photographer Tuca Vieira captured the image of the Paraisópolis favela next to its wealthy neighbour
that came to symbolise the gap between São Paulo’s rich and poor
How did you come to take this photo?I took the photo for the Folha de São Paulo newspaper
for a special report on the 450th anniversary of São Paulo in 2004
It was taken from a helicopter following a suggestion by my colleague Marlene Bergamo
What does the photo show, in your opinion?It is clearly an illustration of social inequality, maybe the biggest problem for Brazil and Latin America
The unjust and brutal difference between rich and poor
is in the origin of many other problems – violence
Inequality means that someone who is poorer is obliged to work more
they are not able to develop the critical and political awareness necessary to transform their own situation
Add to this the absence of any sense of the collective responsibility or solidarity among the privileged in Brazil
and you have a closed circle that is very difficult to break
I am happy to have taken a photograph that expresses this problem and has acquired importance
especially in view of the immense quantity of photographs that we produce today
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Sao Paulo’s second largest favela, sits next door to one of the city’s most affluent neighborhoods, Morumbi
In a neighborhood where social distancing is almost impossible
Paraisopolis is using creativity and organization to combat the coronavirus
military-style police operations against drug traffickers -- they now struggle to embrace social distancing guidelines while living side-by-side in haphazard constructions and crowded homes.Yet residents of Paraisopolis
have come up with a plan to combat the coronavirus with little government help
Their campaign involves a number of actions made possible by donations and volunteer work
from 10,000 free meals to private ambulances to a grid system of volunteer “street presidents,” who check to make sure everyone on their street is OK
They have dedicated one building as a quarantine house
and they are turning closed schools into centers where residents who are unable to self-isolate can come to sleep
Workers paint the facades of residences in the Paraisopolis favela
as part of the community’s centennial celebration
home to tens of thousands of residents in the country’s largest and wealthiest city
Paraisopolis is grappling with crime and a pandemic that have challenged daily life for many who live there
but organizers say its people have built a vibrant community and are launching a 10-day celebration of its achievements
as children sit on a bench during the community’s centennial celebration
Street food vendor Mila Veloso walks through an alley in the Paraisopolis favela
during the community’s centennial celebration
A resident is framed by laundry hanging out to dry in the Paraisopolis favela
Policemen patrol in the Paraisopolis favela
Musicians residents in the Paraisopolis favela
as a child plays in the foreground during the community’s centennial celebration
SAO PAULO (AP) — Dozens of children lined up at a community center in Sao Paulo for a slice of creamy
None was celebrating a birthday; their poor neighborhood
“People started coming (to the city) for construction jobs and settled in,” community leader Gilson Rodrigues said
underscores the permanence of its roots and of other communities like it
even as Brazilians in wealthier parts of town often view them as temporary and precarious
Favelas struggle to shed that stigma as they defy simple definition
not least because they evolved over decades
today Paraisopolis is nestled in the midst of urban sprawl
Its population began expanding after a 1942 law froze rent prices
Absent action from authorities to provide housing
a professor at the University of Sao Paulo’s School of Architecture and Urban Planning
Unpainted brick homes densely pack Paraisopolis’ 10 square kilometers (3.9 square miles)
an area threaded with serpentine alleys where youngsters can be found playing soccer or listening to loud music on weekends
Most streets are now paved and internet connections work well
but newer areas of the favela lack infrastructure like sewage systems
squatter settlements in the back half of the 19th century
Their residents generate $7 billion in annual economic activity and many are technically middle class
While activists and academics use “favela,” some residents prefer “community.”
“I understand the movement that came from some favelas’ leaders and residents themselves to use ‘community’ to free themselves from the stigma,” said Adauto Cardoso
a professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro’s urban planning institute
“The stigma is rather complicated in a society that is very prejudiced.”
“Many favelas have museums today,” he said
“Residents say: ‘We want to tell our story; we want to say that this is not some spontaneous housing that was born out of nowhere.’”
obscure or demolish favelas now accept the neighborhoods are fixtures
Dressed in a suit reserved for special occasions
Paraisopolis community leader Rodrigues had tears welling as he cut the 100th anniversary cake
He said he’s always thought of Paraisopolis as his neighborhood
despite the open sewage in some areas and other difficulties
we’ve taken these challenges and transformed them into opportunities
AP journalist Diane Jeantet reported from Rio
AP videojournalist Tatiana Pollastri contributed from Sao Paulo
SAO PAULO (AP) — Workers in Brazil’s biggest city unloaded an air fryer
a gaming chair and a 40-inch television from a truck and carried them into a small distribution center where they'd soon be sent to nearby homes
Their speedy dispatch would be nothing special in most of Sao Paulo
But these items were bound for homes in Paraisopolis
low-income neighborhoods known as favelas that have been largely left out of the global delivery revolution
Packages have just started reaching doorsteps there
thanks to a bespectacled 21-year-old with a degree in information technology
Inspired by community-led distribution of food kits and donations during the pandemic
Giva Pereira founded a logistics startup to handle what retailers call “the last mile” in his hardscrabble community
which delivery drivers have been loath to enter
Brazilians quarantining during the pandemic started buying more online — not just food and pharmaceuticals
But favela residents who fill out order forms with their zip codes are often informed companies don't deliver to their neighborhood
Those who manage to place orders can receive excuses rather than products: notes with dubious claims they weren’t home when the delivery came
identifying a specific house in the serpentine alleys is no small feat for an outsider
especially in favelas as densely populated as Paraisopolis
some areas are dominated by heavily armed drug traffickers
While Brazil’s postal service delivers letters and bills to some streets in Paraisopolis
