The house is divided into four distinct structures connected by external pathways that guide residents and visitors both physically and visually
and an open space for storing a vintage Beetle car
The social block features a gathering room
and a gazebo that offers panoramic views of the landscape
Instead of imposing a large built volume onto the site
the design fragments the house to preserve existing flows of energy
This approach aims to minimize disruption to the natural environment
allowing the house to camouflage itself within the grand natural landscape of the Araripe National Forest
The design team at AzulPitanga employs rammed earth walls for their thermal inertia and ability to regulate interior temperatures
The rooms are oriented to receive sunlight from the east and west
with protective elements such as small balconies and closets shielding them from the harsh western sun
Bathrooms feature large windows that open to the landscape
reinforcing the residents’ desire to bathe in nature
Natural stone flooring in the bathrooms enhances this experience
The social block is defined by two parallel Barbalha stone walls and a large rectangular slab roof supported by four recessed pillars
The east and west facades incorporate a half-timbering technique using massaranduba wood bars sealed with reinforced mortar
The design includes large sliding shutter doors and an external stone wall staircase leading to a rooftop viewpoint
VV House by AzulPitanga nestles among coconut trees at the foot of Chapada Nacional do Araripe in Barbalha
The project preserves a water line that crosses the land during rainy periods
maintaining the flow of water to the Arajara River
The circulation axis of the house follows the natural topography
integrating ramps and terraces among the trees
This design ensures that the house is born from its surroundings
respecting and maintaining the pre-existing natural flows
The design reflects the clients’ philosophy of living in harmony with natural energies
with its minimalist architecture and Mediterranean identity
embodying a delicate balance between tradition and modernity
VV House by AzulPitanga exemplifies a sensitive and sustainable approach to architecture
integrating seamlessly with its environment while providing functional and aesthetic living spaces
VV House utilizes local materials such as Barbalha stone and rammed earth
the house is divided into four distinct structures connected by external pathways
AzulPitanga’s design allows the house to camouflage itself within the natural landscape of the forest
rammed earth walls provide thermal inertia
regulating interior temperatures effectively
the social block offers panoramic views of the landscape
VV House’s layout integrates ramps and terraces among the trees
facades incorporate massaranduba wood bars
name: VV House / Casa VV lead designers: André Moraes
architect: AzulPitanga | @azul.pitanga
designboom has received this project from our DIY submissions feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their own work for publication. see more project submissions from our readers here.
edited by: christina vergopoulou | designboom
AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function
but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style
Metrics details
This study reports a set of primeval marine incursions identified in two drill cores
Based on a multi-proxy approach involving stratigraphy
three short-lived marine incursions were identified
designated Araripe Marine Incursions (AMI) 1–3
which occur within the shales of the Batateira Beds (lower part of the Barbalha Formation)
were identified by the occurrence of benthonic foraminifera
and a mass mortality event of non-marine ostracods
AMI-3 was recognized in the upper part of the Barbalha Formation
based on the occurrence of ichnofossils and planktonic foraminifera
The observation of the planktonic foraminifera genus Leupoldina for the first time in the basin indicates early Aptian/early late Aptian age for these deposits
and the first opportunity of correlation with global foraminifera biozonation
Our findings have implications for the breakup of the Gondwana Supercontinent
as these incursions represent the earliest marine-derived flooding events in the inland basins of northeastern Brazil
The geological record of northeastern Brazilian marginal and interior basins is fundamental for obtaining temporal and geographical constraints for the first marine incursions in the region
including their provenance and relationship with the relative motions between the incipient African and South American plates
and geochemical approaches is essential to obtain a clearer image of these ingressions and the relationship between the Tethys and the proto-South Atlantic waters
as well as the development of a more accurate paleogeographical model for this time interval
The recognition of marine incursions within these basins provides essential information to help decipher the pathways of this major geological event
and microbiofaciological data for the Barbalha Formation
the lowermost stratigraphic unit of the post-rift sequence of the basin and allowed identification of the primeval marine incursions in northeastern Brazil
and its deposits lay atop Precambrian terrains (Piancó-Alto Brígida and Granjeiro)
in the transversal domain of the Borborema Province
Eight species belonging to three genera of non-marine ostracods were identified in borehole 1PS-06-CE (Fig. 4a–h), with moderate to good preservation. Recovered species include Candonopsis? alagoensis, Candona? sp., Pattersoncypris alta, Pattersoncypris micropapillosa, Pattersoncypris salitrensis, Pattersoncypris angulata, Pattersoncypris sp. 1, and Pattersoncypris sp. 2.
