Logistics Company DX Xpress Moves Programmable U.S
2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Logistics company DX Xpress used tokenized U.S
dollars to make cross-border payments between Mexico and the United States within seconds and for pennies in cost
working with Custodia Bank and Vantage Bank to introduce programmable U.S
Avits,™ to global supply chains
dollars across borders and through the U.S
banking system using a permissionless blockchain network
we are always in search for technology to accelerate our operations," said Antonio Bazán
"We see the capability to offer integrated
dollar payments through our platform to speed up cash conversion cycles allowing for payments to be initiated via a smart contract at delivery and ultimately paying drivers for a completed route within the hour."
"Vantage works with our customers to plan for their technology-driven banking needs
and in DX Xpress's case that means helping them recruit the best drivers by offering faster
easier methods of paying drivers based on location-tracking technology
We look forward to deepening our business and foreign exchange customer relationships by offering them faster
"We're bringing corporate treasurers the global network effects of permissionless networks by delivering them in a format usable for audited
"Our initial Avit launch last month was domestic only
but these transactions were cross-border and added a suite of legal rights and consumer protections not available with stablecoins issued by non-banks."
Both banks again complied with all applicable U.S
which necessitated designing documentation
policies and procedures that differ from those of current stablecoin issuers
Both banks again worked closely with their respective bank regulators to ensure the success of this first-of-its-kind cross-border use of permissionless tokens within the U.S
The transactions deployed Custodia's patent
dollar bank deposits on smart-contract type permissionless blockchains
Avit™ is a trademark of Custodia Bank
About DX Xpress: DX Xpress is a group of companies dedicated to logistics and trucking of general and specialized cargo in both Mexico and the United States
door-to-door services between both countries using its own equipment and through agreements with the main U.S
Its installed capacity includes up to 960 units in Mexico and 570 units in the United States
positioned at terminals strategically located in both Mexico and the United States
This press release may contain forward-looking statements
including forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
Forward-looking statements describe future expectations
or strategies (including product offerings
regulatory plans and business plans) and may change without notice
You are cautioned that such statements are subject to a multitude of risks and uncertainties that could cause future circumstances
or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements
including the risks that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements
About Vantage: Vantage Bank is prepared for what's possible
We are dedicated to delivering sophisticated
innovative financial solutions while maintaining a strong commitment to the communities we serve
Our suite of powerful digital tools and services rivals those offered by fintechs and similar non-bank financial services companies
We operate within a safe and sound environment—providing peace of mind and the financial security that only a regulated institution can offer
By integrating advanced technology with personalized service
Vantage Bank empowers individuals and businesses to achieve their financial goals while upholding the highest standards of compliance and community engagement
Media Contact:Leslie Komet AusburnKomet Marketing Communications210.326.8992[email protected]
Do not sell or share my personal information:
Custodia Bank has partnered with Texas community bank Vantage to mint
transfer and redeem a deposit token on the Ethereum blockchain
The reason for using quotes around the term “stablecoin” is because deposit tokens on a permissionless blockchain appear similar to stablecoins
but if they are purely backed by deposits and issued by a bank
They’re simply a bank deposit using a different technology
With stablecoin laws progressing through Congress
both the House and Senate versions of the legislation exclude bank-issued tokens backed by deposits
so it was a series of test transactions using Avit tokens (Custodia’s brand) on behalf of a bank customer
Custodia noted the benefits of low transaction costs
Both sets of bank regulators monitored the transactions which featured the compliance requirements you’d expect for banks
they were transferred to the customer wallet and used for B2B transactions outside of the banking system before being redeemed at Custodia Bank for demand deposits
“We broke ground on the legal/regulatory front
banks can collaborate to tokenize demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain in a regulatorily-compliant manner,” said Caitlin Long
“Custodia looks forward to the reversal of U.S
regulatory obstacles that have stymied stablecoin innovation in recent years
so that American consumers can benefit from the substantial network effects and global reach of permissionless blockchain technologies.”
While the Avit tokens used Custodia’s technology
and it used Vantage for Fedwire/ACH services
We’d observe there would be some benefit to Custodia providing the deposit services
Because it has a special charter which requires it to keep one-to-one backing for deposits
There’s nothing wrong with Vantage’s deposits
they function perfectly well 99.999% of the time
But full reserve deposits would be perfect for that 0.001% of the time
And would be attractive to most regulated stablecoin issuers
especially after Circle’s USDC stablecoin de-pegged following the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank
stablecoin issuers might pay for that service or certainly agree to receive reduced interest
But only if the custody bank has direct access to the payment system to support speedy redemptions
Custodia has been battling with the Federal Reserve in order to get direct access to a Master account and payment systems
rather than needing to go indirectly via other banks such as Vantage
One of the Fed’s objections was that without fractional reserve banking
While interest rates are at the current level
Custodia could probably make at least 3% on many billions of deposits from stablecoin issuers
Circle’s USDC has around $7 billion in deposits
although Tether only keeps nominal amounts of cash
Silvergate and Signature banks are unfortunate examples of banks overly exposed to the crypto sector. However, we’d note that following the crypto crash Silvergate conducted a relatively orderly wind down and Signature was a fractional reserve bank
where the reasons for its demise were disputed
Ledger Insights Research has published a report on bank-issued stablecoins and tokenized deposits featuring more than 70 projects. Find out more here
aimed to “preserve capital” and its charter before the White House takes a presumably more crypto-positive tone
Wyoming-based Custodia Bank appears to be laying low until after the Trump team takes office
The board of the digital asset-focused lender voted last week “to further reduce operations and preserve capital in anticipation of major crypto policy reforms from the incoming administration.”
In a statement on its website Nov. 20
Custodia said it’s taking these steps with an eye toward preserving its charter
as well as its application programming interface-based platforms for real-time payments and bitcoin custody
It also wants to safeguard a patent on bank-issued stablecoins
along with Custodia’s “clean compliance and operating record.”
Custodia has spent much of the Biden administration mired in a court fight with the Federal Reserve. The bank applied for a master account with the Fed in October 2020 and had been waiting more than a year and a half for its application to be approved when it sued the central bank
The Fed’s standard form agreement states that application “[p]rocessing may take 5-7 business days,” Custodia argued in its complaint
Custodia took issue with the speed with which the Fed approved BNY’s application to take custody of clients’ crypto assets – accusing the central bank of favoritism toward incumbent banks
A U.S. district court judge in April sided with the Fed
ruling that the central bank does not have to give a master account to every eligible institution
the day after President-elect Donald Trump will be sworn in
Trump told attendees at a crypto conference in July that
the “crypto capital of the planet,” creating a bitcoin “strategic reserve” and a presidential advisory council on how to regulate digital assets
“The rules will be written by people who love your industry
not hate your industry,” Trump told the conference
Coinbase, in particular, has accused the SEC of regulation by enforcement and sued to force the agency to outline its thinking
SEC Chair Gary Gensler announced last week he would resign Jan. 20, a development Custodia CEO Caitlin Long openly cheered on the social media site X
Long said she is "incredibly proud of the Custodia team
the services we're building for our customers
and our resilience in the face of repeated debankings due to no fault of our own.”
Long posted Nov. 7 on X that Custodia had lost its banking partner the previous week – though she did not say which bank that was
She credited “Operation Choke Point 2.0,” a reference to an Obama-era policy that pressured banks to exit relationships in sectors that are legal but with perhaps dicey reputations – arms dealers
Last week’s note wouldn’t be the first step back Custodia has taken this year. It laid off nine of its 36 employees in August
a move Long characterized as “right-sizing so we can maintain operations while preserving capital” during the Fed court battle or “until after Operation Choke Point 2.0 ends.”
“I especially thank Custodia’s customers and shareholders who have helped us continue the fight for durability of banking access for the law-abiding U.S
crypto industry,” Long wrote last week on Custodia’s website
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2025 Custodia and Vantage Bank partner for ‘first bank-issued stablecoin’ Custodia Bank said it partnered with Vantage Bank to tokenize US dollar demand deposits and issue them on Ethereum
News COINTELEGRAPH IN YOUR SOCIAL FEEDThe crypto-friendly Custodia Bank has worked with Vantage Bank to complete what the two firms say is “America’s first-ever bank-issued stablecoin” on a permissionless blockchain
Custodia said on March 25 that it tokenized US dollar demand deposits and facilitated the issuance
transfer and redemption of the stablecoin “Avit” on Ethereum via the ERC-20 token standard
“A new US dollar payment rail has now been activated inside the US banking system,” Custodia added
“We broke ground on the legal/regulatory front
proving that US banks can collaborate to tokenize demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain in a regulatorily-compliant manner,” said Custodia CEO Caitlin Long
Source: Caitlin Long
Vantage Bank CEO and President Jeff Sinnott said the event was a “pivotal moment in reshaping the financial landscape
demonstrating how blockchain and stablecoins can revolutionize payments.”
can only be issued by the Federal Reserve and a few legally authorized entities
She added that Avit is a “real dollar” as it tokenizes a bank’s demand deposit — funds that customers can withdraw on-demand
Custodia has historically championed Bitcoin
and Ethereum advocates were quick to note that the bank chose Ethereum for the stablecoin
“ETH fixed this. Bitcoin couldn’t,” wrote Ethereum advocate Evan Van Ness. Ethereum educator Anthony Sassano also posted to make clear the “permissionless blockchain” Custodia referred to in its announcement
Source: Matthew Sigel
Related: Ethereum poised for record highs in Q1 2025, analysts predict
Ethereum secures over $125.8 billion worth of stablecoins on its network, nearly doubling the second-place Tron blockchain at $64.8 billion
Magazine: Comeback 2025: Is Ethereum poised to catch up with Bitcoin and Solana?
Custodia Bank has partnered with Vantage Bank to launch a stablecoin on a blockchain
The banks created Avit tokens on Ethereum using the ERC-20 standard
including transacting the Avit token outside the banking system and then transferring it to Custodia Bank to redeem into U.S
"We broke ground on the legal/regulatory front
banks can collaborate to tokenize demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain in a regulatorily-compliant manner," Caitlin Long
"Custodia looks forward to the reversal of U.S
so that American consumers can benefit from the substantial network effects and global reach of permissionless blockchain technologies."
"This event marks a pivotal moment in reshaping the financial landscape
demonstrating how blockchain and stablecoins can revolutionize payments," Jeff Sinnot
we're empowering banks to lead responsibly in cross-border modernization
while also leveraging the strength of the U.S
Dollar and demonstrating regulators' support for responsible innovation."
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Noemi Custodia-Lora has been recently named the new vice president of academic affairs and workforce development for The Urban College of Boston
Custodia-Luna received her bachelor’s degree in biology from the University of Puerto Rico before receiving her doctorate in biology from Boston University and then a fellowship program in cancer research at Tufts Medical School
Custodia-Lora began her early career as an associate professor of natural sciences at Haverhill’s Northern Essex Community College
she took a short break before returning to the college as executive director of the Lawrence campus and the school’s community relations
After her postdoctoral fellowship at Tufts University
Custodia Lora remained in teaching and youth-oriented positions as well as in public relations and communications-oriented roles
As the vice president of academic affairs and workforce development
Custodia-Lora will bolster the college’s continuous development with a focus on meeting the educational and extracurricular needs of its student body
she will play an active role in expanding programs geared towards multilingual students; one way she plans to target the needs of individual students is to create a holistic learning environment
Custodia-Lora’s work within workforce development throughout the Commonwealth has reached past the confines of the college
She has been a part of initiatives across the state focused on bolstering education opportunities and work experience for aspiring members of the workforce without a traditional educational background
Her work with the PIES Latinos de NECC program
has supported immigrant professionals by providing them with the resources to validate work credentials
She has also been instrumental in developing an early college program in Haverhill and Lawrence that enables high schoolers to earn college credit while still in school
“Urban College of Boston has a deep history of creating a supportive
and it is an honor to have the opportunity to build upon that legacy,” said Custodia-Lora in a press release
I firmly believe in the institution’s mission of fostering academic achievement and economic mobility for Boston’s diverse communities
I look forward to collaborating with the dedicated faculty to expand opportunities that meet students where they are and prepare them for lifelong success.”
