Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo São Paulo city sees some 2,000 street tree failures per year The statistic excludes parks and environmental protection areas The authors analyzed data for 456 tree failures in the central area of São Paulo which is managed by one of the city government’s 32 regional administrations which comprises eight districts (Sé These are among the oldest and most verticalized neighborhoods in the city not counting trees in 130 parks and squares and some 2,000 street tree failures are recorded each year the fire brigade received 250 calls relating to street tree failures due to rainstorms with winds reaching 94 km per hour in some areas disruption of the overhead power lines by falling branches and trees left more than 2 million inhabitants without electricity the authors propose guidelines for action by the various stakeholders to reduce the number of tree falls especially when due to failure of trunks and roots and the damage they do to the city and its inhabitants The researchers advocate a detailed assessment of the conditions of trees throughout the city and urge the city government to work with private enterprise on ways of assuring appropriate pruning from individuals to companies and government should also take steps to make sure sidewalks have sufficient room to let roots grow.  His research interests include ways to optimize ecosystem services in urban forests from carbon capture and cooling to air pollution reduction and the development of nature-based solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change.  first author of the article and a professor of plant physiology at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) The Municipal Urban Tree Management Plan (PMAU) was launched in 2020 and has a participatory basis According to the Department for Green Areas and the Environment 42 of the actions called for by the plan are in progress “We are following the guidelines put forward by the authors in the shape of new procedures within the framework of the PMAU such as adaptation of the flow of routine tree inspections and assessments The study was conducted under the aegis of an agreement with UNIFESP demonstrating our commitment to improve tree management in the city by making more science-based decisions,” said a press release issued by the department Managing more than 650,000 trees in São Paulo is a challenge but it can be met with the knowledge accumulated on individual trees as well as maintenance techniques “The key is to build a holistic vision of the city’s tree population with a management plan that permits improvement and constant monitoring to ensure that its green areas are healthy producing a maximum of ecosystem services and reducing losses due to tree failure as much as possible The most important contribution research can make is holistic guidelines of this kind to assure progress,” he said The other study highlighted evidence that the main cause of tree failures during the dry season is not weather but lack of management and inadequate conditions for the survival of street vegetation (read more at: agencia.fapesp.br/36547).  Predicting urban tree failure is a challenge everywhere in the world as it involves multiple factors such as weather Tree stability is particularly at risk in urban canyons (streets lined with skyscrapers) where gusts of wind alternate with lulls and eddies near buildings The dataset analyzed by the authors was based on 456 tree failures that occurred between January 2016 and November 2018 in the eight neighborhoods of the Sé district Agronomists coordinated by the local authority recorded the date of each failure and other criteria such as site characteristics Up to four failures were associated with 38 species and five or more with 21 The authors explain that only absolute numbers were available owing to a lack of detailed floristic inventories so that a breakdown of the causes of failure by species was not possible.  The most frequent species in the dataset were Ligustrum lucidum and Tipuana tipu (13% each) and these species are also the most common in the city alongside Ficus benjamina (Weeping fig) Branch failures accounted for 46% of the 456 cases analyzed The proportion of branch failures contrasted with previous studies in which root and trunk failures predominated but the authors note that this may be biased by the fact that branch failure has only recently been considered a potential issue They used artificial intelligence to analyze the data and arrived at three predictors of failure: wood condition Wood condition took into account degradation by fungi the presence of xylophagous (wood-eating) insects such as termites and wood borers trees were divided into three categories: healthy; low degradation with early signs of decay such as discoloration; and high degradation with advanced signs of decay and changes in texture and structure due to significant hollows the criteria related to possible constriction by compacted soil The main conflict with overhead cables involved crossing tree crowns In the case of pruning the authors identified four types: raising (to make room for pedestrians) V-shaping (to increase the distance between branches and overhead cables) and topping (removal of all or most of the crown) The latter two are considered drastic and potentially dangerous as they increase the probability of trunk failure Most of the trees that lost branches had no clear signs of wood degradation by fungi while more than 40% of the trees with trunk or root failure exhibited signs of low or high degradation About 14% of root failures and 11% of trunk failures were associated with signs of constricted root collars compared to only 4% of branch failures.  