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swallow the stonelike seeds of palm fruits whole and digest the fleshy covering
The seeds pass through the fish’s gut and are defecated whole in a new location where
they will not compete with the parent tree
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ST LOUIS–The Saint Louis Aquarium at Union Station annually holds a Super Bowl prediction event held by one of its animals
This year’s was held by their piranhas who turned out to be skittish to the idea.
As the fish known for their frenzied biting feeding habit swam aimlessly around
onlookers joked what the lack of biting meant for the big game this weekend
Some said that the game would get off to a slow start without much scoring.
When a piranha nipped the snack in front of the Eagles’ logo around 20 minutes in
“it’s only a field goal.” Also stating that the little nip must’ve meant the Eagles were going to score first but the Chiefs would comeback
A fish nipped at the Chiefs’ snack shortly later to “tie it up.”
As the prediction event neared the 30 minute mark
a tiny frenzy led to multiple bites at the Eagles side suggesting a possible late score in the first half by Philadelphia on Sunday
People continued to hope for the snack in front of the Chiefs to be devoured and joked
A catfish that resides in the same tank as the piranhas was nicknamed “Andy Reid” by a person because it seemed to boss the fish around
the staff called the event over crediting the snack in front of the Eagles logo to have sustained more bites than the snack in front of the Chiefs logo
While staff said that meant the piranhas predict the Eagles to win
Chiefs fans may argue that meant the Chiefs will eat up the Eagles in the Super Bowl
Texas (KVII) — A Piranha like fish was caught in Lake Meredith
According to the Lake Meredith Aquatic & Wildlife Museum
They believe it was released into the lake by someone who may have owned it as a pet
Pacu can grow up to 3 feet 6.5 inches long
and weigh up to 88 pounds which makes them tough to keep in an aquarium
"The pacu is a South American freshwater fish," said the museum
Pacu are vegetarians and have teeth that look similar to human teeth."
It is also an invasive fish species which means it is harmful to other fish that live in Lake Meredith
a red-bellied pacu fish was caught in the San Marcos River in 2006
a 7.95 lb pacu was caught in the Concho River in San Angelo
TPWD said the pacu fish in 2012 was also likely released from an aquarium
The Lake Meredith pacu fish is currently on display at the Lake Meredith Aquatic & Wildlife Museum in Fritch
The Waterloo Piranhas youth swimming program is celebrating its 52nd season in 2025.
The Piranhas have enjoyed a resurgence of late
performing well in the Kaskaskia Conference the past few summers
Registration for the upcoming swim season opened online earlier this month at waterloopiranhas.com and via email at waterloopiranhas@gmail.com
In-person registration with suit-fitting takes place this Saturday
with a second swimmer in the family at $110 and $90 for each additional swimmer.
The shoal of fish on a police box follows works depicting a goat
A central London glass police box has been made to look like a tank of piranhas
in the seventh in series of works by the graffiti artist Banksy
The elusive artist claimed the work as his own by featuring it on his Instagram account in a post at 1pm on Sunday
The fish depicted on the police box are different in style from the previous six silhouetted designs that Banksy has claimed as his work on successive days over the past week
One of the designs, featuring a wolf on a satellite dish, was removed by suspected thieves. Another of a stretching cat on an empty billboard was removed by contractors
View image in fullscreenThe piranhas are in a slightly different style from the rest of the artworks. Photograph: Andy Rain/EPATwo City of London police officers were initially seen examining Banksy’s new work before taking pictures
One officer told PA Media news agency they were asked to inspect the artwork after it was picked up on CCTV cameras
and that they were waiting to hear what would be done about it
Banksy’s Instagram account has revealed a new animal artwork each day for the past seven days
a piece showing a stretching cat on a damaged and empty advertising billboard was removed from its location in north-west London hours after it was revealed