Long argued that the Fed's unchanged policy creates an unfair advantage for major banks seeking to issue private stablecoins
Image includes combined content which may include AI-generated content
Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long accused the US Federal Reserve of quietly maintaining anti-crypto policies that favor large banks while presenting an appearance of regulatory easing
Long criticized the Fed for rescinding several restrictive crypto policies last week while keeping in place a key rule from January 2023 that blocks banks from directly engaging with crypto
She warned that the move would create an unfair advantage for major banks seeking to issue private stablecoins while stifling innovation on private networks
Long argued that although the Fed rolled back four pieces of guidance
it deliberately kept a critical policy intact
The policy prohibits banks from holding cryptocurrencies for their own accounts
even to cover small blockchain transaction fees
It also bars banks from issuing stablecoins on public blockchains like Ethereum (ETH)
private networks typically operated by large financial institutions
“The Fed definitely won on PR spin.”
She added that the central bank’s April 24 announcement listed every piece of guidance it rescinded but made no mention of the rule it left untouched
She further explained that the remaining policy severely limits banks’ ability to offer crypto custody services
banks are unable to pay fluctuating gas fees out of pocket when processing on-chain transactions
a technical barrier that undermines their ability to serve digital asset clients efficiently
Long’s criticism comes amid growing concerns that the Fed is promoting private blockchain solutions controlled by major banks
while slowing the adoption of decentralized
She warned that this strategy could entrench big-bank dominance over emerging stablecoin markets
giving them a head start while other institutions await new federal stablecoin legislation
Meanwhile, Senator Cynthia Lummis recently echoed Long’s concerns and criticized the Fed’s latest rollback as “just lip service.”
Lummis argued that the central bank continues to wield “reputational risk” warnings to restrict banks from engaging with Bitcoin and other digital assets, labeling them “unsafe and unsound.”She vowed to continue holding Fed Chair Jerome Powell accountable
warning that many architects of past crackdowns still influence policy today
Despite President Donald Trump’s administration making efforts toward a broader push for a more crypto-friendly environment
Long and Lummis contend that federal regulators remain resistant to full-scale blockchain innovation
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Custodia Bank is a Wyoming-based financial institution purpose-built to bridge the gap between traditional finance and the digital asset economy
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has issued the first-ever tokenization of a bank's U.S
dollar deposits on a permissionless blockchain
custody and reconciliation with its Avid Management System.
Together they conducted eight regulated test transactions including the mint
transfer and redemption of the Avit tokens with ensured compliance of U.S
the banks said they both worked closely with their respective bank regulators on this project
"We broke ground on the legal [and] regulatory front
banks can collaborate to tokenize demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain in a regulatorily-compliant manner," said Caitlin Long
Long also praised Jeff Sinnott, president and CEO of Vantage
"I'm grateful to the innovative banks that see where the proverbial puck is going
Multiple banks are interested in doing this
Many in traditional banking see where things are going and I salute them for being early
Sinnott called it "a pivotal moment in reshaping the financial landscape" and said the feat shows "how blockchain and stablecoins can revolutionize payments."
dollar and demonstrating regulators' support for responsible innovation," Sinnott said.
Long told American Banker that the accomplishment made stablecoins on par with "real dollars" as classified by the Federal Reserve.
[Christopher] Waller correctly distinguished between 'real dollars' that only banks can issue
and 'synthetic dollars' that non-banks can issue
He put stablecoins in the latter bucket," Long said
that distinction no longer holds because a depository institution – one that even the Fed classifies as a depository institution – has now issued a stablecoin
a stablecoin is just a dollar issued under different technology
These were part of a series of events known within crypto circles as Operation Choke Point 2.0
which they believe is a coordinated effort by regulators to discourage banks from working with cryptocurrencies
The FDIC in 2022 sent 24 pause letters to banks encouraging them to think twice before working with cryptocurrencies
Last month the FDIC released documents relating to the incident
The election of President Donald Trump was welcomed by many in the industry. Trump declared at a bitcoin conference in Nashville over the summer he would make the United States the "crypto capital of the planet" and just two months into his second term, the president has already made strides towards that, including hiring many cryptocurrency oriented staffers
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Custodia Bank and Vantage Bank worked on the mint
and redemption of Avit tokens for a bank customer on the Ethereum mainnet
including transferring by the bank customer to its Avit tokens into self-custody
transacting with its Avit tokens business-to-business outside the banking system
and relocating its Avit tokens back to Custodia Bank for redemption into USD demand deposits
Vantage Bank managed the stablecoin fiat reserves and offered Fedwire/ACH services
Custodia Bank focused on blockchain issuance and redemption services
the two banks complied with all applicable regulatory requirements
different from those of current stablecoin issuers
representatives from Custodia Bank mentioned that
the bank underlined how US financial institutions can collaborate to tokenize demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain in a regulatory-compliant manner
Vantage Bank highlighted that the initiative supports the advancement of the financial landscape while also indicating how blockchain and stablecoins can further optimise payments
Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long on CoinDesk TV's "All About Bitcoin." (CoinDesk TV) What to know: The banks used Custodia's Avit stablecoin for redemption
and programmable payments while maintaining traditional banking safety and oversight.Custodia Bank and Vantage Bank have completed the tokenization of U.S
dollar demand deposits on the Ethereum mainnet
The banks issued and redeemed Custodia's Avit stablecoins on the Ethereum mainnet
marking a major milestone in blockchain-based banking innovation
Vantage Bank handled fiat reserves and traditional banking services (Fedwire/ACH), while Custodia oversaw blockchain functions such as issuance, custody, and reconciliation through its Avit Management System.
Disclaimer: Parts of this article were generated with the assistance from AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy.
James Van Straten is a Senior Analyst at CoinDesk, specializing in Bitcoin and its interplay with the macroeconomic environment. Previously, James worked as a Research Analyst at Saidler & Co., a Swiss hedge fund, where he developed expertise in on-chain analytics. His work focuses on monitoring flows to analyze Bitcoin's role within the broader financial system.
In addition to his professional endeavors, James serves as an advisor to Coinsilium, a UK publicly traded company, where he provides guidance on their Bitcoin treasury strategy. He also holds investments in Bitcoin, MicroStrategy (MSTR), and Semler Scientific (SMLR).
is putting its resources toward an ongoing lawsuit with the Federal Reserve
which denied the lender a master account last year
Digital asset-focused Custodia Bank has laid off some employees amid its current battle with the Federal Reserve for a master account
Founder and CEO Caitlin Long said in an emailed statement to Banking Dive that the bank was “right-sizing so we can maintain operations while preserving capital” during Custodia’s lawsuit against the Fed or “until after Operation Choke Point 2.0 ends,” she said
referring to the alleged ongoing crackdown on digital assets under the Biden administration
Operation Choke Point was the name of an Obama-era effort that “choked off” high-risk industries like payday lending
Custodia notified employees Thursday that nine of its 36 employees were being laid off, Fox Business reported
A person with knowledge of the matter told Banking Dive that Custodia is operating with its hands tied because of the high cost of not having its own Fed master account
and “harassed by Fed regulators behind the scenes,” the person said
Long said in an emailed statement that the digital-asset crackdown “has been devastating for the law-abiding U.S
and Custodia Bank has been hit hard despite our strong risk management and compliance track record.”
Leading Democrats met with members of the crypto industry this month via Zoom in an attempt to repair relations, Fox Business reported Aug
had some sore spots: After Deputy Treasury Secretary Wally Adeyemo told attendees that the government had no coordinated effort to block the crypto world from the traditional financial system
a crypto executive asked for a show of hands of whose companies had been turned down for banking services due to White House policies
Nearly all of the industry representatives raised their hands
A spokesperson for Custodia did not elaborate to Banking Dive on the roles affected by Thursday’s layoffs
While Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan called the recent regulatory shift “classic re-engineering,” one peer exec said the changes “are taking all the oxygen in the room.”
bank's demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain
CHEYENNE, Wyo., March 25, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Custodia Bank, working with Vantage Bank
yesterday completed America's first-ever tokenization of a bank's U.S
dollar demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain by issuing
transferring and redeeming Avit™ stablecoins for a bank customer
dollar payment rail has now been activated inside the U.S
at a time when the global community is increasingly demanding U.S
All parties to the series of test transactions observed several efficiencies
programmability and auditability within a safe
compliant and regulated banking environment
transfer and redemption of Avit tokens for a bank customer on the Ethereum mainnet using the ERC-20 standard
with Vantage Bank managing the stablecoin fiat reserves and providing Fedwire/ACH services
Custodia Bank managed blockchain issuance/redemption services
blockchain transaction monitoring and reconciliation using its Avit Management System
The eight stages included transfers by the bank customer of its Avit tokens into self-custody
and transferring its Avit tokens back to Custodia Bank for redemption into U.S
The banks complied with all applicable U.S
Both banks worked closely with their respective bank regulators to ensure the success of this first-of-its-kind project
demonstrating how blockchain and stablecoins can revolutionize payments
Dollar and demonstrating regulators' support for responsible innovation."
Media Contact: [email protected]
About Vantage Bank: Vantage Bank is prepared for what's possible
2025 Custodia Bank CEO calls out Washington’s debanking ’skullduggery’ Custodia Bank fought to service crypto firms under the previous administration but faced resistance from US regulators
News COINTELEGRAPH IN YOUR SOCIAL FEEDRecent efforts to “debank” crypto firms in the US revealed a “staggering” level of corruption among government officials
“The magnitude of skullduggery that is happening in Washington D.C
is really incredible… and it’s not over yet,” Caitlin Long
In 2023, the US Federal Reserve, which regulates banks, stymied Custodia’s efforts to service crypto firms by denying the bank access to a master account, citing Custodia’s involvement in “crypto-asset-related activities.”
