METHUEN – The scenario may never be repeated Two wrestlers – both with more than 180 career victories – win All-States titles minutes apart. The first one punctuated with a back flip the second to keep alive an undefeated season John’s Prep’s James Lally to help the Scarlet Hawks place third Baum (37-1 this season) accented his victory with a running back flip After James Tildsley’s 74-second pin at 150 pounds Boulanger took the mat and earned a 21-5 technical fall over Ashland’s Adrian Guzman to improve his record to 51-0 on the season Baum and Boulanger are just the third and fourth All-States champions from Milford joining Joao Neiva (2020) and Hampton Kaye-Kuter (2022) “I’ve been training with Aidan my whole life,” Boulanger said “Ever since I started wrestling with him I’ve been working with him so it’s nice to see us accomplish some of our goals.”  also continued an undefeated season after he outlasted Greater Lowell’s Antoine Jackman 5-3 in the opening match of the finals is teammates with Jackman at Doughboy Wrestling Club in Lowell who became Franklin's first All-States champ since Griffin Tighe in 2014 “I think me and him are two of the best at this weight.”  Woodall was pleased with his win while looking ahead to next week “This is one of my goals that I set this year “I’m always trying to win and keep my undefeated record this year.”  Framingham sophomore Adriana DeGroat pinned all three of her opponents on the weekend and helped the Flyers to fifth place as she repeated as All-States champion DeGroat won the 120-pound title over Walpole’s Lauren McAteer with an 80-second pin Tri-County's Luca Marshall faced the same foe who defeated her in last week’s Division 2 finals But Marshall earned a 10-3 decision this time to claim the title Jaymie Last finished fifth for Framingham while Milford’s Amelia Hough was third and Cloe Boccia fifth for the Scarlet Hawks the first female wrestler in program history to place at All-States Both Boccia and Rodenhiser defeated the No All-States champs look forward to New Englands Milford's Brayden Boccia and Derek Marcolini placed fourth for the Scarlet Hawks Logan Costello fourth and Anton Puhach fifth Jack Sauer took fourth and Riley Carlucci fifth for Franklin Framingham's Dan Sullivan placed fourth and teammate Izaiah Brown was eighth In addition to head coach Bob Anniballi being honored for his 600th win Tri-County's Jack Disharoon was also fifth Holliston's Henry McElligott went into overtime in his final match with Springfield Central's Eugene Miller to place third Baum and Boulanger kept their enthusiasm muted as they looked ahead The New England championships are next weekend in Providence “It would have been more surprising if I lost I celebrated on the mat but then it’s like: I’ve still got one more week left.”  Milford coach PJ Boccia was beyond pleased with his dominant pair Couldn’t be happier for two kids on my team.”  Tim Dumas is a multimedia journalist for the Daily News He can be reached at tdumas@wickedlocal.com Metrics details The southern coast of Africa is one of the few places in the world where water temperatures are predicted to cool in the future This endemism-rich coastline is home to two sister species of kelps of the genus Ecklonia maxima and Ecklonia radiata each associated with specific thermal niches and occuring primarily on opposite sides of the southern tip of Africa Historical distribution records indicate that E maxima has recently shifted its distribution ~ 70 km eastward The contact of sister species with contrasting thermal affinities and the occurrence of mixed morphologies raised the hypothesis that hybridization might be occurring in this contact zone Here we describe the genetic structure of the genus Ecklonia along the southern coast of Africa and investigate potential hybridization and cryptic diversity using a combination of nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial markers We found that both species have geographically discrete genetic clusters consistent with expected phylogeographic breaks along this coastline depth-isolated populations were found to harbor unique genetic diversity Mito-nuclear discordance and high genetic divergence in the contact zones suggest multiple hybridization events between Ecklonia species Discordance between morphological and molecular identification suggests the potential influence of abiotic factors leading to convergent phenotypes in the contact zones Our results highlight an example of cryptic diversity and hybridization driven by contact between two closely related keystone species with contrasting thermal affinities molecular data are essential for distinguishing between cryptic populations with atypical morphologies and hybrids as well as for the identification of populations with unique genetic diversity molecular data from multiple markers are essential to identify lineages This study aims to understand the impact of niche overlap on the genetic diversity of the two Ecklonia species and investigate possible hybridization events we sampled the entire known distribution of Ecklonia in southern Africa including some of the northernmost localities of the known distribution for both species as well as deep offshore populations from the south Atlantic and southern South Africa Nuclear and mitochondrial markers were compared to identify possible introgression in contact zones and unique genetic diversity in edge and deep populations we modelled the distribution of both species to evaluate niche differentiation and the probability of range overlap Our analyses reveal marked geographic patterns of genetic structure in both Ecklonia species and indicate that the deep populations of Ecklonia in southern Africa are important refugia of unique genetic diversity Our findings also provide evidence of hybridization in the contact zones between the two species and raise the hypothesis that hybrids are more likely to be adapted to the broader niche of E radiata (K = 2) was selected based on the ΔK criterion while the best K (K = 4) for the analysis focusing on both species and putative species was selected based on a combination of ΔK and morphological identification of putative hybrids Results for the three approaches were carefully evaluated manually and are presented here To assess niche overlap between the two species, the probabilistic method of Swanson et al.65 was used This provides directional estimates of overlap and accounts for the specific distribution of species in niche spaces was defined as the 95% probability region of their multivariate space The method determined overlap as the probability of an individual from a species being found in the NR of the alternative species within a Bayesian framework to account for uncertainty and tested for niche similarity by asking whether niches are more similar to one another than expected by chance The D and I values were compared to a null distribution of 104 overlap values produced by linking the niche of one species to a niche generated with random occurrences drawn from the geographic space of the alternative species Both marker types also supported strong geographic patterns of genetic structure for Ecklonia in South Africa A western group comprised of a private haplotype at Diaz Point (H12) closely related to the haplotype (H11) was found in locations sharing the same nuclear cluster (PN up to HK) and in populations further south (DB Another private haplotype (H13) was found in this region A second geographic group was found between populations from Millers Point (MP) to Quoin Point (QP) with haplotype H10 being shared and corresponding to nuclear cluster K2 a third group of closely related haplogroups (H19 H20) is distributed from Muizenberg (MZ) to De Hoop (DH) with a private haplogroup present in Cape Agulhas (H21) Mitochondrial DNA from deeper populations diverged from coastal ones in both the haplotype network (Fig. 1B) and in terms of average genetic distance (Table 3) Vema Seamount (VM) and Rocky Bank (RB) presented private haplotypes that diverged from both E VM haplogroups were closely related to those found in the Cape Town region Bordjiesrif and Saint James; H14 at Muizenberg) putative hybrids from deeper waters at BB (ERHBOT showing incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial markers possibly representing a distinct Ecklonia lineage Potential distribution of Ecklonia radiata and Ecklonia maxima predicted with Species Distribution Modelling Predictions aggregated in equal area hexagons for better visualization The model correctly predicted the presence of both species in the Buffels Bay area but was not able to recover the same result for De Hoop Our results reveal the presence of discrete genetic groups within both Ecklonia species along distinct geographical sectors and depths of the southern African coastlines spanning from Namibia to Mozambique Besides general population differentiation the molecular species assignment in some cases differs from expectations based on morphology a few instances of mito-nuclear incongruence were found in the contact zones between the two Ecklonia species accompanied by the presence of atypical morphological traits suggesting the occurrence of species hybridization Notably our analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial data indicates the existence of a putative third Ecklonia lineage at Rocky Bank Below we discuss the implications of these findings for the characterization of southern African Ecklonia The oceanographic conditions and marginal location of this population is also a possible cause for localized thereby explaining the high inbreeding coefficient can also explain the presence of K2 and H11 from Kommetjie (KM) up to Doringbaai (DB) the high nuclear divergence of this group and the presence of 3 private haplotypes in the area (despite the possibility that sampling was insufficient to detect most haplotypes) is striking and suggests an ancient and rare colonization of this region where it has evolved independently for a substantial period of isolation from coastal populations meaning local conditions could be driving the divergence of this cold-adapted E Genetic clustering and the haplotype distribution of E radiata in South Africa can be attributed to the effect of the Agulhas Current promoting gene flow along the eastern shore into suitable habitats and subsequent genetic divergence through drift in small Genetic pairwise differences between populations are mostly consistent with the previously described patterns with FST and Jost’s D values increasing with population distance from southwest to northeast Multiple hybridization events have likely occurred because putative hybrids from De Hoop have high admixture and do not diverge much from either parental species while the atypical samples from Bordjiesrif seem to be evolving in isolation The latter possess a unique haplotype (H5) and forms a unique nuclear cluster in the FCA pairwise genetic distances were relatively high between each of these populations with each other and with all others further indicating their isolation and the lack of gene flow with other Ecklonia genetic entities Although we cannot exclude that geographical isolation and/or depth at Bordjiesrif might be driving this isolation differences between putative hybrid populations here and at De Hoop may have a temporal basis with hybridization being more recent in the range contact zone of De Hoop than in the deeper distinct population of Bordjiesrif a process of genetic hitchhiking might also be responsible for the increased divergence of these populations facilitating the fixation of the results from an ancient hybridization possibly giving them an adaptive advantage Our niche similarity modelling indicated that putative hybrids from Bordjiesrif are more likely to occupy a niche more similar to E while putative hybrids from De Hoop have a niche overlapping that of E Scenarios in which more adapted hybrids outcompete the parental species may lead to the loss of unique genetic diversity which could be expected in the warm shallows and intertidal pools of De Hoop although species distribution modelling provided evidence for niche differentiation between the species Changes in morphology due to abiotic factors and/or hybridization may therefore have played a role in the appearance of atypical E Further support for this distinct genetic entity comes from elevated pairwise nuclear genetic distances between Rocky Bank and populations of either species it remains unclear whether the RB population represents a previously described species or a new diverging species Further investigation using additional molecular markers and multispecies coalescent approaches could provide a better insight into the nature of the divergence between the South African Ecklonia lineages and their delimitations Further analysis that integrates taxonomy and genetics