2024 – BASF’s Monomers division announced a production capacity increase for sodium methylate at its latest customer event in Guaratinguetá
the company increased the nameplate capacity of its sodium methylate plant in Guaratinguetá
Brazil to 90,000 metric tons per year
BASF shared with customers local initiatives from its Guaratinguetá production site
as well as its perspective for the sodium methylate production
Ramkumar Dhruva underlined the strategic value of the expansion: “This capacity increase is another step of our business expansion for sodium methylate in the South American region and underlines our commitment to our customers and the South American biodiesel market
we will continue our way to create sustainable value for the region.”
“I am very happy to celebrate this important expansion together with our customers and I am looking forward to continuing to develop innovative solutions for the region together”
“With sustainability in the minds of more and more organizations within South America
we see the market for biodiesel quickly expanding
We want to help our customers to grow their business while lowering their environmental impact
we ensure the continuous supply of sodium methylate.”
During the customer event participants had the opportunity to tour the site and learn about the Guaratinguetá Chemical Complex
the site is home for 12 other production plants
ranging over more than 1,500 solutions and products
Brazil is one of the world leaders in the use and production of biofuels
Its development has been leveraged by the established legislations to mix a percentage of biodiesel with petroleum diesel
not only promoting productivity and more sustainability in heavy duty transport but also helping different regions to create more economic opportunities for local citizens and companies
Sodium methylate is an efficient and reliable catalyst that provides a more sustainable solution for the production and use of biodiesel
meeting the requirements of engine manufacturers for high-quality fuels and lower emissions
Sodium methylate supports higher yields and low preparation cost for biodiesel
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Text description provided by the architects. The ceramic was the starting point of this project. Widely used as covering on façades, floors and walls, the ceramic allowed to explore many textures and different characteristics in each situation that it was employed.
On the façade, the first volume is coated with light bricks and contrast with the higher volume with dark bricks. A composition of three staggered volumes allowed the facades a volumetry that softens how tal the residence is.
© André MortattiLarge-format porcelain tiles cover all rooms floors. To ensure the integration of the rooms, there is no material transition between them, kitchen and veranda. A porcelain tile was chosen to allow the use of polished surface pieces in the internal rooms and pieces with natural surfaces on the gourmet terrace.
© André MortattiThe two floors are connected by a monumental staircase in concrete with cantilevered steps of 1.40 m
Entirely coated with a combination of white and black marbled porcelain tiles
the staircase is a major highlight in this project
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BASF is investing $67 million to expand its crop protection chemical plant in Guaratinguetá
the company will expand a plant making boscalid
an active ingredient that fights diseases in crops such as canola
It will build a formulation plant for Xemium
a carboxamide-based fungicide for soybeans and other crops
And it will erect a formulation plant for Heat
The latter two initiatives will be completed next year
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entered a new partnership with PTI Technologies Inc.
California (USA) and signed a contract to become the supplier of hydraulic manifolds for Embraer’s latest aircraft
Liebherr Aerospace Brasil welcomed several PTI senior leaders to its facility in Guaratingueta (Brazil) in the fall of 2019 for the celebration of the first strategic collaboration between the two companies
Liebherr Aerospace Brasil’s Financial and Administrative Director
stated: “It was a pleasure to host the PTI Executive Team at our state-of-the-art facility
We are very happy and honored to become a supplier for PTI
as this marks a significant milestone that puts us one step closer to our vision of diversifying our customer base
PTI's Senior Director of Supply Chain Management
“Liebherr Aerospace Brasil’s lean initiatives
process controls and cutting-edge technologies will allow them to be competitive on PTI programs
We are looking forward to a successful partnership with Liebherr to improve our overall customer satisfaction.”
Quality and Industrial Manager at Liebherr Aerospace Brasil
noted: “The visit from PTI was very successful
lean methodology and to delight our new partner with no nonconformities found during the audit
We shared our continuous improvement philosophy and best practices
and at the end of the visit we agreed on the new goals set forth for 2020.”
