The Commerce Union of Franco da Rocha and Região has been awarded the UNI Global Union Breaking Through Award for its efforts to organize Amazon warehouse workers in São Paulo, marking a significant step in the fight to improve working conditions in Brazil’s e-commerce sector.
Working with UNI Americas and the Commerce Workers Union of São Paulo, the Franco da Rocha union launched a campaign in 2022 to build worker support at an Amazon distribution centre. The initiative has since seen hundreds of workers join the union and participate in mapping surveys to identify key workplace issues.
“As an Amazon employee and a newly elected union director, I’m proud that we’re breaking barriers, supporting a global fight to improve conditions for workers at the company and within e-commerce in general,” said Heron Alves, a member of the union’s Board of Directors.
Since the campaign began, the Franco da Rocha union has reported several key developments:
The union has now submitted its bargaining priorities to Amazon, aiming to negotiate the region’s first bilateral agreement for Amazon workers.
The award underscores the union’s work to defend labour rights within one of the most anti-union corporations in the world.
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Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Firefighters remove the body of a landslide victim after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan 31, 2022. At least 19 people have died in cities in the interior of Brazil’s largest state, Sao Paulo, after landslides caused by heavy rains that have hit the region since Saturday. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
A firefighter and a search dog look for landslide victims after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan 31, 2022. At least 19 people have died in cities in the interior of Brazil’s largest state, Sao Paulo, after landslides caused by heavy rains that have hit the region since Saturday. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
Firefighters search for people in the rubble of a residential area after heavy rains triggered a landslide in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan. 31, 2022. Landslides and flooding caused by heavy rains have killed over a dozen people and forced about 500,000 families from their homes, authorities said. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
Firefighters look at a car destroyed by a landslide after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan 31, 2022. At least 19 people have died in cities in the interior of Brazil’s largest state, Sao Paulo, after landslides caused by heavy rains that have hit the region since Saturday. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
Firefighters remove the body of a landslide victim from a destroyed house after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan 31, 2022. At least 19 people have died in cities in the interior of Brazil’s largest state, Sao Paulo, after landslides caused by heavy rains that have hit the region since Saturday. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
A firefighter walks down stairs in a narrow pedestrian street between homes where a stretcher covers a home’s door during a search for people in the rubble of a residential area after heavy rain triggered a landslide in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan. 31, 2022. Landslides and flooding caused by heavy rains have killed over a dozen people and forced about 500,000 families from their homes, authorities said. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
A volunteer searches for people in the rubble after heavy rain triggered a landslide in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan. 31, 2022. Landslides and flooding caused by heavy rains have killed over a dozen people and forced about 500,000 families from their homes, authorities said. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
Firefighters search for landslide victims after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Monday, Jan 31, 2022. At least 19 people have died in cities in the interior of Brazil’s largest state, Sao Paulo, after landslides caused by heavy rains that have hit the region since Saturday. (AP Photo/Marcelo Chello)
FRANCO DA ROCHA, Brazil (AP) — The death toll from landslides and flooding set off by heavy rains in Brazil’s Sao Paulo state reached 24 on Monday as firefighters continued pulling bodies from the mud.
Brazil’s most populous state was blasted with rain over the weekend, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced from their homes. The death toll had stood at 19 late Sunday, according to a statement from the civil defense authority.
”(I’m looking for) my nephew, his wife and a 2-year-old child,” Cicero Pereira, 54, told The Associated Press beside a disaster site in the city of Franco da Rocha. “They said the bodies are still there under the mud, but until now they couldn’t recover them.”
Nelito Santos Bonfim, a 69-year-old resident, told AP he barely escaped with his life.
“When I started running, the debris fell all over me,” Bonfim said. “I got hurt, but found a hole and, thanks to God, I managed to escape. But my father is still there.”
A total 27 cities were affected, of which Franco da Rocha suffered the greatest loss of life. Gov. João Doria used a helicopter to survey damaged areas Sunday and announced the equivalent of $2.8 million in financial aid to affected cities.
Alessandro Lima de Freitas, a coordinator for firefighters working to retrieve bodies, updated his list of missing people in Franco da Rocha. He told reporters that the concentration of rain was much heavier than locals are used to.
Southeastern Brazil has been punished with heavy rains since the start of the year, with 19 deaths recorded in Minas Gerais state earlier this month.
At least 19 people have died in cities in the interior of Brazil's largest state, Sao Paulo, after landslides caused by heavy rains that have hit the region since Saturday.
Firefighters look at a car destroyed by a landslide after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan 31, 2022.
Citizens help firefighters remove mud in search of victims after a landslide caused by heavy rains buried homes in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
A firefighter and a search dog look for landslide victims after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan 31, 2022.
People are seen during the search of victims after a landslide caused by heavy rains buried homes in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
Firefighters and volunteers look for victims of a landslide after heavy rain in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
Firefighters search for landslide victims after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan 31, 2022.
A bulldozer carries people across a flooded street after heavy rains in Caieiras, Brazil, Jan. 30, 2022.
People observe a flooded street after heavy rain in Caieiras, Brazil, Jan. 30, 2022.
Firefighters remove the body of a landslide victim from a destroyed house after heavy rains in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
A firefighter walks downstairs in a narrow pedestrian street between homes where a stretcher covers a home's door during a search for people in the rubble of a residential area after heavy rain triggered a landslide in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
Firefighters search for people in the rubble of a residential area after heavy rains triggered a landslide in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
A flooded soccer field is seen after heavy rains in Caieiras, Brazil, Jan. 30, 2022.
A house’s gate is seen broken by flooding after heavy rains in Caieiras, Brazil, Jan. 30, 2022.
People stand in a flooded street after heavy rain in Caieiras, Brazil, Jan. 30, 2022.
Firefighters from Sao Paulo state use a dog to find victims after a landslide caused by heavy rains buried homes in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
A citizens helps firefighters remove mud in search of victims after a landslide caused by heavy rains buried homes in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
A car stands on a flooded street after heavy rain in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
A woman picks up fruits from the ground after heavy rain caused flooding in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
Volunteers wait for their turn to look for victims of a landslide after heavy rain in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
Fruits and vegetables lay on a muddy ground after heavy rain caused flooding in Franco da Rocha, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, Jan. 31, 2022.
SPINDALE, N.C. (AP) — An evangelical North Carolina sect that is the focus of an ongoing Associated Press investigation has issued a statement denying former members' allegations that they were brought to the U.S. from congregations in Brazil and forced to work for little or no pay.
The statement, issued by Word of Faith Fellowship attorney Josh Farmer, comes a week after the AP published reports about what dozens of former members described as a human pipeline from two churches in Brazil to the sect's headquarters in rural Spindale, North Carolina.