A master account would allow the bank to custody assets directly with the central bank and access payment rails for inter-bank transfers
Custodia took legal action against the Fed in a bid to reverse the decision
Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long speaks at Bitcoin Investor Week
Related: FDIC releases 790 pages of crypto-related letters in regulatory pivot
Industry outrage over alleged debanking reached a crescendo when a June 2024 lawsuit spearheaded by Coinbase resulted in the release of letters showing US banking regulators asked certain financial institutions to “pause” crypto banking activities
has criticized the prior administration’s approach to crypto-friendly banks and vowed to better integrate cryptocurrencies
In a Jan. 23 executive order
Trump told agencies to prioritize “fair and open access to banking services” for digital asset firms
the battle for regulatory clarity isn’t over
it has evolved into a multi-directional fight among different types of stablecoin issuers seeking preferential rules
There is an ongoing “scrum between the big banks… and the incumbent stablecoin issuers
and then there’s Tether,” which is not based in the US
The result has been “this incredible flow of money that has gone from the banks and the crypto industry to people in [Washington] D.C.
and they’re all going to fight,” Long said
“I don’t know how it’s going to come out,” she added
Magazine: Godzilla vs. Kong: SEC faces fierce battle against crypto’s legal firepower
combines fast settlements and transparency in a regulated framework
Custodia Bank and Vantage Bank have issued the first US bank-backed stablecoin, called Avit, on a public blockchain network, according to a March 25 press release
The stablecoin was used in a series of test transactions with a business customer. The pilot included minting, transferring, and redeeming tokens on the Ethereum (ETH) mainnet using the ERC-20 standard
The move marks the first time dollar demand deposits from regulated banks have been tokenized on Ethereum
The series of eight test transactions demonstrated a fully compliant process for minting
and redeeming stablecoins on a permissionless blockchain
Avit tokens were created using the widely adopted ERC-20 standard
and the pilot involved real-world business-to-business transfers and redemptions into fiat US dollars
The move represents a breakthrough in blending blockchain technology with the US banking system at a time of rising global demand for digital dollar payments
and reconciliation of the tokens using its proprietary Avit Management System
held the fiat reserves backing the tokens and facilitated traditional settlement services via Fedwire and ACH
The test involved a bank customer transferring Avit tokens into self-custody
transacting with third parties outside the banking system
and redeeming them back into dollar deposits
Unlike existing stablecoins that often operate outside the traditional banking perimeter
the Avit pilot was conducted entirely within a regulated banking environment
Both banks ensured compliance with Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)
and Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) rules
This required the development of tailored documentation
and procedures that meet federal banking standards — establishing a potential blueprint for other institutions
Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long said:
“We broke ground on the legal and regulatory front
proving that US banks can collaborate to tokenize demand deposits on a permissionless blockchain in a regulatorily compliant manner.”
the pilot revealed the potential of blockchain-based stablecoins to modernize US dollar payments while retaining the safeguards of the banking system
Vantage Bank CEO Jeff Sinnott called the milestone “a pivotal moment in reshaping the financial landscape,” noting it demonstrates how banks can lead in cross-border payment innovation while reinforcing trust in the American dollar
The transactions also marked the first use of Custodia’s US patent (No
for the tokenization of bank deposits on permissionless blockchains
The banks intend for this pilot to serve as a foundation for future real-time
programmable payment infrastructure anchored in the regulatory rigor of U.S
policymakers continue debating the role of stablecoins in the broader economy
the Avit launch may signal a path forward for dollar digitalization that aligns innovation with oversight
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The Bank Policy Institute, the American Bankers Association, the Consumer Bankers Association and the Independent Community Bankers of America all filed motions in support of the Fed in its ongoing legal battle with Custodia Bank
"Both as a matter of law and sound public policy
reserve banks have discretion to grant or deny a master account
This discretion is no accident," wrote BPI and The Clearing House
"It reflects Congress's recognition that master account holders receive several important privileges and … can serve as a risk transmission channel to the Reserve Banks and other participants in the payment system."
Earlier this year, a U.S. district court judge ruled against Custodia in its lawsuit against the Federal Reserve Board in Washington and the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
The firm argued that it was unduly denied a so-called master account
which serves as a single point of access to the Fed's various payments rails and other financial services
Custodia is now challenging that ruling in the U.S
Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit arguing that the lower court erred in upholding the Kansas City Fed's decision to deny Custodia a master account.
the case has been fully briefed by both sides and their supporting filers
but oral arguments are expected to be delivered sometime before the end of the year
Fundamentally, Custodia claims the district court misinterpreted the Monetary Control Act of 1980
which Custodia says guarantees a master account access to all banks
regardless of whether they are chartered at the state or national level
unambiguous decision to rescind [the Fed's] discretion in the MCA and make certain covered services mandatory," Custodia wrote
and commentators all agreed at the time — and in the subsequent three decades — that the MCA's equal access mandate was broad
applying to all eligible depository institutions."
Politics and policy Custodia to appeal ruling in Fed lawsuit April 26
2024 3:47 PM But banking groups see the matter differently
While the trades avoided commenting on Custodia's master account bid directly
they argued that it was important for the Fed to safeguard its systems against risks and endorsed the Fed's three-tiered system for assessing applications — the framework gives federally supervised and insured depositories the easiest path to approval
while applying the most scrutiny to state-chartered institutions without insurance.
"Federally insured and regulated banks … are subject to a streamlined application process because the comprehensive
and in some cases continuous federal regulation and oversight to which they are subject gives the Fed assurance that they will not compromise the safety or integrity of the federal banking system," the ABA
"But with novel institutions like Custodia
and its Reserve Banks must therefore be able to carefully scrutinize such institutions' business models
before effectively giving them the keys to the palace that is our banking system."
Even the digital bank's home state banking group
It praised the "vast overlapping web of federal laws
and oversight by federal prudential regulators" as necessary safeguards for the country's banking system
The trade group argued that reserve banks have "statutory discretion" over master account access and aren't obligated to "automatically and unconditionally grant such access" to all chartered depositories
"The statutes in question here are unambiguous and preserve this discretion
and the integrity and soundness of the federal banking system's payment services would be compromised and undermined if Custodia's arguments are accepted," the WBA wrote
Much of Custodia's argument hinges on a single word: "shall." A provision of the Monetary Control Act — a law aimed at bolstering the Fed's ability to transmit its monetary policy — states that Fed services "shall be available to nonmember depository institutions." The bank interprets that statute as guaranteeing all banks
including those that are not members of the Federal Reserve System
Custodia's view is backed by digital asset groups
the Global Blockchain Business Council and the Blockchain Association
Also weighing in on Custodia's behalf were the libertarian advocacy group Americans for Prosperity Foundation and several Republicans on the Senate Banking Committee and House Financial Services Committee
Custodia's supporters include some strange political bedfellows
including former Obama solicitor general Don Verrilli — who called the Fed's actions related to Custodia "an ill-conceived form of protectionism" — and former George W
who said the lower court's decision amounted to a "grant of unlimited discretion" to the Kansas City Fed
Verrilli authored a brief on behalf of Blockchain Association. Clement — who served as chief litigator for Loper Bright Enterprises in its Supreme Court victory against the U.S. Department of Commerce, ushering in the end of Chevron deference — filed on behalf of the Digital Chamber and Global Blockchain Business Council
the two attorneys served on opposing sides in litigation involving the Affordable Care Act
The state of Wyoming also filed a brief defending its Special Purpose Depository Institution
The charter is aimed at providing a limited banking license to banks dealing with cryptocurrencies
It prohibits holders from issuing loans and requires them to maintain 100% backing of customer deposits
The Fed's denial of Custodia's application called into question the state's ability to oversee risks as effectively as federal banking regulators
"The state has established a detailed and extensive process that ensures the SPDI banks are well-regulated with built-in oversight processes," the state's attorneys wrote
Speaking to Rob Nelson on TheStreet Roundtable
Long said the current lack of regulatory and accounting treatment is keeping institutional capital on the sidelines
“The vast majority of crypto trading pairs have a U.S
dollar token on one side,” she explained
“It tends to be either Tether or USDC
But where it might change is institutional markets.”
stablecoins are “accounted for… as a general intangible,” she said
“not accounted for as a cash equivalent
There’s a huge difference.” That discrepancy
is what’s kept hedge funds and banks from entering the space — despite their appetite for exposure
she believes traditional finance will move fast
come into this market in a very big way,” she said
“We’re going to start to truly marry these two systems which have stayed very separate for years.”
Long says there will still be creative ways to generate yield
“The stablecoin itself won’t pay interest,” she noted
“but the credit structure that you invest in might.”
“The first party to go through and get all of that done is going to be blazing the trail,” she said
“Lord knows Custodia has been a trailblazer
We’ve got the arrows in our back to show for it.”
Long believes the market is finally ready: “We survived
We can take that business plan from five years ago… and start to apply it now that the ice is thawing.”
U.S. lawmakers push forward on stablecoin regulation with new House BillOn Mar. 27, lawmakers in the U.S. House of Representatives officially released their version of long-awaited stablecoin legislation
marking a major step forward in crypto policy
French Hill — leaders of the House Financial Services Committee’s digital assets efforts — aims to define how dollar-pegged stablecoins can be issued and regulated
Hill described the newly titled “STABLE Act” as a continuation of the House's digital asset agenda
while Steil emphasized that the bill “closes the gap” with a similar measure already advanced in the Senate
The Senate’s version of the stablecoin bill passed out of committee with bipartisan support and is now headed for a full floor vote.
Crypto bank Custodia’s fight with the Kansas City Federal Reserve for access to key banking services endangers the whole US banking system
That’s according to a brief filed with the court on Wednesday by the nation’s 11 other Federal Reserve banks as part of Custodia’s appeals case
The ability to bar risky banks from access to the Fed’s system “is a fundamental and universal risk-management tool inherent in banking,” according to the brief
“Custodia’s position finds no support in law or logic
the regional banks fear that if Custodia wins its case
the Federal Reserve will be forced to grant access to all banks — no matter how shaky
These are banks that could facilitate money laundering
experience a lot of downtime in their systems
Bank trade associations filed their own briefs in support of the central banks’ letter
Custodia founder and CEO Caitlin Long told DL News it was “no surprise” that established banks are throwing their weight behind the Fed
woman-owned bank in Wyoming operating in the same businesses you claim are so risky
while big banks are simultaneously piling into them?’
It confirms “our observations that both protectionist practices and regulatory capture exist in the banking industry,” Long said
“Big banks recently sought and received non-objection from the Fed to enter Custodia’s line of businesses
so I have a question for the bankers’ trade groups and the Fed: What is so scary to you about a small
while big banks are simultaneously piling into them?”
Long’s fight highlights the crypto industry’s complaints that the US regulatory establishment has shut them out of essential banking services
Some even label it a conspiracy and compare it to Operation Choke Point
which was used during the Obama administration to cut off banking services to industries like gun manufacturers and porn providers
Long founded Custodia to fill this gap in crypto banking
The firm attained a licence to custody crypto in 2020 under Wyoming’s industry-friendly laws
Custodia then applied to its regional central bank
The Kansas City Fed is one of 12 regional banks that function as the operating arm of the Federal Reserve
They’re effectively banker’s banks, supplying America’s 4,500 small banks with access to Fed liquidity and payments systems
A master account grants access to these services
After waiting in vain for a master account
Custodia sued the Kansas City Fed in 2023 on the basis that as a depository institution
it was required to grant it a master account
The bank argued the opposite — while it can grant master account access to depository institutions
The Federal Reserve later said Custodia had deficiencies in its risk management practices
a narrow and volatile sector of the economy
Custodia lost its case and appealed in April
Custodia has some powerful allies. Two former solicitors general have filed briefs in support
echoing arguments that the situation amounts to a “Choke Point 2.0.″
Meanwhile, Custodia’s court battle has cost the business, as it has had to lay off nine of its 36 employees
Custodia is “operating with two hands tied behind our bank,” Long told DL News recently
“We’ve been hamstrung by what the Fed did to us.”
