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Computer vision systems identify the quality of wood boards and their tree species Two artificial vision systems that use images to identify and classify woods have recently been developed in São Paulo was designed by researchers from São Paulo State University’s (Unesp) Itapeva campus and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Computation at the University of São Paulo (ICMC-USP) in São Carlos a computer and a software program that differentiates the wood into three categories: A (Excellent) created at the USP Physics Institute in São Carlos (IFSC-USP) is a mathematical method that led to software that can determine the species of tree that the board came from The two technologies are intended primarily for the wood and furniture industries The wood industry usually uses technicians who classify board quality by visual inspection It is a subjective process that relies on the quality of their training and the percentage of correctly identified wood is therefore not very high Studies show that the level of accuracy hovers at approximately 65% mechanical engineer Carlos de Oliveira Affonso a professor in the wood industry engineering program at Unesp/Itapeva; computer scientist André Luís Debiaso Rossi a professor in the production engineering program at Unesp/Itapeva; and civil engineer Fábio Henrique Antunes Vieira a professor at the Capão Bonito School of Technology in São Paolo State designed an instrument to perform wood classification automatically The NeuroWood project is receiving support from the Center for Mathematical Sciences Applied to Industry (CeMEAI) Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs) funded by FAPESP a monitor and a programmable logic controller (PLC)—a microprocessor that handles the interface between the computer and the actuators (electric motors or conveyor belts) In the case of NeuroWood, the system was “taught” to classify the wood boards according to their quality (A, B or C). The software was provided with data on levels of quality and board defects, such as knots and cracks. A database was then created from more than 600 photos of samples of all three qualities. The photos were processed to improve contrast and brightness and to highlight details, taking into account features such as texture and color. One of the programs was tested in a sawmill under actual conditions and yielded a high level of accuracy According to Affonso, the results were satisfactory. “The system’s wood classification performance was similar to what we observed in the lab,” he noted. “It is now analyzing 45 boards per minute—a task that would require six workers. The level of accuracy, 85%, was also higher than that of the specialized technicians.” Alan Marques / Folhapress Artificial vision systems could help with the inspection process in Brazil’s wood industryAlan Marques / Folhapress the program is fed microimages of wood pieces “Each species has a distinct composition of cellular structures that differentiates it from the others,” Bruno says “The software analyzes the microscopic patterns formed by the wood’s cellular arrangements.” Bruno explains that this project is an offshoot of another project being conducted by his team long-term study of plant biodiversity and identification and plant physiology using computers In the case of the microimage identification software “The article was published in a scientific journal in that field and it could attract attention from companies that are interested in turning it into a product,” he conjectures there is no quality control or inspection system that can verify commercial wood species “Our software can be used for quality control It could be used by inspectors to ensure that a given shipment of wood was not sourced from a forest reserve or from a species protected by law because it is native or in danger of extinction.” was the subject of a patent filing at the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) and is ready for use The company that offered its production line for system testing could be one of the first to adopt it Sguario produces between 15,000 and 20,000 wood boards per day and does not routinely classify boards according to quality The pieces are evaluated only by their size “It would be practically impossible to do a board-by-board visual inspection,” says Luiz José Sguario Neto it’s possible to separate boards by quality and use differentiated pricing.” similar systems on the global market that also use computer vision to classify wood which hinders acquisition by small and medium-sized companies “The cost of installing the equipment runs around R$65,000 and imported systems are about R$1.8 million,” Affonso says “The difference is due to the fact that we are developing our own software.” To enable the system to be freely used with no need to purchase commercial packages all the routines were written in open-access computer language The use of cryptography makes it difficult to pirate the software Affonso has no plans to establish a company to make the software “Our group’s focus is to operate academically,” he says in partnership with com the University of Oulu in