bars or collective mailboxes for residents to pick up later — a system that doesn’t work for many e-commerce purchases
Even brick-and-mortar stores charge more to deliver appliances or furniture to favelas
or leave shipments at waypoints like residents’ associations
a Paraisopolis resident who graduated college last year and sensed opportunity
His fledging company got financing from a small
and partnered with one of Brazil’s biggest retailers
He hired locals familiar with Paraisopolis’s twists and turns
They started deliveries in April using compact trucks and bicycles
and have processed as many as 1,300 packages per day
“It resolves the problem of mapping and this issue of breaking down the barrier of prejudice among people or logistics companies
but don’t,” Pereira told The Associated Press
“Bringing companies from outside the favela into the favela totally breaks that paradigm that favelas only have bad things
more than 2 million people live in the crowded favelas
Paraisopolis has longstanding issues like water shortages and lack of basic sanitation
with open sewers in some isolated areas that have been recently populated
whose family moved from the poor northeastern state of Paraiba when he was 12
“We came because of difficulties we went through in Paraiba
He began to think of ways to help the favela
His project is reminiscent of another started several years ago in Rio de Janeiro's biggest favela
Former census takers mapped the hillside neighborhood and established a base to receive mail from the postal service
the company distributes letters and bills to residents
though they still have to retrieve parcels
While Pereira's concept for deliveries isn’t groundbreaking
executive director of a favela advocacy group
“Residents find creative ways to meet that need in many communities
but it’s never at the scale or quality that it needs to be
Favela Brasil XPress “could pave the way for a model that can be followed around the country
it could show the government how to step up and meet the community's need
At an event Tuesday to commemorate delivery of his company’s 100,000th package
if somewhat surprised by the sudden success
He said the company has set up distribution bases at six other favelas
It has signed contracts to distribute for other retailers
Paraisopolis’ community leader and president of the bank whose loan got Pereira’s startup off the ground
said being able to receive a package at home after so many years of being boxed out provides a sense of freedom
“They told us this wasn’t possible in a favela,” Rodrigues said
a slap in the face to society that excludes favelas
never as potent.” ___ David Biller reported from Rio de Janeiro
rewritten or redistributed without permission
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“The word ‘favela’ has not been heard from any government official,” Gilson Rodrigues
said during a Facebook Live in March. “We need to organize and protect ourselves.”
Today, it’s clear Paraisópolis rose to the challenge: The community has 420 volunteers checking on neighbors, a nearby school was retrofitted as a shelter for people to isolate with a degree of space
and even a dedicated medical team and ambulances were hired to look after the sick
community activists and resident associations have sprung into action to battle the pandemic
knowing that waiting for the state to help them may mean a death sentence
Not every neighborhood has the resources of Paraisópolis
a community of roughly 80,000 people surrounded by some of São Paulo’s wealthiest areas
But they have still helped blunt the impact of a pandemic that is now spreading at alarming speed
making Brazil one of the hardest-hit places in the world
The solutions are often extraordinarily creative
with residents creating new apps to battle fake news on COVID-19 – a major problem – or hanging posters with messages like “Would you rather be here or in a cemetery?” in order to encourage social isolation
“We answer to the deep gap that exists between the state and our communities,” Isabela Souza, director of Observatório de Favelas
“But the speed with which we all organized this time around has been impressive.”
“The police and the press only come here if there is a murder or a shootout,” said Jefferson Borges
“Urgent! People running out of food is already a reality here!” René Silva
Based in the Alemão complex of favelas, with close to 140,000 residents in northern Rio de Janeiro, Silva and other local activists convened a crisis committee
activists started collecting donations in kind and cash
Dozens of volunteers showed up to prepare baskets with food and cleaning products and then crisscross the maze of stairs and narrow alleys daily to help vulnerable families.
4,800 baskets of food and cleaning supplies
4,600 gallons of water and 177 bottles of alcohol in gel
In Santa Marta, a community of 6,000 in Rio’s south zone, Itamar Silva turned his community organization Grupo Eco, which provided summer camp opportunities for the children in the favela
“We’re raising funds to provide food and cooking gas for 50 vulnerable families
which is what we can afford,” Silva told AQ.
“I get requests for help even from residents of favelas in other states,” Borges said
“If they go out to try to sell something on the streets
or lessen the cycle of violence to which many favela residents are subjected
A recent police operation against drug traffickers left 13 dead and bodies in plain sight on the streets of Alemão complex
At another populous neighborhood further north in Rio
a resident who didn’t want to be named told AQ the militia in charge didn’t allow residents to organize food drives – and continues to charge them monthly “dues” for protection
With no official public health campaign and a barrage of fake news being shared on TV
local groups are trying to cut through the noise to keep their fellow neighbors informed
a 19-year-old organization founded by first-generation college graduates from Maré Complex
has focused on creating social media memes and cards that can be easily shared and replicated
with topics like tips to wash hands if you don’t have running water.
“Policy makers and government officials don’t know what reality is like for poor communities so their policies and messages stop short of reaching the most vulnerable,” said Souza
Voz das Comunidades created an app dedicated to COVID-19 news and information catered to favela residents
“We noticed that the flow of fake news about the virus was increasing,” Silva said
“Our whole team is focused on fighting the misinformation that is spreading in favelas.”
Yet across the country people are confused on whether to choose the message from their local leaders asking for isolation
who consistently downplays the pandemic and urges people to go back to normal life
“At first people were staying at home,” Borges told AQ
“but then they see the president out and about and they tell me: Why should I stay home if he doesn’t?”