PTI will begin placing orders with Liebherr for three different kinds of manifolds to support the Embraer E2 during the first quarter of 2020
The time and place from which to shoot down an asteroid on a collision course with Earth would have to be chosen very carefully
the impact of a rocket could steer the asteroid closer to the planet
could deflect its trajectory while using less energy
This was the conclusion reached by physicists from São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Guaratinguetá
who performed simulations of the asteroid 101955 Bennu
and could one day cross paths with the Earth
There is a very low probability (0.0005%) that it will collide with our planet between the years 2178 and 2290
Under the supervision of Antonio de Almeida Prado and Othon Winter
Bruno Chagas evaluated the effects of Bennu being hit with a rocket at different points in its orbit
If the impact were to occur when the asteroid is approaching Earth in orbits prior to a direct collision course
it would possible to amplify the effect and change its trajectory using less energy (Scientific Reports
© Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved
The banker Orozimbo Roxo Loureiro created the 500 Club in the early 1950s
It followed the lines of the former 200 Club
founded by President Washington Luís to bring together influential politicians and businessmen away from the spotlight of capital cities
The initial idea of a social club did not prosper
and Orozimbo decided to develop a commercial and tourist enterprise in the area
which is well positioned between the two largest Brazilian cities
The gas station is configured by a slender sloping concrete roof supported by a succession of sculptural 'K' shaped columns, marking the fueling area. The replacement of two columns with walls defines the auto workshop. At the same time, a closed stretch in masonry that does not touch the slab encloses a section of unknown original use and compartmentalization. Different from the project, in this part of the building, the 'K' columns were replaced during construction by simple, cylindrical ones.
All works have some degree of mischaracterization, contrasting with their relevance. Fortunately, most of them are easily reversible. The architectural ensemble of the 500 Club was listed in 2023 as a heritage of the State of São Paulo by the Council for the Defense of Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Tourist Heritage (Condephaat).
Restaurant. Image: Gustavo Neves (FAUUSP)Technical Data
Name of work: 500 Club: Gas station; Restaurant; Residence; Entrance; Hotel blocks; Dining hall Authors: Oscar Niemeyer
Carlos Cavalcanti de Carvalho (engineer) Started year: 1951 Completion year: 1952 Address: Presidente Dutra Highway km 60 (22°47'17.2"S 45°09'25.1"W)
ARCHITECTURE d'Aujourd'Hui, Paris, no. 42/43, agosto 1952. CLUBE dos 500. In Acrópole, São Paulo, ano XV no. 174, p. 208-210, 1952. CANETTIERI, Ana Cristina. Clube dos 500. Um patrimônio modernista em Guaratinguetá. In: Minha Cidade, São Paulo, ano 23, n. 265.01, Vitruvius, set. 2022. FIGUEIREDO, Rolando. As obras de Oscar Niemeyer para o Clube dos 500 em Guaratinguetá (1951 - 1953)
Relatório de iniciação científica junto à FAU Mackenzie
Auto Posto Clube dos 500: excepcionalidade de uma linguagem Niemeyeriana no pré-Brasília
GUARATINGUETA, Brazil — Drug traffickers will face divine justice for the scourge of illegal narcotics across Latin America, Pope Benedict XVI warned Saturday, telling dealers that "human dignity cannot be trampled upon in this way."
Brazil and the rest of the region face dangerously high rates of drug abuse and traffickers must "reflect on the grave harm they are inflicting on countless young people and on adults from every level of society," Benedict said.
"God will call you to account for your deeds," he said before a cheering crowd of 6,000 on a sprawling lawn outside the "Fazenda da Esperanca," or "Farm of Hope," a drug treatment center founded by a Franciscan friar.
Brazil is the world's second-largest consumer of cocaine, after the United States, according to the State Department, and big cities across Latin America's largest nation are plagued with drug violence.
While surveys show cocaine use has been relatively stable in Brazil for years, drug-related violence is a huge problem, driven by gangs that control street-corner dealing and the transshipment of drugs to Europe and the United States from elsewhere in South America.
In Rio de Janeiro's teeming slums, gangs recruit children and engage in near-daily shootouts with police that frequently kill bystanders.
The violence is endemic in other Latin American countries, including Colombia, and Caribbean nations. In Mexico, gangs battling over billion-dollar smuggling routes into the United States leave a daily body count from beheadings, grenade attacks and execution-style killings.
The treatment center the pope visited claims an 80 percent success rate, giving addicts spiritual guidance as they milk cows, tend apple orchards and work as beekeepers.
Benedict donated $100,000 to the treatment center and told more than 1,500 recovering addicts wearing white shirts with yellow sleeves, representing the Vatican's flag, that they must become "ambassadors of hope."