will be key for understanding the complex dynamics of hybridization in a region where ocean conditions are predicted to undergo complex and unique changes Genotypic data were deposited in a Figshare repository @ https://figshare.com/s/6a207ffc3d716b117c6d. New COXI sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers OR41340 to OR413508, OR413573 and PP209592 to PP209593 (available on Table S2 of the Supplementary Information) Hybrid zones-natural laboratories for evolutionary studies Glacial vicariance drives phylogeographic diversification in the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima Genetic structure of amphi-Atlantic Laminaria digitata (Laminariales Phaeophyceae) reveals a unique range-edge gene pool and suggests post-glacial colonization of the NW Atlantic Deep reefs are climatic refugia for genetic diversity of marine forests Past climate changes and strong oceanographic barriers structured low-latitude genetic relics for the golden kelp Laminaria ochroleuca Status and trends for the world’s kelp forests In World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Vol South African kelp moving eastwards: The discovery of Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss at De Hoop Nature Reserve on the south coast of South Africa Recent fluctuations in distribution and biomass of cold and warm temperature species of Laminarialean algae at Cape Ohma Warming off southwestern Japan linked to distributional shifts of subtidal canopy-forming seaweeds Climate-driven regime shift of a temperate marine ecosystem Loss of a globally unique kelp forest from Oman Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century Hybridization and introgression in a mixed population of the intertidal seaweeds Fucus evanescens and F Convergent adaptation to a marginal habitat by homoploid hybrids and polyploid ecads in the seaweed genus Fucus Temperature tolerances of two southern African Ecklonia species (Alariaceae: Laminariales) and of hybrids between them Molecular evidence for an interfamilial laminarialean cross Hybrid vigour for thermal tolerance in hybrids between the allopatric kelps Laminaria digitata and L Phaeophyceae) with contrasting thermal affinities Sexual compatibility in giant kelp gametophytes: Inter-cultivar hybridization is 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Discovery of populations endemic to a marine biogeographical transition zone Mitochondrial DNA variation in spiny lobster Palinurus delagoae suggests genetically structured populations in the southwestern Indian Ocean Genetic connectivity patterns of Pocillopora verrucosa in southern African Marine Protected Areas Phylogeography of the scalloped spiny-lobster Panulirus Homarus Rubellus in the Southwest Indian Ocean Shallow phylogeographic histories of key species in a biodiversity hotspot Large-scale geographic variation in distribution and abundance of Australian deep-water kelp forests Novel mesophotic kelp forests in the Galápagos archipelago Kelp aquaculture in China: A retrospective and future prospects Genetic and morphological diversity in sympatric kelps with contrasting reproductive strategies The effect of wave exposure on the morphology of Ecklonia radiata Contribution of temporal and spatial components to morphological variation in the kelp Ecklonia (Laminariales) Investigating waves and temperature as drivers of kelp morphology Nutrient enrichment offsets the effects of low light on growth of the kelp Ecklonia radiata Combined effects of seawater temperature and nutrient condition on growth and survival of juvenile sporophytes of the kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales; Phaeophyta) cultivated in northern Honshu Bottom-up and top-down forces in tide pools: Test of a food chain model in an intertidal community Climate change threatens unique evolutionary diversity in Australian kelp refugia Genetic diversity increases with depth in red gorgonian populations of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean Climate refugia for kelp within an ocean warming hotspot revealed by stacked species distribution modelling Genotype-environment mismatch of kelp forests under climate change A rosette by any other name: species diversity in the Bangiales (Rhodophyta) along the South African coast An appraisal of the genus Pyropia (Bangiales Rhodophyta) from southern Africa based on a multi-gene phylogeny including the description of Pyropia meridionalis sp Download references Chris Boothroyd and Derek Kemp for helping in the field sampling and Marta Valente (CCMAR sequencing laboratory) for the DNA sequencing and genotyping work ODC and FL are indebted to the Belgian Directorate General for Development Cooperation through the CEBioS Programme The King Leopold III Fund for Nature Exploration and Conservation and the Research Foundation Flanders (GOH3817N and I001621N) for funding the EATSA & MaTaMo1 expeditions We thank Greenpeace and P van Erp for the Vema Seamount specimens and Bruce Henderson and Grant Whitford for help with the Rocky Bank samples and Kerry Sink (SANBI) for the St This work was funded by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology UIDB/04326/2020 and the Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2022.00861.CEECIND EU-BiodivRestore-253-FCT: DivRestore/0013/2020 MAC and TW were supported by the Australian Research Council (DP200100201) JJB was funded by South African National Research Foundation fund number 111719 These authors contributed equally: Pedro Madeira and Maggie M Department of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences National Marine Information and Research Centre Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences All authors edited the manuscript and agreed with the final content The authors declare no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Reprints and permissions Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61336-4 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. METHUEN — On Saturday, Hingham High’s Kaya Bogle got the match he wanted in the the All-State wrestling finals against the wrestler who won defeated him with a controversial pin last week at the Division 2 tournament. Bogle and old foe Ethan Ford of North Andover battled through a dynamic three periods, but the Harborman was not going to be denied, posting an 11-7 decision to take the 132-pound All-State crown. Elsewhere, Stoughton's Anna Da Silva ruled among the girls division, winning her 113-pound championship by virtue of four straight pins, and taking home the All-State Tournament Most Falls trophy over all her competition, male or female. Da Silva and Bogle were the only locals to win All-State titles. Several other South Shore grapplers had to settle for runner-up status, as Canton's Eddie Marinilli dropped a 7-2 decision to Sean Herbert of Melrose at 152, while Plymouth North's Andrew Dias lost a 4-3 nailbiter in double overtime to Joao Neiva of Milford at 220. On the girls side, Bethany Ralph of Whitman-Hanson lost an 8-0 match to Woburn's Sophia Matthews for the 120 crown, while Middleboro's Ayla Goldman lost by pin to Lai-Lani Hendricks of Montachusett at 138. The boys tournament, which was won by Springfield Central with 119 points, featured 97 teams. The highest scoring local teams were Brockton (10th) and Hingham (13th). Among the 45 girls team, Stoughton tied for seventh while Brockton, Bridgewater-Raynham and Middleboro tied for 11th. Last week, Bogle suffered a surprising (and controversial) loss to Ford when Ford's leg push, while Bogle was wrapped around his back, resulted in a defensive pin. After trailing 2-1 after the first period, Bogle nearly secured his opponent three times after that period. Bogle is 40-2 this season and Hingham’s first All-State champion since Mike Moy in 2012. One of Bogle's training partners this past week was Cohasset's Dan Nolan, who finished fifth in the same weight class. "Kaya and Marshfield's Joe Hutt (fifth at 145) and I worked together all week," said Nolan. "They're real good wrestlers, and they were tough practices. Kaya really wanted it, though--he wore his red ankle band from the match he lost all week long to remind himself.” Nolan went 4-2 in his weekend and his fifth-place finish qualifies him for the All-New England Meet next week back at Methuen. More pertinent, Nolan's postseason thus far has pushed his all-time school record for wins to 151. "I am pretty happy with my performance," said Nolan. "Just getting here to All-States is pretty cool. But I was locked in all day today. This is a very tough weight class, all quality wrestlers, and I beat four kids who were returning to All States, so I feel good." "I didn't know anything about my finals opponent, and not really much about any of these girls up here this weekend," said Da Silva. "I just do what I do best, and react, and try to learn what they're trying to do as quick as I can. I'm also getting into Muay Thai fighting, and I like to study mixed martial arts in general." Canton's Marinilli wrestled Herbert two years ago and that familiarity showed early. The Bulldog trailed 4-2 after the middle frame and was forced to take chances in the final period and ultimately lost 7-2 in the 152 final. "I didn't wrestle smart at all," said Marinilli. "I should've been more conservative in there, and that's my mistake. I know I can beat that guy, because we wrestled in my sophomore year. I've just got to put it past me and prepare for next week at the New Englands, and maybe I'll see him again." Dias, a Plymouth North senior, lost to Neiva, who he had lost to in triple-OT at the Div. 2 meet, in a tough match. Despite that, his 5-1 weekend improved his season record to 40-5 and career record to 107-21. "That was a supremely frustrating match," said Dias., who intends to enlist in the military following graduation. "I wrestled too safe, and he did something at the end, and that was it." Brockton had a strong showing. The boys had third, fourth and fifth-place finishers while a girl also took third. Aiden Winn was the top Boxer, taking third place at 126, while Domenic Cirignano grabbed fourth at 152, and Naziah Armor took fifth at 220. "We had a good tournament, all our guys are going to the New Englands next week, and the best part is that they're all juniors who'll be back next year," said Brockton High coach DeShawn Fentress. Winn made it to the round of 16, where he pinned North Attleboro's Ethan Smith in 1:58. But then he dropped a 5-3 verdict to Dracut's Dante Rossetti, and had to battle back through the losers bracket. Winn defeated Woburn's John Lafferty, 7-4, and then pinned Norton's Alex Turcotte. A 4-1 nod over Shawsheen's Frank Foti, and a pin of Mansfield's Antonio Sevastos earned Winn his third-place medal. "I'm very proud of Naz," said Fentress, "a kid who won just four matches his freshman year who has just kept working and improving so much. Naz won four matches here this weekend (the last a thrilling 6-5 verdict over Lynnfield/North Reading's Lucas Olson for fifth place)." Elsewhere among the boys, Lucas Pinzino of Plymouth North took fifth at 138; Nore Mendes of Weymouth grabbed seventh at 132, and Brandon Nguyen of Plymouth North took seventh at 113. Liam Pritchard-Holland from Pembroke took eighth at 106. GIRLS: There was a distinct South Shore presence to the girls tournament, which was conducted simultaneously with the boys. Da Silva's championship at 113 was the big news of course, but Ralph's runner-up status at 120, and Ayla Goldman's second place at 138 showed how close area girls are to the top rank. Also in the top places Bridgewater-Raynham's Rowan MacIntosh took third at 108, Plymouth South's Audley McGilvray took third at 149, and Brockton junior Brianna Headley took third at 129. "I always liked watching wrestling on TV, and I never thought it was real," said Headley with a big grin. "I've been wrestling for two years now, and we only have a couple girls on the Brockton team, so it can be hard to practice. Not all the teams we play have girls, so it's also hard to get matches. But I thought this weekend's tournament was awesome and I can't wait to get back here next year." According to the country’s Civil Defence at least 10 people have died and over 17,500 have been displaced As reported on 02 December heavy rain caused a massive landslide along a highway near Guaratuba in Paranà state Emergency teams are still working at the site Twenty-one vehicles were buried in the slide and it was thought at least 30 people could be missing Six others were able to escape the vehicles without needing assistance Heavy rain has affected other areas of the state The number of displaced has fallen slightly over the last few days from 1,152 to 1,079 More heavy rain has fallen and the municipality of Inácio Martins recorded 88.6 mm in 24 hours to 04 December 2022 Heavy rain since late November continues to cause