99.30 m); (g) Pattersoncypris micropappilosa (right lateral view; 1PS-06-CE
99.30 m); (h) Theriosynoecum silvai (right valve
Calcareous nannofossils: (n–s) Ascidian spicule (1PS-06-CE
Ostracod abundance varies throughout this borehole
there is a remarkably high abundance of well-preserved and articulated specimens (particularly at depths 99.80 and 99.30 m
with over 1000 individuals in each sample)
abundance and diversity of the ostracod fauna decreases considerably
Calcareous nannofossils were recovered only in borehole 1PS-06-CE, in the fine-grained facies of the Batateira Beds (Fig. 4n–u)
We recorded poorly- to well-preserved ascidian spicules at 112.30 m and five specimens of calcareous dinocyst fragments (Thoracosphaera spp.) at 114.70 m
Key microfossil species recovered (1PS-06-CE and 1PS-10-CE boreholes): (a) Leupoldina sp
39.20 m); (d) Serpulids (collar = white arrows) (1PS-10-CE
99.30 m); (g,h) Wackestone and packstone with ostracods (1PS-06-CE
99.30 m); (i) Wackestone with ostracods and serpulids (red frame corresponds to image “(j)”) (1PS-06-CE
99.30 m); (j) Detail view of wackestone with ostracod shells and serpulid tubes (red arrows) (1PS-06-CE
99.30 m); (k) Sergipea variverrucata (1PS-10-CE
Globigerinelloides specimens were identified by their typical planispiral biumbilicate coiling in equatorial sections
The stratigraphic positions of the biomarkers discussed in this chapter are shown in the Supplementary Material (SM)
The absence of globally distributed marine microfossils in the Brazilian interior basins has historically prevented their correlation with global chronostratigraphic charts, therefore they have only been calibrated using local biozones so far. Here we report for the first time the occurrence of Leupoldina spp. in the Barbalha Formation, in thin sections (Fig. 5a)
The lack of representatives of typical lower Aptian palynomorph-based biozones is probably due to paleoclimate exclusion41
We contend that paleoclimate dynamics might have controlled the local appearance and disappearance of plant species
which directly affected the palynostratigraphic records
The presence of agglutinating foraminifera in the sandstone deposits (1PS-10-CE) indicates brackish conditions possibly due to deltaic influence in this system
resting above the fluvial facies of both wells
reveals a generalized flooding event associated with an increase in the relative sea level
reinforces the hypothesis of establishment of fully marine conditions during this interval
the Batateira Beds record the reestablishment of lacustrine environments following a sea level drop
associated with rhizobioturbation in facies F3 also indicate eventual subaerial exposure
They are an impoverished expression of the Cruziana ichnofacies due to the introduction of brackish conditions in the distal portions of the fluvial setting
These ichnological characteristics might reflect stressful conditions caused by salinity changes
the presence of Scolicia associated with the Srw lithofacies suggests that salinity was sufficient to sporadically support the establishment of a stenohaline fauna
The ichnological assemblages and micropaleontological data support this interpretation of flooding in both boreholes
We dated the deposits of the Barbalha Formation for the first time based on the recovery of the planktonic foraminifera genera Leupoldina and Globigerinelloides
which corresponds to the early Aptian/early late Aptian interval
Three marine incursions (AMI-1 to AMI-3) were identified in the Barbalha Formation based on a multi-proxy analysis (micropaleontological
The lower two occur in the Batateira Beds (lower Barbalha Formation)
recording the primeval marine incursions into the Araripe Basin related to the breakup of the Gondwana
and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean
is characterized by an abundance of the agglutinated foraminifera
and minor occurrence of organic-walled dinocysts and calcareous dinocysts
in the laminite deposits of the Batateira Beds of borehole 1PS-06-CE
The mass mortality event of non-marine ostracods reinforces this marine incursion event
in the upper part of the Barbalha Formation
is characterized by the occurrence of bioturbation mainly represented by Scolicia
as well as the presence of planktonic foraminifera Leupoldina spp
These incursions are the oldest recorded so far related to the breakup of the Gondwana Supercontinent and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean
and paleomagnetism will contribute to the characterization of these marine deposits
as well as the routes taken by these marine incursions
We described and analyzed core samples taken from boreholes 1PS-06-CE and 1PS-10-CE, drilled by the Santana II Project53 in the eastern portion of the Araripe Basin
and micropaleontological analyses were completed
preferentially done in the fine siliciclastic and limestone lithologies (shales
we provide the full dataset of microfossils/microbiofacies in the supplementary materials (SM)
The characterization of the sedimentary facies of boreholes 1PS-06-CE and 1PS-10-CE followed the usual methods
with description of physical sedimentary structures and basic lithology
Intervals with no recovery were interpreted based on the accompanying well drilling data