Word of Faith Fellowship and both churches in Brazil had not responded to numerous requests for comment before publication of the AP's stories.
Many of the former followers interviewed by the AP first traveled to the U.S. when they were very young and described being so indoctrinated that they felt they had no choice but to follow the church's orders.
Last week's stories — based on accounts of dozens of former congregants, a review of police reports and interviews with authorities in Brazil and the United States — also detailed how Word of Faith Fellowship took command of its two Brazilian congregations over the course of many years, instilling its rigid doctrine in Ministerio Evangelico Comunidade Rhema church in Franco da Rocha and Ministerio Verbo Vivo church in Sao Joaquim de Bicas.
The former members who traveled to the U.S. told the AP they were forced to work on church property or at businesses owned by senior sect leaders, and physically or verbally assaulted. The Brazilians often spoke little English when they arrived, and many said they had their passports seized.
Many males worked in construction; many females worked as babysitters and in the church's K-12 school, the former members said. One ex-congregant from Brazil told AP she was only 12 the first time she was put to work.
Word of Faith Fellowship was founded in North Carolina in 1979 by Jane Whaley, a former math teacher, and her husband, Sam. It has branches in Brazil and Ghana, along with affiliations in other countries.
The revelations of forced labor are the latest in AP's investigation exposing years of abuse at the church. Based on exclusive interviews with 43 former members, documents and secretly made recordings, the AP reported in February that congregants were regularly punched, smacked and choked in an effort to "purify" sinners by beating out devils.
The church has rarely been sanctioned, despite numerous inquiries. Another previous AP report outlined how congregants were ordered by sect leaders to lie to authorities investigating allegations of abuse.
Copyright 2017 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Volume 3 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.670985
This article is part of the Research TopicUrban Greening in the Global South: Green Gentrification and BeyondView all 13 articles
This article explores the relationship between legal frameworks
and environment in the context of metropolitan fringes
The focus of study is the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin
a strategic territory for the ecosystemic balance of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMP)
This region is also home to critical natural remnants and watersources protected by Law and encompasses smaller cities undergoing intense urbanization out of step with prevailing instruments of urban and environmental planning
The article examines the limits and challenges of the urban and environmental instruments proposed for a section of the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin
particularly those lying within the protected area for Spring recovery (Alto Juquery)
It is assumed that municipal Master Plans and the Specific Law for Protection and Recovery of Springs (State Law 15.790/2015) should be within the framework of an integrated planning process
in which sustainability is systemic and has multiple dimensions
A qualitative assessment methodology was adopted that covers four dimensions of sustainability (political
and socioeconomic) in an analysis of the urban instruments of the cities of Caieiras
and of the environmental instrument—the Specific State Law for the Protection and Recovery of Springs
The study sought to determine how these instruments articulate and incorporate these dimensions to promote strategies contributing to sustainable development and addressing socio-spatial inequalities in the region
although the instruments analyzed addressed
the dimensions of sustainability defined for the study
The planning process should be reviewed to provide an integrated vision of regional scope to value the territory
environmental heritage and local communities
In the case of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (SPMP)
Brazil's foremost and largest metropolis
its fringe areas endowed with significant natural remnants are invariably occupied by peripheral districts of the host city (São Paulo) and by smaller towns that have higher geometric population growth rates than those of the capital city
In the northern portion of the SPMP (Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin)
the empirical focus of the present article
there is evident intense demographic growth with the presence of precarious settlements hand in hand with existing or planned major real estate
road and infrastructure projects for the region
Implementing these projects without considering socio-spatial inequalities or incorporating an integrated vision of environmental attributes can have dire consequences
These consequences impact the cities that make up the region and the metropolis as a whole
especially with regard to water resources (quality and quantity)
since part of the sub-basin encompasses an area of regionally listed springs and other environmentally protected areas
As part of a larger study
this article defends the importance of urban and environmental planning that considers social asymmetries in its scope and addresses the multiple dimensions of sustainability from a systemic perspective
It is assumed that urban and environmental planning instruments should be part of an integrated planning process
This article aims to discuss the limits and challenges of the urban and environmental instruments proposed for a section of the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin
This study investigates the environmental instruments governing the Area of Protection and Recovery of Springs—Alto Juquery
A qualitative evaluation methodology is proposed that covers four dimensions of sustainability (political
territorial and socioeconomic) to determine how the selected instruments articulate and incorporate these dimensions to promote strategies that contribute to sustainable development and address socio-spatial inequalities in the region
Although a growing number of studies indicate high levels of environmental degradation and the need for new development paths in several areas of knowledge
there is no consensus on the meaning of “sustainability.” On the contrary
sustainability is a developing concept and the focus of a dispute encompassing authors from different spectrums
In the research that gave rise to this article, the concept of sustainability adopted was that addressed by two seminal authors: Sachs (2009) and Magnaghi (1999, 2011)
Both these authors contribute to the idea of sustainability from an integrated and systemic standpoint
defending that sustainability has multiple dimensions beyond environmental aspects
The architect Magnaghi (1999, 2011)
one of the Italian territorialist school's leading theorists
contributes with a definition that is more focused on urbanism
understanding sustainability from an integrated perspective
valuing local development and the importance of territory
Magnaghi establishes five sustainability dimensions: the social dimension
territorial dimension and the political dimension
Table 1 synthesizes the definitions of the authors for the multiple dimensions of sustainability
Table 1. Dimensions of sustainability according to Magnaghi (2011) and Sachs (2009)
The dimensions listed by Sachs (2009) and Magnaghi (2011) have several similarities and convergences
Although Sachs takes a broader perspective and Magnaghi a more applied approach to territorial planning
both authors view sustainability from a systemic and interdependent perspective
“sustainability” is not seen as a mere environmental or sectoral issue
but as a relational problem with multiple dimensions
Alvim (2003), corroborating with Magnaghi (1999)
argues that redefining sustainability in the ambit of urban planning calls for the notion of territory as a living space for society and its pre-existences
The territorial approach seeks to address the problems surrounding territory with a multidisciplinary focus
and socioeconomic heritage in local dimensions through community empowerment
When evaluating urban and environmental instruments in a water-producing region with rapid urban growth and marked socioeconomic inequalities
the valuing of the territory and the society residing within it based on democratic and citizenship practices should be considered determinants for the sustainability of these public policies
The sustainability concept that underpins the analysis in this article is aligned with this systemic vision and applied to territorial planning
aiming to construct sustainable territories
Despite recognizing the importance of each of the sustainability dimensions developed by the authors and their intersections
this article lists those elements that are potentially more adequate to support an analysis of urban and environmental legislation
The dimensions were listed according to major themes
seeking to pool elements (qualitative indicators) that corroborate an integrated analysis
