Officers say they found Alfredo Fonteboa Hechavarria
filling up a truck at an altered fuel pump at a Speedway on Sawmill Road
An Albuquerque couple suspected in the theft of more than $20,000 worth of diesel fuel were arrested Friday in Santa Fe
Officers found Alfredo Fonteboa Hechavarria
filling up a white Ford F150 pickup at an altered fuel pump at a Speedway on Sawmill Road
Santa Fe police said in a news release Sunday
Friday in response to a report of a possible fuel theft
who was suspected of altering the fuel pump so it would “dispense more fuel than it could calculate,” the news release said
“Officers also learned that the suspect had modified his truck with an additional fuel tank in the bed of the truck
to contain large amounts of fuel,” police alleged in the release
“Officers discovered that the suspect has done this multiple times over the past several weeks
totaling a value of over $20,000 in value,” the release alleged
Fonteboa Hechavarria has been charged with larceny over $20,000
possession of a controlled substance and criminal damage to property over $1,000
She faces charges of conspiracy to commit receiving stolen property over $20,000
conspiracy to commit larceny over $20,000 and conspiracy to commit criminal damage to property over $1,000
Bernalillo County sheriff’s deputies went to Hechavarria’s residence in Albuquerque and found another vehicle that has been linked to a series of fuel thefts
Hechavarria and Guerra were booked into the Santa Fe County jail
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has given me the chance to photograph the beautiful wildlife of this region
and to document man’s effect on this ecosystem that is so important to the world
I have been photographing preparations for the 2014 World Cup
I enjoy photographing stories about people’s lives – everyone has something interesting to tell
My earliest memories of photography go back to when I was a child and my father would carry cameras and rolls of film on our family outings to record our trips
My mother always dedicated herself to taking care of her children and my father
now works for a company that manufactures airplanes
He always dreamed that I would follow in his footsteps until one day he realised that I had a passion just like he did
In 2005 I began to take pictures for national agencies and quickly managed to get a job with a local newspaper
Since my hometown is an important industrial centre
I began photographing strikes and labour conflicts and offered my photos to international media
My big career change came in 2009 when I was invited by the newspaper O Critica to spend three months in Manaus
I had never been to the north of my country
so it was a bet that many of my friends found insane at first
When I arrived in Manaus I realised the region's potential for stories and I began to make contact with international agencies
When Manaus was chosen to host World Cup matches it gained even more importance for international media
I think that photography teaches me something new every day
The people and stories that we document today will change the way we work tomorrow
I couldn’t imagine my life without photography
Even though I’m not a native of this region
I try hard to tell the story of this place that is so special
September 21, 2021JPEG
September 21, 2024JPEG
Rivers in the Amazon basin fell to record-low levels in October 2024 as drought gripped vast areas of South America
Months of diminished rains have amplified fires
and interrupted hydroelectric power generation in parts of Brazil
This pair of Landsat images illustrates the shrinking Solimões River near Tabatinga, a Brazilian city in western Amazonas near the border with Peru and Colombia. The image above (right) was captured by the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) on September 21
The other image (left) shows the same area on September 21
October 7, 2024JPEG
Brazil’s National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN) noted that an area of unusual warmth in the North Atlantic may have also affected rainfall patterns and contributed to the drought
“The magnitude of the current drought is roughly double what the region saw in 2015-2016
the last time a strong El Niño occurred,” Kansara said
Kansara is part of a USAID-NASA SERVIR project that provides retrospective analyses of the region’s hydrometeorology and produces fire risk forecasts for CEMADEN
The team’s analysis indicated that western Amazonas in Brazil
and southern Venezuela received more than 160 millimeters (6 inches)—less rain in July
Lack of rainfall, low soil moisture, and a drawdown of groundwater helped amplify the fires and caused them to spread faster and farther. The map above shows shallow groundwater storage for the week of October 7, 2024, as measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) satellites
or how the amount of shallow groundwater compares to long-term records (1948-2010)
September 3, 2024JPEG
“Low rainfall in the Pantanal during last year's wet season—roughly November through February—predisposed this region to a greater risk of fire,” said Doug Morton
an Earth system scientist based at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
you also see a strong drought signal to the north in Peru
and western Brazil—the source of many of the rivers that are now running dry across the central Amazon.”
The drought is also affecting scientific research. “We work with colleagues in Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador on an early warning forecast system for malaria who haven’t been able to access some research sites due to low water levels,” said Kansara
View this area in EO Explorer
Insufficient rainfall in 2023-2024 has taken a toll on the region’s rivers and groundwater and upended daily life in several countries
Dry conditions parched all but two states in October 2024 and worsened as the month progressed
Satellite gravimetry data indicates the ongoing drought is the continent's second most intense since 2002
Multiple seasons of below-average rainfall have affected the country’s drinking water supplies and groundwater reservoirs
The lack of rainfall and other environmental factors have taken a toll on the region’s vegetation and agricultural production
leaving many in the region facing severe hunger
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Infectious Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapy
Volume 12 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1505005
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of yellow fever disease and identify risk factors for mortality
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the referral center for infectious diseases (Hospital Eduardo de Menezes-HEM) in Belo Horizonte
Analysis included data from 283 patients with confirmed YF infection older than 13 years old who presented to HEM between January 2017 and June 2018
In-hospital mortality (hypothesis formulated after data collection)
demographic factors and clinical and laboratory assessments were used
Results: Study patients were mainly men (87.6%)
131 (46.3%) patients were admitted to the ICU
and 62 (22.0%) used invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 2 days (IQR 1
The median (IQR) total length of stay (LOS) in the ICU was 6 days (IQR 4
Age was significantly higher in fatal (median 49.5
Male sex was associated with an increased risk of death (RR 4.66
Most common symptoms and signs on admission to HEM were fever (31.9%)
Initial viral load above the cutoff of 4.45 log10 copies/mL was significantly associated with death prior to discharge (OR 12.2; CI 2.83
Five factors were significantly related to increased odds of death prior to discharge: log-transformed AST (OR 3.65; CI 2.02
and age are statistically associated with death prior to discharge in YF patients
These clinical markers should be applied to improve patient screening and management during future YF epidemics
