and Johayron.Cuban singer Thaly Lages releases a female version of "El Punto," by Bebeshito
The young Cuban singer Thaly Lages is the new sensation on social media after releasing her response to the song "El Punto" by Oniel Bebeshito
This version has earned her the approval of her followers on Instagram
“El Punto” is one of the songs of the moment
especially since the passing of José Manuel Carbajal
thanks to the young Cuban singer Thaly Lages
we know how this song would sound if it were sung by a woman..
This talented Cuban singer and songwriter has wanted to add a female touch and respond to the lyrics of the Cubans by offering her own perspective
and now you take everything that belongs to me
Seeing me beautiful has only multiplied your pain
and talking about you just takes away my points
let’s leave it there since we’re no longer together," are some of the lyrics sung by the young woman in her female version of the hit song
Graduated in Journalism from King Juan Carlos University in Madrid
Graduated in Journalism from Rey Juan Carlos University in Madrid
Previously an editor at El Mundo and PlayGround
The World Socialist Web Site invites workers and other readers to <a href="/en/special/pages/contact.html">contribute</a> to this regular feature
Three thousand city workers in the southern city of Lages, Santa Catarina state, went on strike on April 8. At stake are wages. Lages municipal workers, who have not had a raise since 2020, are demanding a 12 percent wage increase, a R$ 1730 minimum monthly wage ($300 US dollars), and an updated food voucher.
Negotiations with the municipality have not made any progress. The strikers work in several key sectors including health, education, building, environment, social assistance, and housing. 
On the day of the strike, workers braved the rain, and mobilized and rallied at the city’s central square. 
Lages is the largest city in Santa Caterina state and is part of an industrial, timber, cattle-breeding region. The city, situated in the Santa Caterina highlands, is also a center of tourism.
This is the first contract for Lages municipal workers since 2020.
On Tuesday April 8, 25-year-old bus driver Daniel Alexis Guillermos Suárez was killed in Lima, Perú’s capital by gunmen on motorcycles. A few hours earlier another driver, 65-year-old Luis Chinchay, had been badly wounded from gunfire.
So far this year 16 drivers have been killed, all victims of mafia violence. The company that employed Guillermo Suárez appears to have known that its drivers were in danger due to extortion attempts by a criminal gang. However, it did not warn its drivers. Reacting to the news, family members and neighbors took to the streets, demanding that bus drivers drop of their passengers and join them in protest; many bus drivers walked off their jobs and joined the demonstration. 
On Thursday April 10, thousands of bus drivers again went on strike; according to the Madrid Daily newspaper El País, 20,000 transit buses, belonging to 460 companies did not operate that day, the fifth work-stoppage in seven months; this time, however the employers supported the job action. The protests, six columns of marchers, surrounded the national legislature building in downtown Lima. There were several instances of police repression throughout the day.
The drivers are demanding that the Dina Boluarte administration assure their safety. Since September 2024, when the strikes began, the government has done nothing. 
Speaking to the demonstrators, one legislator proposed that bus drivers use bullet-proof shields and vests; another that the government deport all foreigners. The crowd rejected both proposals.
Baluarte, in a brief message, declared that in 2 years and a few months since she took office, it was impossible to resolve a problem that has existed for “20, 30, 40 years.”
The union representing over 900 workers at PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center in Bellingham, Washington, announced April 8 that workers voted “overwhelmingly” to grant strike authorization as talks between the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Healthcare 1199NW and hospital management have failed to come to terms over wages, medical benefits and safety issues.
SEIU local president Jane Hopkins told Cascadia Daily News that “our goal is not to strike, but to reach an agreement.” Washington state law requires a ten-day strike notice. PeaceHealth spokesperson Amy Drury replied that the hospital “has contingency plans in place” should a strike develop.
The bargaining unit includes lab assistants, imaging technicians and service workers. The old agreement expired in November of last year and more than a dozen negotiating sessions have taken place. The two sides returned to the bargaining table this week.
PeaceHealth is also holding negotiations with two other bargaining groups while it is challenging an additional group seeking union representation.
The 600 workers at Mayo Clinic Hospital Methodist Campus in Rochester, Minnesota, voted April 10 by an 87 percent margin to end their arbitration agreement and no-strike clause in future contracts. The move will not affect current negotiations by the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) on behalf of a variety of technicians, maintenance and other service workers.
Mayo is currently undergoing a $5 billion expansion in downtown Rochester while at the same time workers face understaffing and their wages are not keeping up with the cost of living. SEIU bargaining committee member Hallie Wallace declared, “It’s the changes in the way that Mayo Clinic is running their hospital and treating their employees over the last 10 years that has been a huge attack on the people who work here.”
The union negotiated a one-year contract last year that expired in January of this year. That agreement raised a section of workers to $20 an hour. The current round of negotiations is seeking to achieve that increase for remaining workers.
Another local of Rochester Mayo workers at St. Mary’s Hospital also labored under a no-strike agreement. They voted last year to abolish arbitration and are currently locked into arbitrated negotiations since last September.
Workers at the Air Products plant in Middletown, Ohio walked out on strike April 6 over wages, citing the company’s failure to provide an offer that keeps up with inflation. The 24 members of Teamsters Local 100 voted “almost unanimously” on the company’s “last best and final offer.”
Air Products management said they had “implemented contingency plans to mitigate any disruption to our production or distribution of industrial gases to our customers.” Local 100 confirmed the company has hired replacement workers.
The recent contract rejection is the second time they have voted down company proposals. The union conceded drivers want a contract that brings them up to standards of other Teamsters truck drivers.
Bus strikes have affected several BC Transit contracted services over the past two years. Bus drivers in Campbell River and the Comox Valley, also organized by Unifor, walked out for almost two months against their employer, Pacific Western Transportation, in late 2023 and early 2024. Transit workers in the central Fraser Valley also struck for 127 days in 2023 while Whistler region bus workers went on strike for 137 days in 2022.  
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The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and although this is a complex disease, the screening is made simply with the value of the Body Mass Index. This index only considers weight and height, being limited in portraying the multiple existing obesity phenotypes. The characterization of the chronotype and circadian system as an innovative phenotype of a patient’s form of obesity is gaining increasing importance for the development of novel and pinpointed nutritional interventions.
The present study is a prospective observational controlled study conducted in Portugal, aiming to characterize the chronotype and determine its relation to the phenotype and dietary patterns of patients with obesity and healthy participants.
Adults with obesity (study group) and healthy adults (control group), aged between 18 and 75, will be enrolled in this study. Data will be collected to characterize the chronotype, dietary intake, and sleep quality through validated questionnaires. Body composition will also be assessed, and blood samples will be collected to quantify circadian and metabolic biomarkers.
This study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of obesity and dietary intake on circadian biomarkers and, therefore, increase scientific evidence to help future therapeutic interventions based on chronobiology, with a particular focus on nutritional interventions.
Volume 10 - 2023 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1134789">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1134789</a>
This article is part of the Research TopicNew Insights on the Management of Obesity with Nutrition and Physical Activity<a class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right" aria-label="View all 10 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/43610/new-insights-on-the-management-of-obesity-with-nutrition-and-physical-activity/magazine" target="_self" data-event="customLink-linkType-a_viewAll10Articles">View all 10 articles</a>
Background: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise
the screening is made simply with the value of the Body Mass Index
This index only considers weight and height
being limited in portraying the multiple existing obesity phenotypes
The characterization of the chronotype and circadian system as an innovative phenotype of a patient&#x2019;s form of obesity is gaining increasing importance for the development of novel and pinpointed nutritional interventions
Objective: The present study is a prospective observational controlled study conducted in Portugal
aiming to characterize the chronotype and determine its relation to the phenotype and dietary patterns of patients with obesity and healthy participants
Methods: Adults with obesity (study group) and healthy adults (control group)
Data will be collected to characterize the chronotype
and sleep quality through validated questionnaires
and blood samples will be collected to quantify circadian and metabolic biomarkers
Discussion: This study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of obesity and dietary intake on circadian biomarkers and
increase scientific evidence to help future therapeutic interventions based on chronobiology
with a particular focus on nutritional interventions
this measure does not differentiate subcutaneous from visceral fat deposition
The knowledge regarding the etiology of obesity is still evolving; however, some gaps remain, since the translation of this knowledge into the treatment and management of this disease is yet to be successful in large-scale clinical programs (<a href="#ref13">13</a>)
therefore not to be considered a homogenous state
considering the noticeable heterogeneity observed among people that meet the current medical diagnostic criteria for obesity (BMI &#x02265; 30&#x2009;kg/m2)
regarding adipose tissue type and function
These authors suggest that the concept of different &#x201C;obesities&#x201D; is more adequate to the clinical reality and to the distinct treatment challenges associated with different categories of obesity
The relationship between circadian rhythm disruption and obesity is complex and not fully understood
More studies are necessary to assess the role of meal schedules and dietary composition in the regulation and/or deregulation of peripheral clocks
especially including the biological differences in the circadian system through the assessment of individual chronotypes
The present study aims to conduct an observational study on chronotype
and its relation to phenotype and dietary intake in patients with obesity
This study will contribute with scientific evidence to help future interventions based on chronobiology
NutriClock is a prospective observational study involving adults with obesity (study group) and healthy adults (control group). The study protocol was developed based on the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (<a href="#ref45">45</a>)
Participants will be recruited from healthcare centers in Leiria
The study will also be disseminated through social networks and institutional emails
The eligibility of the participants will be assessed on the first visit by the assessment of inclusion and exclusion criteria after the potential participants signed the informed consent. The observational study will be conducted on adults and recruitment will be gender-independent. Obesity will be defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (<a href="#ref1">1</a>). The detailed participant inclusion and exclusion criteria are listed in <a href="#tab1">Table 1</a>
The sample size was estimated using the following formula (<a href="#ref46">46</a>):
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x03B1; is the value of alpha
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x03B2; is the value of beta
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;p0 is the expected proportion of controls with exposure
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;p1 is the proportion of cases with exposure
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;q0&#x2009;=&#x2009;(1 &#x2013; p0)
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;q1&#x2009;=&#x2009;(1 &#x2013; p1)
The prevalence of obesity in the Portuguese adult population was reported as being 17.7% in 2019 (<a href="#ref47">47</a>). Strong evidence suggest that circadian misalignment contributes to obesity and that the metabolic disorders&#x2019; genetic components underlie the large interindividual variation in body weight. Studies have highlighted that the genetic component can contribute for 40%&#x2013;70% of obesity cases (<a href="#ref48">48</a>)
Considering that the chronotype is related to clock gene expression
we assumed that an average of 55% of individuals with obesity will have a clock gene-mediated genetic contribution to the obesity phenotype
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;p0&#x2009;=&#x2009;proportion of controls with obesity&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.18
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;p1&#x2009;=&#x2009;proportion of obesity cases with chronotype misalignment&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.55
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;q0&#x2009;=&#x2009;(1 &#x2013; p0)&#x2009;=&#x2009;1&#x2013;0.18&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.82
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;q1&#x2009;=&#x2009;(1 &#x2013; p1)&#x2009;=&#x2009;1&#x2013;0.55&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.45
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;z (1 &#x2013; &#x03B1;/2)&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.96 (value of the standard normal distribution corresponding to a significance level of alpha [1.96 for a 2-sided test at the 0.05 level])
&#x025AA;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;z (1 &#x2013; &#x03B2;)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.84 (value of the standard normal distribution corresponding to the desired level of power &#x02212;80%)
The sample size necessary for this study is of 46 participants (23 cases and 23 controls)
Having into consideration an attrition rate of 40% for visits 2 and 3
the minimum sample size estimated is 64 (32 for each group)
to prevent and account for the potential high drop-out rate
Data collection is expected to be conducted from January 2023 to September 2023
this period may be extended to ensure a sufficient sample number
all potential participants will be invited to enter the observational study
The study aims and procedures will be explained in detail and in a simple and understandable manner to the potential participants
so that they can make an informed decision
on whether to accept or decline to participate
When a potential participant agrees to join the study
they are required to provide written informed consent
Only after this initial step will data be collected to assess the eligibility of participants
Data will be collected from eligible adults in three visits, each one with an expected duration of about 1&#x2009;h. <a href="#fig1">Figure 1</a> summarizes the study design
including the data and samples to be collected at each time point of the observational study
Participants&#x2019; body weight, height, and waist circumference will be measured according to the Portuguese Directorate General of Health guidelines for anthropometric procedures in adults (<a href="#ref49">49</a>). Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) will be calculated and categorized according to the age and sex-specific BMI cut-offs for adults (<a href="#ref50">50</a>)
and whole body will be assessed using the bioimpedance equipment seca mBCA 525 (Bacelar
Peripheral blood samples (15&#x2013;20&#x2009;mL) will be collected from the participants at 08:00&#x2009;a.m.