Reading Time: 4 minutesTornaghi is a senior director for policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas and a former managing editor of AQ
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Latin American-based payments and digital banking enabler
is responsible for the digital banking technology deployed by the bank
the first digital bank born within the favela
opened its first physical branch on 5 February
a favela and the largest squatted informal settlement in São Paulo city
The initiative aims to invest in entrepreneurial power and encourage online banking for residents of the Paraisópolis community
the branch will complement the digital bank
which uses Dock technology and launched in November 2022
“We really believe in the empowerment potential of G10 Bank
We decided to open the physical branch to be a point of support for residents
CEO of G10 Bank and national president of G10 Favelas
the same as used by large Brazilian fintechs and digital banks
“G10 Bank is a project fully aligned with Dock’s mission of democratising finance to boost society
Access to the financial system is fundamental for the individual’s evolution in today’s society and the generation of wealth increasingly involves financial systems
People need to learn how to utilise online banking
The physical branch will support access to online banking and its resources
These are fundamental for expanding opportunities.”
G10 Bank’s online banking is available for both individuals and legal entities
A prepaid Visa card will also be available through the account and app
One of the purposes of the project is to ensure that investments return to the community
50% of residents operate their own businesses
“Our goal is to put the community’s money into circulation and generate value here,” said Antonio
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Another objective of the institution is to provide credit
benefited around 200 entrepreneurs with microcredits totalling BRL1m ($200,200)
“The initiative has made it possible to increase these people’s income and stimulate the creation of jobs in the favelas and contribute to the financial education of entrepreneurs
With online banking and the physical branch
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[13 April 2010] -- Seventh largest among the world’s metropolises and the linchpin of Brazil’s booming economy
São Paulo presents a globally relevant case study of stepped-up efforts—but continued deep challenges—if cities are to correct the deep poverty and environmental perils of massive slum settlements
Close to a third of São Paulo’s 11 million people—in a metropolitan region of almost 20 million—live in slum-like conditions
There are some 1,600 favelas (private or public lands that began as squatter settlements)
1,100 “irregular” land subdivisions (developed without legally recognised land titles)
usually overcrowded and in precarious state of repair)
Government response has progressed light years from the brutal “eradication”—bulldozing of favelas—that began with Brazil’s military dictatorship of the 1960s and continued for years as millions of rural families poured into São Paulo seeking industrial jobs
Today policy makers recognise that upgrading is a far wiser course—socially
But the environment complicates the task: São Paulo has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate with steep hillsides that create severe drainage problems
especially when storm water flows through sewerless slums
picking up loose debris that clogs drainage channels and can imperil local drinking water supplies
Environmental laws were passed in the 1980s to protect watersheds from construction projects—but settlements sprang up there anyway
Official Brazilian policy shifted in the 1980s toward slum upgrading instead of its eradication—recognising it’s easier and cheaper
to improve the conditions in a slum rather than try to remove it
But the new policy lacked much weight until the federal enactment
of a “City Statute” requiring that cities enact master plans
It also provided a set of tools that municipalities can use to control land transfer and seek to assure legal tenure for tenants—a process São Paulo formally integrated into its own master plan a year later
One of the most useful tools is letting cities create “zones of special interest” for disorganised slums
formally recognising their existence and qualifying them for social services
Another tool authorizes joint citizen-government management councils both in new and more settled areas
experts on Brazilian slum upgrading suggest
is the location OK for human settlement—not a water pollution risk because its location is too steep or on a flood plain
or at least in the database of city properties
do its residents have legal title to the land
what can be done to assure them secure tenure
There are clear rewards if a full process of regularisation—providing clear legal tenure—can be achieved
If families can have their land title confirmed
or at least secure a certificate recognising their occupancy rights
Rules can be set (and enforced) to prevent building collapse
And it’s easier to reduce litter by organising residents to bring their own household waste to collection points for city pick-up
But going the whole way continues to be difficult
While the city government works hard to give land tenure
property rights are only conceded by law once this possession is recorded in a register office
the complete process has occurred only with a few properties
In most cases dwellers received a document without clear legal value
São Paulo government has clearly become more activist and attuned to long-term slum upgrading in recent years
It’s also been aided since 2001 by Cities Alliance
a global alliance of national and city governments
focused on scaling up urban poverty solutions
The São Paulo Municipal Housing Secretariat in 2006 created a management information system that’s now able to track the status of favelas
other precarious settlements and site/flooding/water hazard areas citywide
With a priority of serving the city’s most vulnerable populations
the tracking (developed in technical cooperation with Cities Alliance) provides a basis for effective targeting of upgrading efforts and environmental clean-ups
São Paulo’s secretary of low-income housing
“data about our favelas and irregular private land subdivisions was unreliable
not reflecting the reality of these precarious settlements
The input of the new system resulted from a big field campaign
performed by our own technical staff in record time
The effort showed how people are as important as hardware and software
Now we can follow the dynamics of urban settlement
São Paulo and Cities Alliance invited high-ranking officials from five other major cities—Cairo
Mumbai and Ekurhuleni (South Africa)—to convene in São Paulo
and discuss the broad challenges of slum upgrading
“The passion of São Paulo’s technical staff in the slum upgrading process was clear for all to see,” Godfrey Hiliza of the Ekurhuleni delegation noted at the end of the sessions
Brazil’s legal steps to establish clear land title are murky
unreformed nationally because of powerful rural land-holding interests fearing loss to squatters on their properties
Other pitfalls and barriers have included the high cost of land for building new housing
millions of families’ lack of any credit history
and urban crime compounded by Brazil’s notorious drug gangs
And while the flow of new families from the countryside has subsided dramatically in recent years
São Paulo’s deep social divisions and tenacious poverty
stemming from the late 20th century’s immense in-migration of poor rural families
the city claims that the housing issue in São Paulo can be “solved” by 2025 at current rates of city budget expenditure
One example that inspires hope that São Paulo’s slum upgrading works is Paraisopolis (literally Paradise City)