Despite the existence of a safe yellow fever (YF) vaccine (17DD) since 1936 (1, 2), outbreaks in Angola (3), the Democratic Republic of Congo (4), and Brazil (5) have demonstrated that the causative agent of YF
is still a significant public health threat
Because the disease tends to occur in sporadic outbreaks in remote areas with limited access to medical care
its burden remains underestimated and its natural history is only partially characterized
The 2016-2018 YF outbreaks in southeastern Brazil offer an opportunity to better understand the disease’s clinical course
Using data from patients attended at HEM in 2017 and 2018
we retrospectively characterize the disease in this cohort and identify risk factors for mortality
that were associated with death prior to discharge in YF patients
We described clinical markers that should be applied to improve patient screening and management during future YF epidemics
analysis included patients older than 13 years old who presented to HEM between January 2017 and June 2018 with confirmed YF
YF diagnosis was performed by detecting IgM anti-YFV
YFV RNA by RT-qPCR or YFV isolation using serum samples
Patients diagnosed based on YFV IgM alone were only classified as confirmed YF if dengue IgM was negative
in order to exclude false positives due to cross-reactivity
but if detected the patient was reclassified as non-YF
Patients who presented after more than 21 days of symptoms were excluded
Patients who were transferred to or from another hospital were excluded from the final analysis
due to missing information on hospital course and final outcome
Our study was a retrospective data analysis and did not include patients as study participants
No patients were involved in setting the research question or the outcome measures
nor were they involved in the design and implementation of the study
Clinical outcomes assessed included in-hospital mortality
In-hospital mortality was defined as percentage of patients with confirmed YF who died in the hospital
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Stanford University School of Medicine
the Ethics committee at Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ-MG)
and Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG) under the protocols CAAE 72569317.2.0000.5091 and CAAE 65910317.0000.5071
No informed consent of study participants was pursued due to the nature of the deidentified data after IRBs’ authorization
This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline
Serial blood samples collected during the inpatient period were used for quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase followed by PCR (qRT-PCR). Briefly, YFV RNA was extracted from 140 μL of serum samples using the QIAmp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Total RNA (5 μL) was used in RT-qPCR targeting the 5’UTR region of the YFV genome (19)
Positive samples were then used for quantitative qRT-PCR
using Bio Gene Research Yellow Fever PCR kit (Bioclin
to determine the YFV RNA genomic viral load
The genomic viral load was expressed as log-transformed genomic copies (GC)/mL
The RNA quantification kit detects at least 20 GC/mL of viral RNA
the highest point for the standard curve (provided by the kit) was 2 × 105 GC/mL and diluted up to 2 × 101 GC/mL
The demographic characteristics examined included age
We also analyzed symptoms and signs that confirmed YF patients presented with at the time of admission as well as first recorded lab values
restricted to samples collected within hospital day three
Routine laboratory tests included blood counts
The presence or absence of proteinuria during the hospitalization was analyzed separately
as the date of collection could not be verified for the majority of patients
Additional tests ordered according to individual providers’ judgment were ultrasonography
Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for death prior to discharge
The maximal initial model was restricted to demographic features with p < 0.05 in the univariate analysis and initial laboratory values with p < 0.05 in the univariate analysis and greater than 250 observations to preserve sample size and avoid multicollinearity
Individuals missing any of the eligible covariates were excluded from analysis
Because a relatively small subset of participants provided information about symptoms or signs
these variables were not included in the multivariate analysis
Direct bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase were subsequently removed as predictors due to associated variance inflation factors (VIF) > 5 in the initial model
This initial screening process served to limit the number of candidate predictors
given the relatively small number of observations
An optimal model was then selected using a backward stepwise algorithm
which successively eliminates variables from the initial set of predictors until model fit no longer improves
Analyses were conducted in Minitab 17 (Minitab Corp)
Massachusetts) and R v4.3.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing
During the YF outbreak in MG, 475 patients suspected of YF infection were referred to HEM from January 2017 to June 2018, of which 292 were confirmed (Figure 1)
After excluding an additional 9 patients for presenting > 21 days after symptom onset or transferring prior to discharge
266 of these patients were diagnosed on the basis of PCR or viral isolation
and 17 were diagnosed using positive YFV IgM alone
for analysis of risk factors for fatal and non-fatal disease
Age was significantly higher in fatal (median 49.5, IQR 41.0, 61.0]) than in non-fatal cases by t-test (46 [36, 55]) (p = 0.005). Male sex was also associated with an increased risk of death (RR 4.66, 95% CI 1.19, 18.2; p = 0.005). Other medical comorbidities assessed on intake, including tobacco and alcohol use, were not significantly related to hospital outcomes (Figure 2)
Epidemiologic risk factors (RF) for fatal and non-fatal cases
columns list the RF of interest (in order of relative risk)
relative risk with 95% confidence intervals
p-value by Fisher’s exact (uncorrected for multiple comparisons)
illustrating the relative risk (node) and intervals (whiskers) relative to 1 (vertical line)
where nodes to the right of the line indicate increased risk of fatal outcome
p < 0.00417 is significant using the Bonferroni correction
Of the 218 YF patients for whom vaccination status was reported
44.0% (96) had been previously vaccinated against YFV
Vaccination dates were missing for 4 vaccinated individuals
Including one patient with an incomplete vaccination date that may have fallen within the period of interest
61 may have received vaccinations within 10 days of symptom onset
Including 5 patients with incomplete vaccination dates
6 may have been vaccinated at an age less than 1 year
Six vaccinated patients were diagnosed with YF on the basis of serology without confirmatory serum qRT-PCR
Considering all patients who received a vaccine at any point
there was a marginally significant protective effect for vaccination (RR 0.545
Discounting patients who may have received vaccinations within 10 days of symptom onset or under the age of 1
Potentially having received a vaccine within 10 days of symptom onset had no significant relationship to mortality (RR 2.03
Three YF patients had previously received two doses of the YFV vaccine
Initial symptoms and signs presented on the hospital admission of fatal and non-fatal cases
columns list the risk factor of interest (in order of odds ratio)
the number of patients for which the presence or absence of each symptom was reported on admission
and a forest plot on a logarithmic scale illustrating the odds ratio (node) and intervals (whiskers) relative to 1 (vertical line)
where nodes to the right of the line indicate increased odds of fatal outcome
p < 0.00179 is significant using the Bonferroni correction
Many of these markers are non-specific and could reflect multiple processes (e.g.