flooding and landslides in Santa Catarina including 10,000 in Massaranduba and 4,000 in Campo Alegre A total of 1,077 people were displaced including 688 in Joinville and 220 in São Bento do Sul The state government reported fatalities in Palhoça A firefighter is still missing Navegantes and another person was reported missing after being swept away by an overflowing river in Brusque Municipalities in a state of emergency are: Araquari Heavy rain has been falling for the last week in the state of Espírito Santo where Civil Defence reported 18 municipalities affected several of which have declared a state of emergency including Cariacica there were a total of 4,051 displaced in the state as a result of the severe weather One fatality was reported in the municipality of Viana where a total of 1,676 people were displaced Santa Teresa municipality recorded 258 mm of rain in 3 days from 01 to 03 December The Doce river at Linhares is above the orange alert level (3 metres) Authorities reported severe weather in the Norte Fluminense region of Rio de Janeiro State Affected municipalities included Carapebus One person died from a lightning strike in Carapebus another was seriously injured and around 85 people were displaced after a landslide in Conceição de Macabu where 2 people died and around 1,000 families have been displaced Macaé recorded 196.6 mm of rain in 48 hours to 01 December 2022 The national Civil Defence reported a total of 16,900 people affected across 5 municipalities in the state Heavy rain has also affected areas further north At least 16 municipalities in the northeastern state of Bahia have declared a state of emergency causing flooding in Prado City where 3,000 people were displaced on 28 November The heavy rain has continued to cause problems since then and as of 04 December a total of 51 municipalities have been affected 9,281 people were displaced and 65,515 were affected according to the state’s Civil Defence There were no reports of missing persons or deaths The worst affected municipalities and those that have declared a state of emergency are: Prado On 29 November the city of Ibotirama recorded 133.4 mm of rain and Barreiras recorded 104.4 mm The following day 75 mm of rain fell in Ribeira do Amparo Amargosa recorded 84.6 mm on 01 December; Porto Seguro 90.4 mm on 02 December and Lençóis 49.5 mm on 03 December Richard Davies is the founder of floodlist.com and reports on flooding news Cookies | Privacy | Contacts © Copyright 2025 FloodList PLYMOUTH – There were major highlights at either end of Long Pond Road over the weekend as Plymouth South and Plymouth North competed at the All-State Wrestling Finals and the New England Track and Field Championships Plymouth South junior Ella Grey broke her own school record in the 55-meter hurdles speeding to second place at New Englands with a new top time of 8.27 seconds There was also a second place coming out of the Plymouth North athletic department Senior Andrew Dias appears not willing to put away his wrestling shoes quite yet He worked his way to the finals of the 220 pound weight class before finally losing his first match of the tournament He’ll be joined at New Englands by teammate Brandon Nguyen Plymouth South junior Lucas Pinzino will also make the trip to Methuen High starting this Saturday for New Englands after placing fifth in the 138 pound weight class The only runner in front of Grey at New Englands Saturday at the Reggie Lewis Center was Fairfield Ludlowe’s Tess Stapleton Nobody was going to catch her winning time of 7.88 seconds but the competition may have helped Grey lower her school-record time in the 55-meter hurdles from 8.31 to 8.27 “I always tend to PR at these type of meets more than the regular ones because you want to be the one standing on the podium winning a medal,” Grey said last week “You want to push yourself against the top competition and give it your all against this level of competition.” This was Grey’s first trip to New Englands for winter track and she hopes to make a return trip as a senior She took first at the Division 4 finals and placed second at Auerbach All-States in her signature event No matter how things turn out this weekend at the New England Championships Andrew Dias has already had a senior season few can match on the mat “To say you are in the top 2 in your weight class in the entire state is an incredible accomplishment,” Plymouth North Head Coach Peter Fabian said “He went into the competition ranked 15th after placing sixth at Division 2's and wrestled well all the way to second place “The biggest thing for him was not looking ahead and just wrestling the match in front of him and taking everything one step at a time.” Four straight wins got Dias to the finals against Milford’s Joao Neiva a wrestler that Dias is very familiar with Neiva and Dias met in the Division 2 semifinals where Neiva took the win in double-overtime History repeated to itself Saturday as Dias lost a very close match that again ended in 2OT Nguyen also came out of All-States with a winning record His 3-2 mark was good enough for seventh place in what Fabian said was a tremendously competitive weight class Dias and Nguyen will rest up this week and do some training at The Dungeon in Hanover to get ready for New Englands Pinzino had his work cut out for him if he was going to get to New Englands He won four matches in a row against some of the top competition in the state to get back into contention After suffering his second loss of the tourney by a point he came back to win on an injury default for fifth place The top seven wrestlers in Massachusetts in each weight class advance to All-States The eight place finisher can go as an alternate “Lucas looked like he was crushed after losing that first match But he pulled it together and went on a great run to qualify for New England’s,” Plymouth South Head Coach Marc Loranger said “I was so proud of him and really impressed with the way that he wrestled to get himself back in line for New England’s “Now we begin again and he gets to wrestle for a New England Championship.” Plymouth South’s Justin Tirrell (126 pounds) and Hunter Hasenfus (145) also qualified for All-States but did not wrestle Matt Clayton was an alternate at 120 pounds but was not needed to compete The Panthers also sent three wrestlers to the second annual girls high school wrestling championships which drew close to 100 wrestlers from across Massachusetts Junior Audrey McGilvray had an impressive showing with a 2-1 record that earned her third place at 149 pounds Rhiannon McNett (120) and Trinity Kelleher (179) also wrestled three matches over the weekend for matching 1-2 records Email the reporter at dwolcott@wickedlocal.com and follow him on Twitter Metrics details The widespread decline of canopy-forming macroalgal assemblages has been documented in many regions during the last decades This pattern is often followed by the replacement of structurally complex algal canopies by more simplified habitats (e.g. broadened its depth range to deeper and exposed environments and displayed an unexpected range expansion along the northern coast of Catalonia over the last two decades elegans in time and space and unravel ecological and demographic traits such as population dynamics and genetic patterns to provide a comprehensive and integrated view of the current status and geographical expansion for this species and high turnover rate are the main competitive advantages that allow the exposed populations of T elegans to colonize available substrata and maintain dense and patchy populations We also provided evidence that the deeper and exposed populations of T elegans constitute a single group across the Catalan coast with little genetic differentiation among populations This seems to support the hypothesis of a unique source of spread in the last decades from the Medes Islands No-Take Zone towards both southern and northern waters personal communication) have expanded their distribution in the Medes Islands No-Take Zone (NTZ) and the nearby areas (North-Western Mediterranean Sea) where the species can be now found in wave-exposed habitats located between 5 and 15 m depth The reasons for this pattern are yet to be determined Here we investigate this recent spread throughout the North Catalan coast our goals are: (1) provide insights about the main traits of deeper and exposed populations of T elegans and the species population ecology; (2) assess its historical and current distribution in the Catalan coast; and (3) provide an estimate of the patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation among populations including ancient and more recently established zones minimum winter temperatures were recorded in February and March (12.35 °C ± 0.3 Mean ± SE) and the maximum in August (23.82 °C ± 0.9 Mean ± SE) just before the gradual drop throughout autumn Monthly presence of fertile Treptacantha elegans individuals Light blue bars represent the percentage of immature individuals without the presence of reproductive structures Medium-blue bars represent the percentage of the individuals beginning the reproductive stage with reproductive receptacles in the maturing process Dark blue bars represent the percentage of fertile and reproductive individuals The red line shows the mean monthly temperature at 5 m depth Pictures at the top illustrate the monthly canopy-forming branches development stage Size-class distribution of Treptacantha elegans populations across the three studied years. Relative frequency of size-classes was estimated on 1 cm intervals (length of the longest axis). The relation between the mortality rate and the size of the T The blue line represented the generalized linear model fitted between the response variable and the predictor fitted to the most likely distribution (negative binomial) Geographical distribution of deep Treptacantha elegans over the studied years in the Catalan coast. Colored dots indicate the temporal sequence of their first report and circled numbers identify the populations where molecular analyses were conducted. Map was created using ArcMap 10.7 (https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap) Genetic subdivision of Treptacantha elegans populations based on STRUCTURE Each vertical line represents the proportion of genome assign to each cluster for each individual Black lines separate different populations Note the absence of any population differentiation the brown alga Treptacantha elegans has remarkably increased both its depth range and spatial distribution over the last two decades along the Catalan coast A better knowledge of the population dynamics of a species is crucial for understanding elegans forests showed fast-growing dynamics more than 80% of their stands were capable to reach fertile maturity and the relatively largest sizes that may ensure survival rates higher than 50% These uncommon traits among species of the same genus clearly represent an advantage for colonizing new available substrates The observed similar mean annual mortality and recruitment rates suggest a high population turnover rate which might also represent a major advantage to T our data are not sufficient to detect a clear correlation between distance and genetic differentiation within populations our results suggest that a shift in the depth-range distribution and a subsequent acclimation to the new environments may be a result of warming The maximum length of the longest axis was then selected as the best parameter for easy and robust measurements from different observers Samples for molecular analysis were collected in three study locations along the Catalan coast, thus covering the whole distribution range for the study area (Fig. 4 We collected twenty Treptacantha elegans samples corresponding to branches from 20 individuals haphazardly selected at each location at a maximum distance among samples of 10 m The samples were individually preserved by drying them in silica gel until DNA extraction The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author Climate change and Australian marine and freshwater environments fishes and fisheries: synthesis and options for adaptation Predicting evolutionary responses to climate change in the sea Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes Impacts of climate change in a global hotspot for temperate marine biodiversity and ocean warming Global imprint of climate change on marine life Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: impacts on ecosystems and human well-being Effects of climate change on global seaweed communities Threats and knowledge gaps for ecosystem services provided by kelp forests: a northeast Atlantic perspective Nursery value of Cystoseira forests for Mediterranean rocky reef fishes European seaweeds under pressure: consequences for communities and ecosystem functioning Seaweed communities in retreat from ocean