There's an entire planet to explore in <a href="/games/microsoft-flight-simulator/" data-ref-id="5000-497658">Microsoft Flight Simulator</a>, as well as a few locations where the laws of physics have been thrown out of the window. Found <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/MicrosoftFlightSim/comments/j04j3m/what_a_nice_vie/" rel="nofollow ">by ReversedWindow</a> on Reddit
attempting to land on the Brazilian airfield of Lagoa Nova is almost impossible as the location appears to have been swallowed up by the planet
Leaving only a massive gaping chasm behind
adventurous players can attempt to touch ground at the airport but they'll run the risk of being trapped forever in the creepy abyss
you're also able to try and take off from Lagoa Nova if the odd physics of this location decide to play nice
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Now Playing: Microsoft Flight Simulator - Japan World Update Trailer
As for what created this digital black hole, it's possible that it might be related to the bizarre and <a href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/another-impossibly-tall-skyscraper-has-been-found-/1100-6481392/">impossibly tall skyscrapers</a> that were found in the game shortly after it launched
the technology that Microsoft Flight Simulator uses for its mapping technology
were to blame for the monolithic buildings
the Brazilian airport's warped terrain could have been caused by an incorrect number being typed into the spreadsheet where these important numbers are kept
resulting in the creation of the enormous void
<a href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microsoft-flight-simulators-next-update-overhauls-japan/1100-6482607/" data-ref-id="1100-6482607">A more-natural tour of the world</a> has been added to Microsoft Flight Simulator this week
which has given the game's version of Japan an improved digital elevation map of the country and high-resolution 3D photogrammetry that added six Japanese cities and several of their local airports to the game
Got a news tip or want to contact us directly? Email <a class="text-bold" href="mailto:news@gamespot.com?subject=Hi GameSpot! I have a news tip for you!">news@gamespot.com</a>
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This study is focused on a proposal of a smartphone imaging-based quantification for providing a simple and rapid method for the analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color throughout the use of the HSV and/or RGB model in digital devices
calibration curves were done based on the theoretical values of potassium biphthalate for a proper comparison between the spectrophotometer and the smartphone techniques
The smartphone camera and application attain an average accuracy higher than the analysis in the spectrophotometer (98.3 and 96.2%
it was demonstrated that only the UV–vis bands measurement is not feasible to perform the real abatement of the dye in the water because the limiting concentration that allows obtaining a linear relationship in this equipment related to the dye concentration is about 10 mg L−1
the spectrophotometer can not reach the real difference of color in the solution
the smartphone method by using the camera reaches linearity until 50 mg L−1
smartphones have been used for monitoring several organic and inorganic pollutants
no attempts have been published related to their use to evaluate the color and COD during wastewater treatment
this investigation also aims to assess the utilization of these methods
when high-colored water polluted by methylene blue (MB) was electrochemically treated by using a boron-dopped diamond (BDD) as the anode
COD and color abatement results clearly showed that different organic matter/color removal efficiencies were achieved
All the results are aligned with the studies already available in the literature
with the total removal of color in 120 min of electrolysis with 60 and 90 mA cm−2
and almost 80% of COD abatement with the higher j
samples of real effluent from beauty salons were compared
with standard deviation varying from only 3 to 40 mg O2 L−1
which is acceptable for COD values close to 2000
the methods here presented can be a great benefit for public water monitoring policies
since it is cheap and has a decentralized characteristic
given that smartphones are very common and portable devices
Stringent environmental regulations have been developed due to the constant increase of industrial activity
and consequently higher negative effects on the ecosystems
Pollutant emission control in waterbodies is an essential means of public governance
the impact of stricter environmental laws on the quality of social development is ambiguous
once the necessary analytical methods generally demand the use of specific and expensive equipment
the government centralizes the monitoring procedures in specific centers to diminish the costs
All these factors make the analytical processes more dilatory
mainly in undeveloped and developing countries
and so it is possible to observe changes in the color of the solution since both species are colored and absorbed in the visible region of the spectrum
the demand for portable imaging systems has increased due to activities like pathogen screening and water quality monitoring in order to guarantee water quality and reuse
considering that wastewater treatment facilities utilize the proper procedures
decentralized systems seems like a potential solution for some sectors as an alternative sustainable water resource to fillin the Sustainable Development Goal 6
no attempts utilizing a smartphone to assess the water decontamination have been reported in the literature
the objective of this work is to create a decentralized analytical approach based on the usage of a smartphone imaging-based quantification for providing a simple and rapid method for the analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color throughout the use of the HSV and/or RGB model in digital devices
The findings from this investigation may be used to create and modify a portable measurement tool that can be used directly in a “decentralized” futuristic supply model
where local water reuse or water treatment technologies are added to already existing municipal water delivery systems
The data obtained were also compared with analytic instrumentation to validate the protocol proposed here
where I is the brightness intensity in greyscale, and R, G and B are variables that characterize the color of the work area (using the RGB model).
</a>Illustration of the proposed analytical process
For comparison purposes between the methods, the intensity of light given as a response was converted into absorbance using the Lambert–beer Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Equ2">2</a>) to minimize the errors that result from obtaining images with slight variations in brightness caused by the absorption of light by the chromophore molecules present in the color solution
where (I) is the final value of the greyscale intensity and (I0) is the blank solution captured by the smartphone camera
Several experiments and analysis were replicated to minimize the experimental error
with a confidence level of &gt; 95% for all determinations
but only one set of data was chosen as the best
purchased by Reagen) was used for the calibration curve and all the oxidation assays
Sodium sulphate used as background electrolytes was supplied by Synth
All solutions required for analytical determinations were prepared with distilled water
The electrochemical oxidation system was performed in galvanostatic conditions using a batch cell with 400 mL of solutions containing 50 mg L−1 MB in 0.1 M Na2SO4
The cell contained boron-doped diamond (BDD) as the anode and titanium as the cathode
The total surface area of the anode is 4 cm2
The electrolysis was carried out using a power supply by applying different current densities (30
samples were collected and subjected to a COD and color removal analysis using image capture by smartphone
spectrophotometric measurements were obtained for comparison
and the error bars were included to visualize the variability of the plotted data
The decolorization of methylene blue dye solutions was followed by image acquisition and their color changes were determined by a color analysis application with a smartphone
In the case of color removal, the percentage of decolorization efficiency was then estimated by Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Equ3">3</a>):
where I0 and It are the color intensity at the initial time and time t of electrolysis
Meanwhile, the oxidation of dye solutions was monitored from their COD values, estimating the percentage of COD removal by Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Equ4">4</a>):
where COD0 and CODt are the COD values at the initial time and time t of electrolysis
Total current efficiency (TCE in %, Eq. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Equ5">5</a>) and energy consumption (EC, kWh COD m−3, Eq. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Equ2">2</a>) of the electrochemical treatment were also estimated according to the following equations:
where COD0 and CODf are initial and final chemical oxygen demands in g O2 L−1
respectively; F is the Faraday constant (96,487 C mol−1)
8 is the oxygen equivalent mass (g eq.−1) and Δt is the total time of electrolysis
allowing for a global determination of the overall efficiency of the process
where ΔEc (V) and I (A) are the average cell voltage and the electrolysis current
respectively; t is the time of electrolysis (s); and V is the sample volume (mL)
with the use of a spectrophotometer; and with the smartphone’s camera
through (2) the HSV model; or (3) the RGB intensities
</a>RGB color intensities for KHP standards
calibration curves of the saturation captured by the smartphone (b)
Insets: residuals of the respectives’ regressions
Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Tab1">1</a> presents the data of all calibration curves correlated with the theoretical COD of KHP standards
The COD results from the spectrophotometer show a considerable error
mainly in the lower ranges (0 and 15 mg KHP L−1)
a calibration curve based on the theoretical values and the results of the spectrophotometer was performed for a more suitable comparison between the methods
once the same occurred with the use of the smartphone
the most significant deviation was achieved at only one standard concentration
and it should represent an actual value of about COD of 17.6 mg O2 L−1
it reached a value of 27 and 26.3 mg O2 L−1 by the spectrophotometer and the smartphone
the average accuracy of the methods reached good-quality results
attaining 96.2% for the measurements with the spectrophotometer
it is possible to observe that the COD determinations from the HSV color analysis smartphone application were extremely efficient compared to the measurements achieved by the conventional spectrophotometric method
Aiming to prove the effectiveness of the smartphone-based color measurement even in high colorful samples, methylene blue (MB) was used as the dye for the measurements in this work. From a highly saturated solution (50 mg L−1), calibration curves were performed in the same way as the calibration for COD (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Fig3">3</a>).