Finland a contract has been signed between Unesp and that institution’s Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS) to promote student-faculty exchanges the Finnish group noticed that the main difficulty in building an automated image classification system lies in the computer learning phase It requires a great deal of manual labor to build the database needed for the program to learn from the samples,” Affonso comments He has been doing postdoctoral research in Finland since February 2017 and will remain there until the end of 2018 to study ways to speed up the on-line learning process and prioritize them during the learning process.” who heads the wood industry engineering program at Unesp/Itapeva believes Affonso’s project is important because it involves undergraduate students and because it partners with lumber companies “It has shown a high-level capacity on the part of the university’s applied research for solving production-related problems,” he explains “Brazil’s lumber potential is unmatched around the world; it calls for specialized personnel and high-level research,” he points out “These factors contribute urgently necessary added value to wood-based products.” Scientific articles AFFONSO, C. et al. Deep learning for biological image classification. Expert Systems with Applications. May 17, 2017. SILVA, N. R. et al. Automated classification of wood transverse cross-section micro-imagery from 77 commercial Central-African timber species © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved The ad-free version is ready for purchase on iOS mobile app today we couldn't find that page";var n=e.querySelector("h2");return n&&n.remove(),{staticContent:e,title:t}},d=function(e){var t=document.createElement("button");return t.innerText=e,t.classList.add("error-page-button"),t},f=function(e){var t=document.createElement("div");t.id="recirculation-404",t.classList.add("brand-hint-bg");var n="\n \n \n \n \n \n '.concat(e,' Tick here if you would like us to send you the author’s response HOT: » What kind of news would you like to see more of? A Brazilian actor died after accidentally hanging himself during the play "The Passion of the Christ," CNN reported was one of the actors from a local theater company taking part in an independent production of the play April 6 in the city of Itarare Klimeck died Sunday after spending more than two weeks in a medically induced coma due to extensive brain injuries from a prolonged lack of oxygen after accidentally hanging himself according to the Hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia The cause of death was not immediately available Photos taken by a local photographer show the final moments of the play as Klimeck hangs himself as described in the Bible in the book of Matthew Klimeck wore a harness under his robe during the play Police investigator Jose Victor Bassetti told the news station this was the third year the local fire department let the theater company borrow the harness for the play and that Klimeck was not supervised because he knew how to use the equipment are now being analyzed at the Criminal Institute of Sorocaba Luiz Carlos Rosner owns a sandwich cart next to the city square where the play was taking place He described the anxiety after cast members realized Klimeck was unconscious explaining there was someone unconscious hanging from the rope and that he wanted to cut it," Rosner told TV Record "I was a little worried about giving him a knife in the middle of the crowd." We need your support so Novinite.com can keep delivering news and information about Bulgaria a day dedicated to honoring the Holy Virgin Mary regarded as the most significant Christian holiday is celebrated annually in Bulgarian homes with great joy Holy Saturday marks the final day of Holy Week positioned between the sadness of Christ’s entombment and the joy of His anticipated resurrection A 12-meter cross featuring a crucified Jesus Christ has been installed at a roundabout in the Bulgarian town of Elin Peli Good Friday falls on the Friday preceding Easter Sunday is marked by the themes of humility and spiritual instruction The European Commission is proposing significant changes to EU regulations concerning road safety and vehicle registration According to preliminary data from Eurostat the eurozone economy grew by 0.4% in the first quarter of the year compared to the previous three months doubling the 0.2% increase recorded at the end of 2024 The European Commission has announced a €910 million investment under the European Defence Fund (EDF) to enhance defence manufacturing capabilities across the European Union The European Commission has strongly condemned the circumstances surrounding the death of Ukrainian journalist Viktoriia Roshchyna Friedrich Merz is poised to become Germany's next chancellor following the approval of a coalition agreement between his CDU/CSU bloc European countries are struggling to mobilize even 25,000 troops to Ukraine for a potential peacekeeping mission Google Street View Cars Return to Bulgaria for Major Mapping Update Housing Prices Soar in Bulgaria’s Major Cities as Demand and Supply Strain Increase “Brotherhood,” or “Irmandade” in Portuguese depicts a world of street thugs who raise their voices against police brutality and violence inside the Colonel Roberto Tibirica penitentiary also known as the “mousetrap,” situated in Itapeva Edson Ferreira runs a faction inside the prison whose sole motive is to stand up for prisoners’ rights and fight oppression against them their methods of seeking justice are incredibly violent because of which they are labeled as a criminal organization employ any means possible to curb the violent rebellion there is a woman named Cristina “Cris” Ferreira who works as a criminal lawyer under the District Attorney in Itapeva Cristina comes across Edson’s file and finds out about the criminal faction that he is running in prison and he has planned the brutal murder of a snitch who was working for Andrade to bring down the Brotherhood As an act of redemption for her past actions which instantly pulls her into the world of crime from which she tries to escape throughout the series the narrative majorly follows Cristina in her struggle to escape the shadows of her own older brother and protect herself and her younger brother from the world of crime her blood relations and close ties with a violent criminal complicate her situation as a character which further adds captivating conflicts to the story Cristina “Cris” Ferreira works in the District Attorney’s office and lives a peaceful life with her younger brother who sells hotdogs on the street to support himself and his pregnant girlfriend who was arrested in 1974 for drug possession and committed a number of crimes inside the prison because of which he has been in jail for 20 years now Edson is charged with yet another murder that involves the brutal murder of a prisonmate who was stabbed 10 times and then left in the prison yard informs the judge that the person murdered was helping the police in their investigation Scavenger escaped from the prison some time ago and has been running the operations of the Brotherhood from the outside occasional heists and other related crimes to fund the organization notices her shedding tears for her brother She meets Cristina sometime later and requests that she save Edson from the hole where he is being tortured by warden Oliverio Noronha Darlene reminded Cristina how she ratted on her brother years ago and informed her father about the drugs that Edson had been hiding inside the house didn’t wait a moment and called the authorities Cristina holds herself responsible for her brother’s miseries and thus tries to convince the DA to take legal action against Oliverio and help Edson in his cause when her senior refuses to participate in it Cristina forges her signature and meets with Oliverio where she threatens him to take Edson out of the hole Oliverio agrees to do so but smells foul play and hence hands over the legal notice that Cristina brought to him to Andrade who arrests Cristina instantly after he finds out that she tried to forge legal documents Andrade puts forward a condition in front of Cristina according to which he will burn the papers and let her go if she becomes a police informant and makes contact with Edson in order to find out Scavenger’s whereabouts Cristina gets stuck between the police and the criminals as she tries to crawl her way out She is pushed deeper and deeper into the world of crime Cristina finally went to the prison to meet her brother and asked him to let her work for him as an attorney for the Brotherhood convinced Edson that Cristina wouldn’t betray them with the help of Darlene and Edson’s lawyer They were planning to rob an armored vehicle Scavenger didn’t reveal any information in front of her Cristina understood that it was impossible for her to get any information from Scavenger She convinced Darlene to snitch on Scavenger after he tried to misbehave with her Darlene gave Scavenger’s whereabouts to Andrade who arrested him and sent him back to prison warden Oliverio Noronha requested the authorities to send him back to the mousetrap Oliverio planned to fuel the rivalry between Edson and Scavenger in order to dismantle the Brotherhood and influence them to fight against each other but Edson refused to accept that his beloved wife was a snitch in the gang Scavenger formed a new gang called the Cult while Darlene planned a prison breakout so that she could get Edson and other gang members before they got caught in a gang war Cristina and Darlene took care of the armored car robbery and saved a lot of money that they used to hire men to dig up a tunnel in the basement of the house that led to the Colonel Roberto Tibirica penitentiary the police had been keeping an eye on Darlene and hence she went underground while handing over the responsibility of the tunnel to Cristina Everything was going perfectly until the diggers met a dead end as they found a concrete wall in between them and the prison Cristina and Darlene planned to blow up the wall with the help of Ivan the explosives would have made a lot of noise and hence they decided to execute their plan during the 1994 FIFA World Cup They believed that if Brazil won the final then there would be a celebration all around them and they would be able to hide the