and all could reflect multiple organ dysfunction rather than injury to an isolated organ system
Proteinuria was present at any point during the hospitalization in 43.0% of individuals for whom the value was reported (n = 149) and was also significantly associated with death prior to discharge (OR 5.61
Initial basic laboratory values (at admission at HEM) of fatal and non-fatal cases
the cutoff value selected for dichotomization
the proportion of non-fatal cases above the cutoff
the proportion of fatal cases above the cutoff
the number of patients for which the value was measured
where nodes to the right of the line indicate that a value above the cutoff is associated with a fatal outcome
p < 0.00161 is significant using the Bonferroni correction
activated partial thromboplastin time; AST
ALP and CK; mmol/L for Lac; sec for aPTT; mEq/L for K and HCO3; mg/L for CRP; mmHg for pO2 and pCO2
Of findings identified on abdominal, renal and lung ultrasound exams conducted at any point during subjects’ inpatient courses, only ascites (OR 15.3 [5.54, 48.5]) and loss of renal corticomedullary differentiation (9.62 [3.14, 32.5]) have p-values by Fisher’s exact less than 0.05 with Bonferroni correction (Supplementary Figure 3)
Tested serum samples were positive for the presence of YFV RNA from 1 to 26 days post symptom (DPS) onset
Among samples on which we performed YFV RNA quantification
RNA YFV viral load varied from 15.75 GC/mL to 5.8 × 109 GC/mL (n = 91)
The median time to peak of YFV viral load was 5 DPS (IQR 4, 6). Initial log10-transformed viral load (ranging from DPS 1 to 13) varied significantly between fatal and non-fatal cases by t-test (p = 0.01) (Supplementary Figure 4). Log10-transformed viral load remained significantly higher in fatal cases from days 2–3 and 5–7 through day 9 by Wilcoxon rank sum test using the Bonferroni correction (Supplementary Figure 5)
an initial viral load > 4.45 log10 copies/ml was significantly associated with death prior to discharge (OR 12.2
In the final multivariate logistic regression model (using 212 complete cases), five factors were significantly related to an increased odds of death prior to discharge: log-transformed AST, log-transformed INR, log-transformed lactate, log-transformed WBC, and age. Sex was marginally significant (OR 4.22, 95% CI 0.272, 9.06, p = 0.0979) but was included in the final model as a potential confounder and because it improved model performance by AIC (Table 1)
Likelihood ratio Chi-squared statistic relative to the null model was 162.93 (p = 2.2 × 10–16)
The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was not significant
confidence intervals and associated p-values for the selected multivariate model
which could explain the worse outcomes among old adults during natural infection
these results suggest that markers of liver injury and sepsis that are already monitored by clinicians in the course of managing acute hepatitis may also have prognostic significance
and white blood cell count are all associated with increased risk of dying while inpatient
Differences may also be attributable to approaches in defining threshold optimality
VL appears to remain notably higher in fatal cases through DPS 9
suggesting that VL may remain useful as a predictor of severe disease even in late-presenting patients
Including a VL test in the YF patient routine could improve their clinical management
combining the serological test with PCR even in more advanced days of the infection would likely contribute to more accurate diagnosis
we are unable to fully evaluate this possibility with our dataset
Our ability to fully filter out patients that fell into one of these categories was limited by incomplete information on patients’ vaccination dates and by the self-reported nature of many patients’ vaccination history
It is important to note that our interpretation of this part of the study could be biased due to a lack of information on the patient’s vaccination record and that the YF vaccine continues to be safe
It is possible that our exclusion of individuals who were transferred to or from HEM and/or who presented very late in their disease course could bias our assessment of in-hospital outcomes
but the overall effect on disease severity in our sample is not clear
Excluding individuals who presented > 21 days after symptom onset is likely to exclude milder cases that were no longer at risk for the intoxication phase
Transfers to and from HEM occur for a variety of reasons
early identification of high-risk cases that may require ICU-level care plays a primary role in management algorithms
and other clinical cohorts may improve triage and direct critical care resources during future epidemics
The original contributions presented in this study are included in this article/Supplementary material
further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author
The studies involving humans were approved by Review Boards at Stanford University School of Medicine
The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements
Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin
MM: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
IR: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
LSP: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
DR: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
GC: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
TM: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
MP-X: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
AT-C: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
BD: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
AL: Writing–original draft and writing–review and editing
Lívia Fulgêncio da Cunha Melo
The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research
This project was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grant number R01 AI149614; principal investigators AL and OM-F)
and OM-F were supported by Secretaria de Estado de Sauìde de Minas Gerais/Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento de Minas Gerais/Instituto René Rachou/Fundaķăo Oswaldo Cruz
and AL were supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)/NIH (grant number 404192-2019-0/R01 AI149614)
PA was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (grant number APQ-01989-18)
BD research is supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia e Inovação (CNPq) (grant number 305167/2021-9)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES) grant numbers 001
and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
This study was financed in part by Coordenacção de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nıìvel Superior
Brazil (grant numbers 88882.348380/2010-1 and 0001/2016)
ARCC reports support for this work from Hospital Eduardo de Menezes/Fundação de Hospitais do Estado de Minas Gerais
also reports support for this work paid to institution from the US Collaborative Biomedical Research Program/CNPq/Ministério da Saúde/NIH
BD and IR report support for this work from Hospital Eduardo de Menezes (provision of study materials)
We thank our colleagues from Eduardo de Menezes Hospital
Laboratory of Viruses/Federal University of Minas Gerais
Institute René Rachou/FIOCRUZ MINAS and the teams of Ezequiel Dias Foundation and Secretary of Health of MG
This work was developed in the context of the research group Grupo de Estudos de Pesquisa e Resposta em Febre Amarela do Estado de Minas Gerais
and the authors thank all members of the group
The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
The authors declare that no Generative AI was used in the creation of this manuscript