it is understood that the construction of sustainable territories involves the incorporation of citizenship and participation principles in the planning and management process
the political dimension of sustainability assumes a fundamental role because it must counter the culture of social polarization
self-government and the strengthening of the local community should be encouraged
allowing mediation and resolution of disputes
and collectively generating a future project for this society
This type of organization does not extinguish the conflicting interests of the community
the mediation of its conflicts must be based on understanding and valuing collective interests over individual interests
when thinking about the construction of sustainable habitats
the socioeconomic dimension should be considered
toward promoting a low-carbon economy and just income distribution
allied with equal access to resources and services
based on the participation and balance of forces of various actors in society
it seeks to strengthen the social bond between the State
aiming to value the territory and create job opportunities and income generation for the local community
Under a systemic view, the environmental dimension of sustainability should not be based on a corrective logic but aim at establishing a healthy relationship between human settlements and the environment. In this respect, it is fundamental to seek territories from low carbon matrices and encourage the closing of water, energy, solid waste and food cycles at local and regional levels (Sachs, 2009; Magnaghi, 2011)
Given the goal of reducing pollutant emissions
the movement of people and goods should be minimized and local consumption encouraged
the environment is not interpreted as a mere source of economic support
There is an attempt to establish virtuous relationships between the natural environment
and distribution of activities/functions within the territory
The territorial dimension aims to promote the local community's “reterritorialization” with its territory by establishing virtuous production and reproduction rules
dispersed and organized as a function of supporting the economic activities of circulation
Given the level of deforestation and environmental degradation
city planning must prevent land consumption
recover abandoned areas and value local heritage (cultural and ecological) and public spaces
The built environment should be based on multi-center systems
replacing the center-periphery logic and creating balanced urban and rural relations
The administrative structure defined in the Law comprised the State Council of Hydrological Resources
formed by the State Secretariats or their representatives; by representatives of the cities within the hydrographic basins
The Hydrological Resources Management Units (UGRHIs) of the State of São Paulo were derived from this landmark legislation
Within the scope of the Upper Tietê Watershed
four specific laws were enacted between 2006 and 2016
which defined the Area of Protection and Recovery of Springs—Alto Juquery (APRM-AJ)
The specific legislation's approval required that the cities located within the spring preservation area make their Master Plans compatible with the guidelines set out in the Law and the new environmental zoning regulations of each sub-basin
none of the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin cities that make up the APRM-AJ (State Law 15.790/2015) have made their Master Plans compatible with the Specific Law
following the precepts of the 1988 Federal Constitution
urban policy is the responsibility of the municipal authorities
and the Master Plan is the main instrument in urban development
and mandatory for cities with over 20,000 inhabitants (articles 182 and 183 of the Federal Constitution)
Article 25 of the Federal Constitution stipulates that the States
planning and execution of public functions of common interest
environmental policies are the joint responsibility of the three federative entities (Union
and Municipalities) that must promote the protection of the environment and water resources (article 20 of the Federal Constitution)
According to Alvim et al. (2008)
although the Brazilian legislation governing environmental
urban and hydrological policies is considered advanced
the challenge of building paths that equate the main conflicts to render this integration feasible prevails
The integration of principles with a view to promoting sustainability in a given territory depends on effective articulation with other policies that affect it
a negotiated process between government bodies
institutional sectors and players that arbitrate conflicts and multiple interfaces
Figure 1. Hydrographic sub-basins of the Alto Tietê Hydrographic Basin highlighting the Juqueri-Cantareira Sub-basin. Data source: São Paulo State Secretariat for the Environment. Available at: http://datageo.ambiente.sp.gov.br
These sites constitute an extensive group of important works
which tell part of the State's history and that of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo
Many of these sites are linked to the railroad or the industrial development period of the cities
Figure 2. Juqueri-Cantareira Sub-basin: APRM-AJ, heritage sites and those under consideration by CONDEPHAAT and environmental preservation areas. Data source: São Paulo State Secretariat for the Environment and EMPLASA. Available at: http://datageo.ambiente.sp.gov.br
The sub-basin is home to 848,593 inhabitants (IBGE, 2010) and has undergone significant population growth
The average population growth rate of the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin between 2000 and 2010 was 2.60% per year
the average for São Paulo city was 0.76% per year and 0.97% per year for the metropolitan region
and Caieiras (2.01%) stand out with the highest rates
besides the districts of Jaraguá (2.39%) and Anhanguera (2.6%)
located in the extreme north of São Paulo city
This migratory population movement causes population pressure which
if not adequately tackled and controlled by integrated inclusive public policies—Urban and Environmental—can lead to a disastrous scenario
especially from an environmental perspective
As defined by the IBGE, the precarious settlements, or Subnormal Agglomerations, have been expanding in the region, especially in the cities of Franco da Rocha and Francisco Morato and in the districts of Perus, Anhanguera, and Jaraguá. The amount of settlements in Risk areas is alarming, especially those located in Francisco Morato and the central region of Mairiporã, near the Paiva Castro reservoir, as evident in Figure 3 based on georeferenced data from IBGE
Figure 3. Juqueri-Cantareira Sub-basin: APRM-AJ, urbanized areas, subnormal agglomerates (slums), and population at risk. Data source: São Paulo State Secretariat for the Environment, EMPLASA, and DataGEO. Available at: http://datageo.ambiente.sp.gov.br
With regard to social vulnerability, georeferenced data for the São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index (spatialized in Figure 4) shows that the areas corresponding to vulnerability grades 6 and 7 (high vulnerability) correspond to the outskirts of Mairiporã (within the protected springs area)
and the outskirts of Franco da Rocha and Francisco Morato
The most vulnerable municipalities in the sub-basin are Francisco Morato
Franco da Rocha and Cajamar because a significant part of their territory is rated as medium and high vulnerability
The other districts and cities have high/medium vulnerability
where most of this territory has a low degree of social vulnerability
Figure 4. Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin—São Paulo social vulnerability index, 2010. Source: Fundação Seade (2013) and IBGE
The synthesis of some data from this sub-region
although not reflecting the full Construction of sustainable territories and the multiple dimensions of sustainability complexity of its problems
help highlight the central issues that should be dealt with in an articulated manner by the set of urban and environmental planning instruments proposed
within the overarching perspective of sustainability of the territory
an evaluation is provided of the main urban and environmental planning instruments in effect within the region
along with the Master Plans of the cities of Caieiras
and the Specific Law of the Alto Juquery Springs Protection and Recovery Area (APRM-AJ)
The premise that sustainability has multiple dimensions is based on the theories of Sachs (2009) and Magnaghi (1999, 2011)
Both scholars argue that sustainability is systemic and complex
recognizing the complexity of the discussion on sustainable development and providing contributions that go beyond the classic tripartite of sustainability of social
These authors extended the concept by also incorporating cultural
Figure 5. Diagram depicting articulation of sustainability dimensions of Sachs (2009) and Magnaghi (2011)
Summary evaluation matrix containing elements analyzed
Political dimension involves the degree of participation in decision-making
representativeness of different groups of society (including those historically marginalized)
valuing and strengthening of the local community
The following components were listed for instrument analysis: participation of the population
valuing the territory and strengthening the communities