This story has been updated to include Long’s comments to DL News
Joanna Wright writes about policy and regulation. Reach out to her at joanna@dlnews.com
Long said “Operation Chokepoint 2.0,” a program perceived as the Biden administration’s regulatory crackdown on the crypto industry by the community
“has been devastating” for law-abiding US crypto businesses like Custodia Bank
Despite Custodia’s strong track record in risk management and compliance
the bank has been struggling to overcome these regulatory challenges
Custodia is currently engaged in a legal battle with the Federal Reserve (Fed) related to its application for a master account
which is essential for accessing the Fed’s payment systems
as it must rely on other banks with such access
“We are right-sizing so we can maintain operations while preserving capital until after Operation Choke Point 2.0 ends or our Fed lawsuit concludes successfully,” Long explained
The cuts come as the broader banking sector remains wary of engaging with crypto firms
influenced by federal warnings about the risks associated with digital assets
two of its partner institutions have ended relationships with the bank due to its association with crypto
The term “Choke Point 2.0” is often described as a renewed effort by a number of US regulatory bodies
including the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)
to restrict access to banking services for the crypto industry
The initiative is believed to have effectively discouraged these firms from operating within the traditional financial system
was previously vocal about the implications of Operation Choke Point 2.0
particularly in light of the Fed’s recent actions against Customers Bank
He also warned that the regulatory environment for crypto could become even more stringent if Vice President Kamala Harris wins the presidency
Today, the Fed confirmed that Operation Choke Point 2.0 remains in full swing, provided valuable insight into how it works, and verified that the Harris crypto "reset" is a scam. The Fed revealed all of this in a 13-page enforcement action it issued this morning against… pic.twitter.com/zhLRRWAH0E
— Tyler Winklevoss (@tyler) August 9, 2024
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The Federal Reserve and one of its regional banks are attempting to seal off the banking system from cryptocurrencies in the absence of a federal framework to regulate digital assets
counsel for a crypto-focused bank told a federal appeals court
The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City justified rejecting Custodia Bank’s application for a Fed master account by outlining its concerns about the bank’s risk profile and novel bank charters more broadly
But the real reason for denying Custodia access to the Fed’s payment system is a “frustration” at the lack of a federal regulatory regime for crypto
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In Federal appellate practice, an amicus curiae (“friend of the court”) brief allows non-parties to provide the court with additional perspectives
or entities with a strong interest in the case
and ensure the court understands potential impacts beyond just the parties to the case
Among the briefs filed in the Custodia case
all of which are powerful and explore different aspects of the case
the one submitted by former Solicitor General Paul Clement stands out due to its comprehensive argument on the constitutionality of the Federal Reserve’s actions
This article presents a high level summary and analysis of each of these briefs
examining how each addresses the core issues at stake
starting with a more detailed focus on Clement’s brief for The Digital Chamber
The Clement amicus brief in support of Custodia lays out a robust constitutional argument, primarily focusing on the Appointments Clause. This clause, found in Article II, Section 2 of the U.S
empowers the President to appoint officers of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate
The upshot is that Federal Reserve Bank presidents are not appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate and removable by the President (as principal officers must be)
or the head of an executive department and removable by the President or a principal officer (as inferior officers must be).2
Clement asserts that the Federal Reserve’s board members
are not properly appointed under the Appointments Clause
This lack of adherence to constitutional procedures undermines the legitimacy of their actions
specifically including the denial of Custodia’s master account application
By bypassing the constitutionally mandated process
the Federal Reserve operates with a degree of autonomy that the framers of the constitution did not intend
The brief underscores the idea that significant executive powers vested in individuals who are not appointed in accordance with the Appointments Clause are fundamentally unconstitutional
This argument is particularly compelling with respect to Custodia because it directly challenges the very structure and legitimacy of the Federal Reserve’s decision-making process
bypassing the argument of whether or not granting a Master Account is discretionary
Another significant aspect of Clement’s brief is the emphasis on judicial review
Clement argues that the actions of the Federal Reserve should be subject to strict judicial scrutiny to ensure they comply with constitutional and statutory mandates
Noting that the District Court’s opinion would render the Federal Reserve’s actions unreviewable
he points out that the judiciary has a crucial role in curbing administrative overreach
aligning with the recent Supreme Court decision overturning Chevron deference
The Chevron doctrine, established in Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
required courts to defer to agency interpretations of ambiguous statutes
Clement’s brief references the Supreme Court’s recent move to overturn this doctrine
emphasizing that courts must independently interpret statutes rather than deferring to agencies
This shift reinforces the need for judicial oversight of the Federal Reserve’s actions
ensuring they do not exceed their statutory and constitutional authority
Clement underscores the necessity of having an independent judiciary that can review and
overturn decisions made by federal agencies that overstep their boundaries
This argument is crucial because it reinforces the checks and balances designed to prevent any single branch of government from exercising unchecked power
Clement’s arguments extend beyond constitutional principles to the practical implications for the dual banking system
He argues that the Federal Reserve’s discretionary power to deny master accounts to state-chartered institutions like Custodia undermines the balance between federal and state regulatory systems
This imbalance threatens the innovation and diversity that the dual banking system aims to promote
highlighting the origins of the dual banking system going back to the Civil War
and its role in fostering financial innovation
By granting undue power to the Federal Reserve
the current system deviates from this historical precedent
centralizing authority in a way that stifles competition and state-level regulatory experimentation
The dual banking system was designed to create a healthy balance between federal oversight and state innovation
Clement argues that the Federal Reserve’s current practices disrupt this balance
leading to a more centralized and less dynamic banking system
This disruption not only affects state sovereignty but also limits the potential for financial innovation and diversity
Clement’s brief builds a case on constitutional grounds
arguing that the Federal Reserve’s actions violate several key principles enshrined in the U.S
and the necessity for judicial review to prevent administrative overreach
Clement emphasizes that the separation of powers is a fundamental principle that ensures no single branch of government can wield unchecked power
By allowing unelected officials at the Federal Reserve to make significant regulatory decisions without pr oper oversight
The brief points out that the separation of powers was designed to prevent the concentration of power and to protect individual liberties by ensuring that legislative
Clement argues that the Federal Reserve’s actions blur these boundaries
granting quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial powers to an executive agency
Clement’s arguments have broader implications for how constitutional principles are applied in the context of modern administrative agencies
He suggests that the issues raised in Custodia’s case are not isolated but indicative of a larger trend where federal agencies increasingly operate with autonomy that challenges constitutional limits
By bringing these arguments to the forefront
Clement’s brief builds on his victory against Chevron in Loper Bright and invites the courts to again reconsider the extent of administrative agency powers and reinforce the constitutional boundaries that must govern their actions
This approach not only addresses the specific issues faced by Custodia Bank
but also aims to further cement precedent for future cases involving federal regulatory agencies
the critical importance of master accounts to state-chartered banks and the serious constitutional questions that the decision below raises make this case a paradigm example of the circumstances in which constitutional-avoidance principles should control
Allowing the decision below to stand will enable politically unaccountable federal officials to exercise broad discretion to place massive and unwarranted obstacles in the path of state-chartered financial institutions
upending the traditional balance between federal and state banking regulators and affording Federal Reserve Bank presidents expansive power without meaningful political or judicial oversight
The Blockchain Association’s amicus brief was filed by Donald Verrilli
who served as President Obama’s Solicitor General
It brings a tech and innovation heavy perspective
championing the cause of financial innovation and digital assets
its application was caught in the current of federal regulators’ aggressive
coordinated efforts to “debank” the digital asset industry
federal regulators began rolling back prior guidance that had permitted depository institutions to provide digital asset services
Verrilli’s brief centers on the critical role of innovation in the financial sector
It contends that the Federal Reserve’s denial of Custodia’s master account application stifles technological advancements and limits the potential for financial inclusion
The brief underscores that innovation is not just a buzzword but a necessary evolution for a dynamic financial ecosystem
The brief highlights the burgeoning field of digital assets and fintech
emphasizing that these assets are now deeply embedded in our financial system
and institutions like Custodia are at the forefront of this revolution
It argues that by denying Custodia access to Federal Reserve services
the Federal Reserve is intentionally hampering the growth of these cutting-edge financial technologies
The brief advocates for an inclusive financial system that supports digital asset integration
ultimately benefiting consumers and the broader economy
A cornerstone of the brief is the argument for non-discriminatory access to Federal Reserve services
It posits that all depository institutions
regardless of their focus on digital assets
should have equal access to the essential services provided by the Federal Reserve
This access is crucial for fostering a level playing field where innovation can flourish without regulatory bias
Despite the digital asset industry’s pressing need for banking services
coordinated campaign to debank the industry
That effort is central to a complaint recently filed against FDIC by an affiliate of Coinbase
and is widely acknowledged in the financial sector.5
Wyoming’s Attorney General steps into the ring with a staunch defense of the state’s regulatory prowess
This brief is a clarion call for recognizing and respecting the meticulous framework Wyoming has established for Special Purpose Depository Institutions (SPDIs)
The Attorney General’s brief is grounded in the defense of state sovereignty
It argues that the Federal Reserve’s denial of Custodia’s master account application undermines the authority and innovation fostered by Wyoming’s robust regulatory framework
The brief emphasizes that states have the right to regulate financial institutions within their borders and that this sovereignty is crucial for financial innovation
The brief examines the specifics of Wyoming’s regulations for SPDIs
It argues that Wyoming’s framework provides robust oversight and consumer protections that should be recognized and respected by federal authorities
the Wyoming Attorney General accuses the Federal Reserve of dismissing the effectiveness of state-level regulation
A disregard of Wyoming’s right to charter depository institutions in the two tier banking system appears to be the motivation for this disparate treatment of Wyoming-chartered banks
the Appellees appear to have arbitrarily created a distinction between federally regulated and non-federally regulated banks.6
Wyoming has positioned itself as a leader in financial innovation
The brief argues that the Federal Reserve’s actions stifle this innovation
hindering the development of new financial products and services that could benefit consumers and the economy
It underscores the importance of allowing states to experiment with and implement innovative regulatory approaches
The Attorney General’s brief criticizes the Federal Reserve for deviating from its historical practice of granting master accounts to a wide range of depository institutions
It argues that such inconsistency undermines the predictability and stability of the financial system
the Federal Reserve can ensure a stable and predictable regulatory environment
the Federal Reserve has violated a longstanding principle of equality between federally-chartered and state-chartered banks
The brief argues that such overreach not only disrupts state-led innovation but also sets a dangerous precedent for the centralization of financial regulatory power
This has created a Kafkaesque situation where a SPDI Bank is denied a master account because it is not federally regulated
even while it is also denied federal regulation
This situation frustrates Wyoming’s regulatory scheme and its right to charter state banks.7
The amicus brief from the Americans For Prosperity (AFP) Foundation emerges as a powerful advocate for non-discriminatory access and regulatory accountability
and covers many areas also touched on by other amici
It emphasizes the critical need for the Federal Reserve to operate within clear statutory mandates
ensuring fairness and equality in the financial system
The AFP brief argues that the Federal Reserve’s denial of Custodia’s master account application blatantly violates 12 U.S.C
which mandates equal access to Federal Reserve services for all depository institutions
the Federal Reserve is accused of engaging in discriminatory practices that undermine the statute’s intent
AFP underscores that statutory mandates must be followed to maintain fairness and integrity within the financial system
For the dual banking system to function as Congress intended