View image in fullscreenBanksy’s cat in Cricklewood
Photograph: Dan Kitwood/Getty ImagesCrowds booed as the piece in Cricklewood was dismantled by three men who said they were hired by a contracting company to take down the billboard for safety reasons
Hours after Banksy confirmed the design was his
crowds gathered from across London to see the piece before the men arrived
said they were going to take the billboard down on Monday and replace it
but the removal had been brought forward to Saturday in case someone ripped it down and left it unsafe
A black board was first used to cover most of the cat at the request of the police
who wanted to stop people walking in the road in front of traffic
The owner of the billboard has told police he will donate it to an art gallery
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telling you what’s happening and why it matters
View image in fullscreenThe wolf artwork by Banksy was removed by suspected thieves
Photograph: Jordan Pettitt/PAThe cat design was the second piece to be removed during the week after a painting of a howling wolf on a satellite dish was taken off the roof of a shop in Peckham
“It’s a great shame we can’t have nice things and it’s a shame it couldn’t have lasted more than an hour,” a witness said
The first piece of graffiti in Banksy’s animal-themed series
is near Kew Bridge in south-west London and shows a goat with rocks falling down below it
the artist added silhouettes of two elephants with their trunks stretched towards each other on the side of a building in Chelsea
This was followed by three monkeys that seemed to swing underneath a bridge over Brick Lane
of pelicans pinching fish from a London chip shop sign in Walthamstow
The Observer reported on Saturday that the series was designed to cheer up the public during a period when the news headlines had been bleak
indicated that theorising about the deeper significance of each new image had been way too involved and the works had instead simply been designed to give people a moment of unexpected amusement
Metrics details
Advances in omics technologies have enabled the in-depth study of microbial communities and their metabolic profiles from all environments
Here metagenomes were sampled from piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus) and from river water from the Rio São Benedito (Amazon Basin)
Shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to explore diversity and to test whether fish microbiomes are a good proxy for river microbiome studies
The results showed that the fish microbiomes were not significantly different from the river water microbiomes at higher taxonomic ranks
This result repeated for functional gene abundances associated with specific metabolic categories (SEED level 3)
A clear delineation between water and fish was seen for beta diversity
The piranha microbiome provides a good and representative subset of its river water microbiome
Variations seen in beta biodiversity were expected and can be explained by temporal variations in the fish microbiome in response to stronger selective forces on its biodiversity
Metagenome assembled genomes construction was better from the fish samples
This study has revealed that the microbiome of a piranha tells us a lot about its river water microbiome and function
gut microbiomes provide a lens into wider environments by enriching and simplifying the environmental biodiversity within the resident hosts
To investigate the ability of fish to act as a method for enriching taxa and functions from the aquatic environment
whole shotgun sequencing was used to compare the metagenomes of the Rio São Benedito
a river located in the Amazon Basin in Pará
Brazil and the gut microbiome of the endemic Redeye Piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus)
Our aims were to investigate differences in microbial community composition between gut microbiome and environment
such as differential metabolic gene abundances
as well as the propagation of underrepresented taxa from the environment
we sought to evaluate the suitability of fish for their bioprospecting potential in freshwater environments
Photos of fish and river sampling on the Rio São Benedito, located in the Amazon Basin in Pará, Brazil. (a–c) Example specimens of the endemic Redeye Piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus) sampled in the study. (d) Demonstration of river water sampling using a Sterivex filter unit.