and aliquoted into EDTA tubes following safety standards
Another blood sample (2.5&#x2009;mL) will be collected from volunteers to PAXgene&#x000AE; Blood RNA Tubes (BD Biosciences)
For the total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
blood samples will be diluted in 25&#x2009;mL of Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) 1 &#x000D7; and added to 50&#x2009;mL falcon tubes with 10&#x2009;mL of Histopaque
Samples will be centrifugated at 20&#x000B0;C to 22&#x000B0;Cand plasma will be immediately aliquoted and stored at &#x02212;80&#x000B0;C
will be aspirated into new 50&#x2009;ml falcon tubes and washed with PBS 1 &#x000D7;
followed by centrifugation at 21&#x000B0;C&#x2013;25&#x000B0;C
Supernatants will be discarded and PBMC aliquots will be stored at &#x02212;80&#x000B0;C until the analysis
PAXgene&#x000AE; Blood RNA tubes will be centrifuged at 20 to 22&#x000B0;C and the supernatant removed
RNase-free water will be added and the samples vortexed until the pellet dissolution
followed by a centrifugation at 20&#x000B0;C to 22&#x000B0;C
the sample vortexed and transferred to a 1.5&#x2009;mL microcentrifuge tube where 40&#x2009;&#x03BC;L of proteinase K will be added
the sample will be transferred to a spin column of the Macherey Nagel RNA extraction kit
according to the manufacturer&#x2019;s instructions
RNA concentration and purity will be determined using a spectrophotometer
Samples will be stored at &#x02212;80&#x000B0;C until the analysis
RNA samples will then be converted into cDNA and the mRNA levels of the clock genes (BMAL1, CLOCK, PER1-3, CRY1-2, CSNK1&#x03B5;, REV-ERB&#x03B1;, REV-ERB&#x03B2;, and DEC1) will be assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Relative gene expression will be calculated according to the &#x0394;CT method (<a href="#ref51">51</a>, <a href="#ref52">52</a>)
and interleukin-6 will be quantified using ELISA kits
Glucose will be assessed using the hexokinase method with a commercial kit
Participants will register in the NutriClock mobile application, specifically designed for this observational study by a multidisciplinary team, including computer engineers, nutritionists, physiologists, and psychologists (<a href="#ref53">53</a>)
The NutriClock mobile application and backoffice were designed and developed to comply with ethical standards and the General Data Protection Regulation
The research team and authorized healthcare professionals will have access to the information that each participant introduces in the mobile application via the backoffice platform
The clinical history information may be entered voluntarily by the participant when creating the account
Participants can also add or edit information in their profile after they are registered
Healthcare professionals can also complete the information about the participant in the NutriClock backoffice
The information that will be collected includes sociodemographic data
Dietary intake will be assessed using two methodologies: a 3-day food diary included in the NutriClock app (<a href="#ref53">53</a>) and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)
To ensure equal access and opportunity to participate in the research study
participants can opt to complete the 3-day food diary in the traditional pen-and-paper format
The participants will start filling out the 3-day food diary on the day of their visit to the research center to collect biological samples (Visit 2, <a href="#fig1">Figure 1</a>)
and dietary supplements consumed during the 3&#x2009;days should be registered
Participants will also be required to register the meal time and type (breakfast
Food portions will be estimated using either a photographic method (participants can take a picture of their meal through the mobile application)
and/or default mean portions where the participants cannot quantify a specific food item
The data collected with the FFQ will be mainly used to perform a global characterization of the participants&#x2019; dietary intake in the previous 12&#x2009;months
The data collected using the 3-day food diary will be used to correlate dietary intake and circadian biomarkers
To complete the participant&#x2019;s characterization and data
a set of validated questionnaires and instruments will be used
Statistical analysis will be performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software version 28.0.1
United Kingdom) and GraphPad Prism version 8 (GraphPad Software
Continuous variables will be presented as the mean&#x2009;&#x000B1;&#x2009;standard deviation (SD)
Categorical variables will be presented in frequency and percentage
The normality of continuous variables will be tested using the Shapiro&#x2013;Wilk test if n&#x2009;&#x0003C;&#x2009;50 or the Kolmogorov&#x2013;Smirnov test if n&#x2009;&#x02265;&#x2009;50
Parametric tests (Independent Sample t-test) will be used to compare the differences between the study and the control groups if the data has a normal distribution
non-parametric tests (Mann&#x2013;Whitney U-tests) will be performed
According to the normality or non-normality of data distribution
Spearman&#x2019;s rank-order correlation (&#x03C1;) or Pearson&#x2019;s correlation coefficient (r) will be performed to calculate and assess the strength of correlations between the study variables
Statistical significance will be set at p&#x2009;&#x0003C;&#x2009;0.05
there have been breakthroughs in obesity care and treatment
there is a major remaining challenge: improving the understanding of the heterogeneity of obesity
This knowledge is essential to determine the best approaches to screen
and select personalized and individualized treatments
The findings of this study will provide a better understanding of obesity phenotypes in regard to their chronotype
dietary intake (including meal time and nutrient intake)
Circadian oscillations of gene expression also regulate whole-body metabolism (<a href="#ref72">72</a>). For example, Gaspar et al. showed that patients with obstructive sleep apnea, which is strongly related to obesity (<a href="#ref73">73</a>, <a href="#ref74">74</a>), have different patterns of clock gene expression compared with healthy individuals (<a href="#ref51">51</a>)
further highlighting the importance of assessing the circadian features in disease
there is the potential to improve metabolic homeostasis by coordinating behavioral changes with the body&#x2019;s daily rhythm
The identification of genetic patterns and signatures in response to dietary intake may guide the advance of new therapeutic approaches
Designing dietary interventions that account for the quality
quantity and timing of food intake could be an approach to modulate the circadian rhythm and clock-controlled genes and optimize the synchronization of central and peripheral clocks
with a positive impact on overall metabolism
the characterization of circadian and dietary makers is a critical first step to underpin therapeutic strategies and to support the adjustment of chrononutritional approaches for the management of chronic diseases such as obesity
and meal times (time of the first meal of the day
time of last meal of the day and overnight fasting period) will be evaluated
in order to assess the impact of dietary intake (timing and nutrients) on circadian rhythm markers
To minimize the number of visits by participants to the study center, and to attempt to increase study adherence, the food diary, sleep diary, and physical exercise registry will be filled out through the mobile application NutriClock. Previous studies have shown increased satisfaction and preference for mobile applications for reporting dietary intake, compared with conventional methods (<a href="#ref80">80</a>)
which is a particularly important observation supporting the methodology of our study
as the data is collected through the NutriClock mobile application
it is immediately available to the researchers
preventing the participant from having to go to the study center to deliver the forms in paper format
if data is not being inputted into the mobile application
the participants receive notifications with reminders of the importance of the diaries
the researcher is also able to detect immediately
if the participants are not collecting data and can contact them
The records inserted by participants are evaluated on a daily basis
and the system assigns one of four color levels to each component completed
This evaluation is based on two criteria: the time elapsed since the start of registration and the number of registrations made
If the number of registrations exceeds 75% of the total days
while an orange tab indicates a number between 25% and 50%
A red tab is assigned if the number of registrations is less than 25%
This protocol is based on outpatient recruitment and collection of blood samples at two different time points during the day for outpatient volunteers carries a significant risk of increasing attrition of the study
To mitigate the risk of misinterpreting the data on circadian rhythm based on two-time point serum biomarkers and clock gene assessment
the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire were added to the protocol to broaden the information obtained by serological analysis
this study will characterize and compare circadian rhythm biomarkers of healthy individuals and people with obesity
associating this information with dietary intake
The results of this study might provide new evidence to develop more targeted and personalized interventions for nutritionists
for the treatment and prevention of obesity and its associated complications
This is a research project that falls under the scope of Portuguese Law no
21/2014 April 16 that covers all research with humans
This study will be carried out on adults over the age of 18&#x2009;years
Adults who are unable to provide their informed consent will not be included in the study
The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Centre&#x2019;s Regional Health Administration (ARS Centro) on 29th January 2021 (Proc no
The research will be carried out in strict compliance with the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration and obeying international
including the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)
and clear informed consent will be strictly respected
The researcher will assure that the informed consent document will be available to the volunteers before starting any procedure of the study
The recruitment will be gender-independent to minimize gender bias
Biological samples will be protected by the principle of non-commercialization
and the principle of the non-susceptibility of patenting human genetic heritage
The samples will be used exclusively to support this research initiative and will be destroyed immediately after use
The participants will not be identified by any of their data
to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the collected data
a unique ID number will be assigned to each participant
Only the Principal Investigator will have access to the list with the match between the participant&#x2019;s ID and their data
with restricted access to its content and secured with a password
preventing confidential information from being accessed
Personal data collected in the context of this study
and kept after the conclusion of this study
Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time
Participants will be assured that if they wish to withdraw from the study
Except if the participant indicates otherwise
any data collected up to the point of withdrawing consent will be included in the final analysis
The results will be disseminated in group data
and individual results that might identify the participant will never be shown to the public
The results and deliverables of this research project will be available in academic health-related publications and through presentations in international scientific meetings
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material
further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Centre&#x2019;s Regional Health Administration
The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study
and contributed to the manuscript by revising it critically for intellectual content
ML wrote the first draft of the manuscript
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
This work was supported by Portuguese national funds provided by FCT&#x2014;Funda&#x000E7;&#x000E3;o para a Ci&#x000EA;ncia e Tecnologia
by the Portuguese Society of Diabetology through the award of the 2020 Em&#x000ED;lio Peres Scholarship
and by the Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto and LabbITR (LA/P/0064/2020)
ML was supported by a PhD Scholarship from Funda&#x000E7;&#x000E3;o para a Ci&#x000EA;ncia e Tecnologia (2021.07673.BD)
MG was funded by national funds through FCT&#x2014;Funda&#x000E7;&#x000E3;o para a Ci&#x000EA;ncia e a Tecnologia
under the Scientific Employment Stimulus&#x2014;Institutional Call&#x2014;CEECINST/00051/2018
The authors acknowledge and express their gratitude to the health institutions for granting permission to the research team to conduct this work
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Received: 30 December 2022; Accepted: 16 March 2023; Published: 11 April 2023
Copyright &#x000A9; 2023 Lages, Barros, Carmo-Silva and Guarino. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
&#x0002A;Correspondence: Maria P. Guarino, <a id="encmail">bWFyaWEuZ3Vhcmlub0BpcGxlaXJpYS5wdA==</a>
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Louis County man is accused of being intoxicated when he led police on a pursuit through Mankato
with the ensuing crash resulting in severe injuries to a passenger
was charged with felonies for fleeing police and criminal vehicular operation causing substantial bodily harm and a misdemeanor for DWI in Blue Earth County District Court
A criminal complaint states a Mankato police officer pulled over Lages for having a broken headlight and no license plates on his vehicle
The officer reportedly learned Lages was a suspect in a missing person alert and a registered sex offender alert
Lages is on the sex offender registry in Missouri for possession of child pornography
a woman got out of a rear passenger seat and told the officer she was having a panic attack
Lages then drove off with another woman in the front passenger seat
leading officers on a 1.8-mile pursuit through Mankato streets
An officer found the vehicle overturned in the front yard of a residence and found Lages and the passenger in another location
The woman who exited the vehicle before the chase told police that she
Lages and the other passenger were smoking THC cartridges prior to the initial traffic stop
reportedly said she took a shot with Lages before the traffic stop but didn't know he'd used marijuana
Lages reportedly told medical personnel he'd consumed alcohol and used marijuana
Officers took a sample of his blood for testing
Louis through the Post-Dispatch photographers' lenses
Louis County house turned from a polite inquiry to gunfire
Police have made no arrests but believe the shot that killed the boy came from his friends — not from the homeowner
A jury convicted Demesha Coleman of first-degree involuntary manslaughter and armed criminal action in the shooting death of a 19-year-old
who lived in the Wildwood house until it was condemned
Katarina O'Reilly filed the suit Wednesday on behalf of her minor son
who she said suffered second-degree burns when the coffee spilled onto &hellip;
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who earned his master’s degree in geology from Highlands
stands in front of the Benbow lava lake at the Ambrym volcano in the Republic of Vanuatu in the South Pacific Ocean
– João Lages earned his master’s degree in geology from New Mexico Highlands University and is now pursuing postdoctoral studies in geology with a focus on monitoring the hazards of active volcanoes
in volcanology and geochemistry in the Department of Earth and Marine Sciences at the University of Palermo in Italy
He said he grew up fascinated with volcanoes and their ability to completely transform landscapes in the blink of an eye
“My postdoctoral studies focus on information that can contribute decisively to our ability to monitor transitions between different phases of active volcanoes,” Lages said
“As well as volcano-monitoring applications
our research methods also offer valuable insights into magma and gases in volcanic settings.”
Lages has his sights set on an academic career involving teaching volcanology-related subjects as well as continuing his research
“To me it is very important that my work has impact in positive ways
Volcanoes are a very serious hazard worldwide and it is crucial that we communicate our science effectively with communities directly affected by them
I hope to have the chance to continue to increase awareness of volcanic hazards,” Lages said
came to Highlands as an international exchange student through Highlands’ geology partnership with l&#8217;Université Blaise Pascal in France
His graduate adviser at Highlands was geology professor Michael Petronis and his adviser at Blaise Pascal was Benjamin van Wyk DeVries
“João came to Highlands with very strong background in geochemistry and easily adapted to the geophysics focus of his studies here,” Petronis said
“One of João’s strengths is his ability and motivation for self-study learning of new material
Petronis said he is confident Lages will contribute greatly to the fields of volcanology and the geosciences
Lages said the graduate geology program at Highlands stands out as a program that provides its students with the freedom to invest their time developing research projects they are passionate about
“My thesis at Highlands aimed at reconstructing the eruptive growth of monogenetic volcanoes
a type of volcano formed through a single episode of volcanic activity,” Lages said
“My study areas focused on the inactive Lemptégy volcano in Auvergne
and the inactive Cerros del Rio volcanic field on the western edge of Santa Fe
Lages said developing and advancing his own research at Highlands gave him crucial skills going into his Ph.D
Lages said Michael Petronis’ influence was invaluable
Petronis’ enthusiasm and knowledge on the subject of volcanology made my journey as an exchange student easier and more enjoyable
Petronis was always very supportive,” Lages said
Lages said he was also fortunate to work with Highlands geology professor Jennifer Lindline
Lindline’s skills as a mineralogist-petrologist complemented my research project tremendously
Lages said he benefited a great deal from the environmental geology program at Highlands
“The multidisciplinary view on geology and environment-related topics certainly helped me become a better scientist,” Lages said
Lages said he also grew outside the classroom and laboratory at Highlands
“The cultural exchange as an international student at Highlands is something you carry your entire life and certainly one of the highest rewards of studying abroad,” Lages said
<a href="https://www.nmhu.edu/university-relations/contact-highlands/"> Contact NMHU</a><a href="https://www.nmhu.edu/faculty-staff-directory/">Faculty and Staff Directory</a><a href="https://nmhu.peopleadmin.com/">Faculty and Staff Openings</a><a href="https://www.nmhu.edu/nmhu-administration/">NMHU Administrative Offices</a><a href="https://www.nmhu.edu/financial-aid/work-study/">Student Jobs</a><a href="https://www.nmhu.edu/university-relations/">University Relations</a>
LAS VEGAS (KSNV) — A wildfire burning in northeastern Nevada that has grown to approximately 1,100 acres is 10 percent contained as of Monday
The North Creek Fire was first reported around 4:25 p.m
The fire is burning in steep and rugged terrain
and there is a potential threat to private property
MORE ON NEWS 3 |<a href="https://news3lv.com/news/local/motorcyclist-dies-due-to-heat-exposure-traveling-through-death-valley-national-park" target="_blank" title="https://news3lv.com/news/local/motorcyclist-dies-due-to-heat-exposure-traveling-through-death-valley-national-park" class="themeColorForLinks">Motorcyclist dies from heat exposure while traveling through Death Valley National Park</a>
Crews with theBLM Elko, Ely, and Southern Nevada districts are responding. They are also receiving help fromthe Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Ely Ranger District, Nevada Division of Forestry, and private contractors.
The BLM says it expects record-breaking temperatures and low relative humidity for the next few days, which will make for very high fire danger levels.
People are urged to avoid North Spring Valley Road for the next several days.
BLM anticipatesfull containment by Sunday evening, July 14.
Volume 5 - 2018 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fict.2018.00015">https://doi.org/10.3389/fict.2018.00015</a>
Physical walking is consistently considered a natural and intuitive way to acquire viewpoints in a virtual environment
research findings also show that walking requires cognitive resources
To understand how this tradeoff affects the interaction design for virtual environments; we evaluated the performance of 32 participants
Participants wearing a virtual reality (VR) headset counted features in a complex 3D structure while walking or while using a 3D interaction technique for manipulation
Our results indicate that the relative performance of the interfaces depends on the spatial ability and game experience of the participants
Participants with previous game experience but low spatial ability performed better using the manipulation technique
walking enabled higher performance for participants with low spatial ability and without significant game experience
These findings suggest that the optimal design choices for demanding visual tasks in VR should consider both controller experience and the spatial ability of the target users
Although it seems effortless, it is known that walking requires attentional resources (<a href="#B25">Lajoie et al., 1993</a>; <a href="#B51">Yogev-Seligmann et al., 2008</a>). Moving in space also interferes with tasks such as multiple-object tracking in VR and in the real world (<a href="#B46">Thomas and Seiffert, 2010</a>). Even maintaining body posture can be costly enough to impact performance in memory tasks (<a href="#B37">Pellecchia, 2003</a>; <a href="#B40">Riley et al., 2012</a>)
In VR, walking is considered the most natural technique for traveling from one point to another (<a href="#B26">LaViola et al., 2017</a>). However, in many applications, traveling also supports a different primary task, such as finding a correlation between disparate datasets (<a href="#B11">Donalek et al., 2014</a>) or building a neurosurgery plan around interweaving blood vessels (<a href="#B21">Kersten-Oertel et al., 2014</a>)
limiting the resources available to the user
it may not always be the best interaction choice
A deeper understanding of the issues involved in walking-based interactions can guide designers in the selection between possible alternative techniques
we contribute to a better understanding of the tradeoffs between walking and using controller-based interfaces in VR
While previous work exists regarding the benefits of walking in 3D navigation and also in the use of large 2D displays
little is known about its effect in visually demanding 3D tasks
This category of tasks requires users to understand complex spatial structures
and bears high relevance to scientific visualization and visual analytics in VR
we conducted a study to compare the accuracy of participants in two possible scenarios for an immersive visualization application: walking around the dataset vs
using a 3D interaction technique to manipulate it
Our results indicate that neither technique consistently outperforms the other
relative performance can be predicted by individual differences in spatial ability and game experience
the contributions of this paper consist of (i) our report on a study directly comparing walking and 3D interaction for a visual analysis task
(ii) a model for user accuracy including game experience and spatial ability
and (iii) our discussion of the implications of these findings in VR interface design
Since a more extensive discussion would fall away from the focus of this text
we refer the interested reader to the meta-studies mentioned above
An important question, though, is whether walking can also produce benefits for tasks that do not directly involve navigation. <a href="#B39">R&#x000E4;dle et al. (2013)</a> compared the effect of egocentric body movements in a task involving visual search
The study asked 24 participants to find corresponding pairs among back facing cards by moving toward one card at a time to reveal symbols in them
The authors compared spatial memory and completion time in two conditions: sitting at a desk and moving in front of the display wall with a tablet
They found that walking decreased the task completion time by 34% and found no difference in spatial memory right after the experiment
they did find an improvement in spatial memory for the walking condition
The results seem to indicate that physical locomotion helped in the recall of item location
<a href="#B29">Liu et al. (2014)</a> studied the effect of physical navigation on a classification task
The task required participants to sort labeled disks into different containers on a display
12 participants performed the task by walking along a large display wall and then using a pan-and-zoom navigation technique with a mouse and standard monitor
they found that physical walking was faster for both easy and hard tasks with small labels
The opposite was true for easy and hard tasks with large labels
the authors point out that task difficulty changed the average distance between items and containers
it is hard to isolate the effect of walking
Later, <a href="#B18">Jakobsen and Hornb&#x000E6;k (2015)</a> repeated the classification task conducted by Liu et al
but this time using the same hardware platform for both conditions
they labeled the disks and containers on the display wall and asked participants to sort them by labels
participants could move freely in front of the display
participants were contained in a predefined area of 40 cm in front of the display and used a gyroscopic mouse to pan and zoom
The authors did find that although participants (n = 10) were equally fast in tasks which did not require navigation
they were 15% slower when virtual navigation was necessary to read the labels
In both this and the original study by Liu et al.
