You don't have permission to access the page you requested What is this page?The website you are visiting is protected.For security reasons this page cannot be displayed A surfer has gone viral for daring to ride the dangerous rapids of a flooded river in Brazil Two-time surfing champion Paulo Coelho can be seen on his board in the violent brown waters of the Rio Doce river in his hometown of Governador Valadares The extreme videos showed the 53-year-old and a friend entering the river despite a warning issued by the Minas Gerais State Civil Defense over its overflowing levels 'The objective is to understand the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of each board model, and how they behave with variations in the size and shape of the wave,' he wrote in an Instagram post. Coelho told Estado de Minas newspaper that his love for waters sports started with kayaking excursions and that he was drawn to surfing by actors he saw on television as a child. He was just 13 years old when he took on the challenge of surfing beach waves in the state of Bahia while on vacation in 1985. A few years later, a friend shared a video that he had recorded in Europe of a person surfing in a river surrounded by canoes. Since the Atlantic Ocean sits about 185 miles away from his hometown, Coelho and his friends decided to test their skills by surfing in the river. 'I don't recommend anyone who doesn't surf to get involved,' Coelho said. 'Even those who have been surfing for a long time should contact us so we can tell them where the waves are, and what safety points to take and what to watch out for so they don't run unnecessary risks.' Coelho usually waits until the weekend to surf in the river with his 28-year-old nephew.   He has passed down his favorite hobby to his 14-year-old son and 18-year-old daughter, and is also teaching them how to ocean surf. It's unsure if Coelho will be returning to surf this week due to the weather conditions in Minas Gerais. The National Institute of Meteorology elevated its alert to orange in the state due to the risk of heavy rain on Thursday.  Authorities expect wind gusts of up to 68 miles per hours and up to 4 inches of rain on Thursday. At least nine cities in the northern region of the state declared a state of emergency Thursday due to rain. One person was found dead Monday in the rural municipality of Glaucilandia after his car was swept away while attempting to drive over a flooded bridge. Major terror attack 'was just HOURS away' before it was foiled by the special forces and police:... Victim of acid attack 'plotted by his ex-partner who teamed up with a gang' dies in hospital six... We are trapped in unsellable newbuild homes after a £52m dual carriageway was built on our... Horror as $4.5M influencer-laden yacht SINKS off Miami... after glam women made a rookie maritime... 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No one seems to have shared their thoughts on this topic yetLeave a comment so your voice will be heard first. {{message}} known as "consuls" or "coyotes," are profiting from Brazil's woes.Police allege that many of the country's top coyotes hail from the region of eastern Minas Gerais that includes Alpercata They're now expanding aggressively into far-flung new territories in Brazil's north and west places with no long-standing tradition of U.S according to federal police in Governador Valadares a city of nearly 300,000 people a half-hour drive from Alpercata."This is now a nationwide market," said federal Detective Cristiano Campidelli a former chief of the Governador Valadares office who has tracked the illicit trade.'VALADOLARES'Still the epicenter for now remains Minas Gerais a mineral-rich state whose ties to the United States can be traced to the U.S search for mica used in planes and radios during World War II Almost everyone in this part of the country has a relative in Boca Raton or Boston Locals have nicknamed the city "Valadolares" for the dollars earned by emigres and sent here as remittances.A strong U.S The dollar is up more than 50% against the Brazilian real since late 2018 when right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro was elected.Migration has surged on his watch with the number of Brazilians detained at the southern U.S border rising more than 3,500% over the same period Brazilians abroad are now wiring $300 million to $400 million back home each month up from $200 million to $300 million a month during the first two years of Bolsonaro's presidency.Although these dollars are welcome Governador Valadares now lacks engineers and healthcare workers even the pão de queijo - Brazil's famous cheese bread - is under threat.Near an evangelical church whose logo is emblazoned with a U.S Owner Valquiria Ribeiro said she's struggling to retain trained breadmakers; she has lost three to the United States since the pandemic began.Over at one of Alpercata's middle schools janitor Egnalda Oliveira is laying the groundwork for her own journey north.A single mother of a teenage boy she said the deaths of her husband and parents Mother and son recently obtained their first passports who has watched many of his friends depart."If I could leave tomorrow I would," Oliveira said.Reporting by Gabriel Stargardter; additional reporting by Brad Haynes; editing by Marla Dickerson Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles., opens new tab , opens new tab Browse an unrivalled portfolio of real-time and historical market data and insights from worldwide sources and experts. , opens new tabScreen for heightened risk individual and entities globally to help uncover hidden risks in business relationships and human networks. © 2025 Reuters. All rights reserved It looks like nothing was found at this location How this rural district in Brazil started a pipeline of immigrant labor that is transforming Martha’s Vineyard Brazil – The man with kind eyes and a gentle face presents an old Polaroid photo The image captures his hometown here in this region in Brazil’s interior as it looked back in 1985: dirt roads were still the main mode of transportation back then which was then just a tiny village in Brazil’s mineral-rich interior was taken in the fateful year when Brazil’s U.S.-backed military dictatorship ended after 20 years of rule and the country took on the strains of transitioning back to democracy Goiabeira struggled economically through what became known as “the lost decade” caused by the huge debt and hyperinflation driven by massive infrastructure projects taken on during military rule This 61-year-old man sharing the Polaroid starts on his story That journey would take him from his rural hometown in this Brazilian state of Minas Gerais all the way to Orlando where he sought to achieve a better quality of life It was a relatively brief stint working on Martha’s Vineyard but it would earn him a unique place in history as the first known Brazilian immigrant to work on Martha’s Vineyard set in motion a wave of immigration that started small and steadily surged to become a king tide of immigrants flowing here to find work many of whom would stay on to establish second- and third-generation Brazilian families who have transformed the Island He was born in 1963 in a modest home made of clay bricks and rustic plank floors His parents named him after the 36th president of the U.S. who had just been sworn in after the assassination of President John F and liked the sound of the name “Lyndon,” and it was something of a custom across Latin America at that time to name children after world leaders I searched for other Brazilians in many places but couldn’t find any,” he began his story “It was a life of loneliness; I walked by myself at the beach Pereira was 22 when the tourist visa was stamped on Sept He bought a plane ticket \and then overstayed his visa to work Soon after Pereira took a chance on a job on Martha’s Vineyard He knew them both from a neighboring town of his Then about 20 more from the two neighboring towns followed them the next year nearly 10 percent of the babies born at the Vineyard hospital had a Brazilian mother estimates counted 3,000 Brazilians living on the Island resulting in a change in the Island’s demographics Today, the total Brazilian population is estimated to be 20 percent of the Island’s year-round population, and the second most spoken language after English is Portuguese, according to the 2021 Dukes County rural health assessment roughly a third of all babies born at the Martha’s Vineyard Hospital are of Brazilian descent And an estimated 40 percent of the students in the Island’s public schools speak Portuguese as the first language in their homes A majority of these immigrants to the Island and those sprinkled across Massachusetts in towns like Framingham and Falmouth are from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais The state is known for its mining and rural economy as well as its flavorful food — like cheese bread — and its warm hospitality Goiabeira is among more than 50 municipalities with the highest international immigration rate proportionally in all Brazil he found his first job at Bond & Buckhart in Newton a gourmet carryout famous for its awardwinning pecan rolls invited him to work at a restaurant that she would co-manage on Martha’s Vineyard: David Ryan’s He had never heard of this Island called Martha’s Vineyard before Pereira started working on the island in January 1987 cleaning for the restaurant’s seasonal opening and he would stay on to work as a dishwasher He worked double shifts despite leaving with his legs hurting: “In Boston one of those affable people always with a giant smile.”  