warming The responses of brown macroalgae to environmental change from local to global scales: direct versus ecologically mediated effects Defining and observing stages of climate-mediated range shifts in marine systems Diversity of Cystoseira sensu lato (Fucales Phaeophyceae) in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean based on morphological and DNA evidence in France (North Western Mediterranean Sea) Long-term decline of the populations of Fucales (Cystoseira spp and Sargassum spp.) in the Alberes coast (France Loss of fucoid algae along a gradient of urbanization Decline and local extinction of Fucales in French Riviera: the harbinger of future extinctions? Conservation and restoration of marine forests in the Mediterranean Sea and the potential role of Marine Protected Areas Effective dispersal and density-dependence in mesophotic macroalgal forests: insights from the Mediterranean species Cystoseira zosteroides Zonation patterns and interspecific relationships of fucoids in microtidal environments Predicted extinction of unique genetic diversity in marine forests of Cystoseira spp Past and present of Fucales from shallow and sheltered shores in Catalonia Statut et biologie de Cystoseira amentacea var Unexpected temporal stability of Cystoseira and Sargassum forests in Port-Cros one of the oldest Mediterranean marine National Parks Habitat continuity and stepping-stone oceanographic distances explain population genetic connectivity of the brown alga Cystoseira amentacea Unexpected abundance and long-term relative stability of the brown alga Cystoseira amentacea Connectivity of populations of the seaweed Cystoseira amentacea within the Bay of Marseille (Mediterranean Sea): genetic structure and hydrodynamic connections Long-term fluctuations in Cystoseira populations along the west Istrian Coast (Croatia) related to eutrophication patterns in the northern Adriatic Sea A propos des Cystoseira de Banyuls et de Guéthary Bulletin de la Station Biologique d’Arcachon (1912) Les algues marines de la cote des Albères I–III: cyanophycées Clima i règim tèrmic de les aigües de les illes Medes i el Montgrí El fons marí de les illes Medes i el Montgrí: quatre dècades de recerca per a la conservació Càtedra d’Ecosistemes Litorals Mediterranis) 63 (2012) Guía de las macroalgas y fanerógamas marinas del Mediterráneo occidental (ed The role of fishes in the organization of a Mediterranean sublittoral community (Doctoral dissertation A new methodology based on littoral community cartography dominated by macroalgae for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive The structure of Mediterranean rocky reef ecosystems across environmental and human gradients No-take marine reserves control the recovery of sea urchin populations after mass mortality events A preliminary study of genetic diversity in Cystoseira amentacea (C Phaeophyceae) using random amplified polymorphic DNA Shallow Cystoseira (Fucales: Ochrophyta) assemblages thriving in sheltered areas from Menorca (NW Mediterranean): relationships with environmental factors and anthropogenic pressures From marine deserts to algal beds: Treptacantha elegans revegetation to reverse stable degraded ecosystems inside and outside a no-take marine reserve Dispersal and colonization in Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt Effects of climate change on Mediterranean marine ecosystems: the case of the Catalan Sea Modelled variability of the sea surface circulation in the North-western Mediterranean Sea and in the Gulf of Lions Pollution impacts and recovery potential in three species of the genus Cystoseira (Fucales Long-term changes in sublittoral macroalgal assemblages related to water quality improvement Long-term shifts in the north western Mediterranean coastal seascape: the habitat-forming seaweed Codium vermilara The ups and downs of a canopy-forming seaweed over a span of more than one century Mediterranean Sea surface warming 1985–2006 Sea surface temperature variability in the North Western Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion) during the Common Era Twenty years of observed and predicted changes in subtidal red seaweed assemblages along a biogeographical transition zone: inferring potential causes from environmental data Deep-water stands of Cystoseira zosteroides C Ochrophyta) in the Northwestern Mediterranean: insights into assemblage structure and population dynamics Flora marina bentonica del Mediterraneo: Phaeophyceae Bollettino dell’accademia Gioenia di scienze naturali di Catania 45(375) Recruitment patterns in the Mediterranean deep-water alga Cystoseira zosteroides Restoration of a canopy-forming alga based on recruitment enhancement: methods and long-term success assessment R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/ (2017) Aproximación al conocimiento de las comunidades algales de la zona infralitoral superior de la costa catalana L’estatge infralitoral de les Illes Medes: les algues fotófiles In Els Sistemes Naturals de les Illes Medes (eds Ros Increased throughput for fragment analysis on an ABI Prism 377 automated sequencer using a membrane comb and STRand software MICRO-CHECKER: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data Belkhir, K., Borsa, P., Chikhi, L., Raufaste, N., & Bonhomme, F. GENETIX 4.05, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations. https://www.genetix.univ-montp2.fr/genetix/genetix.htm (1996–2004) Excoffier, L., Laval, G. & Schneider, S. Arlequin an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. https://doi.org/10.1177/117693430500100003 (2005) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study Multiple controls of community structure and dynamics in a sublittoral marine environment Long-term monitoring of temperate macroalgal assemblages inside and outside a No take marine reserve Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals Download references elegans taxonomic identification and Kike Ballesteros for his helpful and constructive discussions on this study and Jordi Solà for their help on the fieldwork and to ‘Macroalgae and invasive species monitoring group’ elegans populations among their data across the Catalan coast This work was partially funded by the long-term monitoring programme of the Natural Park of Cap de Creus and the Natural Park of Montgrí and Baix Ter protected areas (Public Agreement PTOP- 2017-130 Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat of the Generalitat de Catalunya) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Grant Agreement No 689518 (MERCES) and the Grant Agreement No 730984 ASSEMBLE Plus to the Portuguese node of EMBRC-ERIC (EMBRC.PT ALG-01-0145-FEDER-022121) Cristina Linares gratefully acknowledges the financial support by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme Simone Mariani was supported by the Spanish INTRAMURAL CSIC PIE201730E033 Work at CCMAR was funded by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) UID/Multi/04326/2019 SFRH/BPD/88935/2012 (DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0010) This output reflects only the authors' view and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use of the information contained herein that may be made Institut de Recerca de La Biodiversitat (IRBIO) Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes – CSIC analyzed the data and wrote the first version of the manuscript with contributions from all authors Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76066-6 a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Anthropocene newsletter — what matters in anthropocene research The concession is for four 500kV transmission lines across the states of Bahia French utility Engie has won an auction arranged by Brazilian regulator Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), to build more than 1,000km of electric power transmission lines in the country Please check your mail inbox to download the buyer's guide you acknowledge that GlobalData UK Limited may share your information with our partners/sponsors who may contact you directly with information on their products and services Tick here to opt out of curated industry news Don’t let policy changes catch you off guard Stay proactive with real-time data and expert analysis Visit our Privacy Policy for more information about our services including information on your rights in respect of your personal data and how you can unsubscribe from future marketing communications Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address The company received a 30-year concession to design build and provide operations and maintenance of the electricity transmission lines in the states of Bahia The total estimated investment in the transmission lines is BRL2.67bn ($557m) Engie will develop four transmission lines between Morro do Chapéu and Poções Medeiros Neto and João Neiva and João Neiva and Viana All the transmission lines will have a capacity of 500kV The transmission lines will help meet the demand for the flow of electricity generated from resources in the north-east region to the south-east region this project is expected to create nearly 5,000 direct jobs Engie executive vice-president and networks activities in charge Cécile Prévieu said: “This success is an important step in the development of Engie’s electric power transmission activities a key country for the Group for over 25 years “While contributing to the security of supply and resilience of the country’s energy system this project will also enable better integration of renewable energies thereby helping to accelerate the energy transition.” Engie has deployed more than 2,700km of new power transmission lines in Brazil since 2017 In January 2020, the company acquired a 30-year greenfield concession project in the country via a tender launched by Sterlite Give your business an edge with our leading industry insights View all newsletters from across the GlobalData Media network the Central Catholic wrestling team captured the Division 2 state championship behind a stellar performance by Mando Binet who evolved from a junior varsity wrestler early in his career to eventually win the 195-pound title as a senior Senior Nate Vachon served as this year’s surprising star Vachon captured this year’s 145 title with a 9-1 major decision victory over Plymouth South’s Hunter Hasenfus Vachon’s win was Central Catholic’s lone individual state title though it was enough to help the Raiders repeat as state champions with 118 points Saturday afternoon at Milton High what you see at Central is the seniors come alive,” Central Catholic coach Jamie Durkin said we have since the days of the Fendones and even before that But the difference the past couple years is we’ve had seniors go from the precipice of average to really shine in this tournament.” while Natick (77) and Burlington (71.5) rounded out the top five Vachon hardly was tested during the two days of action with his closest decision coming in a 10-7 victory over Natick’s Jake Adelmann in the quarterfinals The championship win was especially gratifying for the senior who had fallen to Hasenfus a couple of weeks ago at the state coaches’ dual meet “I lost to him by a couple points and then majored him today in the finals so that felt good to do that,” Vachon said Danvers junior Max Leete was named the tournament’s Most Outstanding Wrestler after holding on for a 6-5 victory over Pembroke’s Ryan Parmenter in the 126 final It marked a third consecutive championship for Leete who won the 120 title last year after taking the 113 crown as a freshman “Three in a row means one more,” said Leete That’s been my ultimate goal since my freshman year.” Leete wasn’t the only Falcon to repeat as an individual champion Russell Canova followed up last year’s 170-pound championship with a third-period pin of Lynnfield-North Reading’s Sean McCullough in the 182 final Nashoba’s Brevin Cassella earned a 14-7 win over Winchester’s Jack Kinsey in the 160 final after winning the 152 title last year while fellow Chieftain Josh Cordio defeated Hopkinton’s Jake Sokol Salem’s Calvin Dalton followed up last year’s 113 title with a 7-4 victory over Masconomet’s Ian Darling in the 120 final Hingham’s Paul Canniff was named the Division 2 Coach of the Year Brad Joyal can be reached at brad.joyal@gmail.com. Home Delivery Gift Subscriptions Log In Manage My Account Customer Service Delivery Issues Feedback News Tips Help & FAQs Staff List Advertise Newsletters View the ePaper Order Back Issues News in Education Search the Archives Privacy Policy Terms of Service Terms of Purchase Work at Boston Globe Media Internship Program Co-op Program Do Not Sell My Personal Information Brian Garry and Benny Herrera are rival wrestlers Garry wrestlers for Holliston and Herrera for Ashland despite the two schools sharing a storied rivalry the two wrestlers have formed a friendship on and off the mat “Benny