"The Lord has given you this opportunity for physical and spiritual recovery, so vital for you and your families," the pope said.
"In turn, society expects you to spread this precious gift of health among your friends and all the members of the community."
Addicts who listened to the pope said his visit was important because Brazilian drug users are often ostracized and left to beg on the streets for drug money.
"We are excluded from society, but we are the ones the pope is coming to see," said Diego Cleto, a 19-year-old who started taking drugs at age 13.
But some doubted whether the pope's message to traffickers will have any impact.
"What the pope said is important for drug users, but religion doesn't matter to the dealers," said Felipe Kenji, 27, who has been under treatment at the center since December.
"They'll only stop selling drugs when they die."
The Guaratingueta treatment center was founded by Friar Hanz Stapel in 1983. There are now 31 similar centers in Brazil and 10 more abroad — in Argentina, Germany, Guatemala, Mexico, Mozambique, Paraguay, the Philippines and Russia.
The center is near the shrine city of Aparecida, where today Benedict will open a Latin American and Caribbean bishops' conference aimed at reversing the erosion of the church in the region.
Benedict on Friday lamented "difficult times for the church" in Brazil amid "aggressive proselytizing" by born-again Protestant congregations.
Brazil's census shows the percentage of citizens characterizing themselves as Catholics fell to 74 percent in 2000 from 89 percent in 1980, while those calling themselves evangelical Protestants rose to 15 percent from 7 percent.
The pope is expected to map out strategy to combat the church's losses when he opens the bishops' conference in Aparecida, 100 miles east of Sao Paulo.
The small city is home to the mammoth Basilica of Aparecida — as well as the three-foot-tall statue of a black Virgin Mary, called "Our Lady Who Appeared," the patron saint of Brazil.
The statue was pulled from a river in the 18th century by poor fishermen who were not catching any fish, and then caught loads in their nets. Miracles were subsequently attributed to the statue, and so many pilgrims flocked to Aparecida that the church built the basilica and inaugurated it as a shrine in 1955.
An alternative model suggests the asteroid belt originated in leftovers from the formation of the planets in the solar system
NASA The asteroids 433 Eros (left) and 253 Mathilde: 433 Eros is an S-type asteroid
rich in silica and typical of the interior of the belt; 253 Mathilde is a C-type asteroid containing carbon
more commonly found in the outer portionNASA
most the size of a stone but a few hundreds of kilometers in diameter
revolve around the Sun in the region between the orbits of Mars (the last of the four rocky planets) and Jupiter
This group of orbiting rocks comprises what is conventionally known as the asteroid belt
The origin of this agglomeration of asteroids is a mystery
but most widely accepted ideas assume that there was much more of this material in this region in the early days of the solar system
and that 99% of it was expelled for some reason
of the Orbital Dynamics and Planetology Group at São Paulo State University’s Guaratinguetá campus
and Sean Raymond of the University of Bordeaux in France
proposed a new model based on computational simulations to explain the origin of the asteroid belt which is in sharp contrast with more traditional ideas
In the September 13 issue of Science Advances they published an article containing the details of their alternative model
the region where the belt is located today had been a large void when the solar system was born approximately 4.5 billion years ago
rather than a place where matter was concentrated
as other better-known models have maintained
the current configuration of the belt is not the result of enormous losses of matter throughout the history of the system
“The most external portion of the asteroid belt originated as a by-product of the formation of the solid nucleus of the gas giant planets
Jupiter and Saturn,” explains Izidoro
“And the innermost part emerged from the residues of planetary embryos that were the origins of the terrestrial planets
Earth and Mars.” According to this hypothesis
agglomerations of materials that were not part of the composition of the gaseous or the terrestrial planets
were expelled to the area which at that time was empty
due to gravitational interactions and the dragging action of gas present in space
a “cosmic refugee camp,” the metaphor Raymond uses to describe this area filled with stones of different sizes
The new model also provides an explanation for the arrangement of the two main types of asteroids within the belt
The area farthest from the Sun is where C-type asteroids concentrate; they are dark and rich in carbon
and comprise 75% of the objects in the belt
brighter and with a high concentration of silica
C-type asteroids (which are also called wet asteroids) originated from material remaining from the formation of gas giant planets
“Water on Earth may also have come from these asteroids that eventually collided with our planet when it was still forming,” says Izidoro
who together with Raymond addressed this issue in another recent article published on June 30 in the scientific journal Icarus
are what remains of the materials which were used in the formation of Mars and other terrestrial planets
For months
Izidoro and Raymond ran more than 200 computer simulations to see how the planets in the solar system may have formed and how the asteroid belt consequently emerged
The simulations assumed that no primal material was present between Mars and Jupiter
and the researchers were able to virtually reproduce the current constitution of the belt
“Our next step is to test each of the existing models
