Rank pen allows just four rides Thursday night inside Cowtown Coliseum Texas – At the 71st iteration of the PBR (Professional Bull Riders) Stockyards Showcase inside the iconic Cowtown Coliseum in Fort Worth Brazil) went 1-for-2 to win the event title Thursday evening The veteran cowboy roared out of the chutes for an event-high 86 points aboard Page 120H (D&H Cattle Company) in the opening round Guedes was paired with Hilton 3J (Silent 7/Hilton Bull Co) The Brazilian gave the nod and the powerful animal athlete quickly got the upper hand The event win netted Guedes a critical 46 Challenger Global points In second placed was Donnie Rutherfurd (Mount Isa Tasked with Tiny Tornado (Rafter C Bucking Bulls) in Round 1 the Aussie rocketed out of the gates for 85 points Looking for his second event win of the week after he topped the standings in Goliad Rutherfurd thundered out of the chutes on Train Smoke (Stockyards Pro Rodeo) but was bucked off after 4.98 seconds Rutherfurd’s second-place finish earned him 33 Challenger Global points Texas) also went 1-for-2 and finished third A member of the Texas Rattlers on the separate PBR Camping World Team Series Taylor was bucked off by Closet Gangster (Rafter C Bucking Bulls) in Round 1 in 1.42 seconds topping Carter (Rafter R Bucking Bulls) for a round-winning 83 points in the final round to seize the final spot on the podium The bronze finish garnered Taylor 26 Challenger Global points The final qualified ride of the evening belonged to Hector Lerma (Mexico City After bucking off Page 086 (D&H Cattle Company) in Round 1 Lerma thundered out of the chutes aboard Hilton 123 (Silent 7/Hilton Bull Co) and hung on for 79.5 points The Mexican cowboy left Cowtown Coliseum with 19 Challenger Global points Challenger Global points contribute to the Challenger Global Standings and the Top 40 at the end of the season compete in the PBR Challenger Series Championship in Las Vegas A select number of riders from the top of the 2024 Challenger Global Standings will receive a berth to the elite 2025 Unleash The Beast Electric Kitty (Moore Cattle/D&H Cattle Co.) Moon Juice (Rafter R Bucking Bulls) and Hilton 824 (Silent 7/Hilton Bull Co) were all marked 44 points to split the Bull of the Event title The PBR Stockyards Showcase returns on Thursday Action inside Cowtown Coliseum will get underway at 7:30 p.m PBR RidePass on Pluto TV currently offers re-airs and on-demand replays of every PBR Stockyards Showcase event. PBR RidePass is available on desktops, laptops and mobile devices via www.pluto.tv. Click here for on-demand PBR programming RidePass is in the process of moving to the Merit+ app the free streaming and VOD destination of Dr 8 seconds is all it takes to become a legend Thanks for visiting ! The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy. We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here. 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Click here to login Metrics details Geological structures are by nature inaccessible to direct observation This can cause difficulties in applications where a spatially explicit representation of such structures is required in particular when modelling fluid migration in geological formations An increasing trend in recent years has been to use analogs to palliate this lack of knowledge exploiting the spatial information from sites where the geology is accessible (outcrops quarry sites) and transferring the observed properties to a study site deemed geologically similar it is difficult to put in place because of the lack of access to well-documented analog data In this paper we present comprehensive analog data sets which characterize sedimentary structures from important groundwater hosting formations in Germany and Brazil Multiple 2-D outcrop faces are described in terms of hydraulic thermal and chemical properties and interpolated in 3-D using stochastic techniques These unique data sets can be used by the wider community to implement analog approaches for characterizing reservoir and aquifer formations observation design • data integration objective Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format) Since transport models are most influenced by geological heterogeneity they inevitably carry substantial uncertainty such mapping only provides two-dimensional (2-D) analogs while flow and transport modelling often requires three-dimensional (3-D) characterization it can be difficult to find a representative 3-D analog for a given site Ideally a freely accessible repository of type locations would exist spanning a broad range of characteristic subsurface environments but by following a similar procedure: In order to obtain 3-D images multiple outcrop cross sections were sequentially mapped and digitized during ongoing excavation in gravel pits We focus on a range of different geological with the purpose of developing genuine portrayals of the selected sedimentary blocks at the sub-decimetre scale