</a>RGB color intensities for methylene blue dye standards (a); calibration curve of the RGB values captured by the smartphone (b
inset: residuals of the respectives’ regressions); and the absorbance spectrum of the standards (c
inset: intensity of the samples at 664 nm)
there is an specific instrumental absorbance’s limit that is not recommended to be ultrapassed
the smartphone protocol can be an effective alternative to perform the analysis of color abatement in water contaminated with MB dye
</a>(a) Comparison of COD abatement with the smartphone-based and the spectrophotometer methods during 120 min of electrolysis with a j = 60 mA cm−2; and (b) the difference of the tendency of color removal (%) by applying the calibration curve
and by using only the absorbance intensity
</a>Timely decrease of absorbance at 664 nm and absorbance spectrum (inset) during MB electrolysis
In order to complete the applicability of the smartphone protocol, different current densities were tested aiming to find the better operating conditions to promote the elimination of organic matter, in terms of COD, and the decolorisation of a solution containing 50 mg MB L−1 (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-023-37126-9#Fig6">6</a>).
</a>Color (a) and COD (b) abatement during 120 min of electrolysis by applying 30
the colored-images demonstrated that the descolorisation is attained
as a consequence of the attack of the oxidizing species electrochemically produced to the MB molecule
this feature is another advantage to use the smartphone protocol in color decay because when the goal is to assess the treatment efficiency of a given technology
the use of UV–vis spectrophotometric methods to quantify
the color removal or/and the concentration of a target organic molecule
especially when dealing with real matrices and/or advanced oxidation/reduction technologies
It is possible to have spectral interferences by transformation intermediates and matrix components
which may absorb radiation at the wavelength of the target organic pollutant absorption maximum
the determinations by using the colored-images obtained by smartphone camera and analyzed
allow more accurate results avoiding the absorbace interferences
Although similar COD removals were achieved at all j
higher energy requirements were achieved at higher j applied
is attributed to a greater contribution from non-oxidative parasitic reactions
it is an information that exemplify when the electrochemical treatment could be stopped and coupled with other AOP to enhance the elimination of organics in the solution
The elimination of dye in short times allow to achieve more than 50% of organic matter removals under specific operating conditions
allowing to reduce the effective treatment time
and the use of smartphone protocol is a novel initiative that integrated to EAOPs
it can become a real application in the decentralization of analytical procedures through cheaper and portable technologies
The methods proposed in this work were evaluated under different conditions and achieved good results not only in the calibration curves but also in the electrochemical treatment of water polluted with a high concentration of MB
which proves that the methods can be used even in high-colored matrices of water
these methods based on the use of a simple smartphone with a camera can be a promising way for environmental analysis when spectrophotometers are not available
the method proved to be more efficient than the ones based on the analysis of absorbance decay by spectrophotometer since it makes it possible to work with higher concentrations and no necessity of dilution
We want to formally declare that the datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to the elaboration of a patent document
which protect the confidenciatily of the analytical calibration and the production of an algorithm/software to establish a smartphone commercial application
but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
Does more stringent environmental regulation induce firms’ innovation
Evidence from the 11th five-year plan in China
print &amp; play inkjet printing and impedance-based biosensing technology operating through a smartphone for clinical diagnostics
Smartphone technologies supporting community-based environmental monitoring and implementation: A systematic scoping review
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Recent developments in computer vision-based analytical chemistry: A tutorial review
A low-cost sensor based on silver nanoparticles for determining chemical oxygen demand in wastewater: Via image processing analysis
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Finding a suitable treatment solution for a leachate from a non-hazardous industrial solid waste landfill
Treatment of textile industry wastewater by electrocoagulation coupled with electrochemical advanced oxidation process
Electrochemical determination of chemical oxygen demand on functionalized pseudo-graphite electrode
Degradation of the azo dye Acid Red 1 by anodic oxidation and indirect electrochemical processes based on Fenton’s reaction chemistry
Optimized treatment conditions for textile wastewater reuse using photocatalytic processes under UV and visible light sources
Novel method of turbidity compensation for chemical oxygen demand measurements by using UV–vis spectrometry
A handheld smartphone-controlled spectrophotometer based on hue to wavelength conversion for molecular absorption and emission measurements
Iron(III) determination in bioethanol fuel using a smartphone-based device
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<a data-track="click" data-track-action="download citation references" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1038/s41598-023-37126-9?format=refman&amp;flavour=references">Download references</a>
Financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil) (CNPq—439344/2018-2
and support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Brazil) with the FAPESP project 2014/50945-4
Martínez-Huitle acknowledges the funding provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) and CAPES (Brazil) as a Humboldt fellowship for Experienced Researcher (88881.136108/2017-01) at Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (Germany) and Fundación Carolina (Spain) and Grupo Tordesillas
(Brasil) for the research experience (Movilidad C.2021) at the Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha (Spain)
Barbosa Segundo acknowledges CNPq for the postdoctoral fellowships (409196/2022-3 and 150933/2021-5
The authors thank the Núcleo de Processamento Primário e Reúso de Água Produzida e Resíduos (NUPPRAR) for providing HPLC analyses
Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group
National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection
Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM)
The authors declare no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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Ascendant Resources has launched a targeted exploration drill program at its Lagoa Salgada VMS Project in Portugal
The program aims to test Massive and Semi-Massive Sulphide targets identified through IP
and gravity surveys near the Venda Nova North and South Zone deposits
Initial drilling in the North Zone targets potential high-grade massive sulphide lenses southwest and beneath the existing PMS zone
drilling will focus on a gravity anomaly up-dip and on the western flank of the Stockwork zone
which could indicate massive to semi-massive sulphides
The program is expected to be completed by year-end
Ascendant Resources ha avviato un programma di trivellazione esplorativa mirato presso il suo Progetto VMS Lagoa Salgada in Portogallo
Il programma ha l'obiettivo di testare i target di solfuri massivi e semi-massivi identificati tramite indagini IP
EM e di gravità vicino ai depositi della Zona Venda Nova Nord e Sud
La trivellazione iniziale nella Zona Nord mira a potenziali lenti di solfuri massivi ad alta legge a sud-ovest e sotto l'attuale zona PMS
la trivellazione si concentrerà su un'anomalia di gravità verso l'alto e sul fianco occidentale della zona Stockwork
che potrebbe indicare solfuri massivi a semi-massivi
Si prevede che il programma si concluda entro la fine dell'anno
Ascendant Resources ha lanzado un programa de perforación exploratoria dirigido en su Proyecto VMS Lagoa Salgada en Portugal
El programa tiene como objetivo probar los objetivos de sulfuros masivos y semi-masivos identificados a través de encuestas IP
EM y de gravedad cerca de los depósitos de la Zona Venda Nova Norte y Sur
La perforación inicial en la Zona Norte apunta a posibles lentes de sulfuros masivos de alta ley al suroeste y debajo de la zona PMS actual
la perforación se centrará en una anomalía de gravedad en la parte superior y en el flanco occidental de la zona Stockwork
lo que podría indicar sulfuros masivos a semi-masivos
Se espera que el programa se complete para fin de año
Ascendant Resources는 포르투갈의 라고아 살가다 VMS 프로젝트에서 목표 탐사 드릴 프로그램을 시작했습니다
EM 및 중력 조사에 의해 식별된 대량 및 반대량 유황 광물 목표를 테스트하는 것을 목표로 합니다
북쪽 지역에서의 초기 드릴링은 기존 PMS 지역의 남서쪽 및 그 아래에서 고품질 대량 유황 렌즈의 잠재력을 겨냥하고 있습니다
남쪽 지역에서는 드릴링이 상부 경사와 Stockwork 지역의 서쪽 측면에 있는 중력 이상에 집중되며
Ascendant Resources a lancé un programme de forage exploratoire ciblé sur son Projet VMS Lagoa Salgada au Portugal
Le programme vise à tester des cibles de sulfures massifs et semi-massifs identifiés grâce à des enquêtes IP
EM et gravimétriques près des dépôts des zones Venda Nova Nord et Sud
Les premiers forages dans la zone nord visent des lentilles de sulfures massifs de haute teneur au sud-ouest et sous la zone PMS existante
le forage se concentrera sur une anomalie gravimétrique en pente et sur le flanc occidental de la zone de Stockwork
ce qui pourrait indiquer des sulfures massifs à semi-massifs
Le programme devrait être achevé d'ici la fin de l'année
Ascendant Resources hat ein gezieltes Explorationsbohrprogramm bei seinem Lagoa Salgada VMS-Projekt in Portugal gestartet
massive und semi-massive Sulfidziele zu testen
EM- und Schwerefelduntersuchungen in der Nähe der Lagerstätten der Venda Nova Nord- und Südzone identifiziert wurden
Die erste Bohrung in der Nordzone zielt auf potenzielle hochgradige massive Sulfidelinsen im Südwesten und unterhalb der bestehenden PMS-Zone ab
In der Südzone liegt der Fokus der Bohrungen auf einer Schwereanomalie
die sich hangaufwärts und an der westlichen Flanke der Stockwork-Zone befindet
was auf massive bis semi-massive Sulfide hinweisen könnte
dass das Programm bis Ende des Jahres abgeschlossen ist
Program driven by reinterpreted geophysical data and new gravity survey targets adjacent to existing North and South Zone deposits
(TSX:ASND)(OTCQX:ASDRF)(FRA:2D9) (&quot;Ascendant&quot; or the &quot;Company&quot;) &quot;) is pleased to announce that it has initiated a targeted exploration program at its Lagoa Salgada VMS Project
The drill program has been initiated to test promising Massive and Semi-Massive Sulphide targets based on a combination of IP
and detailed gravity signatures conducted over and surrounding the existing Venda Nova North and South Zone deposits
These holes have also been designed to further infill
the resources within the Venda Nova North and South Zones; 
Drilling is expected to be completed by year end
Initial drill holes are planned in the North Zone
targeting potential additional Massive Sulphide lenses offset to the South-West and underneath the existing PMS zone at the Venda Nova North deposit
This target represents an opportunity to expand the known high-grade massive sulphide mineralization in the North deposit
Targeting is based on the interpretation of the high-density anomaly announced earlier this year (Press Release dated February 28
the second drill hole is expected to intercept copper Stringer mineralization to refine the outline of this domain and improve the estimates in the current model
Additional drill holes are targeted in the South Zone of Venda Nova with a similar focus to expand the overall resource potential
