shopping Interlar Aricanduva: Avenida Aricanduva, 5555 – Vila Matilde 🎫 Free View this post on Instagram A post shared by Centro Comercial Aricanduva (@shoppingaricanduva) The traditional arraiá at Shopping Anália Franco is back, this time bringing Northeastern culture to São Paulo. In addition to the typical decorations, the event will feature groups of cordel tellers, who will narrate stories for children and adults. Performances take place on Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. 📆 Every day until 23/06 🕘 Saturday from 12pm to 10pm; Sunday from 10am to 10pm 📍 Shopping Anália Franco: Avenida Reg. Feijó, 1739 – Tatuapé 🎫 Free Our next tip also combines the festive atmosphere with good causes. The festival will be organized by Casa do Zezinho, a social institution that assists children and young people in vulnerable situations in São Paulo’s South Zone, and will have the support of Shopping Parque da Cidade. There will be food stalls, fashion stalls and June games at affordable prices, 100% of which will be donated to the NGO’s work. On Wednesday 12th, it will also be possible to watch the traditional quadrille of the young people assisted by the Casa. 📆 11, 12 e 13/06 🕘 From 11 a.m. to 4 p.m 📍 City Park Complex: 14401 United Nations Avenue 🎫 Free View this post on Instagram A post shared by Casa do Zezinho (@casadozezinho) This weekend, the MIS internal garden will be transformed into a beautiful June party! Enjoy typical food and recreational activities such as costume contest and quiz show “Chaves: The Exhibition”, on display at the museum. 📆 15 e 16/06 🕘 From 11am to 7pm 📍 MIS Experience: Rua Cenno Sbrighi, 250 – Água Branca 🎫 Free (entry to the June party does not entitle you to entry to the exhibition) View this post on Instagram A post shared by MIS Experience (@misexperience) With a Festas Juninas, the next Mamma Mia will have typical seasonal foods such as quentão, mulled wine and rice pud ding. What’s more, on Saturday there will be a forró perfect for dancing, and even animal donations! 📆 22 e 23/06 🕘 From 10 a.m. to 7 p.m 📍 Casa Panamericana: Avenida Prof. Fonseca Rodrigues, 197 – Alto de Pinheiros 🎫 Free View this post on Instagram A post shared by MAMMA MIA • EVENTO ITINERANTE (@mammamia.eventos) Country duo shows, June food and lots of games for the little ones await you at Clube Esperia’s arraiá. Be sure not to miss out! 📆 29 e 30/06 🕘 Saturday from 5pm to midnight; Sunday from 12pm to 11pm 📍 Clube Esperia: Avenida Santos Dumont, 1313 – Santana 🎫 Free for members and children up to 10 years old. From R$ 30 for the general public, on the Multiclubes platform View this post on Instagram A post shared by Clube Esperia (@clubeesperiaoficial) Here comes the first edition of the Pinacoteca de São Paulo’s Festas Juninas 📆 29/06 🕘 From 1pm to 8pm 📍 Praça da Pina Contemporary 🎫 Free The capital’s largest indoor park is also holding its Festas Juninas in São Paulo the park’s customers will receive tickets to pick up typical food from the stalls As well as enjoying all the attractions it has to offer 📆 15 e 16/06 🕘 From 1pm to 8pm 📍 Praça da Pina Contemporary 🎫 Depending on length of stay and attractions chosen Parque da Mônica offers special performances for children Rosinha and the whole gang will be putting on very “June” shows to celebrate the date with lots of surprises and fun for the little ones 📆 Until 30/06 🕘 Presentations always from 14h to 14h20 📍 Shopping SP Market – Av Tite: “It’s time to take care of myself” — coach steps away from game Brazil set to appoint foreign coach for the first time in 100 years The 20-year-old Atletico Piauiense defender was chasing a ball near the opposition’s goal when a tackle sent him crashing face-first into the hard structure The game was immediately stopped as players rushed to his aid Melk was stretchered off and taken to Dirceu Arcoverde Hospital by ambulance where medics performed tests and administered stitches to a facial wound doctors found no signs of long-term damage and his club later confirmed that he was conscious and stable Footage of the incident showed the player lying semi-conscious on the ground holding his head as blood poured from his wound Even the opposing defender who had beaten him to the ball frantically called for medical assistance Fans watching the shocking moment later criticized the stadium infrastructure with many demanding that the dangerous wall be removed released an official statement: “Melk was admitted to Dirceu Arcoverde Hospital where he was treated and given stitches We’re continuing to monitor his evolution and giving him all the support he needs.” The shocking incident has sparked calls for improved player safety measures in Brazilian football Nogomania.com is a premier destination for football enthusiasts delivering fresh and in-depth content from the heart of the Ex-Yu region's football scene This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.