namely gamma-ray values (indirect data); a small portion was obtained from cut samples
For the purposes of stratigraphic correlation
the laminite deposits of the Batateira Beds
in the lower part of the Barbalha Formation
the levels containing serpulids and the ostracods mass mortality event
identification of ichnotaxa was hampered by the loss of ichnotaxonomical features
as well as the restrictions inherent to observations made using two-dimensional core surfaces
due to its geographical proximity and relevant correlation to the stratigraphic sequence
and consisted of the immersion of 20 g of sediment in 200 mL of deionized water with 3 mL of Extran for 24 h
The sediments were then washed through 250
we imaged the most representative specimens in an EVO/MA15 Zeiss scanning electron microscope (SEM)
No planktonic foraminifera species were recovered in washed samples
probably due to the strong cementation and poor preservation of the material in the sampled interval
their analysis was only possible through the thin sections made for microbiofacies studies
All the studied material is currently stored in the micropaleontologic collection of the Museu de História Geológica do Rio Grande do Sul (MHGRS)
under the curatorial numbers ULVG 13482 to ULVG 13491
Minimums of 200 palynomorphs were counted in each sample for the palynological method
identification and counting were carried out with a Zeiss Imager.A2 microscope
using bright field illumination and incident blue light (fluorescence mode) at 200×
Photomicrographs were taken using a Zeiss AxioCam MRc (Micropaleontology Reference Center) digital camera
Our palynological analysis recorded pollen grains
The slides are stored in the collection of the MHGRS
under the curatorial numbers ULVG 13595 to ULVG 13682
Sample preparation for calcareous nannofossil analysis followed the decantation methodology described in Bown and Young57
Each sediment sample was fragmented in an agate mortar and placed in a Falcon tube with 40 mL of deionized water
The solution was stirred for 30 s and then set to decant for five minutes
The supernatant (approximately 0.2 mL) was then collected
the coverslip was placed on a slide with Norland optical adhesive 61 and cured under UV light
The slides were examined using a Zeiss Axio Imager.A2 microscope
Data was processed using the software Zen 3.0 (blue edition) for micrometric measurements
under the curatorial numbers ULVG 13492 to ULVG 13594
Lithology and preservation degree throughout the cored sections controlled the sampling interval
Select intervals of alternated mudstone-packstone and shale-siltstone required higher sampling density
while coarser-grained intervals were strategically undersampled
We used a ZEISS Axioscope 5 petrographic microscope for microfossil identification and lithologic analysis
We defined six semi-quantitative categories representing relative abundance
based on the number of specimens of foraminifera counted: very abundant (> 40)
under the curatorial numbers ULVG 13685 to ULVG 13722
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials
Ogg, J. G., Ogg, G. M. & Gradstein, F. M. Cretaceous. in A Concise Geologic Time Scale. 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-59467-9.00013-3 (Elsevier
Oceanic anoxic events and plankton evolution: Biotic response to tectonic forcing during the mid-Cretaceous
Evolving ideas about the Cretaceous climate and ocean circulation
A new starting point for the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Channell, J. E. T., Erba, E., Nakanishi, M. & Tamaki, K. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous time scales and oceanic magnetic anomaly block models. in Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.95.04.0051 (SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
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Sequências deposicionais do Andar Alagoas da Bacia do Araripe
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Tectonic history of the Borborema Province
in Tectonic Evolution of the South America
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Fambrini, G. L. et al. Caracterização dos Sistemas Deposicionais da Formação Barbalha, Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. Vol. 103. http://www.lneg.pt/iedt/unidades/16/paginas/26/30/209 (2016)
Biostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous microfossils from the Araripe Basin
The age of the Cretaceous Santana Formation fossil Konservat Lagerstätte of north–east Brazil: A historical review and an appraisal of the biochronostratigraphic utility of its palaeobiota
Chronostratigraphic constraints and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Romualdo Formation (Santana Group
New marine data and age accuracy of the Romualdo Formation
Araripe, R. C. et al. Upper Aptian–Lower Albian of the southern-central Araripe Basin, Brazil: Microbiostratigraphic and paleoecological inferences. J. South Am. Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSAMES.2022.103814 (2022)
Sedimentação e Tectônica da Bacia do Araripe
Stratigraphical propose to the post-rift-I tectonic-sedimentary sequence of Araripe Basin
in 2° International Congress on Stratigraphy
Mercury chemostratigraphy as a proxy of volcanic-driven environmental changes in the Aptian-Albian transition
Late Barremian/Early Aptian Re–Os age of the Ipubi Formation black shales: Stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental implications for Araripe Basin
U/Pb geochronology of fossil fish dentine from Romualdo Formation
Análise estratigráfica da Bacia do Araripe
Análise tectonossedimentar das fases início de rifte e clímax de rifte da Bacia do Araripe
Chagas, D.B. Litoestratigrafia da Bacia do Araripe: Reavaliação e propostas para revisão. in Dissertation (MSc). 1–112. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92893 (2006)
Exceptional preservation of soft tissues by microbial entombment: Insights into the taphonomy of the Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte
The transgressive-regressive cycle of the Romualdo Formation (Araripe Basin): Sedimentary archive of the Early Cretaceous marine ingression in the interior of Northeast Brazil
Aptian marine ingression in the Araripe Basin: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction and evaporite accumulation
Foraminifera and Ostracoda from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–lower Albian) Romualdo Formation
northeast Brazil: Paleoenvironmental inferences
Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentation in an evolving epicontinental sea: Aptian record of marginal marine settings in the interior basins of north-eastern Brazil
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many-chambered representatives of the genus Globigerinelloides
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Early Cretaceous ostracod biostratigraphy of eastern Brazil and western Africa: An overview
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in Boletim do 5° Simpósio Sobre o Cretáceo do Brasil
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The authors acknowledge the research and development project entitled “Mar Interior: Incursões marinhas e a bioestratigrafia do Cretáceo Inferior nas Bacias Interiores do Nordeste do Brasil,” sponsored by Petrobras S.A.
for funding this study; the National Mining Agency (Agência Nacional de Mineração-ANM/Brazil) for providing the studied samples; and itt Oceaneon/Unisinos for providing the facilities during the preparation
and Renata Guimarães Netto for their helpful taxonomic and paleoecological discussions; and to Victória Herder Sander
for all laboratory support during sample preparation and processing techniques
GF was sponsored by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Brazil: grant number 308087/2019-4)
and MLA is a research fellow of CNPq (grant number 310955/2021-1)
we’d like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their contributions to the manuscript
Instituto Tecnológico de Paleoceanografia e Mudanças Climáticas (itt Oceaneon)
Marlone Heliara Hünnig Bom & Alessandra Santos
Mauro Daniel Rodrigues Bruno & Marlone Heliara Hünnig Bom
Amanda Santa Catharina & Mario Luis Assine
performed the descriptive research of palynomorphs
performed the descriptive research of ostracods
performed the descriptive research of microbiofacies and foraminifera
performed the descriptive research of calcareous nannofossils
The authors declare no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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Text description provided by the architects. Son of Iemanjá, Father of Saint, Son of Candomblé... it could be a story about the religion of African origin, as well as the elements coming from terreiros (houses and community complexes) to give rise to a shelter. Refúgio do Sol, as the name suggests: is a small cozy shelter that protects users from the scorching sun in the heart of the Brazilian hinterland.
The drums gave space for the body movements of piling and throwing the earth: the rammed earth and the wattle and daub, respectively. Stringed instruments gave way to sewing thread to fix the plastic mesh, the skeleton of the reinforced mortar that makes up the hydraulic block.
© Igor RibeiroThe artisanal construction process provided a unique experience
transforming each stage into an experimental site
This approach allowed everyone involved in the work and passersby to experience an enriching process
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contribute to the house’s substantiality
The design language navigates between the objective lines of brutalism and industrialism
is exclusively located on the upper floor.
showcases strategic spatial integration on a limited plot
the design prioritizes seamless integration of internal spaces with exterior landscaping
visual privacy is maintained through closed facades facing the exterior
the upper floor of Vão House houses the private sector
the ground floor features a vast open space for social activities
enclosed blocks on the ground floor serve specific functions
external walls appear closed from the outside but feature strategic openings for ventilation and natural light
materials such as red bricks and concrete blocks contribute to the design’s industrial style
the purist aesthetic of Vão House is evident in its concise relationship between blocks and structure
architect: FB+MP Architects | @fbmparquitetos lead architects: Felipe Barros and Mateus Pinheiro location: Barbalha
photography: Igor Ribeiro | @igorilr
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