She would later become co-owner of Chesca’s, also in Edgartown, a popular fine-dining restaurant, for 26 years She watched how the Island’s workforce that hails from Brazil has transformed the Island and become a vital part of its economy Maxwell said she does not believe the service industries would have survived on Martha’s Vineyard without the extraordinary work ethic of the Brazilian community She said that in her many years working with Brazilian immigrants she has observed that they do not ask for time off “We had to tell them to take a day for themselves,” said Maxwell Maxwell was not aware of her unexpected historical role as the first employer to hire the first Brazilian immigrant “I feel glad to have been a part of being welcoming and treating people fairly The need for a workforce did not go unnoticed by Pereira and he explained what drives most Brazilians: “I’d do my best to be good at work because I needed to keep that job and earn money You need to be like that when you’re already in a country you don’t speak the language you have at least to be good to be successful to achieve what you need.” The immigration pipeline from Brazil follows patterns similar to other historic migrations of ethnic groups that represent the history of America they include the surge of Irish immigrants to Boston and New York in the mid 19th century to the Portuguese immigrants who came before them in the 17th and 18th centuries particularly to the Cape and Islands to work in the lucrative whaling industry the hard work does not resolve the melancholy that many feel for their loved ones back home Pereira remembers how disappointed he was when his girlfriend in Brazil ended their long-distance relationship after a year and he remembers how lonely he felt as the only Brazilian on the Island To stay closer to loved ones and his beloved hometown and even VHS tapes he recorded on a Panasonic video camera but everything changed when his father suffered a stroke to become his father’s caretaker for 12 years he recommended another Brazilian for his job the word spread about this Island where pay was higher and the American dream could be achieved more quickly around 20 Brazilians embarked on the ferry to find work on the island As this new immigration pipeline from Brazil to the Island was just getting underway in the mid-1980s Congress was discussing major reform of immigration law The legislative efforts culminated with President Ronald Reagan signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) in November 1986 The act offered a path to legalization through amnesty and created an employment verification system The effect of this law was the largest single legalization in the U.S. regularizing the immigration status of nearly 3 million people among other factors such as high job availability in the U.S and few pathways for those immigrants to bring family members contributed to increasing the immigrant wave to the U.S Pereira’s pioneering role for Martha’s Vineyard impacted mainly two of Goiabeiras’ neighboring towns: Cuparaque in Minas Gerais state and Mantenópolis in the bordering state of Espírito Santo these towns couldn’t be more different from the Vineyard About a four-hour drive from the nearest ocean, they look more like towns in rural Kentucky, set in valleys and surrounded by steep mountains. These towns’ income levels are low, with an average annual salary under $4,000 per year, compared with the exclusivity and wealth of the Island with an average gross income per year of $107,400 the money earned by Brazilian immigrants on the Vineyard was mostly sent home and it transformed small rural towns in Minas Gerais and contrast them with the more modest homes that surround them there is a horse-breeding farm that embodies this newfound wealth there are two ornate statues of majestic horses each with a flagpole: one for the Brazilian flag and the other for the American flag there are backyard gardens that seem inspired by the landscaping that has become a signature of the mansions of Martha’s Vineyard adorned with tropical plants like orchids and desert roses There are shops and restaurants that draw inspiration from the Island including a small local bakery serving chocolate glazed doughnuts with birthday cake sprinkles that look straight out of Backdoor Donuts Everyone I spoke to during my visit said they either had lived in the Vineyard or have a family member who lives or had lived there The Island is in people’s memories and strongest emotions: A man showed me with pride the last house he helped build before heading back to Brazil several years ago; another says that if he closes his eyes he can remember all the roads in Edgartown; a mother got emotional just hearing “Martha’s Vineyard,” because her 19-year-old daughter has been living there for a year; a businessman shows all the buildings he bought with his hard work on the Island — and while the current Mantenópolis mayor is also an American citizen three out of seven Cuparaque mayors have lived on the Island For a long time, until 2009, Pereira was unaware of his historical role. “I myself didn’t know [I was the first immigrant],” he said. It was Daniela Gerson a professor at California State University who specializes in immigrant and multiethnic populations who found him during her master’s-degree research at the University of Southern California and documented the story for the Financial Times It was only when Gerson asked him about his unique claim to fame as the first Brazilian immigrant to Martha’s Vineyard that Pereira realized the role he had played in history “I started remembering that actually there was nobody else besides me,” he said where he championed the campaign to raise the village to a town status in 1995 the town’s main revenues started coming from public jobs in the town hall and health centers — as well as from remittances from abroad that injected money into local commerce While immigration to the Vineyard changed Pereira’s life and the life of people in Goiabeira and nearby towns he has also honored the migration history of his ancestors to the region As in the myth of the conquest of the American West people celebrate their settler past in a big rodeo party every year: children with their hobbyhorses and adults with horse wagons and bull carts Pereira is one of the founders of the celebration called “Festa do Carreiro,” or “Bull Cart Riders Party,” running since 1996 the four-day party drew hundreds of people from nearby towns for the daily events a parade of dozens of horse wagons set off at the town entrance where shining silver letters write “Goiabeira” next to a statue of a man leading a bull cart and four black and white spotted oxes The procession then headed to the town center where people waved and took pictures of different generations of families riding together some carrying traditional Minas Gerais milk brasses my great-grandfather owned coffee farms and a fleet of bull carts,” Pereira said as they transported goods in the small towns in the area when migrants like his ancestors arrived from the coastal towns that region of the state was one of the last to be settled by the Portuguese in the 1800s the rodeo harks back to a frontier era with a dark side: wars that enslaved and exterminated local indigenous communities Like the Aquinnah Wampanoag on Martha’s Vineyard Economic extractive cycles of timber, iron ore, and by World War II, mica — which was exported exclusively to the U.S. — drained the region’s resources. Sueli Siqueira, a professor at Vale do Rio Doce University in Minas Gerais, investigated how this region became the origin of a pipeline for immigration to the U.S.  She found that it all started when an American engineering company called Morrison was fixing the Vitória-Minas railroad in the 1960s and they decided to stay in Governador Valadares after the project ended encouraged her students to do cultural exchanges in the U.S “The first immigrants were the children of the local elite who went to study English and found out they could work and earn money more and more started traveling to the U.S After establishing “Little Brazil” in midtown Manhattan those immigrants found other markets in need of labor it was the local middle class’ turn to emigrate “The ones who had gone before started financing others to move and work for them,” Siqueira said Governador Valadares is a regional economic center and transformed also into an immigration regional center spreading its influence to dozens of towns like Goiabeira the words “Governador Valadares” are a synonym of Brazilian immigration to the U.S Valadares even became Framingham’s sister city in 2004 Pereira thought about going back to Martha’s Vineyard to raise money when his job situation was not stable in Brazil He had reconnected with an old crush upon arriving back home: Maria Aparecida de Freitas They got married on the last day of 1988 — he left the Vineyard in the beginning of that year as they had to wait and see if there would be openings they could apply for young men migrated alone for a few years to raise money and go back home he was able to buy a piece of land near Cuparaque and a house in the town center but at the time it was not enough for the newly married couple “One day he got home and said he was thinking about going back to the U.S to improve our life,” Maria Aparecida Pereira said ‘If the idea is for you to go and for me to stay here I prefer that we divorce then.’” After that both got stable teaching jobs: He was a math teacher for 29 years and she was a Portuguese teacher for 28 years And now we are enjoying the grandchildren that keep coming,” she said and are expecting the arrival of their sixth grandchild Pereira himself never traveled back to the U.S. and took pictures of places he had heard his father talk about Pereira himself is uncertain about visiting the Island but he said he would like to reconnect with the people he met in the U.S. who welcomed him in the two years and eight months he lived in Boston and the Vineyard Maria Aparecida Pereira said she’s proud of her husband’s story: “I think he opened doors for many others who had even better opportunities than his It’s also a story of friendships; he tells us about being treated well by his employers and speaks highly of the Americans he worked for and with we stop at the top of a hill so Pereira can show me the exact place he took the Polaroid 39 years ago and it’s hard to see downtown’s square with its stores and parked cars from there because of the many multistory large houses on the horizon Pereira is proud of Goiabeira and likes enjoying a small-town quiet life — living a short distance from his mother and his wife’s family in a town where he knows almost everybody enjoying a level of safety not all in Brazil are able to have He calls his hometown a paradise: His house is one of the largest in the neighborhood and he enjoys a quiet life as a retired math teacher and hosting community radio shows in a small studio he built for himself dozens of feathered friends that he feeds in his backyard “Many were able to grow and earn a lot of money; some were very poor,” he said about people who immigrated to the Vineyard “I’m very happy they transformed their lives they can give a better future to their children,” he said The author of this inaugural piece of our series exploring how Brazilian immigrants transformed Martha’s Vineyard Paula Moura is a Brazilian journalist working in Massachusetts and an MV Times regular contributor it was her first time traveling to those towns and villages where so many immigrants to the Island come from She said everyone there was very welcoming and I had no idea how the Brazilian population arrived here The article also seems like a slightly different direction for editorial and I love it for its depth and ability to give me new perspectives The MV Times comment policy requires first and last name for all comments Nikolas Motta remembers what it was like walking into the Nova Uniao gym in Rio de Janeiro as a teenager with dreams of one day becoming a world champion “It was crazy because I would look around and see so many legends and guys that fight all around the world,” he said “He (head coach Andre Pederneiras) used to have like 15 UFC fighters in the room and so many guys that used to fight in Japan and be world champions Now I'm back and I feel nostalgic sometimes.” Nine and a half hours away from his real home in Governador Valadares the budding MMA fighter found kindred spirits who helped him develop his craft and get him to within striking distance of the UFC There was a stint on The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 4 in 2015 that put his name on the international map some ups and downs on the regional circuit and ultimately where he continued chasing the Octagon dream in New Jersey and Colorado that dream came true when he defeated Joseph Lowry to earn a UFC contract The bad news is that the 29-year-old hasn’t fought since Jim Miller and Cameron Van Camp at times last year he did so with an uncertain future until the phone rang “I got to a point when my manager called me to offer me a fight I'm ready to fight,’ and I would fight anyone I've been waiting for so long and I've been working my ass off for so long.” Luckily, that call came attached to an opponent Motta had already prepared for in the man with the most fights in UFC history, Miller. The only question was, would Motta go back to Colorado to train with the Factory X squad, or stay in Brazil and go back to his fighting roots? He chose the latter option and couldn’t be more excited. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Nikolas Motta (@nikolasmotta) “I think this time I feel in a better place mentally and more confident,” he said At the time I went to The Ultimate Fighter I was only 21 years old and I was only fighting MMA for two and a half years and I'm ready to fight one of the biggest names in MMA and UFC history and I'm happy and grateful for this opportunity I worked hard my whole life for this moment.” he believes he’s arriving in the big show at the perfect time Johnny Walker & Jamahal Hill | Best Finishes “I've been working my ass off the whole year of 2021 but I've been working hard the whole time and improving my game and getting better I take these fights way more seriously right now Maybe I wouldn't take it so serious when I was younger and immature Don't miss a single round of UFC Fight Night: Walker vs Hill, live from the UFC APEX on Saturday, February 19 on ESPN+ If you're trapped on an island and had to choose a handful of fights you couldn't live without Go Through All The Heavyweight Title Winners In UFC History Brazilian Brings A New Aresenal In Search Of First UFC Win Saturday At UFC Fight Night: Walker vs Hill This website no longer supports the Internet Explorer web browser Microsoft is retiring and will no longer support Internet Explorer.  Please use another web browser to access this website.   Click here for more details. a leading global supplier for freight and transit rail announced today a definitive agreement to acquire Super Metal a supplier of automated vehicles and equipment solutions that support rail operations Super Metal is one of the leading Brazilian companies in the maintenance of way segment in the rail industry This acquisition complements our Nordco acquisition and accelerates our strategy to expand into international markets The financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed “Super Metal's solutions and equipment for railway maintenance of way have synergy with Wabtec’s Services portfolio,” said Danilo Miyasato President & Regional General Manager of Wabtec in Latin America “The combination of these solutions will enhance our maintenance portfolio and offer our customers increased safety “This deal highlights a lifetime of work from an entire family and boosts the Super Metal's capacity to deliver innovative solutions to the market We are excited with this new chapter as a Wabtec business.” Super Metal has nearly 30 years of experience supplying diverse automated vehicles and maintenance equipment that include vehicles for rail and tie maintenance and project execution for day-to-day operations of railroads throughout Brazil.  “Super Metal is a great addition to our maintenance of way portfolio Their differentiated road to rail solutions will accelerate our international growth in key regions such as Latin America Group President of Wabtec’s Global Freight Services.  With Super Metal located in Governador Valadares city in Minas Gerais this acquisition provides Wabtec a robust rail maintenance portfolio in South America It also complements Wabtec’s existing freight rail manufacturing presence in Contagem Transportation solutions that revolutionize the way the world moves we help our customers overcome their toughest challenges by delivering rail and industrial solutions that improve safety 30 Isabella StreetPittsburgh, PA 15212 - USAPhone: 412-825-1000Fax: 412-825-1019 An official website of the United States government Watch Live at 11:30 a.m. ET: Results of Nationwide Law Enforcement Effort Press Conference View the latest ICE guidance on COVID-19 Get information about how to check in with your local ICE Office here Reportándose con ICE: Obtenga información sobre cómo reportarse a su oficina local de ICE aquí View in other languages Call 1-866-DHS-2-ICE to report suspicious activityReport Crime Learn More About ICE ICE's ERO officers uphold United States immigration laws by focusing on individuals who present the greatest risk to national security View the annual report Media Inquiries the archive contains content from a previous administration or is otherwise outdated This information is archived and not reflective of current practice For more information on EOIR, visit: justice.gov/eoir BOSTON — Fugitive Operations Team officers with Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) Boston arrested a Brazilian national wanted in his homeland for aggravated homicide on Feb The foreign fugitive is wanted on an active criminal warrant for the charge of aggravated homicide in Brazil a city in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais this individual could face up to 30 years in prison Border Patrol originally apprehended the criminally charged fugitive near Otay Mesa after officials determined he entered the United States illegally and released him on an order of recognizance pending removal proceedings The Brazilian criminal court issued the fugitive’s arrest warrant after the U.S. Border Patrol released him on recognizance, which flagged ERO Boston authorities. The Brazilian fugitive will remain in ICE custody pending the outcome of an upcoming hearing to be scheduled with the Department of Justice’s Executive Office for Immigration Review In fiscal year 2022 ERO arrested 46,396 noncitizens with criminal histories; this group had 198,498 associated charges and convictions These included 21,531 assault offenses; 8,164 sex and sexual assault offenses; 5,554 weapons offenses; 1,501 homicide-related offenses; and 1,114 kidnapping offenses ERO operations target public safety threats such as convicted criminal noncitizens and gang members who have violated our nation's immigration laws including those who illegally re-enter the country after being removed and immigration fugitives ordered removed by federal immigration judges ERO deportation officers assigned to Interpol also assist in targeting foreign fugitives for crimes committed abroad at-large in the U.S ERO manages all aspects of the immigration enforcement process ERO repatriates noncitizens ordered removed from the U.S Members of the public can report crimes or suspicious activity by calling 866-347-2423 or completing ICE’s online tip form Learn more about ERO’s mission in your community on Twitter @EROBoston For media inquiries about ICE activities, operations, or policies, contact the ICE Office of Public Affairs at ICEMedia@ice.dhs.gov Metrics details Leishmaniasis is a highly diverse group of diseases caused by kinetoplastid of the genus Leishmania with human pathogenic species separated into two subgenera according to their development site inside the alimentary tract of the sand fly insect vector The disease encompasses a variable spectrum of clinical manifestations with tegumentary or visceral symptoms Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is an important etiological agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis that accounts for more than 8% of all cases in endemic regions (L.) amazonensis is generally found in the north and northeast regions of Brazil (L.) amazonensis from dogs with clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares an endemic focus in the southeastern Brazilian State of Minas Gerais where L These isolates were characterized in terms of SNPs chromosome and gene copy number variations confirming that they are closely related to a previously sequenced isolate obtained in 1973 from the typical Northern range of this species The results presented in this article will increase our knowledge of L (L.) amazonensis-specific adaptations to infection parasite survival and the transmission of this Amazonian species in a new endemic area of Brazil although hindgut development appears to be ancestral These distinct disease features have been classified into tegumentary (TL; also known as cutaneous leishmaniasis or CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) The municipality of Governador Valadares in the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais is an endemic area for TL and a focus of intense transmission of VL identification of Leishmania species using molecular or biochemical tools has not been conducted in this area Our study has found important differences in terms of SNPs chromosome and gene copy number variation within L (L.) amazonensis and with the closely related species L (L.) mexicana that have not been explored previously As well as expanding our knowledge of the diversity and epidemiology of L this information will ultimately contribute to the understanding of some of the mechanisms of L (L.) amazonensis infection and survival as well as provide conclusive evidence of the presence of this species in VL-endemic urban areas Molecular genotyping indicates that isolates S3 and S6 belonged to the Leishmania mexicana complex due to the matched restriction profile with L. (L.) amazonensis/L. (L.) mexicana (Supplementary Fig. S3) whereas the remaining 34 isolates were genotyped as L (L.) infantum isolates were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 v3 platform at The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Raw sequence data was deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive with the accession number ERP016755 base and mapping quality as described in the methods This approach