Environmental dimension evaluates how strategies established in the analyzed legislation have considered the components of environmental science
while addressing environmental recovery/protection and balance of ecosystems
The following elements were considered in the analysis: Environmental Preservation/Recuperation Areas
Territorial dimension aims to understand what strategies the Municipal Master Plans and the Specific Law have devised to establish a balance between the natural and built environments
and to promote reterritorialization of the local community into its territory
the following components are analyzed: cultural equipment
redevelopment of abandoned areas/urban voids
valuing of heritage (historical and environmental)
integration of ecological and historical heritage
Socioeconomic dimension deals with fundamental components to the population's socioeconomic dynamics
seeking to understand how the urban and environmental instruments solve or mitigate the main social and economic problems of the region
aimed at promoting its sustainable development
The proposed analysis components are: local economic development
The present article reports the analysis of the Master Plans of the cities of Caieiras
These cities are located on the outskirts of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region
more specifically in the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin
and were selected according to the following criteria:
• Small cities relative to São Paulo city and
with a lower degree of complexity in terms of urban and environmental policies;
• Cities that have undergone marked population growth to the detriment of preserved areas;
• Cities situated within the Area of Protection and Recovery of Springs—Alto Juquery
The list of cities located within the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin and their respective percentage of the catchment area is given in Table 3
Mairiporã has 80% of its territory within the APRM-AJ
Franco da Rocha 5% and São Paulo 1.5%
The Master Plan of São Paulo will not be discussed in this article because the study objective was to address cities that lie fully within the fringe area
List of cities with areas within Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin
the strategies/guidelines of the following urban and environmental instruments were analyzed:
• Mairiporã Master Plan: Complementary Law No. 297/2006 (Mairiporã, 2006)
• Caieiras Master Plan: Supplementary Law No. 4538/2012 (Caieiras, 2012)
• Franco da Rocha Master Plan: Supplementary Law No. 618/2007 and amendments contained in Supplementary Law No. 244/2015 (Franco Da Rocha, 2007, 2015)
• Specific Law for the Protection and Recovery Area of Alto Juquery Springs—APRM-AJ: Law 15.790/2015 (São paulo, 2015)
The qualitative analyses of the instruments listed according to the criteria set out in the previous item were performed based on the four dimensions of sustainability, namely: the political dimension, socioeconomic dimension, environmental dimension and the territorial dimension. These dimensions of analysis were established from the articulation of the sustainability dimensions devised by Magnaghi (2011) and Sachs (2009)
elements of analysis were listed that correspond to each dimension and were compatible with the study of urban and environmental policy
The matrix was completed with information gathered from the reading and analytical transcription of the articles of the Master Plans and Specific Legislation corresponding to each element in the evaluation matrix
After filling out the matrix and comparing the laws
a synthesis of each instrument's strategies was produced outlining the dimensions of sustainability addressed
to aid comparison of the instruments analyzed
scales (grades) were assigned to measure the elements making up each dimension
• 0 = no guideline/strategy in the instrument addressed the element of analysis;
• 1 = the element of analysis was addressed in a minimal and/or superficial way;
• 2 = the element of analysis was addressed partially or not satisfactorily;
• 3 = the element of analysis was addressed in depth
provided the basis of a comparative and relativized analysis of the cases addressed
The results obtained for each dimension were systematized into a matrix
The general grades assigned are based on the overall average of the elements analyzed
This average will be presented in a comparative Wheel Chart graph in the ensuing section
Figure 6 depicts a comparative Wheel Chart graph of all the instruments analyzed according to the criteria and scales detailed in the previous item
Although the legislation provides for some elements of the sustainability dimensions
there are still a series of shortcomings in promoting the construction of more just sustainable cities
some elements actually induce the processes of sprawl
Comparative wheel chart graph illustrating instruments analyzed and degree to which they address each sustainability dimension
Although the legislation cites the concept of “sustainability,” this concept should be addressed in an integrated way
allowing it to permeate several dimensions of urban and environmental policy and more effectively address today's dynamics and complexities
The Political and Territorial dimensions attained the lowest overall averages among the instruments
This was due to the fact that they did not consider
issues related to the representativeness of different social groups in the process of planning and management of the territories and the strengthening of local communities
Other shortcomings included a lack of guidelines aimed at containing the sprawl of the urban area
active mobility and the integration of both environmental and historical heritage
The socioeconomic dimension was better developed in the Mairiporã and Franco da Rocha plans
both addressing a series of elements in favor of local economic development and dealing with the social vulnerabilities present in the cities
Franco da Rocha stood out for emphasizing education at different levels (primary
vocational and higher education) in its plan
failed to meaningfully address the issue of higher education or tackling social vulnerability
The Specific Law did not address elements related to education and social vulnerability
The elements of the Environmental dimension were
especially in the case of the Specific Law and Caieiras Master Plan
The most neglected aspect in the analysis in all cases was the intention of closing the water
and food cycles at local and regional levels; this issue did not feature in any of the instruments
the results reveal the limits and advances of the urban and environmental instruments analyzed
especially the Master Plans and the Specific Law for Protection and Recovery of Springs
We pose questions about paths for a planning process favoring the sustainability of the region in its multiple dimensions
Is it possible to devise a planning process that reconciles local community needs
and the preservation of a territory rich in environmental and historical heritage
What is the vision of “sustainability” addressed by the instruments
The Political Dimension was less prominent in all cases
especially for aspects related to the representation of different groups of society in the planning process and management of territories
Although the legislation analyzed cites population participation in the planning process
in accordance with the precepts established by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and by the City Statute
this issue remains a major challenge for the cities assessed
Multicultural representation featured only superficially in the instruments analyzed
This reveals a certain weakness of the legislation in promoting the strengthening and valuing of the local community
in building a solid and aware community capable of valuing the local territorial and environmental heritage and promoting its self-sustainability
It is important to emphasize that the weakening of the political dimension systematically jeopardizes the commitment and effectiveness of the other dimensions of sustainability
since society's participation and engagement are central elements to implementing a more sustainable development model
How can sustainable territories be built without the effective participation and engagement of local communities
Despite the weakness of the political dimension
some strategies present in the plans—albeit incipient—seem to indicate the beginning of a process of valuing this dimension
Mairiporã's Master plan establishes procedures that promote the valuing of local community and territorial goals
recognizing the need to strengthen the economic bases identified as a city goal
Another example is the Franco da Rocha Master Plan that outlines the importance of creating a municipal memory and cultural identity and appropriation of public spaces by residents
Specific Law 15.790/2015 was the legislation which best addressed the environmental issue among all the other legislations analyzed
The Law provides for the creation of several areas for preservation
and valuing of the scenic-landscape attributes of the region and areas for environmental recovery and protection
Several strategies stand out in the Specific Law
and advisory programs for the ecological management of the land
