Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article Augusto Roa Bastos (born June 13, 1917, Iturbe, Paraguay—died April 26, 2005, Asunción) was a Latin American novelist, short-story writer, and film scriptwriter of national and international fame and during the 1960s he wrote other film scripts Stories collected in El baldío (1966; “The Untilled”) treat tenderly and understandingly the problems of Paraguayan exiles In some of the stories there is a clear indictment of civil war atrocities The story collections Los pies sobre el agua (1967; “The Feet on the Water”) and Madera quemada (1967; “Burnt Madeira”) rework psychologically and existentially themes used earlier Roa Bastos’s most ambitious work, the novel Yo, el supremo (1974; I, the Supreme, in bilingual edition) is based on the life of Francia and covers more than a hundred years of Paraguayan history Posted by on Monday, March 3, 2025 in News André was awarded the 2025 Young Investigator Award The purpose of the Young Investigator Award is to recognize outstanding contributions by scientists early in their career Two awardees are named by the Awards Committee Laminar Neurophysiology (MaDeLaNe) recordings suggest Predictive Coding is implemented via Predictive Routing Young Investigator Award – Cognitive Neuroscience Society Already a subscriber? Log In The No. 2 pound-for-pound women’s Gi grappler in the world was shocked at the 2025 IBJJF Pan Jiu Jitsu Championship on March 22 in Kissemee 2 women’s Gi Grappler at FloGrappling and behind just No was upset by Thaynara Victoria in the Black Belt Light Feather division.  A black belt from Brazil and a IBJJF World Champion in the Blue Victoria’s win is one of the biggest upsets of the second leg of the IBJJF Grand Slam.  Bastos was the overwhelming favorite to win her class with IBJJF Pan Championships in 2019 The IBJJF Grand Slam is a collection of four major gi tournaments throughout the season.  Get the most important Jiu-Jitsu stories delivered straight to your inbox Mayssa Bastos knows she’s in for a stiff test when she makes her first ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title defense On December 6 in U.S. primetime, the Brazilian superstar will rematch former titleholder Danielle Kelly at ONE Fight Night 26: Lee vs. Rasulov on Prime Video, which airs live from Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) The pair first collided in August at ONE Fight Night 24 fast-paced decision victory to dethrone the American and become the first-ever ONE Submission Grappling World Champion from Brazil Looking back on her World Title-winning performance the 27-year-old said she was pleased with her performance but needs to improve her finishing mechanics and step up her aggression in order to retain the 26 pounds of gold Bastos told onefc.com: “I thought I fought well, but there were some adjustments missing. I managed to land some finishing attacks, but I needed a little more adjustment to get the submission. What surprised me was that she was a little more aggressive than I was expecting.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Indeed, Kelly came out guns blazing in the first bout, scoring a catch with an inside heel hook attempt around the match’s midway point. Bastos roared back with submission attacks of her own and latched onto a belly-down heel hook attempt to even the score at one catch apiece – and ultimately earn the judges’ nod. A master technician who is widely regarded as having one of the sport’s most dynamic guard games, Bastos has watched that match carefully and identified some potential weaknesses in Kelly’s arsenal. While she’s not about to reveal her game plan, the submission grappling queen promises more offense at ONE Fight Night 26: “Studying our last fight, I saw that she has some gaps. At the moment, I’m not going to say what those gaps are because I want to surprise her in the fight. “But what I can say is that I intend to be a little more aggressive in this fight and make her expose herself more because she will start to make a few more mistakes and then the gaps will appear.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) With more aggression could come more opportunities to find the match-ending submission. Now a ONE World Champion who has proven time and time again to be one of the best in history, Bastos doesn’t just want to defend her gold – she wants the finish: “This time I see this fight ending in a submission. I think we’ll both be very focused on making that happen, on making a better fight. “I’m very focused on making adjustments to finish the fight because that’s my goal. I want to go out there, put on a show for the fans, and come out with the victory.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Mayssa Bastos knows that if she’s able to submit Danielle Kelly on December 6, she’ll likely be in line for a coveted US$50,000 performance bonus – a practically unheard-of sum in the still-growing sport of submission grappling. She walked away with a performance bonus in her first battle with Kelly and admits that it gives her plenty of inspiration to put on an electrifying performance in the rematch: “It’s a very good motivation, right? There’s nothing better than being rewarded for having had a great performance. The reward is very good, so it just motivates me.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Of course, Bastos is happy to have received a bonus previously. Never one to settle for mediocrity, though, she aims to not only win another US$50,000 but to outdo herself and secure a more decisive victory. “In the first fight, I got this performance bonus, and my goal is to get this award again. In fact, my goal is to have a better performance and come out with a victory by submission. “If I win the prize, I will save and invest it, like I did last time.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) « Back Danielle Kelly is getting her rematch. The American will try to reclaim the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling Champion from Mayssa Bastos at ONE Fight Night 26: Lee vs. Rasulov on Friday The two grapplers met at ONE Fight Night 24 with Bastos securing a narrow unanimous decision victory due to her aggression and leg lock attempts and Kelly was vocal about wanting the rematch Kelly has been one of the stars of the submission grappling roster She captured the inaugural atomweight crown against rival Jessa Khan at ONE Fight Night 14 Kelly took on her most formidable challenge in Bastos The Brazilian is one of the most decorated women in BJJ Bastos made an immediate statement with her dominant decision win against Kanae Yamada in her promotional debut with both women seeing some success and dealing with the expert defense of their opponent With that knowledge downloaded into their minds the rematch makes for one of the year’s top grappling contests The ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling Title showdown joins Christian Lee defending the ONE Lightweight MMA Championship against Alibeg Rasulov atop the card for ONE Fight Night 26 on Prime Video ONE Fight Night 26 airs live and free on Prime Video on Friday to all Amazon Prime members based in the U.S The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future is pleased to welcome Arash Azizi and Fabrício Chagas-Bastos as Visiting Fellows for the 2024-25 academic year Fabrício H. Chagas-Bastos is a Visiting Scholar in the Weatherhead Scholars Program at Harvard University He is an assistant professor of political science and EU Marie Curie Fellow at the University of Copenhagen His research examines how non-Western states and individuals behave toward formal and informal mechanisms of global governance his research will specifically explore the interrelations between technological developments and geopolitical strategies focusing on how these factors influence the current and future world order Tagged: Ana Bastos is a professor of Land-Atmosphere Interactions at Leipzig University an advert caught my eye: “become a bus driver” my first supervision duties and teaching — all on top of adjusting to a new country and managing a long-distance relationship I told my doctor that my deepest wish was to fall asleep and never wake up Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02911-7 This is an article from the Nature Careers Community, a place for Nature readers to share their professional experiences and advice. Guest posts are encouraged How we call out the infuriating mistakes we spot in school science textbooks My fight to unlock cannabis and psychedelic drugs for use in medical research Star ecologist ‘blurred boundaries’ in lab — but colleagues criticize investigation Huge reproducibility project fails to validate dozens of biomedical studies UNIL is a leading international teaching and research institution with over 5,000 employees and 17,000 students split between its Dorigny campus Department of Energy and Environmental Materials and advance cancer research in a leading translational institute Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute We are seeking a tenure-track associate professor to promote interdisciplinary research in nanoprobe life sciences or related interdisciplinary field • Studying the development and metabolism of lymph nodes through melanoma metastasis Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Combat sports fans are already primed for a highly-anticipated ONE 169 card next Friday (November 8) when ONE's three-division champion Anatoly Malykhin defends his heavyweight title against Oumar “Reug Reug” Kane in an incredible main event in Bangkok (Exclusive) Adriano Moraes on ONE 169 & Demetrious Johnson Rivalry ONE 169 was also supposed to include the return of current ONE two-division champion Christian Lee against undefeated challenger Alibeg Rasulov but earlier this week the promotion announced that fight will now feature as the main event for ONE Fight Night 26 in Singapore on December 6 With the night’s headliner already in place ONE Championship has confirmed to MMA Knockout that the co-main event for ONE Fight Night 26 will see Danielle Kelly attempt to reclaim the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling title from Mayssa Bastos in a huge rematch Bastos will defend her title for the first time in a rematch with Kelly at ONE Fight Night 26 / (ONE ChampionshipA member of the ONE Championship roster since 2022 Kelly’s promotional debut against longtime ONE veteran Mei Yamaguchi ended in a draw before she scored three-straight wins capped off by a unanimous decision against Jessa Khan to claim ONE’s inaugural Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling title at ONE Fight Night 14 last year Takeru vs. Rodtang Confirmed After Stunning ONE Friday Fights KO Kelly was booked to defend her belt against Bastos at ONE Fight Night 24 in August following the latter grappler’s successful promotional debut against Kanae Yamada and the Brazilian earned a unanimous decision in that matchup to claim ONE Championship gold Kelly lost her title to Bastos via unanimous decision at ONE Fight Night 24 / (ONE Championship)The highly-anticipated rematch between Kelly and Bastos is another huge addition to ONE Fight Night 26 after Lee vs and fans can look forward to more fights being announced in the coming weeks as December 6 draws closer Stick with MMA Knockout for more FREE coverage of the UFC Follow MMA Knockout on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram DREW BEAUPREDrew is an MMA writer that regularly watches regional events in addition to major promotions such as the UFC, PFL, Bellator, and ONE Championship. He joined MMA Knockout when it was founded in 2023. The content on this site is for entertainment and educational purposes only Betting and gambling content is intended for individuals 21+ and is based on individual commentators' opinions and not that of Sports Illustrated or its affiliates All picks and predictions are suggestions only and not a guarantee of success or profit If you or someone you know has a gambling problem crisis counseling and referral services can be accessed by calling 1-800-GAMBLER Brazilian superstar Mayssa Bastos has finally added 26 pounds of ONE Championship gold to her jam-packed trophy case that already featured nine BJJ World Titles On August 2 in U.S. primetime, Bastos scored a hard-fought, fast-paced decision win over American sensation Danielle Kelly to capture the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title. That contest went down at Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand, and showcased world-class grappling from start to finish. Bastos spent much of the bout’s opening minutes relentlessly attacking from her vaunted open guard, inverting upside down multiple times to nearly take the defending World Champion’s back. Kelly gamely evaded the challenger’s attacks and showed an amped-up level of activity and aggression in the scrambles. The tables turned around the match’s midpoint when Kelly scored a catch for a deep inside heel hook. In response, Bastos picked up her submission hunting, putting a frantic pace on the Philadelphia native. With just a minute remaining, Bastos worked her way into a deep leg entanglement and nearly secured a belly-down heel hook of her own. That dangerous submission attempt earned her a catch to even the score at 1-1. judges awarded Bastos the unanimous decision making her the new ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Champion and the first-ever Brazilian to wear ONE submission grappling gold ONE Chairman and CEO Chatri Sityodtong awarded the new titleholder a US$50,000 performance bonus Now boasting a career record of 119-12 after handing Kelly her first defeat in ONE the 26-year-old has cemented her status as the sport’s undeniable best at atomweight At ONE Fight Night 24: Brooks vs. Balart on Prime Video, Brazilian sensation Mayssa Bastos lived up to the massive hype surrounding her when she defeated American superstar Danielle Kelly to claim the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title. That contest aired live in U.S. primetime on August 2 from Bangkok’s Lumpinee Stadium and had the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu world captivated. That’s because Kelly – a dangerous and well-rounded submission hunter – came into the match undefeated in ONE, having beaten IBJJF World Champion Jessa Khan to claim the atomweight submission grappling crown last September. But with her ultra-aggressive guard game and a close look at a heel hook late in the match, Bastos was able to secure a unanimous decision win, put an end to the Philadelphia native’s run of dominance, and leave Thailand with 26 pounds of gold in tow. After the victory, the elated newly crowned titleholder spoke to the media: “It feels great. Right now, it’s really hard for me to describe, but I’m really, really happy. “I think it’s special because I’m the first Brazilian to ever win [submission grappling gold], especially because it was a title that I did not have yet, and also [it’s] for my legacy.” Indeed, Bastos had already established herself as the greatest-ever BJJ competitor of the sport’s lightest weight classes, boasting an incredible nine IBJJF World Titles as a black belt. Her win over Kelly further cements her as the best atomweight jiu-jitsu fighter on the planet and enters her into the pound-for-pound discussion. However, looking back on the match, the Brazilian admits that Kelly’s clubbing collar ties on the feet – which drew a warning from referee Herb Dean – took her by surprise: “I think she came really aggressive. I was expecting [her to be] aggressive. I was kind of surprised, the way that she went after me on the feet.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) Despite her foe’s physicality and aggression, Bastos maintained her composure and stuck to the game plan. As the clock wound down, she knew she needed to score one more catch (a near-submission attempt). She did just that, using her favorite berimbolo to get into a leg entanglement where she attacked a deep, belly-down heel hook. The 26-year-old said that submission felt close to ending the match, and with just a few more minutes, she may have been able to submit the notoriously tough Kelly: “I feel like my last catch was the best catch of the match. So I feel like if we maybe had a little bit more time, I would [have been] able to [finish her].” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) Now Brazil’s first-ever ONE Submission Grappling World Champion, Mayssa Bastos can look forward to a bevy of hungry contenders. Never one to pick and choose her opponents, though, she said she’s open to facing any and all contenders: “Right now, I don’t have anyone in mind, but anyone who wants to fight me, I would be happy to fight.” At the top of the list of potential World Title challengers is Danielle Kelly herself. The former titleholder undoubtedly wants a rematch and a chance to prove she deserved the decision at ONE Fight Night 24. For her part, Bastos has no problem running it back with the American: “Yes, for sure, I would be happy to fight [Kelly] again.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by ART OF JIU JITSU (@artofjiujitsu) For her World Title-winning efforts in that high-paced, all-action victory, the Art of Jiu-Jitsu representative took home a well-deserved US$50,000 performance bonus. “I was really happy. I wasn’t expecting to win a bonus. It was kind of a surprise, but a really good one.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) The co-main event of ONE Fight Night 24: Brooks vs. Balart on Prime Video will see two of jiu-jitsu’s top technicians lock horns in a highly anticipated World Title clash This Friday, in U.S. primetime, reigning ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Champion Danielle Kelly will defend her gold for the first time against decorated Brazilian superstar Mayssa Bastos. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Each woman will bring a wealth of elite experience, dangerous submission-hunting skills, and plenty of motivation to that contest, as the winner will leave with 26 pounds of gold and establish herself as the planet’s best atomweight submission grappler. Here, we break down the biggest keys to victory on both sides before the action begins at Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand. Any match involving Bastos is essentially guaranteed to see the berimbolo – a complex technique that involves inverting upside down and controlling the opponent’s hips with the ultimate goal of securing back control Already a nine-time IBJJF World Champion, the 26-year-old has made the berimbolo the foundation of her game, and she possesses arguably the best version in all of grappling. Bastos will undoubtedly be hunting for the berimbolo against Kelly – and will constantly be looking to take the back, where she can slow down her foe’s aggressive style. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Danielle Kelly (@daniellekellybjj) The defending titleholder is a serious submission threat from practically any position, but against Bastos, she’s likely to employ her elite leg-lock game. Because the Brazilian favors the berimbolo so strongly, she often exposes her legs to counter leg locks – and that’s exactly when Kelly should attack. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) The American has cemented herself as one of the sport’s most talented leg-lockers boasting submission wins by a wide variety of lower-body attacks In fact, Kelly’s World Title-winning performance against Jessa Khan last September came on the strength of a deep toehold attempt, and she’s likely to use the same tactic at ONE Fight Night 24. View this post on Instagram A post shared by IBJJF (@ibjjf) Even if Bastos is unable to secure a clean back-take with her berimbolo, she often uses the technique to gain the top position. From there, she goes to work with her criminally underrated pressure passing. Unlike her flexible and movement-based guard game, Bastos’ top-position approach focuses on stifling her opponent’s movement, applying suffocating pressure, and passing the guard with fundamental yet highly effective techniques, such as the knee-cut pass. What’s more, if Kelly has one weakness, it might be her guard retention. With that in mind, the challenger would be wise to fight for the top position, where she can employ her pressure passing to take control of the fight. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Danielle Kelly (@daniellekellybjj) In a division that is largely dominated by guard players Kelly has proven to be perhaps the best atomweight takedown artist on the planet this world-class wrestling game could pay dividends in a couple of key ways the Philadelphia native’s ability to dominate the wrestling exchanges will be a valuable show of aggression and grappling superiority should the match reach the judges’ scorecards Kelly’s takedown skills could allow her to bypass Bastos’ feared guard by landing in a dominant position – whether in side control Danielle Kelly won’t hold anything back when she rematches Mayssa Bastos for the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title on December 6 in U.S. primetime at ONE Fight Night 26: Lee vs. Rasulov on Prime Video at Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok. That night, the elite Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belts will run back their unforgettable August clash that saw Bastos wrest the belt away from the American superstar. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) the Brazilian employed her trademark open-guard game to fend off Kelly’s relentless guard-passing attempts and ultimately walk away with a closely contested decision and 26 pounds of ONE Championship gold That match marked the first defeat of Kelly’s ONE tenure and her first loss in nearly three years Now the challenger and no longer the World Champion, she told onefc.com that she’s approaching the second battle with a different mindset: “This time around, I don’t feel any pressure. I don’t feel any stress this time, which is pretty scary just because you’re kind of going out there, and you’re having this mindset of not having anything to lose. I’m just gonna go after her this time.” On paper, Kelly went into her first clash with Bastos as the underdog. After all, the 27-year-old Brazilian is an incredible nine-time IBJJF World Champion and widely recognized as the greatest competitor of all time in BJJ’s lightest weight divisions. But after 10 fast-paced minutes of back-and-forth action, the Philadelphia native proved not only that she belongs on the same level as her decorated rival – but also that she has the skills to emerge victorious. In fact, many viewers thought Kelly deserved the judges’ nod. With that in mind, the former titleholder said she won’t be intimidated by Bastos’ accolades: “I know I can beat her. Many people thought I beat her, not just my fans, it’s just the viewers that were watching the match. “I felt like I was putting a lot of pressure on myself when I shouldn’t. I was kinda giving her too much credit, which she deserves. Like, I’m not discrediting her or talking trash. I kinda put myself in a negative position where I was like, ‘Oh, man. She’s this and that.’ When I should’ve just gone out there and just not cared who she is, just go out there and attack.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Danielle Kelly (@daniellekellybjj) Kelly’s shift in mindset could make her a more dangerous grappler on December 6. She said that if there’s one lesson to be learned from her first match with Bastos, it’s that the latter is far from invincible. When they lock horns in Thailand next week, Kelly plans to pick up where she left off and get right to submission hunting: “She’s definitely beatable and submittable. The last couple seconds [of the first match], if there was a minute or two more, she was gonna get submitted.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Danielle Kelly (@daniellekellybjj) Even though Danielle Kelly is approaching her rematch with Mayssa Bastos with a confident yet carefree attitude, that doesn’t mean there’s not plenty on the line. The former atomweight submission grappling queen admits she’s thinking about the opportunity to reclaim her World Title – and the recognition that would come along with a win over one of BJJ’s best ever. “But, two, it’s definitely beating Mayssa, because, again, I don’t care about the numbers and rankings. But she is the most decorated girl in our weight class and below. So, beating her would definitely put me up there. “I feel like I am legit now, but I feel like just beating her, putting her name on my record of beating her, will just put me way higher.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Beyond the World Title that will be up for grabs, Kelly is focused on entertaining. It’s her aggressive, fearless approach to submission grappling that’s gained her legions of fans around the globe, and she aims to showcase that crowd-pleasing style yet again at ONE Fight Night 26: “I just wanna go out there and put on a good performance because that’s why people watch me – because I put on exciting matches. So if I don’t put on an exciting match, or if it’s not an exciting match, then I’m gonna be disappointed.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Danielle Kelly (@daniellekellybjj) That 10-minute submission-only showdown will take place on August 2 at the historic Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand – and represents the absolute pinnacle of elite grappling. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Bastos is widely recognized as the sport’s greatest-ever competitor in the lightest divisions She’s built that reputation on the strength of her world-renowned guard game and unstoppable berimbolo – an advanced technique that involves spinning upside-down to take the opponent’s back the 26-year-old recognizes that Kelly is equally dangerous from her guard although she prefers to attack leg locks rather than hunt for the back Considering each grappler’s well-rounded skillset Bastos says she must be prepared for any and all situations in this World Title clash She told onefc.com: “Our styles are very different, which makes the fight very interesting. We both play guard, but our guard styles are different. I do a lot of berimbolo and like to attack the back. She likes to attack legs more. But, I think I have a good top game. I play guard well and I can also pass guard well… I have to be sharp in all areas.” Despite her impressive resume outside of ONE, Bastos has competed just one time in the world’s largest martial arts organization – a hard-fought decision win over Kanae Yamada in March at ONE Fight Night 20. She admits that Kelly, with her sterling four-match unbeaten record in ONE, holds the experience edge when it comes to ONE’s submission grappling ruleset that emphasizes aggression and legitimate submission attempts above all else. While Bastos is certainly preparing a specific game plan to defeat the titleholder, she says that her primary focus remains her own jiu-jitsu: “She is very active in ONE events and she knows how to use the rules to her advantage, so that makes her very dangerous. I believe that is her strong point. “I am still studying her game, so the weaknesses that I saw in her game I will keep to myself, for now. But, I really believe in the work my team does. I try not to focus so much on her game. I know what she does, but the focus is on improving my jiu-jitsu so that I can show high-level jiu-jitsu when I fight. The focus is on me, showing a better version of myself.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) Ultimately, the Brazilian aims to not only defeat Kelly and leave Bangkok with 26 pounds of gold in tow, but to do so with an unforgettable submission finish. “I think the fight will end in submission – at least that will be my goal from start to finish. I don’t know where the submission will come from, but I give you the certainty of seeking control of the fight until the submission.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by IBJJF (@ibjjf) As one of the most accomplished Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competitors the sport has ever seen, Mayssa Bastos knows her resume is incomplete without a World Title in ONE Championship. She’s overjoyed to be challenging Danielle Kelly in just her second appearance in the organization: “It’s an incredible opportunity! I’ve always wanted and seen myself fighting in ONE. I was just waiting for an opportunity. This will be my second fight in ONE, and to already be fighting for the title is just incredible.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) For an athlete like Bastos, who has already established herself as a true pound-for-pound great, a ONE World Title means earning the global recognition she deserves. Now, as fans look forward to this high-stakes showdown at ONE Fight Night 24, the Brazilian is excited to showcase her immense talent on the biggest platform in martial arts: “Winning this title would bring recognition to the work I have done. Since ONE is a platform with global reach, it will help a lot. It would be great to show the world what I love to do and inspire people.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) American sensation Danielle Kelly is planning to make a statement in the highly anticipated first defense of her ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title The Philadelphia native will put her gold on the line against Brazilian superstar Mayssa Bastos on August 2 in U.S. primetime at ONE Fight Night 24: Brooks vs. Balart on Prime Video. Set to go down at Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok that match represents the stiffest test of Kelly’s ONE tenure Bastos is widely recognized as the sport’s best-ever competitor in the lightest weight divisions The defending titleholder is well aware of the decorated Brazilian’s many accomplishments outside of ONE – but she feels more than ready to show she’s just as talented Kelly told onefc.com: “I just don’t think I get enough credit. I’m also a huge underdog, which I expected because she wins a lot of stuff at the lower divisions. “I think I’m going to be overlooked, and I can’t wait to prove people wrong.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) The American is no stranger to taking out other World Champions Last September, she scored an impressive decision win over then-reigning IBJJF World Champion Jessa Khan, capturing the inaugural women’s atomweight submission grappling crown in the process. That win erased any doubts that Kelly is a true world-class talent, but she now finds herself in a similar position against the renowned Bastos. Kelly isn’t bothered by her underdog status, whether it’s deserved or not: “I feel like there’s more pressure on her because when I beat her, it’s better for me. Because on paper, again, she’s way more accomplished than me. So as a grappler, I respect that.” Kelly knows that a win over Bastos would help cement her as the planet’s undeniable best at atomweight. With that ultimate goal in mind, she’s coming into her first World Title defense more determined than ever to solidify herself atop the submission grappling food chain: “I want to prove that I’m the best 115-pound grappler by beating Mayssa Bastos. I want to be the best 115 grappler of all time. That’s my goal. And I think having that mindset has definitely made me a different person. “You know, I don’t want to settle for less. I think settling for less is for the weak. I am not a weak person, and I can’t wait to prove that against Mayssa Bastos.” On paper, the World Title contest between Danielle Kelly and Mayssa Bastos represents a clash between two of the planet’s top technicians. For her part, the reigning queen is confident that she’s prepared for her foe’s elite guard game and relentless back-takes – and she trusts in her own technical acumen to counter Bastos’ attacks. Kelly broke down the battle ahead of ONE Fight Night 24: “You have to I think my wrestling is better. I think my submission finishing mechanics, my defense, my counters are much better. “I think that in this match, I think she’s gonna be trying to attack my back. I think she’s going to try to rush something like a leg lock because a lot of people just like doing leg locks with me – which I hope so because I like to counter.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) However it plays out, Kelly looks forward to an all-action, fast-paced affair on August 2. And as always, she’s keeping the submission finish at the front of her mind: “Jiu-jitsu fans can expect a really exciting match. I believe it’s going pretty back and forth. She’s going to try to take my back, or I’m gonna try to take her neck or her leg. “I’m looking to break anything she gives me.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Danielle Kelly (@daniellekellybjj) Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy We bring you daily editor picks from the best Business Insider news content so you can stay updated on the latest topics and conversations on the African market Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected The Newsday app makes it easier to access content without having to log in Unlimited Digital AccessOnly 25¢for 6 months Copyright ©2025 Newsday. All rights reserved. Volume 9 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00175 Oscillatory neuronal activity may provide a mechanism for dynamic network coordination Rhythmic neuronal interactions can be quantified using multiple metrics each with their own advantages and disadvantages This tutorial will review and summarize current analysis methods used in the field of invasive and non-invasive electrophysiology to study the dynamic connections between neuronal populations we review metrics for functional connectivity with the specific aim to provide an intuition for how these metrics work we highlight a number of interpretational caveats and common pitfalls that can arise when performing functional connectivity analysis These pitfalls will be illustrated by presenting a set of MATLAB-scripts which can be executed by the reader to simulate each of these potential problems We discuss how these issues can be addressed using current methods The brain could dynamically coordinate the flow of information by changing the strength or the frequency with which different brain areas engage in oscillatory synchrony often described with a large amount of technical detail are based on rigorous statistical theory of stochastic processes such as Phase-Locking Value (PLV) are modifications to these methods that may be somewhat ad hoc Each of these metrics has their own advantages and disadvantages and their own vigorous adherents and opponents It is often difficult to choose and justify which method to use since the algorithmic implementation of a particular interaction metric can be quite complicated some research groups may have an idiosyncratic implementation of their championed interaction measures with limited accessibility to the wider research community This complicates applicability of these particular metrics and the comparison to other metrics the interpretation of the findings is typically not straightforward and results are therefore prone to being over-interpreted which will enable the comparison of how different data features affect the metrics of oscillatory interactions and how different metrics perform on the same data where possible we present practical steps that can be used to mitigate the concerns These simulations are put forward as toy examples of some of the problems that can occur and are not intended to reproduce the full complexity of real data we hope that they will serve as a useful guide to common interpretation issues and the current state of the art in addressing them we also discuss where future methods might be useful in order to deal with limitations of current methods A taxonomy of popular methods for quantifying functional connectivity which measures the generalized (linear and non-linear) interdependence between two or more variables (or time series) using concepts from information theory the interpretation of the cross-correlation function becomes complicated when it is estimated from neuronal signals with bidirectional interactions which is the dominant interaction scenario in the majority of cortico-cortical connections The cross-correlation functions of these interactions typically lack a clear peak and have significant values at both positive and negative lags bi-directional interactions that occur at multiple delays which assess the extent to which past values of one time series are able to predict future values of another time series This notion is formally implemented in the metric of Granger causality This metric can be computed using a linear auto-regressive model fit to the data or through non-parametric spectral matrix factorization (described in more detail later) and allows for an estimation of directed interactions it allows for a separate estimate of interaction from signal x to signal y it is more difficult to interpret this measure While the model-free approaches may be useful in quantifying non-linear neuronal interactions Linear methods are sufficient to capture a wide-array of oscillatory interactions which are expected to take place under the hypothesis that oscillatory phase coupling governs neuronal interactions if we are interested in determining whether neuronal oscillations at similar frequencies in brain areas A and B engage in oscillatory coupling