senior technical adviser at the Municipality of São Paulo Social Housing Department
Upgrading solutions are working and the city’s long-term goals have shifted from 50 per cent removal of the neighbourhood’s population to just 10 per cent (those in risky areas like sharp slopes or drainage facilities)
One of São Paulo’s goals is to bring electricity
sewage and clean water services to as many areas as it can afford
It is also seeking to enable “domicile swaps” so that the shack occupied by a family moving to a government-built apartment can be made available to a family living in a crowded
There’s a strong plus in Paraisopolis’ location next to a high-income neighbourhood that provides easy access to jobs (such as maid or watchman work)
São Paulo is consciously seeking to recycle city areas left by relocated families into such common spaces as parks
soccer fields and skate parks—ways to help people socialise and build a sense of citizenship for remaining residents
the Jardim Iporanga neighborhood is located in a protected watershed with a stream that feeds São Paulo’s main water reservoir
the neighbourhood’s scattered housing without sewage treatment had been causing pollution
following the environmentally-attuned upgrading
one resident constructed a house on the newly-protected space
“Nowadays it’s paradise here,” Regina says
while before it was all sewage.” The main need now
income generation is seen as a main challenge to a successful urbanisation process
And there are some conscious job-creation efforts
30 women produce “ecobags” made of recycled rags; they are mostly sold to the city government which uses them for booklets at seminars and congresses
There’s growing agreement in São Paulo that local communities must themselves take part in the upgrading process
with a community leader acting as a mediator between the local residents and the government
Social worker Rosana Aparício says this mediation is crucial for slum upgrading to be successful
Cities Alliance regional advisor for Latin America and the Caribbean
reckons that to have a complete slum upgrading process
social work with the communities should continue after the construction and urbanization process is fully implemented
There is a question: the array of housing and environmental cleanup policies in slum upgrading demand large investments
The outlays have been rising progressively over the past five years
as well as contribution from international organisations
But will they endure politically—through one or more changes of municipal administration
which acts as a watchdog and also has a direct role in deciding how housing fund moneys will be spent
from socially attuned non-government organisations and from the universities
They’re popularly elected in polls open to all São Paulo citizens
“The council helps to guarantee the policies’ continuity,” she notes
Cities Alliance is the global partnership fighting urban poverty and promoting the role of cities
the Cities Alliance promotes long-term programmatic approaches that support national and local governments to develop appropriate policy frameworks
Site by vardot™ © 2025 The Cities Alliance. Hosted by UNOPS
Eighteen years have passed since Brazilian photojournalist Tuca Vieria climbed aboard a helicopter to photograph São Paulo from the air as part of a long feature report
he took the picture that would become a global emblem of inequality and one of the most famous portraits of the abyss between the rich and the poor in the world
The contrast between the balconies with swimming pools and lush tennis courts below with the rundown houses of a favela appeared to be the work of Photoshop
It was a reflection of the divide between those who have it all (and continue to amass wealth) and those who have nothing
published hundreds of times online and in print
just as a group of millionaires and billionaires intervened in the World Economic Forum in Davos to say they wanted to pay more taxes
it has been 18 years since the snapshot of inequality made the front page of the Brazilian daily Folha de S.Paulo
Inequality is also in the headlines today after a report by Oxfam showed that the 10 richest men in the world doubled their wealth during the coronavirus pandemic
“I was doing a report for the 450th anniversary of São Paulo
which was going to go in a little booklet,” says Vieira
explaining that he wanted to provide a “dose of reality” to all the stories of the city’s most-celebrated moments
His editors liked the photo so much they published it on the front page and inside the paper
It was she who suggested that he take an aerial view of the border between the Paraisópolis favela and the Penthouse tower in Morumbí neighborhood
The photograph can be read in two ways: from a Brazilian and foreign perspective
but according to Vieira “it only reached the scale that it has today when it got overseas.” When it was published in Europe
Vieria took another photo of the area from the same perspective
The most visible changes are the trees to cover the site of the favela
one that is usually represented in numbers
there is a real obsession with quantifying everything
That’s why there is a constant stream of figures on the vertiginous level of social-economic inequality in the country
two data points stand out for their gut-wrenching scale
One refers to São Paulo: the residents of the worst neighborhood in the city live 23 years fewer than those of the best
It’s as though one city – the wealthiest in Latin America – contained the realities of both Morocco and Denmark
The average life expectancy for locals of the Cidade Tiradentes neighborhood is 58.3 years
according to the 2021 inequality map released by the NGO Rede Nossa São Paulo
The two neighborhoods are separated by a socioeconomic abyss and 50 kilometers
a distance that can be covered in public transportation
albeit in a journey that takes 2.5 hours and requires four transfers
It’s a trip thousands of nannies and doormen make every day
The wealthiest 1% of white men in the country have more income than all Black and mestizo women put together
while these women – who are the largest demographic group in Brazil – have just 14.3%
according to a study by the University of São Paulo
a term made up in the 1970s by economist Edmar Lisboa Bacha
to describe a fictitious country made up of Belgium and India
with the laws and taxes of a small rich state
Brazil is much richer than it was half a century ago
but this wealth remains in the hands of the minority
Since Rede Nossa São Paulo made the first map of inequality a decade ago
explains that there “have been small improvements and setbacks
but generally it is stalled.” He adds: “What is really striking is that Brazil is able to generate wealth
The socio-economic divide narrowed slightly under the Working Party governments of Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva in the early 2000s
But Brazil remains one of the most unequal countries in the world
The share of wealth was also disproportional in these years
The problem comes down to the power structure
“It’s a structural part of how Brazil is organized
cannot involve themselves with these structures that perpetuate inequality,” he says
According to Abrahõ, São Paulo is a reflection of Brazil, with some nuances given the vastness and diversity of the country. Brazil is the same size as the European Union, and has a population of 210 million people who are descendants of slaves, white immigrants and indigenous people
The contrasts are evident to anyone in São Paulo
And they are quantified in the inequality maps
With respect to the number of teenage pregnancies
the worst neighborhood in the city has a figure that is 60 times higher than in the best
the waiting period for a basic medical checkup is 12 times longer and the mortality rate for Covid-19 twice as high
Metro or tram in a kilometer radius – only the bus comes in
Vieria points out that his striking photo “has symbolic power