sustainable use of agriculture and non-impacting rural activities in Low-Density Sub-Areas (SBD) and the reduction of the effects of diffuse pollution: use of appropriate agricultural management practices
prioritizing organic agriculture and bans on the use of biocides
Mairiporã stands out among the Municipal Plans by addressing local agriculture
which is not destined only to a small portion of the territory
The Mairiporã Master Plan states the importance of reviving local agricultural farming and creating stimulus programs for sustainable agricultural activities
offering technical support to local producers so that they can adequately manage the land
the Inter-Municipal Consortium of Municipalities of the Juquery Basin (CIMBAJU) played a key role in incorporating urban-environmental planning strategies on the sub-basin scale
Caieiras and Franco da Rocha's plans include the implementation of a linear park along the embankments of the Linha 7 Rubi railroad
the city of Caieiras furthered this with a system of parks and green areas that permeates the whole municipal territory
connecting large environmental preservation areas
the Cajamar Environmental Protection Area and the Environmental Protection Area of the Cantareira system
None of the instruments analyzed addressed the closing of the water
solid waste and food cycles at local and regional levels
consistent with the precepts of the Brazilian legal framework
the scope of the instruments included the universal provision of basic sanitation
the creation of environmental education programs and actions for preservation ecological recuperation
had not yet been made compatible with the Specific Law
all recognized the importance of the water catchment areas' metropolitan nature and defined protection strategies for them
the defining of areas of regional importance under the State Water Resources Policy led to the creation of preservation strategies for these areas
the cities still have an extractive vision for the areas not yet occupied and unprotected by Law
actions concerning the territory were more linked to environmental and urban aspects and failed to address socioeconomic and political issues
A development perspective based on traditional industries
highways and urban sprawl predominated in the Master Plans
The highway model still plays a central role in the territorial planning strategies concerning municipal and regional transport
Road widening and plans for new highways and viaducts were common
to the detriment of encouraging quality public transportation
among other modes with less environmental impact
pedestrian walkways) was addressed only in the Caieiras and Franco da Rocha Plans
An advance is a fact that all the Master Plans cite the importance of integrating (in terms of fares and physically) of metropolitan transportation
proposing articulations with the State Government and transportation companies
This is a central point for improving public transport in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region
since there is fare integration is only available for trains and buses
which come under State Government jurisdiction with no integration for municipal transportation
This issue makes it more expensive and difficult for the population to access public transport
Mosaic of municipal Zoning of Mairiporã
Data source: municipal authority of cities of Mairiporã
It can be noted that Caieiras and Franco da Rocha
consider the eastern region (toward Cajamar) as an urban expansion vector
It should be highlighted that the Caieiras Master Plan establishes a Special Zone of Metropolitan Interest (ZEIM 1 and 2) for this region
in which a forestry area is currently located
The plan defines this area for high and medium population density residential use or structuring projects of metropolitan scope and interest
There is a project commissioned by the Companhia de Concessões de Rodovias (CCR) to build the New São Paulo Airport in this area
With regard to the socioeconomic dimension
the strategies adopted did not focus on the sustainable development of the region or on a vision of economic self-sustainability that considers regional aspects or activities potentially appropriate for a water-producing region
with a historical and environmental heritage of great importance
The Franco da Rocha and Caieiras Plans present employment and income generation strategies centered on industrial development (potentially polluting or otherwise)
attributing to the cities the same vision and strategy of economic “development” implemented in other areas of the Metropolitan Region
with no emphasis on low-carbon and ecological
the cities promoted strategies aimed at local development and valuing of the environmental heritage only in Spring areas; ecological processes were not an integral part of the city planning
The case of Caieiras exemplifies this issue by encouraging sustainable tourism activities as an alternative to economic development that generates employment and income only in a small part of the city consisting of the water springs area protected by State law
Other areas endowed with significant natural remnants are destined for industrial development
The Mairiporã Master Plan is noteworthy for containing economic guidelines focused on the territory's environmental goals
the implementation of low impact and high added value industries
sustainable agricultural activities and cooperatives as forms of employment and income generation
Regarding the aspects related to education
all the plans analyzed cited the implementation of new school units to meet municipal demand and the creation of technical schools
only Franco da Rocha outlined the implementation of a University Campus for Higher Education
which was not mentioned as a priority for the other cities
Regarding the strategies aimed at precarious settlements
slums and areas with high social vulnerability
the Master Plans and Specific Law emphasized the importance of ensuring the social function of property and decent housing and promoting land regularization
and removal of the population from high risk areas and basic sanitation
the Master Plan of Mairiporã adopts the neighborhood or census sector scale as the territorial unit of reference for the implementation of social welfare policies
the plan includes the promotion of self-defense practices and environmental education for risk management
The urban and environmental instruments analyzed in this article focus on a complex territory that is home to critical natural remnants and protected areas
while marked by profound social and economic asymmetries and pressured by different demands and actors
The analysis shed light on the advances and challenges of integrating urban and environmental policies
Application of the methodology showed that
although the Municipal and State Urban Policy touches on the dimensions of sustainability
there are still many flawed and superficial approaches
The main shortcomings that appeared recurrently in the instruments are described below
Although the State Policy framework stipulates compatibility of municipal Master Plans with the Specific Law for Protection and Recovery of Springs
this proved not to be the case for the plans analyzed
This process is not address in an integrated way
and the timing of the legislations differs
the smaller cities often do not have technical experts available to carry out the compatibility process with the competent state organ
This lack of compatibility creates a series of obstacles for the cities
which depend on the state agency for environmental licensing
involving a series of extensive and bureaucratic processes that
coupled with the lack of inspection in these areas
often leads to a devaluing of the importance of watershed areas and irregular occupation of these areas
The public policies designed for these essential natural remnants should yield benefits for the population in different spheres
it is necessary to carefully examine the territory
considering its features and particularities
The State and Cites must work together to safeguard the preservation of areas that provide important environmental services and have a systemic impact on a network of cities connected in different dimensions
there is a pressing need for convergences and synergies regarding natural resource sustainability and sustainable development of the region analyzed
a vision of development based on industries
highways and urban sprawl prevailed in the Master Plans
The Plans reaffirm the logic of the fragmented constantly expanding city organized to support economic activities
The cities analyzed must radically change this vision of planning and devise strategies that prevent urban sprawl and promote reorganization of existing built areas
reduction of movement of people and goods and incentives for local consumption
Establishing a planning process based on an integrated vision aimed at sustainability calls for multidisciplinary efforts and a cultural shift
which is at the same time complex and involves multiple authors
The region's problems must be tackled and the value of its environmental potential and local communities appreciated
incorporating the various dimensions of sustainability in its territorial management from a systemic vision of integrated planning embracing urban and environmental aspects at municipal and regional levels