to explain the asteroid belt and see what we can learn about the formation of the solar system,” says Raymond
Low density For astrophysicist Jorge Meléndez of the Institute of Astronomy
and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of São Paulo (IAG-USP)
the simulations by Raymond and Izidoro are very interesting and provide a new vision of the solar system
“The study shows that at the beginning of the system
a much more massive asteroid belt was not necessary,” says Meléndez
“One of the problems with the current model is explaining how this belt [which was supposedly so large early in its development] lost so much mass.” Currently
the mass of the belt is no more than 4% that of the Moon and is more than a thousand times less than the Earth
Although the asteroids within it spin around an enormous swath of the solar system
the belt itself has a low density of objects in relation to its area
has the same mass as one third of the entire asteroid belt
Project Planetary formation and dynamics: From the solar system to exoplanets (No. 16/12686-2); Grant Mechanism Junior Researcher; Principal Investigator André Izidoro (UNESP); Investment R$178,755.00
An alternative model suggests that the asteroid belt originated from leftovers from the formation of the planets in the solar system
most of which are the size of a stone but a few are hundreds of kilometers in diameter
This group of orbiting rocks composes what is conventionally known as the asteroid belt
The origin of this agglomeration of asteroids is a mystery; however
it is widely accepted that there was much more of this material in this region in the early days of the solar system and that 99% of it was expelled for some reason
Astrophysicists André Izidoro of the Orbital Dynamics and Planetology Group at São Paulo State University’s Guaratinguetá campus and Sean Raymond of the University of Bordeaux in France proposed a new model that is based on computational simulations to explain the origin of the asteroid belt and is in sharp contrast with more traditional ideas
In the September 13 issue of Science Advances
these astrophysicists published an article that contained the details of their alternative model
the current configuration of the belt is not the result of enormous losses of matter throughout the history of the system but rather a modest gain in matter
“The most external portion of the asteroid belt originated as a byproduct of the formation of the solid nucleus of the gas giant planets
were expelled to the area where the solar system would arise
which at that time was empty due to gravitational interactions and the dragging action of gas that was present in space
which is filled with stones of various sizes
is described by Raymond as a “cosmic refugee camp”
The new model also explains the arrangement of the two main types of asteroids within the belt
The area that is farthest from the Sun is where C-type asteroids concentrate; they are dark and rich in carbon and comprise 75% of the objects in the belt
C-type asteroids (which are also called wet asteroids) originated from material that remained after the formation of gas giant planets
addressed this issue in another recent article that was published on June 30 in the scientific journal Icarus
are what remains of the materials that were used in the formation of Mars and other terrestrial planets
Izidoro and Raymond ran more than 200 computer simulations to determine how the planets in the solar system may have formed and how the asteroid belt consequently emerged
The simulations assumed that no primal material was present between Mars and Jupiter and the researchers were able to virtually reproduce the current constitution of the belt
“Our next step is to test how each of the existing models
explain the asteroid belt and determine what we can learn about the formation of the solar system,” says Raymond
Low density For astrophysicist Jorge Meléndez of the Institute of Astronomy
“One of the problems with the current model is explaining how this belt [which was supposedly very large early in its development] lost so much mass.” Currently
the mass of the belt is no more than 4% that of the Moon and is more than a thousand times less than that of the Earth
Project Planetary formation and dynamics: From the solar system to exoplanets (No. 16/12686-2); Grant Mechanism Junior Researcher; Principal Investigator André Izidoro (UNESP); Investment R$178,755.00
Scientific articles RAYMOND, S. N. and IZIDORO, A. The empty primordial asteroid belt. Science Advances. September 13. 2017. RAYMOND, S. N. and IZIDORO, A. Origin of water in the inner Solar System: Planetesimals scattered inward during Jupiter and Saturn’s rapid gas accretion
BASF plans to spend $720 million to build a world-scale complex in Camaçari
To include the first acrylic acid and superabsorbents plants in South America
the facility will be BASF’s largest single investment in its century-long history on the continent
at its existing chemical site in Guaratinguetá
The firm already makes butyl acrylate from imported acrylic acid in Guaratinguetá
Acrylic acid is a precursor for superabsorbent polymers
The firm currently has acrylic acid and derivatives plants in North America
The decision to build the acrylic acid complex follows a
BASF plans to spend $720 million to build a world-scale complex in Camaçari
The decision to build the acrylic acid complex follows a feasibility study BASF undertook in March (C&EN, March 14, page 22)
The firm had proposed and then dropped plans for such a project in 2003
such as Dow Chemical and state oil company Petrobras
have considered building acrylic acid plants in Brazil over the years
the time has come for this important investment,” says Stefan Marcinowski
a member of BASF’s board of executive directors
“It will further strengthen our position and underlines our confidence in the development of the South American market.”