Taxonomic profile of the Rio São Benedito fish and water metagenomes
The graph shows distribution of the 15 most abundant prokaryotic genera from anal swab and water samples and their respective phyla
Diversity measures of Rio São Benedito water and piranha anal swab samples at the genus level for prokaryotic communities
(a) Alpha diversity represented by Shannon Index showing significant differences between anal swab and river samples (one-way ANOVA
(b) Beta diversity represented by principal component analysis plot showing differences in the structure of prokaryotic communities from anal swab and river water samples
The axes show the Principal Components (PC)
with PC1 and PC2 respectively explaining 65.5% and 22.8% of the total variance
Only entries where at least 10 reads were classified within a given sample from either swab or water metagenomes were used for diversity measures
Venn diagram representing unique and common counts of prokaryotic genera between (c) anal swabs
(d) water and (e) both sampling groups overall
only entries where at least 10 counts were classified to a genus within an individual swab or river sample were included
Differential abundance of metabolic genes from the anal swab and river water metagenomes
Differences in relative abundance of metabolic gene groups categorized at SEED Level 1 were visualized via (a) heatmap of all classified functional genes with (b) the significant differences in differential abundance displayed as a bar plot with error bars (two-sided Welch’s t test
with Benjamin-Hochberg method for false discovery rate
Diversity and abundance measures of Rio São Benedito water and piranha anal swab samples for functional genes at SEED level 3
(a) Alpha diversity represented by Shannon Index between anal swab and river samples
(b) Beta diversity represented by principal component analysis plot showing differences in the community metabolic structure from anal swab and river water samples
with PC1 and PC2 respectively explaining 72.5% and 11.9% of the total variance
Venn diagram representing unique and common counts of functional genes categorized at SEED level 3 between (c) anal swabs
only entries where at least 10 counts were classified to a category within an individual swab or river sample were included
This suggests that the fish microbiota can enrich underrepresented taxa from the river environment
as well as provide a simplified microbiome with the potential for enabling shallow genome-resolved metagenomics
we can conclude that the São Benedito water metagenomes are composed of 20–40% of Mycobacterium species
Although this represents only a small derivative of the river’s microbiome
this approach was able to recover MAGs from a relatively small sequencing dataset
presenting a more accessible approach for in-silico bioprospecting and genome mining
Piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus) from the Rio São Benedito
a river in Amazon Basin in Brazil were selected as a model Amazon Basin fish to investigate and compare river and fish gut microbiomes
Taxonomic and functional diversity were compared between the water and fish with the results clearly indicating that the gut microbiome provides a lens on the river water diversity
A lens which both simplifies the waters microbiome complexity
enriches for taxa of biotechnological interest and genome mining while demonstrating that functional diversity is not lost in the less diverse fish microbiome
Using piranha to elucidate river water diversity and function s a new and promising science
but further studies are required with other fish species and in other rivers to test this hypothesis
The methodology was approved by the ethics committee of the Postgraduate Programme for Biotechnology at Centre for Health Sciences at UFRJ
Fish used for sampling in this study were endemic S
Anal swabs for collecting individual fish microbiota samples were performed via a cotton wool bud inserted in anus to depth of 1cm (area of swab material)
with 500ml of water filtered via a Sterivex filter unit (Merck) with 0.22 µm pore size Millipore Express (PES) membrane at each sampling site to collect the microbiota present
Swab and filter samples collected from the river were frozen until use in downstream processing
DNA was extracted from the swab and filter samples using the DNeasy® PowerSoil® Pro Kit (QIAGEN
No./ID: 47014) following the manufacturer’s instructions and was quantified by Qubit (Invitrogen)
Library preparation was performed using the Nextera XT DNA Library Prep kit v2 (Illumina) to prepare the DNA samples for whole genome sequencing
Brazil) for sequencing on the Miseq platform (Illumina) using the 2 × 150 bp chemistry and produced an average of 207K reads per sample
as well as at the genus level for the taxonomic profile
via a principal component analysis plot using an ANOVA test
with Tukey–Kramer post-hoc test for confidence interval and Benjamin-Hochberg method for false discovery rate correction
STAMP was also used to visualize differential abundances in functional genes at the SEED Level 1 subcategories between the anal swab and river water sampling groups