The completion time reflects a mixture of the time spent on search
so that results do depend on how fast participants use the interface
<a href="#B7">B&#x000FC;schel et al. (2017)</a> evaluated user strategies in 3D data visualization using a tablet in two conditions: (a) with the view spatially mapped to the device position and
(b) using the touch surface to control an orbiting camera
They found that participants (n = 18) adopted similar strategies in both conditions by moving the camera to appropriate viewpoints
Participants deemed spatial interaction better in terms of subjective feeling of camera control
ability to accomplish the tasks and mental demand
There were no significant differences in error rates and the touch interface was faster for navigation tasks
the three tasks employed required little cognitive effort
Cognition studies in the real world have revealed that vision has a deep connection to motor control and spatial processing. <a href="#B20">Kerr et al. (1985)</a> report an experiment where spatial memory tasks were disrupted just by asking participants to maintain a difficult standing posture
Participants were asked to perform a memory task while sitting or while standing with the heel of the front foot directly ahead the toes of the back foot
Half of the participants were assigned to spatial memory tasks
while the other half performed non-spatial memory tasks
The authors found that the concurrent balance requirement reduced recall for spatial tasks but not for the non-spatial tasks
<a href="#B46">Thomas and Seiffert (2010)</a> studied the effect of self-motion in multiple-object tracking
The task required participants to visually track one or three moving balls in a virtual environment
The authors found that performance was impaired whenever participants moved in space
The effect was present even when participants were moved passively in a wheelchair
Although self-motion interfered with object tracking
no interference was found when participants performed a difficult non-spatial tracking task
They conclude that self-motion uses cognitive resources that could otherwise be allocated to the visual tracking task
the literature indicates that walking can be beneficial in search and classification tasks on 2D displays
It also seems to agree that walking can benefit tasks involving spatial abilities such as 3D spatial perception and navigation
An open question is whether these effects can also be observed in other types of tasks
while some studies have investigated and quantified the interference caused by physical locomotion on other tasks
they have not examined the performance tradeoffs involving the use of walking as an interaction technique
The role of spatial ability and user experience also needs further study
We were intrigued by the trade-offs between the benefits of walking and the cognitive load induced by walking found in prior studies
An earlier unpublished study run in our lab had also suggested that the choice of walking vs
manipulating a scientific dataset during visual analysis may have impacted users&#x00027; ability to spatially analyse the data
we decided to study how the design choice between walking and manipulation affects the performance in a 3D visualization task
we decided to investigate the role of individual differences in the results
To investigate the possible tradeoffs of walking
we directly compared the performance of participants in two conditions
walking was the only way to see different parts of the dataset; in the Non-walking condition
participants would stand still and obtain different views by using a 3D tracked controller to manipulate the dataset
we selected a visualization task that required participants to analyze complex tridimensional models
We were inspired by scientists and practitioners that study 3D datasets derived from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of biological structures
The models consisted of a central spherical shape surrounded by tubular branches; a structure similar to one commonly found in the respiratory system of beetles
The task consisted of verbally reporting if a given model had a specific number of branches connected to the central spherical surface
we designed a procedural method to generate different versions of the dataset given parameters such as total number of branches
we could ensure that: (1) there was no ambiguity in the model that would require domain expertise; (2) there was no noise resulting from imperfect segmentation of the original volumetric data; and (3) that we could easily generate datasets with different levels of difficulty
we generated two different groups of datasets: datasets in the Simple group had 16 branches
Datasets in the Complex group had 30 branches
or 13 could be connected to the central sphere
participants were asked if the model had 5 connected branches or not
they were asked if the model had 12 connected branches or not
Each group contained an equal number of datasets whose correct answers were yes and no
The extra (non-connected) branches in each model ensured that participants would need to change the point of view to avoid occlusion. Branch connections were made in the last step of the generation process so that that the number of connections did not change the overall look of the datasets. The synthetic model structure was evaluated by a domain expert to ensure that the model presented similar topology and challenges as the real one. Figure <a href="#F1">1</a> shows an example of each type
Examples of datasets from the Complex (Left) and Simple (Right) groups
The final parameters of each dataset were found by trial and error. For the Simple dataset, the goal was to make sure that the task could not be solved by subtizing<a id="note1a"></a><a class="footnoteanchor" href="#note1">1</a> and yet did not present a very hard challenge
we ensured that models were difficult enough to be cognitively bounded (i.e.
that the time needed to answer the question correctly depended on cognitive limits rather than perceptual or motor performance)
results would not depend on how fast one could walk around or rotate the dataset
The experiments were conducted in a closed room
We used a consumer version HTC Vive head-mounted display (HMD) and the bundled controller
which were adjusted to a typical interpupillary distance (IPD) of 67 mm (we did not adjust the IPD individually for each participant due to mechanical problems with the HMD)
Each screen has a resolution of 1080 &#x000D7; 1200 pixels
The horizontal field of view is 110 degrees
The HMD and controller were tracked with six degrees-of-freedom by the hybrid inertial-optical Lighthouse system
the HMD was driven in both conditions by an MSI VR One backpack running Windows 10
The backpack is an integrated PC with an Intel quad-core processor
16Gb of RAM and an nVidia GTX 1060 graphics card
Participants used the trigger button on the controller to switch between datasets and the touchpad button to grab the dataset for manipulation (grabbing was disabled during the walking condition)
The software was written in Unity3D and used the SteamVR plugin
The experimenter observed the participants and monitored task execution using a remote desktop access software (TeamViewer)
If participants moved their heads outside this area
the dataset disappeared rapidly to prevent them from obtaining extra information
Participants in the Non-walking condition were asked to choose their preferred distance inside the same area
Note that head tracking was still enabled in the Non-walking condition
but participants were asked to stand in one location
The models appeared in the center of the red area
participants could move freely inside the green area
The dataset would disappear if users moved outside this area
the experimental environment only showed the limits of the tracking area and a blue/brown skybox
the model had diffuse and direct lighting with self-shadows
The time/accuracy tradeoff is common in many experimental designs
it makes analysis and interpretation potentially complex
To avoid this tradeoff (so that our results would not be biased by individual preferences)
Participants were asked to achieve a pre-determined number of correct answers (3 in the first experiment and 4 in the second experiment)
and we measured the time they took to achieve this goal
a participant that was extra careful and spent more time per task would not be penalized when compared to another that was not as careful
This is similar to the metric used in many psychometric tests
and it was not necessary to negatively weight the wrong answers (since we considered the total time spent)
Participants used a button on the handheld controller to control the pace of the experiment
The first press would make the dataset appear (and start the timer) and a second press would make it disappear (consequently stopping the timer)
We ran a pilot study to select a Non-walking technique with good performance to compare with walking
We evaluated two techniques: Rotate and Grab (we also had a Walking condition in this study
but its purpose was only to pilot the procedure for this condition; we do not consider it further in this section)
The Rotate technique followed a manipulation metaphor
Participants could rotate the dataset by using the tracked controller as a tangible proxy for the dataset
The controller orientation was mapped to dataset orientation
allowing direct and integral control of all 3 rotational degrees of freedom
The dataset position was fixed in the center of the environment
so participants were free to hold the controller in a comfortable position
We expected that this technique would allow participants to complement the visual information with motor and kinesthetic information from the controller orientation
The Grab technique used a direct manipulation metaphor
Participants could use the controller to directly grab and rotate the dataset around its center
the dataset position was fixed in the center of the environment and only rotated around its center
participants could reach to any point in space (not only the points with branches) and grab the dataset by pressing the trigger button
The dataset would then follow the angular rotation of the hand around the center of the model while the button was pressed
the dataset would stay at the new orientation
Grab allowed an integral control of all 3 rotational degrees of freedom
Our hypothesis was that Rotate technique would offer better performance than Grab since it was more intuitive, did not require clutching and supported precision two-handed manipulation. An earlier study by <a href="#B16">Hinckley et al. (1997)</a> supported this hypothesis; where they found that directly rotating an object via a tracked proxy was superior to a mouse-based Virtual Sphere manipulation technique
We recruited 12 university students (9 females) from 19 to 32 (M = 24.17
All the participants were screened for stereo blindness using a random dot stereogram and had corrected or normal vision
Only four participants had used VR more than twice
The experiment was approved by the Virginia Tech Institutional Review Board and all participants gave written informed consent
Prior to the study participants were asked to fill out a background questionnaire containing questions about age
they were instructed about the experimental procedure
and experimental environment (including the physical area where the experiment took place)
The experimenter then helped the participants to wear the backpack and headset
They were then asked to walk around the experiment area
the experimenter would ask participants to look straight ahead and would use the height of the head
to adjust the height where the models would appear
This ensured that the connection points on the top of the models were always visible and below eye level
the experimenter ran a few practice trials until participants reported being confident with the techniques
and demonstrated to correctly understand the procedure
participants were given the opportunity to stop and rest for a few minutes
the participants were asked to choose a spot within the 0.9 m green band around the center and to stand at that location for the entire set of trials
participants were asked to obtain three correct responses with Simple datasets and three correct responses with Complex datasets
but asked participants to be as accurate and fast as possible
The presentation order of the two techniques was counterbalanced
they answered a post-experiment questionnaire
asking about their experience with the techniques and preferences
participants using the Rotate technique took longer to complete the task with Complex datasets (M = 580s
SD = 289) than those using the controller with the Grab technique the (M = 360s
the difference was significant for the Complex dataset (V = 68
Eleven participants rated the Grab technique as being &#x0201C;easy,&#x0201D; while eight said the same for the Rotate technique
Most participants deemed the Grab technique to be more accurate and the Rotate technique faster
We noticed that most successful strategies consisted of scanning trajectories that lay on the surface of a sphere
The Grab technique allows users to directly &#x0201C;draw&#x0201D; those trajectories
it provides a better mapping than controlling a surface point based on rotation
since the one-to-one mapping in Rotate transforms small angular errors into larger displacements (proportional to the radius of the dataset)
Grab allows &#x0201C;parking&#x0201D; when the biomechanical limits of the hand are reached
Using the latter required participants to keep their hands steady while investigating the dataset
we decided to use the Grab technique in the Non-walking condition of our main experiment
We ran a within-subjects design comparing walking and Non-walking conditions
We used the same dataset and tasks used in the pilot study (section Dataset and task)
In this condition, the dataset was fixed in the center of the environment, requiring participants to walk around the dataset to obtain the desired viewpoints. However, the dataset was only visible within a green area defined on floor (Figure <a href="#F2">2</a>)
preventing participants from walking inside the dataset or moving too far away
The controller was only used to move from one trial to the next
the participant would stand still at a chosen spot within the green area and use the controller to rotate the dataset
since it produced higher performance than the Rotate technique in pilot study
participants could reach any point in space (not only the points with branches) and grab the dataset by pressing the trigger button
The dataset would then follow the angular rotation of the hand around the center of the model
we measured the performance for both simple and complex models
We also made sure that both conditions could be easily completed with the simple models
participants needed to view the dataset from different sides
some viewpoints could only be obtained in the Non-walking condition (e.g.