These properties are associated with sets of facies types specific to each analog Such facies represent the smallest homogenized units and therefore do not represent up-scaled values Mapping their distribution on each outcrop results in a digitized facies mosaic These mosaics allow for visualizing the sedimentary structures in the vertical outcrops and the 3-D spatial changes are captured by combining all mapped cross-sections at a site By sharing multiple realizations of both analogs we open the door for any kind of stochastic flow and transport modelling in those types of geological environments The analogs can serve as benchmarks for different levels of hydraulic Four different facies types are distinguished in the analogs The lithofacies represent the basic categories These are further distinguished for defining hydrofacies units when hydraulic properties reveal significant internal variability This is especially the case when sediment grains show grading or when a predefined lithofacies assembles small-scale interbedded strata The hydrofacies-based classification is not further subdivided This means chemical and thermal properties are estimated for the hydrofacies classes which yields specific chemo- and thermofacies qualitative classification guided by principal lithofacies types may lead to different hydro- chemo- or thermofacies of sometimes similar quantitative properties Therefore the presented classification offers the highest possible resolution and depending on the model application facies types characterized by similar parameter values may be merged Workflow from field data collection to generation of three-dimensional aquifer analog realizations with litho-, hydro-, chemo- and thermofacies. Outcrop photographs of Descalvado (a) and Herten (b) profiles taken at the gravel pits during excavation The alternating sequences mainly form the central share of the block whereas continuous and relatively regular layers of gravel represent the top and bottom parts Three of these lithofacies are further subdivided due to internal variability of grain sizes and thus in total nine different hydrofacies are derived three major architectural elements can be distinguished: the quasi homogeneous basis with well sorted medium to very fine aeolian sands (Sp) the more heterogeneous central part with cross-bedded coarse sand and gravel (SGt) and on top a laterally continuous layer of trough cross-bedded fine to medium sand facies (St) highest variability is found in the centre Chemical heterogeneity is rarely reported for analogs and it may be used to describe a broad range of variable chemical characteristics such as mineral composition The selected chemofacies types of both analogs refer to different properties which is a main determinant of sorption capacity which represents a more mature and quasi carbon free sediment Sediment bound iron is abundant in most sediments as a solid phase electron acceptor during degradation of organic contaminants in aquifers The carbon content of the latter shows only little variability Since the same categories are used as for the hydrofacies differences between some chemofacies are not significant and thus these may be pooled in four or six major classes The Fe(III) content of the nine different Descalvado facies types was determined by laboratory testing of three samples per facies 0.5 g of sediment was filled in 58 ml serum bottles (triplicate of each sample) the samples were put on a shaker table for 1 h to dissolve amorphous and poorly crystalline Fe phases Crystalline Fe was extracted by adding 6 M HCl to the sample and incubation for 24 h in a 70 °C water bath The dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) were determined in the liquid phase by ferrozine assay The purple-coloured ferrozine complex was quantified spectrophometrically at 562 nm using a microtiter plate reader (FlashScan 550; Analytik Jena The concentrations of Fe(III) were determined by the difference between Fe(II) and Fe(total) Amorphous and poorly crystalline Fe phases could not be quantified because concentrations did not reach measurable levels (>10 μM) The presented solid Fe(III) oxides refer to highly crystalline phases (i.e. Visualization of two exemplary realizations for Descalvado and Herten aquifer analogs with colour coding of the facies types (see Tables 2 and 3) we provide the results obtained with three MPS simulation settings The first simulation setting consists of a model domain of the same size as the available mapped outcrops (320×200×140 voxels of 5 cm side for the Herten-analog; 280×70×58 voxels of 10 cm size for the Descalvado-analog) where the outcrops themselves are used as conditioning data to constrain the simulation but without considering the outcrops as conditioning data 100 equiprobable realizations are obtained by changing the simulation random seed MPS uses the random numbers generated by a computer for the facies simulation and for the choice of