which says a lot about our collective memory
beyond the documentative power.” Because in reality
the overblown Penthouse tower is considered tacky
which expanded until it was touching the bottom of the skyscraper
is one of the most dynamic favelas in Brazil
Anyone in Brazil knows that the rich – the wealthiest 1% – don’t live in buildings like the Penthouse tower
they escape to their bubbles: urban developments of luxury chalets and rolling green grass
where walls and security controls keep people away from its small and quiet streets
unable to travel abroad due to the pandemic
has given a boost to the local luxury sector
Porsche sales are at record highs and the waiting list to buy a helicopter is now 20 months
But anyone on the street can see how homelessness has grown during the pandemic
Families with children have joined the tens of thousands of people living on the street due to poverty and addiction
24,000 people were homeless – more than the population of some districts
Some NGOs believe this number has now tripled to 66,000
this is an image no one should get used to
English version by Melissa Kitson
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Familiares das vítimas do caso Paraisópolis fazem ato que marca a primeira audiência do caso no Fórum Criminal da Barra Funda - Foto: Paulo Pinto/Agência Brasil
One of the main aspects of the first day of the Paraisópolis Massacre trials at the Barra Funda Criminal Forum
in the western zone of the city of São Paulo (state of São Paulo) was the report of two witnesses who stated that the victims of the police action arrived already dead to the hospital in the early hours of December 1
"The two doctors who gave testimony were very decisive in stating that the victims arrived dead at the hospital
we can conclude that the police altered the crime scene
The victims died in Paraisópolis and the police improperly transported the bodies
altering the crime scene," Dimitri Sales
president of the State Council for the Human Rights Defense (Condepe)
Sales points out that the witnesses' reports confirm Condepe's thesis
that the police operation that resulted in the murder of nine young people who were at the DZ7 Ball
in the neighborhood of Paraisópolis
would have been premeditated by the Military Police of the State of São Paulo
with the intention of criminalizing the ball
"for the sake of revenge" after the death of a lieutenant from the corporation
"We are very convinced that the witnesses contributed enormously to the thesis that the police previously set up an operation not complying with protocols and
assuming the risk of what would come from that operation
the witnesses confirm the thesis that the police acted with possible malice and therefore should be taken to a popular jury"
'Criminals in uniform are killing our people'
relatives of the victims and human rights organizations gathered to ask for justice and demand that the military police be held accountable
“Criminals in uniform are killing our people
If there was a child of rich people among ours
Among the 31 military police officers who participated in the operation
only 12 became defendants and will now face trial
For the relatives of the victims and their defense
there was connivance of the State and the organs
Quirino lamented that one of the lines adopted by the police defense lawyers is the criminalization of funk music and the nine murdered youths
“They already tried to do that back in the beginning
when the Military Justice asked for the toxicological examination of our children
trying to claim that the possible cause of death was because they were under the influence of narcotics
This attempt is yet another narrative they use to criminalize [the nine youths] and get away with the crime they committed."
images of the violence promoted by the 16th Battalion of the São Paulo Military Police at the DZ7 Ball in the community of Paraisópolis
The case became known as the Paraisópolis Massacre
Most of the youths died of asphyxiation after the release of pepper spray and gas bombs by the Military Police
who cornered the participants of the event
the Internal Affairs of the Military Police investigated the conduct of 31 military police officers who were involved in the action
The agency concluded that the military police did not cause the deaths of the ball goers
Victims who went out to have fun and were unable to return home were: Marcos Paulo Oliveira dos Santos
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Os 9 de Paraisópolis (Da direita para a esquerda): Eduardo
Bruno e Marcos Paulo - Foto: Montagem/Ponte Jornalismo
This week, in What’s Happening in Brazil
we take a look at the tragic story of the Paraisópolis 9
nine young people who were killed by suffocation
during the aftermath of a truculent police operation in one of São Paulo’s impoverished communities
Still without answers and not a single culprit punished as of yet
families of the victims struggle to cope with their loss
while fighting to ensure justice is served
In our Culture Talk segment, we will be introduced to the amazing work of photojournalist Isis Medeiros. Since the rupture of the Fundão dam in the city of Mariana
Isis has been working closely with families and their loved ones
to ensure that their plight will not be forgotten
we wrap things up by teaching you a delicious local recipe and showcasing some quality Brazilian music
All What's Happening in Brazil episodes are available at Brasil de Fato's YouTube channel, where you'll also find a special English-content playlist
Partners who wish to include a longer version of the show in their schedule may contact our international team at [email protected] or send a WhatsApp message to +55 11 993 055 156
For more news about Brazil and our region, visit our website
BRAZIL — In the middle of towering buildings and upscale neighborhoods of the southern area of Sao Paulo
the capital’s second-largest favela (a Brazillian term for an impoverished neighborhood that has experienced neglect from the government historically)
With a never-ending expansion of new homes being built and a high population density
these neighborhoods suffer from neglect and underfunding
and more than one floor with unfinished slabs
and DAB created the project “Colors of Favela.” Through the production and creation of special NFTs with local artists
we will be raising funds to enable more than 500 homes in Paraisopolis to be plastered and colored
Colors of Favela aims to raise BRL 5 million ($1 million) to be converted for community revitalization
It will be a unique and exclusive collection with 10,000 colorful NFTs generated from digital programming
By purchasing a token from one of these houses
the buyer contributes to transforming the houses of Paraisopolis
Similar projects were carried out in Mexico
and improved interaction between their residents after artists painted homes with art and graffiti inside these marginalized communities
Behind the Colors of Favela is Revitaliza Comunidades
a startup connected to visual impact causes inside Paraisopolis
and NFT developer) to make the Colors of Favela live
improve the residents’ quality of life
and strengthen the region’s commerce,” said Carlos Leonardo
Purchases of NFTs can be made through the project’s website
the user needs to have a digital wallet inside MetaMask
and receipts – operations of digital banks
the value of one NFT is attractive; one NFT can be sold at ETH 0.03
“The main reason for this project is to provide a comfortable environment
generating social impact and income generation,” added Gilson Rodrigues
The G10 of the Favelas is a group of Social Impact Leaders and Entrepreneurs of the Favelas
which joined forces to develop the economy and act as a protagonist inside communities
which promotes social impact and business opportunities inside slum territories
Learn more by clicking Visiting Paraisópolis or TED TALK: How painting can transform communities.