Construction of the acrylic acid complex will begin later this year; production is scheduled to start in late 2014
Brazilian petrochemical maker Braskem will supply feedstock propylene and utilities
The 2-ethylhexyl acrylate unit will start up in 2015
“Assuming the projects go ahead, BASF will have a significant first-mover advantage in the region,” says Ian Davenport, president of consulting firm Davenport International Associates
“They will also make BASF the first company to be truly global in acrylic acid and derivatives.”
we are discussing the madness that occurred at the Ft Lauderdale Pro Swim
Marchand has a few areas of improvement to work on if he hopes to return to his Paris form at the World Championships this summer in Singapore
having tight battles in both the 200 and 400 IM but ultimately touching 2nd in both
Cal Bear and Mexican swimmer Humberto Najera took down a pair of national records in the men’s backstroke events
the oldest swimmer to win a medal at a World Championship
would qualify for the 2025 World Aquatics with his record-setting swim
November 09th, 2012 International, News, Short Course World Championships
Brazilian backstroker Guilherme Guido broke a South American (and therefore Brazilian) Record this week at the Torneio Open de Natacao (Open Meet) in Guaratingueta this week
swimming a 23.18 that topped his own 23.31 swum at the Jose Finkel Trophy just a few weeks ago
specifically in a tie with China’s Xiaolei Sun for 10th
“I came down here at about 80%,” Guido said of the meet in Portuguese
“I have not shaved and I want to further improve at Worlds
I love swimming here and I consider this one of the best meets
Delarolli is the Brazilian National Record holder in the 50 free
This meet is serving as Brazil’s last qualifying championship for Istanbul
and Thiago Pereira declared that he would use it to decide if he would contend the 400 IM any further
He has wavered on his commitment to the event where he won Olympic silver this summer
saying that he might prefer to focus on the sprint freestyles to see if he can be the missing piece to push the Brazilian free relay onto the podium
He already had easily his qualifying time for Worlds
We’ll await official word when Brazil releases their roster
The Brazilian women continue to gain momentum
as 18-year old Beatriz Travalon of Pinheiros broke a Championship Record in the 50 breaststroke with a 30.80
She’s now within three-tenths of the National Record in the race (30.50 – Tatiane Sakemi) and this is a big personal-best for her
Joao Gomes broke the men’s Championship Record in the same race with a 26.63: a time that puts him in contention for a first ever World Championship medal (after teammate Felipe Franca de Silva won the 50 in long course last year)
despite claims for retirement and to have a child before she’s too old
as she broke a Meet Record in the 50 fly in 26.72
Nicholas Santos matched her with a record of his own in 22.65
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Discovery could contribute to better understanding of solar system's history (photo: Ceres photographed by Dawn spacecraft in May 2015 / Wikimedia Commons)
Researchers have found 156 potential fragments of the largest body in the solar system's main asteroid belt
By Elton Alisson | Agência FAPESP – Despite evidence that Ceres
the largest body in the solar system’s main asteroid belt (located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)
should have a family of fragments that originated from collisions over billions of years
no observations could empirically confirm this hypothesis
a group of researchers affiliated with the Guaratinguetá campus of São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Brazil
in collaboration with colleagues at the Southwest Research Institute in the US
have found traces of what may have been a family of the dwarf planet eons ago (i.e.