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1505005/full#supplementary-material
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*Correspondence: Izabela Mauricio de Rezende, aXJlemVuZGVAc3RhbmZvcmQuZWR1; aXphYmVsYW1hdXJpY2lvcmV6ZW5kZUBnbWFpbC5jb20=
†Present address: Leonardo Soares Pereira
‡These authors have contributed equally to this work
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As reported by the Earth Observatory, rivers across the Amazon basin
have fallen to unprecedented low levels in October 2024 due to a severe drought
dropped to 254 centimeters below the gauge’s zero mark on October 4
and Manacapuru have also reported historically low water levels
Satellite data analyzed by NASA scientists indicated similar drops in water levels at several lakes and reservoirs in Brazil
“The magnitude of the current drought is roughly double what the region saw in 2015-2016
the last time a strong El Niño occurred,” said Prakrut Kansara
The ongoing drought is attributed in part to El Niño
a climate pattern marked by warm water in the equatorial Pacific
which has disrupted rainfall patterns in the Amazon basin
and September—was substantially below average
with some areas receiving 160 millimeters (6 inches) less rain than normal
The reduced rainfall led to a fourfold decrease in streamflow across western Amazonas
Brazil’s National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN) also noted that an area of warming in the North Atlantic may have contributed to the unusually severe drought
This warming could have further shifted rainfall patterns
intensifying the drought conditions in the Amazon region
The drought has sparked a surge in wildfires
particularly in the southern Amazon and Pantanal regions
has faced one of its worst fire seasons in decades
as reported by Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
Smoke plumes from these fires were observed by NASA’s Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) on September 3
the drought has disrupted hydroelectric power generation in Brazil and Ecuador
Impassable rivers and transportation disruptions have also made it difficult for some communities to access supplies
an Earth system scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
explained: “Low rainfall in the Pantanal during last year’s wet season predisposed this region to a greater risk of fire.”
The ongoing drought is also hampering scientific research in the Amazon basin
Some research teams working on early warning systems for diseases like malaria have been unable to access critical sites due to low water levels
As Kansara noted: “We work with colleagues in Peru
and Ecuador on an early warning forecast system for malaria who haven’t been able to access some research sites due to low water levels.”
CEMADEN has called the current drought the most intense Brazil has faced in recent history
the number of Brazilian municipalities experiencing extreme drought was projected to rise from 216 in September to 293 by the end of October
rivers in the Amazon basin fell to record-low levels due to a prolonged drought
The drought is linked to El Niño and warming in the North Atlantic
reducing rainfall and streamflow across the region
The Solimões River and several lakes and reservoirs in Brazil experienced the most significant drops
Scientific research efforts have also been hindered by the low water levels
Brazil’s CEMADEN has declared the current drought to be the most severe in the country’s history
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The white rendered façade is evocative of the Portuguese region’s vernacular tradition of simple pitched forms and white washed walls
with a playful pattern of picture frame windows
carefully positioned to optimise the internal experience
The subtle support system of concrete pad foundations enables the house to preside over the estate with marginal intervention to the landscape
A simple palette of white walls and timber floors is used throughout the interior with sleek integrated furniture concealing clutter
The bedroom integrated storage unit is in perfect alignment with door architraves
It includes playful moving elements that reveal the abstract window openings and control the daylight
Under stair storage with flush doors and minimal joints reduces the need for loose furniture in the living space
The frameless glass facade in the living room is the pièce de résistance, providing dramatic views out over the Fonte Boa estate
A frameless glass lobby appended to the entrance, slots into the dining space and aids the transition from outside to inside
The stark concrete retaining walls of the semi-sunken carpark are set in perfect alignment to the house
its elongated form providing an attenuated buffer from the main road
A generous hallway at first floor divides the two bedrooms
with the pitched ceiling creating an interior reminiscent of an art gallery
An external storage area is neatly incorporated into the carpark walls
The adjacent concrete stair draws the eye towards the entrance
The meticulous attention paid to the design of fixed furniture is prevalent throughout the house
including the kitchen storage units positioned flush with the under stair storage
Bound by the picturesque Jerumelo, Sicó and Espinhal mountains, the green Rabaçal valley in central Portugal easily evokes romantic notions of a rural idyll
It comes as no surprise that the striking new 180 sq m single family home by Coimbra based João Mendes Ribeiro Arquitecto
is taking full advantage of this remarkable setting
Located on a small estate encompassing a vineyard and olive grove
Fonte Boa House is sensitively positioned on the western edge of the plot
its linear orientation maximising daylight and views
whilst carefully interacting with the gentle rolling topography
which draws on traditional Portuguese dwellings
with a playful pattern of picture frame windows and a streamlined zinc roof
is rooted to the sloping scrubland by concrete pad foundations
this subtle support system enables the house to preside over the estate with marginal intervention to the landscape
Take an interactive tour of Fonte Boa house
The stark concrete retaining walls of the semi-sunken carpark are set in perfect alignment to the house, its elongated form providing an attenuated buffer from the main road
An external storage room is neatly incorporated next to a concrete stair that draws the eye towards the entrance
A simple palette of white walls and timber floors is used throughout the bright interior
with key features of the internal layout determining the position of the abstract window openings. Not always for view
low level windows cleverly emphasise critical junctions
however the pièce de résistance is the living room glazed wall
framing dramatic views out over the valley
The internal arrangement of each floor is organised in three parts. At ground level
a central stair and kitchen divide the dining and living space. At first floor
office and hallway divide two bedrooms
with the pitched ceiling giving the impression of an almost gallery like space
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is concealed with generously apportioned integrated furniture
The bedroom storage units align millimetre-perfect to adjacent door architraves
and the underside of the stair is filled with flush drawers and cabinets
allowing plenty of room to sit back with a glass of wine from the vineyard and appreciate the glorious setting
Photography: José Campos
Large to very large hail, damaging wind gusts, and heavy rainfall could lead to flooding. An isolated tornado is possible as well.