State-chartered banks must be able to access the Federal Reserve’s services—and receive a master account—as a matter of right and on equal terms with federally chartered banks.8
A significant thrust of the AFP brief is its focus on the Administrative Procedure Act (APA)
It argues that the Federal Reserve’s actions are arbitrary and capricious
The brief highlights the importance of the APA in ensuring that federal agencies operate transparently and within the bounds of their authority
the Federal Reserve’s decision-making process is called into question
AFP strongly advocates for robust judicial review to keep federal agencies in check
The brief posits that judicial oversight is essential to prevent federal overreach and ensure that regulatory bodies like the Federal Reserve adhere strictly to statutory and procedural requirements
This stance aligns with the recent judicial trend towards curbing administrative overreach
ensuring that agencies do not operate beyond their legally defined limits
The AFP brief emphasizes the need for transparency and accountability in federal regulatory actions
It argues that the Federal Reserve must be held accountable for its decisions
which should be subject to public scrutiny and judicial review
This approach ensures that regulatory practices are not only fair and equitable but also visible and accountable to the public and other stakeholders
and stands out with a sharp focus on statutory overreach and the need for regulatory consistency
This brief argues that the Federal Reserve’s actions threaten the balance and predictability necessary for a stable financial system
The Congressional brief argues that the Federal Reserve has overstepped its statutory authority by denying Custodia’s master account application
It contends that the denial not only violates the clear mandates of 12 U.S.C
§ 248a but also represents a broader trend of federal agencies exceeding their legal boundaries
The brief meticulously outlines how the Federal Reserve’s actions contradict the statute’s intent to ensure non-discriminatory access to Federal Reserve services for all depository institutions
It also addresses the broader implications of the Federal Reserve’s actions on financial stability and innovation
By denying access to state-chartered institutions like Custodia
the Federal Reserve stifles competition and innovation within the financial sector
The brief argues that maintaining a consistent and predictable regulatory environment is crucial for fostering innovation and ensuring the stability of the financial system
Despite original concerns by some that the MCA would destroy our dual banking system
application of the law over the past 44 years has proven that those fears were unfounded because the dual banking system remains alive and well today
Should the District Court’s decision be affirmed
it would serve as a quasi-legislative paradigm shift that would subvert the states’ role within our dual-banking system.9
The amicus brief from the Wyoming Secretary of State10 takes a direct approach
arguing that the District Court’s opinion opens the door for the Federal Reserve to erode state sovereignty and dismantle the dual banking system without Congressional approval
Wyoming’s Secretary of State shines a spotlight on the Federal Reserve’s encroachment upon state regulatory authority
By denying Custodia’s master account application
the Federal Reserve is not only undermining Wyoming’s innovative financial framework but also violating Federal statutes designed to balance Federal action with state sovereignty
At the heart of the brief is the interpretation of 12 U.S.C
a statute mandating that all Federal Reserve services be available to depository institutions
which necessarily includes those chartered by states
The Wyoming Secretary of State argues that the Federal Reserve’s attempt to use a discretionary standard to deny Custodia’s application directly contravenes the plain language and intent of this statute
The brief then discusses the dual banking system’s significance
emphasizing its role in promoting financial innovation and diversity
the Federal Reserve threatens the delicate balance that allows both federal and state regulators to coexist and thrive
This balance is essential for fostering a robust financial system where innovation can flourish without undue federal interference
Wyoming’s pioneering approach to business and financial regulation
as the birthplace of Limited Liability Companies (LLCs) and now Special Purpose Depository Institutions (SPDIs)
is highlighted as a model of state-led innovation
limiting the potential for new financial products and services that could benefit consumers and the broader economy
Can the Federal Reserve say with a straight face that a 772-page bank examination manual for SPDIs is really a “race to the bottom,” especially while the Federal Reserve itself allows such activities to take place in other banks today without adopting any standards for banks at all?11
Former Senator Pat Toomey’s amicus brief takes a firm stand on the necessity of transparency and legislative oversight
Senator Toomey has submitted a neutral brief
highlight the urgent need for clear guidelines and public accountability in the exercise of the Federal Reserve’s powers
the 2023 NDAA Amendment does not—and was not intended to—grant or opine on any substantive rights of the Board
The Amendment was drafted in response to the Board’s
refusal to address repeated Senate inquiries into the handling of Reserve Trust’s master account application.12
Senator Toomey’s brief underscores the critical importance of transparency in federal regulatory actions
It argues that the Federal Reserve must operate with clear
publicly accessible guidelines to ensure that its decisions are fair
Noting that the Federal Reserve has a historical problem with transparency
it emphasizes that without more transparency
undermining public trust and the integrity of the financial system
The Senate Banking Committee witnessed the lack of transparency in the master account approval process first-hand in January 2022 during the Senate vetting and confirmation process for a presidential appointee nominated to serve as vice-chair for banking supervision at the Board.13
Toomey’s brief places significant weight on the legislative framework governing the Federal Reserve’s actions
It discusses recent amendments and legislative changes
stressing that any major regulatory decisions must be explicitly authorized by Congress
This focus aligns with recent judicial moves to curb administrative overreach
reinforcing the need for regulatory bodies to operate within clearly defined legislative boundaries
The brief then goes into the legislative intent behind key statutes
arguing that the Federal Reserve’s nontransparent denial of Custodia’s master account application deviates from the principles those laws were passed to specifically address
Toomey asserts that the Federal Reserve must respect the boundaries set by Congress
ensuring that its actions reflect legislative intent rather than unchecked administrative discretion
Senator Toomey’s brief argues for enhanced legislative oversight of federal regulatory bodies
By reinforcing the role of Congress in setting and overseeing regulatory policies
the brief seeks to ensure that federal agencies remain accountable to the public and their elected representatives
This approach is intended to safeguard against arbitrary regulatory decisions and promote a more accountable regulatory environment
The various amicus briefs submitted in Custodia’s appeal present myriad arguments against the Federal Reserve’s actions
ranging from constitutional arguments to statutory interpretation and the broader implications for financial innovation
unreviewable Federal Reserve system is neither supported by the Constitution
nor a healthy and desirable outcome for our country
the arguments presented in these briefs will play a crucial role in shaping the future of financial regulation and state sovereignty in the United States
1 Amicus briefs supporting the Federal Reserve may be filed up to seven days after their reply brief is filed
10 Full disclosure: the author of this article is also the author of the Wyoming Secretary of State’s amicus brief
Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Magazine
Bitcoin Magazine is the oldest and most established source of trustworthy news
information and thought leadership on Bitcoin
The Disney+ original series created in collaboration with Fremantle backed producer
Adolfo) is written and created by Juanjo Moscardó Rius
Disney+ has released the trailer for new original Spanish series Shared Custody
the comedy-drama that marks Champions maker Javier Fesser’s first directing role in TV
streaming January 24 exclusively on Disney+ globally
who created the Goya-nominated A Shitty Therapy
Shared Custody is an 8-episode dramatic comedy unraveling the fallout of separation between two parents Cris and Diego
and an examination of this increasingly common dynamic in the modern world
and friendly adults for the sake of their five-year-old daughter
but neither of them can afford to live alone and take care of her
so both are forced to move back to their respective parents’ houses
The grandparents are excited that their children and granddaughter are back in their lives
What began as an amicable separation soon takes a turn when they run into harsh reality
The leading couple is played by Lorena López (Past Lies) and Ricard Farré (Good Manners)
The cast is completed by Adriana Ozores (Los pequeños amores
Fernando Sansegundo (Historias lamentables)
The creators are screenwriters Juanjo Moscardó Rius (A shitty therapy
Amor en polvo) and María Mínguez (Vivir Dos Veces
winner of the Goya for best director for Camino
directs the series in the first work he does not write directly
Fesser is responsible for some of the highest-grossing and most renowned comedies in Spanish cinema such as Campeones
La gran aventura de Mortadelo y Filemón or El milagro de P
In addition to winning two Goya Awards for his films Camino and Mortadelo y Filemón contra Jimmy el Cachondo
he was nominated for an Oscar for his short film Binta y la Gran Idea
two Gaudí Awards and a Special Mention at the Locarno Film Festival and a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Malaga Film Festival in 2020
Speaking to Coinage in a recent interview
Long shared her view on the SEC's recent approval of options on the BlackRock Bitcoin ETF
and used it as a prime example of a phenomenon she’s been warning about for years: The entry of Wall Street into the crypto space comes with both opportunity and danger
“It’s a double-edged sword,” Long said
referencing the typical leverage games that Wall Street is so adept at playing
“They privatize profits and socialize losses.” It’s a dynamic that anyone familiar with traditional finance knows all too well
and it’s one that has reared its head time and time again
whether in traditional equity markets or the now-infamous crypto exchange collapses like FTX
The approval of options on the BlackRock ETF opens up a new dimension of financial engineering that could easily introduce leverage into Bitcoin’s price in ways we haven’t seen before
And then an option on an ETF is a derivative on a derivative.” It’s a classic case of stacking financial products on top of each other until the structure becomes dangerously fragile
The issue with such layered financial products is that they can create feedback loops between the derivative price and the underlying spot price
“There’s a lot of leverage on the derivative itself
and there’s even more coming now with options,” she continued
One of the key factors driving this dynamic is the speed at which ETF products now need to interact with the underlying market infrastructure. Caitlin pointed to an amendment to the BlackRock ETF that has forced Coinbase into 12-hour turnaround times for delivering Bitcoin. “Coinbase is being forced by Wall Street dynamics into a different dynamic than the underlying spot market had developed for Coinbase,” she said.
This shift toward faster turnaround times means that more trading activity is happening off-chain, which creates a host of new issues. “It just creates problems,” she explained. “This gets back to the whole discussion of intermediaries proving their reserves to show they are one-for-one backed.”
For now, Caitlin and others in the space are watching closely to see how the dynamics of the ETF and options markets play out. Whether the addition of these new products will bring stability and liquidity or trigger a new wave of volatility remains an open question. But one thing is clear: as Wall Street deepens its involvement in Bitcoin, the stakes are getting higher.
By CoinageCoinage is the first community-owned media outlet telling the story of crypto
Custodia Bank founder Caitlin Long hopes a new lawsuit would unearth more details on debanking under former President Joe Biden’s regime
The Trump Organization has sued Capital One Bank for allegedly closing over 300 bank accounts in 2021 “without cause” as tech bigwigs and crypto leaders lamented the debanking crisis during previous administrations
Today, the Trump Organization filed a lawsuit in Miami-Dade County against @CapitalOne to hold the bank accountable for their egregious conduct in unjustifiably terminating over 300 of the company’s bank accounts without cause
Long’s Custodia Bank and other top crypto voices
like Castle Island Ventures partner Nic Carter
have often pointed to Operation Choke Point 2.0
a coordinated clandestine effort by regulators like the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to block digital asset companies from banking services
Silicon Valley businesses decried similar circumstances
attributing the pattern to political targeting and a war against certain tech-heavy firms
“The actions taken by Capital One and other major financial institutions represent a dangerous precedent that could threaten the operations of countless businesses across the nation
particularly those with a strong and independent voice.”
The Trump Org lawsuit comes when tech entrepreneurs and crypto top shots have sought answers about debanking. Lawmakers have held at least one hearing on the matter, and Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell pledged to aid the anti-debanking effort
Republican Senator Cynthia Lummis from Wyoming threatened federal prosecution against FDIC staffers
reportedly destroying evidence related to OCP 2.0 and debanking
While the Capital One lawsuit doesn’t seem directly crypto-linked
Long believes the move may shed light on a broader malpractice from U.S
crypto debanking enquiries have focused on institutions regulated by the FDIC and the Fed
The Trump Org lawsuit could widen the scope to include potential bad faith oversight from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Long argued on X in response to the Capital One complaint
according to Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long
In a Roundtable discussion with TheStreet’s Rob Nelson
Long pointed out that for the first time in a long while
Bitcoin is trading more like gold than a tech stock
“Bitcoin’s correlation is higher with gold in the last two days than it is with the Nasdaq,” she said
Bitcoin traded like a high vol Nasdaq stock and gold was quietly marching up and had outperformed Bitcoin year to date.”