Detailed gravimetric surveying has identified a gravity anomaly up-dip and on the western flank of the inferred portion of the Stockwork zone which has a similar signature to the Semi-Massive zone encountered on the eastern flank
This dense material also sits above the potential Cu-rich corridors and
could relate to massive to semi-massive sulphides
The scientific and technical information in this press release has been reviewed and approved by Sergio Gelcich
who is a Qualified Person as defined in National Instrument 43-101
Ascendant Resources is a Toronto-based mining company focused on the exploration and development of the highly prospective Lagoa Salgada VMS project located on the prolific Iberian Pyrite Belt in Portugal
The Lagoa Salgada project is a high-grade polymetallic project
demonstrating a typical mineralization endowment of zinc
Extensive exploration upside potential lies both near deposit and at prospective step-out targets across the large 7,209-hectare property concession
Located just 80km from Lisbon and surrounded by exceptional infrastructure
Lagoa Salgada offers a low-cost entry to a significant exploration and development opportunity
already showing its mineable scale and cashflow generation potential
Ascendant currently holds an 80% interest in the Lagoa Salgada project through its position in Redcorp - Empreendimentos Mineiros, Lda, (&quot;Redcorp&quot;). The Company's common shares are principally listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol &quot;ASND&quot;. For more information on Ascendant, please visit our website at <a rel="nofollow noopener" rel="nofollow" href="https://pr.report/3yum">http://www.ascendantresources.com/</a>
Additional information relating to the Company is available on SEDAR+ at <a rel="nofollow noopener" rel="nofollow" href="https://pr.report/3yun">www.sedarplus.ca</a>
Mike McAllisterVice President, Investor RelationsTel: +1-647-805-5662<a rel="nofollow noopener" rel="nofollow" href="mailto:mmcallister@ascendantresources.com">mmcallister@ascendantresources.com</a>
This press release contains statements that constitute &quot;forward-looking information&quot; (collectively
&quot;forward-looking statements&quot;) within the meaning of the applicable Canadian securities legislation
are forward-looking statements and are based on expectations
estimates and projections as at the date of this news release
future events or performance (often but not always using phrases such as &quot;expects&quot;
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statisticians thought that all information about a system could be represented in terms of statistical correlations among its variables
it is recognized that the concept of causal information goes beyond that of correlation
compare the statistical statement “the number of cars is correlated with the amount of air pollution” and the causal statement “cars cause air pollution.” The statistical statement goes both ways: Knowing there are more cars
The causal statement tells us more; namely
but not vice versa—polluting the air by other means (say by building factories) will not affect the number of cars
Causal information is different from correlations because it tells us how the system changes under interventions
statistical and causal information are related by the Reichenbach’s principle
This principle states that two correlated variables must have a common cause: either one is a cause of the other or there is a third variable that is a common cause of both
the correlation will disappear if probabilities are conditioned to the common cause
the incidence of tsunamis in Chile is statistically correlated with that of tsunamis in Japan
the combined probability for two tsunamis is greater than the product of the separate probabilities for tsunamis in Chile and Japan
If we condition the tsunamis’ probabilities on the knowledge that an earthquake has occurred in the Pacific basin
then we should find that the events are independent: the combined (conditional) probability of the two is equal to the product of the separate (conditional) probabilities
the news that a tsunami occurred in Chile no longer gives us any extra information about the probability that a tsunami occurred in Japan
Reichenbach’s conditional independence suggests that the earthquake might be the common cause of the tsunamis in the two regions
Besides providing clues about causal relationships
conditional independence relations tell us how to update the probability of an event based on new information related to the event—a procedure called Bayesian inference
The two types of inference (Bayesian and causal)
A quantum extension of such models should provide a framework for both
It should also tell us how to derive conditional independence relations
which in turn allow us to perform Bayesian updating of probabilities
Finding a model that meets both of these requirements has been challenging
instead of considering the conditional independence of tsunamis in Chile and Japan
their approach would consider whether creating or preventing earthquakes (an intervention) would trigger or suppress the tsunami events through physical processes
This model allowed causal relationships to be defined
but it lacked the conditional independences with which to perform Bayesian inference
Building on the work of Costa and Shrapnel
Allen and his colleagues set out to restore conditional independence as a prerequisite for common causes
they took advantage of an old physical argument that derives Reichenbach’s principle by assuming that statistical data are the result of a deterministic model
rolling dice in a casino might appear random
by a croupier whose skills allow him to determine the outcome of each throw
While it is debatable whether quantum systems are compatible with this type of determinism
they are compatible with another type of determinism called unitary evolution
A process is called unitary if it conserves quantum information
Compatibility with unitarity is a central tenet of quantum mechanics
realized that by replacing “deterministic” with “unitary” in Reichenbach’s principle they could obtain a new version of quantum causal models
their quantum version of the Reichenbach principle allowed them to relate conditional independence to quantum causal relationships like those described in Costa and Shrapnel’s model
these conditional independence relations could then be used to perform Bayesian inference
Allen et al.’s result combines both causal interventions and Bayesian inference into a single model
are still exploring a range of alternative quantum causal theories
But the new model by Allen and colleagues is the first to meet all requirements of a quantum causal model
providing a uniquely quantum definition of causality
we may find that quantum mechanics has a causal interpretation
We might also reveal the mechanisms that are behind observed correlations and pinpoint the interventions that manipulate such mechanisms
this would amount to bringing back some cause-effect “intuition” into the spooky and bizarre world of quantum mechanics
This research is published in   <a target="xrefwindow" href="https://journals.aps.org/prx" id="d5e155">Physical Review X</a>
Jacques Pienaar is a postdoctoral researcher at the International Institute of Physics in Natal
for the thesis "Causality violation and non-linear quantum mechanics." His main topics of research are quantum information and quantum foundations
with a special focus on questions related to causality and relativity
<a href="https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.031021">Phys. Rev. X 7,  031021 (2017)</a>
Two independent teams have searched for axions using x-ray observations of entire galaxies, setting some of the strictest constraints to date on the properties of these dark matter candidates.<a href="/articles/v18/93"> Read More &raquo;</a>
Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider have revealed a previously unseen nucleus known as antihyperhelium-4.<a href="/articles/v18/s51"> Read More &raquo;</a>
The planned MUonE experiment could—in addition to studying the muon’s magnetic moment—search for dark matter particles.<a href="/articles/v18/s50"> Read More &raquo;</a>
Researchers have shown that they can distribute quantum keys under realistic conditions using commercial lasers
Student enrollment and guaranteed financial support are expected to fall amid anticipation of federal budget cuts
Two independent teams have searched for axions using x-ray observations of entire galaxies
setting some of the strictest constraints to date on the properties of these dark matter candidates
<a href="/browse/?page=1&amp;article_type=feature"> More Recent Articles &raquo;</a>
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Her family raised cattle for meat and grew crops like beans
Jeane’s house is surrounded by some 80 wind turbines
A labyrinth of roads connects the towers while transmission lines snake from one corner of a field to another
the area went from a desolate landscape to becoming a major 450 million euro ($474 million) wind park
a major Italian energy company with hundreds of Brazilian subsidiaries
Jeane and more than a dozen residents in the area claim that Enel and Maestro Holding de Energia
stripped them of their territory in order to pursue their renewable energy objectives
a lawyer representing these residents in lawsuits against the companies
says Maestro and Enel’s actions amount to a pernicious form of “land-grabbing.” Enel and Maestro Holding deny these claims
Jeane&#8217;s case is part of a much wider trend that experts label as “green grabbing,” a process by which energy companies obtain access to large swaths of common land to produce clean renewable energy. A<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01346-2" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external"> Nature study</a> looking at mass appropriation of land across Brazil
found that Enel was the largest foreign parent owner of renewable energy projects
IrpiMedia and Intercept Brasil combed through hundreds of court records and company documents
spoke to tens of residents — including Indigenous and Quilombola communities — living near Enel wind parks in the states of Bahia and Piauí to understand how the Italian multinational has become one of the biggest players in renewable energy in Brazil
The investigative team uncovered multiple potential cases involving land-grabbing by acquiring public land used by residents and exploiting the fact that many people in these areas don’t have documents to prove they own a piece of land and don’t officially register the geographical boundaries of the territories they occupy or own
Companies expand their territorial boundaries
swallowing up these unregistered areas and incorporating their land into their renewable energy projects
Enel relies on local intermediary companies known as “developers” to handle the often-contentious process of securing land access
These companies often employ aggressive tactics to strike contracts with local landowners and acquire public land occupied by residents
They then lease these territories to Enel to build wind or solar parks on
The Rome-headquartered multinational is not directly involved in these questionable practices
but the fact that its operations are critically dependent on them raises serious questions about their complicity
The investigation identified numerous lawsuits filed by private citizens against developers seeking land for Enel
and by Enel itself against residents of the areas affected by their projects
“The company strictly complies with legal requirements
industry regulations and complies with all environmental requirements,” Enel’s press office in São Paulo tells this investigation
The areas where the company installs wind turbines or solar panels are private properties with a regular attestation of regularity from the point of view of land ownership.” Enel Italia
I did not do my work very well,” says Alessandra Diz
“But when it starts happening again and again
[…] you cannot say that you didn’t see or you didn&#8217;t know.”