Brazil has 16.390 million people living in favelas countrywide
The amount represents 8.1 percent of the national population (203M)—in other words
eight out of every 100 people live in these areas
The data can be found in a supplement to the 2022 census released Friday (Nov
and show there are 12,348 favelas across 656 municipalities throughout Brazil
The researchers consider favelas to be places with characteristics such as legal insecurity of tenure; total or partial absence of public services; poor urban planning standards; and the occupation of areas with environmental restrictions or risks
The study reported that 43.4 percent of favela dwellers are in the Southeast—or7.1 million
The Northeast has 28.3 percent (4.6M); the North
5.9 percent (968,000); and the Central-West
The state of São Paulo has the largest population of favela residents—3.6 million—followed by Rio de Janeiro (2.1M) and Pará (1.5M)
The three states together account for 44.7 percent of Brazil's total favela inhabitants
The census identified 26 major urban concentrations in the country—a kind of metropolitan region with more than 750 thousand residents
A total of 83.6 million people lived there
13.6 million lived in favelas—16.2 percent
double the proportion for the whole country (8.1%)
The survey also points out that residents of the 26 major urban concentrations accounted for 41.2 percent of the total Brazilian population
while favela dwellers in these specific regions made up 82.6 percent of the total number of residents in favelas throughout Brazil
the comparison demonstrates that favelas are a distinctly urban phenomenon
“It’s an indicator that shows the concentration of these areas and these groups in the most urbanized regions,” she noted
Against a backdrop of jumbled shacks seemingly piled atop each other
the dancers run in place with studied movements
then collapse to the floor in steady succession
This is a rehearsal at the Ballet of Paraisopolis
The dance school is just returning from a four-month hiatus for the COVID-19 pandemic
which has left Brazil with the second-highest death toll worldwide
after the US: nearly 130,000 people killed
COVID-19 has hit hard in the favelas — poor
overcrowded neighborhoods that often lack clean running water
sanitation infrastructure or basic healthcare
Although the virus is still spreading fast in Sao Paulo
students and teachers at the school say they wanted — needed — to dance together again
It felt like my first time,” said 17-year-old dancer and local resident Kemilly Luanda
taking a break from rehearsals in an improvised studio whose ballet barre is a balcony railing — the dividing line that separates this world of graceful leaps and precision pirouettes from the brick shacks it overlooks
Luanda and her classmates are rehearsing a new ballet with an urgent message: Nine Deaths
a tribute to the victims who died in a stampede when police raided a huge street party in the favela in December last year
The school had to postpone the debut performance because of the pandemic
the students are working to prepare it as they return from the long interruption
Getting through lockdown has not been easy for the academy
which was founded in 2012 and provides free training to its 200 students thanks to public funding and private donations
recounted how difficult it was to keep up with her training through remote classes from the two-room house she shares with her parents
Paraisopolis is a postcard of the inequalities that divide Sao Paulo
The favela juts up against one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the city
a privileged reserve of luxury high-rises and mansions that is a world apart from the one where Luanda lives
prop the cellphone up on the top bunk and practice in the aisle between our beds,” she said
small phone screen and lack of computer made things harder
She missed the “sisters” she has studied dance with for the past eight years
She is one of 22 students who have returned for classes — 10 in the school itself
and 12 on the second floor of a cultural center that was converted into an anti-coronavirus command hub during lockdown
The rest of the school’s students are continuing their classes online
The academy had to postpone its first-ever graduation ceremony
Keeping the school going by remote learning “hasn’t been easy,” founder Monica Tarrago said
“It was the worst feeling I’ve had in my life
We never stop except for Christmas and New Year’s
the school’s six teachers designed an intensive program to keep students engaged
“We thought of everything we could do via [the videoconference application] Zoom to keep up their physical and mental preparation at home,” Tarrago said
plus lessons with 10 dancers from around the world
including French ballerina Isabelle Guerin
former danseuse etoile at the Paris Opera Ballet
The dancers are working hard to ready Nine Deaths
They have the sores on their feet to prove it when they remove their ballet slippers after class
“We have to feel the characters in our skin
children and Olympians have been through 'Rugby para Todos'
a community organisation founded in the Paraisópolis slum in São Paulo
Olympics.com interviewed project co-founder Maurício Draghi to find out more
Picture by World RugbyBy Virgílio Franceschi NetoSão Paulo
As well as competing for the national side, both players are also part of Pasteur Athlétique, a traditional São Paulo rugby outfit with French origins.