the sequential simulation path Using another random seed for each realization allows obtaining different stochastic simulations that are representative of the geological uncertainty For the third simulation setting only one realization per analog is provided that is a grid of size 1000×1000×140 for the Herten analog and a grid of size 420×420×58 for the Descalvado analog The presented high resolution data sets exhibit several sources of uncertainty and inaccuracy, associated with each working step (Fig. 1) The sources may be grouped as those associated with mapping and facies assignment those stemming from measurement inaccuracy those related with parameter estimation and those originating from the geostatistical simulation procedure This was crucial for obtaining sedimentologically plausible reconstructions consistency of the mapped facies mosaics was scrutinized at the intersections of perpendicular profiles this also shows that the regional hydrofacies-based classification may be suitable to also categorize chemo- and thermofacies at one site but transferability to another site is in this case limited The visual inspection allows evaluating the reliability and the geological realism of the simulated 3-D domains A direct comparison of the proportions of the facies mapped in the field and the proportions of the lithofacies reproduced in the 3-D simulations is another important criterion to evaluate the simulations A direct comparison of the connectivity indicators computed on the 2-D outcrops with the indicators computed on the 3-D simulations would be difficult to interpret while some preliminary tests are performed to compare the connectivity indicators of the 2-D datasets and 2-D MPS simulations in the data repository we only attach the mean the median and the standard deviation of the ensembles of 3-D s2Dcd simulations or read by mathematical libraries and scripting languages such as Python Matlab or Mathematica in a straightforward manner The README file attached to the data set includes a description of the workflow required for the conversion from VTK to other formats using a text editor a VTI (VTK ImageData) file is provided to allow for direct visualization of the spatial variability of the hydraulic High resolution multi-facies realizations of sedimentary reservoir and aquifer analogs Data 2:150033 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.33 (2015) On the importance of geological heterogeneity for flow simulation Spatial connectivity in a highly heterogeneous aquifer: From cores to preferential flow paths Numerical simulation of subsurface characterization methods: application to a natural aquifer analogue Geological modeling of submeter scale heterogeneity and its influence on tracer transport in a fluvial aquifer A 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Germany): implications for hydrostratigraphy International Journal of Earth Sciences 92 Impact of grain scale heterogeneity on slow sorption kinetics Bestimmung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Untergrund durch Labor-und Feldversuche und anhand theoretischer Modelle Arenitos flúvio-eólicos da porção superior da Formação Pirambóia no centro-leste paulista in Geostatistics Troia’92 133–144 (Springer Analog‐based meandering channel simulation 3D multiple-point statistics simulation using 2D training images An improved parallel multiple-point algorithm using a list approach 3-D sedimentary architecture of a Quaternary gravel delta (SW-Germany): Implications for hydrostratigraphy Assessment of the role of facies heterogeneity at the fine scale by numerical transport experiments and connectivity indicators Connectivity metrics for subsurface flow and transport The VTK User’s Guide 11th edn (Kitware Inc. GSLIB: Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide Bayer, P., Comunian, A., Höyng, D., & Mariethoz, G. PANGAEA http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.844167 (2015) Download references This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation with the project ‘Tomographic thermal tracer investigation of alluvial aquifer heterogeneity’ under grant number 200021_149128 We thank Eric Roberts and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and the University of Neuchâtel (in particular Julien Straubhaar and Philippe Renard) for providing the MPS simulation engine impala Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘A.Desio’ Peter Bayer provided the facies description of the Herten analog and prepared the manuscript Alessandro Comunian conducted the 3-D interpolation generated the realizations and prepared the manuscript Dominik Höyng mapped the Descalvado analog and contributed to the chemofacies description of both analogs Gregoire Mariethoz worked on the geostatistical analysis The authors declare no competing financial interests Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.33 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science