We attempted to minimize this disadvantage by adjusting the height of the model based on the height of each participant
so that all connection points could be seen
We hypothesized that participants in the Walking condition would outperform those in the Non-walking condition
We also expected that users with high spatial ability and more experience with games would perform the task more quickly
both tests involve measuring factors related to the capacity of the visual short term memory (STM)
the VZ-2 also captures aspects of the central executive involved in performing serial operations
Since one of the conditions required the use of a handheld input device, prior experience could also be relevant. Previous research indicates that game players have a variety of skills such as higher efficiency when switching between tasks (<a href="#B44">Shawn Green et al., 2012</a>), enhanced attention (<a href="#B12">Dye et al., 2009</a>), better memory (<a href="#B5">Boot et al., 2008</a>), and better coordination (<a href="#B15">Griffith et al., 1983</a>)
Prior game experience was self-reported in the background questionnaire
Participants were asked to rate their experience on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (Never) to 7 (Everyday) to the question: &#x0201C;How often do you play videogames (on computers or consoles like Xbox
both the visualization score and the game experience variable would capture a large part of the individual differences important for our task
possible differences in spatial ability due to gender
and also indirect aspects of playing video game like improved attention and coordination
to reduce the error variance associated with individual differences not accounted by those covariates
The presentation order was counterbalanced to prevent carry-over effects
Five participants were not able to complete the tasks in both conditions in the allotted time and were excluded
The remaining participants&#x00027; ages ranged from 18 to 44 (M = 26.22
Two-thirds had limited experience with VR (fewer than three prior experiences)
participants were asked to complete the Paper Folding Test (ETS-VZ2)
and a background questionnaire with demographic information (age
computer experience) and a specific question about gaming experience
we also briefed the participants on common ways to deal with the complexity of the dataset
They were: looking for useful reference points to start and stop counting
participants were asked to obtain 4 correct responses with Simple datasets and 4 correct responses with Complex datasets
Participants were instructed to press the trigger button to stop the timer before answering
To avoid extending the experiment for too long
they were told there would be a time limit to complete the task: 5 min for the simple datasets and 15 min for the complex ones
The experimenter then helped the participants to wear the backpack and the headset
They were asked to walk around the experiment area to familiarize themselves with the space
This ensured that the connection points on the top of the models were always below eye level
Before each condition the experimenter ran at least two trials with each dataset and checked if the participants understood the task and techniques
If they had not demonstrated a correct understanding of the procedure
one or two examples were used for training
The goal of the training was to ensure participants understood the task and were comfortable with the technology
It also helped to level out the participants prior to the beginning of the measured tasks
This suggested that our sample was composed of subpopulations for which the relative performance in each condition varied
A within-subjects ANOVA for the two conditions
did not reveal a significant difference between the overall means of the Walking and Non-walking conditions for each dataset
Mean times and standard deviations for the main experiment
Task completion time for each participant in the two conditions for Simple (Left) and Complex (Right) datasets
Following our initial hypothesis, we looked into whether prior experience and spatial ability were confounding the effect of the experimental conditions. Figure <a href="#F4">4</a> shows four subsets of the original data for the complex dataset
separated according to whether participants had values higher or lower than the mean in game experience and in the spatial visualization test score (VZ-2)
Participants grouped according to high (H) and low (L) scores in game experience (GX) and spatial ability (AB)
Dashed lines indicate the mean tendency in the group
Number of participants distributed according to the mean values of spatial ability and game experience (number of females in parenthesis)
Our model included main effects and interactions for model complexity, game experience, and spatial ability. We checked for multicollinearity in the model by computing variance inflation factors (VIF) with the package olsrr (all factors were below 1.2). We selected the VZ-2 score as a measure of spatial ability, since it was applied in full and provided slightly higher explanatory power. The score was centralized in the median (Table <a href="#T3">3</a>)
Results of the cognitive factors tests: VZ-2 Spatial Visualization Test
Of particular interest are the interactions between spatial ability and game experience
Significant effects of the regression model for the time difference between the two conditions
Significant effects of the regression model for walking time
Points above zero indicate that the Grab technique is faster
while points below indicate that Walking was faster
Time Difference Between Walking and Non-walking Conditions
Participants with low spatial ability and game experience performed better walking
Participants with low spatial ability and high game experience performed better with the controller
Users with high spatial ability tend to perform equally on both
the difference gets smaller with the increase in spatial ability
For participants with high game experience
the opposite is true: grabbing is advantageous for users with low spatial ability
but the difference reduces with increase in spatial ability
participants with high spatial ability performed approximately the same with both techniques
Looking at the absolute time model, we see that time spent during the walking condition increases with complexity (Table <a href="#T5">5</a>, effects 2 and 3). However, spatial ability decreases the mean time spent walking by 27 s for each additional point. The total effect is counterbalanced by game experience which lessens the impact of spatial ability. The different resulting slopes are shown in Figure <a href="#F6">6</a>
Spatial ability improved the time of all participants
When asked to choose between the two conditions
We also asked participants if they thought walking helped or interfered with the task
Approximately 80% stated that walking was helpful
When we compared their preference with the performance in both conditions we found that in only 61% of the cases did the condition with the highest performance match their preferences
We also asked participants to rate the two conditions regarding speed
comfort and on how easy it was to obtain the desired viewpoints
There was no clear preference among the participants regarding any of those characteristics
we directly compared the performance of walking and Non-walking techniques in a complex visual analysis task
1- The relative performance of interfaces based on walking and manipulation depend on individual differences
We found that the differences between Walking and Non-walking conditions can be very large (up to 40%) and that they can be explained by specific combinations of spatial ability and game experience
looking at the behavior of specific groups of users instead of the whole population might give a more accurate picture of interface usability
2- Walking provides significant performance advantages for users with mid/low game experience
Not everyone is acquainted with input devices or possesses the ability to easily control multiple degrees of freedom
For users who did not report practice with games
interfaces based on walking provided better performance
3- Spatial ability is important to achieve high performance in walking-based interfaces
Spatial ability was positively correlated with faster times in the Walking condition
participants walking and grabbing had similar performance
But for users with low spatial ability and high game experience
the lack of some abilities interferes with both Walking and Non-walking performance
the most important factor is spatial ability
we see individual tradeoffs for each technique
As the participant&#x00027;s relative position changed
it was critical to correctly differentiate whether a specific branch was a new one or the same one slightly rotated
that the ability to unfold the sphere surface
perform serial operations (such as divide the model into sub-areas)
are very similar to the ones measured by the spatial visualization test (VZ-2)
the benefit of higher game experience in the Non-walking condition seems clear: when users need to spend extra effort to operate the interface
they consume mental resources that could have been used to perform the task
in the Rotate technique used in the pilot study
the tangible representation was spatially disjoint from the visual representation
Some participants found that this was not intuitive and that it was harder than manipulating a real object
Participants with more game experience have been trained to operate non-trivial combinations of input devices and interaction techniques
and therefore have more cognitive capacity available for the spatial task
Although we did not discriminate the participants by game genre and playing history
the question seemed to be enough to distinguish between players and non-players
the participants in the &#x0201C;player&#x0201D; group demonstrated superior performance in the Non-walking condition
Our conclusion is that the mechanisms that influence performance in each condition are distinct
even though they work in concert due to the individual capacities available for each type of interaction
That is not to say that they do not interact with each other
but rather that they are qualitatively distinct
The manipulation interface is more difficult to learn
resulting in cognitive resources being divided between the interface and the task
but users with training can largely avoid this cognitive cost
Walking is an interface that almost everyone can use easily
but it still introduces a penalty on spatial resources that results in lower performance by users with low spatial ability
How should designers approach the tradeoffs between walking-based and manipulation-based interfaces
An easy alternative would be to offer both options and let users choose which technique to use
that personal preferences only matched the highest performing technique in 61% of the cases
Carefully characterizing the target user base and considering usage scenarios might be a better option
One way to identify the type of users would be to ask about gaming experience and/or apply spatial ability tests
it may be possible to choose the method that offers higher average performance
or are going to use the interface for a long time
it might not be worthwhile to go to the effort of providing a large tracked space for walking
The decision also depends on the task difficulty
we were careful to separate the problems into light and heavy cognitive load
Although prior work has shown benefits of physical navigation
those experiments did not typically have very high cognitive load
the performance is likely to depend on mobility and dexterity
factors that are less relevant when solving complex problems
The effect of increasing the task complexity is similar to reducing spatial ability: the cost of walking will appear sooner and will be more relevant
The task we studied was relatively straightforward
the difficulty was mainly caused by the need to mentally keep track of the areas already visited in a complex structure
similar requirements are likely to appear with the addition of other concurrent demands
such as dealing with the software interface or crafting more sophisticated reasoning about the data
Most useful applications will require more than counting from one to thirteen
It would be interesting to see how more complex tasks and concurrent demands interact with spatial ability and walking
it is also reasonable to imagine that walking itself can be challenging in some situations
A user performing a similar task at a construction site would have a much lower walking performance
Our study used a reasonably safe environment
We expect that in complex tasks like the examples above
walking performance will be further degraded by the extra overhead on spatial cognitive processing
However further studies are needed to examine this hypothesis
we have investigated only two of many parameters that might affect performance in visually demanding tasks
Although the model including spatial ability and game experience was able to explain much of the variance
more sophisticated models might be able to better predict the actual performance
spatial memory could explain a higher percentage of the performance variation than VZ-2 test score we employed
We could also have included other covariates such as gender and handedness to further reduce variance
additional variables need careful consideration since they would increase the complexity of the model and increase the risk of multicollinearity
our assessment of game experience could be improved by applying more practical tests or by using an improved questionnaire gathering details about the genres of games and playing history
As walking becomes more common in AR an VR interfaces
it is increasingly important to understand the tradeoffs involved in physical locomotion
it is critical to know when it makes sense to choose walking over a more sophisticated interaction technique
we have presented the results of a study evaluating the performance of a complex visual analysis task in two conditions: walking and manipulating
Our analysis revealed that the relative performance on this task is not consistent across individuals and depend on game experience and spatial ability
Our study further shows that walking can enable higher relative performance for users with low spatial ability and low game experience low game experience
users with high game experience can perform better with Non-walking interfaces
We discussed our results in the light of previous findings and argued that optimal design decisions for this tradeoff should consider the role of training and individual differences
This study was approved and carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Virginia Tech Institutional Review Board
All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Immersive Sciences program in the Office of Naval Research and from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
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The role of executive function and attention in gait
Citation: Lages WS and Bowman DA (2018) Move the Object or Move Myself
Manipulation for the Examination of 3D Scientific Data
Received: 17 April 2018; Accepted: 19 June 2018; Published: 10 July 2018
Copyright &#x000A9; 2018 Lages and Bowman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
*Correspondence: Wallace S. Lages, <a id="encmail">d2xhZ2VzQHZ0LmVkdQ==</a>
The Arkansas Racing Commission has appointed longtime racing official and state steward James Lages to the position of state steward for the 2021-2022 Oaklawn live season
who served as state steward the last two Oaklawn meets
&#x201C;We are excited to have James Lages as the state steward of Arkansas,&#x201D; Arkansas Racing Commission chairman Alex Lieblong said
&#x201C;He brings a wealth of experience to the position
including having the insight only a former rider could have
His knowledge will be invaluable as we continue to work with Oaklawn to make Arkansas one of the strongest racing jurisdictions in the country.&#x201D;
Lages is currently serving as state steward at Indiana Grand
He has also held the state steward position at Gulfstream Park
Lages began his career in racing as a multiple-stakes winning jockey and has held various positions as a racing official
He was the Clerk of Scales at Monmouth Park for 11 seasons
it&#x2019;s an honor to be appointed State Steward of Arkansas,&#x201D; Lages said
I&#x2019;ve already had a really warm welcome
I&#x2019;m looking forward to the meet.&#x201D;
Oaklawn has named longtime steward Rick Brasher as association steward for the upcoming live meet
&#x201C;Oaklawn is very happy to have Rick Brasher as our association steward,&#x201D; vice president of racing Jason Milligan said
comes highly recommended and is well-respected by many of our horsemen that have worked with him at other tracks
he brings a lot of valuable knowledge to the stewards&#x2019; stand.&#x201D;
in Louisiana at Evangeline Downs and in Wyoming at Wyoming Downs
He has been an association steward at Fair Grounds
he was a trainer and worked as a starter at Retama
&#x201C;It&#x2019;s just an honor to work at Oaklawn,&#x201D; Brasher said
&#x201C;I&#x2019;m really looking forward to it
I have a lot of fond memories there and I&#x2019;m looking forward to getting back to Hot Springs.&#x201D;
the Into Mischief gelding is Grade 3 winner at Saturday's six-furlong distance
who was a last-out third in the Madison at Keeneland
DAYTONA BEACH — Justin Lages knew as a teen he wanted to be in racing and work on stock cars
The 1994 Seabreeze High School graduate has realized his dream as the transportation director for Front Row Motorsports
which has three NASCAR Sprint Cup Series cars entered in Sunday's Daytona 500
Ragan will start 15th in today's second Budweiser Duel qualifying race
And when the team is scheduled for a long haul
you pitch in wherever you are needed,” Lages said
I'll help drive one of the trucks out to Phoenix next week
We have worked our guts out this winter getting these new stock cars built.”
This week he has enjoyed the creature comforts of home
and most of Lages' oldest friends still call this area home
hanging out and seeing some of our old race buddies
gained experience in the shop helping prep Casey Yunick's Late Model race cars after school
he worked for Troy Flis at the Spirit of Daytona and at BGB Motorsports with John Tecce
“Alan Gustafson told me that if I wanted to work in NASCAR
I had to move to North Carolina,” Lages said
who drove the Spirit of Daytona in a Rolex 24 At Daytona
got Lages an interview with Petty Enterprises Inc
“They offered me a job right away,” Lages said
“We packed up the truck and moved to the Carolinas
“We didn't have anything and had to build everything.”
Being the gas man for a Cup team is tough work
Lages has only seconds to fuel Ragan's car on pit road
“The tire changers keep getting younger and faster
and I keep getting older and slower,” Lages laughed
“I have to make sure the car is completely gassed before they put those tires on
“When I see our car coming down pit road and I'm holding the gas can
every single thing on earth to me is tuned out
The only thing I'm focused on is to get to that car as fast as I can.”
Lages credits the team's second gas can man
“People don't understand how important that exchange is,” Lages said
it's like a center snapping the ball over the quarterback's head
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Brazil — In the backlands of northern Bahia state
nobody ever thought about putting up a fence in the woods
According to the tradition that governs fundo de pasto communities
the Caatinga dry forest belongs to everyone: Everything there
That’s what a fundo de pasto (“back pasture”) precisely is: a shared expanse of native vegetation
where community members collectively tend to their goats
It has always been like that in Lages das Aroeiras
“The Caatinga has died a lot,” says Waldemar Cardoso da Silva
under the shade of one of the rare centuries-old imburana trees (Commiphora leptophloeos) still standing in Lages das Aroeiras
Same story for the baraúnas (Schinopsis brasiliensis)
the quixabeiras (Sideroxylon obtusifolium)
“You have to walk a lot to find one.” All of them are large trees
“the kinds that hover” as Waldemar defines them
with canopies so lush that spotting one house from another was nearly impossible due to the leafy Caatinga of older times
a resident of Lages das Aroeiras since he was born
it’s presumed that what existed before was a living Caatinga — which challenges the prevailing logic that this rugged territory in northeastern Brazil is a hostile land averse to life
Proof to the contrary is that this is the most populous semiarid place in the world
Not to mention the vibrant culture that flourished here
including 548 bird species and 183 mammal species
That is possible because everyone here — plants
animals and humans — has learned to coexist with an adverse climate
where the sun easily evaporates every drop of water running on the ground
plants have developed ways to store water in the dry months
improved their roots to capture maximum moisture from the soil and lost their leaves to avoid transpiration — which
gives the Caatinga the grayish hue that gave it the original Tupi name
If the local human population has been dying of thirst — and hunger — for more than a century, it’s due to what is conventionally called <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264837722004124" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">the “drought industry,”</a> the diversion of federal funds intended for climate impact relief to the construction of wells and reservoirs on the lands of large landowners
universal access to simple but effective water capture
storage and reuse systems (such as cisterns) would be enough to keep everyone alive
And the understanding that the vocation of these backlands
“Cows die, crops end, but the goat always survives,” says José Moacir dos Santos, president of the Regional Institute of Appropriate Small Farming (<a href="https://irpaa.org/modulo/english" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">IRPAA</a>)
a key player in Bahia focused on coexistence with the Caatinga
since the beginning of colonization in the Northeastern backlands (an area called sertão)
all focus was on cattle breeding and its role in providing meat to the cities and mills on the coast: “The goat was there just for the maintenance of the cowboy&#8217;s family
That’s because the Caatinga vegetation itself provides all the food a herd of goats and sheep needs to survive
Especially in the dry months and in rainfed-only areas
where just the most resistant plants — and the animals that feed on them — survive
All destined for meat and leather production — for millions of families
but it’s also common for these herds to roam freely
scattered through the dry forest in search of anything their teeth can reach
That includes low vegetation and the shoots of trees that
in an environment with excessive sunlight and scarce soil
“The recovery of the Caatinga is very slow; it takes 20
“It’s different from the Amazon: Rain hits again
which practically makes any reforestation attempt unfeasible: “At the beginning
we planted a lot of seedlings — about 150,000 plants
which makes regeneration even more difficult.”
the community of Lages das Aroeiras stretched 1.2 miles of wire around 21 hectares (52 acres) of Caatinga with the sole goal of keeping goats and sheep outside
Another 34 communities in northern Bahia did the same
and now there are 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) of fenced woods in the area
That is the core of <a href="https://www.recaatingamento.org.br/" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">Recaatingamento</a> (something like “recaatinguing”)
a project that IRPAA has been developing since 2009: restoring dry forest areas by allowing nature itself to take care of them
“recognizing that the Caatinga is tired and needs to rest.”
IRPAA relied on a common social arrangement in northern Bahia
an ancestral form of collective land management where a group of families share an area of native vegetation for grazing and gathering
“It’s in the fundo de pasto communities that a significant part of the preserved Caatinga is found,” says Vanderlei Leite
coordinator of IRPAA actions in the municipality of Canudos
recorded the presence of 966 self-identified fundo de pasto communities across Bahia
families sign a concession contract with the state government
All the communities involved in the Recaatingamento project are also fundo de pasto
They involve 600 families from 14 municipalities
responsible for mapping the territory and choosing the areas to be “recaatingued.” This includes two strategies: isolating or managing
The isolated area can be a stretch of preserved or degraded vegetation
and it’s up to the community to decide which one to fence
The one in Lages das Aroeiras is a kind of living museum of the Caatinga
full of ancient baraúnas and imburanas whose branches shade gardens of macambiras (a kind of bromeliad) and xique-xiques
so it’s too early to see the results in this slow-paced biome
you notice changes in the landscape,” says Moacir
“The first one is the size of the existing plants.” Free from goats
which drop their seeds on the ground and germinate other plants
which are important for keeping the soil covered and preventing water loss through evaporation
That allows new plants to develop in that environment.”