FORECASTSHARE PHOTOS & VIDEOStore clerk
out of hospital after two weeks by Ariana Lubelli
SAN ANTONIO — Security camera video from the A-Z Food Mart at the 4000 block of East Southcross captured terrifying moments of an apparent armed robbery
"I keep getting flashbacks about what happened and I can't really sleep good,” said Fonteboa
It happened October 11 and after two weeks in the hospital and several surgeries
Fonteboa is home recovering with his wife and four children
he dropped to the ground and tried to duck and run
“My first thought was to get just a little bit and then run for cover and as soon as I ran for cover
He then realized the pool of blood on the ground
I was thinking about my wife and kids and family and I have to be strong to get through this,” said Fonteboa
He doesn’t have medical insurance and now has thousands of dollars worth of medical bills from his two-week hospital stay
Hundreds of Catholics from various parishes across the Diocese of Tete
gathered for Mass on 12 August at the diocesan Shrine of Zobuè to honor and remember two remarkable individuals: Father João de Deus Kamtedza and Father Silvio Alves Moreira
revered as the "Martyrs of Chapotera."
This event marked the conclusion of the Diocesan phase in the cause for their beatification and canonization
Bishop Diamantino Guapo Antunes of Tete praised the two Servants of God as exceptional pastors who shared the suffering of their people
tirelessly sought peace and reconciliation
and dedicated their human and spiritual qualities to the service of God and humanity
The Bishop's words resonated deeply with the faithful who had come to remember them
The cause for beatification started on 20 November 2021 and included an extensive inquiry led by a commission appointed by the Bishop of Tete
the commission meticulously interviewed contemporary witnesses who had known Father João de Deus Kamtedza and Father Silvio Alves Moreira during their lifetimes
These individuals provided valuable insights into the lives
and reputation of these two Servants of God
were compiled into a comprehensive dossier spanning 1,500 pages
The next step in the beatification process involved sealing the dossier and sending it in sealed containers to the representative of the Apostolic Nunciature in Mozambique
Bishop Anthony would subsequently forward the dossier to the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints at the Vatican for further examination
The poignant story of these two Jesuit priests dates back to 30 October 1985 when they met a tragic fate near their mission house in Chapotera
Father João de Deus Gonçalves Kamtedza
1930 in Angonia within the province of Tete
in 1953 and was ordained a priest on 15 August 1964 in the Lifidzi Mission
His dedication to the evangelization of his people took him to various missions
where he wholeheartedly embraced the culture
In 1983 he moved to Chapotera where he continued to provide pastoral care to the Lifidzi and Chabwalo Missions
born on 16 April 1941 in Rio Meão-Vila da Feira
entered the Jesuit seminary in 1952 and professed his religious vows in 1959
After theological studies at the Catholic University of Lisbon from 1968 to 1972
he was ordained a priest in Covilhã
Father Moreira began his missionary journey in the Diocese of Tete
working initially at the Zobuè seminary and later in the parish of Matundo
serving primarily in the parish of Amparo in Matola
He returned to the Diocese of Tete in September 1984 taking on roles in Satemwa
and finally the Lifidzi Mission in Chapotera
Father Silvio was known for his courageous and enterprising spirit
and his ability to find joy even amid its hardships and risks
on 30 October 1985 he and Father João de Deus Kamtedza fell victim to the long and bloody civil war that afflicted the people of Mozambique and its Catholic communities
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A group of Brazilian teens recently brought some of their culture to campers at the Family Y's Camp Lakeside
The group spent about three weeks helping lead campers
"They have so much energy," said Taffy Kruger
Leticia Fonte Boa -- are from Belo Horizonte
home to about 2.4 million people and the capital of Brazil's largest state
They are one of five groups volunteering at Family Y or similar organizations around Georgia as part of Youth Experience International
is a volunteer exchange and capacity-building program designed to encourage international exchange
"It's a little bit of an adjustment period for us because it is winter in Brazil," Ema said
She said winter temperatures in her country average between 55 and 60 degrees
The teens spent more than a week living with host families in Lincoln County and working as camp counselors during the day
they spent a week staying at the camp full-time with other counselors
"It's beautiful," Filipe said of the rural landscape surrounding the camp on Thurmond Lake
The teens were pleasantly surprised by all the trees
considering they are from a large urban metropolis
They're helping lead small groups of campers
Filipe is learning lots of new sports as he leads the sporting group
They all appreciate dips in the lake as reprieves from the heat
The group mastered the Southern term "y'all" and enjoyed using it
"We did not learn that in English classes," Ema said
Daniela said she enjoys the sing-song lilt of the Southern English dialect
The teens were told to expect to be a little sick from the drastically different cuisine
Lalá said she particularly likes sweet tea
They are used to having the largest meal of the day at lunch and a light
"The breakfast is kind of weird because we have coffee and bread
bacon and that kind of stuff," Daniela said
the teens said they are enjoying their camp stay and working with the children
"They've definitely been a blessing this summer," Kruger said
adding that the volunteers are great with the young campers
the teens are staying with host families in the Augusta area and spending time touring the local sites
including the Augusta Canal Interpretive Center
the Morris Museum of Art and a Petersburg Boat ride
said about 75 teens go through three months of training and only about 25 lucky ones are chosen for the trip abroad
She understands how important a volunteer trip is for the teens
"It is the first time for most of them in the South
and in this group and truly experiencing," Fonte Boa said
they won't be heading home to Brazil right away
Many of the teenagers don't plan to make this trip their last to the United States
"I would really like (to come back)," Ema said
"There's a lot of places I would really like to visit."