it is argued here that the construction of sustainable territories requires a systemic vision that considers not only environmental aspects but also social
sustainability is still regarded as a sectoral
as if the preservation and recuperation of a small proportion of natural remnants were enough to construct “sustainable cities.” Effective participation of different actors
and environmental awareness of the structural changes needed to build fairer and more sustainable cities are lacking
Without the construction of a solid and aware local community
it is impossible to value the local heritage with access to education and job opportunities or to promote the construction of sustainable territories
incentives in different areas are necessary to reduce pollutant emissions
and food cycles at local and regional levels
The analysis presented sought to discuss how the Specific Law for Preservation and Recovery of Springs—Alto Juquery (APRM-AJ) and the Master Plans of the cities within a section of the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin have proposed actions and guidelines for sustainable development of this region in the formulation of their respective legislation
The results show that the vision of “sustainability” contained in the urban and environmental instruments analyzed has a sectoral perspective and fails to address its various dimensions in urban and environmental policies
the political and territorial dimensions were overlooked in the scope of the instruments
the construction of a participative process of effective planning and management prevails
The vision of city production focused on land consumption that prioritizes the economic dimension to the detriment of social and environmental aspects
Citing the environmental protection of a small portion of natural remnants does not mean building sustainable cities
Clear strategies are needed that do not focus solely on the recovery and/or protection of a particular area
territorial and political aspects into the planning process based on citizenship principles
Cities and State government should embrace sustainability
incorporating its multiple dimensions into territorial management adopting a systemic vision of integrated planning that involves urban and environmental aspects and municipal and regional levels
Sustainable and innovative alternatives should be explored for the region
to promote sustainable territories capable of providing employment and income generation
and a balanced environment for this region and for future generations
ALM and AA conceptualized the study and performed the data analysis presented in the paper
The manuscript was written by ALM and reviewed by AA
Both authors were involved in collecting data and discussing the results and methods presented in the manuscript
The work was funded by CAPES-PROEX (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Programa de Excelência Acadêmica) Processo no
and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) Process 23038.009799/2019-96 CAPES/PROEX
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
The authors are grateful to the colleagues from the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of Mackenzie Presbyterian University for all the exchange of knowledge and experience
especially the research group Projects for the Urbanization of Precarious Settlements and Environmental Protection Areas: the Dimensions of Sustainability
Thanks are also extended to the following bodies and professionals who contributed to the development of this work: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)
Secretariat of the Environment of the municipalities of Caieiras and Mairiporã
Secretariat of Infrastructure and Environment of the State of São Paulo
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Citation: Marques AL and Alvim ATB (2021) Construction of Sustainable Territories and the Multiple Dimensions of Sustainability: An Assessment of Urban and Environmental Instruments in the Juqueri-Cantareira Sub-basin of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region
Received: 22 February 2021; Accepted: 13 April 2021; Published: 20 May 2021
Copyright © 2021 Marques and Alvim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Andresa Ledo Marques, YW5kcmVzYS5sZWRvQGhvdG1haWwuY29t
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Five fatalities were reported in Várzea Paulista after a landslide destroyed a house
Three people died in similar circumstances in Embu das Artes in Greater São Paulo
Other rain-related fatalities were reported in Arujá (1)
Authorities said around 500 families were displaced as a result of landslides and flooding
Many of the fatalities occurred after landslides caused houses to collapse
Heavy rain also caused severe flooding in Caieiras
Jaú and Franco da Rocha where the Juqueri river overflowed
Barueri 107.8 mm and Marilia 95.8 mm according to Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INUMET) figures
State Governor João Doria flew over affected areas of Francisco Morato
He announced the allocation of R$ 15 million (2.8 million USD) to affected municipalities of Arujá
Embu das Artes and Franco da Rocha in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region
Montemor and Rafard will also receive relief funds
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After concluding massive investments in virgin paper production in recent years
is moving forward with its strategy to increase paper integration in 2023
the company concluded the first stage of a 188-million-Reais ($35.7-million) investment at its Horizonte packaging unit in Ceará state
installing a new corrugator that will raise capacity there to 100,000 tonnes of corrugated board packaging per year
This investment is part of a strategy to continually increase paper integration in Klabin’s processes when more kraftliner becomes available
He noted that the strategy began with the start-up of its paper machine (PM) No27 in 2021; that PM has capacity to produce 450,000 tpy of kraftliner paper
“We did not have paper availability to grow in integration
we were able to parallelly approve growth in boxes,” Dalmasi said
Klabin acquired the operations of International Paper in Brazil
increasing their packaging market share from 17% to 23%
But the company still had to invest in conversion operations to meet demand from the packaging market
“We needed to follow the growth of this market
the company approved a 340-million-Reais plan to debottleneck conversion units across Brazil; the special projects include the acquisition of printers
a bags production line and die cut equipment
The company is also making disbursements in the cities of Betim
bringing a lot of technology for printing and conversion
the new seven-color printer with varnish brings a breakthrough technology for the northeastern region
serving clients in the fruit market with more sophisticated products,” Dalmasi said
target sectors that post higher growth rates compared with market segments located in the rest of Brazil
Our regional strength in packaging combined with a growing fruit sector is very positive
We expect fruits exports to grow between 5-10% this year
Klabin is increasing its packaging capacity to 300,000 tpy from 220,000 tpy
the company now has 1.2 million tpy of packaging capacity
Klabin is investing to increase its capacity by 100 million bags per year to reach 1.4 billion bags annually
“The new bags line [in Lages] is the second in the world of its kind being installed
It has a 10-color printer focused on specialties with high added value
offering several resources in barriers and food contact,” Dalmasi said
Despite a negative business environment for corrugated packaging and containerboard in the international markets
Dalmasi said that Klabin’s outlook for the year remains good
“We don’t think we will see something very different to what happened in January and February in the Brazilian market
We should see the domestic corrugated packaging market growing by 1-2% this year
the products that Brazil exports are very competitive
so I don’t believe in a dramatic drop in Brazilian exports,” he said
Klabin has been taking advantage of its production flexibility since last year to continue posting good results
“We are using more paper that was being exported in packaging; we have hibernated our recycled paper units of Franco da Rocha and Paulinia
the latter which will resume production at some point
We are adding more virgin paper to our products,” Dalmasi said
explaining that quality increased a lot while costs decreased due to the products having a lower basis weight
Dalmasi said he does not expect prices to drop even if demand weakens
because cost inflation continues to affect producers
Our expectation is to keep following the inflation rate
have dropped but remain above pre-pandemic levels
the company has maintained production at full capacity
we will continue with our entire capacity occupied,” Dalmasi said
“Cement demand reduced earlier this year due to the heavy rain season and high interest rates in Brazil
but all other markets including exports are performing well
substituting other materials such as plastic and raffia in the food market.”