is actually one of my really good friends from club wrestling,” Garry said “We hang out during the season and try not to let our teams’ rivalry get in the way.” The two wrestlers met three summers ago while wrestling for New England Gold they were able to see each other throughout the winter seasons at different tournaments and practices “We also go out to eat sometimes after tournaments,” Herrera said Both Garry and Herrera met up again on Saturday as each claimed a Division 3 individual state title for wrestling Garry won his title at 132 pounds by claiming an 8-0 victory against Taconic’s Mike LaFreniere The victory marked the second-straight title for Garry as the Holliston High senior has the most wins in program history VIDEO: Holliston's Brian Garry wins D3 state title at 132 pounds Brian Garry from Holliston your 132-pound champ with an 8-0 win over Taconic's Mike LaFreniere. With that win, Garry breaks school record for wins with 152@MetroWestSports@HollistonADpic.twitter.com/u6c8FoSkaC knowing that all the hard work you put in has paid off,” Garry said “My wrestling journey began a very long time ago and to have two D3 state titles to show for it is an amazing feeling.” the fact that he was able to win two in a row and be in the finals three years in a row it’s a tribute to him and how hard he works and how much he puts into this sport,” Holliston head coach Mike Capobianco said “Becoming the first one in school history to win two makes it that much sweeter.” Herrera’s title – at 113 pounds – came in a 6-1 win over Mahar’s Jon Mahony becoming the first Clocker to win a state championship since 1995 VIDEO: Ashland's Benny Herrera wins D3 state title at 113 pounds Ashland's Benny Herrera is your 113-pound champ with a 6-1 win over Mahar's Jon Mahony@MetroWestSports@ClockerADpic.twitter.com/Zg3yXDGgK4 that is what determines the outcome,” Ashland coach Peter Zacchilli said “When he got a commanding lead it became more about winning each position than scoring points He was able to work through some tough positions from the bottom in the third period to secure the win.” “It felt great to win a state title and have all the work I put in pay off and knowing that I had achieved my goal,” Herrera said “It was also exciting to see Brian win as well since I have watched the hard work he puts in I felt happy for him because it was well deserved.” Both Garry and Herrera will spend time before tournaments by getting ready with one another and warming up together They also wrestle together at Herrera’s home throughout the year as the Ashland grappler has a mat in his basement “It’s useful when I just want to practice a couple things or drill with someone on the weekends when there’s nothing going on,” Herrera said “It’s good having someone else other than people that you see every day Another local wrestler that claimed an individual state title on Saturday was Milford’s Joao Neiva won a Division 2 individual title at 220 pounds by prevailing through a double-overtime slugfest The grappler took on Central Catholic’s Anthony Mears “He was very motivated to wrestle him again,” Milford coach P.J And with a game plan put together by him and Boccia Neiva completed a takedown to earn a 4-1 win PHOTOS: Milford wrestling tweets about Joao Neiva's individual state championship State Champion Alert!$! Joao battles into TRIPLE OT in his state final match to WIN!$! Carlos battles back to grab 4th place; Danny & Leo place 8th, these guys have battled all season, so proud of them!$!pic.twitter.com/JPqbAE32IR “I'm feeling very happy and proud of myself,” Neiva said “All the hard work during the season has now paid off I like to use that phrase ‘Pain is temporary With All-States coming on Friday and Saturday at Methuen High School Garry and Herrera will also battle it out in their respective weight classes this weekend in Methuen The pair of friendly grapplers will likely run through drills together before the meet takes off as they each warm-up to take another shot at an individual title knowing we’re both pushing each other,” Garry said PHOTO: Brian Garry and Benny Herrera attend MIAA wrestling breakfast Coach Capobianco & Brian Garry with ⁦Ashland’s Benny Herrera & Coach Zacchilli at today’s breakfast. Great to see the respect and sportsmanship between these rival TVL schools ⁦@ClockerAD⁩#TVLpic.twitter.com/3ZELd0zu7M Liam Gambon can be reached at lgambon1@student.framingham.edu Metrics details Glacial vicariance is regarded as one of the most prevalent drivers of phylogeographic structure and speciation among high-latitude organisms but direct links between ice advances and range fragmentation have been more difficult to establish in marine than in terrestrial systems Here we investigate the evolution of largely disjunct (and potentially reproductively isolated) phylogeographic lineages within the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima s cichorioides complex and is composed of divergent lineages with limited range overlap and genetic admixture Only a few genetic hybrids were detected throughout a Canadian Arctic/NW Greenland contact zone The degree of genetic differentiation and sympatric isolation of phylogroups suggest that S Phylogroup distributions compared with paleo-environmental reconstructions of the cryosphere further suggest that diversification within S latissima results from chronic glacial isolation in disjunct persistence areas intercalated with ephemeral interglacial poleward expansions and admixture at high-latitude (Arctic) contact zones This study thus supports a role for glaciations not just in redistributing pre-existing marine lineages but also as a speciation pump across multi-glacial cycles for marine organisms otherwise exhibiting cosmopolite amphi-boreal distributions opening and closing dispersal corridors for marine and terrestrial biota such as the glacial Beringia land bridge (currently Bering Strait) NW Atlantic and NE Atlantic shores (with some overlap in the Canadian Arctic) could correspond to a complex of incipient species presumably resulting from repeated cycles of glacial isolation and interglacial migration and contact located between the small and large subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes) data did not recover the same geographic clustering and many NW Atlantic individuals exhibited ambiguous base calls (i.e heterozygosity) suggestive of re-established gene-flow Because incomplete lineage sorting and/or concerted evolution of ITS sequences could also explain low phylogeographic signals and resemble admixture the status of these mtDNA phylogroups remained unresolved based on an extended panel of populations and the integration of environmental COI barcoding and microsatellite genotypic data we address several related questions regarding the identity and biogeography of S we aimed to clarify 1) the current taxonomic circumscription and global range of S genetic integrity (reproductive isolation in sympatry) and biogeographical history of previously described mtDNA phylogroups where specimens had previously been classified as distinct species and mapped with unprecedented scale and resolution the complex distribution of phylogroups in the Arctic/Atlantic we inferred the sequence of post-glacial poleward migration of phylogroups from disjunct glacial ranges based on phylogeographic and palaeo-environmental evidence This and their general isolation along a modern secondary contact zone support the role of glacial vicariance as a driver of marine allopatric divergence and speciation a role that is often hypothesized but poorly documented with good empirical evidence These findings are particularly relevant for the understanding of the evolution and biogeography of amphi-boreal species complexes and other high-latitude marine biota most directly affected by periodic glacial advances Genealogic relationships within Saccharina based on mtCOI sequence data (a) Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree based on 62 unique sequences Numbers above and below the branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.90) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values (>60) Horizontal triangles represent collapsed branches with length (horizontal) representing the distance from the branches’ common node to the tip of the longest branch and height (vertical) scaled to the number of (unique) sequences collapsed Haplotypes are represented by circles sized to their frequency Range of K2P sequence divergences (%) within recovered genetic entities of Saccharina spp. Boxplots are grouped according to the type of pairwise comparison: intra-specific (left, intra-phylogroup in the case of S. latissima s.l.), inter-phylogroup (mid graph, in orange) and inter-specific (right). FCA plot based on all individual multilocus genotypes of S. latissima s. l. Solid lines denote mtDNA phylogroups (note the correspondence with microsatellite-based genotypic clusters) and dashed lines further geographic sub-divisions inferred with genotypic data alone. All putative hybrids were detected in NW Greenland (NW Atlantic) within mixed COI-A/COI-C populations. The “temperate” COI-C outlier could result from backcrossing, genotyping error, or other. Diagram of the most likely demographic scenarios chosen by the (a) first and (b) second hierarchal levels of ABC analyses COI data were incompatible with the current taxonomic interpretation of S with interesting systematic and biogeographic implications coriacea from Hokkaido (in our analyses corresponding to phylogroups D and A respectively) exhibited identical ITS and plastid rbcLS sequences The limited number of genetically confirmed individuals prevents the mapping of the general ranges of the phylogroups A and D in the Pacific including establishing if the latter is truly endemic to the NW Pacific coast A true Pacific phylogeography would require extensive surveys along the coastlines of Japan Taking into consideration the ecologic and morphologic plasticity of S latissima throughout Japanese and Russian shores underlying the current multitude of described morpho-taxa Bering and Chukchi Seas) genetic information for other Pacific regions additional unaccounted diversity cannot be completely ruled out our knowledge concerning the identity and distribution of phylogroups in the Atlantic is now much more complete Phylogroups B and C were confirmed to have disjunct distributions in NE (Iberia to Svalbard) and NW (Long Island Sound to northern Baffin Bay) sides of the Atlantic The Atlantic distribution of phylogroup A was also extended in this study to include whole of W Greenland where it was often observed in local sympatry with phylogroup C Multi-locus genotypic clusters matched remarkably well COI phylogroups confirming that differences are genome-wide and constant throughout their ranges and not reflecting some single-gene idiosyncrasy intra- oceanic microsatellite structure was also apparent within phylogroups but with much weaker phylogeographic signal a “southern” (Iberia plus Brittany) and a “northern” genotypic clusters were relatively well resolved as was to some extent a similar southern/northern subdivision in the NW Atlantic (phylogroup C) Widespread phylogroup A also revealed mild (recovered only in the FCA) genotypic differences between Pacific and Atlantic samples that deserve further examination A range of pre- and post-zygotic mechanisms may nevertheless influence real hybridization (and hybrid survival) rates in the wild which may be challenging to assess directly A few mixed populations were detected throughout the overlapping ranges of phylogroups A and C in western Greenland and Hudson Bay These mixed populations exhibited the largest heterozygote deficiencies suggesting that hybridization is not frequent individuals with intermediate genotypes (putative hybrids and backcrosses <90% assignment to either A or C clusters in the admixture analyses) were detected in at least 4 of these populations where A and C phylogroups were sampled with a 3/2 ratio While the nature of the biological isolation mechanisms that may be operating is not fully identified it seems clear that rates of gene-flow following contact have been insufficient to compromise their integrity at both local and regional scales the available genetic data (phylogeography and apparent paucity of genetic hybrids in sympatry) is clearly compatible with the hypothesis of S corresponding to a complex of incipient species an expected contact zone between NE (B) and NW (A & C) Atlantic phylogroups could not be located making it impossible at present to determine their actual degree of isolation Mixed populations may still occur along the southern tip of Greenland as different phylogroups are established on each side of the island Future sampling campaigns should target this area to look for potential mixed populations contact areas and reproductive isolation remain