Every drop counts in the Brazilian dry forests
IRPAA teaches how to carry out actions that enhance rainwater capture
which keep streams running longer when it rains
a groundwater source may be formed,” explains Waldemar
“A lot of organic fertilizer accumulates too
which involves creating several cuts in the ground in a sloping area
Vanderlei lays it out: “The water used to come quickly
it hits a contour line and slows down the speed
Knowing what to do with the goats and sheep that continue to graze in open areas is as important as isolating a portion of dry forest
This is where the other Recaatingamento conservation strategy comes in
the Brazilian official agricultural research center
each goat or sheep needs 1 hectare (2.5 acres) of Caatinga to live well and remain productive
we&#8217;ve been doing the math,” summarizes Vanderlei
This calculation is called “carrying capacity of the area”: how many animals the community has
how big the territory is where they graze and whether there is enough food in that stretch
is then designated for the sustainable use of the Caatinga
with the exact number of animals that the place supports
of a total of 258 hectares (637 acres) declared as fundo de pasto
189 hectares (467 acres) were reserved for management (in addition to the 21 hectares under recovery)
Adding up the 35 Recaatingamento communities in Bahia
there are close to 40,000 hectares (100,000 acres) of Caatinga conserved in these terms
where goats and plants coexist in gentle balance
one not compromising the survival of the other
And what about the goats that don&#8217;t fit in these areas
Since shrinking the herd in the sertão means shrinking the income (often the only source)
there are two options: finding new sources of money or new sources of food for the animals
One practice that the Recaatingamento project encourages is making goats and sheep food fodder from exotic plants
especially prickly pear (Opuntia cochenillifera)
Lages das Aroeiras has had a community Feed House installed close to the management area for 10 years
where the forage that feeds the community&#8217;s approximately 1,800 animals is made
“We grow all the fodder ingredients here: prickly pear
just manure and water,” says José Rodrigues Cardoso
president of the Community and Agropastoral Association of Small Producers of Lages das Aroeiras (ACAPPLAS)
The same forage that feeds the herds and relieves pressure on the Caatinga also serves as food for a select group of goats
living in the corral next to the Feed House
Lages das Aroeiras is now investing in goat&#8217;s milk
In a region with such a large goat population
it would be expected that the production of milk from these animals would be commonplace
but Moacir explains that the goats that now live in the dry forests
descendants of the original ones brought by the Portuguese
had to adapt to the environment and lost the ability to provide quality milk
means bringing in less rugged animals from another place: “The milk goat needs more care
If I let a white goat like that loose in the Caatinga
The milk from the new goats of Lages das Aroeiras now goes to the headquarters of the most relevant agroecological cooperative in the region
the Agricultural and Livestock Cooperative of Canudos
which recently opened a dairy in Uauá to produce goat cheeses and yogurts
It’s also where the umbu (Spondias tuberosa) and licuri (Syagrus coronata) fruits picked in the woods end up to be transformed into the juices
“Recaatingamento encourages other activities that will generate income and make the family not depend 100% on goats roaming in the Caatinga,” says Moacir
it can reduce the herd size without losing income because it has developed other economic activities.”
If this income comes from gathering wild fruits
as keeping the Caatinga standing is the only way this is possible
Lages das Aroeiras even had its own fruit derivatives factory
part of a COOPERCUC initiative to spread small processing units in rural areas
since the impeachment of then-President Dilma Roussef
in which the Brazilian government bought food products from small producers
various communities in the region sell fresh fruit to COOPERCUC&#8217;s central factory
but Lages das Aroeiras decided to switch things up: It revamped the unit to produce umbu and licuri popsicles
The next move is diving into honey production from native Caatinga bees
and Lages das Aroeiras already set up a bee yard right in the middle of the fenced area — unproductive for now
but already with a hive full of mandaçaia bees (Melipona quadrifasciata)
specialists in pollinating umbuzeiros and aroeiras
the Recaatingamento cycle comes full circle: more income at home
It would be easier if the Recaatingamento communities had an element in their favor: time
climate change comes faster and fiercer to a fragile biome like the Caatinga
And it tends to get worse: the “<a href="http://www.pbmc.coppe.ufrj.br/relatorios-pbmc/GT1_sumario_ingles.pdf" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">First National Assessment Report on Climate Change</a>,” a pioneering study on the impacts of global warming in Brazil
predicted an increase of 0.5º Celsius (0.9º Fahrenheit) to 1ºC (1.8ºF) in temperature and a reduction of up to 20% in rainfall by 2040
projections indicated temperatures 4.5ºC (8.1ºF) higher and rainfall reduced by half
the evaporation rate will increase even if more reservoirs are built
Moacir tells what is happening in northern Bahia: “Rain comes in shorter periods
making it even more difficult for plants to survive
and the more resistant ones tend to occupy new areas.”
Indeed: According to IBGE, <a href="https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/9625#resultado" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">294 Caatinga plant species</a> are already under some degree of threat — almost 10% of the total. And a <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/10/99-of-caatinga-biome-could-lose-plant-species-due-to-climate-change-study/" data-wpel-link="internal">study</a> concluded that
99% of the plant communities in the biome will have lost species; that is
a more homogeneous dry forest landscape is expected in the coming years
a year in which 140,000 hectares (346,000 acres) of native vegetation were cut down
Most of this deforestation has been happening in the transition areas with the Cerrado savanna
particularly in the region known as Matopiba
a major front of agricultural expansion between Maranhão
But the Caatinga itself has also been impacted
especially in areas where new irrigation technologies have spurred the commercial production of tropical fruits and castor beans
the Caatinga is inching toward desertification
It&#8217;s a whole life cycle in harmony with the climate
Desertification is soil sterilization and the impossibility of life in that environment
The desert is a natural cause; desertification is a human
It’s an area equivalent to that of Portugal
scattered across patches throughout the biome — the largest chunk is right between southern Pernambuco state and northern Bahia
this community practically tripled the number of houses,” says Moacir
“The young people didn’t leave.” It’s the same trend seen in other Recaatingamento communities
proof that it’s possible to reverse the climate exodus if communities see a reason to stick to the land
“Coexisting with a semiarid climate is a question of concept
We didn&#8217;t foster a culture of thinking about local development because we set our minds on the idea that it&#8217;s no good here
also focus on fixing families to the land — by improving rainwater harvesting methods
encouraging food production and investing in sustainable technologies like biogas production from animal manure
All of this while keeping the Caatinga standing
3,000 families are benefiting from IRPAA projects
Moacir is an optimist, the kind who sees the glass half full: “If 50% of the Caatinga is in a state of degradation, then 50% is in conservation. Much more than the Atlantic Forest, right?” The exact number is <a href="https://brasil.mapbiomas.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/08/MBI-ig-caatinga-8.0-EN-rev-scaled.jpg" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">57.9% of native vegetation</a>
making the Caatinga the third-most preserved biome in Brazil
“The degraded half has two paths: desertification or recovery
If we stop deforestation and start conserving what has already been degraded
The tendency is for plants more adapted to climate change to emerge.”
shaded by the century-old imburana tree in front of Lages das Aroeiras&#8217; Feed House
we can&#8217;t fully restore the Caatinga to what it was.” But that doesn&#8217;t mean he&#8217;s throwing in the towel
Wearing a T-shirt featuring two mandacaru cactuses crowned with the phrase “Defensores da Caatinga” (Caatinga Defenders)
Waldemar concludes: “We have to do something
Banner image: Goat in a communal pasture area
Niemeyer, J., &amp; Vale, M. M. (2022). Obstacles and opportunities for implementing a policy-mix for ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change in Brazil&#8217;s caatinga. Land Use Policy, 122, 106385. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837722004124" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106385</a>
<a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/12/a-brazilian-ngo-restores-widely-degraded-atlantic-forest-amid-mining-threats/" data-wpel-link="internal">A Brazilian NGO restores widely degraded Atlantic Forest amid mining threats</a>
The “fortress conservation” model is under pressure in East Africa, as protected areas become battlegrounds over history, human rights, and global efforts to halt biodiversity loss. Mongabay’s Special Issue goes beyond the region’s world-renowned safaris to examine how rural communities and governments are reckoning with conservation’s colonial origins, and trying to forge a path forward [&hellip;]
Volume 15 - 2024 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1385262">https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1385262</a>
This article is part of the Research TopicTransgender Health: Exploring Diversity in the Endocrine Field<a class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right" aria-label="View all 5 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/33865/transgender-health-exploring-diversity-in-the-endocrine-field/magazine" target="_self" data-event="customLink-linkType-a_viewAll5Articles">View all 5 articles</a>
Editorial on the Research Topic<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/33865/transgender-health-exploring-diversity-in-the-endocrine-field">Transgender health: exploring diversity in the endocrine field</a>
Transgender care represents a growing field of interest for different health professionals
as there is an increasing number of individuals who identify as transgender and gender diverse (TGD) seeking care from multidisciplinary teams around the world
Historically, gender minority stress, as well as financial insecurity, have been associated with significant vulnerability and explain a recurrent delay and avoidance in obtaining access to personalized care for TGD people (<a href="#B1">1</a>)
In addition, the published research exposes some weaknesses, since most of the studies are empirical studies with small sample sizes and suboptimal design, with subsequent low-quality overall evidence (<a href="#B2">2</a>)
This Research Topic focuses on improving access to high-quality clinical research
the exchange of practices between health professionals dedicated to transgender care
as well as an opportunity to reflect on the best strategies for improving care and well-being in a responsible manner
The main aim of this special Research Topic is therefore to explore new insights in the field of transgender health
with the goal of discussing relevant resources and research advances in transgender health practices
the following three papers have been included in the current Research Topic
The first article in this Research Topic (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1086158">Jasuja et&#xa0;al.</a>) focused on the concordance between data from clinical practice and the recommendations of the guidelines on gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) as a quality measure for evaluating available care
The authors report special clinical characteristics of a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) sample
as well as a low rate of complications associated with both feminizing and masculinizing therapy
even among older patients and those with a higher rate of comorbidities
the authors stress the need to improve cancer screening and bone health assessment in the TGD population
particularly in those seeking masculinizing therapy
The progressive importance of precision medicine in the pharmacological approach offered to the TGD population is highlighted in an article by <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1184024">Sehgal</a>
The paper offers a robust narrative review of the pharmacodynamic differences between available drugs and the potential pharmacogenetic influence of currently available pharmacotherapy
Comparative data on hormone therapy in different clinical contexts (dose and posology) also highlight the specificities of the TGD population
may influence the response to estrogen therapy
with a particular clinical impact on bone mineral density during feminizing therapy
although data on the impact of therapeutic response is scarce
The relationship between the morbidities of the transgender population and the quantification of health burden is explored by <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1102348">Hughto et&#xa0;al.</a>
using data from 9,975 transgender individuals
This work reaffirms the disparities in health diagnosis
especially in the aging trans female and non-binary population
underlining the role of stigma and its stress-related impact on transgender individuals
The authors focus on the allostatic burden in the TGD population
such as the cumulative burden of chronic stress and life events
and adverse health outcomes (including metabolic
mental health and neoplastic diseases) compared to the cisgender population
These data contribute to a greater awareness of the care provided to transgender people
identifying potential risk factors for comorbidities
ensuring that transgender individuals receive the necessary information to give their informed consent when THAG or any other gender-affirming procedure is proposed
and highlighting the need for individualized follow-up of this population throughout life
The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
Gender minority stress in trans and gender diverse adolescents and young people
Standards of care for the health of transgender and gender diverse people
Citation: De Sousa Lages A (2024) Editorial: Transgender health: exploring diversity in the endocrine field
Received: 12 February 2024; Accepted: 19 February 2024;Published: 01 March 2024
Copyright &#xa9; 2024 De Sousa Lages. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
*Correspondence: Adriana De Sousa Lages, <a id="encmail">YWRyaWFuYW1zbGFnZXNAZ21haWwuY29t</a>
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Volume 9 - 2018 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00258">https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00258</a>
World population has been continuously increasing and progressively aging
Aging is characterized by a complex and intraindividual process associated with nine major cellular and molecular hallmarks
This review exposes the positive antiaging impact of physical exercise at the cellular level
highlighting its specific role in attenuating the aging effects of each hallmark
which improves the health-related quality of life and functional capabilities while mitigating physiological changes and comorbidities associated with aging
To achieve a framework of effective physical exercise interventions on aging
further research on its benefits and the most effective strategies is encouraged
Aging is a complex and intraindividual process, usually defined as a time-dependent progressive loss of the individual&#x02019;s physiological integrity, which eventually leads to deteriorated physical function (<a href="#B1">1</a>). Within this line, the accumulated molecular and cellular damage across the individual&#x02019;s life span often leads to age-associated pathological conditions and thus makes them more prone to death (<a href="#B2">2</a>&#x02013;<a href="#B5">5</a>)
Understanding the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms implicit in aging still represents one of the most complex and integral issues that biological research has yet to overcome
These hallmarks should be expressed during normal aging
with their experimental aggravation speeding up the aging process
their experimental amelioration retards the normal aging process
Nine cellular hallmarks contributing to aging
including (1) increasing neurogenesis and attenuating neurodegeneration and cognitive alterations; (2) decreasing blood pressure levels and increasing numerous cardiovascular functions
and cardiac preconditioning; (3) improving respiratory function by increasing ventilation and gas exchange; (4) enhancing metabolic function in raising the resting metabolic rate
and fat oxidation; and (5) augmenting muscle function and
body composition by improving muscle strength and endurance
as well as reducing weight and regional adiposity and increasing muscle mass and bone density
physical exercise has a positive antiaging impact at the cellular level
and its specific role in each aging hallmark is described below
The effect of physical exercise on epigenetic changes is just the beginning
studies so far show that an important modulation of exercise exists on the epigenetics mechanisms
Aging and some aging-related diseases are linked to impaired protein homeostasis, also known as proteostasis (<a href="#B91">91</a>). The array of quality control is guaranteed through distinct mechanisms that involve location, concentration, conformation, and the turnover of individual proteins, such as autophagy, proteasomal degradation, or chaperone-mediated folding (<a href="#B92">92</a>)
These functions prevent the aggregation of damage components and ensure the continuous renewal of intracellular proteins
A loss of function or incoordination of these processes leads to accumulated damaged proteins and thus aging-associated deleterious effects (<a href="#B93">93</a>) and neurological age-related conditions such as Alzheimer&#x02019;s or Parkinson&#x02019;s disease (<a href="#B91">91</a>)
Aging impairs the autophagy&#x02013;lysosomal and ubiquitin&#x02013;proteasome systems, which play a central role in cellular proteostatic mechanisms (<a href="#B94">94</a>, <a href="#B95">95</a>). Conversely, physical activity induces brain, muscle, and cardiac autophagy (<a href="#B96">96</a>). A joint program of moderate-intensity leg-resistance exercises and walking demonstrated to upregulate autophagy muscle markers in old women (<a href="#B97">97</a>)
despite that these data are still restricted to aged subjects
and scarce evidence is still available in humans
Aerobic exercise induces autophagy, thus preventing the loss of strength and muscle mass through the modulation of IGF-1, protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Akt/Forkhead box O3A signaling pathways (<a href="#B102">102</a>, <a href="#B103">103</a>), decreasing cardiovascular disease risk (<a href="#B97">97</a>) and eliminating damaging proteins triggering neurodegeneration (<a href="#B98">98</a>)
Similarly, the aging human brain exhibits a downregulation of beclin-1 (<a href="#B104">104</a>). Higher basal levels of autophagy were related to healthy human exceptional longevity, and healthy centenarians have higher serum levels of beclin-1 compared with young controls (<a href="#B105">105</a>)
The growth hormone (GH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is regulated by the growth hormone-releasing hormone, acting mainly in the hepatocytes to induce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) secretion. IGF-1 is also produced in distinct tissues, such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and muscle, to act in an autocrine or paracrine pattern (<a href="#B116">116</a>)