identified 23,921 and 17,624 SNPs between JPCM5 and isolates S3 and S6 13,474 variants were shared between both isolates This result contrasts with the lower number of variants called in the other three L (L.) infantum isolates against the JPCM5 (2,342; 2,318 and 2,149 SNPs in S1 This finding is consistent with PCA result for these isolates that shows a cluster of three isolates with the JPCM5 reference strain, while samples S3 and S6 were markedly different (Fig. 1). This result confirmed that isolates S3 and S6 were somehow unrelated to the rest of the isolates and therefore required further analysis. PCA shows that the S3 and S6 isolates to do not group with L Competitive mapping against the L. (L.) mexicana U1103 and the L. (L.) amazonensis M2269 reference genomes resulted in more than 78% of the reads from both the S3 and S6 isolates mapping specifically to L. (L.) amazonensis M2269 with a median genome coverage of 40.5 and 29.7, respectively (Supplementary Fig. S4) This result suggested that both samples had a closer relationship to L The resulting contigs were subsequently ordered into 34 pseudochromosomes assuming a similar chromosomal organization to the most closely related species available (L Comparing our assemblies for S3 and S6 against seven species we identified 294 single-copy orthologous loci (302,742 nucleotides) for phylogenetic analysis We identified the TVM model with invariable sites as the best model for the concatenated nucleotide dataset Concatenated dataset 294 loci (302,742 nucleotides) The x-axis shows absolute time scale in millions of years and nodes are located at the mean divergence This result shows that isolates S3 and S6 correspond to L (L.) amazonensis and have an 82Ky divergence from the M2269 L All nodes in the tree are supported with a posterior probability of one (red circles on figure) the most recent common ancestor of S3 and S6 existed around 1,900 years ago (4.6Kya-43ya) suggesting that the L (L.) amazonensis population in the vicinity of Governador Valadares could have been present for more than 2,000 years Columns represent the estimated haploid copy number for each chromosome. Mean genome ploidy is indicated by a dotted black line. The figure shows the read depth coverage on each individual chromosome (internal boxes) along with the number of expanded genes for each isolate The mean read depth is shown as a line plot for each chromosome in green for disomic regions and on red for expanded genomic regions read depth is evenly distributed along the entire chromosome 30 on both isolates suggesting that the whole chromosome is expanded The internal histogram displays the total number of gene expansions identified in each chromosome indicating that most expanded genes are located on chromosome 33 To confirm our estimates of chromosome ploidy for each isolate from read depth-based analyses we examined the distribution of allele frequencies across sites for each chromosome; heterozygous sites on disomic chromosomes should have frequencies close to 0.5 while those on trisomic chromosomes will show frequencies of 1/3 or 2/3 and those on tetrasomic chromosomes can show peaks at 1/4 The blue lines represent normalized counts of the proportions at heterozygous positions for all chromosomes The results support that most chromosomes are disomic in both isolates (L.) amazonensis is also likely to act during the transition to infecting metacyclic promastigotes These tandem gene arrays include surface antigen protein 2 (PSA2) may be particularly important for the more aggressive disease phenotype associated with L (L.) amazonensis that can range from DCL to VL infection The genomic analysis performed in this study of the two L (L.) amazonensis isolates allowed us to explore some unique features in terms of chromosome and gene copy number variations that are unique to this species (L.) amazonensis could be the result of different selection pressures to other Leishmania species Gene copy number variations in relation to L (L.) mexicana show that species-specific expansions exist despite the high similarity especially in expanded genes and tandem arrays in proteins potentially involved in cell differentiation cellular trafficking and parasite host interaction this mechanism could be crucial for invasion and survival inside host macrophages playing an important role for PSA2 and EF-1α and it may also be partially responsible for the broad clinical phenotype associated with different isolates including TL It is important to emphasize that because we are analyzing only two L it is difficult to obtain robust information about determinants of the disease This question should be addressed in a larger study with an increased number of L amazonensis isolates and oriented towards a comparative perspective against a VL species this article presents the first report of L (L.) amazonensis in Governador Valadares and shows a potential risk for current control efforts in the area that have been designed considering only the presence of L (L.) amazonensis presented all clinical symptoms shown by dogs infected with L This information provides evidence of the severity of L (L) amazonensis infection and might indicate potential involvement of L (L.) amazonensis in canine VL that should be further investigated We also find evidence that the presence of L (L.) amazonensis in southern Brazilian regions correspond to an ancient dispersion event rather than a recent introduction of this species as our two southern isolates are estimated to have a common ancestor almost two thousand years ago Sequence data from additional isolates from both foci would help to shed further lights on the epidemiology of L and exclude an alternative explanation of multiple introductions of this species to Southern Brazil Our results indicate that the EIE-LVC kit and possibly other diagnostic kits based on similar antigens can cross-react with L This cross-reactivity may have resulted in an underestimation of the distribution and prevalence of L This important drawback underscores the need to develop better diagnostic methods capable of discriminating between L (L.) infantum and to encourage the use of genomics into epidemiological studies Given the different clinical presentations of human infections with L surveillance efforts and control activities in this region should consider the presence of L (L.) amazonensis and address putative vectors for this species and the risks of co-infections in human subjects The upper right inset shows the location of the Minas Gerais State in Brazil the city of Governador Valadares (black circle) and the isolation site of the M2269 L (L.) amazonensis reference in the State of Para (green circle) we show the neighborhoods where isolates S3 and S6 were collected in Governador Valadares (Vila Mariana and Santa Helena Parasites were cultivated in Schneider culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin and streptomycin for up to three passages Genomic DNA was extracted from ≈109 promastigotes using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen) using the manufacturers protocol Sera from dogs were tested in triplicate by ELISA using the EIE-LVC kit supplied by Biomanguinhos following the manufacturer’s standard protocol This kit consists of soluble antigens of L (L.) major and has been widely used in public health laboratories in Brazil for the diagnosis and surveillance of canine visceral leishmaniasis Based on results from molecular typing we sequenced the genomes of five selected isolates Genomic DNA was sheared into 400–600-base pair fragments by focused ultrasonication (Covaris Adaptive Focused Acoustics technology (AFA Inc. USA)) and standard Illumina libraries were prepared These libraries were used to produce 100 base pair paired-end reads on the HiSeq 2000 v3 according to the manufacturer’s standard sequencing protocol a minimum per base average quality of 25 and a minimum read length of 65 bp (L.) amazonensis M2269 genome as a template Protein and nucleotide sequences from nine Leishmania species were downloaded from release v10 of the TriTrypDB database (L.) infantum JPCM5 coding sequences (CDSs) and the best match was retrieved for each gene Nucleotide sequences were filtered out using an in house Perl script to remove pseudogenes except for the Yule’s speciation process as a tree prior and the divergence estimate calibration points using a normal distribution to model the prior uncertainty in these calibration dates Times of divergence were obtained by combining estimated from 3 independent Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) runs in order to ensure convergence between the runs Each run had a chain length of 30 million generations with posterior samples retained every 5000 steps of each chain All information produced by BEAST was summarized onto a single “target” tree using the TreeAnnotator module of BEAST with Burnin of 20% of the samples and tree topology was represented using Figtree The mean read depth of these genes was then used to normalize each position along the genome Gene copy numbers were furthered normalized by the average chromosome haploid copy number calculated from the allele frequency analysis We employed a cutoff of 1.85 to discriminate between single-copy and expanded genes Comparative genomics of canine-isolated Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence Leishmania and the leishmaniases: a parasite genetic update and advances in taxonomy classification and geographical distribution In The Leishmaniasis in Biology and Medicine A Historical Overview of the Classification and Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites and Sandflies A revised classification for Leishmania and Endotrypanum Phylogenomic reconstruction supports supercontinent origins for Leishmania genetics and evolution: journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 38 Genetic diversity of Leishmania amazonensis strains isolated in northeastern Brazil as revealed by DNA sequencing PCR-based analyses and molecular karyotyping Immunopathogenic competences of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and L (L.) amazonensis in American cutaneous leishmaniasis doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01116.x (2009) Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in a reemerging focus of intense transmission in Minas Gerais State Re-emergence of leishmaniasis in Spain: community outbreak in Madrid Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Governador Valadares a transmission area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in State of Minas Gerais The genome sequence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis: functional annotation and extended analysis of gene models The Comparative Genomics and Phylogenomics of Leishmania amazonensis Parasite Comparative genomic analysis