The shift comes amid broader market volatility
Stocks dropped sharply while bonds rallied — a decoupling that Long said we haven’t seen since COVID-era disruptions
She traced the cause to deliberate actions from U.S
“The Treasury Department wanted exactly this
They aren’t as focused on the stock market as they are focused on getting interest rates down… to heal the banking system
to create more refi opportunities in the mortgage market
government with this wall of refinancing of Treasury debt.”
who has long warned of systemic fragility in traditional finance
said the current move is risky but not yet disastrous
“Is it risky what they’re doing
Yes… But we’re not there yet just because we’ve had a 5% one-day correction.”
She also noted that Bitcoin’s four-year halving cycle remains intact
It has to do with the profitability of miners
Bitcoin halving is a scheduled event that occurs roughly every four years
cutting the reward miners receive for adding new blocks to the blockchain by 50%
This process reduces the rate at which new bitcoins are created
Halvings are seen as pivotal for Bitcoin’s price and supply dynamics
While she declined to offer a direct price prediction
Long added that Bitcoin’s behavior now reflects traders “looking for insurance” amid rising fears of instability
Custodia Bank is a Wyoming-based digital asset bank founded by Caitlin Long
It focuses on bridging traditional finance and crypto by offering compliant custody and payment solutions for digital assets
The bank is known for pushing regulatory clarity in the crypto-banking sector
Wyoming-based crypto bank announced on its website Wednesday that it would further reduce its operations and preserve capital "in anticipation of major crypto policy reforms." The move was voted on by the bank's board of directors earlier this week.
Custodia said that the pullback will help it keep its special purpose depository institution
charter in the state as well as the interface software for its real-time payments and bitcoin custody products
The bank said it is also looking to protect a patent on bank-issued stablecoins and its "clean compliance and operating record."
the shift enables it to continue as a going concern
but one with little — if any — day-to-day business operations
The decision to hunker down comes less than two weeks after Custodia lost its banking partner — a critical blow to the firm, which cannot directly transact with other banking institutions. Custodia founder and CEO Caitlin Long announced the development on Nov
Long said Custodia was "debanked" as a result of what she and others in the crypto space refer to as "Operation Chokepoint 2.0," a shorthand expression for the Biden administration's oppositional approach to digital assets that references an Obama-era scandal in which bank regulators and the Justice Department pressured banks not to serve arms dealers
payday lenders and other unsavory but legal businesses
Long noted that this is not the first time a bank has dropped Custodia because of governmental scrutiny
nor did she clarify which bank it had been partnering with
Cryptocurrency Trump's crypto push changes the game for banks November 12
2024 10:00 AM Long issued a written statement about the developments on Wednesday saying the bank will continue on in whatever way it can
"I'm incredibly proud of the Custodia team
and our resilience in the face of repeated debankings due to no fault of our own," Long said
"I especially thank Custodia's customers and shareholders who have helped us continue the fight for durability of banking access for the law-abiding U.S
As both a candidate and president-elect, Donald Trump has praised crypto as an area with significant growth potential and said he would implement policies to make the U.S
He has also pledged to install regulators who "love" the technology
It is unclear what the change of administration will mean for Custodia's litigation with the Fed
Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit as the bank looks to reverse a lower court ruling in favor of the central bank
Oral arguments in the lawsuit are scheduled to take place on Jan
Custodia Bank is venturing into the stablecoin business
On Tuesday, March 25, Custodia Bank disclosed that it had collaborated with Vantage Bank to tokenize U.S
making the token “Avit” the first-ever U.S
bank-issued stablecoin on a permissionless blockchain
Custodia asserts that the product complies with all relevant anti-money laundering and sanctions regulations
Commenting on the development, Custodia Bank founder and CEO Caitlin Long stressed that Avit opened the door for legacy finance to benefit from blockchain technology’s global
and programmable nature within the banking system
something she asserts was not previously possible
— Caitlin Long 🔑⚡️🟠 (@CaitlinLong_) March 25, 2025
She argued that unlike other stablecoins classified by the Federal Reserve as synthetic dollars
Avit represented “real dollars” as it was issued by a bank authorized to take demand deposits
will likely lower the barriers to entry for traditional finance (TradFi)
it is not Avit’s blockchain adoption potential that has caught the attention of crypto natives
The situation was made even more ironical as Custodia seemed to shy away from mentioning Ethereum in their announcement
with some poking the crypto bank to “say Ethereum.”
Say Ethereum https://t.co/EyUljDud3w
— Alex.eth 🇺🇸 🛡️ (@AlexanderFisher) March 25, 2025
Even VanEck’s Head of Digital Assets Research
humorously “fixing” the Custodia announcement headline to: “Bitcoin Maxi Issues Stablecoin on Ethereum.”
Bitcoin Maxi Issues Stablecoin on Ethereum https://t.co/2zah0EGXOg pic.twitter.com/2MjLS54fDt
— matthew sigel, recovering CFA (@matthew_sigel) March 25, 2025
Custodia’s recent venture comes as the Trump administration is pushing for stablecoin regulations before the end of the year
In line with this push, the Senate Banking Committee recently passed the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S
Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act to a full Senate vote
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The views expressed in this article may include the author's personal opinions and do not reflect The Crypto Basic opinion
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Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve — and crypto banking is right at the center of it
most mainstream banks won't do anything involving your crypto side of your portfolio,” said Roundtable host Rob
Long was quick to explain why: “That’s Operation Choke Point 2.0,” she said
blaming adverse SEC accounting guidance (SAB 121) for freezing out crypto
“That was designed to throw sand in the wheels of the crypto industry by keeping the banks out.”
While she said the policy has already been addressed at agencies like the SEC
she called the Federal Reserve the “one big laggard” — and warned of a brewing fight
“I think there’s a big fight that is setting up between Trump and Secretary of the Treasury Bessant versus the Federal Reserve over exactly this issue.”
‘We're going to leave the Fed alone regarding monetary policy
There are too many regulators,’” she recalled
noting Bessant’s intention to “consolidate bank regulation and put it into politically accountable organizations.”
That includes ideas like Trump’s proposed Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, which would be housed at the Treasury — not the Fed
“The Fed isn’t chartered to have a strategic reserve of a cryptocurrency,” Long said
recalling Powell’s reaction: “Please don’t give it to us.”
She described how the Fed and Treasury “have historically had frictions
even when they’ve been friendly with common staffers.” But under Trump
“Some of the people being confirmed are very critical of the Fed,” she added
Long even hinted at a potential executive order from Trump that could require the Fed to grant long-denied access to banks like Custodia
“I don’t know if that’s true,” she said
“but it all does jive with the breadcrumbs..
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Yesterday the US Congressional Research Service (CRS) published a paper about policy issues relating to the Federal Reserve
Around one fifth of the document covered crypto and digital currency topics
It outlined a number of policy questions that Congress might wish to consider
Two related questions were: “Should crypto firms and other nontraditional firms with federal or state bank charters be granted direct access to the Fed’s discount window and master accounts
Should Congress determine who gets access through legislation or defer to the Fed?”
The Congressional Research Service is a non partisan government organization
it doesn’t propose policy but outlines topics that Congress might wish to consider
The question regarding master accounts follows the legal battle between Custodia Bank and the Federal Reserve
after the Fed first delayed a response and then refused a master account
Custodia Bank never planned to grant loans
so deposits would be backed one for one and therefore it did not seek FDIC insurance
The paper quotes the Fed in its refusal as saying
“[T]he future earnings prospects of the business model that Custodia has proposed—that is
crypto-asset-focused business model featuring a number of novel and untested activities posing heightened risks – is inconsistent with approval.”
Despite the paper questioning whether the choice should be taken away from the Fed
it also refers to a District Court ruling against Custodia:
“[U]nless the Federal Reserve Banks possess discretion to deny or reject a master account application
state chartering laws would be the only layer of insulation for the U.S
one can readily foresee a ‘race to the bottom’ among states and politicians to attract business by reducing state chartering burdens through lax legislation….
States lack not only the mission but also the resources to protect national interests.”
The paper also covered three other topics:
The paper observes that bank engagement with crypto faces a two-pronged test:
The authors note that “Federal banking regulators have significant discretion over both findings
and their interpretation has changed under different leadership.”
banks needed to demonstrate activities were safe and sound
whereas the Biden leadership imposed case-by-case approval
Eventually the Fed stated that banks are ‘presumptively prohibited’ from holding crypto as principal as it does not believe they can do so in a safe and sound manner
Moving on, there’s been much discussion about the de-banking of the crypto sector
which was touched upon briefly and is now subject to Congressional hearings
Some of the questions it poses to Congress include:
That last point is saying if banks were allowed to engage with crypto on their own behalf (rather than just for clients)
given the potential for an adverse knock on effect to the bank as a whole
Unfortunately the paper’s coverage of CBDC failed to distinguish between wholesale and retail CBDC at all
wholesale CBDC could be beneficial to the banking sector without raising the privacy concerns relating to retail CBDC
The paper also noted President Trump’s executive order to terminate work on a CBDC
the Federal Reserve is supposedly an independent agency
“CRS (Congressional Research Services) cannot locate any statement from the Fed on whether it intends to terminate its research in response to the executive order
Congress might choose to legislate in order to either explicitly authorize or mandate the Fed to create a CBDC and shape its features.”
the paper notes that banks were allowed to get involved provided they do so in a safe and sound manner
“generally believes that issuing tokens on open
or similar systems is highly likely to be inconsistent with safe and sound banking practices.”
The authors highlight that the net effect is to prevent banks from getting involved in stablecoin issuance
While they note that banks can participate in tokenized deposits
they don’t mention that this has also been patchy
with multiple initiatives blocked under the Biden administration
they ask whether stablecoins should have FDIC insurance
The questions they ask for stablecoins include:
Two banks have collaborated to tokenize U.S
dollar demand deposits on a permissionless public blockchain for the first time in the United States
Wyoming-based digital asset bank Custodia Bank and Texas community bank
which has been a longtime ambition of Custodia
The transaction took place in eight stages and complied with all regulatory requirements
and the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control
[…] Custodia looks forward to the reversal of U.S
regulatory obstacles that have stymied stablecoin innovation in recent years,” Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long said in a statement
“@custodiabank & @Vantage_Bank just opened the door for #tradfi users that want to benefit from the global network effects of permissionless blockchains + low transaction costs
programmability & auditability *inside* the US banking system.”