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MercoPress, en Español
Montevideo, May 5th 2025 - 13:26 UTC
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Tuesday signed the documents providing for the demarcation of two indigenous lands in the States of Acre and Amazonas
It was also the last step before the final regularization of the areas
Lula approved the measure on territories in Rio Gregório
an area traditionally occupied by the Katukina and Yawanawá peoples
characterized as being occupied by the Kokama people
attended by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
the federal government announced a series of measures
including the approval of two indigenous lands and the allocation of public lands for new conservation units
The Amazon is in a hurry to survive the devastation caused by those people who don't want to see the future
and have the strength to face the droughts that climate change has already begun to bring, the president said
we're going to have the big climate meeting in Amazonas
Everyone on planet Earth is talking about the Amazon
it will be the first time that the Amazon will tell the world about its importance, Lula also pointed out
Protecting our territories means guaranteeing our indigenous lives
and facing climate emergencies, said Indigenous Peoples Minister Sônia Guajaja
but we protect 82% of the world's biodiversity
And a large part of this preservation is within the Amazon territory, she also said
we need to have our lives and rights guaranteed, she added
Paralyzed throughout Bolsonaro's government
the demarcation of indigenous lands has resumed under the current administration
President Lula had already signed the demarcation of six territories in April this year
the territories of Arara do Rio Amônia
The National Foundation for Indigenous Peoples (FUNAI) currently records 761 indigenous lands
These areas represent approximately 13.75% of Brazil's territory and are located in all biomes
There are 44 delimited areas and 137 under study for demarcation
there are around 478 claims by indigenous peoples under prior analysis by FUNAI
President Lula also announced Tuesday a series of land actions
including the resumption of the Technical Chamber for the Allocation and Land Regularization of Federal Rural Public Lands
to advance the social allocation of around 50 million hectares of federal land not yet allocated
deforestation alerts in the Legal Amazon fell by 66.11% in August
the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) announced Tuesday following the release of the latest data by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA)
In the first seven months of this government
we saw a 42% reduction in deforestation [in the Amazon]
we had a 66.11% reduction in deforestation and a 47.5% reduction in the number of hotspots in the Amazon
compared to August 2022, said Minister Marina Silva during an event at the Planalto Palace while announcing new steps to protect the biome
The Legal Amazon encompasses the states of Acre
and Tocantins and a part of Maranhão
Silva also spoke of a 42% reduction in deforestation in the Atlantic Forest from January to May
according to data from the SOS Mata Atlântica Foundation
the recent figures show a reversal of the deforestation trend seen in recent months
The Cerrado was on a very strong deforestation trend
We are balancing and pushing this curve down
thanks to a partnership with the state governments, she said
because more than 60% of the Amazon is within its territory
the future of humanity and the world's living conditions depended on Brazil
It's a realistic and even scientific realization of the enormous responsibility that lies with Brazilian society and governments
If we fail to protect the forest and its peoples
we will condemn the world to a brutal increase in CO2 [carbon dioxide] in the atmosphere and rising temperatures, she said
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portuguese architect joão mendes ribeiro‘s recently completed ‘house in fonte boa’
a two-storey single family residence based on a small estate located in cantral portugal’s rabaçal valley
the property is located on the west side of the land
the precise location solidifies the building’s positioning on the sloped terrain
a concrete block supports the structure from the sloped topography
comprised of a rectangular volume with a zinc-lined pitched roof
the form mimics the shape of the traditional housing typography
the volume detaches itself from the slope with a concrete base which internally
a succession of platforms leads to the entrance of the home which has been organized in three parts: utility
a timber cabinet-cum-staircase provides a connection between the two floors
while reinforcing the longitudinal direction of the house
a relationship between the interiors and the exteriors is consistent
addressed by a series of big and small openings; the differing sizes intensifying view and daylight
the single large window interrupts the white façade
a succession of platforms leads to the entrance of the house
a glass windbreak room protects the entrance of the house
the kitchen and staircase reinforces the longitudinal organization of the interior
the large window frames the green mountainside
the staircase leads upstairs and acts as a storage system at the same time
the bedrooms are located on the second floor
AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function
but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style
May 27, 2019JPEG
The Juruá River emerges from highlands in east-central Peru
then winds its way through lowlands in Brazil
By the time it empties into the Amazon River near Fonte Boa
the river course spans more than 3000 kilometers (2,000 miles)
the distance between the river’s source and mouth is only about 1000 kilometers (600 miles)
Note the abundance of oxbow lakes flanking the river. These form when parts of wide, curved meanders—oxbows—grow so close together that the river breaks through the bank and creates a more direct route
NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey
View this area in EO Explorer
Heavy sediment loads play a role in making it one of the most sinuous rivers in the Amazon Basin
Lowland rivers that carry large volumes of sediment are on the move
Most of the sediment that flows into the Atlantic Ocean from the mouth of the river comes from thousands of miles upstream
Two rivers meet near the port city of Santarém in the interior of Brazil
The course of the Maniqui and other small rivers in the Amazon Basin can shift dramatically in just a few years
Sol Duc Cabin
this compact cabin is the latest triumph in a series of small structures by Olson Kundig Architects
Sol Duc Cabin
The cabin's position and open façade provide the occupants with unimpeded views of the surrounding wilderness
The Sol Duc Cabin is made of steel panels that give it a hermetic
Sol Duc Cabin\nThese aren’t
mere aesthetic elements – they shield the structure from the region's occasional severe weather conditions
while opening up to offer more light when required
Sol Duc Cabin\nTo add to its ‘near-indestructability’
the house is elevated on four steel pillars
Sol Duc Cabin\nIn contrast to its robust exterior
the cabin’s interiors are warmly clad with leftover wood
Sol Duc Cabin\nThey were designed in a simple layout
where the living room and kitchen are located on the lofty lower level
Sol Duc Cabin\nThe covered balcony offers a sheltered area to enjoy the views
Pobble House\nDesigned by Guy Holloway Architects
Pobble House is sited within the sparse Dungeness headland
Pobble House\nThree simple forms – clad in larch