of three Leishmania species that cause diverse human disease Comparative genomic analysis of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chromosome and gene copy number variation allow major structural change between species and strains of Leishmania Evolution of parasitism in kinetoplastid flagellates Molecular and biochemical parasitology 195 doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.05.007 (2014) Evolutionary and geographical history of the Leishmania donovani complex with a revision of current taxonomy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 Parasexuality and mosaic aneuploidy in Leishmania: alternative genetics Evolutionary genomics of epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent Conserved linkage groups associated with large-scale chromosomal rearrangements between Old World and New World Leishmania genomes Developmental regulation of gene expression in the absence of transcriptional control: the case of kinetoplastids Molecular and biochemical parasitology 181 doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.10.002 (2012) Differentiation of Leishmania major is impaired by over-expression of pyroglutamyl peptidase I Molecular and biochemical parasitology 150 doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.09.004 (2006) Pyroglutamyl peptidase type I from Trypanosoma brucei: a new virulence factor from African trypanosomes that de-blocks regulatory peptides in the plasma of infected hosts Identification of a new developmentally regulated Leishmania major large RAB GTPase Biochemical and biophysical research communications 341 The promastigote surface antigen gene family of the Leishmania parasite: differential evolution by positive selection and recombination Genetic complementation of Leishmania deficient in PSA (GP46) restores their resistance to lysis by complement Molecular and biochemical parasitology 137 doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.05.004 (2004) A leucine-rich repeat motif of Leishmania parasite surface antigen 2 binds to macrophages through the complement receptor 3 Leishmania EF-1alpha activates the Src homology 2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 leading to macrophage deactivation Comparative in-silico genome analysis of Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani: A step towards its species specificity Induction of heat shock and stress proteins in promastigotes of three Leishmania species Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82 Leishmania infection in a population of dogs: an epidemiological investigation relating to visceral leishmaniasis control Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology 22 doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612013000400022 (2013) Novel insights into genome plasticity in Eukaryotes: mosaic aneuploidy in Leishmania doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08185.x (2012) Expression of a Leishmaniadonovani nucleotide sugar transporter in Leishmaniamajor enhances survival in visceral organs Determinants for the development of visceral leishmaniasis disease Screening Leishmania donovani-specific genes required for visceral infection doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07230.x (2010) The first records of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in dogs (Canis familiaris) diagnosed clinically as having canine visceral leishmaniasis from Aracatuba County Eco-epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in the urban area of Paracatu Implications of a Neotropical origin of the genus Leishmania World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated Culture-independent species typing of neotropical Leishmania for clinical validation of a PCR-based assay targeting heat shock protein 70 genes The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data Velvet: algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs Toward almost closed genomes with GapFiller Iterative Correction of Reference Nucleotides (iCORN) using second generation sequencing technology Scaffolding pre-assembled contigs using SSPACE ABACAS: algorithm-based automatic contiguation of assembled sequences Using OrthoMCL to assign proteins to OrthoMCL-DB groups or to cluster proteomes into new ortholog groups Current protocols in bioinformatics Chapter 6 MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses Phylogenies from molecular sequences: inference and reliability doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.002513 (1988) PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood BEAST 2: a software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis Circos: an information aesthetic for comparative genomics BiNGO: a Cytoscape plugin to assess overrepresentation of gene ontology categories in biological networks Download references DCB’s research was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Vacinas (INCTV)—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa (PRPq)—Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias (UFMG) CITBM is co-funded by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica HOV and JLRC received scholarships from CAPES JAC and MJS are supported by the Wellcome Trust through core funding of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (grant 098051) We thank Matt Berriman for his support of this work and members of the DNA pipelines team at WTSI for generating the sequencing libraries Laboratório de Imunologia e Genômica de Parasitos carried out most of the bioinformatics analysis contributed to the study conception and design and drafted the manuscript participated in the study conception and design and drafted the manuscript genome sequencing and writing of the manuscript participated in the bioinformatics analysis coordination and writing of the manuscript The authors declare no competing financial interests Download citation Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Spot Guide: Rincon Queen, of the Coast 6 of the Heaviest Waves in the World Five Decades of Surfing, Travel and Narrative Collide in Sam George’s New Book NewsAll NewsEventsBig Wave NewsWorld Surf LeagueEnvironmentalIndustryWave PoolsPosts List Boat Get Totally Wrecked by Wave in Indonesia (Video) How To Surf Till You're 100, Brainwork: Mickey Munoz hit Brazilian town; madman river surfer Paulo Coelho attempts to ride it It’s on the periphery of traditional surfing with eccentric wave-riders flocking to standing the Eisbach River (the OG in the river surfing realm) in Munich this next one is something entirely different It comes from the Rio Dolce in the Brazilian township of Governador Valadares Willy Wonka Chocolate Factory torrent is madman Paulo Coelho “The state of Minas Gerais had another day of heavy rain the volume of water was so great that it even formed waves in the Rio Doce He is a city businessman and says he already has many years of experience in the sport the Fire Department and Civil Defense warn of the risks of surfing in such a strong current.” For Coelho, however, this was just an everyday R&D session. On Instagram We’re unable to load this content right now View directly on Instagram “Testing the boards according to the volume of water from the Doce River and how they behave with the variation of wave size and shape.” Coelho advised that this activity is reserved for experienced river surfers only: “I don't recommend anyone who doesn't surf to get involved,” he wrote “Even those who have been surfing for a long time should contact us so we can tell them where the waves are and what safety points to take and what to watch out for so they don't run unnecessary risks.” at least nine cities in the region have declared a state of emergency due to the downpours after car was washed away while attempting to cross a bridge Approximately 5,000 peasants from all over Brazil will take part in the National Free Lula March organized by the Landless Workers’ Movement (MST) and La Via Campesina (LVC) The demonstration will take place in August 10th through 15th and will end in Brasília In addition to fighting against the prison of ex-president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva who is being held in Curitiba for more than 100 days workers will march to draw Brazilians’ attention to the severe economic and political crisis the country is currently facing The marchers will walk 50 kilometers (more than 30 miles) in four days in three different columns: one group will set off from the city of Formosa All columns will arrive in Brasília simultaneously and each will have around 1,500 landless workers marching Members of the MST from all 23 states where the movement is organized will take part in the march Protesters will gather on August 10th in each of the three starting points and the opening rally will join the National Day of Demonstrations and Protests of Labor Union Federations activists will plan a schedule with dialogue circles The idea is to promote the interaction between workers who are taking part in the demonstration and locals expanding the debate about democracy and the problems the country is facing it is crucial that Lula can run in the elections,” Gilmar Mauro Organizing a large number of people in such a huge demonstration can be challenging But the movement has long experience in this sense There was food for everyone and we had no incidents And this time it will be the same,” Mauro said The national march staged by the landless workers in 2005 and for two weeks peasants walked almost 200 kilometers (nearly 125 miles) to Brasília In 1997, around 1,300 landless workers held, in Eldorado dos Carajás, the National March for Employment, Justice, and Agrarian Reform. That march aimed to arrive in Brasília on April 17th, exactly one year after the Eldorado dos Carajás Massacre – when 21 peasants and members of the MST were murdered by Pará state military police officers The marchers set off from three different locations on February 17th and walked for two months through several cities of Brazil one of the columns set off from the city of São Paulo with 600 people; one from Governador Valadares with 400 members; and one from Rondonópolis Each column walked around 1,000 kilometers (more than 600 miles) approximately 100,000 people welcomed the landless workers expressing their solidarity and sympathy for the struggle for Agrarian Reform The episode became known as “The 100,000 March.” Thirteen years after the last great national march organized by the MST Gilmar Mauro points out the key elements of this demonstration “The goal is that the people will encircle Brasília and it’s very important that all activists from unions and activists who are not part of organizations can join this mobilization process Our understanding is that the only way to make sure we have clean free elections with the participation of