Besides the glucose sensing related to GH-IGF-1 axis activity, the interest on other nutrient-sensing systems is increasing&#x02014;mTOR, amino acid concentrations and anabolic metabolism; AMPK and adenosine monophosphate levels; and SIRTs and NAD&#43; levels. These last two nutrient sensors, AMPK and SIRTs (SIRT 1&#x02013;7), arise as alternative markers to low-energy states opposite mTOR (<a href="#B117">117</a>, <a href="#B131">131</a>, <a href="#B132">132</a>)
The cell&#x02019;s senescence process is usually associated with a deleterious purpose from senescent cell proliferation with aging. Nevertheless, its primary purpose is to prevent damaged cell proliferation and trigger their demise by the immune system, resulting in a beneficial cell compensatory response, contributing to tissue homeostasis. When tissues exhaust their regenerative capacity, the compensatory response to damage becomes harmful and accelerates aging (<a href="#B195">195</a>)
the practice of aerobic exercise reduced the expression of DNA damage biomarkers and correlated negatively with telomere length in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and positively with p16INK4a expression
Older individuals must practice physical exercise to maintain the health-related quality of life and functional capabilities that mitigate physiological changes and comorbidities associated with aging. Recommendations made herein are based on the most recent American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines (<a href="#B255">255</a>) (Table <a href="#T1">1</a>)
Physical exercise should include aerobic exercise
muscle strengthening and endurance training
Physical exercise difficulty and intensity progression should be tailored to the individual&#x02019;s tolerance
lighter intensity and duration are recommended at earlier stages
especially for those who are deconditioned or functionally impaired or present chronic conditions that preclude the performance of more demanding physical tasks
More debilitated and frail individuals may initially require aerobic training activities to improve their physical fitness before proceeding to more demanding tasks
individuals presenting sarcopenic muscles may need to improve their muscular strength and endurance before engaging in aerobic training
When the chronic conditions or comorbidities preclude accomplishing the recommended minimum of physical exercise
older individuals should not remain sedentary
and physical training should be performed as tolerated to provide a therapeutic benefit
Training sessions should be supervised by a qualified health professional and finish with an adequate cooldown (gradual reduction of physical intensity complemented with flexibility exercises)
especially among individuals with cardiovascular disease
General guidelines for exercise prescription in older individuals
Individuals with increased fall risk or present functional and mobility limitations benefit from the addition of neuromotor exercise training (2&#x02013;3 days/week), comprising balance, agility, and proprioceptive training (<a href="#B255">255</a>&#x02013;<a href="#B257">257</a>)
General recommendations to progressively increase the exercises&#x02019; difficulty include (i) more challenging postures by gradually shortening the support base
(ii) more exercises comprising more dynamic movement that perturb the center of gravity
(iii) higher focus on the postural muscle groups exercises
and (iv) progressive reduction of the sensory input
Cellular aging hallmarks are codependent and co-occur with the aging process. Understanding their causal network enables the conception of a framework to develop novel interventions to attenuate the aging process. As L&#x000F3;pez-Ot&#x000ED;n et al. (<a href="#B1">1</a>) referred in their review
cellular hallmarks may have beneficial or deleterious effects and may be subclassified into three main categories: primary (genomic instability
antagonistic (deregulated nutrient sensing
and integrative (stem cell exhaustion and altered intercellular communication) hallmarks
The primary hallmarks are the initiating triggers and are always associated with deleterious effects
such as DNA damage from chromosomal aneuploidies
the antagonistic hallmarks have a beneficial responsive effect to attenuate damage when present in lower levels; however
when these are exacerbated or present at chronic levels
especially when promoted by the primary hallmarks
inducing cellular damage and promoting the aging process
The integrative hallmarks result from the accumulated damage from the primary and antagonistic hallmarks and directly interfere with tissue homeostasis and account for age-associated functional decline
To face the increase in average life expectancy, many therapeutic interventions aiming at the life-span expansion have emerged (<a href="#B1">1</a>)
many of these therapeutic interventions comprise expensive pharmacologic agents associated with an increased complication risk because of adverse events and polymedication
reduces the risk of many potentially lethal diseases
and helps strike the increasing sedentary behavior and physical-inactivity pandemic
although exercise does not mitigate the aging process
it attenuates many of the deleterious systemic and cellular effects and improves the function of most of the mechanisms involved in aging
further research on its most effective benefits in elderly people is warranted
the safest and most triumphant route should extensively rely on physical exercise
and the elderly community should be encouraged to engage in the continuous and regular practice of healthy physical activities
The motto is &#x0201C;Move for your life,&#x0201D; and remember
performed the literature review and drafted the manuscript
and JE-M provided advice on key aspects of the manuscript and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content
All the authors discussed the final manuscript and approved the final version
The handling Editor declared a shared affiliation
5&#x02019;-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ASC
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D; HSPs
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme; PGC-1&#x003B1;
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; PI3K
class 3 phosphatidylinositol 3OH kinase; RNA
senescence-associated &#x003B2;-galactosidase; SASP
senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SIRT
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Received: 30 December 2017; Accepted: 03 May 2018; Published: 25 May 2018
Copyright: &#x000A9; 2018 Rebelo-Marques, De Sousa Lages, Andrade, Ribeiro, Mota-Pinto, Carrilho and Espregueira-Mendes. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
*Correspondence: Alexandre Rebelo-Marques, <a id="encmail">YWxleFJtYXJxdWVzQGdtYWlsLmNvbQ==</a>
Volume 16 - 2022 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.805723">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.805723</a>
exposure to a spoken language has allowed us to implicitly capture the structure underlying the succession of speech sounds in that language and to segment it into meaningful units (words)
the ability to pick up patterns in the sensory environment without intention or reinforcement
is thus assumed to play a central role in the acquisition of the rule-governed aspects of language
including the discovery of word boundaries in the continuous acoustic stream
Although extensive evidence has been gathered from artificial languages experiments showing that children and adults are able to track the regularities embedded in the auditory input
as the probability of one syllable to follow another syllable in the speech stream
the developmental trajectory of this ability remains controversial
we have collected Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) while 5-year-old children and young adults (university students) were exposed to a speech stream made of the repetition of eight three-syllable nonsense words presenting different levels of predictability (high vs
low) to mimic closely what occurs in natural languages and to get new insights into the changes that the mechanisms underlying auditory statistical learning (aSL) might undergo through the development
The participants performed the aSL task first under implicit and
under explicit conditions to further analyze if children take advantage of previous knowledge of the to-be-learned regularities to enhance SL
These findings would also contribute to extend our knowledge of the mechanisms available to assist SL at each developmental stage
were only observed for the adult participants
ERP data showed evidence of online segmentation in the brain in both groups
as indexed by modulations in the N100 and N400 components
A detailed analysis of the neural data suggests
that adults and children rely on different mechanisms to assist the extraction of word-like units from the continuous speech stream
hence supporting the view that SL with auditory linguistic materials changes through development
little is known about how this ability changes through development
to explore the development of the neural mechanisms that support the extraction of regularities embedded in a continuous stream made of a succession of visual stimuli with adults and children aged 6&#x2013;9 and 9&#x2013;12 years old
the participants were asked to press a button whenever a given target (a colored circle) appeared at the center of the computer screen
the target was predicted by colored circles with varying degrees of probability (high
Results showed an enhanced P300 in the three groups of the participants for the high relative to the low or null predictors
hence providing evidence for the invariance model of SL at the neural level
in a recent study analyzing whether maternal stress was associated with the neural responses of aSL using tones as stimuli in 26-month-old children
found evidence of online segmentation in the P200 component
do not follow each other with 100% of certainty (syllables as/cur/occur in different words and syllable positions
Using nonsense words with different TPs can be thus highly beneficial
It can contribute to increase the variance along which SL can be measured
to mimick what occurs in natural languages closely
to increase the chances of age-related differences in the processes recruited to assist SL to be observed
These findings were interpreted as facilitation due to the involvement of controlled and effortful processes in SL
Studies examining if SL can be enhanced through the use of explicit instructions in children remain to be conducted
namely high-predictable &#x201C;words&#x201D; eliciting larger N400 amplitude than low-predictable &#x201C;words,&#x201D; and &#x201C;words&#x201D; presented under explicit conditions eliciting a reduced N100 amplitude than &#x201C;words&#x201D; presented under implicit conditions
As exposure to the speech streams unfolded
we also expected an enhancement in the N100 component
indexing the involvement of predictive mechanisms
and in the N400 reflecting the formation of a pre-lexical trace of &#x201C;words&#x201D; in the brain
Written informed consent was obtained from each adult participant and parents/legal representatives in the case of children participants
The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the local Ethics Committee (University of Minho
Seven participants (four children and three adults) were excluded from the EEG and also from the behavioral analyses due to artifact rejection
Three-syllable nonsense words and foils from Syllabary A and Syllabary B
Each speech stream was edited to include in 15% of the syllables a superimposed chirp sound (a.1-s sawtooth wave sound from 450 to 1,450 Hz) to provide the participants with a cover task (i.e.
a chirp detection task) to ensure adequate attention to the stimuli during exposure
The chirp was included in all &#x201C;words,&#x201D; counterbalanced across syllable positions to prevent any cue for word segmentation
Correct detections in adults were 141.5 (&#x00B1;2.29) out of 144 in the implicit aSL task (97.8% of all responses
including false alarms) and 141.4 (&#x00B1;2.21) in the explicit aSL task (98.3%)
Correct detections in the children group were 133.2 (&#x00B1;10.60) in the implicit aSL task (88.2%) and 131.2 (&#x00B1;5.61) in the explicit version (92.7%)
differences across aSL tasks were non-significant (p &#x003E; 0.337)
These findings suggest that the participants paid appropriate and
similar attention to the speech streams presented in each of the aSL tasks
thus ruling out this factor as a potential confound
A visual summary of the experimental design
Panels (A&#x2013;G) illustrate the timeline of the experimental procedure in which the implicit and
Each aSL task comprised three parts: instructions
Each task was initiated with specific instructions (A,E) that determined the conditions under which the aSL task was performed: (A) implicit instructions (i.e.
without knowledge of the stimuli or the structure of the stream) or (E) explicit instructions (i.e.
with explicit knowledge or pre-training on the &#x201C;words&#x201D; presented in the stream)
In the familiarization phase of both tasks (B,F) during which EEG data were collected
the participants were presented with a continuous auditory stream of four high-TP and four low-TP &#x201C;words,&#x201D; with chirp sounds (depicted as a speaker icon in the figure) superimposed over specific syllables
The chirp sounds could emerge at any of the three syllabic positions of the &#x201C;words,&#x201D; which precluded its use as a cue for stream segmentation
the participants had to perform a chirp detection task
a test phase (C,G) consisting of a 2-AFC task asked the participants to indicate which of the two-syllable sequences (a &#x201C;word&#x201D; and a foil) sounded more familiar
considering the stream heard on the familiarization phase
For the 2-AFC tasks performed after the familiarization phases of the aSL tasks, we used the foils already created by <a href="#B70">Soares et al. (2020)</a> from Syllabaries A and B (see <a href="#T1">Table 1</a>)
The foils were made up of the same syllables used in the &#x201C;words,&#x201D; presented with the same frequency and syllable positions as in the high- and low-TP &#x201C;words.&#x201D; For example
the most frequent syllables used during familiarization from Syllabary A (e.g.
&#x201C;do,&#x201D; &#x201C;ti,&#x201D; &#x201C;mi,&#x201D; and &#x201C;ge&#x201D;)
which appeared three times in different low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; (e.g.
&#x201C;dotage,&#x201D; &#x201C;tidomi,&#x201D; &#x201C;migedo,&#x201D; and &#x201C;gemiti&#x201D;)
were also presented three times in the foils (e.g.
&#x201C;dobage,&#x201D; &#x201C;tidemi,&#x201D; &#x201C;mipedo,&#x201D; and &#x201C;geciti&#x201D;)
&#x201C;tu,&#x201D; &#x201C;ci,&#x201D; &#x201C;da,&#x201D; &#x201C;bu,&#x201D; &#x201C;pe,&#x201D; and &#x201C;po&#x201D;)
which appeared only one time in the high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; (e.g.
&#x201C;tucida,&#x201D; &#x201C;bupepo,&#x201D; &#x201C;modego,&#x201D; and &#x201C;bibaca&#x201D;)
were also presented one time in the foils (e.g.
&#x201C;tumica,&#x201D; &#x201C;bugego,&#x201D; &#x201C;modopo,&#x201D; and &#x201C;bitida&#x201D;)
to the syllables in the high- and low-TP &#x201C;words,&#x201D; the syllables in the foils were never presented together during familiarization (TPs = 0)
that due to stimuli restrictions (the number of syllables in each syllabary and the need to generate sequences of syllables never presented together before)
the foils associated with the high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; entailed two syllables from the high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; and one-syllable from the low-TP &#x201C;words.&#x201D; The same is observed for the foils associated with the low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; that entailed two syllables from the low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; and one-syllable from the high-TP &#x201C;words.&#x201D; Four lists of materials were created to counterbalance syllables across positions in each syllabary
The participants in each group were randomly assigned to one list from Syllabary A and one list from Syllabary B to perform the aSL under implicit and explicit conditions with the constraint that the same number of the participants would complete a given list (six participants per list)
each trial began with the presentation of a fixation point (cross) for 1,000 ms
after which the first stimulus (&#x201C;word&#x201D;/foil) was presented
A 500-ms inter-stimulus interval separated the presentation of the stimuli
The next trial began as soon as the participants made a response or 10 s had elapsed
The 16 trials were presented in two blocks of 8 trials each
the order (first or second) by which the stimuli were presented was controlled for
half of the high-TP and half of the low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; were presented firstly and in the other half the reverse (counterbalanced across blocks)
the high-TP and low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; were paired against half of the foils associated with each type of &#x201C;word.&#x201D; The trials in each block
were randomly presented to the participants
Data collection was performed in an electric shielded
sound-attenuated room at Psychological Neuroscience Lab (School of Psychology
The participants were seated in a comfortable chair
EEG data were recorded with a 64 channels BioSemi Active-Two system (BioSemi
Netherlands) according to the international 10&#x2013;20 system and digitized at a sampling rate of 512 Hz
Electrode impedances were kept below 20 k&#x03A9;
EEG was re-referenced offline to the algebraic average of mastoids
Data were filtered with a bandpass filter of 0.1&#x2013;30 Hz (zero phase shift Butterworth)
ERP epochs were time-locked to the nonsense words&#x2019; onset
from &#x2212;300 to 1,200 ms (baseline correction from &#x2212;300 to 0 ms)
Independent component analyses (ICA) were performed to remove stereotyped noise (mainly ocular movements and blinks) by subtracting the corresponding components
with amplitudes exceeding &#x00B1;100 &#x03BC;V) were excluded
the average accepted trials by condition and group were 85% (204 trials)
Only data from the participants presenting a minimum of two-thirds of trials in any condition were considered in the analyses (21 participants in the adult group and 20 participants in the children group)
EEG data processing was conducted with Brain Vision Analyzer
Behavioral (2-AFC) and ERP data analyses were performed using the IBM-SPSS software (Version 27.0)
the% of correct responses was computed for each of the 2-AFC tasks and separately for the high-TP and low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; in each group of the participants
One-sample t-tests against the chance level were conducted in each group of the participants to determine whether performance in each aSL task and type of &#x201C;word&#x201D; was significantly different from chance (50%)
adults) as a between-subject factor and the aSL task (implicit vs
explicit) and Type of &#x201C;word&#x201D; (high-TP vs
low-TP) as within-subject factors were also conducted to analyze if 2-AFC performance was significantly different across groups and experimental conditions
To account for the topographical distribution of the abovementioned EEG deflections
mean amplitudes&#x2019; values were obtained for the topographical regions where amplitudes were maximal: the fronto-central region of interest (ROI; F1
main and interaction effects that reached statistical or marginal significance levels (p &#x003C; 0.05 or p &#x003C; 0.08
respectively) in comparison of interest are reported
The Greenhouse&#x2013;Geisser correction for non-sphericity was used when appropriate
Post hoc tests for multiple comparisons were adjusted with Bonferroni correction
the p-values reported were the ones obtained after the Bonferroni corrections were automatically applied (i.e.