“Enel obviously knows &#8230; what is happening and in fact engages with contractors to whom it delegates the dirty work,” says an Enel employee
While no source interviewed by this investigation contested the importance of renewable energies in tackling the climate crisis
policymakers and government officials all agreed that doing so must account for the social and political realities of local residents
“We are not against development of energy projects,” says Maria Rosalina dos Santos
who represents the Quilombola community in the state of Piauí for the Quilombola rights organization CONAQ
“But we want development alongside involvement — where people are heard
which includes boosting investments in Brazil to $3.7 billion
the northeast region has the best wind in the world for the production of wind energy,” says Elbia Gannoum
chief executive officer of the Brazilian Wind Energy Association
an organization representing major wind energy companies in Brazil
Facilitating this process of expansion, in 2020, the state of Bahia <a href="https://sasop.org.br/2020/11/bahia-cede-areas-de-comunidades-tradicionais-para-producao-de-energia-eolica/" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">passed a </a>regulatory guideline that simplifies obtaining environmental licenses and promotes land regularization in areas with high wind potential
This investigation has seen that many of these areas overlap with public lands occupied by low-income
small-scale farmers who cultivate the land for food
raise animals and use water sources around them
“You have a clash of interest,” says Michael Klingler
lead author of the Nature study and researcher in economic sustainable development at BOKU University
“There are the traditional communities who are fighting for decades to be recognized in terms of land rights and now there is the new pressure by wind power enterprises.” 
Enel has more than 1,000 wind turbines active or under construction
IrpiMedia and Intercept Brasil identified numerous lawsuits between Enel subsidiaries in Brazil and individuals
revealing several hotly contested disputes related to land-grabbing
environmental harm and compensation for damages incurred
Jeane and dozens of other farmers living in the area say that its construction has come at the expense of their livelihoods
Jeane and other residents who don’t have documents officially recognizing their rights to the land
claim they are the rightful “possessors” because they’ve lived on and used it for decades
The Brazilian <a href="https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2002/l10406compilada.htm" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">civil code</a> defends this right
any of the powers inherent to ownership is considered to be the owner.”
But Maestro and Enel claim that the land was acquired and leased to them in previous years in order to build the Aroeira wind park and accuse the residents of “dispossessing” them
The dispute traces back to the early 2000s
when Maestro first approached the community
A Maestro employee would spend time with the residents and assured the locals that their houses would remain theirs
“We would think he was our friend,” she says
Maestro went on to secure multiple areas by buying land or setting up contracts
Jeane says she was asked by an Enel employee to map out her territory
‘Make a map of your land so we can locate everything correctly so we can get it right.’” Jeane hired a topographer to do this and relayed the information
a wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 150 meters (492 feet) stands erect within the confines of the map she produced
according to coordinates shared with IrpiMedia and Intercept Brasil
Maestro filed a lawsuit to reclaim possession of the area
saying that “more than 2 billion reais [$322.8 million] have already been invested for wind power generation,” and that such blockages had led to “incalculable damages.”
According to Carneiro and to Jeane’s husband
military police intervened to clear the protest
Maestro hired private security guards who denied the residents access to the contested land for more than two months
during which time Jeane and her husband lost several cattle
The residents regained entry to the land as the court overturned the decision
but Maestro’s security continued to monitor entry for more than a year
both Maestro and Enel have filed separate lawsuits against residents
saying the land these locals live on falls under two territories they’ve gained access to over the years
alleging that their assertions are based on deceitful practices involving georeferencing
Jeane’s case involves residents without real-estate documents
but IrpiMedia and Intercept Brasil found similar cases for people with the relevant paperwork
is a rural farmer in Umburanas who has official documents to prove this
Sandoval hadn’t yet officially registered the geographical boundaries of his estate
a process known as “georeferencing” that in 2023 was made mandatory only for rural properties larger than 25 hectares (about 62 acres)
Georeferencing can be bureaucratic and expensive
as it requires hiring a surveyor or civil engineer to take a geographic measurement of the area
When Sandoval attempted to georeference his property
His property was already listed under the confines of “Fazenda Montevidéu,” an area that belongs to Maestro and that was leased to entities owned by Enel
Sandoval had struck a leasing contract with Maestro Holding that allowed him to remain its official owner
Sandoval tried to make Maestro remove it from its geographical boundaries but they offered him $1 million reais (about $160,000) for his property instead
He initially refused but eventually settled for an undisclosed sum
The property was then leased to Enel to build its wind turbines
There are now five wind turbines on his former property
Maestro Holding de Energia did not respond to the questions sent
While some who have worked in the sector say georeferencing is a much-needed tool to officially define the boundaries of people’s lands
others say it can be used as a new and insidious form of land-grabbing
one of the earliest companies to get involved in land regularization in the country
regularly used georeferencing to acquire new land
according to a former employee of the company who prefers to remain anonymous
They would then either lease or sell these areas to companies interested in developing wind or solar farms
The first step involved sending employees to scout areas with high wind or solar potential
they would try to strike as many leasing contracts with these people as possible
“I would visit the area like a salesman,” says Julio Passos
“I [would] get to know each of the owners of the farms of the sites that are located there that are within our area of interest and I talk to all of them
“The company does not give up easily,” he says
“I&#8217;ll always be there trying to convince them
Casa Dos Ventos would set up a preliminary contract to secure the land and then get the paperwork done on their behalf
Casa Dos Ventos resorted to a “forced regularisation” process
whereby the company found an old house registration and created a new georeference for it that expanded beyond its original boundaries and ultimately absorbed other areas of interest
was listed as having around 20 hectares [49 acres]
ended up having 200 hectares [494 acres] due to a new georeference,” said the former employee of Casa Dos Ventos who preferred to remain anonymous
Employees would end up incorporating “unidentified squatters” or people “with little economic means,” into their wind projects
Casa Dos Ventos and other companies in the business of land regularization employ aggressive tactics when trying to set up contracts
professor of legal sciences at the Federal University of Paraíba
These companies are in fierce competition with each other and will sometimes wait outside churches
seek people out at bars in the evenings or knock directly on their doors to try and secure a land deal
Passos says he tried to take a cautious approach but acknowledges that insisting was part of company culture
“The company always asked for something more aggressive
another former employee at Casa Dos Ventos echoes Passos’ sentiment and says this competition tended to benefit the communities as it brought money and jobs
“Competition wasn&#8217;t something that people did like that
The contracts these companies set up are highly secretive and often contain a clause forbidding information to be disclosed
IrpiMedia and Intercept Brasil obtained eight different contracts between local energy companies and individuals
Contracts can last more than 40 years and automatically renew for decades more
effectively granting companies access to these lands for multiple generations
They also pay small sums: Casa Dos Ventos compensates between €16 ($16.90) and €85 ($89.50) per month prior to the wind turbine becoming operational and later 1.5% of the revenue made
I believe [rates] could certainly improve,” says Passos
“But I don&#8217;t think they will because these are billion-dollar projects.”
many local residents are attracted by the prospect of additional income and they sign
Many find it difficult to fully understand these legal texts
employees of developers desperate to sign a contract will sometimes make promises that the company itself had never set out
such as paying for all expenses and overdue taxes
No contracts between Enel and individuals were found during this investigation
contain a clause that effectively transfers all rights related to the contractor to those to whom they end up leasing or selling the land
Diz explains that having this clause is typically a requirement for Enel
as it ensures that the project can be purchased as it is
minimizing the possibility of further negotiations
“If [Enel] has to start another discussion
Casa Dos Ventos did not respond to a request for comment submitted by this investigation
tens of people living close to Enel-developed wind turbines say their quality of life has deteriorated as a result of these constructions
The noise also affects the health and well-being of the animals they tend to
that’s what makes us most sad,” says Maria Francisca Ferreira
Enel stated its wind turbines are always built at least 400 m (1,312 ft) from homes
Others struggle with the vast amount of dust kicked up as vehicles carrying heavy equipment driving past their houses on dirt roads
“My wife cleans the house two or three times a day,” says Jeremias Da Cruz
a goat farmer from the Quilombola community in Lagoa
Enel built a short strip of asphalt and a speed bump next to the entrance of his house
as vans will often slow down and accelerate right in front of the house
Multiple Indigenous and Quilombola community leaders told IrpiMedia and Intercept Brasil that their respective communities were never approached or invited to meetings about the renewable projects
said that Enel never had meetings with their community
She said a meeting took place in Queimada Nova when they first arrived
but none of the Indigenous or Quilombola communities in the area had been invited
a gathering of representatives from different municipalities was held
“The ones who were there were businessmen because they came looking for businessmen.”
Yet, Enel’s 2023 human rights policy<a href="https://www.enel.com/content/dam/enel-com/documenti/investitori/sostenibilita/diritti-umani/managing-human-rights_2023.pdf" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external"> document</a> lists “relations with communities and societies” as one of its 12 core principles
“Communities located within a maximum radius of 8 km [5 mi] from the project site are involved in participatory studies to assess the risks and impacts generated by the works,” says Enel
Community members in the area say they feel their culture and way of life have been upended by the influx of shops
traffic and nonlocal people brought to these normally quiet areas
“No one dared to go out on the roads anymore
children no longer played in the yard — everything changed,” says dos Santos
the high cost of living arrived in the market and has lasted to this day
Local officials acknowledge these problems but ultimately say they bring jobs and money to regions of Brazil that have historically been neglected
the gains are much greater than the problems,” says Valney Dias
secretary of administration of the municipality of Dom Inocêncio
As Enel continues to expand into new territories
with more than 100 wind turbines in construction and 12 approved solar parks
the future for these communities looks bleak
Bracing themselves, many communities have banded together in resistance. One community successfully protested a test wind tower to get it down. Others have officially registered their land to shield themselves against potential land-grabbing attempts. <a href="https://www.dossienergiasrenovaveis.com.br/dossie.pdf" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">Some have held workshops</a> to discuss their experiences and rights
is not to block a renewable energy transition
but to steer it so that it can benefit everyone
This investigation by  IrpiMedia and Intercept Brasil was developed with the support of Journalismfund Europe
Klingler, M., Ameli, N., Rickman, J., &amp; Schmidt, J. (2024). Large-scale green grabbing for wind and solar photovoltaic development in Brazil. Nature Sustainability, 7(6), 747-757. doi:<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01346-2" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">10.1038/s41893-024-01346-2</a>
Banner image: Wind turbines close to quilombola communities of Queimada Nova
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The “fortress conservation” model is under pressure in East Africa
as protected areas become battlegrounds over history
and global efforts to halt biodiversity loss
Mongabay’s Special Issue goes beyond the region’s world-renowned safaris to examine how rural communities and governments are reckoning with conservation’s colonial origins
and trying to forge a path forward [&hellip;]
The airport has been swallowed whole by this unnatural rift in the earth's crust
And now there's a new reality-warping curiosity to visit
This yawning chasm appears to first have been found <a data-analytics-id="inline-link" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/MicrosoftFlightSim/comments/j04j3m/what_a_nice_vie/" target="_blank" data-url="https://www.reddit.com/r/MicrosoftFlightSim/comments/j04j3m/what_a_nice_vie/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" data-hl-processed="none">by ReversedWindow</a> on Reddit
who was brave enough to taxi an airplane right on down inside it
As you plunge into the pit you can actually see a small airstrip at the bottom
which is apparently a small airfield in Brazil
and it'll come up if you search for it on the world map in Microsoft Flight Simulator
Those weird monoliths we saw were most likely caused by an typo (buildings entered as 200 floors tall instead of 2)
and perhaps this airfield's elevation above sea level was entered incorrectly into a spreadsheet somewhere as well
causing this bizarre pit that looks like a black hole is trying to suck the planet up from the inside
Since the Lagoa Nova airstrip is at the bottom of the chasm
you can also set it as your departure airport
which spawns your plane on the airstrip way down in the hole
Be warned: taking off from it will be next to impossible
but at least you'll be able to briefly visit another dimension
I couldn't quite bring my plane's nose up to vertical because I'm flying a plane
Keep up to date with the most important stories and the best deals
Thanks, <a data-analytics-id="inline-link" href="https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2020/09/29/a-perfectly-normal-abyss-has-appeared-in-microsoft-flight-sim/" target="_blank" data-url="https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2020/09/29/a-perfectly-normal-abyss-has-appeared-in-microsoft-flight-sim/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" data-hl-processed="none">RPS</a>
<a href="https://www.pcgamer.com/uk/author/christopher-livingston/" target="_self" class="link author__name_link" data-before-rewrite-localise="https://www.pcgamer.com/uk/author/christopher-livingston/">Christopher Livingston</a>Social Links Navigation<a class="button-social   " href="mailto:clivingston@pcgamer.com" target="_self" aria-label="EMAIL"></a>Senior EditorChris started playing PC games in the 1980s
started writing about them in the early 2000s
and (finally) started getting paid to write about them in the late 2000s
Following a few years as a regular freelancer
probably so he'd stop emailing them asking for more work
Chris has a love-hate relationship with survival games and an unhealthy fascination with the inner lives of NPCs
He's also a fan of offbeat simulation games
and ignoring storylines in RPGs so he can make up his own
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District-scale Polymetallic Project in the Prolific Iberian Pyrite Belt
Ascendant currently holds a 80% interest in the Lagoa Salgada project through its position in Redcorp - Empreendimentos Mineiros
The Venda Nova deposit at Lagoa Salgada contains over 10.33 million tonnes of measured and indicated resources @ 9.06 percent ZnEq and 2.50 million tonnes of inferred resources @ 5.93 percent ZnEq in the North Zone; and 4.42 million tonnes of indicated resources @ 1.50 percent CuEq and 10.83 million tonnes of inferred resources @ 1.35 percent CuEq in the South Zone
The deposit demonstrates typical mineralization characteristics of Iberian Pyrite Belt VMS deposits containing zinc
In line with its commitment to <a href="https://www.ascendantresources.com/English/Responsibility/default.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">a strong ESG rating</a> and to decrease operating cost
Ascendant has plans to build a solar farm to power the Lagoa Salgada project operations
An expert management team with experience throughout the natural resources industry guides the company toward realizing the potential of the Lagoa Salgada project
Expertise includes in-country experience and a track record of leading projects from exploration to production
 Get access to more exclusive Gold Investing Stock profiles <a href="https://investingnews.com/company-profiles/" target="_self" title="https://investingnews.com/company-profiles/">here</a>
Investing News Network websites or approved third-party tools use cookies. Please refer to the <a href="https://www.iubenda.com/privacy-policy/8095067/cookie-policy?an=no&s_ck=false&newmarkup=yes" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">cookie policy</a> for collected data
ripping a massive hole out of a field in South America
I very much hope this is a simple computing error - has anyone actually been outside to check lately
As <a href="https://kotaku.com/that-s-not-right-1845218622">Kotaku</a> report, the terrible pit seems to have been first <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/MicrosoftFlightSim/comments/j04j3m/what_a_nice_vie/">discovered by Redditor ReversedWindow</a>
the surrounding forest appears to bend and bleed downwards
with time and space beginning to unravel just as the clip unceremoniously ends
In a somewhat less cursed fly-by from Larry Kyrala
you can get a good idea of where to find Flight Sim's abyss
It doesn't take long before the pilot spots something unnatural under the horizon
In the video description for the above tour
Kyrala reckons the fault lies in a simple elevation data mistake
"It seems that the local terrain is around 12000 ft
but SBLG may not have proper field elevation data available
so for whatever reason the field elevation appears to be much lower (2690 ft) than the actual ground
That does seem to track with other observations, including one Redditor who <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/MicrosoftFlightSim/comments/j11ezs/i_made_a_interstellar_reedit_of_the_video/?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share">mashed up his voyage into the pit with Interstellar</a> (of course)
you can see the pit form around the shape of the runway at Lagoa Nova Airport
a strip of concrete caught miles beneath the Earth
torn between our world and the extradimensional one Matthew McConaughey lives in
In less existentially horrifying Flight Sim news, Xbox Game Studios and Asobo today <a href="https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/microsoft-flight-sim-descends-on-an-improved-japan-today">released their first World Update</a>. The free patch adds a ton of high-quality assets to Japan, including six hand-crafted airports and six more photogrammetry-scanned cities. 
At time of writing, none of these have been devoured by The Hole.
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The main goal of Tropical Medicine Institute is to consolidate, in infectious diseases, the community service, teaching and research. The strategic goal is the education of highly qualified human resources in science and technology in the medical area and the generation of a center for the diagnosis, treatment and research, especially in the area of the diseases neglected by centers of more advanced regions. Those diseases are also prevalent in Africa and Asia.
others started venturing out in search of the glitch
Taking off from the unlisted Lagoa Nova Airport (SBLG) airport in the nimble DA40 Diamond Star light aircraft
one player named Larry Kyrala was able to survey the anomaly from above
Hopefully Microsoft doesn’t get around to fixing it any time soon
Highlights of the 2023 Definitive Feasibility Study include:
(TSX: ASND) (FRA: 2D9) ("Ascendant" or the "Company") is pleased to announce results of its initial NI 43-101 Feasibility Study ("FS") for its Venda Nova deposit at its Lagoa Salgada VMS Project in Portugal
based upon an updated Mineral Reserves and Resources Estimate
The completion of the FS satisfies Ascendant's earn-in option requirements to move to 80% ownership
subject to closing documentation with all other conditions having previously been met
a multidisciplinary engineering and consulting company with more than 25 years of experience in Europe
design and engineering was undertaken by IGAN INGENIERÍA
an independent consulting firm specializing in mine planning and engineering for open pit and underground mining projects and operations based in Spain
The DFS is based on the NI 43-101 Mineral Resource estimate completed by MICON International dated May 31
2023 and Mineral Reserves estimate completed by IGAN dated June 16
Golder Associates has been engaged to provide a comprehensive peer review of the entire report
The FS report will be posted to the Company's profile on SEDAR imminently
"We are very pleased to have completed this initial feasibility study for the Venda Nova deposit at Lagoa Salgada
It is the first comprehensive study covering all aspects of the operations required for the commercialization of the project
It will also serve to secure our 80% interest in what is proving to be a robust project
even at this very early stage in its development
Lagoa Salgada remains a discovery project with significant upside potential expected as we optimize these results and as we continue to expand the resource base." 
"We believe the results of the FS demonstrate a solid
economically robust project for what has always been the initial development phase for the larger potential we see for the Lagoa Salgada property
Given the nature of VMS deposits to occur in clusters on the Iberian Pyrite Belt
we see evidence of potential for several more deposits to be defined in the coming years to enhance the overall value proposition at Lagoa
we expect these results to support our current financing discussions and construction decision in the coming months." 
While completing the FS satisfies the requirements for Ascendant to earn an 80% interest in the project as required under the Earn In Option agreement
the Company believes that with additional time now available
the following near-term optimization opportunities exist to further enhance the FS prior to commencing development work over the next six months
The Company's initial focus will be as follows:
The Lagoa Salgada Project is located within the north-western section of the prolific Iberian Pyrite Belt ("IBP") in Portugal
accessible by national highways and existing roads
The Project is comprised of a single exploration permit covering an area of approximately 7,209 hectares
polymetallic zinc-lead-copper development and exploration opportunity in a low risk
established and prolific jurisdiction where the project has been accorded a Project of National Interest ("PIN") status
below outlines the initial NI 43-101 Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves Estimate prepared by IGAN Ingenieria upon which the FS was based
Table 2 provides the updated Mineral Resource Estimate
("Micon") identified for the Lagoa Salgada project to date
Infill drilling in 2022 focused upon upgrading sufficient high-grade mineralization in the North Zone and part of the mineralization in the South Zone to the Measured and Indicated categories to support the completion of the FS
Future drilling is expected to add additional Resources as the project moves forward to extend the overall mine life and it should be noted both the North and South zones remain open to future expansion along strike and at depth for future exploration
several regional exploration targets have been identified for future exploration work to further increase the known mineral resources on the property
thereby extending the overall mine life and/or potentially supporting a future expansion
The estimated Proven and Probable Reserves total 14.6 million metric tons (Mt)
with 7.0Mt in the North Zone having an NSR of 84.1 $/t
and 7.6Mt in the South Zone with an NSR of 49.6 $/t
sufficient to support an initial mine life of 14+ years based upon a throughput rate of 1.2Mtpa through the plant as outlined in the FS
Reserves were defined using an NSR calculation based upon current metallurgical recoveries
The project has converted 77% of its Measured and Indicated resources into reserves: additionally there are 0.5Mt at a grade of 6.62% ZnEq in the North Zone and 8.13Mt at a grade of 1.16% CuEq in the South Zone of Inferred Resource
Additional drilling is required to upgrade these additional resources to the Measured and Indicated categories
NSR cut-off grades were established following Mortimer's approach to cut-off grades (Hall
Table 1a: NSR cut-off values per mining method and material
Table 2: Mineral Resources (Inclusive of Reserves)
the mine is designed using a single access ramp from surface and will target the extraction of ore from the North and South Zones at a rate of 1.2 million tonnes per annum ("Mtpa")
Mining will be undertaken by targeting the various sub domains within the ore deposit to maximize metallurgical recovery
the sub domains reflect a precious metal rich gossan layer above a Massive Sulphide layer (further divided into a Transition and Primary layer) and a layer of stockwork mineralization each with its own metallurgical characteristics
The mining methods defined are a combination of transverse sublevel stoping and cut &amp; fill
Paste backfill is to be used for both mining methods to maximize ore recovery and productivity while minimizing surface tailing disposition
The initial years will focus on mining the higher-grade gossan and massive sulphide zones in the North Zone
followed by the South Zone as underground access is developed in the early years of the operation to the South zone
Mining will be conducted using an owner operated electric fleet which will reduce operating costs
Figure 2. Underground Mine Design<a href="https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2161606/Ascendant_Resources_Inc__ASCENDANT_RESOURCES_ANNOUNCES_POST_TAX.jpg?p=original" target="_blank" rel="noopener" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','scrollbars=1,resizable=1,location=0,menubar=0,status=0,toolbar=0,left='+(screen.availWidth/2-600)+',top='+(screen.availHeight/2-400)+',width=1200, height=800');return false;"></a>
(In blue the main ramps and accesses and in green and violet the ore blocks to be mined)
Metallurgical test work was completed by Grinding Solutions ("GSL") in Cornwall
Confirmatory test work was developed by Maelgwyn Mineral Services
South Africa to confirm metal recoveries and saleable concentrates have been achieved in principal domains
Further testing is required to confirm and improve on current results as fully optimized circuit adjustments are developed
The Company notes that its consultants have indicated that the actual performance of operating mines in the region have typically seen an improvement in concentrate quality once an industrial scale operation is in production as compared to lab testing
The approach to flowsheet development was to prepare representative master composites for each ore type
then proceed through open circuit to identify and optimize flowsheet conditions and reagent schemes
Locked cycle tests were then conducted on principal master composites to demonstrate the anticipated overall metallurgical performance within a closed circuit
Tests were completed on blends of Primary Massive Sulphide (PMS)
Transition Massive Sulphide (TMS) and Stringer (STR) ores to allow comparison with individual composite results and to assess the viability of co‐processing the ore types
Mineralogical assessments were undertaken to provide information to refine the comminution/beneficiation process during optimization
and to provide reasonable expectations for metallurgical performance versus mineral liberation and association within each ore type
Samples from various open and locked cycle test products were used to characterize final concentrates and tailings
The developed metallurgical models were applied to mine production schedules as part of the financial modelling process
The resulting average recoveries over the life of the mine (LOM) are presented in the table below:
Table 4 below highlights the concentrate grade profile as determined by the various metallurgical testwork
These results are largely inline with other regional producers
The Project will produce four concentrates
The mineral treatment plant is based on industry standard methods and will mainly consist of different process areas where the mineral will be crushed
and then fed to several flotation processes where Cu
Zn and Sn concentrates and Au/Ag dore bars will be produced
the remaining process areas will be configured depending on the mineral domain being processed
The mined material goes through a grizzly feeder and primary jaw crusher
and then onto a grinding circuit which consists of a SAG mill
and vertical mill in a closed circuit with hydrocyclones
The material is discharged into a vibrating screen
with rejected pebbles recirculated to a pebble crusher
Grinded material will feed the copper and lead flotation circuit
that includes aeration and conditioning tanks
The circuit can produce bulk or separate Cu and Pb concentrates depending on the mineral domain being processed
feed the sulphide flotation circuit to remove sulphides before concentrating tin minerals
while the concentrate is pumped to the tailings management area
The tin recovery circuit will consist of flotation and gravimetric concentration technologies
Flotation includes conditioner and aeration tanks
with intermediate tin concentrate being processed using multi-gravity separators to increase the final tin grade
Figure 3. Simplified Process Flow Diagram<a href="https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2161625/Ascendant_Resources_Inc__ASCENDANT_RESOURCES_ANNOUNCES_POST_TAX.jpg?p=original" target="_blank" rel="noopener" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','scrollbars=1,resizable=1,location=0,menubar=0,status=0,toolbar=0,left='+(screen.availWidth/2-600)+',top='+(screen.availHeight/2-400)+',width=1200, height=800');return false;"></a>
The Lagoa Salgada Project will be developed on a greenfield site located in close proximity to the Grândola municipality
which benefits from well-established infrastructure
Transportation of supplies will be facilitated by trucks from Portugal or Spanish locations
while concentrate products will initially be shipped to the Sines port by road (47km) and subsequently by ship to final destinations
The project site will have a compact layout that incorporates essential components such as the tailings storage facility
The processing facilities will consist of a primary crusher building
The mine will be accessed via a portal and the ore will be brought to the surface and stored as stockpiles
while waste stockpiles will be utilized for constructing the embankments of the Tailings Storage Facility
The mine plan outlines the processing of 14.8 Mt of ore and the generation of 1.9 Mt of waste rock
After accounting for concentrate and underground backfill
Upfront capital costs are estimated at US$164 million inclusive of US$12 million in contingency
A further US$102.9 million of sustaining capital is planned over the 14.5 year mine life
Pay back is in the order of 2 years with an after-tax IRR of 39%
Operating costs are summarized in Table 6 below
All costs are based on a mining rate of 1.2Mtpa and relied on recent quotes from various vendors which are consistent with other mines in the region
Life of Mine C1 Cash Costs are estimated at US$0.67/lb and All-In Sustaining Costs are US$0.71/lb over the life of mine
The chart below highlights the expected production and AISC profile at Venda Nova as per the FS
Production and cash flows are expected to be stronger in the early years as the processing of the higher-grade massive sulphide and gossan material is undertaken
Production over the mine life is expected to average 77 million lbs of Zinc equivalent production per year but averages approximately 124 million lbs of Zinc equivalent production over the first five years
AISC will average US$0.71/lb per year LOM and US$0.59/lb over the first five years on a ZnEq basis
The Venda Nova project at Lagoa Salgada shows strong robust economics with a Post-Tax NPV at an 8% discount rate of US$147 million and an IRR of 39% for a payback period of 2 years at long term consensus metal price assumptions
Project economics are based on the current Proven and Probable Reserves only for a mine life of 14.5 years and does not factor in the upgrading of additional resources or potential future exploration success
The mine is expected to benefit from regional tax incentives in Portugal
Contractual fiscal incentives for productive investment in Portugal offers a validity period of up to 10 years for investment projects with relevant expenditures amounting to €3,000,000 or more
The fiscal benefit corresponds to 10% of the project's relevant expenditures
and this rate can be increased based on factors like the location of the project and the creation of jobs
The benefit takes the form of a tax credit deducted from the corporate income tax liability
there are provisions for exemptions or reductions in municipal property tax
These contractual fiscal incentives aim to attract productive investments
The incentives provide companies with tax benefits
encouraging investment in various sectors and regions
the maximum tax benefit is determined by considering the lower value between €24.75 million (Maximum regional aid intensity applicable) or 15% of the initial investment
The application method for this incentive involves a 50% reduction in income tax (equivalent to 21% of the taxable income) until the maximum amount of tax benefit is attained
The chart below demonstrates the robust free cash flow generation expected
especially in the first five years of operation
Cash flows during the first five years of production are estimated to average US$56 million per annum
The chart below highlights the NPV sensitivity to changes in capital costs
various input costs and Zinc price assumptions
The completion of the Feasibility study completes the requirements by Ascendant to Earn an 80% ownership in the project as required under the Option Earn-In agreement
The Company believes that with additional time now available
the following near term optimization opportunities exist to further enhance the FS prior to commencing development work over the next six months
the Company has identified additional areas to further increase the value of the Lagao Salgada project such as;
An NI 43-101 Technical Report supporting the DFS is being prepared by Quadrante under the guidance of Mr
who serves as Project Director at QUADRANTE and is a "Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects
Although the Qualified Person was not responsible for the completion of some of the sections of the DFS
the Qualified Person at Quadrante has relied on the Qualified Persons listed below who are the specialists in these fields for completion of their respective portions of the DFS
The scientific and technical information contained in this release relating to the Geology and Mineral Resource Estimate has been approved and verified by Mr
Senior Economic Geologist with Micon International Limited
who is a "Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects
and test data underlying the Mineral Resource Estimate was also approved and verified by Mr
The Mineral Reserve calculation and the Mining Methods section was completed by IGAN Ingenieria under the supervision of Mr
who is a "Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects
The Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) study was completed by SLR under the supervision of Mr
Scientific and technical information contained in this release in relation to metallurgical test work and the Recovery Methods section has been approved and verified by Mr
who serves as Process Engineer at Minepro Solutions and is a "Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects
The Hydrogeological Study was completed by Dr
which is a Special Consultant at FRASA and is a "Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects
Pastefill Specialist at RMS and a "Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects
The scientific and technical information in this press release has been reviewed and approved by Clinton Swemmer
Chief Technical Officer for Ascendant Resources Ltd
Additional information relating to the Company, including the Preliminary Economic Assessment referenced in this news release, is available on SEDAR at <a href="https://c212.net/c/link/?t=0&amp;l=en&amp;o=3928353-1&amp;h=236688854&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globenewswire.com%2FTracker%3Fdata%3DtRBY4fEVc7WgK5l_YPJBO7byK8LLAdwv1kAD42KdU21O0hc5fleMvdLxih9v97yH4Mw4lbMhKyLkDDiS9kLHEg%3D%3D&amp;a=www.sedar.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">www.sedar.com</a>
This press release contains statements that constitute "forward-looking information" (collectively
"forward-looking statements") within the meaning of the applicable Canadian securities legislation
future events or performance (often but not always using phrases such as "expects"
"believes" or "intends" or variations of such words and phrases or stating that certain actions
"might" or "will" be taken to occur or be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking statements
<a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','scrollbars=1,resizable=1,location=0,menubar=0,status=0,toolbar=0,left='+(screen.availWidth/2-600)+',top='+(screen.availHeight/2-400)+',width=1200, height=800');return false;" href="https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2161646/Ascendant_Resources_Inc__ASCENDANT_RESOURCES_ANNOUNCES_POST_TAX.jpg?p=original" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>
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unusual mortality in farmed Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was reported at a shrimp farm in the state of Piaui in northeastern Brazil
Affected animals were lethargic and presented opacity in the second or third abdominal segments
low-level mortalities reduced the affected population by 50-70 percent
Some animals presented reddish coloration in the last abdominal segment and totally necrotic tails
Histopathological analyses showed numerous spheroids in their lymphoid organs and muscular necrosis with hemocytic infiltration
Some specimens presented necrotic lesions in the hepatopancreas
Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) has since been identified as the causative agent of the necrosis in L
the disease was reported as naturally occurring in cultured L
The nonenveloped virus was also experimentally induced in Pacific blue shrimp
stylirostris; and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
To overcome mortalities produced by IMNV in cultured L
some Brazilian shrimp farmers are testing the southern brown shrimp (Fenneropenaeus subtilis) in grow-out ponds
two 2-ha ponds were stocked with southern brown shrimp at 10 postlarvae per square meter
The animals were fed a 35 percent-crude protein commercial diet formulated for L
Dissolved-oxygen levels remained 5-8 ppm during the whole cycle
the first symptoms of IMN were noticed in animals in both ponds
the shrimp averaged 7 grams in body weight
and the survival rates in the ponds were 23 and 26 percent
Diseased shrimp presented the characteristic opacity in the abdominal muscles and necrosis of the tails
Histopathological sections stained with the salts hematoxylin and eosin showed spheroids in the lymphoid organs and focal necrosis in muscle
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was done using RNA extracted from the gills and pleopods of affected shrimp with a commercial kit for IMNV and primers designed at the University of Arizona
Results confirmed the presence of IMNV in the cultured F
and thus expanded the host range susceptibility of IMNV
(Editor&#8217;s Note: This article was originally published in the January/February 2007 print edition of the Global Aquaculture Advocate.)
… please consider supporting GSA’s mission to advance responsible seafood practices through education
The Advocate aims to document the evolution of responsible seafood practices and share the expansive knowledge of our vast network of contributors
By becoming a Global Seafood Alliance member
you’re ensuring that all of the pre-competitive work we do through member benefits
Individual membership costs just $50 a year
The Queiroz Galvão Alimentos shrimp farm and hatchery in Brazil have been working with Concepto Azul to implement a disease-prevention and genetic-breeding program that addresses ongoing impacts from infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and other pathogens.&nbsp;
Authors examined whether beta-glucans extracted from bakers yeast could improve the survival and growth of Pacific white shrimp challenged with infectious myonecrosis virus.&nbsp;
The method can shorten analysis time and has applications for IMNV diagnosis in resource-poor settings because it does not require specialized equipment.&nbsp;
the IMNV challenge method developed at the University of Arizona has shown promise as a tool to measure resistance in selected family lines of L
The Responsible Seafood Advocate supports the Global Seafood Alliance’s (GSA) mission to advance responsible seafood practices through education
Literatures and Cultures has as its main objective to offer foreign language courses to UFRN’s academic staff
students and technical staff as well as proficiency exams in order to make their mobility abroad possible
The Ágora Institute can also receive all foreign students and researchers from UFRN’s partner institutions in its Portuguese for Foreigners course
German and Portuguese for Foreigners courses and works together with Idioms without Borders
All the provision of proficiency tests in UFRN is under The Ágora Institute’s responsibility: TOEFL
Literaturas y Culturas Extranjeras Modernas tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer cursos de lengua extranjera al personal académico de la UFRN
así como exámenes de competencia para hacer posible su movilidad al extranjero
El Instituto Ágora también puede recibir gratuitamente a todos los estudiantes e investigadores extranjeros de las instituciones asociadas de la UFRN en su curso de Portugués para Extranjeros
El Instituto Ágora ofrece cursos básicos de inglés
alemán y el curso de portugués para extranjeros y trabaja junto con Idiomas sin Fronteras
el programa del Ministerio de Educación de Brasil para lenguas extranjeras
Toda la oferta de pruebas de competencia en la UFRN está bajo la responsabilidad del Instituto Ágora: TOEFL
Littératures et Cultures a comme but principal offre des cours de langues étrangères au personnel universitaire
aux étudients et également aux personnels techniciens
bien que des tests de compétence en langue étrangère pour rendre possible leurs processus de mobilité à l'étranger
L'Institut Ágore peut aussi recevoir tous les étudients et chercheurs étrangers issus des universités partenaires pour les cours de portugais pour les étrangers
ces étudiants en étant dispensés des frais d'inscription
L'Institut Ágore offre des cours d'anglais
d'allemand et de pourtugais pour les étrangers aux niveaux basics
et travaille auprès du programme du MEC (Ministère de l'Éducation et de la Culture) Langues sans Frontières
Tout initiative par rapport aux tests de compétance linguistique est de responsabilité de l'Institut Ágora: TOEFL
The main goal of Tropical Medicine Institute is to consolidate
The strategic goal is the education of highly qualified human resources in science and technology in the medical area and the generation of a center for the diagnosis
especially in the area of the diseases neglected by centers of more advanced regions
Those diseases are also prevalent in Africa and Asia
El objetivo principal del Instituto de Medicina Tropical es consolidar
El objetivo estratégico es la educación de recursos humanos altamente calificados en ciencia y tecnología en el área médica y la generación de un centro para el diagnóstico
especialmente en el área de las enfermedades desatendidas por centros de regiones más avanzadas
Esas enfermedades también son frecuentes en África y Asia
Le but principal de l'Institut de Médecine Tropicale est consolider l'extension (services communitaires)
la recherche et l'enseignement en Maladies Infectieuses
Le but stratégique est l'éducation des ressources humaines hautement qualifiés en science  et technologie dans l'aire médicale et la génération d'un centre de diagnostic
spéciallement dans l'aire des maladies négligées par des centres des régions les plus avancées
Ces maladies sont aussi prévalentes en Afrique et en Asie
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<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/sala-imprensa/">Press room</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/simposio-de-neuroengenharia/">Neuroengineering Symposium</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/jornada-da-rede-de-cuidados-pcd/">Day of the Care Network for people with disabilities</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/jornada-bexiga-neurogenica/">Neurogenic Bladder Journey</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/feira-de-ciencias-mostras-cientificas-do-isd/">Science Fair - SNCT</a>
<a href="https://sites.google.com/isd.org.br/imnsc/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Function</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/organizacao-social/">Qualification as a social organization</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/contrato-gestao-mec/">Management contract with MEC and transfers</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/orgaos-controle/">Federal Control Bodies</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/relatorios-contrato-gestao/">Management contract report</a>
<a href="https://institutosantosdumont.org.br/en/documentos-institucionais/">Institutional Documents</a>
The Santos Dumont Institute (ISD) was authorized by the State Department of Public Health (Sesap/RN) through the State Program IST/Aids and Viral Hepatitis
inserted in the context of the agreement signed by the Bipartite Intermanagers Commission No
560/10 – CIB/RN and the Specialized Care Service for Pregnant Women and Children Living with HIV/AIDS – Maternal and Child SAE
which consists of a combination of two antiretrovirals (tenofovir + emtricitabine) is a new method of preventing contamination by the HIV virus and is distributed free of charge in pill format by the Ministry of Health
Prophylaxis will be dispensed through the Specialized Maternal and Child Care Service (SAE MI) of the Santos Dumont Institute (ISD)
operating at the Anita Garibaldi Health Education and Research Center (Anita)
one of the ISD units in the area rural Macaíba
The drugs that make up PrEP block certain “pathways” that HIV uses to infect the body
the delivery of medication will take place from this month onwards for people who meet the specificities and who live in one of the municipalities in the 3rd Region
4th Region or 7th Region of Health (see list below)
According to ISD&#039;s infectologist preceptor
PrEP is aimed at individuals who may have sexual intercourse considered to be at risk for HIV
PrEP must be taken daily and does not replace the use of other means of preventing HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
“We will cover and enable more points of care for patients eligible for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV
there will be greater publicity about this HIV prevention strategy
PrEP is one of the prevention strategies for HIV
but it does not prevent the contamination of other sexually transmitted infections
the use of PrEP and condoms; not sharing syringes when using drugs
Individuals interested in using PrEP through Instituto Santos Dumont should be aware of the eligibility criteria
when the delivery is authorized by the infectologist doctor
is preceded by an outpatient consultation in which a questionnaire must be answered by the patient to support inclusion in the program
Services related to PrEP will be concentrated on Wednesdays
Thursdays and Fridays at the Anita Garibaldi Health Education and Research Center (Anita)
Appointments should be made through the number: (84) 4042 0033 / 4042 0044
This new health service at the ISD will be one more possibility for trans women
cis women with a serodiscordant sexual partner for HIV infection (when one has and the other does not have HIV infection) to plan a pregnancy assisted by a multidisciplinary team
with the aim of reducing the risk of contamination of the baby as much as possible
all reproductive planning actions for serodiscordant sexual partnerships
This service is already carried out at the ISD for pregnant women living with HIV or who are partners of people living with the virus”
the team responsible for PrEP is made up of infectologists Carolina Damásio and Manoella Alves
obstetricians and gynecologists Larissa Rodrigues Freire
Sandrégenes Maia and Thaíse Lopes; by the preceptor social worker Alexandra Lima; Danielle Alecrim
biochemistry pharmaceutical preceptor; and by nurse preceptor Monise Pontes
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis is a new method of preventing HIV infection
It consists of taking a pill daily that allows the body to be prepared to face a possible contact with HIV
the individual prepares himself before having a risky sexual relationship for HIV
PrEP is a combination of two drugs (tenofovir + emtricitabine) that block certain “pathways” that HIV uses to infect the body
the medication can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading in your body
But be careful: PrEP only works if you take the medicine every day
there may not be enough concentration of the active substances in your bloodstream to block the virus
How long does it take for PrEP to start working
After using the medicine 7 days for anal intercourse and 20 days of use for vaginal intercourse
Important: PrEP does not protect against other Sexually Transmitted Infections (such as syphilis
chlamydia and gonorrhea) and therefore must be combined with other prevention strategies
– Women in the coverage area* of the SAE MI of the Santos Dumont Institute with indication of PrEP** (trans women
cis women with serodiscordant sexual partner for HIV infection);
– Family planning in: cis women who want to get pregnant and have an HIV-serodiscordant sexual partner; trans men who want to get pregnant
It is indicated for those who are at greater risk of coming into contact with HIV
You should consider using PrEP if you are in one of these key populations: 
Gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM); 
Often fails to use a condom during sexual intercourse (anal or vaginal);
with someone who is HIV positive and who is not on treatment;
Makes repeated use of PEP (Post Exposure Prophylaxis to HIV);
It presents frequent episodes of Sexually Transmitted Infections.In Natal
through the Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT)
Look for a health professional and find out if you are indicated for PrEP
and pick up your medication for free every three months
See below the cities included in the PrEP dispensation program through the Santos Dumont Institute:
Communication Office comunicacao@isd.org.br (84) 99416-1880
It is a Social Organization linked to the Ministry of Education (MEC) and includes the Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neurosciences and the Anita Garibaldi Health Education and Research Center
ISD&#039;s mission is to promote education for life
forming citizens through integrated teaching
in addition to contributing to a fairer and more humane transformation of Brazilian social reality
Communication Officecomunicacao@isd.org.br(84) 99416-1880
Rural Area / CEP 59288-899Macaíba/RN – Brazil
The Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Alberto Santos Dumont is a Social Organization qualified by the Ministry of Education
through Presidential Decree of February 27