respectively – define the house's volumes and add character
Pobble House\nA glazed sliding door cornering the open-plan kitchen and living room
allows direct connection with the outdoors
the sliding door is completely concealed by wall pockets
Pobble House\nInside
the living space fully absorbs the sparse natural surroundings
Pobble House\nA linear corridor arranges further interior spaces
leading you from living spaces to private bedrooms
Pobble House\nDiscreet furnishings and neutral tones continue throughout the home's three bedrooms
with picturesque window views allowing maximum daylight to infiltrate
Pobble House\nEquipped with facilities and space for up to ten guests
the house fits both purpose and surroundings ideally (it's also available to rent)
Pobble House\nMinimal furniture achieves considerate interior spaces
which do not detract attention from the expansive views surrounding them
A glazed insert within the dining area frames the Dungeness nuclear power station perfectly
Pobble House\nRespectful of both the existing local community and surrounding nature
the structure's external materiality anticipates a visible
an eventual consolidation with the colours of the Dungeness landscape will be achieved
Pobble House\nA combination of timber-frame construction
synthetic waterproofing and durable exterior cladding makes for a very robust structure indeed
Fonte Boa House\nThe subtle support system of concrete pad foundations enables the house to preside over the estate with marginal intervention to the landscape
Fonte Boa House\nA simple palette of white walls and timber floors is used throughout the interior
with sleek integrated furniture concealing clutter
Fonte Boa House\nThe integrated bedroom storage unit is in perfect alignment with door architraves
It includes playful moving elements that reveal the abstract window openings and control the daylight
Fonte Boa House \nUnder stair storage with flush doors and minimal joints reduces the need for loose furniture in the living space
The Houl \nThe main living area of the Dumfriesshire house
Chilmark Guest House\nThe 800 sq ft structure comfortably incorporates two bedrooms with en-suite bathrooms
Chilmark Guest House\nThe choice of materials helps enhance the outdoors experience
as well as the light and delicate nature of the building
Chilmark Guest House\nSide façade of the house
Chilmark Guest House\nSeparating the two bedrooms is a kitchen
Normandy House\nSmall but perfectly formed and constructed on a tight budget
the building was created as a family holiday home
Normandy House\nThe design is minimal
with two sole windows cut out on two sides of the structure and a large set of glass doors
balancing out the otherwise blind dark volume
Normandy House\nA protruding white frame further highlights the openings
contrasting the cube's overall black tinted wood cladding
Normandy House\nThe property is fitted with high quality thermal insulation that significantly improves its energy performance
Normandy House\nThe result is an efficient home with a quiet minimalism at its core
Alpine Barn\nThe Treviso-based architects took two years to complete the family holiday home
Alpine Barn\nThey removed the historical wooden elements and structural joints of the existing structure for cleaning and restoring
and opened up the interior layout to create a spacious living area on the top floor
they reinforced the building with a steel structure
Alpine Barn\nLooking down to the ground floor
Alpine Barn\nOne of the bedrooms of the family home
Alpine Barn\nBunk beds on the ground floor
Wood Cabin\nFounded by Silvia Schellenberg-Thaut and Sebastian Thaut
Atelier St have created a wooden cabin deep in the pinewoods of the March of Brandenburg
Wood Cabin\nNestled between the tree trunks
dark wood façade and little chimney
the external appearance of this weekend hideaway is intended to awaken fairytale associations
Wood Cabin\nThe exterior is clad in a dark brown glazed pinewood sheathing
Wood Cabin\nBig picture windows flood the cabin with light
Wood Cabin\nA ladder leads up to a gallery level above the windows
Wood Cabin\nThe cabin factors two bedrooms and one bathroom
Call it the effect of 'cabin porn' or urban fatigue
but the fascination with the rustic retreat has never been higher
While our attachment to technology might once have precluded us from dipping into the off-the-grid lifestyle
the pendulum has swung toward a predilection for timber-clad bedrooms
elegant woodstoves and enchanting loft ladders
Sol Duc Cabin
Sol Duc Cabin
The Sol Duc Cabin is made of steel panels that give it a hermetic, bunker-like look when shut
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Ellie Stathaki is the Architecture & Environment Director at Wallpaper*
She trained as an architect at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece and studied architectural history at the Bartlett in London
she has been a member of the Wallpaper* team since 2006
visiting buildings across the globe and interviewing leading architects such as Tadao Ando and Rem Koolhaas
Ellie has also taken part in judging panels
such as The Contemporary House (Thames & Hudson
Glenn Sestig Architecture Diary (2020) and House London (2022)
The Americas
it can measure up to 3m long and weigh more than 200kg: Meet the pirarucu
one of the world’s largest freshwater fish that is native to the Amazon
is now on dinner plates in Rio de Janeiro’s fanciest restaurants
thanks to a number of chefs who have championed the delicacy and the indigenous communities who ensure its continued survival
there would be nothing left,” said Frederic Monnier
the head chef at the city’s hip Brasserie Rosario
“What they’re doing for the Amazon is priceless,” added Jessica Trindade
an institution in the city’s restaurant scene
Chef Marcelo Barcellos uses pirarucu in his moqueca
a fish stew swimming in palm oil and seasoned with coriander that is a signature Brazilian dish originating in the northeastern state of Bahia
Served with a toasted cassava flour mixture and nuts that come straight from the Amazon basin
the moqueca delights foodies’ taste buds and eyes
as the white fish contrasts with the yellow flour and green spices
The taste is akin to that of other saltwater whitefish like pollock or cod
the executive chef and owner of the restaurant Barsa
is one of several Rio de Janeiro chefs who have happily added pirarucu to his menu
before pirarucu made it to the top tables in the “Marvelous City,” Arapaima gigas — or Amazonian cod
as it is sometimes called — almost vanished from menus
It was brought back from the brink of extinction thanks to the establishment at a nature preserve of a sustainable fishing program with strict quotas
Pirarucu can only be fished from July to November
Raising the pirarucu’s profile with Rio de Janeiro’s top chefs has certainly helped
The Taste of the Amazon project has helped do that
nine chefs traveled to northern Brazil to observe how the Paumari community has established sustainable practices for harvesting pirarucu
Through their contact with the indigenous fishermen
the chefs learned which parts of the fish are the best
without that earthy taste that some freshwater fish have,” Trindade said
For Ricardo Lapeyre of the Michelin-starred Laguiole Lab
He figured he would take the trip just to learn a bit more about how to cook the fish and bring some new ingredients back to his kitchen
“It’s a superior fish — the quality is largely superior to what we get from fish farms,” he said
“I became aware of the importance of the forest and the support given to projects that benefit local populations.”