basically unassessed It also remains to be assessed if there is any constant and unambiguous diagnostic character allowing field/laboratory identification of S additional morphological and phylogeographical data and particularly detailed characterization of additional contact zones are likely to bring new insights on the full diversity and relationships of lineages within the species complex and ultimately help determine their most adequate biological and taxonomic status may be useful to explain population structure of S latissima and other cosmopolitan amphi-boreal species the Eurasian ice-sheet spread from the Russian Severnaya Zemlya archipelago to the British Isles across the emerged Kara the modern Bering Sea provided a terrestrial passage (Beringia) between the Eurasian and American continents and supressed the modern connection between the Pacific and the Arctic oceans The Laurentide ice-sheet also spread across the modern Hudson Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to connect with the Greenland ice-sheet forming a second barrier preventing trans-Arctic exchanges between the Pacific and the NW Atlantic oceans latissima lacking planktonic dispersive stages these large distributional gaps may act as a potent trans-Siberian dispersal barrier disjunct glacial ranges and smaller population sizes help explain the observed NE/NW Atlantic divergence regular contact and admixture during interglacials are likely to be largely irrelevant evolutionarily This is because secondary contacts during post-glacial expansions tend to form predominantly at high latitudes [as presently observed in western (and potentially southern) Greenland] so that admixed populations are among those more prone to be erased in subsequent glacial advances southern populations will tend to persist across climatic shifts All this evidence from marine organisms with distinct dispersal means suggests that episodic waves of trans-Arctic and trans-Atlantic migration and chronic glacial vicariance probably represent rather general drivers of marine diversification cost-effective first step for species assignments in Saccharina spp and new and more robust insights are likely to emerge as data from additional species and populations accumulate Future molecular surveys should prioritize the NW Pacific diversity hotspot and where the diversity and distribution of genetically confirmed S fine-scale studies focusing on modern contact zones – e.g spatial and genetic (microsatellite) data – are required to further evaluate the nature and strength of the putative isolating mechanisms at play in this complex are fascinating models to investigate marine demographic responses resilience and diversification associated with the Pleistocene climatic shifts We attributed the clear genomic and biogeographic differences detected within this cosmopolitan species to prolonged glacial isolation in disjunct persistence areas intercalated with interglacial expansions and limited admixture in ephemeral It remains to be evaluated whether present biodiversity coincides with relevant functional differences that could be important from a conservation or cultivation perspective particularly in a scenario of ongoing climatic change and ever increasing demand for marine 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(v1.0) Ecological opportunities and specializations shaped genetic divergence in a highly mobile marine top predator Download references Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research NSERC Industrial Research Chair for Colleges in Marine Macroalgae population structure and demographic analyses The authors declare that they have no competing interests Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19620-7 Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Metrics details Amphibians are often recognized as bioindicators of healthy ecosystems The persistence of amphibian populations in heavily contaminated environments provides an excellent opportunity to investigate rapid vertebrate adaptations to harmful contaminants Using a combination of culture-based challenge assays and a skin permeability assay we tested whether the skin-associated microbiota may confer adaptive tolerance to tropical amphibians in regions heavily contaminated with arsenic thus supporting the adaptive microbiome principle and immune interactions of the amphibian mucus At lower arsenic concentrations (1 and 5 mM As3+) we found a significantly higher number of bacterial isolates tolerant to arsenic from amphibians sampled at an arsenic contaminated region (TES) than from amphibians sampled at an arsenic free region (JN) none of the bacterial isolates from our arsenic free region tolerated high concentrations of arsenic where we tested whether a subset of arsenic-tolerant bacterial isolates could reduce skin permeability to arsenic we found that isolates known to tolerate high concentrations of arsenic significantly reduced amphibian skin permeability to this metalloid This pattern did not hold true for bacterial isolates with low arsenic tolerance Our results describe a pattern of environmental selection of arsenic-tolerant skin bacteria capable of protecting amphibians from intoxication which helps explain the persistence of amphibian populations in water bodies heavily contaminated with arsenic arsenic-mediated selection of microbial communities could be leading amphibians to recruit a protective biofilm layer enriched with arsenic-tolerant microorganisms tested whether the amphibian skin-associated microbiota may confer adaptive tolerance to amphibians in regions heavily contaminated with arsenic we (i) tested whether amphibians thriving at an arsenic contaminated region had a higher proportion of arsenic tolerant skin-associated bacteria than amphibians sampled at an arsenic-free region We followed this observational study with an experiment in the laboratory where we (ii) tested whether amphibian-skin bacteria isolated at our arsenic contaminated region were the most efficient at reducing skin permeability to arsenic This two-tiered approach allowed us to describe a pattern of environmental selection of arsenic-tolerant skin bacteria capable of protecting amphibians from intoxication Our study highlights the potential role of evolutionary and metabolic processes in shaping the relationship between skin-associated microbiota and the physiological adaptations of vertebrates to challenging environmental conditions Sampling regions of our focal study species. TES Tripuí Ecological Station, an area naturally contaminated by metals, located in the state of Minas Gerais (yellow). JN municipality of João Neiva, uncontaminated area, located in the state of Espírito Santo (green). Images (a–e) highlight the morphological characteristics of the five species sampled in both regions. Analysis of the tolerance of bacterial isolates to different concentrations of arsenic (A) Evaluation of the degree of tolerance of bacterial isolates in different arsenic concentrations n: total number of tolerant isolates in the investigated conditions TES contaminated area and JN uncontaminated area p-values of pairwise comparisons are shown the median is depicted by a horizontal line while the box marks the first and third quartiles Vertical lines extend to the maximum and minimum values (B) Evaluation of the degree of tolerance of bacterial isolates in our focal amphibian species sampled JN and TES sites Numbers ranging from 0 to 100 represent the percentage of tolerance assessed at each of the six growth times Colors represent arsenic concentrations to which isolates exhibited tolerance To verify the influence of bacteria on the permeability profile of anuran skin to arsenic in solution, we developed a novel low-cost methodology (Fig. 3). Steps involved in the construction of the apparatus for simulating exposure to arsenic and analysis of the influence of skin-associated microbiota on the permeability of this contaminant (A) Ilustrative summary of the steps described in the methodology Numbers 1 to 7 represent the following steps: 1—reactivation of the selected bacteria; 2—in parallel fragments of bullfrog skin (Lithobates catesbeianus) were prepared; 3—skin fragments were placed in contact with bacterial cultures in Petri dishes and incubated at 28 °C for 24 h; 4—after incubation skin fragments were removed from the Petri dish and separated; 5—skin fragments were tied to the open end of the test tube containing the arsenic solution (5 mM NaAsO2 final concentration); 6—test tube containing the tied skin was exposed to Amphibian Ringer's solution (ARS); 7—test tube was suspended by a rigid black paper plate thus limiting the contact of the ARS with the environment (B) Method for measuring the change in conductivity due to the permeabilization of arsenic through the amphibian skin Qualitative analysis of the results obtained from the amphibian simulation apparatus to contaminated environments (A) Growth chronology and tolerance profile of selected isolates at different arsenic concentrations JN1 and JN2: isolates obtained from an uncontaminated area and TES3: isolates obtained from contaminated area Colored squares represent the times in which the growth rate of bacterial isolates was confirmed in the following arsenic concentrations (1 mM yellow (B) Change of conductivity in Amphibian Ringer's solution after 24 h The observed increase in conductivity was directly associated with diffusion of arsenic through the amphibian skin Error bars (SE) were determined from three independent experimental trials (C) Summary of qualitative results associated with the use of the apparatus + represents positive bacterial growth and- negative Values within parentheses are average ± standard deviation Upward facing arrows indicate increased conductivity after 24 h of testing Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to aposteriori Tukey HSD test for multiple comparisons The number of arrows is directly associated with increases of conductivity values their ecological interactions and the complexity of functional traits are not yet fully understood The study showed that the culturable microbiota while not completely representative of the bacterial diversity in the environment can provide valuable insights into the ecology and processes involved in bacterial-animal interactions These results differ from those obtained using bacterial isolates from amphibian species sampled at our arsenic-contaminated site which are presumably more arsenic-tolerant the observed change in conductivity through the ARS solution was much smaller which supports the tolerance profile of these isolates to As3 + and the increased protective function for amphibians A curious fact observed for isolates with greater protective power is that they showed a positive growth rate in the contaminant solution which could suggest a chemoautotrophic metabolic profile whereas isolates with lower protection potential showed microbial growth only in ARS It is important to highlight that our apparatus developed to verify permeability tests on the epithelial tissue of frogs could be further improved in future experiments examining the structure of the epithelial tissue before and after experiments and developing techniques to measure real-time changes in media (such as arsenic or Ringer's solutions) could be implemented Model proposed to suggest how the epithelial microbiota interferes in the adaptation of the anurans in contaminated environments (A) Resilience (left) and animal susceptibility are dependent on the tolerance profile of the associated bacterial species Amphibian species that have tolerant microbiota may not be good indicators of environmental contamination (B) Metabolic diversity is found in bacteria associated with arsenic metabolism 1—Biofilm reduces metal contact with animal tissue; 2—redox reactions reduce ion toxicity; 3—biotransformation reactions transform more toxic species into less toxic ones; 4—efflux of ions or molecules carrying the contaminant; 5—chelation of harmful ions to organic molecules; 6—activation of oxidative species metabolism This context emphasizes that amphibians thriving in heavily polluted areas serve as excellent models for studying animal-microbiota interactions with contaminated areas serving as hotspots for comprehending the evolutionary profiles of host-associated microbiomes our findings underscores how evolutionary and metabolic processes may influence the interplay between skin-associated microbiota and the physiological adaptations of vertebrates to demanding environmental conditions To analyze the resistance of each bacterial isolate to arsenic we used cultures growing in Petri dishes with solid LB medium at different concentrations of As3+ (1 mM in addition to a control dish containing only solid LB medium We transferred bacterial isolates to 96-well plates using a replicator We then transferred