Their training sessions with the club take them to Morumbi, a neighbourhood in the capital of São Paulo close to some of the cities poorest districts including the community of Paraisópolis.
The name Paraisópolis translates to 'City of Paradise', but they discover it is anything but.
The slum is like a city within São Paulo. With over 100,000 inhabitants, the 100-year-old favela is the fifth largest in Brazil, stretching over little more than one square kilometre.
In places like Paraisópolis, opportunities are rare. The people living inside it go without access to healthcare, education, sport and leisure, leaving the thousands of young people inside its walls vulnerable and exposed.
Picture by Rugby para Todos/DivulgaçãoAs Draghi and Bi Kobashi start to meet some of the children from Paraisópolis
they learn more about the social inequality they face as well as the general lack of access to sports they experience
This combined with the rugby 'access gap' between Brazilians and those from the favelas made both players uncomfortable
did not represent all the people of Brazil; rugby was not within the reach of everyone
they decided to act: “There can be no equality,” Draghi realised
In May 2004, after some discussion, Draghi and Kobashi decided to go to the football field in Paraisópolis to talk to the community leader about using the pitch to teach rugby to the children in the area.
When they arrived they found improvised organisation and even an ox tied to the fence.
They went to the bar on the edge of the field. There was some initial suspicion until they discovered that the person in charge of the football pitch, Chiquinho, had been inspector of the school where Draghi studied. Tensions then eased.
After aligning on ideas and formalities, the following Sunday they agreed that the Brazilian under-19 team could hold a demonstration game in Paraisópolis.
Draghi and Kobashi prepared 40 tickets which they then distributed to the children and parents who came to watch. On the tickets, there was an invitation to the first rugby practice they had planned to hold the following Wednesday.
Picture by Rugby para Todos/DivulgaçãoOn that second Wednesday of May 2004, when the duo arrived to conduct their first training session, they were amazed at what they saw.
There were more than 100 children at the Paraisópolis football field. The response had been overwhelming.
Following the initial success, the rugby players continued to host regular training sessions but more immediate demands began to emerge. Children were arriving with headaches because they had not had even a meal that day. Others needed psychological attention.
Some days later, the pair organised snacks to be distributed before training and a psychologist became part of the team organising the sessions.
As more and more serious issues arose, Draghi and Kobashi were forced to alter the project's goal.
"Initially, it was to teach rugby. However, we realised that sports initiation was needed before that. A base, with multi-disciplinary follow-up, such as the presence - in addition to the psychologist - of a nutritionist and a physiotherapist," recalled Draghi.
While attending to all these needs, they also began to develop an apprentice project to help some of the young people enter the job market. It was yet another shift in their original idea.
Within six months of starting, there were already children who played very well. With that, Draghi and Kobashi realised a need to build a larger organisational structure taking on even more resources.
In the first three years, everything was done on a voluntary and experimental basis: "It was all about trying and making mistakes, trying and having success," Draghi remembered. "Only in the fourth year of activities was the first budget raised."
View this post on Instagram A post shared by Rugby Para Todos (@rugbyparatodos)
Draghi and Kobashi realised the need to create something more substantial
the 'Instituto Rugby para Todos' (Rugby for All Institute) was created
The project quickly began to be recognised for the depth of its work with its approach to the favelas becoming a reference point for others as to how to use sport as a tool for social inclusion
The Institute started to manage the careers and routines of the participants
whether in the sport or outside it," added Draghi
the participants began to have different opportunities offered to them including taking higher education courses
two teams were created: the Leoas (Lionesses) and the Leões (Lions) of Paraisópolis
Picture by Rugby para Todos/DivulgaçãoAccording to the Institution
5000 children have now been helped with 2000 receiving continuous care
Draghi says that - for him - having a good idea is no longer enough
"Good communication and transparency are needed," he emphasised
In the midst of the most adverse conditions
which could make any person give up playing sports
especially one that is far from being fully professional
Paraisópolis has given countless talents to Brazilian rugby
who competed in editions of the Olympic Games
Leila Silva was part the Yaras (as the players of the Brazilian women's rugby team are known) in Tokyo 2020
taught her how to express herself and make decisions on and off the pitch
she needed to do well in school which made her enjoy studying: “Sport helped shape me as a person."
Bianca Silva was named 2018 Rugby Player of the Year by the Brazilian Olympic Committee
She fondly recalled her beginnings in rugby in Paraisópolis to Brazilian podcast 'Mesa Oval'
"You have to understand that nothing comes easy
Have as a reference the people who give you strength
"The project allowed me to believe more in myself
introduced me to incredible people that I live with and gave me great experience."
Given that social inequality and a lack of sports culture were the reasons why 'Rugby para Todos' was founded
it's safe to say that the project has been very successful
"All of this has been achieved correctly
which makes me happy," reflected Draghi
"But not only the results of the Institute itself
but above all those of the children and teenagers participating in it."