with the Benjamin-Hochberg method for false discovery rate correction
The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the NCBI repository
Microbiome innovations for a sustainable future
Digitalization in microbiology—Paving the path to sustainable circular bioeconomy
Bioprospecting culturable and unculturable microbial consortia through metagenomics for bioremediation
The multi-omics promise in context: From sequence to microbial isolate
Deconstructing the soil microbiome into reduced-complexity functional modules
and stabilization of soil microbial consortia
Perspective: Simple state communities to study microbial interactions: Examples and future directions
Potential roles of gut microbes in biotransformation of natural products: An overview
A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome
Bioprospecting of gut microflora for plastic biodegradation
Aquaculture industry prospective from gut microbiome of fish and shellfish: An overview
Bioprospecting for industrially important biomolecules from gut microflora of the mud crab (Scylla serrata) from an estuary of the Mandovi River in Goa
Bioprospecting of cowdung microflora for sustainable agricultural
biotechnological and environmental applications
Quantifying the colonization of environmental microbes in the fish gut: A case study of wild fish populations in the Yangtze River
Host species influence the gut microbiota of endemic cold-water fish in Upper Yangtze River
Host habitat is the major determinant of the gut microbiome of fish
Anadromous arctic char microbiomes: Bioprospecting in the high arctic
host evolutionary history and diet drive gut microbiome diversity of fish across the Yellow River
Fish skin and gut microbiomes show contrasting signatures of host species and habitat
Exploring the interactions between the gut microbiome and the shifting surrounding aquatic environment in fisheries and aquaculture: A review
Fish gut microbiome: A primer to an emerging discipline in the fisheries sciences
Aeromonas allosaccharophila strain AE59-TE2 is highly antagonistic towards multidrug-resistant human pathogens
Shotgun metagenomics offers novel insights into taxonomic compositions
metabolic pathways and antibiotic resistance genes in fish gut microbiome
Phylogenomic analyses of the Staphylococcaceae family suggest the reclassification of five species within the genus Staphylococcus as heterotypic synonyms
the promotion of five subspecies to novel species
the taxonomic reassignment of five Staphylococcus species to Mammaliicoccus gen
and the formal assignment of Nosocomiicoccus to the family Staphylococcaceae
Diversity of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp
and methicillin-resistant Mammaliicoccus spp
isolated from ruminants and New World camelids
The ecological importance of the Staphylococcus sciuri species group as a reservoir for resistance and virulence genes
Phylogenomics and comparative genomic studies robustly support division of the genus Mycobacterium into an emended genus Mycobacterium and four novel genera
Defining and quantifying the core microbiome: Challenges and prospects
Emerging bacterial infection: Identification and clinical significance of Kocuria species
Phylogenomics of Piranhas and Pacus (Serrasalmidae) uncovers how dietary convergence and parallelism obfuscate traditional morphological taxonomy
The relationships between the free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities in response to elevated eutrophication
Conceptual exchanges for understanding free-living and host-associated microbiomes
Siderophore production and utilization by marine bacteria in the North Pacific Ocean
Iron acquisition by a commensal bacterium modifies host nutritional immunity during Salmonella infection
Host-associated and environmental microbiomes in an open-sea Mediterranean gilthead sea bream fish farm
Microbial inoculums improve growth and health of Heteropneustes fossilis via biofloc-driven aquaculture
Mining of Microbial Wealth and MetaGenomics
Innovations to culturing the uncultured microbial majority
Genome mining as new challenge in natural products discovery
Genome mining for unknown–unknown natural products
Recovery of nearly 8,000 metagenome-assembled genomes substantially expands the tree of life
Biosynthetic potential of the global ocean microbiome
Dispersing misconceptions and identifying opportunities for the use of “omics” in soil microbial ecology
New approaches for metagenome assembly with short reads
fastp: An ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor
Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2
Protein Function Prediction: Methods and Protocols (ed
Sensitive protein alignments at tree-of-life scale using DIAMOND
The subsystems approach to genome annotation and its use in the project to annotate 1000 genomes
In Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics
and highly customizable R package to generate Venn diagram
STAMP: Statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles
MEGAHIT: An ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph
Scaling read aligners to hundreds of threads on general-purpose processors
The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools
MetaBAT 2: An adaptive binning algorithm for robust and efficient genome reconstruction from metagenome assemblies
CheckM: Assessing the quality of microbial genomes recovered from isolates
GTDB-Tk v2: Memory friendly classification with the genome taxonomy database
Download references
AM thanks the Brazilian Federal Government funding agency CAPES for financial support from its ProInternational (PRINT) programme: grant code 001 that provided the financial support to visit UWA and CSIRO in Australia where some of the analyses were done
SS and JRVA thank the Brazilian Federal Government funding agency: CNPq for their PhD and Master’ Scholarship grants
AM and SSO thank the Rio de Janeiro State funding agency FAPERJ for APQ1 grants
SS thanks Dimensions Science for a bridging grant post-Ph.D
AM thanks Renato Ferreira de Oliveira and Barbara Peckle for laboratory support
AM and ASW thank Pousada Thaimacu for the accommodation and boats and Dale Smith
Justin James Mytton Thornycroft and Bernard Woodcock for sampling
PV and PK thank Joel Andrew Bellesini for his preliminary work under the Pawsey Internship program
All authors thank the Programa de Pos-graduacao em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos (PBV) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
The University of Western Australia (UWA) and
the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
The authors also give thanks to the resources provided by the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre with funding from the Australian Government and the Government of Western Australia
These authors contributed equally: Sheila da Silva and Paton Vuong
These authors jointly supervised this work: Andrew Macrae and Parwinder Kaur
Programa Pós-Graduação de Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos
Alane Beatriz Vermelho & Andrew Macrae
UWA School of Agriculture & Environment
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
These authors jointly supervised the work: Parwinder Kaur
were involved in bioinformatic analyses and discussions
PK and AM were involved in experimental design
discussions and wrote the manuscript with SS
The authors declare no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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Members of the City of London Corporation’s Culture
and Libraries Committee voted in favour of gifting the ‘piranhas’ artwork to the flagship City museum
The acquisition by the museum will secure the artwork’s longevity and legacy in a spectacular new building and ensure that it is accessible to millions of Londoners
The piece was one of nine animal-themed works created in August 2024 by the graffiti artist and features a shoal of piranha fish spray-painted onto the glazing of the sentry box
formerly located on Ludgate Hill since the 1990s
Following confirmation from the artist that it was his work
the sentry box was relocated by the City Corporation to Guildhall Yard
where thousands of people viewed it from behind safety barriers and more recently
The artwork will be carefully removed from Guildhall this year and placed temporarily in London Museum’s stores before it goes on permanent public display in 2026
ArtDependence Magazine is an international magazine covering all spheres of contemporary art
ArtDependence features the latest art news
highlighting interviews with today’s most influential artists
fair directors and individuals at the axis of the arts
The magazine also covers series of articles and reviews on critical art events
new publications and other foremost happenings in the art world
If you would like to submit events or editorial content to ArtDependence Magazine, please feel free to reach the magazine via the contact page
Swamp People star and popular YouTuber Zak Catchem had quite the battle on his hands this week as he seemingly went head-to-head with a massive
But some fans say that it’s nothing more than a fishy tale
Catchem, who stars in the History Channel reality series and its spinoff Swamp People: Serpent Invasion
lived up to his name as he shared the incredible moment on his Instagram page on Monday (March 3)
“Huge 50lb Piranha Species caught in City Park Pond!” Catchem captioned the video
which showed him and his friends reeling in the giant fish
the reality star is seen lifting the fish into his arms and showing off its sharp teeth
Fans jumped into the comments to share their reactions
“He’s been eating good in that pond.”
A post shared by Zak CatchEm (@zak_catch_em)
“Ohhh man there ain’t no way I’d take that hook out the fishes mouth
did you see all them teeth!!!??” said another
“Tank!!!!!!🙌 nice work brother,” another added
many others pointed out the fish was more likely to be a Pacu rather than a piranha
“It’s a pacu,” wrote one commenter
It outgrew someone’s tank and it ended up on that pond
I’ve done that myself but not in a fishing pond.”