The researchers identified 156 asteroids whose taxonomy
color and albedo (reflected light) suggest they may be fragments of Ceres located in a primitive region of the main asteroid belt that is characterized by a relatively low density of objects
This discovery, resulting from a project that was supported by FAPESP
has now been described in an article published by the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
“Failure to detect a family of asteroids from Ceres has long represented one of the main problems in asteroid dynamics,” lead author Valério Carruba told Agência FAPESP
Carruba is a professor at UNESP Guaratinguetá
“The discovery of a possible Ceres family may contribute to a better understanding of the solar system’s history,” she added
while other bodies of the same spectral type as Ceres
until now no group of asteroids that could be fragments of the dwarf planet had been identified
there is evidence for believing that about 10 craters larger than 300 km in diameter should have formed on Ceres due to collisions with other objects in the last 4.5 billion years
Observational data from the Dawn probe corroborate this estimate by showing that at least two craters with diameters of about 280 km were formed in the last 2 billion years on Ceres
Dawn was launched by NASA in 2007 to examine Ceres
All this evidence suggests that Ceres should have expelled a significant number of fragments and formed at least two families
yet standard techniques for identifying dynamic asteroid families have not detected a Ceres family
“The usual method concentrates on observing objects near Ceres in the central region of the main asteroid belt,” Carruba said
“This may be because close encounters and linear secular resonances with Ceres have significantly depleted the population of objects in near proximity to this body
Secular resonance is a type of orbital resonance
which occurs when two orbiting bodies exert a regular periodic gravitational influence on each other
Secular (long-term) resonance occurs when the orbits of a body and another
larger body display a synchronized change in precession (i.e.
the orientation of their rotational axis or orbital path)
A secular resonance is linear when two such bodies synchronize a precession of the point of the orbit closest to the sun (pericenter) or of the orbit’s ascending node
and it may alter the smaller body’s eccentricity or inclination
is that more asteroids are concentrated in the central region of the belt
and the number of C-type objects is especially high
C-type asteroids such as Ceres are the most common; they are extremely dark
and associated with outer regions of the solar system
The central region contains two asteroids of the same spectral type as Ceres: Dora and Chloris
“When you perform a study using astronomical spectrophotometry to analyze the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from objects observed with a telescope
it’s hard to know whether C-type objects in the main belt are part of a possible Ceres family or belong to the families of Dora and Chloris,” Carruba explained
the initial ejection velocities from Ceres should have been significantly larger than those observed for any other parent body in the main belt
the collision fragments of Ceres may have spread over a much larger area of the main asteroid belt
making members of the Ceres family significantly more distant among themselves than the typical distances between objects formed in collisions from smaller bodies – hence the difficulty of identifying the Ceres family
the researchers decided that instead of trying to identify members of the Ceres family close to the dwarf planet in the central region of the asteroid belt
they would investigate a pristine (primitive) region of the belt between the 5J: 2a and 7J: -3a mean-motion resonances with Jupiter
Their hypothesis is that fragments of Ceres in the order of kilometers may have reached this region of the main asteroid belt
which was depleted during the Late Heavy Bombardment
which is believed to have occurred between 4.3 billion and 3.8 billion years ago
an immense number of asteroids collided with other objects in the solar system
making a great many craters on the moon and other bodies
the influx of outside material from other areas of the asteroid belt into the pristine region has been limited
another advantage of studying the pristine region is the absence of other large C-type families with eccentricities and inclinations comparable to those of Ceres
making it easier to identify possible members of the Ceres family in this region,” Carruba said
The orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle
the researchers studied the albedo and color of the objects found in the pristine region
Their analysis pointed to 156 objects in the region whose photometry and albedo were compatible with those of C-type asteroids such as Ceres
which reflects only 9% of the sunlight that falls on it
The statistical studies performed by the researchers also indicated that the distribution of these objects’ inclinations is compatible with their having originated from Ceres
“We don’t yet have definitive proof that a Ceres family exists
because the objects we identified are C-type candidates
and complete visible and infrared spectra haven’t been obtained yet to confirm the classification
But the circumstantial evidence is very strong,” Carruba said
adding that there are no sources of C-type objects in the pristine region of the main belt capable of explaining the concentration of this type of asteroid in the region
The article “Footprints of a possible Ceres asteroid paleofamily” (doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw380), by Carruba et al., can be read in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society at http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/content/458/1/1117
The article “Footprints of a possible Ceres asteroid paleofamily” (doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw380), by Carruba et al., can be read in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society at http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/content/458/1/1117.