This article was first published in PPI Latin America, the industry’s most trusted pulp and paper market news and prices for Latin America. Speak to our team to find out more about our news and analysis products
Learn how to monitor packaging prices using cost and price indices and understand the underlying cost drivers
The Ministerio Evangelico Comunidade Rhema church in the city of Franco da Rocha has refused to cease practices that authorities have alleged amount to forced labor
the national coordinator for prosecutors who work on combatting modern-day slavery in Brazil
"This action aims to make these practices stop
of children," von Zuben told The Associated Press after the closed hearing
Brazilian authorities opened multiple investigations after the AP reported in July that leaders of Word of Faith Fellowship — based in rural Spindale
North Carolina — created a pipeline of young Brazilian congregants who told of being taken to the U.S
Wednesday was the first time that former church members who have said they were mistreated were able to face off in court with local pastors Solange da Silva Granieri Oliveira and Juarez de Souza Oliveira
who also are named in the labor prosecutors' suit
"It's a pleasure for me to watch justice being done," said Flavio Correa
a longtime member who left the church in 2016 complaining of abusive practices
Both pastors and their lawyers declined to speak with the AP after the hearing
but investigators have said the church leaders have denied any wrongdoing
the judge ordered that documents that had been under seal be made available to the defense
The judge then scheduled another hearing for July
Word of Faith Fellowship is a secretive evangelical sect founded in 1979 by Jane Whaley
it has grown to a congregation of nearly 750 people in rural North Carolina
with hundreds more followers extending to Brazil
Dozens of former congregants in both the U.S
and Brazil have told the AP that Whaley rules all the branches with an iron fist and that church members — including children — are regularly attacked verbally and physically in an effort to "purify" sinners
In the suit filed March 1 in a labor court in Sao Paulo state
prosecutors cited testimony that contained harrowing details of a wide range of alleged abuses within the Rhema church
including how long the marks from a beating with a ruler were evident on a child's body
Children and adults alike said they were worked to the point of exhaustion and feared punishment
social isolation or separation from their families if they resisted
Brazil — which once was the world's largest slave market — has increasingly cracked down on labor practices it deems to be tantamount to slavery
In addition to asking a judge to shut down the church and school
the prosecutors want the church to pay a fine of at least $153,000 to a workers' compensation fund and at least $15,000 to each identified victim
who says he was physically and emotionally abused while he attended the church-run school
waited for his mother outside Wednesday's hearing
"I suffered a lot and I don't want other people to go through this," the 15-year-old said
adding that he thought closing the school would help other children
"They're in there and they don't have the courage to leave."
17 (UPI) -- Corrections officials in Brazil said prison guards intercepted a pigeon attempting to deliver a cellphone to inmates inside the facility
The guards intercepted the bird and discovered the vest contained a cellphone and battery
Costa Rica's Ministry of Justice and Peace detailed a similar incident in August 2015 involving a pigeon found wearing a pouch filled with marijuana and cocaine at the La Reforma prison
While many regions of the world are grappling with climate change-induced droughts, heatwaves, and wildfires, others are dealing with the opposite. Thousands of families in Brazil have been displaced, and entire neighborhoods have been completely destroyed, after torrential rain caused the southeast state of São Paulo to flood. As a result, Brazil is now facing severe landslides
which are affecting the lives of so many innocent people right now
”(I’m looking for) my nephew, his wife and a 2-year-old child,” a 54-year-old resident of Franco da Rocha named Cicero Pereira told AP News in a neighborhood that was completely ravaged by falling debris
“They said the bodies are still there under the mud
but until now they couldn’t recover them.”
described his chilling near-death experience via AP News
the debris fell all over me,” Bonfirm explained
Keep reading for more details on this natural disaster
and for additional information on landslides
January was a difficult month for Brazil, to say the least. Torrential rains had been flooding the state of São Paulo for several weeks, which ultimately triggered life-threatening floods and even landslides. Falling debris destroyed countless homes and displaced upwards of 1,546 families
according to information from the State Civil Defense that was given to CNN
and at least eight of those reported dead were unfortunately children
and civil defense personnel are helping those affected
and are still being uncovered from the debris
15 million reais (equal to about $2.8 million USD) are going towards helping the top 10 most affected municipalities
"(The funds) may be used to repair chronic urban problems in the municipalities that generate inconveniences such as flooding points and landslides," a statement from São Paulo Governor João Doria read
as the slope is slick with very little live vegetation
issues like these will likely become increasingly prevalent
Green Matters’ new book, Green Living, is the perfect guide to living an eco-friendly lifestyle for people at every stage of the process. You can order Green Living here
Brazil Wildfires: Where They Are, What's Causing Them, and More
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Authorities in the Brazilian state of São Paulo say at least 36 people have been killed in heavy flooding and landslides
forcing some cities to cancel annual Carnival celebrations
flooded motorways and debris left after houses were swept away
Rescue teams have been struggling to reach survivors and unblock roads
More than 600mm (23.6 inches) of rain fell in some areas on Sunday
“Search and rescue teams are not managing to get to several places; it is a chaotic situation,” said Felipe Augusto
the mayor of the hard-hit town of São Sebastião
“We have not yet gauged the scale of the damage
We are trying to rescue the victims.”