The method of tokenization was patented by Custodia Bank in 2022
Custodia Bank managed issuance and redemption
monitoring and reconciliation using its Avit Management System
Vantage Bank is headquartered in San Antonio and has 23 branch offices in the state and deposits totaling $4 billion
It managed the fiat reserves and provided Fedwire/ACH transfer services
The customer transferred its Avit tokens into self-custody
transacted with those tokens outside the banking system
and then transferred its Avit tokens back to Custodia Bank for redemption as U.S
All of the activities took place on the Ethereum mainnet using the ERC-20 standard
The issuance of Avit required different documentation
and procedures from other stablecoin issuers
and the banks worked closely with their respective regulators on them
Custodia Bank was chartered by the Wyoming State Banking Board as a special-purpose depository institution in 2020
not fractionally reserved at 10% as is typical for banks
The bank was originally called Avanti Bank
Avit was part of its business plan from its inception
the bank called Avit a “stablecoin disruptor.” Avit is backed by demand deposits
The Federal Reserve Board denied Custodia Bank membership in the Federal Reserve system in January 2023
the bank was unable to carry out several important functions
The Fed said Custodia Bank sought to engage “in novel and untested crypto activities that include issuing a crypto asset on open
and/or decentralized networks.” It considered the bank’s plans risky
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ECIJA‘s Media Team has played a crucial role in providing legal advisory services for two major audiovisual productions: the Disney+ series “Custodia Repartida” and the feature film “Mala Influencia.”
directed by Javier Fesser and featuring Ricard Farré
Alejandro Díaz and Jaime Velasco ensured the legal compliance of all production elements
from technical-artist contracts to rights clearance
directed by Chloé Wallace and based on a Wattpad literary hit
ECIJA has also advised Nadie Es Perfecto with a team led by partner Elena Ordúñez and lawyers Alejandro Díaz
accompanying in all matters relating to audiovisual production
in the hiring of its technical-artistic staff or in relation to the application for general project aid from the Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales for the project
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To find the right partner to work with and buy and sell lots of wine
But that is a lot easier said than done and the average wine buyer and importer will have to taste through a lot of wines and talk to a lot of producers before they find the ones that are right for them
The Buyer’s Case initiative hopes to help in a number of ways
Give busy buyers the chance to taste wines from a premium focused producer serious about wanting to do business in the UK
Whilst at the same time share the steps they go through in order to decide which wines they may
Steps other producers can read and learn from when pitching their wines either directly to them
or other importers with similar buying needs
It also provides the platform for a producer
and put their wines directly in the hands of buyers they would most like to taste their wines
Crucially there are no obligations on either side of the fence
The buyers do not have to take on any of the wines they say they would
And the producer can determine which is the right potential partner to work with - if at all
The Buyer’s Case is designed to give producers honest
feedback from professional buyers best placed to tell them where their wines might sit in the UK market
For even if the wines may not be suitable for them
they can offer advice where they might want to focus their efforts
The main objective is to give the participating wine producer invaluable advice on how suitable their wines are for the competitive UK market
A chance to bring them closer to the key decision makers and buyers across the premium on-trade and independent sectors
Terre de la Custodia has both DOC and DOCG vineyards
in the heart of Italy’s Umbria and owned and run by the Farchioni family
was best known for its extra virgin oil and flour
It is now one of the region’s premium wine producers with 180 hectares of both DOC and DOCG vineyards all focused around producing red and white wines for the Terre de la Custodia premium wine brand
Here the focus is on combining “ancient craftsmanship with the most advanced winemaking technologies”
The recently two floor winery is based in Gualdo Cattaneo
surrounded by many of the estate’s vineyards
It includes the temperature controlled tank and oak barrel rooms along with its important drying room where selected grapes and branches are brought to control drying for many of the red cuvees
It follows strict procedures and processes to: limit greenhouse gas emissions; water supply; assess soil compaction; help generate organic matter and biodiversity; and does not use agropharmaceuticals
Its wines are made across the following DOC and DOCG wine production areas which include:
The wines it wanted to show the buyers that best demonstrate the range of what it can offer:
Tenuta Torrececconia Blanco Umbria IGT 2023 12.5%
Trebbiano and other Umbrian approved white grape varieties from the area of Torrececcona di Todi-Gualdo Cattaneo at up to 400m
Vineyard age of 10 to 16 years from medium and clay soils
Montefalco Grechetto Vino Montefalco DOC 2023 13%
Produced in Montefalco from 100% Grechetto this comes from 16 year-old
five hectares of vines in medium clay soils
Fermented and aged in steel and wood and then in bottle
Produced in Gualdo Cattaneo using a blend of local white grape varieties from a 3 hectare 12 year plot at up to 350m
Sericum Rosso di Montefalco di Montefalco DOC 14.5%
Made from Sangiovese and other permitted Umbrian red grape varieties from a 20 hectare site in Giano dell’ Umbria at up 350m from 15 year old vines
Light and clay soils and fermented in steel and aged in bottle
Maior Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG Rosso 2019 15%
Produced in La Palombara Gualdo Cattaneo from a 22 hectare
Fermented in steel and aged for 18 months in barrique and six months in bottle
Exubera Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG Rosso 2016 15%
Made in La Palome this 100% Sagrantino wine comes from two hectare
20 year-old vineyard at 350m on rich clay soils
Fermented in steel aged in barriques and tonneaux for 18 to 24 months and then in bottle for 12 months
To help assess and determine how suitable the wines from Terre de la Custodia
are for the UK market The Buyer was able to recruit four leading buyers who offer different backgrounds and routes to market
Gary Keller has recently set up his own commercial drinks consultancy where he hopes to share his 15 years experience working in senior buying roles at Molson Coors
Vastly experienced and highly respected senior wine buyer who has worked across a number of major businesses
Enotria&Coe and most recently as wine and drinks director at Molson Coors he is now founder of Keller’s Cellar his new commercial drinks consultancy that hopes to work with drinks companies to improve their business performance and work on future growth strategies
Harry Crowther has extensive buying experience and now heads up wine buying for Good Pair Days in the UK
Highly experienced and respected wine buyer who has worked across all channels of the trade as a top sommelier and restaurant buyer at high profile venues such as Sketch
in specialist retailing at Hedonism and is now head of wine buying in the UK for online retailer
Michael Karam is working with Harry Hunt on their new wine business H&K Wine Agencies
Michael Karam is an award-winning journalist covering news
food and drink and is a widely respected expert on Lebanese wine
before returning to the UK in 2014 to focus on a wider wine writing and consultancy career and has now set up H&K Wine Agencies with Harry Hunt
Each of the buyers were asked to taste and assess each of the six wines in turn and answer a series of questions about how and where they see them sitting in the UK market
thank you for inviting me to take part in this Buyer’s Case as I embark on my journey with Keller’s Cellar
I had the pleasure of meeting some of the team behind Terre de la Custodia (Marco and Cecilia) at the London SITT tasting to understand more about their winery
their passion for these lesser-known regional Italian wines and taste through their full range in advance of writing up my feedback on the selection I received
Gary Keller was impressed overall by the range of Terre de la Custodia wines
I was able to share the white wines to complement a six-course pescatarian tasting menu to celebrate my daughter’s 18th birthday – this was a real treat for her
The wines all complemented the dishes which included sushi
bream and the fabulous main course of lobster and king prawn risotto
Reds were tasted the next day to give them the focus and attention they needed
From both the tasting at SITT and sitting down to re-taste the selection sent
I have been mightily impressed with the wines
They are well packaged across the range from entry to premium and the quality of the winemaking has stood up to their instant appeal
For me it has been a while since I last tasted wines from these regions
and I will undoubtedly order Montefalco DOC and DOCG again in the future if these wines are a good representation for the region
My personal favourites were the Montefalco DOC Grechetto in the whites and Sericum Montefalco DOC and Maior Montefalco DOCG in the reds with my family choosing the Grechetto as there favourite
these wines would be suitable for hotel and restaurants across the on-trade and great options for independent wine merchants
The entry level Umbria IGT Tenuta Torrececcona may extend beyond this into pubs with good wine lists
given they offer outstanding value for money and would be lovely if offered by the glass
I would say that I would be happy to sell these wines here in the UK as they are diverse
great examples of their region and at each price level have quality throughout
zesty little number is a real crowd pleaser of a wine
The lees ageing and subsequent two months resting in bottle
provides some depth to the wine and a delightful minerality throughout
lime and a lovely acidity on the finish means this wine over delivers for the price point and would offer a great option by the glass across the on-trade
overly high in acidity and also conversely when old can become a bit too plump and lacking freshness
the wine was also delicious offering an abundance of stone fruit
succulent minerality and a generous dollop of spiced fruit
The four months spent ageing on lees and further 2 developing in bottle show the producer is releasing this at the right time for drinking and enjoying to its max
super soft mouthfeel and super with seafood
A wine made for dining in the on-trade and definitely one to look out for in your local wine specialist shop
meaning ‘Prestige’ steps up from the Grechetto DOC
I believe the wine is also unoaked but aged for 12 months in the bottle before release
This wine paired really well with our lobster and king prawn risotto
standing up to the food’s rich creamy texture
I would be interested to taste this against the 2019 and 2021 vintages to see how they compare
I wonder if this wine might be better drunk younger but keen to compare before making a judgement
This is a wine of high quality and would compete well on a restaurant wine list and against competitors in the £15-£20 space in a wine merchant
I was a bit apprehensive that they may be bitterly tannic
my preconceptions were misguided and upon tasting Sericum
I was astounded by its freshness and its ability to feel relatively lighter in mouthfeel than it’s 14.5% led you to believe
This is probably driven by being fairly young with ageing potential up to 2027
bursting with juicy black cherries and lush spices
meant this wine offers much to Malbec lovers seeking an adventurous alternative
We really enjoyed this and would definitely buy a bottle for drinking at home
A premium by the glass option for restaurants and a great value alternative to Malbecs for wine specialist shops
This wine definitely lives up to its billing
Eighteen months barrique ageing and a further six months in bottle make for an absolute super star of a wine
The winemaking has been top drawer and yes it will appeal to those wanting a blockbuster red
but will also please drinkers looking for something different
elegant tannins mean this wine is perfect for those dark
cosying up with a glass of red and yet would equally stand up and pair well to the most rich foods like game and red meat
and should the easement band be maintained
it will add to its price vs wines at 14.5% on shelf pushing it into the £15-£20 section
I would absolutely still recommend buying it
Would be great on a hotel and restaurant menu too
To sum this wine up Exubera is Maior with extra power
It’s like the winemaker has turned the volume up at every stage to make a rock star of a wine
generosity of flavour and powerful body would all represent this massive wine
However if you love Amarone or appassimento wines
or have occasionally enjoyed a bottle of 19 Crimes mid week
This may price itself out of hitting the wine specialist shelves but may find a spot on restaurant menu where cooking over a barbecue or a speciality across red meats is the focus
leg of lamb and duck whilst would work well as part of a taster menu wine selection
Michael Karam thought the Terre de la Custodia wines could work in either the on or off-trade
A blend of classical and contemporary and very contemporary
serious but not gimmicky wines that would work in both the on and off-trade channels
The reds will appeal to consumers weaned on New World
extracted styles with good oak integration
Avid readers of the ABV percentage might arch an eyebrow but you can’t please everyone and where the alcohol is quite punchy it is always well-integrated
but ‘Brand Italy’ will probably carry it over the line
All three are good independent merchant wines
The whites were correct and nothing to fault them
but there is not an abundance of character or generosity
Grechetto (and even Trebbiano) isn’t well known and that will affect the commercial appeal
good on-trade wines with the opportunity for healthy margin on a list
The packaging and labels are all fine apart from The Exubera which is the anomaly
The wine is stunning but the ‘immature’ label lets it down.