ex-president Lula is to stage major people’s demonstrations.” Fuente: Brasil de Fato MARLBOROUGH — Kethlen Paula Alves Trindade DaRocha came to the United States from Brazil with the hope to improve her life and help her family back home Those hopes came to a tragic halt on Wednesday, when the 28-year-old woman was shot and killed inside her Rice Street residence. Her alleged killer and on-and-off boyfriend, Marlon Moreira Costa, 29, then killed himself in what authorities say is a murder-suicide "Kethlen was sweetheart — we're all in shock with what happened," said Junior Dantas started her own salon business in Brazil a few years ago a very successful salon but just a little over a year and a half ago decided to come to the U.S Her salon in Brazil is still active — her family is running the operation down there — and she was here working as a hairdresser and doing delivery Earlier: Police investigating death of couple as murder-suicide in Marlborough police responded to the Rice Street residence for a report of a shooting DaRocha's roommate called 911 at 10:05 a.m Family friend said couple had dated for a few months breaking up 'a couple of times'Dantas said DaRocha and Costa had been dating for a couple of months and had already broken up and gotten back together "a couple of times." On Tuesday night they got into an argument at his home and the argument continued until Wednesday morning with Dantas saying Costa threatened DaRocha and DaRocha told him she was going to call his mother and police "He went home and came back with a handgun he asked her to open the door," said Dantas he found a window with an AC (air conditioner) One other person in the house tried to stop him she grabbed her own son and jumped out the window after hearing a shot Neighbors helped her take shelter and called 911 — but when they (police) arrived Fatal stabbing: Marlborough woman is charged with manslaughter A GoFundMe has been created to help defray the costs of DaRocha's funeral the fundraiser has raised a little more than $3,200 of the $6,000 being sought "Kethlen Paula Alves Tavares Trindade Rocha came to the United States with the American dream of helping her family in Brazil but had this dream interrupted by a fatality," according to the GoFundMe I ask Our Dear Community to help us with the expense of her Cremation To donate to the GoFundMe, visit https://gofund.me/60133e36 The Middlesex District Attorney's Office said Thursday there was no new information about the case and it remains under investigation Dantas said he's helping the family arrange a funeral locally was really vibrant all the time and will be missed forever," Dantas said Norman Miller can be reached at 508-626-3823 or nmiller@wickedlocal.com follow him on X @Norman_MillerMW or on Facebook at facebook.com/NormanMillerCrime 43,000+ global companies doing business in the region 102,000+ key contacts related to companies and projects news and interviews about your industry in English Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Parece que a página que você está procurando não está disponível scholars have studied Brazil's southeastern city of Governador Valadares as the main source of Brazilian immigrants to the United States but work by a UMass-Amherst researcher may soon change that a geographer writing a doctoral dissertation on Brazilian migration found that a growing number of Brazilians in Massachusetts hail from Goias a state that shares borders with Minas Gerais "Minas Gerais has sent the highest numbers of Brazilians immigrants to Massachusetts," said Marcus Most Framingham Brazilians hail from Valadares and the close relationship between both communities was formalized in 2004 when officials signed a sister-city agreement between Framingham and Valadares who visited Framingham and traveled to Minas Gerais and Goias as part of his fieldwork found Goias natives made up a large portion of the local Brazilian community In a review of 1,200 job applications Brazilians filed at a Framingham center between 1999 and 2006 Marcus found 50 percent were from Minas Gerais and over 20 percent from Goias "Goias is an understudied state in the history of Brazilian immigration," he said "The migration corridor between Framingham and Valadares is the oldest and the most traditional one The corridor between Goias and the United States is newer and under-researched." The presence of Goias natives in Framingham and MetroWest goes back to the 1980s when Brazilians from Minas Gerais began immigrating here taking advantage of the networks developed by a group of pioneers most of whom hail from the Valadares region The proximity of Minas Gerais to Goias helped spur migration in Goias as the news of the benefits of working abroad spread across the region But Goias didn't become Brazil's second exporter of Brazilians overnight who owns a real state business in downtown Framingham recalled the days when he moved here in 1988 "I was one of the first people from Goias in town," said Maia there were 27 people from Minas (Gerais) and one from Goias Most Goias natives came here during the 1990s the 24-year-old woman who died after undergoing an illegal liposuction performed at a Framingham basement in 2006 Goias' officials estimate that 10 percent of its population lives abroad - between 400,000 to 500,000 of its 4.5 million residents - and that they send more than $1 billion per year to Brazil About 250,000 are said to live in the United States Not only researchers are taking notice of the exodus from the state that is home to Brasilia "O Popular," published a story about the subject saying "What happened with Valadares in the 1990s has been happening in cities in Goias over the past five years." "They are the new Valadares: The cities lose their local labor force and gain investments in real state." where she has lived since 2001 when she left Goiania With 30,000 of its 300,000 citizens living abroad Valadares is known in Brazil as the country's major exporter of Brazilians Goias is sending most of its population to Europe where many are finding jobs in the meatpacking industry a municipality of 24,000 that is quickly becoming the symbol of Goias' migration abroad Officials said 12 percent of Piracanjuba's population lives outside Brazil where many Goias natives are settling down some on their second migration from Framingham and others directly from Piracanjuba Due to the presence of so many Brazilians in Georgia officials will soon open a Brazilian Consulate in Atlanta Goias natives bring hard work ethics and strong entrepreneurial spirit to their new land who owns a clothing shop on Concord Street and Lindamar Martins and her husband Francisco who run a perfume shop next door to Guimaraes who co-owns Vera Jewelers with his wife Vera Dias-Freitas who owns "Ana's Shop," one of the most popular Brazilian shops in downtown Framingham The migration from Goias seems to have a strong religious component due to the influence of U.S Protestant missionaries that came to the state in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s "There is a transnational religious network," said Marcus "It's beneficial to join a Pentecostal church in Brazil because once you're in the United States the idea is that they'll take care of you." Religion played a big role in Wando Resende's coming here who was an evangelical radio host in his native Goias and a musical director was invited to come here to join a Brazilian church in Marlborough known as "Maestro Wando" for his musical credentials He hosts the most popular Brazilian radio show aired through Framingham-based WSRO 650 AM "People from Valadares discovered America for us," said Resende "Most Brazilians around here hail from Valadares There are so many of us that we feel at home here." Liz Mineo can be reached at 508-626-3825 or lmineo@cnc.com Petition reflects fears over rightwing populist presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro Some of Brazil’s most celebrated musicians, writers and public intellectuals have said Latin America’s largest democracy could take an authoritarian turn if rightwing populist Jair Bolsonaro emerges victorious from next month’s presidential election. Read moreWith less than a fortnight until the 7 October vote, Bolsonaro, a pro-torture former army captain who recently called for his political opponents to be shot many of whom hail from Brazil’s middle and upper classes see him as an iron-fisted antidote to the corruption and violence they believe is the result of 13 years of leftist Workers’ party rule But in an online manifesto that reflects mounting anxiety over a possible Bolsonaro presidency 150 prominent artists and thinkers denounced him as “a clear threat to our fundamental civilisational heritage” a trio of politically engaged composers who all spent time in European exile during Brazil’s 1964-1985 dictatorship Gilberto Gil is one of the signatories Photograph: AFP/Getty Images“It’s never too often to remember how throughout history and to this day fascist Nazi leaders and many other autocratic regimes were first elected with the promise of rescuing the self-esteem and credibility of their nations before submitting them to the most varied authoritarian excesses,” said the declaration The signatories called themselves a politically mixed bag with a common commitment to a free, tolerant, inclusive and democratic Brazil. They also include: rapper Mano Brown from the group Racionais MC’s, the actor Camila Pitanga, the director Fernando Meirelles, the novelist Milton Hatoum, the feminist scriptwriter Antônia Pellegrino The manifesto, which organisers say has attracted more than 180,000 signatures since being published on Monday is the latest in a series of anti-Bolsonaro protests to emerge in the lead-up to Brazil’s most unpredictable and divisive election since the return of democracy in the 1980s One anti-Bolsonaro samba circulating on social media features the lyric: “[Under Bolsonaro] we’ll have bullets, revolvers and grenades on our plates instead of rice and beans. Not him! Not him! Not him. For the love of God, not him! … If this chap gets elected and sees this video, I’m off to Japan. Not him! Not him! Not him. For the love of God, not him!” Read moreFears Bolsonaro could drag Brazil back into dictatorship are not confined to Brazil’s cultural and intellectual elite a 56-year-old taxi driver from the town of Teófilo Otoni in Minas Gerais state estimated that 40% of his colleagues backed the far-right candidate because of his hardline stance on crime But he felt they were making a grave mistake “Today we’ve got these silly billies going around saying: ‘Let’s vote for Bolsonaro Let’s have the military take back control of the country!’ They don’t know what they are talking about They have no idea what a dictatorship is.” a 27-year-old Bolsonaro supporter in the nearby city of Governador Valadares rejected claims his candidate was an authoritarian “I believe that when it comes to governing the country he won’t be a totalitarian who helps run the campaign of a local candidate for Bolsonaro’s party “He’s got a firm hand but I don’t think he’s a hard-line guy He thinks about other people’s rights,” Contão added “Brazil needs someone with the courage to fight for the people’s interests and the people’s rights.” Volcanic eruptions 600 million years ago inundated what is now Rio Doce Bay with lava Leonardo Gonçalves/UFOPSugarloaf mountain in inland Minas Gerais State: now exposed the block of rock once formed part of the Rio Doce arcLeonardo Gonçalves/UFOP Anyone viewing the mountainous landscape of the Brazilian Southeast would never suspect that this region was the site of a long chain of high active volcanoes some 600 million years ago the shape and position of the continents differed from what they are today and the mountain range extended along the shores of a gulf at one extremity of a narrow sea stretching for nearly 550 kilometers from the present-day city of Teófilo Otoni its peaks may have been as impressive as those of the Andes But we may never know the actual dimensions of this chain of mountains because like the narrow sea and the ancient continent What remains are fragments of the sea bed and of the rocks that once formed the deep roots of the chain of volcanoes These records are helping geologists understand the origin and evolutionary history of what is known as the Rio Doce volcanic arc “We worked to reconstruct the history and topography of this group of mountains,” says geologist Antônio Carlos Pedrosa Soares of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) In an article published in November 2015 in the journal South American Earth Sciences Soares and 14 other researchers describe how the Rio Doce arc emerged and was formed Soares and his colleagues collected rocks from outcroppings on the outskirts of the towns of Governador Valadares and Teófilo Otoni near the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo and analyzed their chemical composition and the age of the constituent minerals They combined those data with information from prior studies on the geology of the remnant blocks of the volcanic chain in order to reconstruct the region—the first signs of which were identified in the 1960s by geologist Fernando de Almeida of the University of São Paulo (USP) The compiled data now confirm that there is some variation in the age of the rocks in the arc near the Minas Gerais-Espírito Santo border in the area between Teófilo Otoni and Governador Valadares The ages were determined by analysis of the decay of radioactive chemical elements in the mineral zircon the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) the University of Brasília (UnB) and Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) “It’s a very consistent dataset,” Soares says Determination of the ages of the rocks combined with the study of the chemical composition and structure of their minerals produced a history divided into three chapters The Rio Doce arc probably began to form 630 million years ago when the then-existing pieces of continents were joined into a supercontinent near the South Pole one of the continents had a long peninsula that had formed from a very ancient continental embryo involving parts of what are now eastern Brazil and West Africa which geologists call the São Francisco-Congo Craton there was a narrow sea known as the Adamastor Ocean which was similar to the Red Sea and extended from the present-day state of São Paulo to Bahia State Between 630 million and 605 million years ago the movement of tectonic plates likely caused the oceanic crust in the region of the Adamastor Ocean to submerge beneath the Congo Craton triggering the formation of the volcanoes—a phenomenon similar to the forces now helping to form the Andes and causing volcanic activity in Chile (see infographic) new mountains formed and vulcanism expanded towards the shores of that primitive ocean between 585 million and 575 million years ago when the ocean had practically disappeared a large block of oceanic crust that was sinking beneath the continental plate is thought to have broken off and submerged beneath the Earth’s mantle there was greater warming of the continental crust and a final episode of volcanic activity “That was likely the final moment in the evolution of the Rio Doce arc,” explains Pedrosa Soares “when the ocean closed up and the edges of the São Francisco and Western Congo cratons came together.” Other groups have already identified remainders of volcanic chains from the same period in Brazil and other countries has had a history as fascinating as that of the Rio Doce arc formed between two continents at the edge of an inland sea the rocks at the extreme north end of the arc have an unusual composition They are formed from magma containing more melted continental crust than oceanic crust and were described by geologist Leonardo Gonçalves of UFOP in a recent paper published in the journal Gondwana Research a PhD student of Pedrosa Soares and first author of the article in the Journal of South American Earth Sciences we still need to clarify many details of the history of the Rio Doce arc “There are several rock formations that may be part of the arc but they still need further study,” she says © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved What are these? ' + liveStatsFacts[Math.floor(Math.random()*liveStatsFacts.length)] + ' Most Popular Now | 56,514 people are reading stories on the site right now."; Go to content Among the 55 programs with open seats are Cinema and Chemistry (Photo: Rodrigo Milanni/UFJF) The Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) in Brazil is offering 165 seats for international students from 74 countries in 55 undergraduate courses Students will have the chance to pursue a full tuition-free undergraduate degree at the institution provided they are proficient in Portuguese UFJF offers a new preparatory program with 15 seats that includes a one-year couse about Portuguese language and Brazilian culture classes after which students can apply for an undergraduate course Applications are open until August 23rd and must be submitted through Brazilian embassies or consulates in participating countries The seats are distributed between UFJF’s two campuses located in the countryside: the main one in Juiz de Fora Most of the opportunities are for enrollment in the first semester of 2025 the proficiency preparation course will admit 15 students at the Juiz de Fora campus Among the 55 programs with open slots are Cinema, Law, Production Engineering, Medicine, Psychology, Chemistry, and Tourism. Physical Education and Mathematics Education offer the most seats, with ten available in each. See the full list of programs and seats at UFJF over 8,100 seats are available in 108 universities and institutes a one-year linguistic and cultural program aimed at achieving proficiency in the Portuguese language after which students can begin their undergraduate studies These initiatives are managed nationally by the Ministry of Education (MEC) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs This is the first time UFJF has participated in the PEC-PLE Training at the Physical Education Faculty; UFJF is a public institution with tuition-free courses Eligibility requirements include the following: international applicants must not have dual Brazilian nationality or the right to Brazilian nationality at the time of application; they must reside abroad and be at least 18 years old by January 1 Applicants must also demonstrate proficiency in Portuguese through the Certificate of Proficiency in Portuguese for Foreigners (Celpe-Bras) or other means listed in the public notice. Check all the conditions on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website it is possible to enroll in the PEC-PLE program to learn the language at UFJF and then begin their undergraduate studies Applications are free and can be submitted until August 23rd at Brazilian embassies or consulates in participating countries Candidates from the Caribbean can also apply at the Brazilian Delegation to the Organization of American States (OAS) in Washington The selection process involves document analysis by the ministries Preliminary results will be announced starting October 25th.PEC-PLE applications are also submitted through Brazilian embassies and consulates The same public notice applies to both PEC-G and PEC-PLE PEC-G students may receive scholarships from the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in specific cases which provides R$ 622 (USD 113) monthly for six months candidates will have access to the University Restaurant while lunch and dinner are R$ 1.40 (USD 0,26) each Belphon Kiminu came from the Republic of the Congo to study Electronic Systems Engineering at UFJF (Photo: Alexandre Dornelas/UFJF) Belphon Kiminu came from the Republic of the Congo to study Electronic Systems Engineering at UFJF He holds a degree in Networks and Telecommunications from his home country Kiminu had to pass a Portuguese language proficiency test in the city of Chapecó “Studying at one of the best universities in the world has been an incredible experience and I found the connection between students and professors very interesting as the teaching methodology is quite different from that in my country it was very challenging at first because my Portuguese proficiency was quite low.” PEC-G is one of the best programs in the world and he was unaware of its existence for a long time I was very impressed because it offers many benefits a place to achieve my goals and where I can realize one of my dreams I have the opportunity to experience a new culture and a very welcoming community.” AdaptationUFJF has been participating in the PEC-G since its implementation in Brazil 60 years ago with the first students coming from Nicaragua in Central America to study Medicine the institution is joining the Portuguese as a Foreign Language Program (PEC-PLE) selecting 15 international students to take Portuguese language and Brazilian culture classes over one year.