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Computer vision systems identify the quality of wood boards and their tree species
Two artificial vision systems that use images to identify and classify woods have recently been developed in São Paulo
was designed by researchers from São Paulo State University’s (Unesp) Itapeva campus
and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Computation at the University of São Paulo (ICMC-USP) in São Carlos
a computer and a software program that differentiates the wood into three categories: A (Excellent)
created at the USP Physics Institute in São Carlos (IFSC-USP)
is a mathematical method that led to software that can determine the species of tree that the board came from
The two technologies are intended primarily for the wood and furniture industries
The wood industry usually uses technicians who classify board quality by visual inspection
It is a subjective process that relies on the quality of their training
and the percentage of correctly identified wood is therefore not very high
Studies show that the level of accuracy hovers at approximately 65%
mechanical engineer Carlos de Oliveira Affonso
a professor in the wood industry engineering program at Unesp/Itapeva; computer scientist André Luís Debiaso Rossi
a professor in the production engineering program at Unesp/Itapeva; and civil engineer Fábio Henrique Antunes Vieira
a professor at the Capão Bonito School of Technology in São Paolo State designed an instrument to perform wood classification automatically
The NeuroWood project is receiving support from the Center for Mathematical Sciences Applied to Industry (CeMEAI)
Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs) funded by FAPESP
a monitor and a programmable logic controller (PLC)—a microprocessor that handles the interface between the computer and the actuators (electric motors or conveyor belts)
In the case of NeuroWood, the system was “taught” to classify the wood boards according to their quality (A, B or C). The software was provided with data on levels of quality and board defects, such as knots and cracks. A database was then created from more than 600 photos of samples of all three qualities. The photos were processed to improve contrast and brightness and to highlight details, taking into account features such as texture and color.
One of the programs was tested in a sawmill under actual conditions and yielded a high level of accuracy
According to Affonso, the results were satisfactory. “The system’s wood classification performance was similar to what we observed in the lab,” he noted. “It is now analyzing 45 boards per minute—a task that would require six workers. The level of accuracy, 85%, was also higher than that of the specialized technicians.”
Alan Marques / Folhapress Artificial vision systems could help with the inspection process in Brazil’s wood industryAlan Marques / Folhapress
the program is fed microimages of wood pieces
“Each species has a distinct composition of cellular structures that differentiates it from the others,” Bruno says
“The software analyzes the microscopic patterns formed by the wood’s cellular arrangements.”
Bruno explains that this project is an offshoot of another project being conducted by his team
long-term study of plant biodiversity and identification and plant physiology using computers
In the case of the microimage identification software
“The article was published in a scientific journal in that field
and it could attract attention from companies that are interested in turning it into a product,” he conjectures
there is no quality control or inspection system that can verify commercial wood species
“Our software can be used for quality control
It could be used by inspectors to ensure that a given shipment of wood was not sourced from a forest reserve
or from a species protected by law because it is native or in danger of extinction.”
was the subject of a patent filing at the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) and is ready for use
The company that offered its production line for system testing could be one of the first to adopt it
Sguario produces between 15,000 and 20,000 wood boards per day and does not routinely classify boards according to quality
The pieces are evaluated only by their size
“It would be practically impossible to do a board-by-board visual inspection,” says Luiz José Sguario Neto
it’s possible to separate boards by quality and use differentiated pricing.”
similar systems on the global market that also use computer vision to classify wood
which hinders acquisition by small and medium-sized companies
“The cost of installing the equipment runs around R$65,000
and imported systems are about R$1.8 million,” Affonso says
“The difference is due to the fact that we are developing our own software.” To enable the system to be freely used with no need to purchase commercial packages
all the routines were written in open-access computer language
The use of cryptography makes it difficult to pirate the software
Affonso has no plans to establish a company to make the software
“Our group’s focus is to operate academically,” he says
in partnership with com the University of Oulu in Finland
a contract has been signed between Unesp and that institution’s Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS) to promote student-faculty exchanges
the Finnish group noticed that the main difficulty in building an automated image classification system lies in the computer learning phase
It requires a great deal of manual labor to build the database needed for the program to learn from the samples,” Affonso comments
He has been doing postdoctoral research in Finland since February 2017 and will remain there until the end of 2018 to study ways to speed up the on-line learning process
and prioritize them during the learning process.”
who heads the wood industry engineering program at Unesp/Itapeva
believes Affonso’s project is important because it involves undergraduate students and because it partners with lumber companies
“It has shown a high-level capacity on the part of the university’s applied research for solving production-related problems,” he explains
“Brazil’s lumber potential is unmatched around the world; it calls for specialized personnel and high-level research,” he points out
“These factors contribute urgently necessary added value to wood-based products.”
Scientific articles AFFONSO, C. et al. Deep learning for biological image classification. Expert Systems with Applications. May 17, 2017. SILVA, N. R. et al. Automated classification of wood transverse cross-section micro-imagery from 77 commercial Central-African timber species
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A Brazilian actor died after accidentally hanging himself during the play "The Passion of the Christ," CNN reported
was one of the actors from a local theater company taking part in an independent production of the play April 6 in the city of Itarare
Klimeck died Sunday after spending more than two weeks in a medically induced coma due to extensive brain injuries from a prolonged lack of oxygen after accidentally hanging himself
according to the Hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia
The cause of death was not immediately available
Photos taken by a local photographer show the final moments of the play as Klimeck
hangs himself as described in the Bible in the book of Matthew
Klimeck wore a harness under his robe during the play
Police investigator Jose Victor Bassetti told the news station this was the third year the local fire department let the theater company borrow the harness for the play and that Klimeck was not supervised because he knew how to use the equipment
are now being analyzed at the Criminal Institute of Sorocaba
Luiz Carlos Rosner owns a sandwich cart next to the city square where the play was taking place
He described the anxiety after cast members realized Klimeck was unconscious
explaining there was someone unconscious hanging from the rope and that he wanted to cut it," Rosner told TV Record
"I was a little worried about giving him a knife in the middle of the crowd."
We need your support so Novinite.com can keep delivering news and information about Bulgaria
a day dedicated to honoring the Holy Virgin Mary
regarded as the most significant Christian holiday
is celebrated annually in Bulgarian homes with great joy
Holy Saturday marks the final day of Holy Week
positioned between the sadness of Christ’s entombment and the joy of His anticipated resurrection
A 12-meter cross featuring a crucified Jesus Christ has been installed at a roundabout in the Bulgarian town of Elin Peli
Good Friday falls on the Friday preceding Easter Sunday
is marked by the themes of humility and spiritual instruction
The European Commission is proposing significant changes to EU regulations concerning road safety and vehicle registration
According to preliminary data from Eurostat
the eurozone economy grew by 0.4% in the first quarter of the year compared to the previous three months
doubling the 0.2% increase recorded at the end of 2024
The European Commission has announced a €910 million investment under the European Defence Fund (EDF) to enhance defence manufacturing capabilities across the European Union
The European Commission has strongly condemned the circumstances surrounding the death of Ukrainian journalist Viktoriia Roshchyna
Friedrich Merz is poised to become Germany's next chancellor following the approval of a coalition agreement between his CDU/CSU bloc
European countries are struggling to mobilize even 25,000 troops to Ukraine for a potential peacekeeping mission
Google Street View Cars Return to Bulgaria for Major Mapping Update
Housing Prices Soar in Bulgaria’s Major Cities as Demand and Supply Strain Increase
“Brotherhood,” or “Irmandade” in Portuguese
depicts a world of street thugs who raise their voices against police brutality and violence inside the Colonel Roberto Tibirica penitentiary
also known as the “mousetrap,” situated in Itapeva
Edson Ferreira runs a faction inside the prison whose sole motive is to stand up for prisoners’ rights and fight oppression against them
their methods of seeking justice are incredibly violent
because of which they are labeled as a criminal organization
employ any means possible to curb the violent rebellion
there is a woman named Cristina “Cris” Ferreira
who works as a criminal lawyer under the District Attorney in Itapeva
Cristina comes across Edson’s file and finds out about the criminal faction that he is running in prison and
he has planned the brutal murder of a snitch who was working for Andrade to bring down the Brotherhood
As an act of redemption for her past actions
which instantly pulls her into the world of crime from which she tries to escape throughout the series
the narrative majorly follows Cristina in her struggle to escape the shadows of her own older brother and protect herself and her younger brother from the world of crime
her blood relations and close ties with a violent criminal complicate her situation as a character
which further adds captivating conflicts to the story
Cristina “Cris” Ferreira works in the District Attorney’s office and lives a peaceful life with her younger brother
who sells hotdogs on the street to support himself and his pregnant girlfriend
who was arrested in 1974 for drug possession and committed a number of crimes inside the prison
because of which he has been in jail for 20 years now
Edson is charged with yet another murder that involves the brutal murder of a prisonmate who was stabbed 10 times and then left in the prison yard
informs the judge that the person murdered was helping the police in their investigation
Scavenger escaped from the prison some time ago and has been running the operations of the Brotherhood from the outside
occasional heists and other related crimes to fund the organization
notices her shedding tears for her brother
She meets Cristina sometime later and requests that she save Edson from the hole where he is being tortured by warden Oliverio Noronha
Darlene reminded Cristina how she ratted on her brother years ago and informed her father about the drugs that Edson had been hiding inside the house
didn’t wait a moment and called the authorities
Cristina holds herself responsible for her brother’s miseries and thus tries to convince the DA to take legal action against Oliverio and help Edson in his cause
when her senior refuses to participate in it
Cristina forges her signature and meets with Oliverio
where she threatens him to take Edson out of the hole
Oliverio agrees to do so but smells foul play and hence hands over the legal notice that Cristina brought to him to Andrade
who arrests Cristina instantly after he finds out that she tried to forge legal documents
Andrade puts forward a condition in front of Cristina
according to which he will burn the papers and let her go if she becomes a police informant and makes contact with Edson in order to find out Scavenger’s whereabouts
Cristina gets stuck between the police and the criminals as she tries to crawl her way out
She is pushed deeper and deeper into the world of crime
Cristina finally went to the prison to meet her brother
and asked him to let her work for him as an attorney for the Brotherhood
convinced Edson that Cristina wouldn’t betray them
with the help of Darlene and Edson’s lawyer
They were planning to rob an armored vehicle
Scavenger didn’t reveal any information in front of her
Cristina understood that it was impossible for her to get any information from Scavenger
She convinced Darlene to snitch on Scavenger after he tried to misbehave with her
Darlene gave Scavenger’s whereabouts to Andrade
who arrested him and sent him back to prison
warden Oliverio Noronha requested the authorities to send him back to the mousetrap
Oliverio planned to fuel the rivalry between Edson and Scavenger in order to dismantle the Brotherhood and influence them to fight against each other
but Edson refused to accept that his beloved wife was a snitch in the gang
Scavenger formed a new gang called the Cult
while Darlene planned a prison breakout so that she could get Edson and other gang members before they got caught in a gang war
Cristina and Darlene took care of the armored car robbery and saved a lot of money that they used to hire men to dig up a tunnel in the basement of the house that led to the Colonel Roberto Tibirica penitentiary
the police had been keeping an eye on Darlene
and hence she went underground while handing over the responsibility of the tunnel to Cristina
Everything was going perfectly until the diggers met a dead end as they found a concrete wall in between them and the prison
Cristina and Darlene planned to blow up the wall with the help of Ivan
the explosives would have made a lot of noise
and hence they decided to execute their plan during the 1994 FIFA World Cup
They believed that if Brazil won the final
then there would be a celebration all around them
and they would be able to hide the sound of the explosion amidst the noise of firecrackers burning all over the city
Everything was planned perfectly until Marcel was arrested
A member of the Brotherhood betrayed the gang and pointed a gun at Cristina
He threatened Cristina to give him all the heist money
and he was about to shoot her when Marcel intervened and killed the person blackmailing her sister
Cristina and Marcel tried to dispose of the body
but Marcel accidentally dropped his business cards near the scene
which brought police officers to his doorstep
and informed him about the prison break in exchange for Marcel’s release
he opened fire on the gang members and hunted them down like animals
All the gang members who broke out of the prison were shot
The media applauded Andrade’s heroic efforts
and he got back the recognition that was tainted after the armored car robbery
but Cristina was emotionally tormented as she blamed herself for the death of Edson’s best friend
and many others who were mercilessly shot by the police for no apparent reason
Andrade had promised Cristina not to harm any of the prisoners
Cristina and Darlene kidnapped a news reporter named Lidia Neves and brought her to the hideout
where they threatened her to read a letter in front of the camera that would inform the authorities about police brutality and violence and the injustice caused to the prisoners at the mousetrap
Darlene sent the videotape to the news channel and blackmailed them into playing it if they wanted to see Lidia alive
Andrade intervened and tried to find Lidia himself
she requested Cristina to lead the operation and send Lidia’s severed finger to the news channel to make them realize the seriousness of the situation
Cristina was hesitant about committing such a crime
but when Andrade busted their hideout and shot Viola’s son
the footage was immediately telecasted on the news channel and brought enough attention to Brotherhood and its cause.
Oliverio Noronha tried to curb the rebellion and stop Edson from gaining power
and thus brought him back to the mousetrap as soon as he gained consciousness in the hospital
Oliverio persuaded Scavenger to stab Edson in the infirmary so that he could rule the prison yard in Edson’s absence
and convinced him to stab Edson in exchange for his freedom
he assisted him in taking an officer hostage
which helped Edson to take over the entire prison
Edson killed Scavenger in the prison yard and later captured the prison
Oliverio had his SWAT team ready to contain the situation
he couldn’t go around slaughtering prisoners anymore
and he used the opportunity to bring in the secretary of public safety at the mousetrap for further negotiations
As soon as the secretary arrived at the scene
Edson demanded the immediate resignation of Oliverio Noronha in front of the media
the secretary agreed to Edson’s demands
and the entire Brotherhood celebrated their victory
Darlene found out that Marcel had been arrested by the police and was released a day before the slaughter of the members of the Brotherhood gang
She believed that Marcel was the snitch but later found out that it was Cristina who had been leaking the information to the police
she promised to help Darlene take revenge on Andrade and also recover a voice recording through which he was trying to blackmail her
Cristina called Andrade and arranged a meeting at his private office
and Cristina reached the office early and burned down all the papers while they waited for Andrade’s arrival
while Cristina and her thug were busy disposing of the evidence
Cristina saw the voice recorder and took the cassette from it
she hinted to him about the impending danger
Andrade killed the thug in a gunfight while Darlene tried to shoot him
she saw Andrade trying to suffocate Darlene
Cristina waited for Andrade to kill Darlene
she pointed a gun at Andrade and shot him in the head in her attempt to cut all her ties with the world of crime
She wanted to leave everything behind and get back to her peaceful life again
but the closing shot of “Brotherhood” Season 1 depicted that Darlene was still alive
but Darlene already knew how Cristina snitched upon the gang
the Brotherhood lost some of the important members
She might reveal this information to Edson in “Brotherhood” Season 2
Cristina still possesses the voice recording of Darlene that established the fact that she was the one who got Scavenger arrested
both his sister and his wife are the snitches
the two would crack a deal to stay out of each other’s lives
then Season 2 will bring further twists and turns to add to the drama
Edson and his gang might have achieved the resignation of Oliverio Noronha
but it is no guarantee that the next warden is going to be less cruel
they will impose heavy regulations on the prisoners inside the mousetrap so that they might not plan another rebellion like this again
the Brotherhood has no connection left with the outside world
and hence their financial funding is hampered
Edson might feel the need to escape the prison
See More: ‘Brotherhood (Irmandade)’ Season 2: Ending, Explained – Is Edson Dead? What Happened To Cristina and Ivan?
‘Brotherhood’ (or Irmandade) is a 2019 Crime Thriller series created by Pedro Morelli.