with a preferred phase difference linear measures such as coherence or PLV will capture this interaction If on the other hand we are interested in non-linear forms of coupling such as cross-frequency coupling (where the phase or amplitude of frequency f1 interacts with the phase or amplitude of frequency f2 the choice of method or data analysis should always be guided by the underlying hypothesis that is being tested A particularly important distinction if we wish to study oscillations is the distinction between metrics that are computed from the time or frequency domain representation of the signals In order to identify individual rhythmic components that compose the measured data and specifically to study rhythmic neuronal interactions it is often convenient to represent the signals in the frequency domain The transformation to the frequency domain can be achieved by the application of non-parametric (Fourier decomposition or Hilbert transformation after bandpass filtering) or parametric techniques (autoregressive models) frequency-domain functional connectivity metrics can be estimated to evaluate the neuronal interactions many of these metrics in some way or another quantify the consistency across observations of the phase difference between the oscillatory components in the signals A non-random distribution of phase differences could be indicative of functionally meaningful synchronization between neural populations yielding a vector sum that has a length of 4 the phase difference is also consistent across observations (i.e. the phase difference is not consistent across observations the individual observations' phase differences were 0 resulting in individual observation cross-spectral density vectors pointing right This results in a vector sum that has zero length which coincides with the fact that there was no consistent phase difference in this case Note that real data will fall between the two extremes of perfect phase synchronization (vector sum normalized by number of epochs equals 1) and a zero phase synchronization (vector sum to zero) even in the absence of any true phase synchronization due to sample size bias (see the section on sample size bias for an in depth discussion of this issue and how it can be mitigated) Using polar coordinates and complex numbers to represent signals in the frequency domain (A) The phase and amplitude of two signals (B) The cross-spectrum between signal 1 and 2 which corresponds to multiplying the amplitudes of the two signals and subtracting their phases The mechanics of the computation of phase synchrony (A) An instance of perfect phase alignment at 0 radians (B) An instance of perfect synchronization at a difference of π/2 radians (C) Absence of phase synchronization due to inconsistent phase differences One widely used metric quantifying phase synchrony between a pair of measured signals is the coherence coefficient the coherence is the frequency domain equivalent to the time domain cross-correlation function the amount of variance in one of the signals that can be explained by the other signal in analogy to the squared correlation coefficient in the time domain The coherence coefficient is a normalized quantity bounded by 0 and 1 The numerator term represents the length of the vector average of the individual trial cross-spectral densities between signal x and y at frequency ω The denominator represents the square root of the product of the average of the individual trial power estimates of signals x and y at frequency ω It is usually more convenient to represent the averaged cross-spectral density in a single matrix omitting the complex exponentials in the notation: The diagonal elements reflect the power estimates of signals x and y and the off-diagonal elements reflect the averaged cross-spectral density terms The coherence can then be concisely defined as: When the complex-valued coherency is projected onto the imaginary axis (y-axis) we obtain the imaginary part of the coherency (Nolte et al., 2004). This measure has gained some momentum over the past years, in particular in EEG/MEG connectivity studies (García Domínguez et al., 2013; Hohlefeld et al., 2013) Discarding contributions to the connectivity estimate along the real axis explicitly removes instantaneous interactions that are potentially spurious due to field spread When applying the formula for the computation of coherence (Equation 1) to amplitude normalized Fourier transformed signals, we get the phase locking value (PLV) (Lachaux et al., 1999): As a result of these individual observation normalizations the PLV is computed as the length of the vector-average of a set of unit-length phase difference estimates it is often claimed that the former reflects more strictly phase synchronization than coherence because the latter confounds the consistency of phase difference with amplitude correlation From a mathematical point of view this may be true but on the other hand one could argue that it is more “difficult” to obtain a meaningful non-zero coherence value in the absence of consistent phase differences compared to when there are no amplitude correlations when all individual observation cross-spectral density estimates are pointing in random directions (no phase synchrony) even in the presence of perfect amplitude correlations expected value of their vector average will still be comparatively small if all individual cross-spectral density estimates are pointing more or less into the same direction (strong phase synchrony) even in the absence of amplitude correlations the expected value of their vector average will still be appreciable that assigning a stronger weight to observations with a large amplitude product one is favoring those observations that have a higher quality phase difference estimate This realistically assumes that a higher amplitude reflects a higher SNR of the sources of interest and thus In addition to the quantities described in the previous sections over the past years various other metrics have been defined to quantify synchronized interactions between neuronal signals The motivation for the development of these metrics is that most connectivity metrics suffer from interpretational difficulties which are discussed and illustrated in more detail below have prompted methods developers to define metrics that are less prone to suffer from these problems We have already discussed the imaginary part of coherency and the phase slope index and this section describes two additional measures that are increasingly popular The PPC is a measure that quantifies the distribution of phase differences across observations (Vinck et al., 2010) which is computed directly as a vector average of the relative phase across observations the PPC is computed from the distribution of all pairwise differences (between pairs of observations) of the relative phases similar to the situation when investigating the distribution of relative phases directly the distribution of pairwise differences in the relative phases will be more strongly clustered around an average value in the presence of phase synchronization the individual relative phase vectors are distributed around the unit circle as are all pairwise differences of these relative phase vectors The advantage of PPC beyond PLV is that this metric is not biased by the sample size that is used for the estimation This means that the expected value of PPC does not change as a function of trial number (see section titled “The sample size bias problem” for more details) many of the measures mentioned as such are not based on a principled mathematical approach (as opposed to for instance coherence and Granger causality which are rooted in the theory of stochastic processes) and the phase slope index are pragmatic measures primarily put forward to address the interpretational problem of field spread and by design intend to capture similar features of the interaction between time series It is often an empirical question as to which of the measures is most suited to be used and ideally one should expect that the conclusions drawn do not strongly depend on the measure that was chosen in general it is advisable to interrogate the data using several of these measures in order to get a feel for how the estimates relate to one another one can compute for any signal pair the so-called partialized cross-spectrum which is obtained by removing the linear contribution from all the other signals the partial coherence can be easily obtained The partialized cross-spectrum can be obtained as follows Starting from the full cross-spectral density matrix we can partialize for the linear contributions from signals z1-zn to the cross spectrum between signal x and y as follows: we briefly review the essential concepts in some detail in the Appendix (Supplementary Material) we restrict ourselves to the necessary essentials Applying the same logic but now building autoregressive models to predict signal y will yield an estimate of Granger causality from signal x to y The concept of Granger causality can also be operationalized in the frequency domain (Geweke, 1982) We refer the interested reader to the Appendix (Supplementary Material and the references mentioned therein) for more details it is sufficient to state that computation of Granger causality in the frequency domain requires the estimation of two quantities: the spectral transfer matrix (H(ω)) and the covariance of the AR-model's residuals (Σ) The following fundamental identity holds: H(ω)ΣH(ω)* = S(ω) with S(ω) being the cross-spectral density matrix for signal pair x the conjugate-symmetric cross-spectral density can be obtained by sandwiching the covariance matrix of the residuals between the spectral transfer matrix the spectral transfer matrix and the residuals' covariance matrix the frequency-dependent Granger causality can be computed as follows: Just as in the time domain formulation of Granger causality it is possible to define a measure of total interdependence based on the cross-spectral density estimates [more details are provided in the Appendix (Supplementary Material)]: The fraction between the brackets is equivalent to the squared coherence coefficient there is a one-to-one relationship between the coherence coefficient and the total interdependence the frequency specific total interdependence can be written as a sum of three quantities: GCx y(ω) = GCx→y(ω) + GCy→x(ω) + GCx·y(ω) where the instantaneous causality term is defined as: this situation can be distinguished from a purely bi-directional interaction only if the two nodes with zero-lag synchronization were observed simultaneously with the third node that may (or may not) provide common inputs More details on this scenario and how to detect it in physiological data are provided in the section “The common input problem.” Granger causality in the frequency domain can be calculated with parametric methods (with auto-regressive models, as discussed, left half of Figure 4) or with non-parametric methods (with Fourier or wavelet-based methods). These approaches differ in how the covariance of the residuals and the transfer matrices are computed (see the right half of Figure 4) The non-parametric approach is based on the fact that the cross-spectral density matrix for a given frequency is equal to the model's residuals covariance matrix sandwiched between the transfer matrix for that frequency Data processing pipeline for the computation of Granger causality using the parametric or non-parametric approach The main advantage in calculating Granger causality using this non-parametric technique is that it does not require the determination of the model order for the autoregressive model. The particular choice of the appropriate model order can be problematic, because it can vary depending on subject, experimental task, quality and complexity of the data, and model estimation technique that is used (Kaminski and Liang, 2005; Barnett and Seth, 2011) the non-parametric estimation of Granger causality utilizes data points from the entire frequency axis the number of which is essentially determined by the number of samples in the data window that is used for the analysis The following section outlines some issues that warrant caution with respect to the interpretation of the estimated connectivity The core issue at stake is whether the estimate of the connectivity (or the estimate of the difference in connectivity between experimental conditions) reflects a genuine effect in terms of (a change in) neuronal interactions As we will illustrate by means of simple simulations there are various situations that cause non-zero estimates of connectivity in the absence of true neuronal interactions The main cause of these spurious estimates of connectivity is the fact that in MEG/EEG/LFP recordings the signals that are used for the connectivity estimate always to some extent reflect a (sometimes poorly) known mixture of a signal-of-interest (which is the activity of a neuronal population that we are interested in) and signals-of-no-interest (which we will call noise in the remainder of this paper) Another cause of spurious estimates is more related to interpretation of the observed connectivity patterns This relates to the fact that it is impossible to state whether an observed connection is a direct connection or whether this connection is mediated through an unobserved connection we describe five common practical issues that warrant caution with respect to the interpretation of connectivity estimates We illustrate these problems using simple simulations that are based on MATLAB-code and the FieldTrip toolbox allowing the interested reader to get some hands-on insight into these important issues The code has been tested on MATLAB 2013a/b and 2014a/b using Fieldtrip version “fieldtrip-20150816.” The first three problems (the common reference problem the volume conduction/field spread problem and the SNR problem) are a consequence of the fact that the measured signals are always a mixture of signal-of-interest and noise and the 4th is the problem of unobserved common input The 5th problem is caused by unequal numbers of epochs or observation periods used to compute metrics of functional connectivity when making comparisons between conditions or across subjects In LFP or EEG recordings, spurious functional connectivity estimates can result from the usage of a common reference channel. This problem is depicted graphically in Figure 5A Each of these signals reflects the difference of the electric potential measured at the location of the electrode and at the location of the reference electrode If the same reference electrode is used for both electrodes that are subsequently used for the connectivity estimation the fluctuations in the electric potential at the reference location will be reflected in both time series yielding spurious correlations at a zero time lag Any connectivity metric that is sensitive to correlations at a zero time lag will in part be spurious The extent to which the estimated connectivity is spurious depends on the relative strength of the potential fluctuations at the recording and reference sites the large majority of EEG and LFP recordings use a single reference electrode in the hardware The following simulation illustrates the effect of a common reference electrode We will simulate 30–60 Hz oscillatory activity in two neuronal sources and this activity is measured by two electrodes that share a common reference electrode (which is also assumed to have an oscillatory component) We will estimate the coherence between the measured signals in the presence and in the absence of coupling between the underlying sources Illustration of different referencing schemes and how each effects the calculation of coherence with and without true neuronal coupling which introduce spurious coherence values in the absence of coherence which largely resolves the common reference problem which also is not sensitive to common reference problems the coherence between data 1 and data 2 increases—this reflects the presence of both the common reference and real coupling This simulation was performed assuming strong coupling between the sources the artifactual coherence may sometimes predominate—and obscure—the real coherence caused by true interactions coherence is close to zero (how close will depend on how many trials have gone into the analysis and the resulting bias—see section on the sample size bias) A second possible solution to this problem is shown in Figure 5C, which is to separately reference each channel. In this case (lower panel of Figure 5C) there is again no artifactual coherence component while the separate referencing scheme does present a solution in principle The simulations above can be realized by running the code in script sim_commonreference.pdf the reference was also assumed to have an oscillatory 30–60 Hz component—however and coherence were calculated between channels which both had a common reference then the respective coherence spectrum would reflect whatever the underlying spectral shape of the reference was—due to its instantaneous mixture into both channels Another important issue in the quantification and interpretation of neuronal interactions particularly when the estimates are based on non-invasive recordings volume conduction refers to the currents flowing in the tissues surrounding active neuronal sources Colloquially it has been adopted as a term to reflect more generally the phenomenon of the spatial spread of electromagnetic fields which cause one recording channel or sensor to pick up the activity of multiple neuronal sources In the case of magnetic field recordings it is sometimes more aptly referred to as field spread field spread can create purely artifactual coherence or phase-locking meaning that the presence of functional connectivity between two signals would indicate not the presence of a true neuronal interaction but instead the presence of activity from the same underlying source at the two channels An important property of volume conduction and field spread at least in the frequency range that is relevant for neuroscience if a dominant rhythmic neuronal source is visible at two sensors at once the phase observed at these sensors is the same (or at a difference of 180° when each of the sensors “sees” an opposite pole of the dipole) This property of instantaneity can be exploited to use connectivity measures that discard contributions of 0 (or 180) degrees phase differences This will be explained in more detail below a single underlying neuronal source will be seen at multiple EEG or MEG sensors—causing spurious correlation values between the sensors The script sim_volumeconduction.pdf illustrates some of the issues mentioned above as well as the approaches that partially overcome them The general approach in this set of simulations