the adjusted p-values) by the IBM-SPSS&#x00AE; software (Version 27.0)
&#x03B7;p2) and observed power (pw) for a single effect are reported in combination with the main effects of the condition
The mean percentages of correct responses obtained from the 2-AFC tasks performed after the exposure phases of the implicit and explicit aSL tasks per type of &#x201C;word&#x201D; and a group of participants are presented in <a href="#T2">Table 2</a>
Mean (SD) of the number (%) of correct responses for the high- and low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; in the implicit and explicit aSL tasks per group of participants
The results from the one-sample t-tests against a chance level in the group of children showed that the 2-AFC performance did not differ from the chance in either of the aSL tasks and type of &#x201C;words&#x201D; (all ps &#x003E; 0.115)
the results showed that 2-AFC performance exceeded the chance level for the low-TP &#x201C;words,&#x201D; t(20) = 2.264
and low-TP &#x201C;words,&#x201D; t(20) = 3.543
adults showed behavioral signs of learning in both aSL tasks and for both types of &#x201C;words&#x201D; except for the high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; in the implicit condition
the results obtained from the repeated measures ANOVA showed a main effect of group
that adults outperformed children (58.1 vs
respectively) when both tasks were taken as a whole
A main effect of aSL task was also observed
This effect indicated that the participants showed better performance in the aSL task performed under explicit than implicit conditions (58.8 vs
the twofold group &#x00D7; type of &#x201C;word&#x201D; interaction was marginally significant
while adults tended to better recognize low-TP than high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; in both aSL tasks (62 vs
the difference across the type of &#x201C;words&#x201D; failed to approach significance (48.8 vs
the interaction also revealed that adults tended to outperform children for the low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; (62 vs
but not for the high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; (54.3 vs
In this ERP component, the ANOVA showed a main effect of the length of exposure, maximal at the fronto-central ROI, F(1,19) = 5.22, p = 0.034, &#x03B7;p2=0.215, pw = 0.582, indicating that, regardless of the aSL task and type of &#x201C;word,&#x201D; children showed a larger N100 amplitude in the second half than the first half of the aSL tasks (see <a href="#F4">Figure 4</a>)
No other main or interaction effects reached statistical significance
Grand-averaged waveforms (central ROI) and topographic maps for adults and children
&#x201C;IMP&#x201D; stands for the aSL task performed under implicit conditions
whereas &#x201C;EXP&#x201D; for the aSL performed under explicit instructions (first and second blocks collapsed)
Gray-shaded rectangles indicate the analyzed time windows
data depicted in this figure were low-pass filtered at 25 Hz after grand average
Block effects in N100 and N400 components both in the adult and children groups
Grand-averaged waveforms correspond to central ROI in adults and fronto-central ROI in children
To assure the clarity of the graphical representation
the conditions of type of &#x201C;word&#x201D; and aSL task were collapsed
Gray-shaded rectangles indicate the time windows in which the block effect was significant
Graphical representation of the N400 triple interaction effect in the children group
Gray-shaded rectangles indicate the N400 time window
(C) Type of &#x201C;word&#x201D; effect under explicit instructions in the first block
(D) Effect of block in low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; under explicit instructions
Pairwise comparisons showed that the effect of the aSL task resulted in a higher amplitude of the N400 component under explicit than implicit conditions
observed for low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; in the first half of the task (p = 0.030)
that effect was observed for high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; (p = 0.027)
a significant effect of type of &#x201C;word&#x201D; was found in interaction with the aSL task and length of exposure
showing a larger amplitude for low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; relative to the high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; in the first half of the explicit aSL task (p = 0.041)
the effect of length of exposure reached significance for low-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D; under explicit instructions
resulting in a larger N400 amplitude in the first half than in the second half (p = 0.022)
No other main or interaction effect reached statistical significance
The present study aimed to examine age-related differences in the neural correlates of aSL with linguistic materials during the familiarization phase of a triplet-embedded task
Five-year-old children and young adults were exposed to speech streams containing high- and low-predictable three-syllable nonsense words in which the statistical regularities had to be extracted through passive exposure (implicit condition) or after the nonsense words had been explicitly taught (explicit condition)
The use of &#x201C;words&#x201D; with different levels of predictability aimed to increase the variance along which the aSL ability was measured and to mimic what occurs in &#x201C;real&#x201D; environments closely
The presentation of &#x201C;words&#x201D; under implicit and explicit conditions aimed to further examine if children take advantage of the previous knowledge to enhance SL
as previously observed with adult participants
we aimed to contribute to a deepened understanding of the neurodevelopmental changes that the processes underlying aSL might undergo across development
to test current views claiming for an invariant model of aSL with auditory linguistic materials
These factors might mask SL and may also justify why children seem not to take advantage of the previous knowledge of the to-be-learned regularities to boost 2-AFC performance
even though a detailed analysis of the neural responses observed in adults vs
children participants suggests age-related differences in the processes recruited to extract the statistical regularities embedded in auditory streams implemented with linguistic materials
but also that the adult brain is able to decode the structure of continuous streams of syllables
distinguishing high-probable from less-probable sequences
even when &#x201C;extra&#x201D; (metalinguistic) information about the to-be-learned regularities was not provided
Future research should contrast these two accounts by comparing the processing of homogenous speech streams (containing either low-TP or high-TP &#x201C;words&#x201D;) to heterogenous (mixed) streams
manipulating the frequency of occurrence of each token
They should also further test if extending the time of exposure would make children and adults show the same pattern of neural responses and behavioral results
the first reporting ERP evidence of age-related differences in the mechanisms used by children and adults to extract word-like units from continuous speech streams
It highlights the usefulness of the ERP methodology to cope with the limitations of the offline post-learning tasks
and to compare groups of participants from different developmental stages
It also sheds light on how the mechanisms underlying aSL with linguistic materials might change across development as a function of &#x201C;words&#x201D; predictability and the conditions under which &#x201C;words&#x201D; are presented to the participants
although 2-AFC data failed to show evidence of SL in children
even when explicit instructions were provided
the modulations observed in the N100 and N400 suggest that participants from both groups were sensitive to the regularities embedded in the speech streams
the differences observed across groups in these components suggest that children and adults rely on different mechanisms to extract word-like units from speech streams
hence supporting the view that aSL with linguistic materials changes through development as has been observed in the auditory domain with non-linguistic materials
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/<a href="#S12">Supplementary Material</a>
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the University of Minho
Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants&#x2019; legal guardian/next of kin
and HO implemented the experiment and collected the data
AS and MV wrote the first draft of the manuscript
All authors reviewed and approved the final version submitted
This study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662)
and supported by the Grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028212 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science
Technology and Higher Education through national funds
and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement
The research team would like to thank the participants who generously shared their time and experience for the purposes of this project
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.805723/full#supplementary-material">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.805723/full#supplementary-material</a>
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Linguistic entrenchment: prior knowledge impacts statistical learning performance
Measuring individual differences in statistical learning: current pitfalls and possible solutions
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Language learning in the adult brain: disrupting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex facilitates word-form learning
The Minho Word Pool: Norms for imageability
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As Trials Go By: Effects of 2-AFC Item Repetition on SL Performance for High- and Low-TP &#x2018;Words&#x2019; Under Implicit and Explicit Conditions [Manuscript submitted for publication]
<a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&#x0026;journal=As+Trials+Go+By%3A+Effects+of+2-AFC+Item+Repetition+on+SL+Performance+for+High-+and+Low-TP+&#x2018;Words%23x2019%3B+Under+Implicit+and+Explicit+Conditions+%5BManuscript+submitted+for+publication%5D%2E&#x0026;author=Soares+A.+P.&#x0026;author=Fran&#x00E7;a+T.&#x0026;author=Guti&#x00E9;rrez-Dom&#x00ED;nguez+F.&#x0026;author=Oliveira+H.+M.&#x0026;publication_year=2021c" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a>
Not all words are equally acquired: transitional probabilities and instructions affect the electrophysiological correlates of statistical learning
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On the advantages of frequency measures extracted from subtitles: The case of Portuguese
Literacy effects on artificial grammar learning (AGL) with letters and colors: evidence from preschool and primary school children
Statistical language learning in neonates revealed by event-related brain potentials
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Assessing visual statistical learning in early-school-aged children: The usefulness of an online reaction time measure
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Vasconcelos M and Jim&#x00E9;nez L (2022) Learning Words While Listening to Syllables: Electrophysiological Correlates of Statistical Learning in Children and Adults
Copyright &#x00A9; 2022 Soares, Guti&#x00E9;rrez-Dom&#x00ED;nguez, Lages, Oliveira, Vasconcelos and Jim&#x00E9;nez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
*Correspondence: Ana Paula Soares, <a id="encmail">YXNvYXJlc0Bwc2kudW1pbmhvLnB0</a>
- A man walks into a strip club with a cat..
but when they were both refused entry he repeatedly called 911
Can we direct you to the Pussycat Lounge instead
According to <a href="http://www.wtsp.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=258206" rel="nofollow noopener">CBS affiliate WTSP</a>
deputies were called to the Emerald City Gentlemen's Club in Murdock on South Florida's gulf coast shortly after 9 p.m
Lages sat down outside the business and called 911
They told him he needed to leave the premises and assisted in calling a taxi for him
he began yelling and causing a disturbance
and insisted the club owner had committed a crime by denying entry to him and the cat
He kept on calling 911 on his cell phone...even though deputies were already on the scene
Lages was placed under arrest and had to be forcibly restrained
He was booked into the Charlotte County jail on charges of misuse of the 911 system
trespassing after warning and resisting arrest without violence
The kitten is reportedly in the custody of animal control
one of the most important and productive authors of mathematics books in the country
he was the winner of two Jabuti Prizes for Exact Sciences
Former director of IMPA and full member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences since 1963
was 87 years old and played a prominent role as an inspiration for a generation of young Brazilian mathematicians
among them Fields Medal winners Artur Avila
Ralph Teixeira (UFF) and Nicolau Saldanha (PUC-Rio)
Lages was director of IMPA on three occasions (1969-71
he stood out as president of the Brazilian Mathematical Society (1973-75) and was a member of the National Education Council and the Superior Council of Faperj
Some recognition for his prominent role in mathematics came with the receipt of the Order of Scientific Merit in the Grand Cross Class
he improved his knowledge at Princeton and Columbia
after the beginning of the Military Regime
Elon dedicated himself to the promotion of Mathematics and teacher training
bachelor's and postgraduate courses at the Federal University of Ceará
He was also the creator of the “Projeto Euclides” and “Coleção Matemática Universitária” collections and
the creator of PAPMEM (High School Teacher Training and Improvement Program)
which has already benefited more than 20 thousand teachers in the country
Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics © 2024 All rights reserved
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the gulf between humanity and the advent of self-driving cars on a commercial scale has been shrinking quickly
Tech giants such as Tesla and Uber have thrown their weight behind camera-based sensors that are supposed to enable cars to map and interpret their surroundings and avoid objects on the road
But this Holy Grail of innovation remains ever so slightly out of reach
According to Ulrich Lages, CEO of the Hamburg-based sensor developer <a href="https://www.ibeo-as.com/en">Ibeo Automotive Systems</a>
this is partly a consequence of tech innovators taking the long way to reach automated driving
Ulrich has championed the use of lasers rather than cameras in the quest for self-driving cars
“The advantage of a laser scanner is that it is an active system
so it measures actively in comparison to a camera
its own energy to illuminating the environment
Laser scanners have been at the centre of Ulrich’s life since the 1990s
when he pursued a PhD in mechanical engineering
specifically in emergency brake systems based on laser scanners
he applied his research to developing his own scanners that could be used to prevent traffic accidents
“There were laser technologies at the time
but they were developed for different commercial markets
We thought it would make sense to transfer this technology to the automotive market,” Ulrich says
he believed he could improve the performance of laser scanners by raising the number of scanning planes and therefore increasing the vertical field of view
no-one was interested in putting a complex laser scanner on their vehicle
There were still too many problems with the technology – it was not water resistant
They needed to create a market for their technology
a French automotive technology supplier that could market Ibeo’s technology to its existing customer base
was to sell a 40% stake in Ibeo to the global technology manufacturing company ZF Group
which gave Ibeo the opportunity to grow to over 400 employees now and the flexibility to focus on innovating more advanced products
The most important among these products has been Ibeo’s solid-state LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) laser sensor
which has more than 10,000 lasers on a chip without any moving parts at all
We developed a completely new way to measure single photons
which enables us to operate with very low energy but achieve a very high range
“This was probably the most significant achievement in Ibeo’s history
Very few companies in the world can manufacture these according to our specifications,” Ulrich says
“It took an incredible amount of brainpower to get this into our hands.” Today
with a solid line-up of sensors and software products not only being installed into cars but even being used to validate competing products
Ulrich has been able to take a step back from his previous push for growth and focus on his passion applied research
we decided to change our organisation from a hierarchical organisation into a completely flat organisation
Instead of dealing with only the major business decisions
I now have people coming to me directly to ask for support or even to discuss something technology-related over lunch,” he says
“It feels good to be involved in research and development that is always on the cutting edge of technology
The things we have developed can’t be found in books and can’t be studied because we’re always ahead.”
Ulrich is also part of the host committee of the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) World Congress in 2021 in Hamburg
alongside the Federal Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
“It’s a great honour for me to be a member of the host committee,” he says
“I am thrilled to contribute my 20 years’ worth of experience in the field of automated driving to the world’s largest trade fair for new mobility solutions.”