these samples to Petri dishes with different concentrations of As3+ and incubated them at 28 °C using a 96-tip multi-replicator We photographed each culture at 48 h intervals over 12 days to monitor the growth of bacterial isolates We quantified As3+ tolerance by measuring colony growth over time at each As3+ concentration it should be noted that visible growth of bacteria on As3+-containing media after 48 h might not necessarily indicate bacteria that were resistant or tolerant to arsenic at the time of isolation These observed colonies could potentially be mutants that emerged early in the growth assay and subsequently replicated to the point of visibility by the end of the growth period visible growth may not accurately reflect resistance of bacteria collected from the skin but rather indicate bacteria with higher mutation rates or potential variations in RNA polymerase activity it is more plausible that these bacterial isolates were indeed resistance or tolerance to As3+ at the time of isolation we aseptically excised fragments of bullfrog skin (Lithobates catesbeianus) from a frog farm/slaughterhouse donation and keep individually wrapped fragments frozen until the onset of the experiment we thawed skin at room temperature and cut it into square-shaped fragments with 6 cm edges These fragments then went through a disinfection phase remaining immersed in a 0.01% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 min the bacterial isolates selected for this assay were pre-inoculated in LB medium at 28 °C under agitation of 250 rpm in a shaker and 25μL were then transferred and spread in LB agar medium in the Petri dish at the moment in which the growth solution achieved an optical density (OD600nm) of 0.6 we exposed the outer epidermal layer of each skin fragment to bacterial cultures in Petri dishes which simulated osmotically realistic amphibian body fluids To secure the test tube while maintaining the inner surface of the skin in continuous contact with ARS (suspended 2 cm from the bottom of the beaker) we used a rigid piece of black paper fitted to the center of the test tube and supporting the weight of the tube through the edges of the beaker thus limiting the contact of ARS with the outer environment The sensor of a conductivity meter was inserted into the ARS we selected five (out of 644) bacterial isolates for these assays: two bacterial isolates from JN tolerant to 1 (JN1 from H and three isolates from TES tolerant to 5 (TES1 from H coli strain DH10B (susceptible in the presence of arsenic) in the trial as a control We reactivated each of these six bacterial isolates and grew them on solid LB medium (on 60 × 15 mm Petri dishes) for two days at 28 °C We measure conductivity by placing the conductivity meter probe in contact with ARS at 0 and 24 h after the onset of the experiment taking conductivity readings in triplicate we also measured and compared bacterial growth rates among isolates growing (based on optical density—OD and turbidity) in in both ARS (mimicking amphibian body fluids) and As3+ solution (mimicking the outside environment) we also quantified changes in turbidity (a metric of bacterial growth) on both arsenic solution and ARS We validated our interpretations through reactivation of bacteria from both solutions in culture medium We reactivated bacteria by inoculating and spreading 10 μL of each solution with a Drigalski loop in individual Petri dishes containing LB medium three samples of each culture (ARS and As3+ solution) were taken (1 ml) and read in a spectrophotometer (Palo Alto USA) in visible light with a wavelength of 600 nm To compare bacterial growth on arsenic medium between isolates from TES and JN amphibians, we performed a generalized linear model (GLM) with a Poisson distribution and a log link59 bacterial 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Physiol. 253, 110869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110869 (2021) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing Download references We thank the members of the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology lab at the Federal University of Ouro Preto We would like to extend our appreciation to Diego Dayvison Dias and Isabela Botelho Cardoso for their valuable assistance in sampling frogs We also extend our thanks to the State Institute of Forest of Minas Gerais and the coordination of the Tripuí Ecological Station for their generous help with the amphibian sampling and identification we are thankful for the support of PROPPi UFOP Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas Camila Carrião Machado Garcia & Leandro Marcio Moreira Laboratório de Genômica e Interação Bactérias-Ambiente Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Marina Beirão & Maria Rita Silvério Pires IFC and LMM developed the methodology for evaluating the permeability of frog skin to metals IFC and MB performed the statistical analysis; ICF and MRSP conducted fieldwork LMM and CCMG provided study and laboratory materials with important contribution from all authors All authors contributed to reviewing the manuscript Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60879-w Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2025) Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Translational Research newsletter — top stories in biotechnology Metrics details Climate-driven range-shifts create evolutionary opportunities for allopatric divergence and subsequent contact leading to genetic structuration and hybrid zones We investigate how these processes influenced the evolution of a complex of three closely related Cystoseira spp. which are a key component of the Mediterranean-Atlantic seaweed forests that are undergoing population declines have indistinct boundaries and natural hybridization is suspected Our aims are to (1) infer the genetic structure and diversity of these species throughout their distribution ranges using microsatellite markers to identify ancient versus recent geographical populations and (2) hindcast past distributions using niche models to investigate the influence of past range shifts on genetic divergence at multiple spatial scales morphologically plastic species the genetic structure of which was incongruent with a priori species assignments The low diversity and low singularity in northern European populations suggest recent colonization after the LGM The southern Iberian genetic hotspot most likely results from the role of this area as a climatic refugium or a secondary contact zone between differentiated populations or both We hypothesize that life-history traits (selfing low dispersal) and prior colonization effects might explain the observed genetic discontinuities Differentiating between refugia or admixture as causes of genetic hotspots is possible by analysing the global distribution of private alleles along ranges Predictions that can be tested include: (i) secondary contact (admixture) zones with high allelic richness and low singularity; (ii) leading edges with lower diversity and differentiation; (iii) refugia with high and unique genetic diversity; and (iv) trailing edges with low diversity and high differentiation This may shed new lights on the role of climate-driven range-shifts and of putative introgressive processes in the evolution of this genus This study asks whether these species within the C tamariscifolia complex form discrete genetic pools and how their divergence may have been shaped by past range shifts and hybridization at contact zones we analyse the genetic structure and diversity of this species complex throughout its distribution and integrate it with modelled past range shifts during climate extremes (the LGM) using SDMs We use these results to identify genetic signatures of past range shifts and possible hybridization at contact zones between the three species To further distinguish the alternative hypotheses of distinct species that admix when in contact versus a single species with morphotypes that vary among habitats we analyse in detail a zone in the Iberian Peninsula containing parapatric populations of C a mean sea-level change of −116 m was considered where the species co-occur but show depth range differences identified based on the presence of multiple cauloids (basal parts of the thallus that emerge from the holdfast) occurred close to the surface (Pi = parapatric intertidal) forming a dense meadow were scattered at depths between 1 and 2 m (Ps = parapatric subtidal) (see Supplementary S2) At each site throughout the geographical distribution 30 to 48 individuals of each species were sampled The minimum distance between sampled individuals was 0.5 m A small clean piece of the apical branch was collected per individual Between two and four voucher specimens from most of the sampling sites were lodged in the herbarium of the University of Algarve (see Supplementary S1.4) data were standardised to a sample size of 23 individuals (excluding Od from analyses) The analyses were done for a minimum of 1 site per region since one of the clusters was just one location One-way ANOVAs were performed to assess differences in the means of private alleles and allelic richness between regions followed by Tukey tests for post hoc comparisons large allele dropout and to estimate null allele frequencies When evidence of null alleles was significant ANCOVA was performed to assess isolation by distance between clusters we only considered populations separated by 150 to 700 km for the ANCOVA STRUCTURE and kappa analysis were repeated (keeping K = 2) including the closest localities sampled where C amentacea (GV and Cq) occurred alone in the contact area to assess whether the individuals would group according to site or morphological entity The models for the species complex yielded lower but still acceptable validation scores The clamping mask did not detect uncertainty regions tamariscifolia and the whole complex for the present time matched very well their known (empirical) distributions the models predicted high probabilities of occurrence along the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula and the Azores with the North Atlantic African coast also suitable for C Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) hindcasts of Cystoseira showing the model obtained with the pooled occurrences of the three studied species (a) with probabilities ranging from 0 -dark blue- to 100 -dark red-) and the overlap of the models obtained for each species separately (b) High latitude LGM ice-sheet is depicted according to the oceanic CMIP5 reconstruction No evidence of large allele dropout or stuttering scoring errors was found while null alleles were rare to uncommon (proportion per locus < 0.25) Population genetic structure of Cystoseira populations (a) STRUCTURE assignment of individuals to 3 (upper plot) and 7 (lower plot) inferred clusters A column represents each individual; different colours within columns indicate the maximum likelihood probability of belonging to different clusters (b) Map of sampled localities coloured according to the dominant genetic cluster Symbol indicates morpho-species: circle - C amentacea; and hexagon - parapatric populations of C Correspondence Analysis based on allele composition for six microsatellites loci of Cystoseira tamariscifolia, C. amentacea and C. mediterranea individuals from different populations. A1 - Axis 1 (Inertia = 2.45%); A2 - Axis 2 (Inertia = 2.13%); A3 - Axis 3 (Inertia = 1.96%). Individuals coloured according to STRUCTURE results for k = 7 (Fig. 3) Standardised allelic richness (n = 23; pop = 1) and standardised private allele number for the seven identified subregions Upper letters indicate the result of pairwise comparisons Deviation bars represent the standard error Relationship between Jost’s D genetic distance and the shortest sea distance considering: (a) all populations (mantel R = 0.507; p-value < 0.05); (b) only North Atlantic (black dots and black line; mantel R = 0.873; p-value < 0.05) Atlantic-Mediterranean transition (White dots and red line; mantel R = 0.157; p-value > 0.05) and Mediterranean populations (grey dots and green line; mantel R = 0.610; p-value < 0.05) Proportion of ancestry of each sampled individual (columns) as inferred with STRUCTURE for six microsatellite loci in “El Playazo” divergent and spatially structured genetic pools which can be explained by past climate-driven range shifts We further show that the morphological species traditionally recognized within this complex do not correspond with separate genetic groups and that those morphological species interbreed when co-occurring in contact zones indicating that current taxonomical classification needs to be re-evaluated The STRUCTURE analyses revealed the existence of three main genetic clusters and seven spatially coherent sub-clusters. All clusters showed unique alleles and significant differentiation (Fig. 4; See Supplementary S3) also suggesting historical and ongoing barriers to gene flow among these regions our models hindcasted a disjoint potential distribution of the species complex during the LGM split into three main regions – 1) NW Africa 2) from Biscay Bay to the Celtic Sea in the Atlantic the independent genetic evidence sampled in the present ranges also groups all the individuals of this complex into three main genetic clusters – 1) S Iberia and NW Mediterranean and 3) a disjunct Central Mediterranean and Saharan cluster was not stable within higher cluster across runs (Sah sometimes grouping with NAtl and NEIbe sometimes grouping with Central Mediterranean) Comparing past isolated ranges and present genetic groups permits us to postulate some hypotheses The inferred LGM refugium from the Celtic Sea (NE Atlantic) to northern Iberia corresponds to the present distribution of the differentiated northern genetic group the two remaining areas with high probability of occurrence during the LGM (NW Africa and SE Mediterranean) do not include Southern Iberia where the highest diversity of the complex is found This could hypothetically be an effect of range shifts during the recent warmer climates allowing the (presumably highly diverse) northern African group to colonize Southern Iberia The Central Mediterranean genetic group (CMed) may have been colonized from the third inferred refugium in the SE Mediterranean where the species currently appears to have a rather marginal presence (Supplementary S1.1) If the three described morphospecies were indeed constituted of three separate entities they would have most likely overlapped in geographical space during the LGM according to our hindcasts the contact of these putative morpho-species would date back to (and likely pre-date) the LGM and continue afterwards as a consequence of the expansion of refugial populations into a more continuous distribution area If they were not strongly reproductively isolated then widespread admixture and introgression would be expected This scenario cannot be ruled out as the cause for the observed genetic patterns although there is little evidence for admixture and introgression of distinct genetic groups co-occurring together the clustering of individuals in multiple geographical regions suggests that the recovered genetic structure is not primarily defined by morphological species assignments and that each regional genetic group is a distinct lineage with a common ancestor The North Atlantic cluster showed the lowest genetic diversity and singularity of all the regions considered Such a pattern is often a consequence of consecutive bottlenecks due to founder events and its high differentiation suggests that the separation of this group is not recent (see Supplementary S3.2) The most likely hypothesis for such a present scenario is a past postglacial colonization from a genetically distinct group where the models indicate that an ancient refugial population could have persisted the high genetic diversity and singularity in this area could be a consequence of a double role of southern Iberia as secondary contact area and as a climatic refugium the high number of unique alleles found in this area could also have their origin in nearby unsampled populations from northern Africa The models for the whole complex predicted a post-LGM retreat in the southernmost Atlantic distribution edge models suggested important range changes since the LGM and a current and past range edge location of Sicilian populations the relatively low allelic richness found in Saharan and Mediterranean populations should be the consequence of genetic erosion associated with their marginal and unstable character the clusters Northeast Iberia and Gulf of Lion (one population only) showed similar allelic richness and number of unique alleles as Saharan and Central Mediterranean populations the different models do not support long-term persistence there the high number of private alleles could have their origin in other regions nearby that might presently be extinct or unsampled Future studies of the genetic diversity and differentiation of extant Libyan populations will be key to better understand the phylogeography of this complex since according to the models these should be the most stable populations in the Mediterranean Sea the hypothesis that Northern Atlantic populations could have originated from just one or a few Iberian refugia while the Mediterranean could have been recolonised from different glacial refugia from Eastern Mediterranean might also partially explain these differences in genetic structure and similarity in combination with long sandy coast and the Rhône Estuary hindering the arrival of putative immigrants amentacea population (Gulf of Lion) was among the most differentiated populations mediterranea (in the NE Iberian cluster) was genetically closer to C which is geographically closer to the southern Iberian and Sicilian populations of this species than GL the existence of marked genetic divergence between C amentacea from the Gulf of Lion and South-Western Mediterranean populations is expected and could have important taxonomical implications Such studies may provide new insights and help capture with a finer resolution the historical patterns of diversification within this ecologically important complex The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages Pillars of Hercules: is the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition a phylogeographical break Evaluating Signatures of Glacial Refugia for North Atlantic Benthic Marine Taxa In Seaweed Phylogeography (ed Springer) 279–308 (Springer Netherlands The Bottleneck Effect and Genetic Variability in Populations Glacial refugia: hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity Surfing the wave on a borrowed board: range expansion and spread of introgressed organellar genomes in the seaweed Fucus ceranoides L Evolution and diversification within the intertidal brown macroalgae Fucus spiralis/F vesiculosus species complex in the North Atlantic Travelling in time with networks: Revealing present day hybridization versus ancestral polymorphism between two species of brown algae Dna Sequence Data Demonstrate the Polyphyly of the Genus Cystoseira and Other Sargassaceae Genera (Phaeophyceae)1 The influence of canopy algae on vertical patterns of distribution of low-shore assemblages on rocky coasts in the northwest Mediterranean Spatial variability and response to anthropogenic pressures of assemblages dominated by a habitat forming seaweed sensitive to pollution (northern coast of Alboran Sea) and Sargassum spp.) in the Albères coast (France Loss of fucoid algae along a gradient of urbanisation The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts Guiry, M. D. & Guiry, G. M. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available at: http://www.algaebase.org (2017) Sargassaceae): a taxonomic reappraisal of misused names with the proposal of Cystoseira michaelae Verlaque et al. Flora y vegetación marina y litoral delCabo de Gata y el Puerto de Roquetas de Mar (Almería) Estudio fenológico de varias especies del género Cystoseira en Mallorca Un nuovo approccio allo studio della sistematica del genere Cystoseira C First characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellites for Cystoseira amentacea var A population genetics toolbox for the threatened canopy-forming brown seaweeds Cystoseira tamariscifolia and C Guía de las macroalgas y fanerógamas marinas del mediterráneo occidental (2013) À propos des Cystoseira de Banyuls et de Guéthary Bio-ORACLE: A global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling Accounting for uncertainty in predictions of a marine species: integrating population genetics to verify past distributions Thuiller, W., Georges, D., Engler, R. & Breiner, F. Biomod2: Ensemble Platform for Species Distribution Modeling. R package version 3.3-7. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=biomod2 (2016) A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models A language and environment for statistical computing Broad scale agreement between intertidal habitats and adaptive traits on a basis of contrasting population genetic structure HP-RARE 1.0: A computer program for performing rarefaction on measures of allelic richness Population genetic software for teaching and research Micro-Checker: Software for Identifying and Correcting Genotyping Errors in Microsatellite Data A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales Comparing global vegetation maps with the Kappa statistic Range-edge genetic diversity: Locally poor extant southern patches maintain a regionally diverse hotspot in the seagrass Zostera marina High and Distinct Range-Edge Genetic Diversity despite Local Bottlenecks Development of a transplantation technique of Cystoseira amentacea var Implications of mating system for genetic diversity of sister algal species: Fucus spiralis and Fucus vesiculosus (Heterokontophyta Periodicity of propagule expulsion and settlement in the competing native and invasive brown seaweeds Cystoseira humilis and Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyta) Mature habitats associated with genetic divergence despite strong dispersal ability in an arthropod Spatial patterns of macrophyte composition and landscape along the rocky shores of northern coasts of the Alboran Sea Algal diversity in relation to physical disturbance: a mosaic of successional stages in a subtidal cobble habitat Effects of wave exposure and depth on biomass density and fertility of the fucoid seaweed Sargassum polyceratium (Phaeophyta Age- and size-based morphological comparison between the brown alga Sargassum macrocarpum (Heterokonta; Fucales) from different depths at an exposed coast in northern Kyoto Genetic differentiation in Sargassum polyceratium (Fucales: Phaeophyceae) around the island of Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) differentiis specificis et descriptionibus succinctis Flora anglica; exhibens plantas per regnum angliae sponte crescentes distributas secundum systema sexuale: cum differentiis specierum In Exploration scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840 Driving south: a multi-gene phylogeny of the brown algal family Fucaceae reveals relationships and recent drivers of a marine radiation Examination of species delimitation of ambiguous DNA-based Ulva (Ulvophyceae Chlorophyta) clades by culturing and hybridisation Download references This study was funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts (USA) FCT (Portugal) through project MARFOR (FCT-BIODIVERSA/004/2015) and postdoc fellowships SFRH/BPD/107878/2015 to AHE and SFRH/BPD/85040/2012 to RMC Bermejo held a FPU fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Education and received a European Community ASSEMBLE visiting grant (Ref and two grants from the University of Cadiz for stages in CCMAR de la Fuente for providing samples from Calblanque Santa Pola and Blanes respectively; J Ratcliff for writing assistance and Marta Valente (CCMAR) for genotyping Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marines (INMAR) (biogeographic goals); field sampling was conducted by R.B. Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28811-1 Why you can trust SCMP{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1020x680/public/d8/images/2022/02/22/prof_ozer_cb.jpg?itok=p1gPh2LR"}Advertising partnerPublished: 12:00am business leaders around the world have faced unprecedented challenges Whether these challenges have spelt new opportunities or presented a whole new set of on-going challenges there is no doubt that business leaders of today have to navigate a world with a level of uncertainty that makes coming up with reasonable plans for the future more challenging this is where further education in business administration can help to arm and prepare business leaders for the world of tomorrow programme director of the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) programme offered by the College of Business at the City University of Hong Kong (CityU) “Business leaders today should be able to make sense of the changes in the macroenvironment take advantage of the latest technologies and adopt flexible strategies,” he said With a strong focus on methodology and active research CityU’s DBA programme is unparalleled in arming business leaders with the know-how and the latest approaches to manage a wildly unpredictable environment its primary aim is to equip leaders with new management ideas and practices by applying advanced research techniques to solve real world business and management problems the course is therefore most suited for business leaders and it typically draws a student body that comes with an abundance of work experience or are outstanding applicants Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker