With the launch of Pixel 9, Pixel introduced a new panorama mode easy-to-use interface and delivers higher-quality panorama images — for both daylight and night time shots we used this image to demonstrate its capabilities Tristan Greszko took these photos with a Pixel 9 Pro; he’s a photographer on the Pixel development team who focuses on overseeing video and image quality hiked to the very top of a summit in the Tetons with a friend to grab these photos “It was more mountaineering than hiking,” he says Tristan loves outdoor and panorama photography and he was part of the team that worked on making it even better for Pixel panorama mode worked via video — which is how most panorama modes work,” says Tristan the camera is scanning the scene as you’re moving.” Tristan’s idea (at one time a “pipe dream” as he calls it) was to use Pixel’s HDR+ pipeline and its photo pipeline to create stitched photo panoramas that take better advantage of Pixel Camera’s capabilities you get a lot less data than you do with photos,” Tristan explains Pixel can stack all those photos and all their data together to come up with a really amazing image.” Here Tristan gives a few tips on how to get the most out of Pixel’s upgraded panorama mode "Rather than rotating your whole body when taking a panorama just rotate the camera as much as you can while standing in place,” Tristan says you’ll eliminate perspective shift — or those jagged edges you can get when each transition doesn’t quite line up — and create a smooth stitch He also suggests trying to keep your movement as consistent and steady as possible by using Pixel’s level indicator the higher quality your image will be,” Tristan says you don’t need to think about things too much Tristan says: Night Sight Panorama turns on automatically when it’s dark enough His advice for great Night Sight pano shots be as still as possible and then move to the next dot,” he says you’ve probably tapped at the brightest spot on your display so that your camera focuses or balances the light of a scene You don’t need to do this in panorama mode because Pixel software will take care of it for you “There isn’t any tap to focus or tap to expose in panorama mode,” Tristan explains “The camera is designed to balance the light and expose it correctly.” Plus Tristan suggests trying different things with your pano shots like using panorama mode’s full 360 capabilities to capture the entire scene around you or even shooting something vertically — he’s seen some shots where people bend over backwards to capture a vertical panorama “It opens up a range of wild perspectives,” he says “Panorama lends itself to experimentation really well.” Get the latest news from Google in your inbox Pope Francis shoes proved to be an irresistible visual cue for students at St were on display Friday at a special memorial mass the school had scheduled for him “These look like workman shoes," O’Donaghue described "They look like shoes of a person who’d been out Get top local stories in Southern California delivered to you every morning with NBC LA's News Headlines newsletter It’s that simplicity and lack of ostentation that make them indisputably those of Francis a pope known for his humble approach to ministry “That’s why they say he’s the ‘people's pope.’ He was out with the people and believed with the people What's also special is the way the shoes arrived at St who runs an LA-based Catholic ministry called El Sembrador when he accompanied the pontiff on a trip to Mexico Diaz was struck by the pontiff’s kind and generous spirit and decided to give him a gift so he presented the pope with a shoe shine box and shined the pope’s shoes.” Diaz was surprised to receive notice from the Vatican that Francis had gifted the very same shoes to him in his will Diaz loaned them to the school for their mass knowing they would help students connect on a different level with the man who wore them the works of peace are exemplified by the simple 'shoes of a fisherman'”' Francis left behind,” O’Donaghue said "I think it was greatly symbolic of Pope Francis.” Papal shoes hold great symbolic importance in Catholicism Biblical teachings encourage all Christians to become “fishers of men," encouraging others to embrace the faith a mission to which Francis devoted most of his life Share on FacebookShare on X (formerly Twitter)Share on PinterestShare on LinkedInHUNTSVILLE, Ala. (WAFF) - A Huntsville man was arrested Tuesday on Panorama Drive following a warrant out of Jackson County according to officials with the Scottsboro Police Department The department assisted the Madison County Sheriff’s Office with a search warrant in the 3400 block of Panorama Drive in Huntsville Scottsboro officers discovered around $5,000 worth of property reported stolen from incidents in Jackson County one suspect was taken into custody in connection with a burglary that happened in Scottsboro was arrested and charged with Burglary in the 3rd Degree and Theft of Property in the 1st Degree Officials say he will be transferred to Jackson County Jail Click Here to Subscribe on YouTube: Watch the latest WAFF 48 news sports & weather videos on our YouTube channel visiting 67 destinations in 19 countries with five overnight stays and two maiden calls the award-winning Seabourn Quest will travel nearly 34,000 nautical miles and visit 67 destinations in 19 countries and signature Seabourn experiences and exclusive events "We invite travelers to embark on our 2027 World Cruise and discover the most awe-inspiring and extraordinary destinations across Australia "This voyage invites guests to explore and create lasting connections with both the extraordinary places we visit and the people and cultures that bring them to life guests will enjoy Seabourn's signature style of luxury travel at sea personalized service delivered by our incredible onboard team." Voyage highlights: Roundtrip from Miami to 67 destinations and 19 countries Guests may opt for a shorter 126-day World Cruise option This option is ideal for guests who wish to end their voyage on the West Coast of the U.S Guests who book either the full 145- or 126-day World Cruise will receive a meticulously curated value-packed menu of complimentary benefits and amenities: ✝In select markets.^Value determined by suite level Early Booking Advantage: Guests who book on or before May 14 can save up to 10 percent with Seabourn's Early Booking Advantage For more details about Seabourn, or to explore the worldwide selection of Seabourn cruising options, contact a professional travel advisor, call Seabourn at 1-800-929-9391 or visit www.seabourn.com About Seabourn: Seabourn represents the pinnacle of ultra-luxury ocean and expedition travel and operates a suite of six modern ships boutique ships offer all-suite accommodations with oceanfront views; award-winning dining; complimentary premium spirits and fine wines available at all times; renowned service provided by an industry-leading crew; a relaxed sociable atmosphere that makes guests feel at home; a pedigree in expedition travel through the Ventures by Seabourn program and two new ultra-luxury purpose-built expedition ships including Seabourn Venture that launched in 2022 and Seabourn Pursuit in 2023 Seabourn takes travelers to every continent on the globe visiting more than 400 ports including marquee cities and lesser-known ports and hideaways Guests of Seabourn experience extraordinary offerings and programs including partnerships with leading entertainers Seabourn is a brand of Carnival Corporation and plc (NYSE/LSE: CCL andNYSE: CUK) YouTube, X, and Pinterest.  IMAGES HERE the leader in ultra-luxury cruising and expedition travel and spring season with new itineraries to.. was honored to welcome the President of French Polynesia Moetai Brotherson on.. Travel Transportation, Trucking & Railroad Amusement Parks and Tourist Attractions Maritime & Shipbuilding Do not sell or share my personal information: This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. With Claude in Amazon Bedrock School districts struggle to understand student needs holistically because critical data exists in numerous disconnected systems "One of the biggest challenges for school districts is that their data is fragmented across different systems and screening data all exist in separate places making it nearly impossible to get a complete view of how students are performing," explains John Kennedy formerly founder and CEO of Mesa (acquired by Panorama in 2023) This fragmentation creates barriers to identifying struggling students and providing timely support with Kennedy noting "About 20% of students nationwide are now chronically absent making coordinated support even more crucial." With 14,400 districts operating independently there's no centralized approach to addressing these widespread educational challenges Panorama chose Claude for its performance quality and robust security capabilities essential for handling sensitive student information "Claude outperformed alternatives in our internal evaluations while meeting our strict security requirements." The security dimension was critical because "Standard AI tools that improve by learning from user interactions simply cannot be used with sensitive student data due to privacy concerns." Using Amazon Web Services (AWS) to implement Claude in Amazon Bedrock allowed Panorama to create an AI solution that maintains strict data privacy standards while working with specific student data context. "Using Claude in Amazon Bedrock addresses data security concerns completely, ensuring we fulfill our obligation to protect sensitive student information while still delivering powerful AI capabilities," Kennedy emphasizes. Claude powers multiple AI capabilities across Panorama's educational platform: These capabilities address what Kennedy describes as a foundational need in education. Kennedy shares, "By creating a complete view of each student that integrates data from all district systems, we can provide powerful insights while maintaining full compliance with data privacy requirements through Claude's security protections." Panorama envisions AI as a transformative force for building more responsive learning environments. Kennedy says, "We're creating implementation models based on real educational data that districts can share, establishing clear pathways for responsible AI adoption." Panorama aims to "increase capacity in K-12 education when it's most needed—reducing teacher burnout while enabling personalized learning experiences" by developing education-specific AI implementations. This helps districts embrace AI's potential in ways that complement existing practices, positioning educators and students for success in an AI-influenced world. Case Study Firefighters battled heavy fire in a townhouse in Panorama City early this morning which took the life of a woman and sent three people to the hospital At 3:31AM on December 28, 2024 the Los Angeles City Fire Department responded to a reported structure fire in the 9200 block of N Wakefield Ave in Panorama City Firefighters arrived to find a row of two-story townhomes with one unit well involved in fire  With reports on scene of people possibly trapped inside the burning home crews initiated an aggressive offensive fire attack to both rescue any victims and defend the exposed units Crews found fire had already extended into the attic and was spreading through a second (attached) townhouse searching for victims as they progressed through the homes Firefighters located an adult female in a downstairs bedroom of the primary unit who was beyond medical help and determined dead on scene firefighter/paramedics located and assessed three patients who evacuated the primary fire unit prior to LAFD arrival 68 year-old male and 83 year-old female were all transported in fair condition Over 70 firefighters, working under the command of Assistant Chief Luis Aldana, extinguished the fire in 43 minutes. Two townhouses sustained significant damage and were 'red-tagged' as unsafe for occupancy by the Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety (LADBS). The Mayor's Crisis Response Team (CRT) was requested to provide assistance to the affected family The Los Angeles American Red Cross is also responding to help with the immediate needs for any displaced occupants.  Per protocol for a fatality fire, LAFD Arson and Counter-Terrorism Section (ACTS) is conducting a cause investigation.  Smoke alarms were present in the home but it is unclear if they were functioning at the time. The Los Angeles County Medical Examiner will determined identity and cause of death for the victim PRIVACY POLICY | PRIVACY SETTINGS | | ADVERTISE | ACCESSIBILITY A new BBC Panorama investigation that aired early this week revealed that baby food pouches from six major UK brands – including four leading manufacturers and two supermarkets – are failing to meet key nutritional needs for babies and toddlers and are often high in sugar The investigation’s findings, which have also been shared on the BBC website may leave parents and caregivers questioning the best approach to feeding young children We spoke with Professor Emma Haycraft an expert in psychology and public health whose research focuses on healthy development in children and adolescents to get her response to the findings and advice on how families can ensure the nutritional needs of babies and toddlers are met What are your thoughts on the investigation’s findings “It’s easy to see how this has happened; brands often add fruits to their baby foods which make them more palatable (sweeter) to the babies or toddlers but doing this adds natural fruit sugars which can soon add up meaning babies and infants who are starting their journey onto solid foods can quickly end up consuming lots of sugar without parents even realising” “Similarly other ‘recipes’ are adapted by these brands meaning that key nutrients are being cut down or out “Commercial baby foods can be useful for feeding young children but a downside is that the labels on the packets can mislead parents into thinking they are giving their child something they’re not.” Do you think or government intervention is needed in the baby food industry “While the recent Panorama investigation has shone a light on the issues with companies misleading families about the nutritional and health benefits of their products this issue is not new so government guidelines may be required if companies continue to mislead parents with food products that are lacking in nutrients to ensure that children who consume these foods are being well nourished” What key nutrients do babies and toddlers need and are there any ingredients or foods that parents and guardians should avoid “Babies and toddlers need a varied diet” “The goal of initially introducing foods to babies (weaning) is about them exploring foods and learning how to eat and while they’re still consuming milk (breast or formula) they’re gaining essential nutrients from the milk.  it’s essential that they get all the nutrients they need from their foods “Babies and toddlers should be offered vegetables unflavoured yoghurts that don’t have added sugars) “Parents should try to avoid offering babies and toddlers food with added salt or sugar.  This includes foods with lots of natural sugars “Offering whole foods – such as carrots – that are cooked and either puréed or served as batons (if age-appropriate) is preferable to using processed versions as it allows parents to know exactly what their child is eating.” What advice would you give to parents looking to replace baby food pouches with home-cooked alternatives “Offering a variety of foods is the way to go and these can be foods that your family is eating but prepared so that your baby or toddler can consume them” “This might mean cooking foods to soften them and then either mashing them with a fork or blitzing the food so that it’s a suitable texture or offering foods as finger-foods.  It might also mean adding salt or flavourings after taking out a portion for your child.  if you’re cooking potatoes for your family or cut into sticks or wedges (if age appropriate) for young children just ensure the potato skin is removed for very young children “Or if you’re cooking Spaghetti Bolognese This can be blended or cut into age-appropriate sizes and offered to your child.” what advice would you give to parents looking to feed their young children nutritiously on a budget “Commercial baby foods are very convenient Offering children foods that the family is eating is a cost-effective way to introduce new foods to babies and toddlers” “Batch cooking foods for babies and toddlers – and the family around six months) are initially trying new tastes and flavours so don’t need much of each food as they’re also consuming breast/formula milk.  “Preparing and storing foods in ice cube trays can be handy as you can simply defrost a ‘cube’ of pureed or mashed food for your child to taste.” To arrange an interview with Professor Emma Haycraft, email the Public Relations team or call 01509 222224 Loughborough is one of the country’s leading universities with an international reputation for research that matters and unrivalled achievement in sport and its underpinning academic disciplines It has been awarded five stars in the independent QS Stars university rating scheme and named the best university in the world for sports-related subjects in the 2025 QS World University Rankings – the ninth year running Loughborough is ranked 6th in The UK Complete University Guide 2025 10th in the Guardian University League Table 2025 and 10th in the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2025.  Loughborough was also named University of the Year for Sport in the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2025 - the fourth time it has been awarded the prestigious title.  Loughborough is consistently ranked in the top twenty of UK universities in the Times Higher Education’s ‘table of tables’ and in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021 over 90% of its research was rated as ‘world-leading’ or ‘internationally-excellent’ In recognition of its contribution to the sector Loughborough has been awarded seven Queen's Anniversary Prizes The Loughborough University London campus is based on the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and offers postgraduate and executive-level education as well as research and enterprise opportunities pioneering researchers and creative innovators who provide students with the highest quality of teaching and the very latest in modern thinking To arrange an interview with Professor Emma Haycraft, email the Public Relations team or call 01509 222224. Loughborough is one of the country’s leading universities, with an international reputation for research that matters, excellence in teaching, strong links with industry, and unrivalled achievement in sport and its underpinning academic disciplines. It has been awarded five stars in the independent QS Stars university rating scheme and named the best university in the world for sports-related subjects in the 2025 QS World University Rankings – the ninth year running. Loughborough is ranked 6th in The UK Complete University Guide 2025, 10th in the Guardian University League Table 2025 and 10th in the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2025.  Loughborough is consistently ranked in the top twenty of UK universities in the Times Higher Education’s ‘table of tables’, and in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021 over 90% of its research was rated as ‘world-leading’ or ‘internationally-excellent’. In recognition of its contribution to the sector, Loughborough has been awarded seven Queen's Anniversary Prizes. The Loughborough University London campus is based on the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and offers postgraduate and executive-level education, as well as research and enterprise opportunities. It is home to influential thought leaders, pioneering researchers and creative innovators who provide students with the highest quality of teaching and the very latest in modern thinking. has completed the structural build of the hotel with the project set to be completed by March 2026 The five-storey $60 million hotel on Goodwood Road will include a basement gaming room and a sports bar on the ground floor that leads to an outdoor area with a three-metre outdoor screen Hotel Panorama General Manager Scott Oakley said the hotel’s new rooftop bar will have panoramic views overlooking the city The top floor will also have two function rooms with views of the Adelaide Hills Wonderland aims to provide “an exciting space and something that has not been done before in this area,” Oakley said There will be three floors of accommodation with 77 rooms including 26 serviced apartments with one and two-bedroom options and a honeymoon suite Oakley said Hotel Panorama expects guests who are visiting the nearby Flinders Hospital Flinders University and Tonsley Innovation Precinct A render of The Hurley Group’s Hotel Panorama and a function room is starting within the next couple of weeks The hotel is being built by South Australian family-owned company Sarah Constructions with previous projects including d’Arenberg’s The Cube and the Hurley’s Marion Hotel The hotel design was done by Cox Architecture who have also designed projects such as the Adelaide Oval Hotel Adelaide Botanic High School and Her Majesty’s Theatre redevelopment Oakley said the hotel will look to employ “somewhere between 150 to 200 new staff members which will add to the over 650 staff that the Hurley Hotel Group currently employs” Hurley Hotel Group’s Anna Hurley said she was thrilled to be investing in the future of the area daily“The Hotel Panorama represents the largest investment in the history of our family business,” she said as part of the Hotel Panorama project is open with a range of premium wines imported and local beers and high-end spirits The cellar includes a three-lane drive-thru temperature-controlled walk-in cool room and a tasting table “We’re really excited to have this come to life when the project completes in March 2026,” Oakley said A new SA podcast is here to help you feel a little more confident – and a lot less alone – about how you parent SponsoredWhat’s happening in SA: May editionForget autumn hibernation – May’s here with drag queens Autumn in Adelaide has never looked so good SponsoredKiller camels and trampoline sex scandals: It’s History Festival timeDan and Tom from podcast AdeLOL reveal the hilarious side of South Australia’s history your teachers conveniently skipped See why history’s better when it’s weird at this year’s History Festival SponsoredWorld-first AI breakthrough helps SA hospitalsSouth Australia’s latest medical game-changer isn’t a new pill – it’s an AI system built by two young Adelaide doctors that’s helping free up beds in our hospitals BusinessBusinessHotel Panorama reaches construction milestoneThe Hurley Hotel Group’s latest project, Hotel Panorama, has completed the structural build of the hotel, with the project set to be completed by March 2026. South Australia’s premier executive appointments column tracking the movements of those driving the state’s public and private sectors. Plus the latest executive recruitment opportunities. Andromeda Metals experienced its highest volume week since 2022 while the Australian share market closed at two-month highs following a sustained rally. In this week’s Briefcase, National Pharmacies’ new telehealth service and SA cleans up at the Best In Glass Awards. Plus, the latest business events. Adrian Chugg is the Managing Partner of Adelaide’s largest locally owned and operated accounting and advisory firm, William Buck. Business Insight spoke to Adrian about leadership, economic opportunity in SA and global turbulence. InDaily South Australia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of country throughout South Australia and recognises their continuing connection to land, waters and culture. We pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging. The uMI Panorama GS PET/CT system is a new long-axial-field-of-view scanner featuring high sensitivity The aim of this study is to assess the PET system on the basis of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2018 and European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Limited (EARL) standards and coregistration accuracy were evaluated following the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard Additional experiments included energy resolution a 175-cm-long scatter phantom for count rate and TOF resolution as well as the compliance with the EARL guideline an 18F-FDG PET patient study was reconstructed with various frame durations Results: The PET system achieved sub–3-mm transaxial and axial spatial resolutions at a 1-cm radial offset The sensitivities with the 70-cm-long and 200-cm-long line sources were observed to be 176.3 and 90.8 kcps/MBq The noise-equivalent count rates (NECRs) of the 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long scatter phantoms were measured to be 3.35 Mcps at 57.57 kBq/mL and 2.24 Mcps at 33.27 kBq/mL The TOF resolutions for both phantoms were approximately 189 ps at 5.3 kBq/mL and lower than 200 ps below the NECR peaks The absolute count rate errors of all 34 acquisitions were less than 3% below the NECR peak for the 70-cm-long scatter phantom With the standard NEMA image quality phantom experiment the contrast recovery coefficient varied from 68.17% to 94.20% and the background variabilities were all below 2% The maximum PET/CT coregistration error was 1.33 mm the gaussian filter of 5-mm full width at half maximum could produce acceptable images The patient data demonstrate visually satisfactory image quality with short frames (less than 1 min) Conclusion: The uMI Panorama GS exhibits spatial resolution and TOF resolution similar to those of the uMI Panorama system (35-cm axial field of view) and count rate performances are expected to yield superior image quality and offer new opportunities for various clinical applications The integration of PET/CT systems, which was initially developed in the 1990s (1,2) has rapidly supplanted nearly all stand-alone PET systems it has emerged as a routinely used modality across various clinical applications thereby manifesting widespread application in clinical scans the advent of LAFOV scanners with improved TOF resolution emerges as a pivotal trend that is shaping the future landscape of PET imaging In contrast, the recently established uMI Panorama platform (9) affords the flexibility to extend varying axial lengths giving rise to the new LAFOV 148-cm-long scanner denoted as the digital uMI Panorama GS PET/CT system The 148-cm axial length of the PET scanner provides sufficient high sensitivity and adaptability for most clinical scans The whole-body scan from head to thigh can position the brain within a considerably heightened sensitivity region this scanner offers a head-to-knee scan option and its axial length adequately accommodates nearly all pediatric imaging requirements Total-body imaging is also feasible even for shorter subjects through knee bending whereas taller patients exceeding 1.5 m benefit from the availability of 2-bed acquisitions selected patient data were demonstrated to elucidate the clinical merits of this new LAFOV PET scanner The uMI Panorama GS integrates a 160-slice CT scanner with a LAFOV PET system. The CT adheres to the identical configuration as the uMI Panorama (9). The specifications of PET system are given in Table 1 Benefiting from the extendable design of the uMI Panorama platform each equipped with 7 detector cells arranged along the axial direction (LYSO crystal array with full coverage of silicon photomultipliers) List-mode data are stored for clinical data acquisitions with coincidences of all rings recorded (maximum acceptance angle of 62°) The time coincidence window is configured independently for different unit pairs to optimize coincidence retention within the field of view (FOV) The minimal discretized bin for TOF measurement is 6.1 ps Performance measurements in this paper were basically following the NEMA NU 2-2018 (32) and EARL standards (33) The acquired data for all experiments involved in this study were processed with the software tool kits provided by the manufacturer on the clinical system including the nonstandard NEMA tests and the EARL study The applied tool kits have undergone rigorous testing and validation by the manufacturer Filtered backprojection reconstructions were performed without attenuation and the image voxel size was set to 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.8 mm3 and tangential directions were calculated as instructed by the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard Standard NEMA sensitivity measurements were performed using a 70-cm-long polyethylene tube filled with an initial activity of 8.9 MBq of 18F-FDG solution The tube was added consecutively with 5 concentric aluminum sleeves of identical length and thickness (1.25 mm) Extrapolations of the 5 measured values were executed to obtain the final sensitivity The procedure was repeated with the tube positioned at a 10-cm radial offset Random subtractions were conducted using the coincidences within the delayed time window additional experiments were conducted by applying a 2-m line source (10.5 MBq) along with a set of 2-m concentric aluminum sleeves following the same procedure as the aforementioned 70-cm-long sensitivity measurement used for these measures is a 20-cm-diameter 70-cm-long polyethylene cylinder positioned at the FOV center along the axial direction A 70-cm-long tube was axially inserted into the cylinder phantom at a radial offset of 4.5 cm which was injected with 1.7 GBq of 18F-FDG at the beginning of the acquisition 34 independent raw data acquisitions were performed and the activity at the beginning of last acquisition was 26.0 MBq Random estimation was extracted from the coincidences estimated within the delayed time window as well as scatter fraction and NECR count rates were subsequently determined in accordance with the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard Additionally, the same experiment was repeated using a 175-cm-long phantom (21) formed by concatenating 2.5 70-cm scatter phantoms The tube was injected with 2.6 GBq of 18F-FDG at the beginning of the acquisition and the activity at the beginning of the last acquisition was 40.1 MBq and NECR count rates were analyzed following the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard across 34 acquisitions The accuracy analysis was performed using data obtained from the 70-cm-long NEMA scatter phantom assessing the count rate performances. The 34 acquisitions were reconstructed independently with all necessary corrections except for the decay correction. Dead time correction was applied using the adaptive nonparalyzable model (35) The reconstructions followed the current clinical protocol for GS at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) as listed here: ordered-subset expectation maximization/TOF/point-spread function The accuracy analysis focused solely on the 65-cm center region along the axial direction Data measured with 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long NEMA scatter phantoms were also evaluated for the TOF resolution (21) The line-source position within the scatter phantom was determined by reconstructing the image with non-TOF point-spread function reconstructions All 34 acquisitions were parsed and analyzed in accordance with the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard by correcting for scatter The TOF resolution at 5.3 kBq/mL was interpolated from the TOF–activity curves The NEMA NU 2 IQ phantom was applied for this evaluation The background activity was 5.0 kBq/mL at the beginning of the acquisition also applied for the count rate measurement The line source inside the scatter phantom was filled with 105 MBq of 18F-FDG Six spheres inside the phantom (with inner diameters of 10 and 37 mm) were filled with an activity ratio of 4.0:1 with respect to the background The phantom was initially measured for 30 min The data were reconstructed using the current clinical protocol for GS at PUMCH The contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) of all 6 spheres as well as the lung residual were calculated as described in the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard To characterize the performance of the system with varying scan durations and delayed times (21) 4 additional acquisitions were conducted after 3 and 30 min for each data were independently reconstructed and lung residual were calculated for each reconstructed image the CRC and BV were averaged over the results of 5 independent time frames Three spheres with an inner diameter of 13 mm each filled with 2 MBq of 18F-FDG activity and CT contrast (Ultravist 370; Bayer Vital) mixture were used to measure the coregistration accuracy of the PET and CT images according to the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard 0) cm were fixed by the support pad (made of ethylene vinyl acetate foam ∼900 Hounsfield units in CT images) at locations of 5 and 100 cm from the tip of the patient table lead blocks weighing 115 kg were placed on the patient table according to standard requirements Both CT and PET images are reconstructed using the 1024 × 1024 matrix with a 600-mm FOV and a 0.5-mm slice thickness Note that the PET images were reconstructed with an ordered-subset expectation maximization/TOF/point-spread function without scatter and attenuation corrections The maximum coregistration error and the maximum ratios of PET and CT were calculated following the NEMA NU 2–2018 standard the quantitative recovery of the uMI Panaroma GS system was also assessed using an independent NEMA/International Electrochemical Commission NU2 IQ phantom following the EARL guideline The phantom was filled with 18F-FDG at a concentration of 2.80 kBq/mL for the background at the beginning of the acquisition All 6 spheres were filled with activity at a sphere-to-background ratio of 10 The phantom was positioned identically to the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard IQ experiment A single-bed PET scan was acquired for 5 min The data were reconstructed using the clinical protocol at PUMCH volumes of interest were extracted for each sphere to calculate the recovery coefficient of maximum and peak values in the reconstructed image Postgaussian kernels with various full widths at half maximum were applied to smooth the reconstructed image ensuring compliance with the EARL protocol for this system diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma underwent a scan of 85 min after administration of 168 MBq (4.5 mCi) of 18F-FDG A single-bed position from vertex to knee was acquired for 5 min and 15 s were reconstructed from the list-mode data using the current clinical protocol for GS at PUMCH The human study had been approved by the Institutional Review Board of PUMCH and the patient had signed an informed consent form Brain images were reconstructed from the same dataset with a voxel size of 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.6 mm3 and a gaussian filter of 0.5-mm full width at half maximum Two additional patients were also reconstructed and shown in the supplemental material (supplemental materials are available at http://jnm.snmjournals.org) 74 kg) was injected with only 29 MBq (0.79 mCi) of 18F-FDG and scanned for 20 min 160 kg) had a larger body mass index and underwent a scan of 110 min after administration of 444 MBq (12.0 mCi) of 18F-FDG The spatial resolution results at 6 different positions are shown in Table 2 A sub–3-mm resolution is achieved at the center of the transaxial FOV The sensitivity profiles of 70-cm-long and 200-cm-long line sources at the transaxial center and the off-center position (10 cm) are shown in Figure 1. The detailed system sensitivities are summarized in Table 3 (A) Axial sensitivity profile of NEMA standard 70-cm-long line source positioned at transaxial center and 10 cm off-center (B) Axial sensitivity profile of 200-cm-long line source positioned at transaxial center and 10 cm off-center Sensitivity Measured with 2 Line-Source Configurations The profiles of the count rate performances for the 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long scatter phantoms are shown in Figure 2. Numeric results are summarized in Table 4 The peak NECRs of 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long scatter phantoms were measured to be 3.35 Mcps at 57.57 kBq/mL (total dose 34 mCi) and 2.24 Mcps at 33.27 kBq/mL (total dose The 2 scatter phantoms demonstrate a similar scatter fraction (∼30%) at peak NECRs The decrease of true activity after reaching the true peak is due to the system bandwidth limit when the random count rate increases dramatically faster compared with that of true events and NECR as functions of activity concentration for NEMA standard 70-cm scatter phantom and NECR as function of activity concentration for 175-cm scatter phantom (C) NECR as function of activity concentration for both 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long scatter phantoms Dashed lines correspond to NECR peaks for both phantoms (D) Scatter fraction as function of activity concentration for both 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long scatter phantoms Scatter fractions at 5.3 kBq/mL for 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long phantoms are 34.13% and 35.09% and scatter fractions at peak NECR are 29.94% and 30.85% (E) TOF resolution as functions of activity concentration for both 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long scatter phantoms TOF at 5.3 kBq/mL is 188.8 and 189.7 ps for 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long phantoms and TOF at peak NECR is 196.8 and 195.2 ps The accuracy of the standard 70-cm-long NEMA scatter phantom was calculated for the 34 acquisitions. The maximum and minimum errors of each slice among all the reconstructed images are visualized with respect to the activity in Figure 3 The absolute maximum and minimum count rate errors below the peak NECRs were observed to be 1.29% and 2.02% Accuracy of NEMA standard 70-cm-long scatter phantom Turning points at high activity correspond to scenarios when measurement reached system bandwidth limit The profile of TOF resolution is illustrated in Figure 2D, and the numeric results are presented in Table 4 the observed TOF resolution ranged from 188 to 197 ps across different activities below the NECR peaks the measured energy resolution at 5.3 kBq/mL for the 70-cm-long NECR phantom was 9.7% The results for time frames of 30, 5, and 2 min are presented in Table 5 With the standard NEMA acquisition time (30 min) the CRC ranged from 68.17% to 94.20% and BV varied from 0.91% to 1.70% for the 6 hot spheres Reconstructions of reduced time frames yielded higher BV for all spheres the CRC of large spheres fluctuated around the mean value with reduced time frames whereas that of the 10-mm sphere decreased from 68.17% to 65.60% The reconstructed images of different delay times and different time frames are demonstrated in Figure 4. The CRC and BV of the 37-mm sphere, the BV of the 10-mm sphere, as well as the lung residual error for all reconstructed images are demonstrated in Figure 5 Reconstructed images at different delay times with various time frames The PET/CT coregistration accuracy results are shown in Table 6 The recovery coefficients before and after smoothing are shown in Figure 6 Compared with the EARL version 2.0 standard region most spheres exhibit relatively higher recovery coefficients especially for the 10-mm and 13-mm spheres With the gaussian filter of 5-mm full width at half maximum applied nearly all spheres could fall into the EARL version 2.0 standard regions and satisfy this criterion Recovery coefficients based on EARL guideline Left to right: maximum recovery coefficient (RCmax) of all 6 spheres mean recovery coefficient (RCmean) of all 6 spheres and peak recovery coefficient (RCpeak) of all 6 spheres The patient reconstructed images from various time frames are presented in Figure 7 revealing 3 representative lesions with subcentimeter diameters of 3.9 The reconstruction of the 15-s frame demonstrated satisfactory lesion detectability Noise contamination was evident at shorter time frames whereas the 30-s frames maintained acceptable noise levels in the clinical images Supplemental Figure 1 presents images of the brain with the same patient data The low-dose and high–body mass index cases are shown in Supplemental Figures 2 and 3 Clear demarcations of reported lesions (indicated by arrows) The PET system has been assessed according to the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard (32) and the EARL guideline (33) along with some dedicated experiments to characterize LAFOV scanners the measured results for the GS system are comparable to the reported results of uMI Panorama with a 35-cm AFOV both systems are announced to be developed based on the same platform with identical transaxial geometry The sensitivity at the center position of the 70-cm-long line source achieved equivalent sensitivity (∼176 kcps/MBq) as the uEXPLORER (21) and Biograph Vision Quadra (24) Both the GS and uEXPLORER systems use identical crystal sizes and exhibit similar transaxial geometry Despite the shorter AFOV compared with the uEXPLORER (acceptance angle of 57°) the results of GS are practically compensated by a larger acceptance angle (62°) GS yields a scaled sensitivity of 106.8 kcps/MBq at the central transaxial FOV The NECR of the 70-cm-long phantom shows a lower peak activity at 57.57 kBq/mL compared with that of the Panorama 35 (9). Nevertheless, the current NECR and accuracy performances still cover a wide dynamic range for nearly all contemporary clinical applications (37) The expanded time window is expected to capture more coincidences at the peripheral transaxial FOV the increase in random events also occurs linearly with the extended time window theoretically deteriorating the final numeric performance of NECR The TOF resolution observed for the 70-cm-long scatter phantom data was less than 200 ps over the entire count rate range in the experiment, resembling the results of Panorama 35 (9) Similar TOF performances of these 2 systems demonstrate consistent detector designs of the Panorama platform In terms of the 175-cm-long scatter phantom the TOF resolution at 5.3 kBq/mL and peak NECRs are similar to those of the 70-cm-long scatter phantoms These observations demonstrate stable TOF performances for different phantoms at various activity levels This trend does not apply to larger spheres For the image without postsmoothing, the biggest maximum recovery coefficient was observed for the 2 smallest spheres (diameters of 10 and 13 mm), which may be attributed to the small size of the volumes of interest and the resolution modeling. Similar results were reported for the Biograph Vision (36) resulting in an acceptance angle of approximately 41° and therefore yielding a sensitivity gain of ∼1.6 compared with that of the uMI Panorama 35 (acceptance angle of ∼25°) which can be visually supported by brain images shown in Supplemental Figure 1 The uMI Panorama GS demonstrates commensurate spatial resolution and energy resolution with the uMI Panorama system (35-cm AFOV) its notably enhanced sensitivity yields improved IQ for the IQ phantom and patient Achieving a peak NECR rate of 3.35 Mcps at 57.57 kBq/mL renders the system adaptable for a wide range of clinical and research applications The combination of the above features positions the uMI Panorama GS as the new benchmark in the class of LAFOV scanners This study was sponsored in part by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-071) CAMS innovation fund for medical science (Nos and National Key Research and Development Program of China (No No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported QUESTION: What are the performance characteristics of the uMI Panorama GS PET/CT system according to the NEMA NU 2-2018 and EARL standards PERTINENT FINDINGS: The uMI Panorama GS with a 148-cm AFOV demonstrated high sensitivity and spatial resolution (<3 mm at center) accompanied by a remarkable count rate performance and quantitative accuracy Using appropriate filtering (5-mm gaussian) the system demonstrates capability to attain EARL compliance thus revealing its harmonization capabilities with other scanners IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: The uMI Panorama GS offers highly effective diagnostic capability on lesion detectability with reduced dose or acquisition time the system exhibits versatility in accommodating applications using various tracers We acknowledge helpful discussions with Dr Hancong Xu from United Imaging Healthcare about performance experiments and data analysis Immediate Open Access: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY) allows users to share and adapt with attribution, excluding materials credited to previous publications. License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Details: https://jnm.snmjournals.org/page/permissions Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Journal of Nuclear Medicine NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it Metrics details Bacterial pneumonia is a significant public health burden Current therapeutic strategies beyond antibiotics and adjuvant therapies are limited highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis we employed single-cell RNA sequencing of 444,146 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells (BALFs) from a large cohort of 74 individuals including 58 patients with mild (n = 22) and severe (n = 36) diseases as well as 16 healthy donors Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent and histological assays were applied for validation within this cohort The heterogeneity of immune responses in bacterial pneumonia was observed with distinct immune cell profiles related to disease severity Severe bacterial pneumonia was marked by an inflammatory cytokine storm resulting from systemic upregulation of S100A8/A9 and CXCL8 primarily due to specific macrophage and neutrophil subsets mild bacterial pneumonia exhibits an effective humoral immune response characterized by the expansion of T follicular helper and T helper 2 cells facilitating B cell activation and antibody production Although both disease groups display T cell exhaustion mild cases maintained robust cytotoxic CD8+T cell function potentially reflecting a compensatory mechanism Dysregulated neutrophil and macrophage responses contributed significantly to the pathogenesis of severe disease Immature neutrophils promote excessive inflammation and suppress T cell activation while a specific macrophage subset (Macro_03_M1) displaying features akin to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) suppress T cells and promote inflammation these findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for modulating immune responses and improving clinical outcomes in bacterial pneumonia effective treatments beyond antibiotics and adjuvant therapy are lacking for bacterial pneumonia a better understanding of the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies a systematic understanding of immune dysregulation during bacterial pneumonia remains elusive Comprehensive and in-depth studies on the quantity and characteristics of various immune cells as well as the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors at different stages of disease progression The related disease protection or pathogenic mechanisms especially those leading to severe disease scRNA-seq analysis of BALFs can reveal the cellular composition and dynamic immune responses in patients with bacterial pneumonia shedding light on crucial inflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic targets An overview of the study design and results for the BALF single-cell transcriptomic study a Diagram outlining the overall study design including 58 patients (22 patients with mild disease and 36 patients with severe disease) and 16 healthy donors b The clustering result (Left row) of 65 cell subtypes (right row) from 74 samples d Disease preference of major cell clusters as estimated using RO/E e Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin staining of lung sections from patients with severe bacterial pneumonia (MSP01) 20 μm (main image; Left) and 20 μm (Magnified images After adjusting for read depth and mitochondrial read counts all high-quality cells were merged into an unbatched and comparable dataset for subsequent principal component analysis (See methods) we clearly defined the cell subpopulation compositions in BALFs providing an information-rich dataset for accurate annotation and comprehensive analysis of these cell types at different resolutions suggesting their function in secreting antigen-specific antibodies These findings indicate that effective B cell activation and antibody production may play an important role in bacterial pneumonia the data revealed that each disease state in patients with bacterial pneumonia might exhibit a unique immunological fingerprint Myeloid cells are the primary contributors to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in severe patients Colored based on the eight major cell types (top left) eight hyper-inflammatory cell subtypes (top right) b Pie charts depicting the relative contribution of each inflammatory cell subtype to the cytokine and inflammatory scores in severe patients c Heatmap depicting the expression of cytokines within each hyper-inflammatory cell subtype identified d Lollipop chart depicting the relative contribution of the top ten cytokines in patients with severe disease e Box plots of cytokine expression based on scRNA-seq and plasma profiling for healthy controls Significance was evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction significance was evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction (*p < 0.05 f Heatmap plots of the sum of significant interaction among the eight hyper-inflammatory cell subtypes g Dot plot of the interactions among inflammatory macrophages in severe patients P values are indicated by the circle sizes This underscores the significance of the hyper-inflammatory cell subsets and molecules (CXCL8 and S100A8/A9) as possible therapeutic targets for mitigating the immunopathogenesis seen in severely infected pneumonia patients These findings provide molecular insights into the potential mechanisms underlying complex network of interactions between hyperinflammatory cell subsets in severe pneumonia Immunological features of CD4+ T cell subsets a The clustering result (Left row) of 15 CD4+ T cell types (right row) from 74 samples colored according to the CD4+ T cell subtype b Correlation between plasmablast with Tfh cells in mild patients c Dot plots showing the expression of selected genes in Th2 cells across disease conditions d UMAPs illustrating IFN-I response and unhelped signature scores for each CD4+ T cell The red circle highlights the CD4T_14_Exhaustion cluster which is characterized by high expression of interferon-I (IFN-I) response genes and an unhelped T cell signature e Flow cytometry plots showing gating strategy and typical exhausted molecules in CD8+T cells from bacterial pneumonia (Top row: severe bacterial pneumonia; Bottom row: mild bacterial pneumonia) f Dot plots showing the cell exhaustion-related markers in CD4_13_Pro and CD4T_14_Exhaustion across disease conditions g Venn diagram illustrating the number of upregulated genes in CD4+ T cells h Enriched GO biological process terms for upregulated genes in CD4+ T cells from mild (Left) and severe (Right) disease i Dot plots showing CD4+ T cells related genes across disease conditions these findings suggest a coordinated response between T cells and B cells in mild patients leading to effective humoral immunity against bacteria which appears to become uncoupled in severe patients the regulatory function of Treg cells appears to be associated with the development of immune tolerance and the persistence of bacterial infections in severely affected patients our findings suggest that the CD4+ T cell response in patients with mild symptoms primarily supports immune protection it contributes to both inflammatory reactions and immunosuppression Immunological features of CD8+ T cell subsets a The clustering result (Left row) of seven CD8+ T cell types (right row) from 37 samples b PAGA analysis of CD8+ T cell pseudo-time: the associated cell type and the corresponding status are listed c Box plots showing the exhausted scores in CD8_04_Exhaustion and CD8_05_Pro subsets across disease conditions Significance was evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction (*p < 0.05 d Dot plots showing the cell exhaustion-related markers in CD8_04_Exhaustion and CD8_05_Pro subsets across disease conditions e Flow cytometry plots showing gating strategy and typical exhausted molecules in CD8+ T cells from patients with severe (top row) and mild (below row) bacterial pneumonia f UMAPs illustrating IFN-I response and unhelped signature scores for each CD8+ T cell g Dot plots showing the cytotoxicity-related genes in CD8+ T cell subsets in patients with bacterial pneumonia h Venn diagram illustrating the number of upregulated genes in CD8+ T cells i Dot plots showing the activation-related genes in CD8+ T cell across disease conditions these data suggest that the exhaustion observed in the CD8T_04_Exhaustion and CD8T_05_Pro subsets may be driven by ongoing type I IFN signaling coupled with a lack of adequate CD4+ T cell assistance the enhanced expression of various cytolytic molecules in CD8+ T cells may be associated with immune protection in patients with mild conditions These findings suggest that CD8 cells have undergone complete activation particularly in individuals with mild symptoms a The clustering result (Left row) of neutrophil subtypes (right row) from 74 samples colored according to the neutrophil subtype b UMAP plot of neutrophil clusters showing disease distribution c PAGA analysis of neutrophil pseudo-time: the associated cell type and the corresponding status are listed d Heatmap plots of selected genes in immature neutrophil subset across disease conditions and S100A12 in immature neutrophil subset across disease conditions f Heatmap plots of the sum of significant interaction between immature neutrophil clusters (Neu_01/02_Immature) and T cell subtypes in severe patients g Venn diagram illustrating the number of upregulated genes in neutrophils h Enriched GO biological process terms for upregulated genes in neutrophils from severe disease i Box plots showing the functional scores in neutrophils across disease conditions These findings indicate that immature neutrophils may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe bacterial infections in patients by promoting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) these findings highlight potential targets for further investigation into the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for severe bacterial infections these findings reveal that neutrophil heterogeneity and their gene expression profiles may play an important role in the immune response to bacterial infections with heightened neutrophil activity potentially linked to disease severity and dysregulation of the immune system a The clustering result (Left row) of macrophage subtypes (right row) from 74 samples colored according to the macrophage subtype b Pie charts depicting the relative percentage of macrophage subtype in mild (Left row) and severe (Right row) patients c Box plots showing the expression scores of PD-L1 and IDO1 in macrophage subtypes d Dot plots showing the inflammation-related genes in macrophage subtypes e Venn diagram illustrating the number of upregulated genes in Macro_03_M1 f Enriched GO biological process terms for upregulated genes in Macro_03_M1 from severe disease g Heatmap plots of the sum of significant interaction between Macro_03_M1 and T cell subsets h A representative multicolor immunohistochemical (IHC) stained lung section from the SBP group is shown and CD8+PD1+ T cells are indicated by green Interactions between macrophages and CD8+ T cell subsets are highlighted with white dotted arrows 2000 μm (main image; Left) and 20 μm (Magnified images implying that they are important drivers of the inflammatory response which may lead to increased tissue damage and disease severity these findings highlight that M1- and M2-like macrophages may play pivotal roles in both immune suppression and inflammation contributing to the difficulty in managing bacterial infections and leading to the worse prognosis observed in severely ill patients the Macro_03_M1 cluster in severe patients is marked by a combination of immunosuppression highlighting its multifaceted role in the pathology of severe infections understanding these interactions between M-MDSCs (Macro_03_M1) and T cell subtypes provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies to enhance immune function in severe bacterial pneumonia could inform the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a decrease in the proportion of most other major immune cell types was found in patients particularly in those with severe bacterial pneumonia implying a potential suppression of the adaptive immune response and proliferating B cells were uniquely enriched in mild patients suggesting a more robust adaptive immune response in these individuals This is supported by plasma B cells showing greater expression of genes that encode the IgG constant regions indicating their role in secreting antigen-specific antibodies these results highlight the heterogeneity of immune responses in bacterial pneumonia Eight hyperinflammatory cell subsets were identified in patient BALF indicating targeted rather than global inflammatory dysregulation including one macrophage subset (Macro_02_M1) and three neutrophil subsets (Neu_01_Immature were identified as the primary contributors to the inflammatory cytokine storm These subsets collectively accounted for over 80% of the inflammatory signature and exhibited a marked increase in abundance within the severe patient cohort despite their shared role in driving the cytokine storm these subtypes displayed distinct pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles highlighting the diverse mechanisms contributing to disease severity primarily produced by inflammatory neutrophil subtypes were central mediators of the cytokine storm a finding corroborated by both gene expression and plasma protein level validation extensive chemokine-mediated crosstalk was observed between these hyperinflammatory subtypes particularly involving inflammatory macrophages expressing a diverse repertoire of chemokine receptors This complex interplay likely amplifies the inflammatory response targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at these specific inflammatory subsets potentially through modulation of S100A8/A9 and CXCL8 may offer more effective treatment strategies for mitigating the severe inflammatory pathology associated with bacterial pneumonia Further studies are warranted to investigate these targeted therapies and elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying this intricate inflammatory crosstalk our results revealed a dichotomous role of their responses in bacterial pneumonia with mild cases characterized by robust Tfh and cytotoxic CD8+T cell responses that likely contribute to effective bacterial clearance while severe cases exhibit features of immune dysregulation and impaired T cell function in conjunction with increased plasmablasts and upregulation of genes related to B cell activation suggests an effective humoral immune response in mild patients which is crucial for producing high-affinity antibodies and establishing long-term immunity potentially contributing to disease progression While both mild and severe cases exhibited T cell exhaustion characterized by upregulated inhibitory receptors (e.g. and TIM-3) and exhaustion-associated transcription factors (PTPN6/11 exhausted CD8+ T cells retained robust cytotoxic function evidenced by high expression of cytotoxic molecules (e.g. potentially reflecting a compensatory mechanism to maintain control over bacterial replication severe cases showed diminished CD8+ T cell responses with fewer proliferating and effector CD8 + T cells coupled with the expansion of a specific Treg subset (CD4T_04_Treg) expressing high levels of immunosuppressive TGF-β further points towards an immunosuppressive milieu in severe cases that likely hinders bacterial clearance our results highlight the importance of dissecting disease heterogeneity of T cells in bacterial pneumonia as targeting specific T cell subsets or modulating the T cell response may offer tailored therapeutic strategies for different disease severities play a role in exacerbating an overly inflammatory condition in severe cases These immature neutrophils exhibit heightened levels of typical pro-inflammatory substances like S100A8/9/12 and CXCL8 along with markers of NETosis such as PADI4 which likely fuel the cytokine storm seen in severe infections the increased expression of ARG1 in immature neutrophils and their interaction with effector T cells via HLA-E-KLRC/D/K1 and ICAM1/ITGAL axes suggest a potential involvement in suppressing T cell responses further compromising adaptive immunity in severe patients marked by excessive inflammation and compromised T cell activity highlights a potential mechanism driving disease severity in bacterial pneumonia these data emphasize the importance of targeting specific neutrophil subtypes and inflammatory pathways as a potential therapeutic strategy for severe cases of bacterial pneumonia Our analysis underscores the dual role of macrophages in bacterial pneumonia contributing to both immune dysregulation and inflammation particularly in those with severe manifestations alveolar macrophages were found to be depleted while M1- and M2-like macrophages increased These cells displayed elevated expression of immunosuppressive molecules (PD-L1 and IDO1) suggesting their involvement in suppressing T cell responses a characteristic feature of severe disease This immunosuppressive function was further corroborated by their interaction with exhausted and effector T cells via the HLA-I-KIR axis which is known to inhibit T cell activation and function these M-MDSCs also had a pro-inflammatory profile with elevated pro-inflammatory molecules (including S100A12 and CXCL8) that likely contributed to the exacerbation of lung inflammation and tissue damage simultaneously suppressing T cells and promoting inflammation represents a critical mechanism underlying the severity of bacterial pneumonia either by inhibiting their immunosuppressive function or mitigating their inflammatory capacity may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for severe cases of bacterial pneumonia There are important limitations to the interpretation of our study this study used BALF samples taken from only one timepoint throughout the patients’ illness thereby offering a limited perspective on its dynamic progression further investigations incorporating longitudinal sampling are recommended to capture the temporal variations in immune cell populations and gene expression profiles throughout the infection and recovery phases which primarily reflects the immune environment of the alveolar region bacterial pneumonia may also affect other lung compartments (e.g. incorporating analysis of additional lung regions may provide a more comprehensive insight into the immune response landscape in bacterial pneumonia our study comprehensively maps the immune landscape of the lung microenvironment in bacterial pneumonia revealing distinct immune profiles correlated with disease severity Severe bacterial pneumonia was characterized by a heightened inflammatory response primarily driven by specific macrophage and neutrophil subsets mild bacterial pneumonia exhibited a robust Tfh and Th2 cell response that promotes effective humoral immunity Dysregulated neutrophil and macrophage responses contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of severe disease These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for modulating immune responses and improving clinical outcomes in bacterial pneumonia This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army of China (Ethics No All patients or their legal representatives provided written informed consent prior to participation Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: (1) Age <18 years; (2) Viral pneumonia; (3) Autoimmune diseases; (4) Immunosuppression (e.g. HIV infection with CD4+ T count <200 cells/mL); (5) Comorbidities (e.g. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected immediately after patients were diagnosed with mild or severe bacterial pneumonia To minimize the impact of regional heterogeneity BALF was performed on the lung segment exhibiting the most severe or recent radiographic evidence of infection This targeted sampling strategy aimed to ensure that the collected BALF reflected the most clinically relevant aspects of the patient’s pulmonary infection BALF samples from patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia underwent immediate processing (within 2 h) BALF was filtered using a 100-μm nylon cell strainer and subsequently suspended in a chilled These freshly isolated cells then underwent 10x Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing To mitigate the risk of blood cell contamination red blood cells were lysed using a dedicated lysis buffer during the BALF processing procedure was rigorously assessed during the data quality control stage to ensure the absence of contamination within the final BALF dataset Single-cell RNA sequencing libraries were prepared using the Chromium Single Cell 5’ Kit v2 (10x Genomics; PN-1000263) following the manufacturer’s protocol Sequencing was performed on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer with 2x150bp paired-end reads Unsupervised cell clustering was performed in two consecutive rounds with the function: sc.tl.louvain The first round (Louvain resolution 2.0) successfully delineated eight major cell types: plasmablasts Canonical marker genes were then used to manually annotate subclusters within these major cell types These subclusters are representative of distinct immune cell lineages the sc.tl.rank_genes_groups function was used to identify cluster-specific signature genes which were then cross-referenced to established gene markers to confirm correct annotations Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the sc.tl.rank_genes_groups function in Scanpy with the parameter use_raw=True DEGs were determined based on cluster membership or disease condition using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test with an adjusted p value <0.01 and a fold-change threshold >1.5 CellPhoneDB analysis of ligand-receptor interactions was performed with parameters set to alpha = 0.01 and p value threshold = 0.01 which normalizes the expression of genes within predefined gene sets to reference genes Statistical comparisons of cell state scores between disease phases were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction Central and peripheral lung tissue sections from each lobe were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and processed for histological examination Sections (1 mm thick) were cut from FFPE blocks using a Tissue-Tek Prisma Plus automated staining system and Tissue-Tek Film (Sakura) following standard protocols and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Freshly harvested tissues were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was performed on 4-μm tissue sections using the PANO 7-plex IHC Kit (cat#0004100100 Panovue) according to the manufacturer’s protocol and subjected to heat-mediated antigen retrieval in citrate acid buffer (pH 6.0) using microwave incubation Following a 10-min incubation with a blocking buffer at room temperature sections were incubated with primary antibodies against CD8 (CST70306 Sections were then incubated with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (anti-rabbit or anti-mouse) for 10 min at room temperature Signal amplification was performed using tyramide signal amplification reagents (0004100100 Nuclei were counterstained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and stained slides were scanned using the Mantra System (PerkinElmer) R and Python were used for statistical analyses and visualization the following symbols were used to represent p values: ns (p > 0.05) Customized data analysis scripts utilized in this study are available upon reasonable request Infection and co-infection patterns 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of single-cell data with Harmony SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis From Louvain to Leiden: guaranteeing well-connected communities PAGA: graph abstraction reconciles clustering with trajectory inference through a topology preserving map of single cells Single-cell transcriptome atlas revealed bronchoalveolar immune features related to disease severity in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrahepatic and peripheral immune characteristics related to disease phases in HBV-infected patients Serum-integrated omics reveal the host response landscape for severe pediatric community-acquired pneumonia Download references We gratefully acknowledge the participation of Beijing Digitf Biotechnology Co. (Beijing) for the support of data analysis (Qingdao) for the support of cloud computing platform (Beijing) for construction of single-cell sequencing Library Ranran Gao (Analytical BioSciences) and Xiaochen Pan (Yiyan) and Penglei Yang (Yiyan) for their contribution Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine) for assistance with H&E and IHC data analysis and Servicebio Co. (Wuhan) for their support with IHC experiments This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (Grant No the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos Laurence Don Wai Luu was supported by a UTS Chancellor’s Research Fellowship These authors contributed equally: Kun Xiao College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine department Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 hospital The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Anzhen hospital afflicted to Capital medical university conceptualized the study and contributed materials and reagents contributed to the analysis tools and performed the software; Y.Ca. All authors have read and approved the article The authors declare no competing interests Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-02093-8 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Thanks for visiting ! The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy. We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here. #comp-lvqlknop_r_comp-lwwdvtpl__item1 {aspect-ratio: 1;}The Plant BaseThe Plant Base is the go to B2B news platform for the plant-based food and beverage industry RefreshmentRefreshment is your ultimate resource for staying informed and up-to-date on the water cooler The Cell BaseThe Cell Base provides insights for professionals to stay informed exchange ideas and explore new cell-based opportunities SubscribeAccess more as a FoodBev subscriberSign up to FoodBev and unlock more insights from the international food and beverage industry. Subscribers have access to webinars, newsletters, publications and more... Baby food pouches found to fall short on nutrition Some of the UK’s best-known baby food brands have come under fire following a BBC Panorama investigation that found widespread nutritional shortcomings and potentially misleading marketing practices in popular baby food pouches fruit and yogurt pouches from Ella’s Kitchen revealed that several products contain high levels of free sugars – sometimes more than a one-year-old should consume in a day – and very low amounts of key nutrients like iron and vitamin C Savoury pouches marketed as meals were found to contribute less than 5% of an infant's recommended daily iron intake One meat-based pouch from Heinz contained just 0.3mg of iron per serving – a fraction of the 7.8mg required daily Some fruit pouches promoted as containing 'no added sugar' were found to contain the equivalent of four teaspoons of sugar due to the blending process breaking down fruit cell walls a form of sugar that dental experts say is especially damaging for babies Vitamin C degradation during manufacturing was also flagged with Piccolo’s Pure Mango pouch showing virtually no vitamin C remaining after processing Experts told the BBC that such products should only be used occasionally as part of a varied weaning diet and that parents are being misled by “halo marketing” — phrases such as “packed with goodness” or “as nutritionally good as homemade” giving a false impression of healthfulness head of policy and advocacy at The Food Foundation said: “Policies are urgently needed to protect the health of our youngest children and ensure they have the best start in life The existing early years nutrition policies are weak and the extent of claims on packaging is just one area where the government needs to step up to protect both children and their parents from misleading marketing.” Get in touchWould you like to be interviewed by FoodBev Media or share a recent innovation with us?  Click here to contact us PhotoVogueのアジア地域限定公募についての詳細はこちら。 we deeply value the voices and perspectives of our global community After receiving feedback from artists and community members we’ve taken time to reflect on how this initiative can be more inclusive we have broadened the scope of the open call to include all regions that make up East and Southeast Asia welcoming submissions from everyone who identifies with this heritage We are grateful for your engagement and remain committed to fostering a platform that celebrates diverse stories and identities Note: the article on Picter will be updated accordingly) In celebration of the vibrant cultures and rich visual storytelling traditions of East and Southeast Asia PhotoVogue is launching a Regional Open Call for photographers and videomakers from these regions This initiative aims to discover and promote the most talented visual artists from East and Southeast Asia, providing them with opportunities to emerge and collaborate within the Condé Nast global network. The call welcomes all genres—from fashion to documentary, fine art to reportage—and invites submissions from those working in photography and/or video. It is open to anyone who identifies with the heritage of East and Southeast Asia, whether based in the region or elsewhere in the world. Applicants must be at least 18 years old. Chiron DuongWe are seeking diverse voices that reflect the region’s multicultural essence, capturing both its rapidly evolving urban landscapes and deeply rooted cultural heritage. Submissions will be evaluated by a jury composed of Condé Nast editors from across the globe. A curated selection of the best submissions will be featured across Vogue’s global network, with selected artists potentially collaborating on editorial projects. The most outstanding works will also be showcased at the next edition of the PhotoVogue Festival. In addition, three artists will receive a total of $8,000 in grants—details below. Keep an eye out! Throughout the duration of the open call, we’ll be rolling out exciting opportunities in collaboration with various Vogue editions across the region—offering even more ways to showcase and support emerging talent. PhotoVogue is a global Condé Nast initiative offering artists the opportunity to be published and commissioned across its 32 markets and commercial partners. Its global reach extends to events, exhibitions, portfolio reviews, and talks—fostering creativity and diversity in image-making. PhotoVogue’s mission is to champion talent, engage underrepresented communities, and enhance visual literacy—shaping a more just, ethical, and inclusive visual world. To scout for talent worldwide, PhotoVogue promotes both Global and Regional Open Calls focused on specific regions and communities. Photographers and videomakers from East and Southeast Asia, including members of the diaspora, working across all visual genres. This Open Call welcomes photography, video, and multimedia projects across all artistic genres. The jury will consist of Vogue editors from around the world, ensuring a broad and inclusive perspective. PhotoVogue reserves the right to include or disqualify participants based on adherence to our Code of Conduct, ensuring our platform remains a safe, inclusive, and respectful space for all members of our community. A total of $8,000 in grants will be awarded to three outstanding artists: $4,500 – Outstanding Vision GrantFor an artist whose work redefines creative boundaries and sets new artistic standards. $2,000 – Vision GrantFor an artist with a unique perspective and a strong artistic voice. $1,500 – Rising Voice GrantFor a promising artist whose work shows originality and strong potential. Be showcased at the next edition of the PhotoVogue Festival Have the opportunity to be published in Vogue editions worldwide Be selected to participate in the next PhotoVogue Virtual Portfolio Reviews Stay tuned for more exciting announcements and opportunities related to this Open Call—we’ll be sharing updates throughout the duration of the call. Algiers, February 19, 2025 – FIAT El Djazair announces the launch of the new Fiat Doblò Panorama, a versatile leisure activity vehicle designed to meet all the mobility needs of Algerian families. With this third model produced at the Tafraoui plant, the FIAT brand takes a new step in Algeria by offering a vehicle that combines the comfort of a sedan with the modularity of a utility vehicle. Inside, it incorporates a new steering wheel displaying the FIAT logo, as well as a new dashboard and new fabrics for the seats. It offers a boot capacity of 775 liters, which can be expanded to 3000 liters by folding the rear seats and the front passenger seat, making it a true utility vehicle when needed. Starting from February 19, 2025, interested customers can register at any FIAT El Djazair dealership to order their Doblò Panorama. the first conscious fashion photography festival that focuses on the common ground between ethics and aesthetics BASE Milano will host a series of exhibitions and talks analysing the interrelation between humans and Nature and the relations of kinship we can create with animals complemented by satellite events at the city's finest galleries The exhibitions at the PhotoVogue Festival include: “The Tree of Life: A Love Letter to Nature” Check 2025 and past exhibitions here The “Latin American Panorama” exhibition celebrates the creativity from Latin America and its diaspora Created in occasion of Vogue Mexico & Latin America’s 25th anniversary the Local open call has gathered talented artists whose works depict the multilayered essence of the region From environmental and documentary to fashion photography through their work the artists will deal with urgent matters and analyse the multiculturalism of the region The exhibition on display at BASE features work by 42 photographers and video makers selected by a jury comprising Condé Nast staff from across the globe and experts from the international visual community. Alessandro Bo Allan Salas Ana Margarita Flores based in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Angela Ponce Christopher Pérez Diego Bendezu Diego Moreno Diego Vourakis Dolores Medel Enrique Leyva Fabiola Ferrero Federico Estol Félix Márquez Fernanda Pineda Gabriel Gómez Gastón Zilberman Gleeson Paulino Gui Christ Irina Werning Javier Álvarez Johanna Alarcón Juan Brenner Karla Read Marcelo Pérez del Carpio Marisol Méndez Mauricio Holc Pedro Silveira Rafael Paiva Salvador Saavedra Sara Aliaga Sara Meneses Cuapio Sebastián Gil Miranda Sebastián Lopez Brach Sergio Pontier Silvana Trevale Thais Vandanezi Viridiana Xavier Revuelta For more about the PhotoVogue Festival 2025, check out: All you need to know about the PhotoVogue Festival 2025 Hotel Panorama celebrates a major construction milestone as its structural build is completed bringing Adelaide’s most exciting new hospitality project closer to its 2026 opening The Hurley Hotel Group’s latest project has just hit a major milestone with the completion of the structural build celebrated at a ‘Topping Off’ party on Wednesday and the finished product is shaping up to be something truly special Hotel Panorama is the group’s most biggest project to date With plans to open its doors in March 2026 this new addition to Adelaide’s southern suburbs is set to offer more than just a place to stay for visitors It’s going to be a great spot for locals too will offer stunning ocean views that are sure to impress drawing visitors from across Adelaide to unwind and relax two function rooms on the top floor will boast breathtaking vistas of the Adelaide Hills providing the ideal setting for special events and a gaming room will be on the ground floor you’ll be able to hang out in the large outdoor area featuring a giant three-metre screen under a gum tree or just enjoying the vibe catching up with friends or family Hotel Panorama will have 77 rooms across three floors The hotel’s location will be extremely handy for people visiting the nearby Flinders Hospital and the South Australian Leisure and Aquatic Centre Wine lovers are already enjoying the Panorama Hurley Cellars which has opened to the public The Cellars feature a carefully selected range of premium wines and a tasting table for regular masterclasses couldn’t be more excited about the project’s progress “We are thrilled to reach this stage—the highest point of the structural build of Hotel Panorama is something entirely new for the southern suburbs of Adelaide Oakley also noted the job opportunities the hotel will bring to the community we’ll be hiring between 150 and 200 new staff members which will add to the over 650 people already working with the Hurley Hotel Group It’s exciting to be creating new jobs and expanding our team.” this hotel is shaping up to be the go-to spot in the southern suburbs Get ready to experience it all when it opens in March 2026 Hotel PanoramaWhere: Goodwood Road, PanoramaWhen: Completed March 2026For more information, click here Over 100 South Australian wine producers are showcasing their best to international importers this.. South Australian councils can now apply for a share of $1.4 million in funding.. Enjoy a fun and interactive dining experience where you can make your own Okonomiyaki.. We think we've found Adelaide's first guinea pig cafe Cosmo’s Pizza is opening beneath Hindley Street Music Hall this May relaxed contemporary dining and polished retail quite like King William Road.. Glam Adelaide is a news website dedicated to bringing you the best of South Australia we pride ourselves in supporting local business We would like to acknowledge the Kaurna people as the custodians of the lands and waters of the Adelaide region Get the latest SA news for free via our iPhone app here: https://apps.apple.com/au/app/glam-adelaide/id1626204930 Get the latest SA news for free via our new Android app here: https://play.google.com/store/search?q=glam+adelaide&c=apps&hl=en&pli=1 Glam Adelaide has today launched an app for readers all over SA Following a viral video showing tensions in the community Adelaide has become home to many a High Tea spots that are perfect for.. Stephen Noonan is bringing his much loved show The Boy and the Ball to.. Wrong Turn At Lungfish is of exceptional quality and an unmitigated stand out South Australia will see mixed weather conditions atPanorama Farm Invitational Photo by: 2024 Sideline MediaCross Country Competes at Panorama Farms10/19/2024 | Cross Country Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker COLORADO SPRINGS — There are now gates at the entrance to Panorama Park in Colorado Springs It is a safety measure driven by locals watching out for their neighborhood park a multi-million-dollar renovation to the park was completed “It had some tremendous input from the neighborhoods and neighborhood groups and they've done an outstanding job of just keeping the neighborhood watch going at panorama We've had a lot of feedback,” said Eric Becker with Colorado Springs Parks really looking out after the park to make sure they're protected,” said Becker Neighbors noticed a difference between people hanging out at the park for fun during the day and questionable activity after park hours end Gates have proven a successful solution to preventing illegal activity at more than a dozen other parks Colorado Springs parks At memorial park gates were installed in 2023 as one tool of a safey plan that also included improved lighting and security cameras Police data shows a 21-percent drop in criminal offenses compared to the previous year “It's been very effective at reducing the numbers of after out call outs by CSPD because of neighbors watching out for the park,” said Becker Gates are expected to also help at Panorama Park There's more work happening along the I-25 Gap and it seems unusual Watch KOAA News5 on your time, anytime with our free streaming app available for your Roku, FireTV, AppleTV and Android TV. Just search KOAA News5 Report a typo The Blue Devils competed in the Panorama Farms Invitational Saturday their final race before postseason competition featured a few ACC cross country powerhouses in Wake Forest but Duke held its own and made sizable improvements The men’s team finished at an impressive fifth place out of 18 teams and the women’s team placed eighth out of 14 teams “This is the most positive our team has been,” said head coach Kevin Jermyn after the race and we aren’t where we hope to be by the end of the season but we have made significant progress.” Though this race was only the second regular-season meet that the top group of Duke’s runners competed in the team came together nicely just in time to head into the postseason sophomore Hattie Reynolds and freshman Caroline Hood stole the show “This was the best cross country race that I’ve ever seen from Hattie and Caroline," Jermyn said Caroline had a muscle strain that bothered her in Chicago but today was a reinforcement of the type of person we are seeing week in and week out They are both running at a level that is going to make us competitive in both the ACC and nationally.” and sophomore Lindsay Hausman (78th) rounded out the top-five for the women’s squad The men’s side showed promise as just 30 seconds separated the first from the fifth best runners for the Blue Devils What’s most notable about Stanley’s performance was the way in which he moved up throughout the race Stanley came through the 2K mark all the way back in 45th but then jumped to 39th after the 4K and up to 27th after the 6K He then overtook six more runners in the final two kilometers to finish 21st overall Only 12 seconds behind him was senior Duncan Miller finished out a strong performance from the men’s squad Jermyn believes that this race has been a strong representation of the training the team has put in over the past several months He also notes that with every race comes more experience and the team is starting to put what they’ve learned to use “Having one race under our belt led to a lot of natural improvement the only time we go all-out is on race day We use early season races as the most important workout in each two-week training cycle,” he said Having just completed their final race of the regular season, the Blue Devils turn their attention to the postseason. Their journey will begin at the ACC championships Nov. 1 at the WakeMed Soccer Park in Cary. The team is familiar with this course as they competed in the Adidas XC Challenge at the same location back in September Jermyn made it clear that while the Blue Devils had a strong showing today “We want to place well at the ACC championships and the NCAA regionals,” Jermyn said He described that the way to achieve these goals is by “making sure each runner has an idea of what helps them run their best race and making sure we are optimizing as many individual game plans as we can within a team setting.” Share and discuss “Duke cross country wraps up regular season in strong showing at Panorama Farms Invitational” on social media The Treno Gottardo runs from three cities in the north to the sunny city of Locarno in the south—crossing the Alps along the way Evie Carrick is a writer and editor who’s lived in five countries and visited well over 50 She now splits her time between Colorado and Paris ensuring she doesn't have to live without skiing or L'As du Fallafel Mars.Perseverance Rover Panorama of Mars’ Jezero Crater Jet Propulsion Laboratory https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ Dec 2024Travel along a steep slope up to the rim of Mars’ Jezero Crater in this panoramic image captured by NASA’s Perseverance just days before the rover reached the top The scene shows just how steep some of the slopes leading to the crater rim can be The rover used its Mastcam-Z camera system to capture this view on Dec the rover was about 1,150 feet (350 meters) from the top of the crater rim - a location the science team calls “Lookout Hill.” The rover reached Lookout Hill on Dec 10 after a climb of 3½ months and 1,640 vertical feet (500 vertical meters) For more about Perseverance: science.nasa.gov/mission/mars-2020-perseverance NASA Orbiter Spots Curiosity Rover Making Tracks to Next Science Stop Image. Curiosity Looks Downslope From the Sulfate Unit Image. Image. Curiosity on the Road to Boxwork Formations News. NASA’s Curiosity Rover May Have Solved Mars’ Missing Carbonate Mystery Image. Curiosity Surveys the 'Ubajara' Sampling Site on Mars News. NASA’s Perseverance Mars Rover Studies Trove of Rocks on Crater Rim Image. Image. Image. The Independent's journalism is supported by our readers When you purchase through links on our site CommentThere’s a shocking amount of sugar hidden in baby food pouches – and parents have no ideaCaregivers looking for convenience food for their children trust labels that promise nutrition and ‘no nasties’, writes Dayna Brackley But the real betrayal is that brands sell products high in sugar and low in vital nutrients – under a veneer of ‘health’ Tonight, BBC Panorama exposes a reality many parents will find difficult to stomach: the baby food pouches and snacks lining our supermarket shelves are failing our youngest children I used these pouches, too. Ten years ago, as a tired, time-pressed mum, I trusted these products The packaging was friendly; the labels promised “organic” and “no nasties” Now, after years working in food policy, I can see how misplaced that trust was. These weren’t simply convenient options – they were sugar-laden products shaping my children’s diets at a crucial stage which analysed over 600 baby and toddler foods sold across the UK’s biggest supermarkets A quarter of all products were so high in sugar that they would trigger a front-of-pack warning label under World Health Organisation guidelines More than 40 per cent of main meals had high sugar levels and over half of snacks contained added sugars In fruit pouches – now a common part of many young children’s diets – 71 per cent of the calories came from sugar These products were also consistently cheaper, making the sweetest options even more likely to end up in shopping baskets Nearly half of parents say they use these products most of the time and four in 10 parents with babies under six months use them every day The consequences are real – and already visible. Babies are being fed foods that are too sweet, too smooth and introduced too early. Experts, including the British Dental Association, have warned that baby foods high in sugar can lead to poor dental health Nursery managers and dietitians have raised the alarm that toddlers are arriving at nursery unable to handle textured meals Research indicates that frequent use of these products can also contribute to preferences for sweet food and obesity No parent should feel guilty for having to resort to using convenience foods – but aggressive marketing has made it harder to know what’s truly good for babies Brands present themselves as trusted partners – promoting health care and sustainability – in an attempt to build brand loyalty under the guise of helpfulness The same brands line the streets and shelves as children grow Products flaunting “30 per cent less sugar” with an asterisk five types of sugar and multiple kinds of chocolate This isn’t about supporting parents; it’s about selling sugary snacks under a veneer of health Parents deserve better than sinister marketing disguised as care The rules on baby food are being broken – and the government knows it There are no limits on how much sugar can be added to baby foods Six years ago, a review by Public Health England found many baby foods were too high in sugar and salt. Since then, the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) has failed to deliver promised voluntary guidelines – and even if they do the World Health Organisation’s model sets clear limits bans misleading claims and protects against the early introduction of solids – although the UK has not adopted it The House of Lords has called for urgent action. A recent report on food and obesity recommended banning the marketing of follow-on and toddler milks and introducing mandatory standards for all baby and toddler foods by the end of 2025 The government responded by claiming to have “comprehensive regulations” already in place – despite baby foods being marketed for babies as young as four months in clear conflict with NHS official advice regarding weaning Since the Panorama investigation was launched brands have confirmed they are set to change this practice – though for many parents And if you’re as angry as I am, take action. It’s easy to email your MP – the Children’s Food Campaign has a ready-to-go message you can send today When brands put profit over babies’ health it’s the government’s job to step in – not look away Dayna Brackley is a partner at food policy consultancy Bremner & Co and specialises in child health Panorama: The Truth About Baby Food Pouches is on BBC1 at 8.00pm More aboutSugarBBC PanoramaChild HealthBaby foodJoin our commenting forumJoin thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies It took over a decade to make and includes more than 600 photos As the Milky Way galaxy’s nearest neighbor, Andromeda has long captivated astronomers. A century ago, Edwin Hubble, for whom the Hubble Space Telescope is named, determined that Andromeda, then described as a “spiral nebula,” was actually far outside the Milky Way galaxy. Before this discovery, people believed the Milky Way comprised the entire Universe. Hubble’s discovery instantly transformed humanity’s understanding of the cosmos. Andromeda’s impact continues to be acutely felt, as it offers vital insights into the Milky Way galaxy. “Without Andromeda as a proxy for spiral galaxies in the universe at large, astronomers would know much less about the structure and evolution of our own Milky Way. That’s because we are embedded inside the Milky Way. This is like trying to understand the layout of New York City by standing in the middle of Central Park,” NASA explains. “With Hubble we can get into enormous detail about what’s happening on a holistic scale across the entire disk of the galaxy. You can’t do that with any other large galaxy,” explains principal investigator Ben Williams of the University of Washington. While the newer James Webb Space Telescope has stolen some of Hubble’s legendary thunder, the space telescope remains vital to astronomy and physics. Hubble can take sharp photos, over 600 of which make up the new mosaic. Since Andromeda is so large and relatively close, although still 2.5 million light-years away, NASA describes the task of photographing Andromeda as “herculean.” “Because the galaxy is a much bigger target on the sky than the galaxies Hubble routinely observes, which are often billions of light-years away. The full mosaic was carried out under two Hubble programs. In total, it required over 1,000 Hubble orbits, spanning more than a decade,” NASA explains. The panorama began with the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) program about 10 years ago. Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 captured near-ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength photos of Andromeda’s northern half. The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Southern Treasury (PHAST) program followed, adding about 100 million stars from the southern half of Andromeda. The combined programs cover Andromeda’s entire disk, seen nearly edge-on and tilted by 77 degrees relative to Earth’s view of the galaxy. “This detailed look at the resolved stars will help us to piece together the galaxy’s past merger and interaction history,” says Williams. “Andromeda’s a train wreck. It looks like it has been through some kind of event that caused it to form a lot of stars and then just shut down,” adds Daniel Weisz at the University of California, Berkeley. “This was probably due to a collision with another galaxy in the neighborhood.” As brilliant and detailed as Hubble’s dataset of Andromeda, the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope holds even more promise. Roman is basically a wide-angle version of Hubble and will capture the equivalent of 100 high-resolution Hubble photos in a single exposure. Data from Roman and images collected by the James Webb Space Telescope will complement Hubble’s remarkable contributions. Image credits: NASA, ESA, Benjamin F. Williams (UWashington), Zhuo Chen (UWashington), L. Clifton Johnson (Northwestern); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI) Become a PetaPixel Member and access our content ad-free. © 2025 PetaPixel Inc. All rights reserved. - The Hokies continued the 2024 cross country season at the Panorama Farms Invitational hosted by Virginia on Saturday morning The Panorama Farms Invitational welcomed 18 men's and 14 women's programs to the field with 203 male competitors and 134 female competitors Sharon Chepchirchir led the women's program with a 10th place finish and a personal best in the 6K of 20:53.6 with an average mile of 5:36.  Following Chepchirchir was Katie Bohlke with a 20:57.0 in her first 6K performance with an average mile of 5:36 Virginia Tech Top-7 FinishersMen's 8k - 3rd The Hokies will return to competition on Friday, November 1 for the ACC Cross Country Championships in Cary, N.C. Photo by: Keith Lucas/Sideline Media 2024Cross Country to Race at Panorama Farm Invitational10/18/2024 | Cross Country In response to growing regulatory requirements and the proliferation of tools for measuring the impacts and risks associated with environmental issues this panorama is designed to provide an overview of the ecosystem and help organizations navigate through the range of tools available companies face crucial challenges in assessing and managing their environmental impacts and risks They must respond to growing regulatory pressures Pillar 3 ESG and Solvency 2 (for the banking and insurance sectors) as well as to the increasingly demanding expectations of investors and other stakeholders These pressures can have major consequences on their activities: transforming the business model to respect planetary limits or improving traceability and control of the supply chain are just some of the challenges that all economic players must now face a number of tools are emerging to help companies manage their sustainable performance and draw up transition plans there are general ESG reporting tools that can address all themes There are also a number of specialized carbon reporting tools These two types of tools are not included in this panorama but are the subject of forthcoming Wavestone publications This panorama focuses exclusively on natural resources and materials recovery which represent a relatively less mature field of ESG analysis on the market Many solutions are being developed to help companies gain better control of their environmental data whether this relates to their own activities or to their value chain These solutions adopt different positioning the aim of this panorama is to decipher the environmental data market by offering a structured analysis of the various solutions available It covers BtoB tools for assessing risks and/or impacts in the fields of climate change (physical risks only Based on documentary research (using Wavestone’s Research & Knowledge Center and additional research) and through exchanges with tool providers our experts have listed around a hundred solutions according to 4 analytical axes responding to the analysis framework and requirements of the CSRD: The themes covered are aligned with 4 of the 5 CSRD environmental standards (ESRS – European Sustainability Reporting Standards) Tools can either assess the company’s impact on natural resources or the risks associated with natural resources for companies or even focus specifically on product traceability from an environmental point of view These tools can be applied in a variety of ways They can collect / propose data at the level of a product power plants) or a company’s value chain (suppliers and origin of materials) Each tool has been analyzed according to its ability to address multi/trans-sectoral issues or to deal with problems specific to certain sectors (e.g The figures presented are specific to the study carried out and to the 100 tools listed in this panorama there has been a sharp increase in the number of tools for measuring impacts and risks on natural resources This increase is directly linked to a need to strengthen companies’ sustainable performance management Faced with growing customer demand for compliance some tools are adapting to comply with new environmental regulations such as the CSRD or ISO standards in order to facilitate data reporting and commitments Tools for measuring impacts and risks on resources are increasingly choosing to specialize in a particular sector of activity (financial for example) in order to target certain emerging needs in specific fields Tools are using cross-methodologies and increasingly employing Artificial Intelligence to aggregate data and perform complex calculations to obtain more accurate and efficient results Panorama of data management tools for natural resources and materials valorization Around a hundred companies are listed under 5 categories: Following analysis of the 100 tools listed a limited sample of 17 tools was selected for detailed fact sheets Media coverage: the tools selected enjoy a certain amount of media coverage (press etc.) and have references with companies of similar size and in similar sectors to those of our customers Thematic coverage: tools have been selected to be representative of the various themes covered by the radar but particular attention was paid to the financial and industrial sectors Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" By 2025-05-02T10:40:00+01:00 was content to simply fan the flames of moral panic the programme is back to its hard-hitting and agenda-setting best with The Truth About Baby Food Pouches (BBC One which sent shockwaves across the category and the public consciousness this week Sign in to comment on this article Site powered by Webvision Cloud Learn moreExplore related questionsDiscover more about the topics that matter most Browse our suggested questions or ask your own to find out more 6 Wake Forest Men Gear Up For Panorama Farms Invitational as Women Squad Enters Pre-NCAA Meet Fresh Off First-Place Victory10/18/2024 3:03:00 PM | Cross Country The men’s team is slated to begin at 8:45 a.m. Be one of the first to try our new activity feed An expansion into the resort’s crown jewel gives a cruiser paradise some legit backcountry edge Atop British Columbia’s Panorama Mountain Resort smoke curls from the chimney of a board-and-batten cabin topped with a bright red roof and they constitute something not normally seen at this little-known big mountain: a queue But today is a sunny Saturday at the peak of winter and the 650-square-foot Summit Hut—more like an alpine jewel box than a sprawling ski resort’s premier on-mountain eatery—is Panorama’s most popular place some 30 skiers clink cheers across picnic tables and lounge in Adirondack chairs basking as much in the majestic surround of snow-hammered Purcell crags and Rocky Mountain peaks as in the midwinter sun A huge raven paces the deck railing and preens A helicopter with a ski basket on its side chups briefly overhead The smell of bratwurst drifts through the air “This is just so beautiful,” exclaims a woman from Toronto as she sips a fine B.C two lone skiers glide west from the Summit Hut through a gate marked Taynton Bowl then begin booting up a ridgeline to Panorama’s back side giving a loud caw as the two skiers slip from view Taynton Bowl—former private heli-ski terrain newly expanded and improved for lift-riding guests—is the little-known adventurous side to Panorama’s piste-centric main event “Our core market is the person who wants to ski excellent corduroy,” explains Panorama president and CEO Steve Paccagnan Panorama’s front side features 4,019 vertical feet of broad Imagine two New England classics (like Okemo and Stratton) stacked one on top of the other or Colorado’s Beaver Creek (4,030 vertical feet) with every trail combed to perfection and no other skiers around a kid-friendly complex of outdoor warm pools and activities like maple-syrup taffy-making and night skiing Subtract the machismo that infects most big mountains on powder days Suddenly the presence of so many long-haul travelers adds up: Only seven North American ski areas offer a lift-served rise that’s equal or greater—but Panorama is the lone big mountain where intermediates rule with Taynton Bowl’s latest round of expansion and upgrades it’s also a place where experts can get their fill “You really feel like you’re out here,” says Chris Gent as he glides along the three-quarter-mile ridge from the Summit Hut to Taynton’s far boundary and the occasional cliff band define the 770-acre expanse Three spines divide the bowl into sub-basins and full of float some five days after the most recent storm The spine undulates and breaks both right and left At the bottom of the bowl we glide onto a smooth track that wends 2.5 miles back to the resort’s main base Gent—a veteran of Panorama’s pro patrol—explains that Taynton first opened to resortgoers in the winter of 1999–2000 but presented awkward access (think T-bars and goat paths) Under Intrawest’s ownership (from 1993 to 2010) new lifts brought more skiers to the summit but Taynton remained a niche Panorama’s current owners (a consortium of 25 affluent second-home owners from Alberta and the UK) are continuing the front side’s family focus while tapping Taynton’s potential Four gates now open onto the bowl from different aspects; $264,000 in glading has nearly doubled Taynton’s skiable terrain and eliminated choke points An innovative early-season pass-holder bootpacking program helps mitigate avalanche hazard throughout the season “It used to take up to half a day to open Taynton after snowfall,” Gent says “Now we can get our team into the start zones quickly and have things open for those beautiful powder days nice and early we could have fresh snow in Taynton Bowl for up to a week.” a Bell 206 that once shuttled NASA astronauts to their launch deposits a half-dozen skiers at the red-roofed hut watching the surrounding peaks tint toward alpenglow “There’s a reason they call it Panorama,” someone says preening and prancing along the deck railing everyone (including the chef and his helper) dons headlamps and clicks into skis or snowboards eight people with the big mountain all to themselves hooting and cawing as they carve the freshly combed boulevards all 4,000 vertical feet back to the base Newest and nicest are the roomy condos at 1000 Peaks Panorama Springs Lodge’s direct access to the slopeside pools makes it popular take the family to Monticola for flatbread and finish with “beeramisu,” made with local craft brew a quirky fine-dining mishmash of global flavors Families spend après-ski splashing and soaking at the Panorama Springs pool complex where the 21-mile Whiteway is among the longest groomed outdoor skating tracks in the world a five-minute walk from most Panorama lodgings excels at single-day powder experiences for heli first-timers Even lessdaunting is the Heli Fondue Experience: a short flight to the Summit Hut for a private fondue dinner followed by a ski down freshly groomed pistes or a helicopter ride back to the valley floor Metrics details intelligent audio guides can detect users’ level of attention and help them regain focus we investigate the detection of mind wandering (MW) from eye movements in a use case with a long focus distance We present a novel MW annotation method for combined audio-visual stimuli and collect annotated MW data for the use case of audio-guided city panorama viewing which are able to successfully detect MW in a 1-s time window MW classifiers from gaze features with and without eye vergence are trained (area under the curve of at least 0.80) We then re-validate the classifier with unseen data (study 2 n = 31) that are annotated using a memory task and find a positive correlation (repeated measure correlation = 0.49 p < 0.001) between incorrect quiz answering and the percentage of time users spent mind wandering this paper contributes significant new knowledge on the detection of MW from gaze for use cases with audio-visual stimuli enhancing the responsiveness of audio guides to user behavior can generalize to broader educational tasks by supporting more dynamic and engaging learning experiences similar to those in a classroom or interactive learning environment catching and maintaining the interest and attention of the user is essential for encouraging him/her to learn more about the stimulus there is a need to have a system that takes proactive measures to regain users’ attention and bring them back to the main activity Such a system could maintain users’ interest in continuing to learn more about the stimulus by inciting them to continue learning more about the stimulus changing the style of how the audio contents are presented or asking whether the users would like to switch to other topics that they might be more interested in previous work mainly focused on scenarios where users interact with objects (e.g. video displayed on a computer screen) located relatively close to the users particularly features associated with eye vergence With the goal of enabling an MW-aware audio guide we present and evaluate MW classifiers that can be used as the back-end system of audio guide systems that are capable of interpreting users’ eye movements to recognize when they start MW in real time To achieve this goal, we first position our research within related work (“Related work” section) and then carry out the following steps and approach the research questions associated with them: which we address in this step: (RQ1) Can eye vergence features be used for classifying MW in scenarios with longer focus distances Re-validating the MW classifier (study 2, n = 31, see “Study 2: re-validation of the MW classifier in CAVE” section) Due to the design of the data annotation method of study 1 the training data did not contain any self-reported label as we did not want to artificially interrupt participants during data collection validate our MW classifier in a more realistic task (i.e. by correlating answers to questions from an audio-related quiz with the percentage of time classified as MW Study 2 addresses the research question: (RQ2) Can MW be detected reliably for uninterrupted audio-guided panorama viewing Each study is reported along with its results and a discussion. The paper concludes with an outlook on future work (see “Conclusion and outlook” section) The results show that our classifier reaches high performance even without eye vergence features When salient events or stimuli are detected the salience network suppresses the activity of the DMN and redirects attentional resources toward the relevant stimulus we bring the user back to the task by imposing a salient effect on the audio stimulus it can be challenging for interactive systems because it can lead to missed information and an overall decrease in the quality of interactions it is critical for an intelligent system to be aware of its user’s shifts in attention which only focused on the effect that resulted from the visual stimulus we focus on MW when individuals are exposed to a combination of visual and auditory information and reading text) based on a dataset that uses the probe-caught method which actively stops the participants during the task and collects their response The models were trained with gaze data within a 40-s time window prior to the thought probes The results indicated that cross-domain model training could obtain accuracies (AUROCs of 0.56 to 0.68) comparable to the within-domain models (AUROCs of 0.57 to 0.72) Although cross-domain models seem promising the models cannot be applied directly to our scenario as we focus on detecting MW within a 1-s time window Compared to the focus distance between the screen and the user in video viewing the degree of changes in eye rotation (from focus to “staring to space”) will be less if objects are located further away a tourist fixating on the top of a mountain that is located far away) have a longer focus distance it is yet unclear whether vergence features can be used for classifying MW we consider both commonly used gaze features (e.g. saccade velocities) and eye vergence features for MW detection there is no prior research on real-time gaze-based MW detection during the interaction with a city panorama participants are exposed to a stimulus and asked to press a key once they notice a change (i.e. after which the stimulus returns to its normal state (i.e. While the self-reporting methods have a start time that has to be chosen arbitrarily this method has the advantage that it can be assumed that an MW event had already started at the start of the blurring effect This method allows researchers to record the time interval between the start (i.e. when the stimulus begins to blur) and the end (i.e. We adopt the fine-grained annotation method in our experimental design we randomly blur the auditory stimulus (voice) of an audio guide We conducted a pre-study in order to determine the type of audio blurring and the parameters that can be used for the annotation we manipulated the fade-out mode and fade-out speed of the audio Three levels were considered for fade-out mode: changing volume only (decrease from 100 to 0.01%) changing speech speed only (decrease from 180 to 135 words per minute (wpm)) and changing the volume and speech speed at the same time which translates to a per second decrease of 9/4.5/3 wpm for changes in speech speed and a decrease of 5/2.5/1.67% per second for changes in volume The study was approved by the University’s institutional review board (IRB approval number: EK 2019-N-96) and has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki Results indicated that the required sample size to achieve 80% power for detecting a large effect at a significance criterion of \(\alpha =0.05\) was \(N = 18\) for a 3 × 3 mixed factorial ANOVA analysis ranged 19–37 years) with normal hearing ability were recruited for the pre-study All participants were asked to sign a written informed consent form prior to starting the experiment Participants did not receive any monetary compensation and were allowed to abort the experiment at any time they wanted Results of the pre-study: Average reaction times for different combinations of fade-out mode and fade-out speed We selected the volume fade-out mode combined with fast fade-out speed to be used in the detection of MW in study 1 This choice was based on the fact that participants reported hearing artefacts for change of speech speed Fast fade-out speed was chosen because it had the lowest SD a lower SD implies less variation and a lower chance of false positives (FP) or false negatives (FN) in the collected data The average reaction time of this combination (3.59 s) is used as a parameter in the data analysis of Study 1 The goal of the first study was to collect a reliable ground truth for training a classifier capable of distinguishing between two states (fully focused or MW) from short 1-s windows of eye movement data that can be implemented in an interactive system we address the research question (RQ1) Can eye vergence features be used for classifying MW in scenarios with longer focus distances All participants were recruited via the DeSciL participant recruitment platform of ETH Zurich and were required to have normal or corrected to normal vision (with contact lenses) and normal hearing ability Participants were paid 30 CHF for 75 min of participation and could abort the experiment at any time they wanted The study was approved by the University’s IRB (approval number: EK 2019-N-96) and has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki Experiment setup in the CAVE (study 1) The participant is wearing a head-mounted eye tracker and headphones A keyboard is in front of the participant and connected to the experimenter’s computer participants were asked via a questionnaire about their familiarity with the city (on a 7-point Likert scale) and the way they would like to be alerted in case of MW participants read an information sheet about the experiment and signed a consent form They were then seated on the chair and equipped with the eye tracker Participants were instructed to place the keyboard at a location permitting them to press the space bar without looking at it the experimenter calibrated the eye tracker and told participants that they were allowed to move their head during the experiment to explore the views on their left and right-hand sides All panoramas were shown in a pseudo-random order across participants and the eye tracker was re-calibrated before the viewing of the third and fifth panoramas participants were asked to complete the questionnaires The collected data were segmented into 1-s windows without overlaps Focused data were collected from the first part of the study where the participants were listening to short audio clips and instructed to pay close attention to the panoramas and the audio description A total of 2644 s labelled as “fully focused” were generated Gaze data between “Effect starts” and “Notice effect” were annotated as MW Distribution of focused and MW data for each participant These features were excluded because they cannot reliably be detected in our scenario fixation dispersion was not considered because the dispersion threshold of I-DT was set to the accuracy of the eye tracker (as reported in the specification 0.5° of visual angle) and this resulted in noisy data features related to blinks were not considered because it is hard to distinguish if the missing gaze data are caused by blinking failure in mapping the gaze to the reference image (e.g. looking at the sky leads to not enough good features used for tracking) or the SMI eye tracker lost track of a participant’s gaze We did not perform within-participant feature normalization since our goal is to build a user-independent model that can be generalized to unseen users We trained four machine learning models for MW detection: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, and Multilayer Perception (MLP). The choice of models was based on successful reports of the performance of these models in the relevant literature (see “Gaze-based detection of mind wandering/attention shift” section) The hyperparameters of the four machine learning models were tuned with the following setup: we carried out five iterations of 3-fold cross-validation on the full dataset we selected the hyperparameter based on the number of iterations during which it was consistently chosen as the optimal parameter across 15 trials nine randomly selected participants were left out so that the data from 18 participants were used for training and the remaining data for testing We used a leave-9-participants-out cross-validation because some of the participants had an unbalanced class distribution we used the following hyperparameters for the classifiers: Random Forest with 100 trees SVM with a polynomial kernel and a regularization parameter (C) of 20.0 XGBoost with a learning rate of 0.1 and a maximum depth of 10 We then tested the classifier with another round of five iterations of 3-fold cross-validation to obtain the average performance of the classifier The random seeds used in this testing phase differed from those used in the hyperparameter tuning phase which could also help in avoiding the problem of hyperparameter overfitting SPSS was utilized for all statistical analyses of the questionnaire data The codes and themes of the open-ended questions’ responses were created by one of the authors and iterated to revise The name for each theme was carefully considered to ensure the names truly reflect the meanings The frequencies of the themes were calculated and reported Ablating these critical features led to the anticipated decline in model performance for the Random Forest model trained with vergence features while the F1 score fell from 0.788 to 0.720 The false positive rate remained relatively stable at 0.034 but precision decreased from 0.854 to 0.793 Based on the weights derived from the 15 individual SVM models trained with vergence features we compiled a list of features consistently ranked among the top 10 weighted features These features align closely with those identified through the information gain attribute evaluation as well as the number of saccades per second and the duration ratio of fixation to saccade Participants also reported the type of interaction they would prefer if this had been an interactive system capable of detecting MW while they viewed the panorama (one or more suggestions could be listed). Table 3 presents a summary of the responses Most participants (9 out of 27) suggested either playing an audio cue (e.g. alert sound or warning audio such as “wake up”) Only two participants preferred not to have the system respond in such situations it is possible that focus distances in the CAVE (1.8 m) and video (~ 60 cm) led to substantial differences in vergence and the eventual prediction of MW our classifiers were somewhat conservative in predicting instances of MW which showed that approximately 50% of detected MW was correctly classified which showed that only 5% of detected MW instances were false alarms A low FP rate is important because it can facilitate the interaction (e.g. reduce annoyance) with users leading to higher UX one potential solution can be granting the user control over the interaction by asking participants whether to switch topics instead of switching topics automatically These interaction ideas can be tested in future studies to find out how to assist users in effectively regaining focus The goal of study 2 was to further validate the MW classifier trained from gaze data with eye vergence when it is applied to the scenario of detecting MW in real time Because we did not want to interrupt the participants with probe messages during data collection in Study 1 the training data did not contain any kind of self-reported labels instead of using the labelling method used in Study 1 Study 2 validates the model with unseen data that are annotated based on quiz questions Different from the method of self-reporting the MW experience for which it can be difficult to determine the start or even the end of MW the quiz method helps in determining these because the starting and ending times of the “critical sentence” are known The critical sentence is the only sentence of the audio that contains the answer to the quiz question by assuming that the quiz questions will be answered correctly only if the user is not MW when the critical sentence is mentioned the correlation between correct/false answers and the amount of time having mind-wandered can be used to further assess the validity of the MW classifier 1 discarded) with normal or corrected to normal vision (with contact lenses) and normal hearing ability participated in the study A minimum sample size of N = 31 is required to achieve 90% power for detecting a large effect size the obtained sample size is adequate to test the study hypothesis Participants from Study 1 could not participate in Study 2 Participants were recruited via the same platform as in Study 1 The participants were paid 25 CHF per 60 min and told that they were allowed to abort the experiment at any time The study was approved by the University’s IRB and has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki The detection results were saved into files for further analysis To measure the perceived difficulty of each quiz question participants were asked: “Compared to the question asked in the warm-up task how difficult is the quiz question?” with an 11-point Likert scale ranging from − 5 to + 5 (with negative ratings representing lower difficulty and 0 representing the same difficulty) Participants were given an information sheet and asked to sign the consent form participants sat on the chair at the center of the CAVE and were asked to put on the headphones and eye tracker and place the mouse next to themselves The experimenter then calibrated the eye tracker (3-point calibration) and told participants that they were allowed to move their head during the experiment to explore the views on their left and right-hand sides The experiment started with a warm-up task that contained an introduction audio participants were asked to press a start button once they were ready to begin The questions (quiz and perceived difficulty) for each audio were asked directly after the audio Each trial took approximately 12 min (including the time needed for answering the quiz) We investigated whether the quiz questions were answered correctly or incorrectly we encoded the choice of the correct answer as “Correct” and the choice of all the other answers (including the option “I am not sure”) as “Incorrect” Only 50.9% (208 out of 409) of the questions were answered correctly We measured the percentage of time mind-wandered within the critical sentence and used it for the analysis This is equivalent to the number of seconds being classified as MW divided by the total duration (in seconds) that is used for classification within the critical sentence Data from a number of trials (14.79%) were excluded due to hardware disconnection and data from one of the participants (male) had to be entirely discarded we collected a total number of 409 valid instances contributed by 31 participants the number of valid instances collected from each participant was 13.19 (ranging from 6 to 15) the valid instances were also distributed evenly among the three city panoramas with the number of valid instances ranging between 133 and 140 Perceived difficulty of the quiz questions compared to the warm-up question in study 2 (± standard error) (− 5 = less difficult; 0 = same; 5 = more difficult) The x-axis indicates the quiz number: tens for Santiago Sequence of trials (cities) was pseudo-randomized quizzes within a trial occurred in a fixed sequence (a) Overview of the data distribution of the percentage of time detected as MW for the correctly and incorrectly answered questions The dotted lines within the box plot represent the mean values (b) Results of study 2 that show the matrix of repeated measure correlation (rmcorr) between the three variables including the percentage of time that is detected as mind wandered whether the quiz question was answered correctly or incorrectly and the perceived difficulty of the quiz question Results of rmcorr (see Fig. 6b) indicate that there is a positive relationship between the percentage of time mind wandered and incorrect answering (\(r_{rm}\)(377) = 0.49 and between perceived difficulty and incorrect answering (\(r_{rm}\)(377) = 0.40 We also found a weaker positive relationship between the percentage of time mind wandered and perceived difficulty (\(r_{rm}\)(377) = 0.12 Note that we also ran point-biserial correlations by averaging the observations within participants and obtained similar results as rmcorr we found a positive relationship between the average percentage of time mind wandered and the percentage of questions answered incorrectly (\(r_{(29)}\) = 0.61 \(p < 0.001\)) and between average perceived difficulty and the percentage of questions answered incorrectly (\(r_{(29)}\) = 0.60 the relationship between the average percentage of time mind wandered and average perceived difficulty is not significant (\(r_{(29)}\) = 0.30 Study 2 aimed at providing a validation of the MW classifier used as the back-end system of the audio guide based on participants’ ability to answer quiz questions about a critical sentence played in a touristic audio guide This study helps to address the research question “(RQ2) Can MW be detected reliably for uninterrupted audio-guided panorama viewing?” Our results suggest a positive answer to RQ2: we observed a positive correlation between the percentage of time MW and incorrect answering This implies that the more time is detected as MW the more likely the participants answered the question incorrectly With our assumption that the question will be answered correctly only if the user is not MW when the critical sentence is played the result supports our MW detection model’s ability to detect MW correctly This work contributes to providing gaze-based interaction that proactively helps in regaining and maintaining the attention of the user for the use case of audio-guided panorama viewing we investigated how to enable systems to detect MW from eye movements in a use case with long focus distance With the presented novel MW annotation method for combined audio-visual stimuli we trained and validated an MW classifier with the annotated MW data re-validated the classifiers in the CAVE with unseen users and collected a list of potential interaction methods for providing feedback to the users especially for scenarios containing visual objects located at different focus distances can investigate whether including the focus distance as a feature in the machine learning model helps in improving detection accuracy the current fine-grained annotation method is mainly based on the average reaction time of different users Obtaining individual reaction time might help in reducing the amount of noise within the dataset and potentially improve the classifier performance including them did not harm the classifier with a long focusing distance This implies that use cases with a focusing distance smaller than the one tested here will potentially benefit from the use of eye vergence features including and computing the eye vergence features requires extra computational power which might be a limiting factor for real-time applications If the target device has limited computational resources it might be beneficial not to include the eye vergence features Results of study 2 (n = 31) re-validated the MW classifier in the panorama viewing scenario the model cross-validation carried out in Study 1 and the analysis of the MW classifier performance in Study 2 based on the quiz method provides sufficient evidence that the model trained in this work is valid Results show that users were capable of using the system in the real world without loss in system usability the authors pointed out that sunlight affects the reflective properties of the infrared light used by the eye tracker This leads to an increased amount of missing gaze data in the outdoor environment there were around 11.8% of gaze data missing This missing data can lead to not being able to classify some of the MW moments our real-time second-based classification methodology stands resilient offering the advantage of detecting within a given second even though our results were obtained in the CAVE the low contribution of vergence features to the classification result makes us optimistic that it may be possible to train similar classifiers for the real world this needs to be confirmed in future studies Our work takes a step in the direction of constructing intelligent MW-aware audio guides that are capable of detecting users’ level of attention and helping them regain focus With the list of interaction ideas we collected in Study 1 future studies can be carried out to answer research questions such as what are adequate ways to interrupt the interaction and how to make use of the information that were obtained by the MW classifiers Data privacy regulations prohibit the deposition of individual-level data to public repositories and ethical approval does not cover the public sharing of data for unknown purposes The minimal data set consists of the aggregated data required to replicate the studies’ statistical findings reported It is available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request Code for analysis is provided as part of the replication package. 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Global Lead Partner EN • EnglishDE • DeutschES • EspañolFR • FrançaisZH • 繁Welcome {"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"‘Panorama Monferrato’ blends art an association of over 70 leading Italian art galleries takes place across four small hilltop towns in the rolling Piedmontese countryside Curated by the art historian Carlo Falciani the exhibition unites contemporary artists including Binta Diaw to a former orphanage and psychiatric hospital in Camagna Falciani aimed to create ‘a Renaissance voyage for the visitors’; a journey of discovery where there is a clear dialogue between the historic venues and the mainly contemporary artworks Falciani drew inspiration from the La Civil Conversazione (1574) a text by 16th-century writer and diplomat Stefano Guazzo the exchanges of philosophical and ethical viewpoints that characterize the dialogues in Guazzo’s text contain ‘fertile ideas that are still capable of germinating today.’ The exhibition is structured around four main sites in the villages of Camagna each focused around a specific theme: ‘Work and Roots’ vines have penetrated the window frames of a former orphanage reflective of the town’s theme of ‘Work and Roots’ Richard Meitner’s ‘Schizzi Selvaggi’ (Wild Sketches create a cheerful contrapposto to the building’s mournful history Maria Nepomuceno’s installation Expiro (2024) a large-scale installation of colorful glass spheres and beads created in collaboration with the Venetian glass master Giancarlo Signoretto abuts Moira Ricci’s photographs of abandoned farmhouses bathed in the light of the setting sun titled ‘Dove il cielo è più vicino’ (‘Where the sky is closer’ are a tribute to the economic plight of farmers from the Maremma Shimabuku’s playful Dadaist video of a cow-shaped kite flying in a cattle field (Hokkaido) (2022) creates a cheery intervention This impression is heightened by his cardboard-box sculpture that proclaims in its wall text: ‘I am happy to be a box I can go to many places.’ In the final room an old-fashioned range and deep ceramic basin remind us of its former identity as a kitchen Binta Diaw’s synthetic hair and steel mangroves rise from pools of stagnant water c’est concevoir (vivre) enfin le monde comme relation (To be born into the world is finally to conceive (experience) the world as a relationship (#1 and #4 are examples of a series thinking through interconnectivity and alliances The small towns are connected by a shuttle that winds its way through vineyards and fields ‘Transience and Death’ are the central themes The impressive 14th-century castle hosts works by Theaster Gates Gates’s video Gone Are the Days of Shelter and Martyr (2014) is a haunting piece Gates and his experimental music ensemble The Black Monks perform a haunting musical piece in the derelict space with a performer punctuating the piece with thunderous percussive strikes by tipping a door over and over The piece points to the erasure of mainly Black cultural communities A polychromatic wooden sculpture of Santo Vescovo looks on Attributed to the Master of the Gualino Saint Catherine the artifact points to the persistence of spirituality as an artistic theme La Vittoria di Costantino (1635-1640) by Caravaggio’s teacher the painting foregrounds the painterly processes in a startlingly contemporary manner Francesco Vezzoli’s busts have a lighter take on history: both Camelia (Portrait d’une Mademoiselle) (2020) and J’adore Clytie (2020) are French 18th- and 19th-century marble busts of young women and the ladies appear somewhat aghast at their transformation They hark back to the – originally painted – Greek sculptures they are a homage to while simultaneously mocking the corners of the internet dedicated to ‘get ready with me’ videos.  ‘Panorama Monferrato’ is the latest initiative from ITALICS, an innovative consortium of over 70 of Italy’s most influential galleries specializing in ancient, Modern, and contemporary art. Founded in 2020 by Lorenzo Fiaschi (Galleria Continua) and Pepi Marchetti Franchi (Gagosian) ITALICS aims to promote Italy’s rich cultural landscape through collaborative projects and shared experiences foregrounding the role that galleries can play in bringing art out of the white cube and into public spaces.  The consortium’s annual ‘Panorama’ exhibition has previously taken place on the island of Procida (2021) Each edition has sought to create a unique dialogue between art ‘Panorama’ represents a reimagining of the art exhibition format and creating an immersive experience that goes beyond the gallery space It invites visitors to engage not only with the artworks but also with the landscape and cultural traditions of the region.  Dr Jeni Fulton is Art Basel’s Head of Editorial in Philosophy from the University of Cambridge She teaches at Zurich’s University of Arts ‘Panorama Monferrato’ takes place in Camagna, Vignale, Montemagno, and Castagnole, from September 4 – 8, 2024. Caption for top image: Installation view of Panorama Monferrato 2024. Courtesy of Italics. Photo: © Cosmo Laera. With a new extension to its building in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France’s leading private foundation now has a space to match its ambitions ReadWhat the Mediterranean means to artistsIts singular aura has inspired countless creatives, often yielding surprising results ReadWhy Barcelona is beginning to believe in itselfWith its slate of new galleries, younger collectors entering the fray, and now the nomadic European Manifesta setting up camp here, the Catalan capital is having a moment in the sun