The study was a collaborative project involving scientists at the University of São Paulo (USP) the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) an arm of the São Paulo State Department of Economic Development) and the government of São Paulo city “It’s very important to be proactive in addressing this problem Having identified the causes of tree failure academia and government must work together In addition to suggesting tree management guidelines the results of the study should persuade authorities private enterprise and citizens to stop using practices that endanger the city’s trees and the benefits they provide,” Locosselli said Cavalari pointed out that UNIFESP and the city government have partnered to offer a course in urban tree management initially to train employees of the Department for Green Areas and the Environment The course has reached its fifth edition with an expanded attendance of contractors service providers and municipal government workers from other cities Cities are doing surveys to collect data of their own and academia is contributing a significant amount of research with results that improve tree management,” Cavalari said About São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128181 Predicting tree failure to define roles and guidelines in risk management are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system Copyright © 2025 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style Metrics details The foraging activity of diurnal bees often relies on flower availability especially as light levels vary considerably from night to day and from night to night due to moon phase and cloud cover Given that bee apposition compound eyes function at their limits in dim light we expect a strong dependence of foraging activity on light intensity in nocturnal bees Besides being limited by minimum light levels to forage nocturnal bees should also avoid foraging at brighter intensities which bring increased competition with other bees We investigated how five factors (light intensity and wind) affect flower visitation by Neotropical nocturnal bees in cambuci (Campomanesia phaea We counted visits per minute over 30 nights in 33 cambuci trees Light intensity was the main variable explaining flower visitation of nocturnal bees which peaked at intermediate light levels occurring 25 min before sunrise The minimum light intensity threshold to visit flowers was 0.00024 cd/m2 Our results highlight the dependence of these nocturnal insects on adequate light levels to explore resources nocturnal bees in general seem to be rare and have some relation to light levels in their environments especially in the genera Megalopta (Halictidae) and Ptiloglossa (Colletidae) such as what environmental factors affect nocturnal bee activity and especially how this activity is affected by light limitations where light intensity likely plays a major role in their foraging behaviour nocturnal bees could be favoured by foraging as early each day as possible Considering the limitations in their ability to see at the dimmest nocturnal light levels and their intense competition with a massive number of diurnal bees that start to arrive at flowers around sunrise when light levels are bright enough we should expect a higher activity of nocturnal bees during the mid-twilight period when light intensities are at intermediate levels nocturnal bees can still access flower resources earlier than other bees but without compromising their visual capacities (as would have been the case at the dimmest nocturnal light levels) foraging activity in nocturnal bees might increase as light levels rise and fall as light levels continue to rise towards sunrise Nocturnal bee species that visit flowers of cambuci (Campomanesia phaea (A) Ptiloglossa latecalcarata (Colletidae) Here we investigate how light intensity affects the foraging activity of nocturnal bees on cambuci flowers We also measure other environmental factors that could interfere with this relationship Our hypotheses are: (1) light intensity is the main environmental factor that influences foraging activity in nocturnal bees and (2) nocturnal bees are more active at intermediate light intensities in the twilight period We also expect that foraging activity can start earlier on brighter nights Our findings demonstrate that the interaction between nocturnal bees and flowers strongly depends on light intensity We discuss how this dependence can be explained by ecological requirements and evolutionary processes We observed flowers for 7,614 min (or 127 h) over 30 days during morning twilight The beginning of the observation period varied from 5:12 h during the first twilight (17 October 2017) to 4:45 h during the last twilight (24 November 2017) while the end of the observation period varied from 6:59 h during the first twilight to 6:39 h during the last twilight This disparity reflects the variation in day length throughout the season which resulted in an increase of 7 min in the total observation period from the first (108 min) to the last (115 min) twilight period air temperature and flower abundance varied considerably among twilight periods while relative air humidity and wind speed were less variable The average number of visits per flower per minute for all twilight periods, and for the five species of nocturnal bees taken together, was 2.13 ± 6.46 × 10–2 (mean ± SD), which were distributed in 33 cambuci trees (Table 1) had an average of 1.90 ± 6.12 × 10–2 (mean ± SD) visits per flower per minute—approximately 90% of the total Visitation rate (visits/flower/min) by nocturnal bees on cambuci flowers and light intensity variation during twilight and for 30 min after sunrise Black dots are average visitation rate values and black bars are standard errors of the mean (n = 30 twilight periods) The coloured curve represents mean light intensity for each minute during twilight and the shaded area the relative errors (n = 30 twilight periods) Background colours represent true night (dark grey) The vertical dashed line approximately marks mid-twilight Sunrise time (0 in the time axis) varied between 6:29 h on the first sampled twilight (17 Oct 2017) to 6:09 h on the last twilight (24 Nov 2017) The main environmental factor explaining cambuci flower visitation rate by nocturnal bees was light intensity. The model accounting for the effects of light intensity (with a quadratic term for light) was the best supported by the data, and no alternative model had an equivalent support (that is ∆AICc < 2, Table 2) with the following equation for standardized variables: Visitation rate = – 2.94 + 0.44 × (light intensity) – 1.60 × (light intensity)2 – 0.05 × (temperature) + 0.06 × (humidity) – 0.07 × (wind) + 0.08 × (flowers) only light intensity had a considerable and relevant effect on visitation rate Distribution of visitation rate (visits/flower/min) by nocturnal bees on cambuci flowers during twilight as a function of light intensity measured as luminance (cd/m2) Boxes delimit where 50% of the values for each light interval are concentrated horizontal lines indicate the median (all of them are zero) The red curve represents the predicted visitation rate by the best supported model which includes a quadratic term for the light effect The 95% confidence interval of predicted values is shown in light grey This finding confirms our previous understanding concerning the dimmest conditions in which nocturnal bees can find flowers in general especially in darker environments such as forests our results demonstrate that foraging activity is limited by light intensity and can occur in extremely dim conditions our study confirms the importance of measuring actual light levels in situ rather than using arbitrary descriptors such as “nocturnal” “crepuscular” or “diurnal” when comparing the behaviours of bees that are dependent on light intensity this is not the case for the nocturnal bees studied here These bees still have a strong light-dependent activity but bee activity peaks at intermediate light levels and then falls as light levels increase even more so variations in flower availability might not affect the activity of nocturnal bees as much as it would for the considerably more numerous diurnal bees bees were foraging within a high density of cambuci trees—their apparent main source of pollen—over a relatively small area This represents a highly artificial condition since cambuci trees are very likely to be sparser in their natural habitats floral resources were probably not limiting for these bees Our study appears to be the first to evaluate how several factors simultaneously affect nocturnal bee activity on a fine scale (i.e over intervals of one minute) and to determine the exact relation between environmental variables and the foraging activity of nocturnal bees it seems that light intensity affects the activity of nocturnal bees in general but that the effect of temperature is secondary and varies according to context This probably explains why the foraging behaviour of our bee Ptiloglossa latecalcarata arizonensis and likely to have the same thermoregulatory capacities it would be worthwhile to investigate how nocturnal bees specifically respond to various floral visual cues and how they integrate information from different sensory modalities (e.g especially in a community-wide perspective light intensity is the main environmental factor affecting the foraging activity of nocturnal bees on cambuci flowers Their activity during the morning twilight peaks at intermediate light intensity levels with higher light levels in the first half of the twilight These findings highlight the environmental factors that are relevant for explaining the interaction between nocturnal bees and their host plants Our results also show that the light-dependent activity of bees is not always linear (as found in many diurnal species) this non-linear activity might be explained in terms of evolutionary advantages to forage earlier associated with an endogenous clock that possibly sets the time to stop foraging and/or prevents competition from diurnal bees at higher light levels Intriguing questions that remain for further study include how the different senses used by bees to find flowers (such as olfaction) interact with this light-dependent activity are affected by ambient light intensity in other contexts the total observation time per twilight period ranged from 108 to 115 min since rain limits bee activity and imposes technical limitations on measuring light levels two or three observers randomly selected one tree each totalling two or three flowering cambuci trees per night we moved along the planting line from east to west until a flowering individual was found Each observer selected a number of flowers to watch during each twilight (average of 12 observed flowers per tree according to the number of flowers in the field of view) and stayed close to the tree waiting for bees with their head lantern turned off we turned lanterns on for a few seconds to register the bee species the exact minute of each visit and the bee species observed we organized raw data as the number of visits for different bee species each single minute We calculated the flower visitation rate (number of visits per observed flower per minute) as our response variable and discriminated between each tree and each night We also counted visits from diurnal bee species since they started to arrive when nocturnal bees were still active (Supplementary Information) We measured maximum wind speed for the entire observation period with a portable cup anemometer (PCE-A420 Germany) installed close to the photometer All devices were equipped with data loggers and visitation data could be compared with environmental factors minute by minute We also qualitatively estimated cloud cover in the sky; twenty nights had completely overcast skies while ten were clear starlit nights Weather conditions were relatively constant throughout the duration of each observed twilight Flower availability was estimated as flower abundance in two ways: (1) the total number of recently open flowers in 20 randomly selected cambuci trees each night (orchard flower abundance); and (2) the total number of recently opened flowers in the selected trees (tree flower abundance) We randomly selected 20 different individual trees from which to count flowers after the end of the observation period and repeated the selection each night to detect daily floral resource variation We counted all recently opened flowers in a tree following branches from bottom to top To evaluate how light intensity affects the activity of nocturnal bees when controlling for other environmental factors we modelled visit count data using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with a Poisson distribution and included the number of observed flowers per tree as an offset All models included the additive effects of environmental factors (light intensity and flower abundance) as predictor variables (fixed effects) and an identifier of the tree and the sampling night as possible random effects to account for shared variance of nested sampling units We followed a widely used two-step model selection protocol70 but alternative combinations of the random effects to determine the random-effect structure that is best supported by the data We selected models using corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) We then kept the random-effect structure from the best supported model and fitted the following models to identify the best supported fixed-effect structure: (1) all environmental variables except light intensity; (2) all environmental variables including a linear effect for light intensity; (3) all environmental variables including a quadratic effect for light intensity; (4) no fixed effects (null model) We included a model with quadratic effect for light intensity to model a scenario where intermediate light intensities produce larger visitation rates we used the AICc to again identify which relation between light intensity and bee activity (if any) was best supported by the data We calculated 95% confidence intervals for the estimated fixed effect of each predictor variable in the best model to evaluate how strong the effect of light intensity was compared with other factors Our hypotheses predicted a quadratic relationship of visitation rate and light intensity with a peak of activity at intermediate light intensities during twilight We also expected that the effect of light intensity would be larger than the effects estimated for the other environmental predictors All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its Supplementary Information files) The Bees of the World (The Johns Hopkins University Press Behavioural environments and niche construction: The evolution of dim-light foraging in bees Seeing in the dark: Vision and visual behaviour in nocturnal bees and wasps Visual ecology of Indian carpenter bees I: Light intensities and flight activity Foraging strategies and physiological adaptations in large carpenter bees Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Abelhas Brasileiras: Sistemática e Identificação (Fundação Araucária The evolution of nocturnal 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Nocturnal pollination by the carpenter bee Xylocopa tenuiscapa (Apidae) and the effect of floral display on fruit set of Heterophragma quadriloculare (Bignoniaceae) in India The effect of ambient temperature on forager sound production and thoracic temperature in the stingless bee Thermal constraints on activity patterns in nectar-feeding insects Foraging behavior of Scaptotrigona depilis (Hymenoptera Meliponini) and its relationship with temporal and abiotic factors Body size limits dim-light foraging activity in stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) Temporal patterns of flower visitation by solitary bees with particular reference to the southwestern United States Patterns and processes in nocturnal and crepuscular pollination services eye design and the optimum strategy of spatial and temporal summation Nocturnal vision and landmark orientation in a tropical halictid bee Vision and visual navigation in nocturnal insects Vision in dim light: Highlights and challenges Is nocturnal foraging in a tropical bee an escape from interference competition? Bigger is better: implications of body size for flight ability under different light conditions and the evolution of alloethism in bumblebees Brazilian Trees: A Guide to the Identification and Cultivation of Brazilian Native Trees (Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora Pollination of Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae) by night-active bees: A new nocturnal pollination system mediated by floral scent Light intensity limits foraging activity in nocturnal and crepuscular bees Influence of abiotic factors and floral resource availability on daily foraging activity of bees Foraging dynamics of Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) on pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) in Southern Ontario Floral resource utilization by solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and exploitation of their stored foods by natural enemies Circadian activity rhythm of the foragers of a eusocial bee (Scaptotrigona aff depilis Time is honey: Circadian clocks of bees and flowers and how their interactions may influence ecological communities Ecological aspects of endogenous rhythmicity Temporal patterns of floral visitation for two bee species foraging on Solanum Possible foraging benefits of bimodal daily activity in Proxylocopa olivieri (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) Pollination of Cambessedesia wurdackii in Brazilian campo rupestre vegetation with special reference to crepuscular bees Flowering phenology of Mouriri guianensis (Melastomataceae) and its interaction with the crepuscular bee Megalopta amoena (Halictidae) in the restinga of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park Temperature and water relations in desert bees Nocturnal bee pollinators are attracted to guarana flowers by their scents Pollination of Machaerium opacum (Fabaceae) by nocturnal and diurnal bees Getting to the start line: How bumblebees and honeybees are visually guided towards their first floral contact Host-plant finding and recognition by visual and olfactory floral cues in an oligolectic bee Host location by visual and olfactory floral cues in an oligolectic bee: Innate and learned behavior Community-wide integration of floral colour and scent in a Mediterranean scrubland Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification Observations on the behavior of Brasilian halictid bees R Core Team, R. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Found. Stat. Comput. Vienna, Austria. www.R-project.org (2017) Bolker, B. & R Core Team, R. bbmle: Tools for general maximum likelihood estimation. R Packag. version 1.0.20. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bbmle (2017) Hartig, F. DHARMa: Residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi-level/mixed) regression models. R Packag. version 0.1.5. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DHARMa (2017) Wickham, H., Francois, R., Henry, L. & Müller, K. dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation. R Packag. version 0.7.4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr (2017) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (Springer Sarkar, D. Lattice: Multivariate data visualization with R. R Packag. version 0.20–38. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lattice (2008) Sarkar, D. & Andrews, F. latticeExtra: Extra graphical utilities based on lattice. 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R Packag. version 0.8.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyr (2018) Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R (Springer Download references and Ana Carolina Oliveira for help in the field work; Mr Alexandre and family for permission to work in their cambuci orchards; Marco A Meirelles for technical support on field devices; Sebastian Koethe and Klaus Lunau for help in collecting reflectance data; Paulo R Open access funding provided by Lund University Paulo Inácio Prado & Isabel Alves-dos-Santos and analysed the other data with the remaining authors prepared figures and led manuscript writing The authors declare no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72047-x Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Anthropocene newsletter — what matters in anthropocene research Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker The Brazilian presence in New York’s art scene reaches new heights with a presentation of paintings by master artist Alfredo Volpi on view at Barbara Gladstone’s uptown outpost through January 6 who was born in Italy in 1896 and moved to São Paulo’s Cambuci neighborhood in 1898 is perhaps the most beloved Brazilian artist of the twentieth century—but remained little known outside of Latin America until now organized with help from São Paulo’s Bergamin & Gomide gallery and the Alfredo Volpi Institute of Modern Art On display in the pristine white gallery space are 19 paintings made between the late 1950s and mid 1970s First-time viewers are offered the opportunity to familiarize themselves with Volpi’s signature style—a startlingly clear combination of form and color that has the power to arrest time he was painting landscapes and still-lifes with the influence of the Concrete and the Neoconcrete artists he started flirting with abstraction,” says gallerist Thiago Gomide He knew what he wanted to do and how he wanted to do it.” By the time of his death in 1988 the landscapes and depictions of building façades and flags that he began making in the 1910s had completely dissolved into an abstraction derived from his unyielding observation of the places around him Volpi began working as a commercial artist designing and painting home interiors for wealthy clients His trajectory could be compared to Willem de Kooning who also ended his studies at an early age and worked hands-on for a design firm before establishing himself as a professional artist the manual and material elements of painting remained primary throughout Volpi’s life In addition to making his own stretchers and frames (each one is slightly off-kilter Volpi also developed his own technique for making paints using pigment and egg whites to create a unique luminescence and lightness without compromising the brilliance of his color sensibility “The younger generation loves him too,” Gomide tells Galerie “The language might be not so contemporary any more He was a genius and every young painter knows that.” Referred to by preeminent Brazilian art critic Mário Pedrosa as the “master of his time,” Volpi was awarded the prize for Best National Painter at the second edition of the São Paulo biennial in 1953 The exhibition was held in a new Oscar Niemeyer-designed pavilion within the city’s centrally-located and highly celebrated Ibirapuera Park marking it as a significant point in the establishment of the Brazilian Modernist vision and subsequently placing Volpi at the very center of that Despite this success and production of over 3,000 works in his oeuvre staying within the Cambuci neighborhood until the end of his life and adopting somewhere near 30 homeless children (which has left his estate tied up in conflict and without any official gallery representation) Volpi’s artworks have remained largely within Brazil with some private collections numbering in the hundreds (his dedicated band of collectors are known to acquire his paintings by the dozen) thanks to a presentation of his works by Bergamin & Gomide at Art Basel Miami Beach 2014 and a 2016 exhibition of his work at London’s Cecilia Brunson Projects in collaboration with São Paulo’s Almeida e Dale Art Gallery Volpi’s work has started receiving the attention of international collectors and been thrust onto the world stage Paintings from the 1950s and 60s are the most sought after with prices for choice canvases reaching a few million dollars Works from other decades can sometimes be found for as little as $100,000 buyer beware: the Volpi bug is not easy to shake “Alfredo Volpi” is on view at Gladstone 64 through January 6, 2018. gladstone64.com  © 2023 Hudson One Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy This boot has been designed by Penalty for Football 5-a-side players The Brazilian NGO Urece Sports and Culture for the Blind and Penalty one of the largest Brazilian sports brands have just created the world’s first boot designed specifically for Football 5-a-Side which is played by visually impaired athletes The boots have a stronger grip on the part of the foot used to dribble the ball and reinforced back-heels to protect players’ ankles Penalty is the official sporting goods supplier for Urece teams ensuring that the athletes of the association have high quality products designed specifically for their activities “I am very honoured by the interest of a large company like Penalty in producing materials specifically for athletes with disabilities like me and allowing these athletes to achieve the peak of their performance as athletes in Paralympic sports,” said Anderson Dias world champion and Athens 2004 Paralympic gold medallist in the sport who worked closely with Penalty during the design process “I also feel privileged to be the athlete who gave guidelines for the making of this boot It will be very suitable for controlling and shooting the ball in Football 5-a-Side,” he added Urece has been a pioneer in developing sports for the blind and strives to allow people with disabilities to show their potential instead of their limits Urece has worked to develop equipment specifically made for Football 5-a-Side as well as Goalball Cambuci has increased partnerships with clubs The partnership between Urece and Penalty helps it to develop specific materials and offer quality products for Football 5-a-Side Penalty wants to offer world-class equipment for several strategic sports and Paralympic sports are an important area for the company 43,000+ global companies doing business in the region. 102,000+ key contacts related to companies and projects Analysis, reports, news and interviews about your industry in English, Spanish and Portuguese. as the fair circuit hits São Paulo for SP-Arte we checked in with the brothers to reflect on the Brazilian city they’ve called home for 40 years and a street art culture they’ve largely defined and how it might have inspired you to begin making art OSGEMEOS: Being born in São Paulo exposed us to an environment full of creativity; we had lots of fun in the streets of our neighborhood Cambuci the hip-hop culture was very strong during the ’80s putting us in contact with various types of art like music (hip-hop) We felt the need to show this to people—through our art like meditating and getting in contact with our spiritual side we grew up learning a lot about improvisation how to work with only a little and do a lot—to filter things and return it to people in a positive way!  and now scales public walls and galleries and museums all over the world What are some of the most memorable works you’ve made in São Paulo—from your earliest days painting in the streets to more recent projects OSGEMEOS: We believe that everything we do—from a simple drawing in a notebook to our work in institutions such as galleries and museums—it is all connected and we consider all the elements memorable and important we can open a window to our universe and completely transform the space without sculptures and installations our universe is playful and we are very happy to be able to translate it to everyone else in a palpable way to allow people to forget for some time about the real life problems We believe that everyone has a playful side which sometimes life just takes away from us every work and exhibition we have done in São Paulo is very important to us Our last exhibition in the city for example brought so many people to the museum—people of all tribes and social conditions.  Artsy: What is it like to live in São Paulo as an artist OSGEMEOS: To live in São Paulo means to survive every day to absorb the city and give back to it what it offers us São Paulo made us what we are—we chose to use the city How does it compare to other cities around the world São Paulo is a chaotic city in constant transformation and now a new generation of artists is choosing to transform the chaotic experiences in amazing works Artsy: What projects are you currently working on OSGEMEOS: We have a big exhibition in production to be opened in the end of June at Galpão Fortes Vilaça We are putting all of our energy into this project; we are showing many new works and it will certainly be an immersion in our universe—we are very glad to be able to open our portals once more Explore SP-Arte 2014 on Artsy and held influence after redemocratization Paulo Fridman / Bloomberg via Getty images former minister and federal deputy Antonio Delfim Netto who coordinated Brazil’s economic policy during the military dictatorship (1964–1985) continued to exercise influence after redemocratization and helped to create a key postgraduate program in his discipline in the country Born in the working-class neighborhood of Cambuci Delfim graduated in accountancy at the Carlos de Carvalho Technical Trade School In 1948 he embarked upon an economics course at what is today known as the School of Economics Business and Accounting of the University of Sao Paulo (FEA-USP) which had been created three years earlier Netto became assistant to professor Luiz de Freitas Bueno (1922–2006) A pioneer in introducing quantitative methods for economic studies in Brazil Bueno played a decisive role in Delfim’s instruction along with historian Alice Canabrava (1911–2003) who encouraged students to obtain data from primary sources The influence of both is evident in the associate professor habilitation thesis he defended in 1959 at USP “The coffee problem in Brazil,” for which he studied policies on the commodity’s price valuation during the First Republic (1889–1930) “Delfim conducted a comprehensive survey of background data and applied sophisticated econometric techniques for the time to analyze them,” says economist Roberto Macedo He concluded that interventions in the coffee market contributed to its instability stimulating increased national output and the involvement of new competitors in the external market “The thesis brought about an important review of that period and was one of the first in the country to incorporate a methodology still in the early days of discovery around the globe,” recounts Gian Carlo Maciel Guimarães Hespanhol who studied the thinking of Delfim for his master’s dissertation Delfim took over the Economic Development Theory chair at FEA after defending the thesis “A few issues in planning for economic development.” In this study he analyzed the models proposed by international literature at the time still difficult to access by Brazilian researchers and submitted a number of policies to econometric tests Delfim was the first economist to graduate from FEA and become a full professor a post at the pinnacle of the lecturing career at that time He organized weekly seminars to discuss academic books and articles tasking students to read and present on them to their classmates Some of these gatherings were held in the afternoons Delfim was party to the creation of the Economic Research Institute (IPE) the discipline’s first postgraduate center at USP the Rio branch of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) created the Economics Graduate School (EPGE) The United States government and the Ford Foundation funded scholarships and advisement from American professors for the two institutions The economist headed up the Ministry of Finance between 1967 and 1974 with the military dictatorship in full swing Brazil’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by an average 10% per year and doubled in size Reforms effected by the government of General Humberto Castello Branco (1897–1967) paved the way for measures he put in place such as the expansion of credit and stimulation of exports This period would come to be known as the “economic miracle,” as the growth boost was neither accompanied by an uneven balance of payments Statistics published years later called these results into question with a considerable increase in the concentration of income at the tip of the social pyramid The political circumstances of the time enabled Delfim to steer economic policy with powers that none of his successors enjoyed he was a signatory of Institutional Act no bringing on the most violent period of the authoritarian regime on closing down the National Congress Under the government of General Emílio Garrastazu Médici (1905–1985) Delfim encouraged investment in research to expand and diversify Brazilian agricultural output Delfim released resources to fund the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) created in 1973 and one of the research institutions responsible for the development of techniques enabling an increase of productivity in the field when General Ernesto Geisel (1907–1996) took over the presidency Delfim was replaced at the Treasury by economist Mário Henrique Simonsen (1935–1997) and was nominated as Brazilian ambassador to France in Paris He returned to the government in Brazil in 1979 He was Agriculture Minister for five months and then once again took the helm of the economy The economy had been rattled by external shocks blows in the previous years and falling into a recession at the beginning of the 1980s “The situation began to improve at the end of the dictatorship and the imbalances were only corrected after democracy returned,” says economist Marcos Lisboa who ran the INSPER Education and Research Institute and was a professor at FGV’s EPGE in Rio Delfim was part of the Constituent National Assembly He left the Chamber of Deputies in early 2007 During the first term of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2006) he became an advisor and proposed a public deficit control plan but this was dismissed by the Workers’ Party (PT) the economist died “due to health