Dozens were missing in the town and about 50 houses had collapsed and washed away
saying that the situation remained “extremely critical”
The state government reported at least 35 deaths in São Sebastião and the mayor of Ubatuba
Hundreds have been displaced and evacuated
we are going to have many more deaths,” a civil defence official told newspaper Folha de São Paulo
officials say another 228 people have been left homeless
with 338 more evacuated from coastal regions north of São Paulo
A 180-day state of calamity was declared in six towns in the state: São Sebastião
State Governor Tarcísio de Freitas said he had released the equivalent of $1.5m (£1.2m) in funding to aid in disaster relief
Carnival events were cancelled across the northern coastline
which is a popular destination for wealthy tourists looking to avoid huge streetside festivities in the big cities
some of the hardest hit and now under state of calamity
canceled their Carnival festivities as rescue teams struggle to find missing
The festival usually lasts for five days in the run-up to the Christian festival of Lent and the colourful celebrations are synonymous with Brazil
Latin America’s largest port in Santos was also shut as wind speeds exceeded 55km/h (34mph) and waves rose to over a metre
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
who was spending the carnival weekend in the north-eastern state of Bahia
said he would visit the affected areas on Monday
he sent his condolences to those who had lost loved ones and promised to bring authorities together to provide healthcare and rescue teams
“We are going to bring together all levels of government and
power connections and telecommunications in the region,” Mr da Silva wrote
threatening to make conditions even worse for emergency teams
Extreme weather events such as the floods are expected to become more common as the impacts of climate change took hold
torrential rain in the south-eastern city of Petropolis killed more than 230 people
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The TimesLandslides and flooding from heavy rains in the state of Sao Paulo have killed at least 19 people since Friday
and more than 500 families have been left homeless or displaced
Public safety officials announced relief measures after rivers overflowed
swamping the state’s interior yesterday afternoon
Three of the deaths involved people who were swept away by floodwaters
Among the dead was a four-year-old girl who was killed along with her sibling
after their house was struck by a landslide in the city of Embu das Artes
Nine people were injured and four were reported missing in the rains
Firefighters and residents search for victims near houses destroyed by a landslide in Franco da RochaORLANDO JUNIOR/APAfter flying over affected areas
At least 40 people have been killed in flooding and landslides in Brazil’s São Paulo state, officials say.
Dozens of people are missing and while the number of dead is expected to rise, rescue workers say they hope to pull some of those trapped in flooded homes out of the mud alive.
Video showed neighbourhoods under water, inundated motorways and debris left after houses were swept away.
Carnival celebrations have been cancelled in a number of cities.
In the coastal town of São Sebastião, 627mm of rain fell in 24 hours, twice the expected amount for the month.
The town’s mayor, Felipe August, said the situation there was chaotic: “We have not yet gauged the scale of the damage. We are trying to rescue the victims.”
Some 50 houses had collapsed and were washed away, Mr Augusto added, saying that the situation remained “extremely critical”.
The state government reported at least 35 deaths in São Sebastião and in Ubatuba, some 80km (50 miles) north-east, a seven-year-old girl was killed when a boulder weighing two tonnes hit her home.
Hundreds have been displaced and evacuated.
“Unfortunately, we are going to have many more deaths,” a civil defence official told newspaper Folha de São Paulo.
State Governor Tarcísio de Freitas said he had released the equivalent of $1.5m (£1.2m) in funding to aid in disaster relief.
Carnival events were cancelled across parts of the coastline, which is a popular destination for wealthy tourists looking to avoid huge streetside festivities in the big cities.
The festival usually lasts for five days in the run-up to the Christian festival of Lent and the colourful celebrations are synonymous with Brazil.
Latin America’s largest port in Santos was also shut as wind speeds exceeded 55km/h (34mph) and waves rose to over a metre, local media reported.
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who was spending the carnival weekend in the north-eastern state of Bahia, visited the affected areas on Monday.
He pledged to support reconstruction but said, “It’s important for people not to build more houses in places that could fall victim to more rains and landslides that claim yet more lives.”
In a post on Twitter, he sent his condolences to those who had lost loved ones and promised to bring authorities together to provide healthcare and rescue teams.
More heavy rain is expected in the area, threatening to make conditions even worse for emergency teams.
Extreme weather events such as the floods are expected to become more common as the impacts of climate change take hold.
Last year, torrential rain in the south-eastern city of Petropolis killed more than 230 people.
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RIO DE JANEIRO — At least 18 inmates died in clashes in two separate penitentiaries in Brazil’s Amazon region and more than three dozen escaped after a third prison riot caused a large fire in a complex outside Sao Paulo
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Authorities were investigating a possible connection between the first two uprisings in the jungle states of Rondonia and Roraima
Ten prisoners died in the mutiny in Roraima
while eight others were killed in a similar riot about 1,300 kilometres away in the penitentiary in Rondonia
Roraima’s justice secretary Uziel Castro said at least seven of the bodies were piled up and burned after the Sunday prison mutiny in that state
At least two other bodies were found in a different section of the Monte Cristo prison
but it wasn’t immediately clear where the tenth was found
Castro says at least three of the bodies were beheaded and efforts to identify them have been slow
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The secretary said the clashes erupted between rival crime gangs
“Every penitentiary system in Brazil was aware that something was about to happen,” Castro told a news conference
But he said authorities were surprised when the riots erupted on a day the prisoners had visitors
Officers said Monday that about 50 people who were visiting the penitentiary in Roraima
police confirmed that a similar riot killed at least eight inmates in Rondonia state’s capital of Porto Velho in the Santos Pinheiro penitentiary
A police officer who spoke on condition of anonymity because the uprising was still under investigation told The Associated Press there was evidence that the riot was started by “the biggest criminal organization of Sao Paulo state.”
The organization known as Primeiro Comando da Capital is a powerful Brazilian prison gang that has been expanding into other states and even into Bolivia and Paraguay
The motive behind the third prison riot was not immediately clear
Sao Paulo’s corrections department said police officers managed to recapture 18 of 55 inmates who had escaped the psychiatric ward Monday evening in Franco da Rocha
Broadcaster Globo showed images of flames billowing from the prison complex
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A serial killer who confessed to murdering 14 people over a span of 16 years has been finally captured in Brazil.
Renato Teixeira, 35, was taken into custody in Franco de Rocha, São Paulo on Wednesday.
During an interrogation at a police station, Teixeira told cops he was only responsible for nine of the murders. But he changed his tune when he was escorted out of the building, telling a Record TV reporter that he was responsible for 14 killings.
Authorities describe him as a prostitute who murdered three people he met through online dating apps between 2020 and 2022. It's unknown which sites he visited.
He met two male victims in the São Paulo cities of São Bernardo and Santo André and a woman in Pirutuba.
Teixeira used the fake name of 'Bruno' when identifying himself on the dating apps and always sought financial favors from his victims.
São Bernardo police chief Roberto Krasovic told reporters that Teixeira attacked his love interests with knives or poisoned them whenever they rejected his demands.
'He wouldn't accept a 'no' and persisted in the constant search for new targets, even after committing the crimes,' Krasovic said.
Deputy police chief Giuliano Rossi revealed that Teixeira used knives that were up to 15 centimeters long to kill his victims.
Sectional police chief Kelly César described him as a psychopath.
'His coldness when describing the crimes, even detailing the type of knife he preferred to use, is astounding,' she said.
Police zeroed in on Teixeira following the killing of Mário Marchiani, 60, on December 3, 2022, at a home he rented in São Bernardo.
He then waited three days to text the property owner's husband to say that he had murdered Marchiani and left the body in one of the rooms.
The victim's body was in a state of decomposition when the Military Police searched the home.
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