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Ana Míria dos Santos Carvalho Carinhanha receives research funding from the Afro-Brazilian non-profit Criola View all partners When Marielle Franco was shot to death in downtown Rio on March 14 Protesters took to the streets in New York pledging to continue Franco’s fight against racism Elected in 2016 after serving 10 years on Rio’s human rights commission Franco was proud to be a black lesbian born in one of the city’s poor neighborhoods She used her power as an elected official – her “collective mandate,” she called it – to hold Rio’s conservative government accountable to its most marginalized residents That seems to be making some powerful people unhappy. On April 9, a Rio city councilman’s aide was also murdered His boss had recently testified to police in Franco’s murder investigation Witnesses say the shooters told 37-year-old Carlos Alexandre Pereira Maria Brazil, where 54 percent of the population is black, has famously portrayed itself as a “racial democracy” – a society so diverse that racism simply cannot exist And when Afro-Brazilians finally gained legal rights in 1888, the government offered no reparations or financial support after 450 years of bondage In the 1910s, eugenics societies cropped up in São Paulo and Rio. Inspired by racist pseudoscience from the United States and Great Britain these groups spurred a national movement to “improve the human race” by cleansing Brazil of “undesirable” blood Black people were top among the Brazilians that eugenicists proposed segregating from society, barring from entering the country or deeming “mentally defective.” Brazil passed its first anti-discrimination policy in 1951 prohibiting businesses from refusing to serve customers based on race Four decades later, in 1989, the black congressman Carlos Alberto de Oliveira pushed through stronger legislation that actually punished discriminatory business practices It also extended legal protections to people based on ethnicity The Brazilian government has since made several more attempts to promote racial equality But racial bias remains potent. A 1988 survey in São Paulo, Brazil’s biggest city, found that 97 percent of respondents said they were not prejudiced But 98 percent of people said they knew someone who was That impossible finding inspired the historian Lilia Moritz Schwarcz to coin the celebrated saying that “All Brazilians see themselves as an island of racial democracy surrounded on all sides by racism.” In 1995, 89 percent of survey respondents said they believed that racial bias existed in Brazil. Only 10 percent admitted that they held racist views. Results were similar in 2009 This is “racismo à brasileira” – racism, Brazil style. Race is still a taboo subject. Nonetheless, as Marielle Franco exposed in her work skin color dramatically impacts safety in Brazil Nationwide, 71 percent of the more than 60,000 people murdered in Brazil in 2017 were black according to the think tank the Brazilian Security Forum Young black men in Rio’s poor favelas are far more likely to be among the hundreds shot each year by law enforcement According to a report by Amnesty International 79 percent of the 1,275 recorded killings by on-duty police officers in Rio between 2010 and 2013 were black So much for “racial democracy.” In purely legal terms, black Brazilians are equal to white Brazilians. But, in real economic, political and criminal justice terms, evidence confirms The predominant debate on class ignores race, gender and other salient factors that impact life in Brazil. It overlooks the fact that the majority of people facing poverty-related problems like gang violence, food insecurity, unemployment limited access to education and homelessness are also black In my experience, Brazil’s strong emphasis on economic mobility also contributes to racism. As in the United States, many Brazilians believe that they live in a meritocracy. When black people struggle, white people may well think they just aren’t working hard enough has done little to promote racial equality On April 6, Temer’s government repealed legislation from the 1990s and 2000s that had recognized and legally protected Afro-Brazilian and indigenous culture and history is how Brazilian structures of oppression remain invisible largely unchallenged and – for white people Marielle Franco talked openly about race, violence and gender. It may be what got her killed Franco’s message of equality has only grown louder Food Research InternationalCitation Excerpt :Lipids and triglycerides have been linked to the generation of key odorants in meat (Liu et al. The preferred methods for analyzing lipid molecular structure include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Klooster High-resolution mass spectrometers are crucial for maintaining mass accuracy in untargeted metabolomics (Luo et al. Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :Using this technique found that PS-NPs exposure disturbed the neuronal proteomics which were contrasts with those in Parkinson diseases (Wang et al. Metabolomics is a trustworthy approach for assessing the biochemical profile which is use in toxicological and ecotoxicological assays (Porto et al. Metabolomic analysis suggested that exposure to PS-MPs and PE-MPs induced alterations of metabolic profiles in larval fish Egyptian Journal of Aquatic ResearchCitation Excerpt :The novel approaches which combine organismal and multi-omics analyses within a concentration–response framework enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms and modes of action of triclosan on non-target organisms (Larras et al. the functional analysis of many toxicants in metabolomics is made possible by the combination of cutting-edge technology and bioinformatics with metabolomics techniques Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :The results indicate that DEHP exposure induced significant changes in spleen metabolites Previous studies have demonstrated that contaminant (air pollution including PM2.5) exposure can induce significant alterations in the metabolome of biological organisms (Gaskins et al. ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :Considering that (at the pH of the study) RX presents a negative charge the effect of ionic strength was evaluated (Fig Electrolytes can change the ligand's affinity for the supramolecular structure (Liang et al. it was intended to evaluate other forces that might influence the interaction process (in addition to van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds) which was observed in the thermodynamic study