The CEO Magazine is more than a business title; it’s a source of information
inspiration and motivation for the world’s most successful leaders
Learn all about The CEO Magazine at <a style="color: #fff; text-decoration: underline !important;" href="https://theceo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TheCEO.com</a>
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a native of Ormond Beach and a 1994 graduate of Seabreeze High School
has spent his last 20 years in auto racing
truck driver and a gas man on the pit crew
Lages is the backup gas man for Roush Fenway Racing in the Nationwide Series
a job he wanted so he could have Sundays off with his family
Lages told The News-Journal how he stays in shape for “going over the wall,” or executing a pit stop
What kind of shape do you need to be in for a gas man
You basically have to dance around with it on your shoulder
Our strength and conditioning coaches focus more on core strength
I’m never going to look like a body builder
We do conditioning training two days a week
I go with the car to the racetrack all weekend
I will do my cardio in a hotel somewhere or go run somewhere
I’m not like a lot of the pit crew members of today
A lot of these guys come from college sports
I didn’t get a college scholarship to go play any kind of sport
My kind of pit crew guy is becoming obsolete
There’s so much more that is dependent on the pit stop nowadays
It’s way easier to pass a car on pit row than on the race track
All the bigger teams are hiring pit-crew only guys and that’s all they do
(In contrast) My other regular job is that I’m a pit crew driver and mechanic
We do a lot of free weights and a lot of machines
It has every machine you would want to do — pull up machines
You go up with your right leg and right arm as high as it will go and then go down (and up with the left arm and leg) It’s basically like you’re climbing the side of a mountain
You do a leg curl and then get on the Versa Climber and do it as fast as you can
I know I get a better workout with the trainer than I do when I’m by myself
There’s no slack time in between (exercises.) The biggest thing I’ve found (to staying in shape) is just to stay with it
I find myself not being bored in the gym because I’m fortunate to have a guy who changes my workout (routine) a lot
You go to the gym not knowing what you’re going to do
The hardest part for me is that I really enjoy eating
I cheat sometimes because the best food is not the best for you
If it’s a dire situation where there’s nothing else to eat
There’s usually not a lot of good choices of food
I will get a grilled chicken sandwich with no mayonnaise and just eat the chicken part
Maybe I will eat half the bun and throw the other half away
I don’t have to buy drinks on the road because we keep drinks in the truck
positively refuse to drink anything that’s diet
it’s about quality of life after I’m done racing
After I’m done with all the pit crew stuff
I want to retire at 60 and live another 30 years and enjoy my life
I try to tell that to the 20-year-olds I work with
That Tim McGraw song (“My Next 30 Years”) is the story of my life
Now I’m going to drink more lemonade and not so many beers
Fitness & Well-being spotlight is a weekly feature profiling area residents who have made healthy habits a priority in their lives
or those dedicated to helping others make healthy lifestyle changes
If you would like to nominate someone for a profile
2021 at 2:52 pm ET.css-79elbk{position:relative;}Eduardo Lages of Manchester is accused of criminal threatening
and being a felon in possession of a deadly weapon
NH — Police have made an arrest after the investigation of an assault outside of McGarvey’s Bar on Elm Street
Police responded to a report of an assault on Nov
The people reporting the incident had been inside McGarvey’s Bar on Elm Street when one of their friends got into an argument with an unknown man
Police said when the people were preparing to leave
they encountered the same man in the parking lot on Lowell Street
The man from inside the bar was accused of punching the man and his friend
The victims said another man drove up in a black SUV and assaulted the other person in the group
The victims told police the suspect said he had a gun
according to MPD Spokesperson Heather Hamel
police identified the man in the black SUV as Eduardo Lages
He was arrested and charged with felony criminal threatening
and felon in possession of a deadly weapon
Julian Lage ,who started playing guitar at the age of five
was fortunate enough not only to have supportive but non-pressuring parents
but also to have come along before the internet and social media would make it impossible to develop away from intense public scrutiny
which chronicled his unusual gifts at such a young age
Lage evolved into one of the music’s true innovators
while also being comfortable in the world of Americana
features Julian with his trio of Jorge Roeder on bass and Dave King on drums
The recording is a prequel of sorts to View with the Room
because it came from the same recording session produced by Margaret Glaspy
his wife and musical partner (and an accomplished singer-songwriter herself)
In a conversation in front of a live audience during the Blue Note at Sea cruise
I spoke with Julian about his path as an artist
almost in inverse proportion to his talents
I decided to use the people in his life as prompts to talk about his life and music
The results spoke volumes about the effect of both elders and peers in his own creative growth
I know that you would prefer not to talk just about yourself
So today we're going to ask you about people in your life
I was kind of the only one who had a propensity for music and frankly
my dad started playing guitar at the same time I did
there is a film about Julian called Jules at Eight
he had a one man show as a 12-year-old in California
and both he and my mother sought to cultivate a healthy journey for me
I think with a lot of young people who show signs of being good at something
there can be a tendency to inadvertently exploit and pressure the young person
get them involved with adults who may not have their best interests at heart
but see how the young person can help the adults' mission
My parents were very protective and aware and hip to all that stuff
In my early life my father and I shared the same trajectory
I think it became clear that I was heading on this path
he's just such a clear and vivid part of my musical life
just as a friend and a mentor in a lot of ways
the same is true for my mother in every other capacity there
I can't really speak to how special their thing is
Another important adult for you a little bit later was Gary Burton
How old were you when he hired you as a sideman
It's weird to say that as an adult because that does sound weird
I grew up just before the generation of social media with YouTube and all that
to be a young person in the world who showed signs of being good at something
Every so often you'd pop out into the world
It was a portion of the telecast where they said
Gary was in the audience and he wrote me a letter about a month later
“My name's Gary Burton…would you be available to play a gig with me at the TED Conference in Monterey
California.” Not terribly far from where I grew up
It was fantastic and it began a relationship that was pretty steady
We had a working relationship from when I was 12 until I was 22
What did you learn from him over that time
Gary's the consummate professional musician
He takes care of the whole constellation of things that matter
being healthy and being in a good place spiritually
whatever it is to do your job well consistently
And he does it with a really particular kind of charisma
He’s one of those cats who doesn't have a bad night
I think one of Gary's things is he makes people around him play their best
that you can set a tone where everyone around you just wants to kill it
They never feel that as a band leader you're looking at them going
“That's not enough.” It was never that kind of energy
It was really a disposition that I learned from him
He retired from playing about six years ago and he's very happy
I learned more from him than I can really put into words
Gary's not a traditional jazz musician in the sense that you can peg him
There’s the part of his life that's rock or jazz
There's part of his life that's deep into tango
which is him with all the bluegrass musicians
he's the prototypical modern conceptual artist as a musician
He ran the program at Berklee for a long time
Education as an extension of a performing artist’s life was not always the thing it is now
That thing came later and Gary really juggled it all
As someone who teaches or has taught quite a bit
Another elder that was really important to you was the legendary guitarist Jim Hall
It’s amazing that you got to be close to the guy who played with Sonny Rollins on The Bridge album
A lot of people don't know that Jim really loved connecting with his fellow guitarists and musicians
He would even gather them together socially in New York City for lunches or whatever
I first heard him when I was probably seven years old
and I kind of had that moment where I said
“That's what I want to do.” That's Jim Hall to me
I went to see him play at Yoshi's in Oakland when I would've been about 11
a very important figure in the jazz culture
his wife and myself were sitting in the front ready for Jim
For me this is like seeing the biggest rock star in the world
and he's starting to walk through the audience
I'm sorry.” He awkwardly got his way through the whole audience
and I just want to say thank you for coming.” It was the sweetest thing ever
It turns out Herb had obviously let him know there's this kid and you can't miss him
A few days later we went back with my mother to the matinee show
We just talked and then basically from the time that I was 11 until I was in my twenties
he would call me every few months just to check in
which is the label that Jim’s records are still put out
brokered a meeting where I could meet Jim and go to his apartment and play with him
It was kind of under false pretenses on purpose
He was just looking for any reason for me to hang out with Jim Hall
and they have to put out a bonus video of him playing ‘Autumn Leaves.’ Do you think you could accompany him?” I realized after the fact he didn't have to do that
We did a week at The Blue Note and we did some stuff in Connecticut
All of this connects to what you mentioned
which is these luncheons that were held in New York
Every month we'd meet at the French Press on 11th or 12th in the West Village
It would just be a different cast of people who were close with Jim and loved him
Nels Cline was someone who would come to these
until eventually we landed on the same luncheon and that became its own “Love at first sight” experience
But we did it up until the week before Jim died
I know that you look at what he did for you and the others
But I have to think that you guys probably did a lot for him
but I got the sense that Jim didn't like talking about the past
It's easy for me to romanticize his time with Ella or with Sonny and be like
“What were the fifties like?” He would just say
Jim and Sonny couldn't go in the same entrance to a club
he could've ignored that and made it about him
it was great and I did play my best.” He was like
“It's not about any of that.” He would say that
He was only into what people were doing that was new
where it's understandable to fetishize a different era
I'd show him records I was making at the time
He thought that was great because he didn't hear other people doing it
I pretty much stole all that from Chico Hamilton's band that he was in
I think not a day goes by that I don't think about him or wonder what he would do in a situation
You mentioned another person very much in the present
which is the innovative guitarist Nels Cline
but I would have never predicted that he’d have ended up in that group
He’s always been a tremendous improvising guitarist
You two struck up both a personal and musical relationship
I think of Nels as the gateway between improvised music
the avant garde and all that world with the world of songs as a deeply melodic
which is such a robust song-driven band led by Jeff Tweedy
We met at this Jim Hall function at the time
Nels lived a block from around the corner from Jim
One time we walked down the street to his house
I remember feeling like everything I've ever studied in my life was to prepare for this moment to play with Nels
but I never played as freely as I had with Nels
We should turn this into a thing.” I didn't think that was allowed
but what songs are we going to play?” He said,“We’ll just play the guitar
I can do that.” It took all the stress of other things away
who is kind of like the middle of a spoke of a bicycle wheel
And through him I started working with Sean Lennon
Through that I did some recording with Yoko Ono
And through that I became more on the radar of John Zorn
who's now one of my dearest friends and someone I've been working with for many years
Nels introduced me to another side of the whole spectrum
It is one of the great things about guitar
but you've been doing that for a while with Jorge Roeder and Dave King.&nbsp; I'm guessing you met Jorge through the New England Conservatory
He had already left NEC and moved to New York
I started a band and we started working together in my band
You have to understand my relationship with Jorge is incredibly deep
the compositional language that I've been chasing or trying to refine is all about the way we play together
All of those things are a kind of a driving force
At a certain point we were doing my thing that kind of changed
I was playing in a trio with Scott Colley and Kenny Wolleson
and then we started a band with John Zorn together
Then it kind of came full circle into our trio
it's just all of these influences coming to a head with my band
Dave is a great drummer and co-founder of the band The Bad Plus
and there was a sense that at some point we should do something
which is a club in New York that John Zorn runs
they’d have a week curated by a different musician
I had a week and back in the day you had to have 12 different sets of music over six days
it's one band and at 10 o'clock it's another
One of those nights was like my Dave King Night
I set about trying to figure out every possible way to play together
but I think it's even better now because we've now made several records
Dave is one of the great conceptual artists of the music and also someone who's very interested in the history of the music
you're hearing the lineage and you're hearing the future
One thing I wanted to add is that besides his talents as a drummer
Maybe you need to get away from the Julian Lage Trio
The albums that you recorded with the trio are on Blue Note
How did you come to end up working with Don Was on Blue Note
I knew his children because they came to Stanford Jazz Workshop as participants
I think he's one of the greatest electric bassists
At a certain point I was looking for a new label
Bringing the conversation up with Don was very organic
which I think all artists on Blue Note feel
that Don is interested in cultivating the development of an artist
not just “Gimme one record.” Let's see if it's good
It's more that you're going to create and we'd rather you create with us so that we can see the evolution and we can support you
That model really resonated with me and I feel deeply privileged to be a part of the Blue Note family
Your record with them that came out this past year was View with the Room
[Points to the view of the ocean from the venue.] It's a view and it's the room
And you have a new one called The Layers coming out in March
The Layers is from the record date we did for View with the Room
It's the trio featuring Bill Frisell in an accompaniment role
In the session there were these six songs that basically we couldn't fit on a record
I realized they represented their own more mysterious ethos
I think we all came to the conclusion that it constituted its own offering
I think of it almost like a prequel rather than a sequel
It's all the songs that if you listen to The Layers and then you listen to this record
you'll hear why we ended up making this record
You’ve had so many interesting and important figures in your life
Bill Collings was a tremendous figure in the world of guitar making
there are these major companies that are major for a reason
there was a shift in consciousness that said
a small builder can make better guitars and they can have just enough oomph behind them that they can compete with the majors.” They’re not making 40,000 guitars a year
was an acoustic guitar that became a signature model of mine
Then right as he was at the end of his life—he wasn't terribly old at all
but he got sick and he died—we began [working on] a signature electric guitar
but he passed away and his team and I finished the guitar and that became my main guitar
but he was brash and he'd kind of scare you
“It will last forever and it does this thing.” I don't really know where I got the chutzpah to say
I want it to sound good now and it should do this or that...” I think I drove him crazy
“Bill really liked that you pushed back because it made him a better builder.” And I thought
He kind of forced me to articulate what a good guitar needs to be
Something that's idiosyncratic and magnetic
The best guitar is the one you can't put down
Sometimes great guitars you can't put down
But sometimes great guitars make you feel like you're not worthy
People buy these beautiful guitars for a lot of money and they say
so I don't play it.” It's kind of sad because you should play it
because I'm sure it's the same with cars or with whatever the thing is
But I do think a guitar is little bit unusual
As a player you're transfixed and you can't forget it and you want to play
The truth of the matter is the more you can't forget it
I think the Collings family understands that a guitar has to get you into that cycle of love and curiosity with an instrument
Your last record was co-produced by Armand Hirsch
Armand Hirsch is one of these people who are so talented
when he was about the age I was doing stuff with Gary
he was 15 or 16 and he’s playing guitar with Hank Jones
Then out of that he became a neuroscientist
and then he became a drummer in a lot of popular rock bands
he's basically like this Excalibur producer person in the tradition of Brian Eno or Daniel Lanois
He was involved in the last two records for Blue Note
there are passages where we wanted reinforcement and he would take the drums and he would tune them down an octave
They're kind of a low rumble and he would mix just a little bit of that into the song every time we hit the chorus
You'll be listening and for some reason the chorus will come and you'll feel more impact
you would see these little low things that kind of give it a little hum
I think it's actually very appropriate because it doesn't interfere with our playing
He's done that to varying degrees on both of the last two records
Also working on that record is the talented singer-songwriter Margaret Glaspy
back then we played so much music together in lieu of dating
Then we got together and we stopped making music and we just kind of started a life together
we've come full circle and realized that we also can do that other thing
please listen to her as she's one of the great rock and roll guitar players and singer songwriters
You just think of her as a singer songwriter
it's been so good to have her at the helm because we can play something and she can say
but I kind of don't care” Then we can do it again
It's like it's the ears that you wish you had
This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity
Martha&rsquo;s Vineyard Regional High School&rsquo;s varsity boys&rsquo; soccer team beat Seekonk 6-0 in the first round of the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association South Division 3 playoffs
while Seekonk was seeded 12th with an 11-7-2 record
&ldquo;It was hard in the beginning,&rdquo; Coach Esteban Aranzabe told the Gazette after the game
It took 20 minutes to score the first goal
Miles Jordi assisted by Jason Lages scored the first goal with 13 minutes left in the first half
Less than five minutes later Gabriel Almeida assisted by Aksel Cooperrider scored the second goal
the Vineyard&rsquo;s home uniforms were more brown than white
partially because the heavy fog made the field slick
and partially due to the ferocity with which the boys played
Aranzabe called the conditions brutal and said he was happy no one was injured because of the dangerously slick grass
Though most of the play had Seekonk on defense
Keeper Julian Carter started in the net for the Vineyard and Joao Gonsalves played the second half
Joao recently was cleared to play after recovering from an injury for most of the season
&ldquo;[Seekonk] had a couple of breaks that were dangerous,&rdquo; Mr
&ldquo;We tried to pressure them on their half of the field.&rdquo;
Midway through the second half Jason Lages made the third goal assisted by Pierre Bonneau with a clean hit into the lower left corner of the net
Two minutes later he scored the fourth goal straight into the middle of the net
Lages scored his third goal of the game assisted by Nevin Wallis
Spencer Dario made the final goal assisted by Lages in the last two minutes of the game
Aranzabe said he is going to keep the team focused on the present and take each match as they come
&ldquo;We&rsquo;ll keep doing it little by little,&rdquo; he said
Their next game will be played off-Island on Sunday
<a href="http://vineyardgazettestore.com">Subscribe</a> or become a <a href="https://www.vineyardgazettestore.com/product/6/view">Friend of the Vineyard Gazette</a> and receive our free newsletters and free and discounted tickets to Gazette events along with our award-winning news and photography
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A drunk Florida man was arrested after being blocked from entering a strip club with his kitten
The Charlotte County Sheriff’s Office reported Everett Lages refused to leave the premises when the owner of Emerald City strip club said he wouldn’t be allowed in with the cat.&nbsp;
Rather than leave, Lages called 911. When deputies arrived, they called a taxi for the intoxicated kitten owner to get him and the pet back home, police wrote in a <a target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/notes/charlotte-county-sheriffs-office/ccso-arrests-man-for-misuse-of-911-system/383144311742813" rel="noopener noreferrer">news release posted on Facebook</a>.&nbsp;
He wouldn’t provide an address for the cab driver, and subsequently claimed he had no money to pay the fare, the <a target="_blank" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2012-06-07/news/sfl-kitten-20120607_1_strip-club-deputies-drunken-man" rel="noopener noreferrer">South Florida Sun Sentinel reported</a>.&nbsp; Police said Lages made a scene
claiming the club owner had committed a crime
and repeatedly dialed 911 even though sheriff's deputies were still at Emerald City.&nbsp;
police said they arrested him for misuse of the 911 system
creating a disturbance and resisting arrest without violence
Animal Control took possession of his kitten
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Neither Andrew James Small (pictured) nor his co-accused made any attempt to obtain consent
(Darren England/AAP PHOTOS)Two people who admitted sexually assaulting a man while he slept and subjecting him to a "terrifying" ordeal have had their jail terms suspended
pleaded guilty in Brisbane District Court on Thursday to one count each of aggravated sexual assault in company
Prosecuting barrister Lara Soldi said the victim had been in a casual sexual relationship with Small and often stayed at his apartment in the inner Brisbane suburb of Fortitude Valley
2021 the victim was sleeping overnight at the apartment when Small arranged for Lages de Jesus to attend
At 5.34am next day Small and Lages de Jesus had sex in the apartment's downstairs area before moving upstairs and into the victim's bedroom
Ms Soldi said the victim woke up after Lages de Jesus lifted the bedding and sexually assaulted him
under the victim's nose and told him to 'sniff this'," Ms Soldi said
The victim was terrified and sniffed the substance before burying his head in a pillow while Lages de Jesus assaulted  him again with Small in the room
Small later left for work and the victim told him: "I don't know how you think what happened this morning was OK"
Small told police that it was his idea to go upstairs and neither he nor Lages de Jesus made any attempt to obtain consent
"There has been a significant impact on the victim ..
Small's barrister Kylie Hillard said her client had been diagnosed with alexithymia
which affected his ability to understand emotions and read social cues
Ms Hillard said Small was highly unlikely to reoffend
"He said 'I hate the fact I made someone feel like that' when he read the victim's impact statement," Ms Hillard said
She suggested her client be sentenced to probation without a conviction recorded as he would otherwise lose his high level position at a large retail company
Lages de Jesus' barrister James Godbolt said his client was a Brazilian national who moved to Australia more than 10 years ago and had been granted a protective visa due to persecution over his homosexuality
Mr Godbolt said Lages de Jesus while on bail had beat his drug addiction and stopped his "destructive" use of smartphone apps for casual sex
Mr Godbolt said any prison term of 12 months or more
would allow the federal immigration minister to cancel Lages de Jesus's visa
Judge Gregory Lynham said he was having difficulty in sentencing two defendants who had shown genuine remorse
but who had committed serious sexual assault
"The circumstances are quite unique," Judge Lynham said
Small and Lages de Jesus were both sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment
and ordered to pay $3000 each in compensation
National Sexual Abuse and Redress Support Service 1800 211 028