complications,” according to a communication from the family He was the widower of Mercedes Saporski Delfim when he remarried with Gervásia Diório He is also survived by his grandson Rafael FEA-USP archiveAbove: one part of the collection donated by Delfim to FEA-USP with works such as The Wealth of Nations (top right) by Adam Smith Delfim Netto left his legacy in the form of a huge private collection of books—mostly on economics—along with scientific journals and articles Currently housed in the library of the School of Economics Business and Accounting of the University of Sao Paulo (FEAUSP) this collection of eight decades brings together more than 100,000 items including 94,531 books and thousands of academic publications; Netto had them copied and organized into bound volumes The FEA library was renovated and extended to receive the collection that he decided to donate in 2011 and he continued making sporadic donations after its inauguration in 2014 While there are no rarities in the archive it is up there among the most comprehensive private collections of books on economics in Brazil the space currently receives some 50 in-person consultations per month; The demand was greater in the early years above all for its comprehensiveness,” economist Eduardo Giannetti da Fonseca told Pesquisa FAPESP; Fonseca first visited the Delfim library in the early years of his academic career while researching and lecturing at the University of Cambridge in the UK Giannetti made copies of nineteenth-century pamphlets and treaties in the rare works section of the British institution’s library at the request of Delfim as he recounted in an interview with Piauí magazine © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved has acquired a 100% stake in "Implacil de Bortoli," Brazil's third-largest dental implant market It is interpreted as a strategic move to target Brazil and South America Ostem Implant's acquisition of Implant de Bortoli is part of a "bolt-on" strategy to expand market dominance and generate synergies through acquisitions by companies in the same industry and the UkK Partners consortium spent about 2.5 trillion won to acquire Ostem Implants Implacille de Vortoli is the third largest company in the Brazilian implant market as of 2022 producing and selling more than 1,300 dental solutions It has an annual production capacity of 9.1 million units at two production facilities in Brazil's "Tambore" and "Cambuci," and supplies products to more than 13,000 customers through five distribution centers Implacil de Vortoli is showing high growth with sales of 36 billion won and EBITDA of 11 billion won in the previous 12 months (October 1 annual average sales growth of 50.8% and annual EBITDA growth of 60.4% from 2020 to 2023 Brazil's largest city and the world's fourth-largest city by population Implacile de Bortoli has a market share of 26.8% Ostem Implants and Implacil de Vortoli are expected to be able to cross-sell both companies' products and expand their market share in Brazil by improving their Implacil de Vortoli products through Ostem Implants' leading R&D innovation technology it is expected to further strengthen the competitiveness of Ostem implants in the United States with a wider range of products ranging from premium brand Hiossen to cost-effective products The acquisition funds will reportedly be raised through surplus cash from Ostem Implant's U.S Deal closing is expected at the end of May all of Brazil's top three local dental implant companies will be acquired by global implant companies was acquired by Switzerland's Straumann for US$495 million in 2015 was acquired by the US' Henry Schein for $300 million in May last year ※ This service is provided by machine translation tool Time Out Abu Dhabi Sign up to our newsletter for the latest and greatest from your city and beyond Home » Travel » Street art in Sao Paulo Explore Sao Paulo through its historic murals and arty districts hilly streets of Vila Madalena and works of OsGemeos in Cambuci sidewalks broken up by tree roots or simply washed away by the tropical rain not to mention the brutal ups and downs of its hills: São Paulo is hardly a pedestrians’ paradise But there is plenty to discover for those who head out on foot Vila MadalenaNo neighbourhood concentrates quite the same quality of work in such a compact space When compared to the quiet streets of its street art counterpart in Cambuci And while the kings of Cambuci’s scene are quite obviously OsGemeos Vila Madalena’s streets are the test lab for an overwhelming number of artists creating a constant turnover of artworks and making any territorial hierarchy near impossible certain artists’ trademark styles are easier to recognise for example – a well-known name on the circuit his figurative works with colourful long-nosed characters are visible on several walls throughout the neighbourhood Spot one in front of the entrance to Beco do Aprendiz is actually a paved-over river that runs parallel to Rua Belmiro Braga Those who walk the 80 metres through the alley will spot every colour in the spectrum To find your way into the Beco do Aprendiz head through the basketball court in Praça Aprendiz das Letras (opposite Rua Belmiro Braga 188) or through an alleyway opposite Rua Padre João Gonçalves 107 we see grafiteiro Boleta painting alongside a design by Vitché The artist recently painted the Big Brother Brasil house for media giant O Globo as well as criticism – just one example of graffiti’s paradoxical power in São Paulo then turn left into Rua Medeiros de Albuquerque and left again on Rua Gonçalo Afonso until you hit the so-called Beco do Batman the city’s premiere open-air street art ‘gallery’ winding alleyway but it’s teeming with life – we’re there with students holding an impromptu party hipsters clicking away with their cameras and families in their entireties stopping to gaze at the works of artists like Dask2 whose pencilled white bear cub can be seen being gobbled up by a skull-shaped figure I can tell by the style.’ It’s not Beltrame’s voice this time but that of a ten-year-old kid talking to his parents Cambuci To explore street art that’s more off-the-beaten-path head to the south-eastern residential neighbourhood of Cambuci – the birthplace of two of São Paulo’s most famous street artists with works old and new reflecting the realities of life for its residents Cambuci is best known in the annals of street art as the place where the twin brothers Otávio and Gustavo Pandolfo – OsGemeos (‘the twins’) – were born and grew up It doesn’t take long to see that OsGemeos and their troupe run the show here ‘Graffiti is a very territorial art form,’ explains Beltrame Even if it’s covered in grey paint,’ she says referring to the fate of much of the city’s street art painted over following a clean-up mandate by former São Paulo mayor Gilberto Kassab OsGemeos have been painting in Cambuci since they were kids transforming even the most prominent of spaces like the long wall on Rua dos Lavapés next to the Igreja da Glória church Look out for the serene faces of two wide-eyed children staring out from amongst a background of yellow grapixos – a mixed technique of graffiti and tagging The faces and the grapixos are reflected in a big pool of water which in turn is submerging a valley of trees and mountains depicting one of Cambuci’s most depressing problems – flooding We duck down one of the quiet side streets with the grey clouds overhead threatening rain despite the risk of getting stranded here in Cambuci should the heavens open its head formed by the rooftop engine room of an elevator with the body spanning the façade of the building’s floors below (Rua Clímaco Barbosa 110) on the corner of Rua Clímaco Barbosa and Rua Barão de Jaraguá almost all the streets you’ll find surrounding Rua Barão de Jaraguá feature a selection of either figurative It’s not all about the famous twins in Cambuci The neighbourhood’s spaces also belong to artists like Nunca all important names in the graffiti generation from the last decade Turn right from Rua Barão de Jaraguá onto Rua Cesário Ramalho and you’ll spot pieces by Vitché at the corner of Rua Estéfano and Rua Silveira da Motta you’ll find one of Cambuci’s largest murals featuring creations by all the area’s key grafiteiros with the surprise addition of a work by Onesto well known for his blend of fantasy and humour Back on Barão de Jaraguá we spot more pieces by Nunca and OsGemeos sits one of the most beautiful artworks of the tour – a mural by Vitché in which a fantastical carriage is drawn by a flock of birds As we wend our way back to Largo do Cambuci one of a host of small coloured invaders that the eponymous French artist slyly installed across the city in 2011 (Rua Clímaco Barbosa 19) DowntownIn São Paulo’s historic centre, we set out on a walking tour taking in some of the city’s most important murals alongside the journalist and entrepreneur Felipe Lavignatti, founder of the interactive site Arte Fora do Museu – ‘art outside the museum’ (arteforadomuseu.com.br) – a digital project mapping the city’s cultural treasures We plunge back in time as we come face to face with the largest work ever made by the Brazilian artist Emiliano Di Cavalcanti the Alegoria das Artes (‘Allegory of the Arts’) Completed in 1950 and standing 48 metres tall and eight metres wide covers one part of the façade of the Teatro Cultura Artística still part-clad in scaffolding as the theatre is rebuilt following a devastating fire in 2008 just a few months after Steve Jobs created the first Apple and there’s no way the artist could have possibly imagined us here and now We move on to Rua da Consolação to gaze at another mosaic mural on the façade of the former headquarters of the Estado de S.Paulo portraying the newspaper’s production process back in the day we’re in pole position to see the coloured mural by Japanese-born artist Tomie Ohtake (Rua Coronel Xavier de Toledo 161) past the small blue blocks painted by Bramonte Buffoni on the façade of the Galeria Nova Barão mall (Rua Barão de Itapetininga 37) we stop at an abstract mosaic by one of Brazil’s best-known artists in the entrance hall of the Edifício e Galeria Califórnia (Rua Barão de Itapetininga 255) and we round up our tour with a pop piece by Claudio Tozzi On the upper corner of a high-rise (Avenida Ipiranga 600) you’ll spot a zebra – Claudio Tozzi’s protest against art as a product of mass consumption Emirates flies direct to São Paulo from Dhs6,255 return.www.emirates.com Whether it’s a working lunch or a midweek treat An exceptional café where desserts are as dramatic as they are delicious A hidden jazz bar made specifically for dessert-lovers Lebanese-leaning seafood spot with views of the sea Unexpected spot that serves up the best Vietnamese bowls in the city Subscribe to Time Out Abu Dhabi’s newsletter to get expert Clayton Failla 77 (M); Marcelo Santos 5 pen. After the Żabbar side opened the scoring from the penalty spot early on Failla delivered a set piece cross from corner that enabled Mosta to temporarily draw level beforing delvering another superb corner for Souleymane Kone’s header to put Mosta 3-2 ahead Failla capped an extraordinary evening with a trademark free-kick to earn his side a vital win in their quest to gain a Championship Pool berth Mosta have now leapfrogged Ħamrun Spartans and Gżira United in fifth place on 12 points with just two games to the end of the first round Żabbar St Patrick gave a good account of themselves and broke the deadlock inside the first four minutes Matheus Gomes Santos was judged to have brought down Leonardo Agius inside the area and Marcelo Santo Barros cooly drilled past goalkeeper David Udoh Akpan The goal gave St Patrick the confidence to push forward and moments later Stefan lIic unleashed a diagonal shot that flashed just wide Another sweeping move from the Saints ended with Barros hitting a shot straight at Akpan Souleymane Kone forced a smart save from Matthew Grech Mosta threatened again when Nathan Agius burst past his marker but his shot was hooked off the line by the Żabbar reaguard cutting the ball back to Barros who miscued his shot Mosta hit back with a direct and simple equaliser Clayton Failla floated a long ball from corner into the St Patrick box and Gomes Santos stole in to head the ball into the net Żabbar made another storming start to the second half Prince Afriyie weaved past his marker and smashed his side in front with a superb right-foot strike into the top corner the game was by no means over and the Saints equalised in the 61st minute through a Joao Diogo Tavares’ header after Ilic crossed superbly from the right Mosta went back in front on 70 minutes when Kone rose unopposed to head Failla’s corner home They were awarded a free-kick after Jake Micallef flattened Joshua Agyemang just outside the box and Failla bent his shot beyond the wall and away from Grech’s reach Naxxar Lions and Marsaxlokk played out a goalless draw on Sunday leaving both teams entrenched in the lower half of the Premier League standings after nine games who ended the match with ten men following Pedro Vitor’s second-half red card Asian Football Confederation (AFC) president Sheikh Salman bin Ibrahim Al Khalifa The head of South American football’s governing body CONMEBOL called on FIFA to expand.. 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