is that a set of signals is simulated at 50 “measurement locations” (MEG/EEG channels or at “virtual electrodes”) Each of the signals consists of a mixture (due to field spread) of the activity of the underlying sources The source activity time courses are generated by means of a generative autoregressive model The source-to-signal mixing matrix was defined as a spatial convolution of the original source activations with a 31-point Hanning window In other words we can consider the signals to consist of a weighted combination of the original source and the 15 most nearby sources on either side with a spatial leakage that is dependent on the distance the coherence from the top left subpanel in a in red these simulations demonstrate in a very simplified scenario the effects of field spread as well as the remedial effects provided by subtracting two conditions with different levels of connectivity between the active sources or by focusing on the time-lagged component of the connectivity Effects of field spread on the estimation of connectivity field spread leads to spurious coherence (left panel) while the imaginary part of coherency mitigates this effect (right panel) (B) In the presence of time-lagged interactions “seed blur” caused by field spread leads to only a “shoulder” in the coherence and not to a distant peak (top right panel) The imaginary part of coherency correctly identifies a distant peak (middle right panel) Bottom panels: the distant coherence peak is revealed when taking the difference (blue line) between the connected (black line) and unconnected (red line) situations (C) Spurious differential effects show up both in the coherence (top panels) and in the imaginary part of coherency (bottom panels) when the SNR changes from one condition to another (D) Spurious differential effects show up both in the coherence (top panels) and in the imaginary part of coherency (bottom panels) when the amplitude of one of the active sources changes from one condition to another where the individual conditions' seed-based connectivity estimates are displayed as red and black lines seeding from the 22nd source using the imaginary part of coherency yields a spurious non-zero difference around the 28th source The implication of this is that differences in the activity in the contributing sources can yield spurious differences in estimated connectivity One could argue that an appropriate seed selection would have prevented this erroneous interpretation Had we focused on the active sources to begin with in practice it is often difficult to select the proper seeds a priori for example because the relevant sources are not necessarily the ones that have the highest amplitude and even if the seed locations are appropriately selected This is illustrated in Figure 6D with unchanging connectivity between the activated sources (16 and 35) but with a change in power for one of them The panels on the right show the seeded connectivity (from source 16) for the condition with low (red lines) and high (black lines) power for source 35 These authors propose to use a heuristic based on the investigation of the instantaneous interaction between signals in relation to their time-delayed interactions in order to discard or accept the estimated directed connectivity to be trustworthy Another issue that leads to interpretational problems of estimated connectivity is what we call here the SNR problem In some way this problem is related to the field spread problem discussed above since its underlying cause is the fact that the measured signals contain a poorly known mixture of signal-of-interest and “noise.” Some consequences of this have already been illustrated to some extent above where the comparison between conditions leads to spurious differences in connectivity due to differences in SNR across conditions Apart from posing a problem for correctly inferring a difference in connectivity across conditions SNR differences can also be problematic when inferring differences in directional interactions between sources It should be noted that this problem can also arise in the absence of volume conduction (e.g. when computing connectivity from locally-rereferenced LFP recordings) and therefore we believe that this problem merits a separate discussion The core issue here is that spurious directional connectivity estimates can be obtained from two signals that have each been observed with different amounts of signal and noise Such a situation can for instance arise when across LFP recording sites there are differences in sensor noise (e.g. due to differences in amplifier characteristics) or differences in distance to the active sources of interest While this is a problematic issue for many metrics of directed connectivity in this section we focus specifically on how estimates of Granger causality can be corrupted by differences in SNR between signals We illustrate the issue by presenting some simulations which can be realized by running the code in script sim_signaltonoise.pdf Note that the slight difference in Granger causality from x1 to x2 vs which approaches zero as the number of realizations of the model and subsequent observations are repeated A simulation of the signal to noise ratio problem (A) Two nodes interact bidirectionally with equal connectivity strengths in the two directions and the data is observed without (case 1) or with (case 2) measurement noise and (D) Granger causality estimates for case 1 (F) Granger causality estimates for case 2 (G) Granger causality estimates after time-reversing the data produced by case 2 where x2 has a stronger Granger causal influence on x1 than x1 on x2 This is the consequence of the fact that the additional noise on x1 has weakened its predictive power of x2 causing an apparent asymmetry in the directionality Note that this asymmetry is exactly in line with the definition of Granger causality based on a log ratio of prediction errors (comparing the univariate to the bivariate model) and in that sense it is not “wrong.” However this does lead to a divergence between “Granger causality” and what we as experimentalists would like to infer as “true causality,” where we would like to infer a dominant direction of information flow from an asymmetry in Granger causal estimates Time reversed Granger testing reveals the presence of strong asymmetries (A) An auto-regressive model specifying a unidirectional system in which x2influences x1 at lags 1 and 2 and (D) Granger causality estimates for the forward time direction (E) Granger causality estimates for the reversed time direction Note that power and coherence remain the same when estimated from data in either the forward or reversed time directions which reports substantially reduced coherence values between x1and x2 indicative of shared variance (coherence) due to common input Another metric to look at in this case would be the imaginary part of coherency (green trace) indicating that shared variance between x1 and x2 can be accounted for entirely by the zero-lag component by common input that arrives simultaneously and at the same lags at x1and x2 (A) The auto-regressive form of a model that simulates common input from x3 to x1 and x2 (B) spurious coherence between x1 and x2 caused by common input Imaginary coherence (green) and partial coherence (purple) are close to zero indicating an interaction that is both instantaneous and mediated (by x3) (C) Granger causal estimates detect the common input as distinct from directed interactions between x1 and x2 (which are near zero) (D–F) When time-lagged common input from x3 is present and only x1 and x2 are observed the data will appear to reflect a time-lagged interaction This situation can only be interpreted correctly by recording the common driver (G,H) and applying partial coherence (H) or multivariate Granger causality (I) We can also examine whether the shared variance between x1and x2 is due to effects of their direct interaction or common input by computing Granger causality. Figure 9C shows the Granger causality estimates between x1 and x3 based on a multivariate decomposition of the spectral density matrix By decomposing the undirected connectivity into directed connectivity using Granger causality only connections with true underlying coupling (connections x3x1 and x3x2) survive and the spurious connections (x1x2 and x2x1) are suppressed because the shared variance is absorbed by their instantaneous interactions which are not part of a causal (lagged) interaction This would also be a situation where conditional or partial Granger causality would be useful for diagnosing the true underlying connectivity between x1 These simulations can be realized by running the code in script sim_commoninput.pdf For networks with more than three nodes, there has been some progress toward inferring true network causality even in the presence of unobserved time-lagged common inputs. In particular, Elsegai and colleagues develop a technique based on renormalized PDC together with sub-network analysis, although the method can only resolve the correct connectivity in a subset of possible interactions (Elsegai et al., 2015) common inputs can still lead to spurious inference and currently the only guaranteed way to overcome this problem is by directly measuring nodes that could putatively provide common input The amount of bias is often dependent on the sample size: the smaller the sample size in the comparison of connectivity metrics estimated from samples with different numbers of observations there may be a tendency to overestimate the connectivity in the condition with the smallest sample size non-zero difference may be found and reported Note that this approach is only successful in eliminating the sample-size bias associated with connectivity estimates Other phenomena that inflate the connectivity estimates such as field spread are not properly taken into account by trial-shuffling procedures and must be dealt with in other ways Sample size bias for coherence and Granger causality estimates Each panel reflects the average ± 1 standard deviation across 100 realizations one could also estimate the bias associated with any particular measure of functional connectivity (for example by shuffling the trial sequence of one channel relative to others and calculating the metric of functional connectivity) and then subtract away this estimate of bias from the empirically observed connectivity value we have presented a non-exhaustive review of different methods currently used to quantify rhythmic functional connectivity We described a taxonomy to emphasize how the methods are related to one another For some of the most commonly used metrics we also described the intuition behind them and some of the mathematical formulation This was meant to demystify what data features are reflected in these connectivity metrics and how they are computed Next we presented some important issues that may confound a correct interpretation of the connectivity estimated from electrophysiological recordings The description of these issues was accompanied by a series of simple simulations We hope that these simulations have impressed upon the reader that a naïve application of connectivity analysis to observed electrophysiological time series data can result in a myriad of spurious inferences The simulations presented in this manuscript were meant to illustrate some of the most common cases where interpretational difficulties await the eager experimental scientist These include problems associated with use of a common reference the presence of volume conduction/field spread and bias related to differences in sample size by making available the MATLAB scripts that were used to perform the simulations we hope that readers are encouraged run these simulations themselves and that they will not shy away from changing the parameters in the scripts to explore in more detail the ramifications of these potential interpretational confounds the scripts can be used as a controlled environment where different solutions to these confounds can be developed and explored before they are applied on real data Another possibility in principle is to include volume conduction within the estimation framework of Granger causality which would require further development of model-based approaches to connectivity estimation The problem of a different signal to noise ratio across channels was discussed in the light of the potential misinterpretation of the dominant direction of interaction using directed connectivity estimates, in particular Granger causality. We illustrated a test based on time-reversed Granger causality (Haufe et al., 2012) to determine whether Granger causal asymmetries are due to strong vs we pointed out novel approaches that are based on state-space modeling and DCM which explicitly consider the separate contribution of signal and noise to the estimated connectivity we discussed the effect of sample size bias in connectivity estimates This problem can be dealt with by equalizing sample sizes between conditions or subjects by using statistical methods that explicitly take the sample size bias into account or by using connectivity methods which do not suffer from sample size bias (PPC or debiased methods) and benefit from a wide community of users and contributors which help to improve the tools and contribute to a larger-scale adoption a statistical procedure used inappropriately may still lead to an over-interpretation of results (e.g. inferring significant coherence when it is actually artifactual or inferring a difference in interaction in the presence of differences in signal to noise ratio across conditions) We hope that the explicit discussion of the interpretational issues described in this review raises awareness in the wider neuroscientific community new methods are being continuously developed to address these problems one can be optimistic for the future as better data and improved analysis tools continue to provide new insights into the brain's dynamic connectivity The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest The reviewer Craig Geoffrey Richter declares that despite having collaborated on research projects with the authors Andre M the review was conducted objectively and no conflict of interest exists This research was in part funded by an NWO VIDI-grant (864.14.011) to JS AMB was partly funded by the National Science Foundation Graduate Student Fellowship Program and a Fulbright grant from the U.S The authors would like to thank Alik Widge for providing comments to an earlier version of this manuscript and to the three reviewers whose comments have improved the paper The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00175 Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light-sheet microscopy Precisely correlated firing in cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus Untangling cross-frequency coupling in neuroscience Partial directed coherence: a new concept in neural structure determination Behaviour of Granger causality under filtering: theoretical invariance and practical application The MVGC multivariate Granger causality toolbox: a new approach to Granger-causal inference A DCM study of spectral asymmetries in feedforward and feedback connections between visual areas V1 and V4 in the monkey Visual areas exert feedforward and feedback influences through distinct frequency channels Communication through coherence with inter-areal delays Berényi high-density (up to 512 channels) recording of local circuits in behaving animals Review of the methods of determination of directed connectivity from multichannel data Comparing spectra and coherences for groups of unequal size Bollimunta, A., Chen, Y., Schroeder, C. 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How to detect the Granger-causal flow direction in the presence of additive noise An improved index of phase-synchronization for electrophysiological data in the presence of volume-conduction The pairwise phase consistency: a bias-free measure of rhythmic neuronal synchronization A systematic framework for functional connectivity measures Neurophysiological and computational principles of cortical rhythms in cognition Multivariate Granger causality: an estimation framework based on factorization of the spectral density matrix “The theory of prediction,” in Modern Mathematics for Engineers The factorization of matricial spectral densities CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Comparison of the effect of volume conduction on EEG coherence with the effect of field spread on MEG coherence Contributions of descending and ascending pathways to corticomuscular coherence in humans Modulation of neuronal interactions through neuronal synchronization Citation: Bastos AM and Schoffelen J-M (2016) A Tutorial Review of Functional Connectivity Analysis Methods and Their Interpretational Pitfalls Received: 17 August 2015; Accepted: 30 November 2015; Published: 08 January 2016 Copyright © 2016 Bastos and Schoffelen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: André M. Bastos, YW5kcmVtYmFzdG9zQGdtYWlsLmNvbQ==; Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, amFuLnNjaG9mZmVsZW5AZG9uZGVycy5ydS5ubA== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Editor Heather Graci recently traveled to Rio de Janeiro for the Latin American Conference on Behavioral Science, held in conjunction with the G20 and U20 summits. Her trip was part of our ongoing efforts to expand the routes of behavioral science knowledge Rafaela Bastos wears many hats, among them public manager, geographer, marketing director, Carnival commentator, and samba dancer. She’s also the head of the first government-based behavioral science unit in Brazil. By the OECD’s (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) count, NudgeRio is one of over 200 such teams around the world—and one of around 50 based in local government Bastos’ primary focus is to use behavioral science to improve the lives of the citizens of Rio de Janeiro The first is to better equip behavioral scientists across Latin America to run experiments and share knowledge to improve the health and well-being of people in their own communities The second is to elevate the role of behavioral science in local governments both within Latin America and around the globe.  When the world leaders of the G20 decided to come to Rio de Janeiro for their annual summit this year she saw an opportunity to make progress toward both.  Bastos and her team at NudgeRio organized the Latin American Conference on Behavioral Science alongside the summit and local decision-makers to discuss how to improve collaboration among behavioral scientists across Latin America The goal was to enable more ambitious projects and to develop solutions to region-specific problems that may not be part of the broader conversation in behavioral science which U.S.- and European-based researchers often dominate.  I flew to Rio to join this discussion and to learn about the behavioral science happening in Brazil and the region I was also curious to see how behavioral science fits into the big-picture conversations happening at the G20 The summit convenes national leaders from 19 countries and the African Union to discuss global issues like climate change “Institutions in the northern hemisphere tend to be older and more established there’s more room to find our own ways of doing things.“ First on the agenda was the behavioral science conference hosted by Bastos and her team the room was buzzing with visions of a bright future Brazilian psychologist Vera Rita de Mello Ferreira was optimistic that Latin America is uniquely positioned to use behavioral science to influence the systems and structures that shape people’s lives there’s more room to find our own ways of doing things.”  The day began with two panels that featured local perspectives who presented on the foundational behavioral science principles that have informed their work Bastos described the framework developed by her team at NudgeRio to aid local decision-makers in finding creative solutions to long-standing problems She’s found that it helps derail the “I’ve tried it all” flavor of resistance that often crops up in local politics.  Michael Hallsworth of the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) and Mary MacLennan at the United Nations provided a global perspective on similar themes Hallsworth described several of the BIT’s successes in applying behavioral science across the region—from increasing tax compliance in Guatemala to COVID vaccine uptake in Argentina MacLennan reflected on the lessons that the UN has learned from its international projects—particularly the ethical imperative to engage with and support local people in doing this work in their own region attendees collaborated on guidelines that could help entities across the region collaborate more successfully The priorities they identified included: consolidating existing knowledge prioritizing projects that span institutional and national borders and organizing training sessions to share best practices.  The conference was held on the third floor of the Rio Operations Center (COR) glass-walled building that houses an interdepartmental team tasked with keeping the city running smoothly After a series of flash floods and mudslides struck Rio in April of 2010 killing over 200 people and leaving 15,000 homeless the city built the COR to better manage crises The core function is information management—to keep track of what is happening and who needs to know about it—whether the goal is to evacuate neighborhoods in danger of flooding or to reroute traffic during rush hour recounted an incident in which a lamb from a local farm wandered off and caused a traffic jam there’s a protocol for what to do when there’s an animal in the road The control room on the first floor of the COR appears equipped to handle a rocket launch The front wall of the room is tiled with over 100 CCTV cameras pointed toward intersections The ongoing G20 Summit meant that over 50 of them were trained on the event space Other screens show traffic maps and weather patterns and a chipper AI-generated assistant named Cora appears in their place to welcome any visitors Though the Operations Center exists separately from NudgeRio Belchior hopes to infuse more behavioral science into the management of the city When an emergency evacuation alarm sounds and people need to decide whether to heed the warning—that’s a behavioral challenge When Rio hosted the Olympics in 2016 and swarms of eager attendees were trying to figure out the best route to take from the beach volleyball courts to the gymnastics arena Since the founding of NudgeRio ten years ago, Bastos and her team have already conducted over 30 projects in collaboration with various municipal departments These include redesigning intersections to reduce dangerous street crossings curbing workplace harassment in municipal offices and building reading habits among kids at local schools they were invited to facilitate the city’s strategic planning session for the next four years to ensure that the city’s priorities accurately reflect those of the people who live in it They invited community leaders and people from the favelas They even brought in a group of kids from local schools when it came time to speak about education “We’re designing the future,” explained Pedro Arias Martins coordinator of data and behavior at the Rio de Janeiro City Hall “We need to talk to the people that are going to live in it.” “Cities may have the greatest potential for applying some of this work Cities interact in so many ways with people directly.“ The combination of a dedicated behavioral science team and infrastructure honed by a city accustomed to marshaling its 6.2 million citizens through everything from natural disasters to the Olympic Games makes Rio well-positioned to push this work further But one challenge they face—a challenge that Bastos hoped to address during this conference—is Brazil’s relative isolation.  as the only Portuguese speakers in the region and geographically—most of its major cities hug the eastern coast with mountains to the west and ocean to the east This dynamic was apparent even at the conference itself Though the aspiration was to facilitate collaboration within Latin America there was little representation from outside of Brazil But starting the conversation was a first step And that barrier didn’t prevent Bastos and her team from making strides toward her larger goal of advocating for more behavioral science in government globally is giving leaders in local governments visibility into the sort of work that behavioral scientists can do alongside policymakers.  So in addition to the conference, they organized a mainstage panel on behavioral science at the Urban 20 (U20) the city-focused companion event to the G20 that convenes mayors and urban policymakers from major cities across the world and MacLennan spoke to an audience of policymakers experienced in local government but new to behavioral science The quartet shared their perspectives and experience on how to bring behavioral science to city government Though the number of behavioral science units in government has grown from 1 to over 200 in just 14 years less than a quarter of those are based in local government “We work with many different levels of government from the UN down I think cities may have the greatest potential for applying some of this work,” Hallsworth said in his closing remarks on the panel “Cities interact in so many ways with people directly There are practical things you can do in those messages and in those built environments that make a difference.” which provides financial support to Behavioral Scientist as an organizational partner Organizational partners do not play a role in the editorial decisions of the magazine Become a Subscriber — Special offer: Receive a copy of the award-winning print edition or a Behavioral Scientist t-shirt or hat when you join at the Print + Digital + Events or Investor level Heather Graci is an editor at the Behavioral Scientist and an editorial researcher who has worked with authors Angela Duckworth and Dan Heath she was a research coordinator at the University of Pennsylvania’s Behavior Change for Good Initiative She graduated in 2019 from Carnegie Mellon University with degrees in Behavioral Economics and Psychology Mayssa Bastos edged past Danielle Kelly to claim the ONE Atomweight Submission Grappling Championship at ONE Fight Night 24. On Friday, Dec. 6, she must reaffirm her victory to retain the title as the two run it back at ONE Fight Night 26 on Prime Video The Brazilian took the victory primarily based on her aggressiveness throughout the match It was a razor-thin margin that she was on the right side of in Bangkok Bastos was not a performance she was thoroughly happy with “I thought I fought well, but there were some adjustments missing. I managed to land some finishing attacks, but I needed a little more adjustment to get the submission. What surprised me was that she was a little more aggressive than I was expecting,” Bastos told ONE Bastos reflected on her title-winning performance to assess where she could improve for her first title defense The expectation is that she can exploit Kelly’s weaknesses for a more dominant win I’m not going to say what those gaps are because I want to surprise her in the fight,” the ONE Atomweight Submission Grappling Champion stated Kelly is also known for her aggressiveness and if the two ramp up the intensity for the rematch it will also increase the likelihood of a mistake which Bastos is counting on from her opponent “This time I see this fight ending in a submission I think we’ll both be very focused on making that happen on making a better fight,” the Brazilian commented “I’m very focused on making adjustments to finish the fight because that’s my goal Bastos is looking to secure another $50,000 performance bonus She is not shy in admitting it serves as extra motivation as Bastos plans to be smart and save for the future with her winnings my goal is to have a better performance and come out with a victory by submission,” Bastos offered Nine-time IBJJF World Champion Mayssa Bastos has just one piece of gold missing from her impressive trophy case – a ONE World Title On August 2, live in U.S. primetime at ONE Fight Night 24: Brooks vs. Balart on Prime Video, the 26-year-old black belt will challenge American star Danielle Kelly for her ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Championship. Set to go down at Bangkok’s Lumpinee Stadium, that matchup pits two of the planet’s most talented submission hunters against each other and, understandably, has the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu world buzzing with excitement. Before she walks to the ring and battles for 26 pounds of gold, we take a closer look at Bastos’ path to the world’s largest martial arts organization. Raised in the coastal city of Marica, Brazil, Bastos was a reserved and soft-spoken youth. She has fond memories of her childhood, which was filled with time spent in the grappling arts. “I was a very shy child. I’m still quite shy, and I don’t think I’ve ever made many friends because of that. I liked to practice different sports. I tried surfing, but I started judo and jiu-jitsu when I was very young, and that’s where I found myself. To be honest, I don’t remember much, but I liked to play and go to the beach. I still really like going to the beach.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) Notably, the Brazilian is quick to credit her parents for their never-ending support. With her father working in real estate and her mother working as a lawyer, Bastos never found herself wanting for anything, whether it be related to BJJ or otherwise. “They supported me in everything they could, in competitions, and always took me to training when I was younger. If I needed a nutritionist, a fitness coach, everything they could do to help me, they did. “My parents always supported me and helped me until I started to walk on my own two feet. They were the ones who introduced me to sports and helped me become who I am. I never had any problems with my family because they always supported me. And if I’m here today, it’s thanks to them.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) From the moment she attended her first BJJ class, Bastos was sure that her future was in the sport. There wasn’t any doubt. She was hooked, and the young grappler wasted no time in fully dedicating herself to “the gentle art.” “The connection was right away. I liked it since the first time I stepped on the mat and wanted to do it every day. In a short period, I already knew what I wanted. I wanted to be a black belt and a World Champion. It was very fast in my head of wanting to pursue a career in jiu-jitsu.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) With the help of her parents, Bastos trained for hours every day and competed at every opportunity. Throughout the colored belts, she won practically everything under the sun to establish herself as a true prodigy and one of the most talented youngsters the sport has ever seen. That early dedication helped propel her to the unmatched success she’s seen as a world-class black belt competitor. “Since I started, I was training a lot. I spent a lot of time at the gym and was always competing. I’ve lived only for jiu-jitsu since I was little. On weekends in Brazil, there were always a lot of jiu-jitsu competitions, and there was a weekend when I participated in two competitions on the same day. I kept that pace of competition until the black belt, and it helped me grow as an athlete.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) After receiving her black belt in 2018, Bastos would go on to win multiple IBJJF World, European, and Pan-American Titles to cement herself as the greatest of all time in the sport’s lightest weight classes. A true savant of BJJ, she says that her trademark move – the berimbolo – came from watching twin brothers Joao and Paulo Miyao, who pioneered the back-taking technique when the young Brazilian was rising through the ranks. “My inspiration in jiu-jitsu was the Miyao brothers. I discovered them when I was very young and watched their fights on YouTube. I saw a highlight of them doing the berimbolo, and that’s when I discovered this position that became my favorite position, as well. I think the berimbolo is one of the most beautiful positions of jiu-jitsu, and I think that’s what caught my attention.” Today, Bastos possesses arguably the best berimbolo in all of jiu-jitsu. She is much more than a one-trick pony, though, and continues to round out her game under the careful tutelage of Gui and Rafa Mendes at the world-renowned Art of Jiu-Jitsu in Costa Mesa, California.The Brazilian explained: “The Miyao brothers were my role models and an inspiration to me in jiu-jitsu when I was younger, especially because I really liked the berimbolo, a technique they were experts in. But nowadays, I follow the example of my teachers, the Mendes brothers, who were successful as competitors and are now also successful as teachers.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by MENDESBROS (@mendesbros) Despite her dominance at the highest levels of BJJ, Bastos maintains an open-minded, white-belt mentality. Now on the precipice of global superstardom and a crack at a coveted ONE World Title, the introverted Brazilian is the same young girl who dedicated herself to BJJ years ago. “All the people who have been and are part of my career, I try to absorb the best. I am shy and quiet, but well observant, and I always try to absorb the best in people, whether it’s hard work, consistency, or the way the person behaves, whether he or she is a respectful person.” A constant student of the game, Bastos believes the best gem of wisdom she has ever received was to pursue her passions. At ONE Fight Night 24, when she locks horns with Kelly, she’ll be doing just that. “The best advice I’ve been given was to do what would make me happy and to follow my dreams, and that’s what I’ve done since I was a child. I want to be an example and an inspiration as an athlete and person for several generations.” PodcastPremium DirectoryThe Black Belt List Danielle Kelly is set for the championship at Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok Bastos joined ONE Championship with an impressive track record Ahead of her first fight in the organization against Kanae Yamada earning her chance to challenge Kelly for the atomweight title The initial encounter between the two BJJ experts took place at ONE Fight Night 24 in August with Bastos winning on the judges' scorecards due to her aggressive approach the Philadelphia native has been a standout in the sport she has excelled and avenged a loss to Jessa Khan to claim the inaugural division title Both grappling specialists aim to settle the score decisively in their rematch each looking to secure a submission victory Bastos and Kelly share aggressive styles that have propelled them to the pinnacle of the sport ONE Fight Night 26 will be broadcast live on Friday PT for all Amazon Prime members in the U.S Accessibility Statement About  Black Belt Hall of Fame Advertise & Contact Privacy Policy Terms of use On 3 April 2025, the Globalisation & Law Network hosted a seminar featuring Dr. Filipe Brito Bastos Filipe presented his book Judging Composite Decision-Making: The Transformation of European Administrative Law (Hart the coordinator of the Globalisation & Law Network The book explores the notion of composite administrative procedures whereby national and European public authorities make decisions jointly Such procedures have become a key tenet of EU law and can nowadays be found in a wide range of sectors from banking supervision to electronic communications composite administrative procedures make it difficult to determine whether individual protections must be afforded at the national or EU-wide level The book undertakes a rigorous analysis of the case law of the European Court of Justice to distil the main principles relating to composite decision-making Such principles require national and Union administrations to observe the rule of law requirements jointly and constitute what the book calls the ‘Unitary Protection’ doctrine This doctrine stands in contrast to the European Executive Federalism which used to be considered a constitutional doctrine reaffirmed by the Treaties and paves the way towards European postfederal administrative law The discussion that followed Filipe’s talk concerned the future of composite administrative procedures in light of the recent developments including the Opinion of Advocate General Ćapeta in the pending case C-97/23 P WhatsApp Ireland v EDPB Curious about the current challenges of law and governance? You can register for the upcoming research seminars organised by the Globalisation & Law Network After more than 30 years of successfully promoting European and international research at the Faculty of Law, the Maastricht European Institute for Transnational Legal Research (METRO) will formally end its activities on 1 May 2025 primetime show of 2024 is just around the corner and the event is jam-packed with compelling matchups featuring the planet’s most talented martial artists Topped by a massive MMA World Title showdown, ONE Fight Night 26: Lee vs. Rasulov on Prime Video will air live this coming Friday, December 6. With 12 action-packed bouts across four different combat sports disciplines, the card gives ONE’s global fan base plenty of reasons to tune in. Before the action gets underway at the historic Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand, we take a look at what makes ONE Fight Night 26 a can’t-miss event. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) In the main event, reigning two-division World Champion Christian “The Warrior” Lee will make his long-awaited return when he defends his lightweight MMA crown against undefeated Turkish destroyer Alibeg Rasulov Widely regarded as one of MMA’s most exhilarating athletes and most dangerous finishers, Lee hasn’t fought since his epic 2022 victory over Kiamran Abbasov, which earned him the ONE Welterweight MMA World Title. The 26-year-old will now return to lightweight and face perhaps his toughest challenger yet. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Rasulov has employed his elite wrestling, vicious clinch striking, and crafty submission game to compile a pristine 14-0 career record, and will enter this contest following a five-round decision victory over former lightweight MMA kingpin Ok Rae Yoon – the last man to defeat Lee. “The Warrior” is undoubtedly hungry to make a statement in his return, hand Rasulov the first loss of his MMA career, and leave Bangkok with 26 pounds of gold. Elite Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belts Mayssa Bastos and Danielle Kelly will lock horns in an intriguing ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title rematch The pair first met in August at ONE Fight Night 24 when Bastos – the best-ever BJJ competitor of the sport’s lightest weight classes – scored a closely contested decision win to dethrone Kelly and claim the divisional belt. Kelly and her supporters disagreed with the judges’ decision, and the American superstar will now look to regain the gold against her Brazilian rival. Fans of world-class BJJ technique and aggressive submission hunting will be in for a treat when Bastos and Kelly square off again. Each woman represents the pinnacle of submission grappling, and if their fast-paced first encounter was any indication, they will both attack at a torrid pace in Friday’s rematch. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) ONE Fight Night 26 features four high-stakes flyweight bouts – two in MMA and two in Muay Thai – and each fight carries significant implications for those World Title pictures Following the retirement of former ONE Flyweight MMA World Champion and all-time great Demetrious “Mighty Mouse” Johnson and there is no shortage of hungry contenders In one battle, current ONE Interim Strawweight MMA World Champion and former undisputed king Jarred “The Monkey God” Brooks will move up to flyweight and face #4-ranked contender Reece “Lightning” McLaren. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) The outspoken American is eyeing two-division glory and his explosive wrestling-based style will be tested against McLaren’s impressive submission skills and ever-evolving striking game In other MMA action, #2-ranked flyweight contender Yuya “Little Piranha” Wakamatsu hopes to punch his ticket to another World Title shot when he takes on dangerous promotional newcomer Gilbert Nakatani. The Japanese superstar has long been a mainstay of the flyweight MMA division’s upper echelon. Nakatani, though, possesses the well-rounded skills and bold confidence to upset the veteran in his ONE debut and rocket himself up the rankings. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) The ONE Flyweight Muay Thai World Title is also vacant after former longtime titleholder Rodtang “The Iron Man” Jitmuangnon failed to make weight while hydrated for his most recent World Title defense In June, Denis “The Bosnian Menace” Puric dropped a kickboxing decision to Rodtang in one of the year’s most electrifying bouts. The 39-year-old brawler will now return to Muay Thai – where he is the division’s #3-ranked contender – to face #5-ranked Elias “The Sniper” Mahmoudi. The fight has fireworks written all over it. Puric is one of the world’s most fearless strikers, always willing to take two or three shots just to land one of his own. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) Mahmoudi, meanwhile, is a ruthless knockout artist on a two-fight winning streak, most recently scoring an incredible spinning backfist KO of Taiki Naito in August at ONE Fight Night 24 Also in “the art of eight limbs,” surging Thai knockout artist Nakrob Fairtex has lost just once in ONE and finds himself on an impressive five-fight winning streak to earn the #4 flyweight Muay Thai ranking Nakrob hopes to make his case for a World Title shot by dispatching his decorated Thai compatriot Kongthoranee Sor Sommai. Both men are master technicians with dynamite in their hands and elbows, so fans should buckle up for a barnburner. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) In bantamweight action, 20-year-old Thai-Algerian phenom Nabil Anane will make his ONE kickboxing debut against the division’s #3-ranked contender and former World Champion Petchtanong Petchfergus. Standing 6-foot-4, the towering Anane has enjoyed a meteoric rise through the world’s largest martial arts organization and will come into this high-stakes contest on a five-fight winning streak that includes victories over several of the organization’s most established stars. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) is on a mission to reclaim the 26 pounds of gold he once held the Thai fan favorite possesses perhaps the best fight IQ in all of kickboxing – the perfect complement to his show-stopping power He returned to ONE in June after a two-year layoff, stopping another former titleholder in Alaverdi Ramazanov with a savage second-round TKO A strong performance for either Anane or Petchtanong in this clash between the new and old guards could lead to a coveted crack at reigning ONE Bantamweight Kickboxing World Champion Jonathan “The General” Haggerty. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ONE Championship (@onechampionship) ONE Fight Night 26 will see the hotly anticipated promotional debuts of two of the planet’s top pound-for-pound submission grapplers First, two-time IBJJF No-Gi World Champion Dante Leon will bring his wealth of experience and supremely well-rounded game to ONE when he faces fellow BJJ black belt Bruno “Puccibull” Pucci. The Canadian powerhouse has collected practically every major title outside of ONE, and he’s excited to make waves and compete against the best of the best on the global stage. View this post on Instagram A post shared by IBJJF (@ibjjf) Later in the card, 20-year-old BJJ phenom “Ice” Cole Abate – long regarded as the sport’s most promising rising star – will square off with Japanese grappling and MMA icon Shinya “Tobikan Judan” Aoki A true wunderkind with no weaknesses in his aggressive Abate’s arrival in ONE is a big moment in the submission grappling world His journey toward establishing himself as an all-time great begins with a dangerous fight against a savvy veteran One might rightly say philanthropist/entrepreneur Jean-Claude Bastos de Morais is a study in contradictions As a private investor specializing in alternative healthcare his insights and expertise are independent of borders while Bastos de Morais’ interests may be broad-based forwarding the singular cause of African socio-economic development has long been and continues to be one of his main areas of focus In many ways, duality has a defining theme of Jean-Claude Bastos’ life. As a citizen of both Switzerland and Angola, his European sensibilities are informed by a deep connection to the African continent and its diaspora. “By profession, I am an economist, venture capitalist, and philanthropist,” he revealed in an interview with Forbes “I have an active interest in the social and economic development of sub-Saharan Africa I studied Business and Administration at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland.” Bastos de Morais became an early proponent of harnessing the promise of technology to elevate Africa’s earning power and encourage financial independence he was fiercely devoted to investing in the human capital of the continent with a goal of empowering Africans to wield more control over their own destinies Bastos was able to create a powerful engine for positive change Jean-Claude Bastos’ Heritage of Technology and Humanitarianism With a family history marked by scientific achievement as well as a deep-seated humanitarian belief in enriching the lives of others Jean-Claude Bastos’ affinity for technology and his passion for philanthropy might loosely be described as “genetic.” Bastos’ mother hailed from Switzerland He credits his paternal grandmother with instilling in him the value that with privilege comes a responsibility to help those less fortunate “I had a very close relationship with my late Angolan grandmother who taught me the importance of valuing humanity,” Bastos told Forbes “She always told me that when you have enough She also taught me the importance of remembering my origins I promised her I would help to make a difference on the African continent.” Bastos de Morais launched the African Innovation Foundation an initiative aimed at aiding and uplifting the continent’s next generation of emerging thought leaders in the fields of agriculture digital information and communications technology “My passion for innovation and my belief that Africa’s future lies in its ability to innovate according to its socio-economic needs led to the founding of the African Innovation Foundation (AIF) Our aim [was] to unleash Africa’s dormant potential and support sustainable projects that improve the lives and the future of people in Africa.” Jean-Claude Bastos believes his dual identity has given him a distinct advantage when it comes to understanding the dichotomy between the demands of modern commerce and the realities of the obstacles Africa must overcome to achieve parity with more industrially advanced parts of the world “I am a dual citizen of both Angola and Switzerland This fact gives me a unique perspective of the continent I can easily recognize the opportunities that this continent offers but also the challenges it faces,” Bastos de Morais told digital B2B publisher Africa Business Communities “Creating an environment which promotes innovation and entrepreneurship is fundamental.” First and foremost a businessman in the early days of his career Jean-Claude Bastos had been active in private equity finance and venture capital for more than 20 years prior to launching the African Innovation Foundation The more time and money he invested in the continent the more he saw a growing need for homegrown technical innovations that could enhance the economy Bastos concluded the most effective vehicle to effect the changes he sought would be an incubator-type foundation that could provide opportunities for talented young Africans to take their innovative concepts from the drawing board and launch them into the real world “I didn’t have financial ideas behind it but more of a social concept I created the foundation and the Innovation Prize with the goal of creating a platform to connect young innovators and entrepreneurs who have ideas with investors,” Bastos recalled during an interview for CNBC Africa’s financial program Beyond Markets By Us” philosophy Jean-Claude Bastos espoused for his new foundation wasn’t new he believed its implementation was essential if the continent hoped to take its rightful place on the global stage economically as well as socially the African Innovation Foundation became a concrete means to encourage both emerging technology and sustainable development created by Africans for the benefit of Africans facilitating technology transfer as well as promoting other platforms that enhance the exchange of ideas and collaboration among researchers and policymakers,” Bastos explained to ABC The Continuing Legacy of African Innovation in conjunction with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa the African Innovation Foundation launched the Innovation Prize for Africa a monetary award to promote advanced technological breakthroughs across the fields of manufacturing environmental amelioration and sustainability “Over the years I have witnessed how it has helped to unearth incredible African potential that would otherwise have gone untapped,” Bastos told Forbes on the heels of the wide acclaim garnered by the Innovation Prize for Africa the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa passed a resolution ushering in a new age of socio-economic transformational innovation “The African continent has many untapped talents/talented professionals who should be supported and given the opportunity to learn This will be key for business and economic development,” Bastos shared with ABC Jean-Claude Bastos’ sentiments were echoed recently by Dr Science & Technology Africa Union Commission in the 10-year anniversary report on the AU’s Science Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa (STISA-2024) We must mobilize and widen the involvement of relevant segments of our population and the Diaspora to participate in Africa’s science and technology program Africa must harvest its population demographic dividend and courage must drive its development agenda.” Jean-Claude Bastos says he is proud of the catalyzing role the African Innovation Foundation and the winners of the Innovation for Africa Prize played in the long-term socio-economic enrichment of the African continent “I feel certain that I am fulfilling my late grandmother’s legacy.” CEOWORLD and ‘CEOWORLD magazine’ are trademarks of The CEOWORLD magazine LTD Mayssa Bastos edged Danielle Kelly to become the ONE atomweight submission grappling champion at ONE Fight Night 24 The aggressive and tactical match saw both women earn catches the Brazilian’s constant search for a finish netted her gold in Bangkok “It feels great. Right now, it’s really hard for me to describe, but I’m really, really happy,” Bastos told ONE following the event “I think it’s special because I’m the first Brazilian to ever win [submission grappling gold] especially because it was a title that I did not have yet and also [it’s] for my legacy.” Kelly knew she had to be aggressive and did not hide that fact in the lead-up to the match the manner in which she decided to go after the nine-time IBJJF champion did catch her off-guard the way that she went after me on the feet,” the Brazilian said but the Brazilian feels like her catch near the end was the best either were able to secure throughout the 10-minute round “I feel like my last catch was the best catch of the match So I feel like if we maybe had a little bit more time I would [have been] able to [finish her],” Bastos remarked Bastos knows she now has a target on her back But that is not phasing the talented submission ace as she proudly wears the ONE atomweight submission grappling title over her shoulder I would be happy to fight,” Bastos said The American had not lost in ONE competition prior to the title tilt Bastos would have no problem running it back with the Philadelphia native I would be happy to fight [Kelly] again,” the new atomweight queen stated Bastos was awarded a $50,000 performance bonus That was even more surprising than picking up the victory Bastos will get a little bit of time to enjoy her title but then it will be back to work with a new goal of defending her crown against all comers Home » MMA News » ONE Championship » Mayssa Bastos versus Danielle Kelly II set for ONE Fight Night… The final U.S. primetime card of the year has only just been announced, yet ONE Fight Night 26: Lee vs. Rasulov on Prime Video is becoming the talk of the town ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Champion Mayssa Bastos makes the first defense of her crown She faces former queen Danielle Kelly in an immediate rematch of their battle last August when they collide on Friday Bastos has been hailed as one of the greatest female BJJ practitioners in the world And that was on show when she arrived in ONE Championship at ONE Fight Night 20 in her debut She dominated Kanae Yamada across 10 minutes to earn a shot at the gold four months later Bastos went on to utilize her leg lock attacks to dominate Kelly in their summertime showdown That resulted in a resounding unanimous decision win for the Brazilian But Kelly now hopes to avenge her only promotional defeat The American superstar enjoyed an unblemished run in ONE She defeated high level opposition in Mariia Molchanova and Ayaka Miura before defending the crown against rival Jessa Khan And after losing out to Bastos definitively at ONE Fight Night 20 the New Jersey native has heart set on finishing the year as World Champion ONE Atomweight Submission Grappling World Champion Mayssa Bastos showed no jitters upon entering ONE Championship She stepped up to challenge Danielle Kelly for the gold in only her second promotional outing at ONE Fight Night 24 the American is the aggressor in her bouts But Bastos’ decorated prowess would not allow that to happen the Pan American champion took the fight to Kelly through her leg locks and relentless pressure that Kelly struggled to handle That resulted in her stealing the crown from the division’s first-ever champion So if Bastos can impose her plan once more she’ll leave no doubt as to who is the world’s best atomweight grappler This article appeared first on BJPENN.COM BJPENN.COM is your premier source for all MMA and UFC News We serve you with the latest breaking news It is also the home of 2X UFC Hall of Fame Champion After a decade of on-line operation BJP has evolved into the most reliable destination for all of your MMA needs contact@bjpenn.com advertising@freestar.com 2025 BJ Penn Enterprises Privacy Policy 2024 BJ Penn Enterprises Privacy Policy Link IconCopy linkFacebook LogoShare on FacebookXShare on XEmailShare via EmailLink copied to clipboardPhiladelphia grappler Danielle Kelly embraces the underdog mentality in her rematch with Mayssa Bastos Bastos defeated Kelly for the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling world title in August Kelly will get an opportunity to win back the belt Friday at ONE Fight Night 26 After losing her belt to Mayssa Bastos at ONE Fight Night 24 in August the former champion is looking to avenge her loss and reclaim the world title “This is definitely not the first time I’m being labeled an underdog,” Kelly told The Inquirer I feel like people just look at me and don’t think I put in the hard work as the rest of the girls or just in general I’m getting legit girls who have won world championships but I just don’t think that I’ll get the same respect as others.” » READ MORE: How Danielle Kelly’s Philadelphia roots helped mold her into a world-class fighter to compete against Bastos on Friday night at ONE Fight Night 26 on Amazon’s Prime Video (8 p.m.) she reflected on her career as a trailblazer in women’s jiu-jitsu After getting bullied in elementary school Kelly started training in karate at the age of 8 at Tiger Schulmann’s Martial Arts in Northeast Philly she discovered the art of jiu-jitsu at age 9 “We moved to the suburbs outside of Philly and right when I got into the new elementary school “I was trying to find another striking or karate school because I didn’t know what jiu-jitsu was at the time That’s when I found out ground fighting is basically jiu-jitsu in case somebody takes you down I did not get the same amount of attention as the guys did so that was a little bit of an eye-opener,” Kelly said even though there’s a lot more girl wrestling teams You would think that people would treat women the same but unfortunately there’s still people like my old coach that do that.” Kelly realized she would have to work harder to succeed in combat sports shattering any boundaries set on her by an unsupportive coach » READ MORE: ‘I knew I was going to beat her’: Philly’s Danielle Kelly reflects on her ONE grappling world title “It was definitely challenging because I saw a different side of the training,” Kelly said “The amount of work and pressure that these kids had from the parents and the coaches made me realize that this is what training was like and that once I get older I didn’t really have a good supporting wrestling coach as I did in the last school So that kind of made me turned off about the idea of wanting to be an Olympic wrestler It kind of just made me stick with jiu-jitsu and make a career out of it.” Kelly made a name for herself as one of the most talented female grapplers with submission grappling victories over several MMA stars including Carla Esparza and Cynthia Calvillo Her skill soon caught the attention of ONE Championship Her debut bout ended in a draw against Mei Yamaguchi Kelly received a $50,000 bonus for her performance and made history alongside Yamaguchi in the promotion’s first-ever women’s submission bout “It was surreal just because it was the first women’s grappling match for ONE,” Kelly said “And also it just kind of shows that jiu-jitsu is growing It’ll probably start being a mainstream sport as other promotions open up grappling especially women’s jiu-jitsu is getting paid the same amount as the guys So there’s definitely a lot of emotions that day when I competed against Mei so it just made me want to work harder after that.” Kelly went on to reel off three straight wins and became the inaugural ONE Women’s atomweight submission grappling world champion by defeating Jessa Khan Kelly entered as a slight favorite over Bastos but I think I got over it a little bit after because if I give a reaction it kind of gives her validation,” Kelly said “I’m actually the only titleholder that did not get a bonus especially because I felt like I initiated a lot of things in the match with her I would say going into this match it’s going to be more motivation and hopefully get the finish or keep attacking her » READ MORE: Lia Lewandowski fought to be taken seriously. Now, she’s locked in on her pro boxing debut. the former champion is entering the bout as an underdog She’s approaching the rematch the same way she did in her title win over Khan and my mindset was I had a lot going on and I just felt like I wasn’t getting the respect,” Kelly said I’m just going to go out there and just fight her and just put on a show “That’s kind of like the mindset I have going into this match Submission grappling gold will be on the line at ONE Fight Night 24 on Prime Video in U.S That night, reigning ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Champion Danielle Kelly will defend her belt against Brazilian star Mayssa Bastos in a 10-minute, submission-only affair that airs live from Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand. Undefeated across four appearances in ONE, the 28-year-old Kelly claimed the division’s inaugural World Title last September at ONE Fight Night 14 with a hard-fought decision victory over 2023 IBJJF World Champion Jessa Khan. It was not only the biggest victory of the Philadelphia native’s career, but it also silenced critics who doubted her ability to defeat the elite of the elite. While she is hungry to prove her doubters wrong again, Kelly has been given an incredibly stiff test for her first World Title defense. Widely regarded as the best woman to ever compete in the lightest weight classes, Bastos boasts a lengthy list of accomplishments that includes nine IBJJF World Titles, as well as multiple Brazilian National, European, and Pan-American titles. The 26-year-old made her highly anticipated ONE debut in March at ONE Fight Night 20, scoring a decision victory over Japanese powerhouse Kanae Yamada. Bastos will now have the opportunity to add one of the only trophies missing from her case – 26 pounds of ONE Championship gold. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) Stylistically, this World Title clash should produce plenty of high-paced action and technical exchanges. On one side, the defending atomweight submission grappling queen is a dangerous leg locker and a well-rounded grappler whose aggressive submission-hunting game works well under ONE’s rule set. Bastos possesses perhaps the sport’s most technically advanced guard game and she is a true master of taking her opponent’s back from practically any position Stay tuned to onefc.com for more news about ONE Fight Night 24 on August 2 On the 10th anniversary of its publication the book’s canny reflections continue to illuminate the sometimes treacherous and convoluted path Africa faces as it moves toward a more enriching and equitable future for all of its citizens Jean-Claude Bastos’ Convergence of Nations Reaps High Praise Better known perhaps for his progressive investment strategies and steadfast philanthropic endeavors than his contributions to literature Jean-Claude Bastos’ Convergence of Nations was met with wide acclaim upon its release nevertheless This expertly written book will heighten international understanding of and interest in our continent This is a compellingly realistic summary of all the big themes affecting Africa’s future Vice President and Treasurer of the International Finance Corporation expressed similar sentiments: “A concise volume on Africa reflecting on the most relevant issues from social infrastructure to physical infrastructure A must-read for all who are passionate about helping Africa achieve its full potential Africa’s potential is humanity's potential!” “At a time when risks elsewhere have been growing – whether in China or Latin America – this book spells out how Africa could be a winner,” declared Jacques de Larosière Former Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund “A thoughtful account of Africa’s problems and opportunities from an important group of writers This is a balanced and sensitive view of people who have thought hard about how Africa can realise its potential,” concluded Mo Ibrahim Foundation board member Lord Simon Cairns “The book’s title aptly identifies two fundamental imperatives needed to drive Africa’s development Africa’s inclusive socio-economic transformation requires convergence of international ideas “The book provides an invaluable new vista for the continent’s future prosperity Supervisors launched a process that could end with added protections for dozens of neighborhood domiciles who was behind a similar measure that died in the legislature last year cited lack of sponsorship by key supporters San Francisco is hosting everything from lucha libre matches to day parties Convergence of Nations Offers a Broad Overview of a Better Future Brilliantly conceived and meticulously annotated Convergence of Nations contains a compendium of provocative and compelling essays penned by some of the most insightful minds of the day With an aim at shedding new light on Africa’s intrinsic strengths and natural resources as well as highlighting the ongoing socio-economic and environmental challenges the continent has yet to fully overcome the book’s central focus emphasizes the ways in which globalization and technology will be increasingly essential to create the kind of lasting innovator ecosystem to both sustain the continent and help it realize its full promise The Convergence of Nations list of contributing authors reads like a who’s who of thought leaders culled by Jean-Claude Bastos from a broad spectrum of diverse disciplines that extends from banking and finance to the worlds of culture and the arts the book features the collected efforts of 30 authors from 13 nations who share their findings and profound insights based on thorough research and pertinent analysis of conditions unique to the African experience The Convergence of Nations does not shy away from disturbing subject matter and institutionalized systemic socio-economic inequity head on the book also offers a series of potential solutions that might be realized by tapping the efforts of an increasingly well-educated African population incentivized to take charge of its own destiny Exploring such ideas as enhanced renewable energy sources The Convergence of Nations also delves into cultural developments in the arts and creative industries the final overarching conclusion that sums up the book’s content is that “Africa must embrace globalization and use the opportunities of cross-border flows of capital ideas and technology to take rapid strides in realizing its potential in areas ranging from energy and mining to agriculture the next generation of African innovators are poised to make the kind of informed decisions and implement best-practice strategies that will serve to maximize future opportunities “Africa can ride the tide of progressive dynamism and beneficial adjustment and do even better,” Bastos wrote in the book’s introduction “The advantage of being a comparative economic latecomer is that it has the chance not only of making [up] its gap with the rest of the world but also of assimilating lessons from other successful regions and forging new paths that can set exemplary international standards.” *The San Francisco Examiner newsroom and editorial were not involved in the creation of this content Your browser is out of date and potentially vulnerable to security risks.We recommend switching to one of the following browsers: Account processing issue - the email address may already exist Ben Pimentel’s new weekly newsletter covering the biggest technology stories in San Francisco Receive our newspaper electronically with the e-edition email Receive occasional local offers from our website and its advertisers Sneak peek of the Examiner real estate section We'll send breaking news and news alerts to you as they happen Invalid password or account does not exist Submitting this form below will send a message to your email with a link to change your password An email message containing instructions on how to reset your password has been sent to the email address listed on your account At ONE Fight Night 24: Brooks vs. Balart on Prime Video, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu superstar Mayssa Bastos will challenge American sensation Danielle Kelly for the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title. That highly anticipated clash is set to go down on August 2 in U.S. primetime from Bangkok’s iconic Lumpinee Stadium. Widely recognized as the greatest women’s BJJ competitor of all time in the sport’s lightest weight classes, the nine-time IBJJF World Champion is a true technical wizard and represents Kelly’s toughest test yet in the world’s largest martial arts organization. Before she takes her shot at ONE gold, we break down the techniques that make Bastos one of the planet’s most dangerous submission hunters. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) The centerpiece of Bastos’ game is unquestionably her berimbolo – a complicated technique in which she inverts upside down under her opponent’s legs and hips to achieve a back-take. Simply put, the 26-year-old possesses the best berimbolo in all of BJJ, male or female, and at any weight class. While she tends to hit the technique from her elite open guard, Bastos has proven plenty capable of jumping into it from the top position, making her a threat to take the back from practically anywhere. Many of Bastos’ opponents will attempt to defend the berimbolo by moving away and forcing their hips to the mat, eliminating the leverage needed to take the back. In response, Bastos is an expert in a position known as the crab ride, where her two feet are hooked behind her foe’s knees. From the crab ride, she will employ her incredible flexibility and mobility to invert upside down, manipulate her foe’s hips, and yet again secure back control. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) Considering that Bastos is arguably the best back-taker in the sport today, it’s no surprise that she’s an elite finisher from that position. Once she takes her opponent’s back, the Brazilian’s weapon of choice is, unsurprisingly, the rear-naked choke. Across her 57 career submission victories at the black belt level, her top finish by a wide margin is the choke from the back. Because Bastos is such a talented and dangerous guard player, fans might dismiss her top game. They’d be mistaken, though, as the Brazilian is a supremely skilled pressure passer. In contrast to her complex and modern guard game, Bastos possesses an old-school style of guard passing that emphasizes pinning pressure and fundamental techniques – all of which remain highly effective against world-class black belts. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mayssa Bastos (@mayssabastos) If she can’t find her way to her opponent’s back, Bastos doesn’t stop hunting for the submission. Beyond the rear-naked choke, her favorite submission is the classic elbow-snapping armbar. 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31130500 and how best to manage it is a topic that is currently attracting a lot of attention The German magazine SPIEGEL has even dedicated a cover story to it in its latest issue Dr Ana Bastos has been a professor of land-atmosphere interactions at Leipzig University since May 2024 The 38-year-old from Portugal is open about having ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Isn’t ADHD a reason not to pursue a career in science says the award-winning researcher in our university magazine It can be a strength – if you can overcome the challenges Her advice to students struggling with ADHD I didn’t even know I had ADHD,” says Professor Ana Bastos there was an explanation for why she had felt ‘different’ for so long exam nerves and even depression – to the point of attempting suicide the education system is not designed for people like me,” says the researcher She says that sitting still for hours on end following a set timetable and learning things in a more or less predetermined way that she couldn’t prioritise herself was terrible for her “It made me so angry that I had panic attacks was afraid to go to class and had to repeat a year of school.” She ended up skipping classes and instead studied subjects she enjoyed in a café “But it didn’t occur to anyone at the time that I might have ADHD,” says Bastos She now knows that her brain “simply works differently to other people It took her a long time to get to this point.  she enrolled at the University of Porto to study physics but switched to environmental engineering in Lisbon after two years The way physics was taught at university was too rigid and overly traditional for me,” she explains atmospheric physics and climatology – and that rekindled my enthusiasm for physics,” says Bastos She travelled to the US on a Fulbright Scholarship then taught and researched in France and Munich where she increasingly focused on biology and ecology psychotherapy was crucial in helping me to learn to cope with the pressure,” says the researcher it is extremely important to demonstrate your academic credentials through papers and externally funded projects “People with ADHD notice many things at the same time,” she explains: “You’re easily distracted if you’re doing something you’re not motivated to do even forgetting to eat and drink,” says the scientist “If you can’t learn to set your own boundaries you won’t get anywhere.” Feelings also play a major role: “I am impulsive and get excited but then I also fall hard,” she admits frankly When she was finally diagnosed with ADHD in 2022 I was able to better understand and communicate my own needs which also made it easier for those around me to understand me,” she says “I also want to emphasise that medication is very helpful,” she adds.  society still focuses too much on ADHD as a disorder and its associated challenges she already spoke openly about her depression She has only disclosed her ADHD in a professional context since moving to Leipzig as a professor I have enough freedom to work in a way that suits my particular needs” she says society still focuses too much on ADHD as a disorder and its associated challenges,” she regrets But she believes ADHD also has its strengths: “Some colleagues have confirmed that I can react spontaneously to challenges and improvise even in complex situations,” says the researcher – an advantage when it comes to defending projects In her courses, Professor Ana Bastos consciously tries to convey an appreciation for different ways of thinking and learning. She shares her experiences and other practical tips for dealing with ADHD in an article in the journal Nature.  “Support groups are very helpful,” she knows from her own experience. To raise awareness of ADHD and develop resources, she has contacted the Office for Equality, Diversity and Family Affairs She is also involved in a national initiative to reduce the stigma around mental illness in science.  