sound of the explosion amidst the noise of firecrackers burning all over the city Everything was planned perfectly until Marcel was arrested A member of the Brotherhood betrayed the gang and pointed a gun at Cristina He threatened Cristina to give him all the heist money and he was about to shoot her when Marcel intervened and killed the person blackmailing her sister Cristina and Marcel tried to dispose of the body but Marcel accidentally dropped his business cards near the scene which brought police officers to his doorstep and informed him about the prison break in exchange for Marcel’s release he opened fire on the gang members and hunted them down like animals All the gang members who broke out of the prison were shot The media applauded Andrade’s heroic efforts and he got back the recognition that was tainted after the armored car robbery but Cristina was emotionally tormented as she blamed herself for the death of Edson’s best friend and many others who were mercilessly shot by the police for no apparent reason Andrade had promised Cristina not to harm any of the prisoners Cristina and Darlene kidnapped a news reporter named Lidia Neves and brought her to the hideout where they threatened her to read a letter in front of the camera that would inform the authorities about police brutality and violence and the injustice caused to the prisoners at the mousetrap Darlene sent the videotape to the news channel and blackmailed them into playing it if they wanted to see Lidia alive Andrade intervened and tried to find Lidia himself she requested Cristina to lead the operation and send Lidia’s severed finger to the news channel to make them realize the seriousness of the situation Cristina was hesitant about committing such a crime but when Andrade busted their hideout and shot Viola’s son the footage was immediately telecasted on the news channel and brought enough attention to Brotherhood and its cause.  Oliverio Noronha tried to curb the rebellion and stop Edson from gaining power and thus brought him back to the mousetrap as soon as he gained consciousness in the hospital Oliverio persuaded Scavenger to stab Edson in the infirmary so that he could rule the prison yard in Edson’s absence and convinced him to stab Edson in exchange for his freedom he assisted him in taking an officer hostage which helped Edson to take over the entire prison Edson killed Scavenger in the prison yard and later captured the prison Oliverio had his SWAT team ready to contain the situation he couldn’t go around slaughtering prisoners anymore and he used the opportunity to bring in the secretary of public safety at the mousetrap for further negotiations As soon as the secretary arrived at the scene Edson demanded the immediate resignation of Oliverio Noronha in front of the media the secretary agreed to Edson’s demands and the entire Brotherhood celebrated their victory Darlene found out that Marcel had been arrested by the police and was released a day before the slaughter of the members of the Brotherhood gang She believed that Marcel was the snitch but later found out that it was Cristina who had been leaking the information to the police she promised to help Darlene take revenge on Andrade and also recover a voice recording through which he was trying to blackmail her Cristina called Andrade and arranged a meeting at his private office and Cristina reached the office early and burned down all the papers while they waited for Andrade’s arrival while Cristina and her thug were busy disposing of the evidence Cristina saw the voice recorder and took the cassette from it she hinted to him about the impending danger Andrade killed the thug in a gunfight while Darlene tried to shoot him she saw Andrade trying to suffocate Darlene Cristina waited for Andrade to kill Darlene she pointed a gun at Andrade and shot him in the head in her attempt to cut all her ties with the world of crime She wanted to leave everything behind and get back to her peaceful life again but the closing shot of “Brotherhood” Season 1 depicted that Darlene was still alive but Darlene already knew how Cristina snitched upon the gang the Brotherhood lost some of the important members She might reveal this information to Edson in “Brotherhood” Season 2 Cristina still possesses the voice recording of Darlene that established the fact that she was the one who got Scavenger arrested both his sister and his wife are the snitches the two would crack a deal to stay out of each other’s lives then Season 2 will bring further twists and turns to add to the drama Edson and his gang might have achieved the resignation of Oliverio Noronha but it is no guarantee that the next warden is going to be less cruel they will impose heavy regulations on the prisoners inside the mousetrap so that they might not plan another rebellion like this again the Brotherhood has no connection left with the outside world and hence their financial funding is hampered Edson might feel the need to escape the prison See More: ‘Brotherhood (Irmandade)’ Season 2: Ending, Explained – Is Edson Dead? What Happened To Cristina and Ivan? ‘Brotherhood’ (or Irmandade) is a 2019 Crime Thriller series created by Pedro Morelli.