in clubs or in the Brazilian national team - Bianca and Leila Silva among the Yaras; Robert Tenório
Igor Luciano and Varejão among the Tupis - but also successes off it such as helping those with career paths and their studies
Draghi knows that the journey ahead of 'Rugby para Todos' is clear: it must stay commited to helping vulnerable young people in abject conditions
And he has no fear of the difficulties which may arise in the future: "Society cannot tolerate inequality
We remain focused on the project's goal
"Rugby is an opportunity to express yourself
Rugby is a sport for everyone and opportunities are for everyone too." - Maurício Draghi
2011 at 8:30 AM EDTBookmarkSaveIn the compact and crowded slums of Brazil
Children play in and out of front rooms and walkways
entrances to apartments often require trips through the homes of others
This is the inspiration behind the Grotao Community Center, under construction in the Paraisopolis favela in Sao Paulo. Designed by Urban-Think Tank
the project seeks to create a piece of flexible public space for this community
Young people were surrounded and trapped by the Military Police on the night of December 1st
“I lived 41 years thinking that I had the police to protect my family. And that same police I admired took my son's life, took him from me. In a cruel and cowardly way”, says Maria Cristina Quirino Portugal, mother of Dennys Henrique
one of the nine victims of truculent military police action at the famous DZ7 Ball
a poor neighborhood in the south side of São Paulo
should have been an ordinary night of fun for Denys and thousands of other young people
but it turned into a nightmare when the beats were abruptly replaced by tear gas
The incident came to be known as the Paraisópolis Massacre
Those responsible remain unpunished to this day
Videos of teenagers trapped in alleyways inside the community
surrounded by police officers who closed off possible exit routes
showed the despair and turmoil caused by the agents' actions
Gustavo Cruz Xavier and Marcos Paulo Oliveira dos Santos
They died of "mechanical asphyxiation by indirect suffocation", according to the coroner’s reports, the result of the being cornered and trapped by the police operation
They lived in other impoverished regions of the city and were not familiar with the streets of Paraisópolis
Authorities claim that they were chasing two men on a motorcycle who had fired shots at them
This version is contested by residents of the community
who say the agents blocked the streets with the aim of shutting down the ball
The siege resulted in panic and the disorderly flight of a crowd of young people
the families remain without answers and fight to hold those who caused the deaths accountable
The investigation has not yet been completed and the 31 policemen involved
Maria Cristina makes it a point to talk about Denys Henrique
The teenager would turn 18 this December 31st and worked cleaning upholstery
she says that she did not know that her son had gone to the DZ7 Ball
Her mother's heart knew that something was wrong
She waited until the phone rang on Sunday morning
asking someone responsible for the young man to come to a hospital in Campo Limpo
The police's responsibility for the deaths of the “Paraisópolis 9”
"If the police had not entered the community that way
Maria Cristina demands that the agents be tried for their actions
marred by the misuse and disproportionate use of force
“They [policemen] are still on the job
They're still cops … God only knows if they're not still killing
Demanding Justice is not something meant only for those types of days
who did not know each other personally and lived in different regions of the city of São Paulo
This articulation has requested meetings with authorities and organized protests
has criticized the posture of governor João Doria's right-wing government in the state of São Paulo from the beginning
the meetings held as soon as the deaths occurred were "theatrics" and did not result in effective actions
suffer from longing for the loved one they have been raising since the age of 12
Vagner regrets that her future was cut so violently
a researcher at the Center for Anthropology and Forensic Archeology (CAAF) at the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp)
the death of the nine youths explicitly reveals the existence of institutional support for police violence; starting with the police reports
which put forth a narrative that the victims reacted to police intervention
bureaucratic and legal frameworks hide the reality of what happened
but a set of other state actors who agree with this policeman who kills
the sherriff who gives a statement about what happened
decides whether or not to file a complaint
an institutional structure that supports this kind of violence”
who has worked closely with the victims’ families over the past year
Azevedo also argues that the killing of young people by the police should be considered a collective loss, and that it is essential to take into account social markers such as race and class
According to the 2019 Brazilian Public Safety Yearbook
75.4% of people killed by the police in Brazil are black
as are most of the victims of the Paraisópolis Massacre
As the setting sun casts an orange glow over the Sao Paulo slum of Paraisopolis
a dozen aspiring models sporting towering heels strut up and down an improvised catwalk
who is teaching the teenagers the tricks of the trade as part of a project to spread the glitter of the Brazilian megacity’s famous fashion week
which has launched careers like that of supermodel Gisele Bundchen
who strutted on Wednesday in her final runway show
these teens are taking the idea of couture into their own brightly manicured hands
whose name roughly translates as Fashion From the Fringes
a 24-year-old fashion student from the slum who wanted to bring some of the glitz of Sao Paulo Fashion Week (SPFW) to his own community
I went to a show by the designer Joao Pimenta that SPFW held in a poor neighborhood
“I thought: ‘Why don’t we create these events ourselves?’ It’s great for SPFW to come here and hold shows
That is how Fashion From the Fringes was born at the municipal education center in Paraisopolis
talks on fashion and modeling workshops that include lessons on self-esteem
like the one these local teens — mostly girls
the menswear designer whose show inspired the project
“Brazilian fashion will be stronger when everyone is included,” Pimenta said
And inspiration can also come from unexpected places,” he said
“I’ve wanted to be a model since I was a little girl
I’m taking it seriously,” said 16-year-old Gabriela Freitas
slender girl with large eyes and flowing hair that reaches her waist
“I learned to improve my posture and how to walk on a runway
I never thought I would be able to do something like this
the workshops are less about a future modeling career than the life skills they learn
I live in Paraisopolis with my mom and my grandma and I know that everything will be harder for me,” 19-year-old student Denisse Sena said matter-of-factly
“All my steps to get a head start from that situation
and this workshop is helping me develop myself better,” she said
Paraisopolis shows the country’s contrasts: It is a violent
impoverished enclave surrounded by the wealthy district of Morumbi
a neighborhood of towering high-rises and glistening shopping malls
Two workshop participants already scored a modeling job with Pimenta
who had them photographed on the streets of Paraisopolis for a recent ad campaign
Brothers Anderson and Ebson Conceicao da Costa
were at the workshop with their sister when the designer discovered them
“We learned and saw a lot of different things,” Ebson said
“If you’re born in a place like Paraisopolis
you usually don’t get those kinds of opportunities,” he said
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