the cooperative that manages the sustainable fishing of the pirarucu
was pleasantly surprised with how interested the chefs were to take part in the project
their understanding of how this fish is good for the Amazon and the need to pay fishermen properly,” Dias said
The sustainable fishing project for the pirarucu was put in place 20 years ago
from about 2,500 in 1999 to more than 190,000 last year
the fishermen are paid 7 reais (US$1.75) per kilo
compared with the 4 reais they could count on by selling in local markets
restaurants pay a whopping 48 reais per kilo because of transportation costs
Leonardo Kurihara — the coordinator of Operation Native Amazon (OPAN)
which is overseeing the Taste of the Amazon initiative — said that chefs are vital
because “they are at the other end of the chain
said that the initiative has cleared the way for new markets for the pirarucu
“Sustainable fishing helps preserve the environment
and reinforces the autonomy and clear identity of traditional communities,” Rossoni said
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The gravel shoe has laces and a breathable upper; a carbon sole and tensioner wrap system keep it snug on the the foot
working in marketing strategy for brands like Fizik
“I always had a dream and passion to start my own brand,” Fonte says
Launching a business during the height of the Covid pandemic may have seemed like a fool’s errand at the time
He dove deep into a year of heavy product development (although his idea had been well-marinated)
and in early 2022 he launched Udog and its first product
Udog is bringing its third shoe to market with the Distanza gravel shoe
and a generous toe box paired with a narrow and deep heel cup
but Fonte isn’t worried about taking the long shot
“the sport expression that identifies an athlete in competition who is not expected to win
but still captures the passion of the fans
While the Distanza is Udog’s first foray into the globally growing gravel market
the shoe bears all of the same characteristics of its forebears (the Tensione and the Cima)
While it’s hard to imagine that a shoe closure system would cause much consternation
but “we wanted to present a product that would stand out from the crowd and work with new materials and new system,” he says
He lists several pros and cons to using laces
mostly functional and some having to do with fashion
“You can use softer material on the upper because you don’t have to attach hard parts [like a BOA dia],” Fonte says
You can have a nicer fit on your shoes because in between the upper and your foot
you have 18 points of contact with the eyelet for the right amount of tension
“In general it’s a lighter shoe because you don’t have BOAS
we don’t go to restaurants or bars in BOAs.”
are significant but not insurmountable for certain riders
Laces can’t be adjusted on the fly like BOA dials
so a rider can’t tighten their shoes before a sprint or fiddle with them while riding
the type of laces Udog uses aren’t an afterthought
“We work hard to find the perfect laces that work well for this application,” Fonte says
Another standout characteristics of Udog’s shoes
Two tensioners pass through the upper of the shoe
over the outsole to envelope the foot from the bottom to the top
The system is designed to enable a more controlled transfer of power from foot to pedal
“allowing the shoe to follow your feet when pulling up,” Fonte says
The Distanza has a knit upper and carbon sole
The combination — soft and stiff — provides flexibility
As for more marriage of function and fashion
the Distanza’s outsole features a molded sticky rubber that wraps over the toe and around the heel
Fonte says this is for increased durability and protection on the most rugged terrain
Both models of the Distanza have carbon in the sole; the $240 version is reinforced with it
while the $334 pair has a fully rigid carbon outsole
“I wanted to bring some of the Italian style into the shoes
“Even though in term of performance and shape
the shoes are really America or international-oriented
The large toe box was inspired by American brands
it has an international or American flavor
The high heel cup that’s very snug creates a great grip.”
I wore the Distanza on a few rides in Patagonia
a place where the terrain provided opportunities to test all its features
The gravel roads around Patagonia range from fast and rolling to chunky and technical
As a BOA dial convert I was very open to having my mind changed
the Distanza really does have the best lace-up system I’ve tried
I’ve found that I can’t get them snug enough
The soft knit upper of the Distanza really allowed me to cinch the laces tightly
But would the flex of the knit upper come to haunt me while mashing the pedals
The combination of the stiff carbon sole and the knit upper is truly pulled together by the tension wrap system
I didn’t feel like my foot was coming out of the shoe; rather
I felt like my foot was moving with the pedal
I imagine that these would be great shoes for hike-a-bike terrain and could totally be used for some mountain biking
They’re certainly nicer to walk around in than other full-carbon bike shoes I have
I wore my normal size 40 and found that they fit a bit long
This might have been the impression I got because of the deep-heel cup
and I suspect that I need to try them with the factory inserts to get the intended result
the “large toe box” doesn’t feel that large at all
The shoes drew a lot of attention from the other cycling journalists I was with down in Patagonia
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Berkeley on Wednesday described the unique structure and impressive properties of the dermal armor of the fish
They said their findings can help guide development of better body armor for people as well as applications in aerospace design.The fish
gets up to 10 feet (3 meters) long and weighs up to 440 pounds (200 kg)
a fish that can breathe air and survive up to a day outside of the water
incredible bite strength and deadly feeding frenzies.There long has been an evolutionary arms race in which predators develop ways to kill - like sharp teeth - and other animals develop ways to stay alive like the dermal armor seen in various fish
possess all the best attributes of a bullet-proof vest
but the elements are better integrated into one solid piece combining imperviousness and flexibility."Such lightweight and tough materials like fish scales are the sexy topics that materials scientists are pursuing," said Wen Yang
a UCSD materials scientist who helped lead the study published in the journal Matter."It is true that the natural armor is similar to artificial body armor because of the similar scale overlapping system
the natural armor such as these fish scales is tough and much lighter
without impeding body flexibility and locomotion," Yang added
"Remember that the fish scales were developed through hundreds of millions of years
They are very advanced."The researchers conducted laboratory tests of the scales.The scales
have a hard mineralized outer layer to resist penetration that is bound to a tough-but-flexible inner layer by collagen – the main structural protein in skin and other connective tissues in the body.This structure means the scales can become deformed when bitten by a piranha but are not torn
protecting the fish from injury."We were able to see how the collagen fibers deform without a catastrophic failure including the mechanisms of twisting
delamination," Yang said.The study was backed by the U.S
Air Force Office of Scientific Research.Reporting by Will Dunham; Editing by Sandra Maler
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