Tenuta Torrececconia Blanco Umbria IGT 2023
Citrus personality with not much else but at this price point it ticks all the boxes
It has (decent) house white written all over it
Packaging is classical and bland but would suit a multiple or a wine list
Montefalco Grechetto Vino Montefalco DOC 2023
More elegant offering than the first white wine
Price presents excellent value for the on-trade
All in all not bad for a grape that is mainly seen as a blending variety
in the mouth the wine is creamy and textured
A wine that can straddle the aperitif and food worlds
although too classy to be glugged by the pool
Needs to be more specific about which “native grapes” are actually used in the blend
Michael Karam gets down to the business of tasting and assessing the Terre de la Custodia wines
Sericum Rosso di Montefalco di Montefalco DOC
Sangiovese with an uncredited supporting cast
The result is a lovely red fruit expression with violets and pepper
Needed time to open up but didn’t disappoint
not much to write about but after 24 hours
a sliver of evolution created a decent slug of complexity
On the money.Would work well in the on and off-trade
but this is a iron fist in a velvet glove and it is all down to the beautiful balance of all the factors – acidity
tannins oak management and of course the ABV
Tenuta Torrececconia Blanco dell'Umbria IGT 2023Floral and fruity nose
Commercially might be worthwhile dropping the cork
lightening the bottle and coming around €2.2 which will make this a real winner.Montefalco Grechetto vino Montefalco Grechetto Blanco DOC 2023
more concentrated orange blossom with traditional rusticity of Italian whites on the nose
Hint of fennel and white spice on the nose as well
Umbria IGT Sangiovese Vino Rosso Sangiovese
ripe on the nose without being exciting – its perfectly acceptable.Simple
there’s more quality in the selection.Sericum Rosso di Montefalco di Montefalco DOC
Crunchy blackfruits and dried herbs on the nose
floral and elegenant with well defined fruit
good body – the alcohol does stick out on the finish.A little too big and too alcoholic for my palate.Maior Montefalco Sagrantino Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG 2019
Absoloutely delightful nose which reminds me of rustic old school chianti
salami integrated oak and just divine on the nose.Soft
generous fruit with gamey notes offering complexity
it wears in better than the previous one.Long and complex finish
I would purchase this is the pricing was right.Exubera Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG 2016
more polished style which is not my style but I understand what market this is aiming for
Can compete with Super Tuscans on the nose
Tenuta Torrececconia Blanco Umbria IGT 2023 The packaging is lean
It would be a good wine for the on-trade and with the right food pairing but by bottle rather than by the glass
There is some attractive orange peel and subtle tone fruit character
The price point is good and there is good fruit here for the money that would benefit from a bit more freshness and acidity
There is some good fruit here and nice floral appeal
There is a fair amount of wine here for the money
particularly with a bit more acidity and freshness
This is a wine for the on-trade as the oak element lends to gastronomy
I think there is some texture and appeal to certain palates here
and would benefit from more modern packaging
I tend to get this level of concentration from Trebbiano Spoletino
It is premium price point and there is richness and texture to back it up with a good finish and would work better with more modern packaging
It’s a wine for the premium on-trade and would do well by the glass in a restaurant with a tasting menu and the right dish
This wine’s opulent style would make it a crowd pleaser in a specialist wine store capable on handling the higher price
I am not sure I could place this wine if I tasted it blind so would like to see a bit more terror and typicity
some rustic Italian charm here which is par for the course with Sagrantino with its ripping tannins
The cost price is about right for DOCG Sagrantino
I haven’t seen many cheaper so I think the price is about right
It would need to be a hands sell in the on-trade but would work well with a big old steak and after a long decant
I would like to see more more neutral oak used and perhaps earlier picking for acidity and flavour
The price is on the high side considering its packaging
* You can find out more about Terre de la Custodia wines at its website here.
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2024 5:54 PM EDTCustodia Bank’s Caitlin Long has often repeated the phrase "a fool and their leveraged bitcoin are soon parted." And
there isn't a shortage of examples to point to in crypto where excessive leverage has ended terribly
On the sidelines of the Bitcoin Conference
Roundtable anchor Rob Nelson and Custodia Bank’s Founder and CEO Caitlin Long delved into the nuances of bitcoin and leverage
offering insights into this evolving financial landscape
Nelson kicked off the conversation by sharing his personal experience
highlighting how he keeps a significant portion of his risk portfolio in bitcoin
He emphasized the value of holding onto the asset while exploring ways to leverage it without losing its growth potential
Nelson likened his bitcoin investment to a locked-up vault that continues to grow in value
pondering over the potential of using it as collateral instead of selling it off
Caitlin Long provided clarity on the concept of leveraging
distinguishing between using bitcoin as collateral and going beyond a one-to-one leverage ratio
She explained that leveraging becomes risky when it exceeds 100%
Long suggested that leveraging bitcoin up to 50% of its collateral value is a safer approach
akin to taking a loan against a house without selling parts of it
This method allows investors to retain the growth of their bitcoin while borrowing against its value
led to significant losses due to excessive leverage
Long emphasized that these platforms’ high yields were unsustainable
as they relied on leveraging beyond the actual value of the bitcoin
similar to the way some banks operate with traditional assets
Long elaborated on the broader banking system's reliance on leverage
explaining how banks make profits by borrowing at low short-term interest rates and lending at higher long-term rates
contrasts with bitcoin’s disinflationary nature
bitcoin’s supply growth decreases over time
Nelson expressed curiosity about the future of bitcoin halvings and their impact on the asset’s value
Long acknowledged the uncertainties but remained optimistic
pointing out that macro factors such as regulatory policies and Wall Street’s involvement could significantly influence bitcoin’s trajectory
She warned that excessive leveraging by traditional financial institutions could pose risks
where claims vastly exceed actual gold reserves
TronWeekly
October 29, 2024 by Kashif Saleem
Elon Musk’s rеcеnt proposаl to slаsh аt lеаst $2 trillion from thе U.S. fеdеrаl budgеt hаs gаrnеrеd significаnt аttеntion, including from thе cryptocurrеncy industry. Cаitlin Long, CEO of Custodiа Bаnk, а finаnciаl institution focusеd on sеrving crypto businеssеs, took to sociаl mеdiа on Octobеr 28th to shаrе hеr thoughts on thе proposеd Dеpаrtmеnt of Govеrnmеnt Efficiеncy (DOGE)
Long еxprеssеd optimism аbout DOGE’s potеntiаl but еmphаsizеd thе nееd for swift аction
“Thе rеgulаtory аbusе hаs bееn stаggеring,” shе stаtеd
highlighting thе burdеn plаcеd on businеssеs likе Custodiа by еxcеssivе rеgulаtions
Rеcognizing thе upcoming 2026 US Sеnаtе еlеctions аnd thе potеntiаl for а Dеmocrаtic mаjority
Long urgеd thе DOGE tеаm to “movе fаst” to еstаblish lаsting rеforms thаt wouldn’t bе еаsily rеvеrsеd by futurе аdministrаtions
Long аlso cаutionеd аbout а potеntiаl downsidе of аggrеssivе spеnding cuts – еconomic dеprеssion
govеrnmеnt’s spеnding currеntly аccounts for а significаnt portion of thе GDP (Gross Domеstic Product)
аnd а shаrp rеduction could lеаd to а slowdown
Long аrguеs thаt thе currеnt focus on GDP growth аs а primаry еconomic mеtric is flаwеd
“It’s thе wrong mеаsurе & thеy’ll nееd to еxplаin why,” Long аssеrtеd
Shе proposеs а shift towаrds mеаsuring “gross output,” which incorporаtеs businеss-to-businеss (B2B) or supply chаin spеnding
offеring а morе comprеhеnsivе picturе of еconomic аctivity
“Cutting govt spеnding will by dеf’n cut GDP,” Long аcknowlеdgеd
“but MORE IMPORTANTLY аs cаpitаl & jobs аrе rеdеployеd to thе privаtе sеctor
B2B аctivity will grow & thаt’s whеrе thе rеаl growth is!”
Thе rеcеnt dеvеlopmеnts surrounding Musk аnd DOGE hаvе coincidеd with а positivе pricе movеmеnt for Dogecoin
Thе cryptocurrеncy hаs surgеd by аpproximаtеly 7% in thе lаst 24 hours
This risе is pаrt of а lаrgеr 14.65% rеbound following thе formаtion of а “goldеn cross” on its dаily chаrt
Tеchnicаl аnаlysts considеr thе goldеn cross а bullish signаl
indicаting а potеntiаl shift in momеntum from а downtrеnd to аn uptrеnd
Dogеcoin’s 50-dаy moving аvеrаgе (EMA) crossеd аbovе its 200-dаy EMA on Octobеr 25th
Thе аbility of Dogecoin to hold аbovе its currеnt support lеvеl of $0.141
will bе cruciаl in dеtеrmining its futurе pricе dirеction
trаdеrs might sее а furthеr climb towаrds thе $0.156 аnd $0.171 rеsistаncе lеvеls in Novеmbеr
а drop bеlow $0.141 could lеаd to а dеclinе towаrds thе аscеnding trеndlinе support аround $0.122
Related Readings | Dogecoin’s Hidden Bullish Signals: Is a 400% Surge Possible?
Filed Under: News Tagged With: Cryptocurrency, Dogecoin, Dеpаrtmеnt of Govеrnmеnt Efficiеncy (DOGE)
Federal Reserve has slapped down a crypto-friendly bank in Texas
while other banks urged the Fed not to grant Wyoming’s crypto-friendly Custodia Bank access to the Fed’s master accounts
On September 4, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System issued a cease & desist order against the United Texas Bank (UTB) in Dallas
The order followed an investigation by the Texas Department of Banking that began in May 2023 and “identified significant deficiencies in the Bank’s corporate governance and oversight by the Bank’s board of directors and senior management.”
Said deficiencies were “related to foreign correspondent banking and virtual currency customers
specifically risk management and compliance with applicable laws
and regulations relating to anti-money laundering
one of America’s largest money transfer businesses
UTB was the settlement bank for Circle and MoneyGram
as well as numerous other digital asset firms
Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long tweeted her reaction to the UTB order
Custodia is one of several crypto-focused entities that have been granted special-purpose depository institution (SPDI) status in Wyoming
but no SPDI has yet been granted membership in the Federal Reserve System
Access to the Fed’s master accounts would ensure that Custodia customers’ deposits are protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
The Fed’s January 2023 rejection of Custodia’s application singled out the bank’s desire to “engage in novel and untested crypto activities,” which the Fed believes present “significant safety and soundness risks” that “are highly likely to be inconsistent with safe and sound banking practices.”
Custodia sued the Fed over delays in the Fed processing the bank’s application
District Court for the District of Wyoming upheld the Fed’s rejection this spring
Skavdahl rejected Custodia’s assertion that the rejection was arbitrary and capricious and ruled that Custodia was not automatically entitled to a master account based on its SPDI status
The 11 banks also note Treasury’s warning that “novel business models can be especially susceptible to fraud
or other criminal transactions.” The banks allow these risks to be “not specific to the crypto industry,” but the banks “have already seen how providing certain financial institutions with master accounts could facilitate money laundering and other illicit activities.”
Custodia’s Long told DL News that the opposition briefs came as “no surprise” and confirmed Custodia’s belief that “both protectionist practices and regulatory capture exist in the banking industry.”
Verrilli argued that there was “no legal basis
for treating companies in the digital asset ecosystem as pariahs and forcing them to operate without access to the national banking system and the regulatory frameworks that govern it.”
One wonders if there’s an Operation Choke Point 3.0 that cuts off the oxygen to the brains of high-priced attorneys once they cash some crypto checks…
Watch: Breaking down solutions to blockchain regulation hurdles
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Mostly cloudy with a few scattered showers lingering overnight
then some breaks of sun in the afternoon but still scattered showers or a t-storm
although a stray shower can't entirely be ruled out
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