the aim is to bring greater inclusion and diversity – including neurodiversity – into academic institutions “Research clearly shows that diverse teams are more creative and deliver better results because they bring in more perspectives,” she says “In climate and environmental research in particular we need solutions to problems that are complex and affect everyone Created by: Birgit Pfeiffer / Translation: Matthew Rockey Land-Atmosphären-Interaktionen workTalstraße 3504103 Leipzig Send email Website Share this page Give feedback about this pageLast amended: 05/05/25 ONE Fight Night 24 will go live from Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok and two top submission grappling stars will get the chance to shine in U.S Danielle Kelly will defend the ONE atomweight submission grappling title for the first time when she meets Mayssa Bastos and it’s likely to be her most significant challenge so far in ONE Championship Kelly took home the inaugural gold in the division in an emotionally charged match against Jessa Khan at ONE Fight Night 14 last September The world title was just icing on the cake for her that evening as defeating Khan helped Kelly prove to any doubters that she is an undeniable superstar in submission grappling and her quest to remain queen starts with Bastos The Brazilian star has long been hailed on the BJJ circuit for her impeccable skill set and she made her ONE Championship debut earlier this year with a decision win over Kanae Yamada The matchup will continue to showcase how exciting submission grappling on a global stage can be and it’ll be a straight-up battle between nonstop aggression and Bastos’ clean technique The atomweight showdown is the first officially announced bout on the ONE Fight Night 24 card but there’s no doubt ONE will continue to pile on the heat between now and August ONE Fight Night 24 airs live and free on Prime Video to all Amazon Prime subscribers based in the U.S Referee Sandra Bastos on fitness: “never stop completely when season ends” Bastos is Portugese Elite referee in the European competitions She shares how she spends her time in the break so her body will be ready when the games begin Sandra Bastos was happy to share her experiences with the readers of Dutch Referee Blog On the 12th of December she officiated in Uefa’s Women’s Champions League (Manchester City vs Sankt Pölten) and on the 22nd a game in her own country a crucial factor is to never stop completely when the season ends” That is what makes the re-start after the end of a season much better because it makes sure her body doesn’t feel as much and the effort doesn’t cost that much energy And then you have to re-start again: “In the pre-season have a balance in the preparation of resistance And maybe important for everyone: fight more in the aspects that are most difficult for you” That’s something you should get in contact about with customs Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed Home » MMA News » ONE Championship » Mayssa Bastos affirms that “it feels great” to finally capture… Mayssa Bastos is still on cloud nine after capturing the ONE Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title She achieved the feat at ONE Fight Night 24 on Prime Video last Friday, August 2. There, she overthrew Danielle Kelly from her throne atop the division The Brazilian is still at a loss for words to fully capture the depth of her emotions following such a monumental win The bout itself was far from an easy ride for Bastos Kelly came out of the gate attacking with head snaps and pressing for takedowns She unleashed a series of leg-lock and kneebar attempts that put Kelly on the defensive leaving no doubt in the minds of the judges all three ringside officials scored the contest in her favor by unanimous decision Bastos was quick to acknowledge the challenges posed by Kelly and she wouldn’t mind running it back with the American in the future the way that she would do a little bit with the feet,” Bastos said Mayssa Bastos’ win adds another prestigious title to her already illustrious career she has achieved nearly everything in “the gentle art.” Yet continuously pushing the boundaries of her capabilities Claiming ONE Championship’s 26 pounds of gold is a significant milestone that further cements her legacy in the world of grappling “I think it’s special because I’m the first Brazilian to ever win [a ONE Submission Grappling World Title],” she said “especially because it was a title that I did not have yet There are no statistics available for this player Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here Mayssa Bastos has a closet full of medals and trophies that detail her success on the Brazilian jiu-jitsu circuit she brought her talents to ONE Championship and scored a unanimous decision win over Kanae Yamada Now on the global stage with a win under her belt, Bastos will get a chance to challenge ONE atomweight submission grappling champion Danielle Kelly for the divisional crown at ONE Fight Night 24 on Friday Bastos is excited for the stylistic matchup that could net her a life-changing win in Bangkok “Our styles are very different, which makes the fight very interesting. We both play guard, but our guard styles are different. I do a lot of berimbolo and like to attack the back. She likes to attack legs more. But, I think I have a good top game. I play guard well and I can also pass guard well… I have to be sharp in all areas,” Bastos told ONE Experience is where the Brazilian believes Kelly holds the biggest advantage The Philadelphia native has competed in ONE on numerous occasions and has gotten accustomed to competing under the promotion’s global submission grappling rule set But that has not deterred Bastos from studying tape and getting to know her opponent intimately ahead of the title tilt “She is very active in ONE events and she knows how to use the rules to her advantage I believe that is her strong point,” she said so the weaknesses that I saw in her game I will keep to myself but the focus is on improving my jiu-jitsu so that I can show high-level jiu-jitsu when I fight Fighting is not encouraged on the global stage it only makes sense that Bastos envisions her matchup with Kelly ending before the final bell “I think the fight will end in submission – at least that will be my goal from start to finish I don’t know where the submission will come from but I give you the certainty of seeking control of the fight until the submission,” the atomweight challenger stated Getting a title shot in her sophomore appearance in the world’s largest martial arts organization came as a little bit of a surprise to Bastos.  she is ready to take a mile when given an inch I’ve always wanted and seen myself fighting in ONE and to already be fighting for the title is just incredible,” Bastos remarked the Costa Mesa-based grappler sees the opportunity to compete in U.S Bastos will broaden her fanbase globally on Aug “Winning this title would bring recognition to the work I have done It would be great to show the world what I love to do and inspire people,” she said ONE Fight Night 24 airs live on Friday, Aug. 2, at 8 p.m. ET/5 p.m. PT on Prime Video to all U.S and ahead of the event Danielle Kelly spoke with MMA KO’s Drew Beaupré before she attempts to reclaim her ONE Atomweight Submission Grappling title in a rematch with Mayssa Bastos Kelly captured ONE’s inaugural Atomweight Submission Grappling World Championship last year before losing to Bastos in August and ahead of the rematch the former champion says she’s feeling a bit less pressure than during the lead up to their first meeting “I feel less stressed this time,” Kelly explained “I think as the match comes closer I get like a little nervous ‘cause I wanna try and get my belt back." Persistence pays off ✨ Is Danielle Kelly ready to take back the ONE Women’s Atomweight Submission Grappling World Title from Mayssa Bastos at ONE Fight Night 26 on @PrimeVideo?#ONEFightNight26 | Dec 6 at 8PM ET🇺🇸🇨🇦 Watch Live on Prime🇬🇧🇮🇪 Watch Live on Sky Sports pic.twitter.com/I2JJnj2s78 Mayssa Bastos vs. Danielle Kelly 2 Set for ONE Fight Night 26 “I think part of it is definitely not being the champ anymore but I think like there’s less pressure on me And I know I put in like a ton of time and work in my last match with her and just disappointed with the result at the end and what happened I’m just not trying to stress little things like that anymore I’m kind of just going forward to put on a fun match and just go after her…I was worried that I would have to wait ‘cause before the Mayssa match I didn’t compete for almost a year and I didn’t wanna take that risk of waiting another year while everyone else is able to compete.” The first match between the two women at ONE Fight Night 24 was a closely-contested affair that ultimately went to the scorecards and even though she came up short in that meeting Kelly feels like she has a good understanding of what Bastos will bring to the table in their rematch “When people keep going against each other they have an idea of what they’re gonna do Like I have an idea – she does it in every match She didn’t really change much - maybe she’s going to for this match ‘cause she’s able to have more time to prepare This was kind of like – timing was very small in this one I don’t see her changing much unless like - maybe she surprises me I think I have to just keep going after her And I think I just have to try to get in her face and be more aggressive I can’t control what the ref or judges see ‘cause I felt like I initiated the whole match I just have to try to break her or go after what I can against her.” 55 seconds of thrill 😱 How will the World Title rematch between Mayssa Bastos and Danielle Kelly unfold at ONE Fight Night 26 on @PrimeVideo?#ONEFightNight26 | Dec 6 at 8PM ET🇺🇸🇨🇦 Watch Live on Prime🇬🇧🇮🇪 Watch Live on Sky Sports pic.twitter.com/rPmMJUZVDw “I feel like I was initiating stuff in the [first] match There’s a point in the match where – in every ruleset of ONE’s matches And at one point where she just sits guard but that wasn’t really talked about in previous stuff For this one I would say like I’m surprised that she tried to do a lot of wrestle-ups so I hope she tries to ‘cause I wanna try to get as many catches as I can...Mayssa wasn’t doing anything I think like even just trying to pass guard from wrestling I’m trying to get a lot of head reactions from her from – either to react to get her to take me down So I felt like I was up for a bit trying to be the aggressive one.” Tang Kai to Defend Belt Against Akbar Abdullaev in ONE Fight Night 27 Main Event The 28-year-old has become a major name for ONE Championship since making her promotional debut against Mei Yamaguchi back in 2022 and Kelly values the opportunity to represent the United States and also showcase women’s grappling on a big year-ending event at ONE Fight Night 26 “I definitely feel like I’m one of the few that's really pushed – especially for women’s grappling I definitely bring the views for the matches like normally most people don’t really know the other opponent or like they don’t know that theyhave a match but when I’m competing against they’re able to more tune in ‘cause they either follow me or they know of me so they’re more wanting to watch the match." Kelly has been with ONE Championship since 2022 / (ONE Championship“It’s always a good feeling when I’m on a card especially flying either all the way to Thailand or Singapore and sometimes I’m like the only American…So it’s really cool I think there’s gonna be three or four Americans on this card coming up that are representing the UnitedStates ‘Cause most times you’re just the only American Fans have already seen grappling phenom Kade Ruotolo make the jump over to MMA in ONE Championship this year and although Kelly is open to competing in MMA in the future she’s currently focused on reclaiming her belt and taking some time off before a potential trilogy matchup with Bastos somewhere down the line Liam Harrison's 'Last Dance' Fight Officially Announced for 2025 Event but my name is just growing and I think there’s definitely always a ‘maybe’ I want to be the best for now and then I’ll see what my team says far future.” A future move to MMA isn't out of the question for Kelly / (ONE Championship)“If I win my belt back next year I definitely want to travel just a bit more for teaching and just having a little mini vacation ‘cause I kinda – right when I got asked for this rematch So I’m gonna just take the rematch.’…I literally just competed in August if it happens I don’t think it should be so soon It’s just like that Alexa Grasso and Valentina [Shevchenko] match people want to see those two fight other people So I would like to see me and her eventually get the trilogy if it happens I wanna like – Kade [Ruotolo] and them went against like wrestlers Mayssa was able to compete against someone else before me The rematch between Kelly and Bastos will feature as the first of two title bouts scheduled for ONE Fight Night 26 at Lumpinee Stadium in Bangkok and in the night’s main event two-division ONE titleholder Christian Lee returns to face unbeaten lightweight challenger Alibeg Rasulov Stick with MMA Knockout for more FREE coverage of the UFC Follow MMA Knockout on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram ${data.results == 'Teams will be announced at the toss' 2023 a 17-year old blue belt named Cassia Moura left Brazil having secured the documents to travel overseas with the intent of competing at the IBJJF World Championships under the guidance of Bruno Bastos Bastos had already heard of Moura long before this from her coach Mikael Reis from IP Jiu Jitsu (a social project Bastos supports) because she just doesn’t fit here.” She was training at a social project Bastos supported Bastos explained that while Moura came from a community with high crime rates She did not have any tendencies towards a life of crime like her peers She bet on herself and on jiu-jitsu to be a way out to not be another statistic like those around her.  After finally getting the opportunity to travel to the United States she initially planned to return home after five weeks warming up by winning a small local tournament in Lubbock mid May before her winning streak on the World Championship mats two weeks later.  Cassia was watching the Female Black Belt Featherweight finals match between Bianca Basilio and Ana Rodrigues Bruno turned and asked her if she would fight either of those athletes that day on the finals mat if she could She replied “I don’t think i would win if I fought either of them today I would definitely still fight them” to which Bruno replied “let’s get ready because you’re going to come back here as a brown belt.” In the next 363 days Cassia went on to make history winning No-Gi Worlds and getting her brown belt; and fulfilling her coaches prophecy dominating yet another World Championship at brown Bastos explains that there is deliberate planning that is involved in Cassia's preparation Bastos gave her the option of choosing to be either an ADCC or IBJJF world champion He could see her potential to be either but respected her choice when she replied “I want to be an IBJJF World champion next year.” When asked how it feels to achieve that goal I think of that every time I step on the mat I fight not just for myself but for my family and friends back home then assisting with 2-3 hours of kids classes Most of it was self directed with her days starting at 5am and ending after 10pm “I knew I had potential and I just had to work really hard,” she said of her training schedule She credits her hard work as well as the help of her coaches back home She said the only regret she has is leaving school to be able to train at that volume Something she plans to remedy here by returning to study.  As for her plans for the future: “Win No-Gi Worlds and then go home for Christmas to see my family.” Sorry the page you were looking for cannot be found Try searching for the best match or browse the links below: Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares announced this Monday before the Congress a new voluntary Spanish contribution of half a million developing European resilience to hybrid threats in Warsaw this week The Association of Spanish Diplomats (ADE) has congratulated their Portuguese counterparts on the approval of their country's new Statute of.. A total of 133 cardinals with the right to vote (and therefore to be elected) will participate The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has appointed Spanish professor and researcher María Teresa Méndez Baiges to the position of director.. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has already received authorization from the General Directorate of Legal Security and Public Faith The general director of Casa Árabe and the ambassador of Tunisia inaugurate the exhibition Illuminations tunisiennes the Instituto Cervantes in Madrid is organizing a meeting with the outstanding Chilean poet Rosabetty.. The Diplomat The Spanish government strongly condemned this Sunday the ballistic missile attack carried out by Yemen's Houthi rebels against.. The Consulate General of Spain in Havana will increase its capacity by 27.2 percent to process applications for nationality arising.. The Diplomat in Spain is the reference digital newspaper for diplomats and companies that want to be well informed © 2024 The Diplomat in Spain Please enter your username or email address to reset your password © 2024 The Diplomat in Spain Sofia Basto-Cabrera of Shawnee.Scott Faytok | NJ Advance Media .st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a}By Chris Nalwasky | NJ Advance Media for NJ.comSofia Basto-Cabera from Shawnee and Marlina Kadar and Sophie Fred of Haddonfield wrapped up their respective seasons on positive note as they won titles at this past weekend’s annual South Jersey Interscholastic Championships at the Centennial Courts in Haddonfield Basto-Cabrera capped her stellar rookie campaign with a 6-2 6-1 win over Clearview‘s Sarah Crawford in the singles final while Fred and Kadar defeated Shawnee’s Emma Czechowski and Sofia Kaufer in the doubles final It was the second time in three years that Shawnee had finalists at singles and doubles Basto-Cabrera dropped just one game in her prior four matches over the courts of the three-day tournament which began the weekend prior 6-0 over Lenape’s Jessica Yao in the semifinals and the Cape-Atlantic League Tournament singles champion The win over Crawford was Basto-Cabrera’s second this month as she also beat the standout senior and two-time Gloucester County Open singles champ when Shawnee and Clearview met in the South Jersey Shawnee won that match on its way to its first-ever state Group 3 title Basto-Cabrera advanced to the semifinals of the state singles tournament and took first at singles at both the Burlington County Open Crawford’s appearance in the SJIC final was her first after reaching the semifinals a year ago as she won 6-3 6-2 over Shawnee’s second singles and another freshman Yao was able to get a round further as she made the quarterfinals last season as well who made the SJIC championship last season together reached the doubles final by knocking-off Moorestown‘s Sasha Krachman and Ruhi Abrol Shawnee‘s top pair of Kaufer and Czechowski won their semis match in a tiebreaker (10-5) against Lenape’s Elise Hyler and Aditi Ramachandran The Bulldawgs duo won two other doubles titles this season at the Colonial Conference Tournament and the Camden County Championships Fred and Kadar played their way into the third round of the state doubles tournament as well and helped Haddonfield bring home the South Chris Nalwasky may be reached at cnalwasky@njadvancemedia.com . 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