“With this significant investment in PEC-PLE at UFJF we will have the opportunity to expand the range of internationalization activities to provide opportunities for students coming to Brazil to share their languages and practices as a form of internationalization at home,” says UFJF’s Director of International Relations Part of the main campus located in Juiz de Fora The Federal University of Juiz de Fora (in Portuguese Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora) is a public university based in Juiz de Fora and Governador Valadares (Minas Gerais The institution is a scientific and cultural reference having an impact on the country’s development as evidenced by the highest grade obtained in a national evaluation ranking among the best universities in Brazil and Latin America.Juiz de Fora and Governador ValadaresJuiz de Fora offers a range of cultural options and a low cost of living in comparison to big cities the town combines tranquility and safety with a dynamic urban life Governador Valadares is home to the second campus of UFJF The city has around 280,000 inhabitants and is considered the paragliding capital of the world If you are the site owner (or you manage this site), please whitelist your IP or if you think this block is an error please open a support ticket and make sure to include the block details (displayed in the box below) so we can assist you in troubleshooting the issue According to the photographer and environmentalist Leonardo Merçon the water of Rio Doce river "looks like a chocolate drink with a rusty smell."Leonardo Merçon/Instituto Últimos Refúgios Governador Valadares is the most affected town after water supply was cut off since the mud from the collapsed dams in Mariana had arrived to Rio Doce river The population is queuing to buy mineral water and complains about the lack of solution to the problem The town is 300 kilometers away from the village where the dams burst and has a population of 280,000 people Water supply had to be cut off after the mud wave containing mining tailings reached the river which is the main source of local water supply The municipality declared state of emergency "I waited for more than two hours to buy them not knowing when we’ll have pure water again." For retired José Monte who has always lived in the town Governador Valadares is living the worst moment in its history "No one knows when there will be water again residents of the town have protested against the company Vale which together with BHP controls Samarco mining company responsible for the collapsed dams in Mariana They blocked the railway line used by the mining company asking for a solution to the lack of water supply Governador Valadares city hall reported that 38 water trucks run around the area to fill the tanks and return back to provide water supply primarily to hospitals 13) they will send 2.4 million liters of water a day to Governador Valadares the water of Rio Doce river "looks like a chocolate drink with a rusty smell." He coordinates the NGO Latest Refuges (in an unofficial translation) He went to Governador Valadares to check the situation and photograph it "It is possible to see fish dying asphyxiated shrimp going to hot rocks to escape the mud," he said "All living beings from Rio Doce river that need water to breathe have died," he added Merçon reported.Leonardo Merçon/Instituto Últimos Refúgios/Divulgação Merçon reported that many residents of the region are not aware of how delicate the situation is But many people have complained that the fish are smelly and say that the situation is becoming unbearable No one knows when things will go back to normal." Espírito Santo the mud should cut off water supply in the towns of Baixo Gandu and Colatina where there are more than 120,000 residents Residents of the town will be unable to get water from Rio Doce river," said State Development secretary João Coser to Agência Brasil the state government is seeking alternatives to stay for "weeks without water supply We need now to provide water supply to people And we’ll place some water tanks in some parts of the city," Coser added Governador Valadares (Minas Gerais)  - Mud passing over Rio Doce river led to an environmental disaster Leonardo Merçon/Instituto Últimos Refúgios/Divulgação The failure of Samarco's tailings dam in November 2015—destroying Bento Rodrigues village near the town of Mariana in Minas Gerais—is the largest release in recorded history over the last 100 years Considering the volume of residues released—50 to 60 million cubic meters (m³)— the accident would practically be equivalent to the sum of the world's two other largest accidents recorded—both in the Philippines releasing 28 million cubic meters; and another in 1992 releasing 32.2 million cubic meters of mud Data are part of the Bowker Associates' study— consulting about risk management for high risk heavy construction in the United States—in partnership with the geophysicist David Chambers But the disaster has beat not only the volume record which is the distance from the point of failure the released contents travels Samarco's leaked sludge broke another record—so far 600 km traveled an accident in Bolivia in 1996 second the ranking Bento Rodrigues village hit by the mud from Samarco's mining company's collapsed tailings dams Antonio Cruz/ Agência Brasil the companies responsible for the Brazilian disaster are being sued until now at $ 5.2 billion Researching court records and other government data the consultancy company found only one in recorded history post 1990 with damages as high as $1billion Although the exact numbers remain somewhat distorted the dam failure at Samarco's mining company is without question the largest tailings dam failure in recorded history based on these three severity measures a total of 129 dam failures—of the 269 known events—and forecasts one serious accident per year in the period of a decade All mining disasters have been caused by human error and faults for not following the best practices The coordinator adds that accidents are also caused by public partners' failure She further declared that one of the concerns is that Brazil allows the use of the upstream dams less stable method of construction in the case of large dams this is a deviation from the knowledge and practices generally accepted this inherent instability was exacerbated by the tailings rate  and the increasing rate which were well above the best global standards for dams," she added The study also noted another accident with dams in Brazil in September 2014 in Itabirito The Herculano mining company is responsible for the works two workers were killed and one disappeared Mariana (Minas Gerais) - area affected by the dam failure in Bento Rodrigues village in the town of Mariana in Minas Gerais Corpo de Bombeiros/MG - Divulgação The failures of Samarco and Herculano are just the two most recent examples of a government that has failed in the national mining policy No action was taken by the government at the state or federal level to identify the problems and prevent them from happening with new sudden failures Undersecretary of Environmental Regulation of Minas Gerais Secretariat for Environment told the committee formed at the State Legislative Assembly to investigate the dam disaster in Mariana that Minas Gerais government wants to ban the upstream dam system in the state but so far the company has not commented on data collected by Bowker Associates' study Eike Batista is a Brazilian-German entrepreneur who made a fortune in the oil and gas and mining industries becoming one of the ten richest people in the world in 2011 Eike Batista has a net worth of -$1.2 billion The chairman of the conglomerate EBX Group he spearheaded large-scale infrastructure projects in Brazil that ultimately bankrupted his companies Batista was sentenced to 30 years in prison for bribing Rio de Janeiro governor Sérgio Cabral with the purpose of obtaining public contracts Between August 2012 and August 2013, Eike Batista's wealth plummeted at a shocking pace. His net worth once peaked at $30 billion which made him the 10th richest person in the world and the richest person in South America He is the second of seven children of Brazilian businessman Eliezer and German-born mother Jutta Eike went on to attend the University of Aachen in Germany where he studied metallurgical engineering he worked as a door-to-door insurance policy salesman Batista turned his attention to the gold and diamond trades as well as buyers in large cities throughout Brazil and Europe Eike started his own gold trading firm called Autram Aurem; within just over a year he became the CEO of the Montreal-based company TVX Gold which established his relationship with global capital markets Following his implementation of the Amazon's first mechanized alluvial gold mining plant Focused on infrastructure and natural resources the Rio de Janeiro-based conglomerate consists of companies such as OGX Eike raised $20 billion in value through the operation of gold and silver mines in Brazil The EBX Group is also responsible for implementing Brazil's first commercial-scale solar power plant the group acquired stock control of the Canadian mining firm Ventana Gold which owns mineral rights in Colombia's historic In addition to its work in the infrastructure and natural resources sectors the EBX Group invests in areas such as entertainment focuses on urban development and income-generating assets and has a portfolio that includes Hotel Glória EBX Group supports over 170 social and environmental initiatives across Brazil including historical and cultural preservation Batista was once the seventh wealthiest person in the world with a net worth of around $35 billion in early 2012 He often boasted that he would overtake Mexican business magnate Carlos Slim to become the richest man in the world by 2015 within a little over a year of his net worth reaching its peak This was due in large part to the numerous debts he accumulated from working on large-scale projects and to the falling stock prices of the EBX Group His losses were also caused by a downturn in the precious metal mining industry in addition to the massive collapse of his OGX company which was only delivering 15,000 barrels a day when it claimed to be pumping 750,000 Batista's wealth decreased by more than 100% to a negative net worth Brazilian authorities seized cash and seven cars from Batista Eike has written about his fall from the billionaire ranks He has stated that he regrets launching his companies in the stock markets and that he should have used a private equity model to finance his ventures Batista was one of nine individuals issued a detention by Brazilian authorities as part of Operation Car Wash a high-profile money laundering investigation he was detained in a maximum security prison in the Rio de Janeiro neighborhood of Bangu and was shortly after charged with making $16.5 million in bribes to Sérgio Cabral the disgraced former governor of Rio de Janeiro Eike was convicted of bribing the governor in order to secure state government contracts He was ultimately sentenced to 30 years in prison Batista wed model and actress Luma de Oliveira Eike became romantically involved with lawyer Flávia Sampaio; together Batista competed in offshore powerboat racing in the 1990s Eike traveled the 220-nautical mile course between Santos and Rio de Janeiro in a record time of three hours © 2025 Celebrity Net Worth / All Rights Reserved