“He knows it’s not a piranha but it gets more clicks if he says it is,” another added
“NOT Pirahna but in a family called Characidae
These fish are actually primarily vegetarian and can even crack the hardest shells of nuts!”
“Pacu Fish are closely related to piranhas as part of the Characidae family of freshwater fish
The biggest of its kind…Everyone following me for a while has seen the teeth!
As I’ve caught these giants and been beat up by them as I try to turn them into pets lol
Pacu = Big Piranha and are NOT VEGETARIAN!
They will bite your 3—-D off TRUST ME.”
“No way that’s 50lbs maybe 25.”
Fans will be able to see Catchem on an upcoming episode of Swamp People Season 16
The synopsis for the March 20 episode states that “Zak will aid Daniel in taking down “The Professor,” a cunning alligator that has evaded capture for 30 years
making it a legendary moment for the crew.”
What do you think of Catchem’s catch
Let us know your thoughts in the comments section below
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The fish's distinctive black stripe reminded researchers of JRR Tolkien's villain. Fish image © Mark H. Sabaj and eye © Cesare Andrea Ferrari / Shutterstock.
An eye-con of fantasy literature is giving scientists an insight into piranhas and their relatives
The newly described Myloplus sauron highlights how little we know about South America’s biodiversity
and how much more there is still to discover.
A new species of vegetarian ‘piranha’has got its eye on you
It’s one of two new species recently named by scientists as part of an effort to see through the confusion surrounding piranhas and their relatives
and better understand the fish living in and around the Amazon River
Dr Rupert Collins
the Natural History Museum’s Senior Curator of Fishes
is one of the scientists who helped to describe the species
“As soon as one of my colleagues came up with the name for this fish
we knew it was perfect for it,” Rupert says
“Its pattern looks a lot like the Eye of Sauron
especially with the orange patches on its body.”
“With so much undescribed biodiversity in the Amazon and surrounding rivers
its name is also a good reminder to keep an eye out for undescribed species in South America.”
Following its description, Myloplus sauron joins a select club of animals named after the literary villain, including a dinosaur, a frog, and a group of butterflies
The study was published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology
having appeared in countless books and films as agents of evil
The James Bond villain Blofeld fed an unfortunate employee to them in You Only Live Twice
while highly fictionalised versions of the fish headline the Piranha film franchise
piranhas don’t really deserve their reputation as bloodthirsty fish
their reputation of reducing an animal to its bones in a matter of seconds isn’t quite true
“The former US President Teddy Roosevelt is responsible for much of the piranhas’ reputation,” Rupert says
“He wrote about a cow being torn apart in front of him during a visit to South America
cementing their ferocious image in the public consciousness.”
“What actually happened was that the piranhas had been rounded up in nets and starved
driving them into a feeding frenzy when the cow was pushed into the water
the fish will only attack like this when they are very hungry or defending their nests.”
many species commonly called piranhas aren’t meat-eaters at all
the closely related pacu fish lack the sharp teeth needed to eat meat and instead consume plants and fruits
With more than 100 species in Serrasalmidae, the family containing piranhas and pacus, telling apart and understanding how they are related is tough even for an expert. Their genetics can be complicated to unravel
while many of their external characteristics appear to be similar due to the process of convergent evolution
“Many species were established using differences in teeth
but similar teeth have popped up repeatedly in distantly related fish,” Rupert explains
“They can also look very different at every stage of their life
with one species containing animals with many appearances.”
Until recently there was at least one species that researchers could confidently identify
Myloplus schomburgkii could easily be picked out in rivers across South America
But recent research suggested that this fish might not be all it seemed
and now this new study has revealed that it’s not one species
The Tapajós river is home to a population with a spot
but there's not enough evidence that this is a species in its own right
Splitting the species wasn’t that straightforward though
When the study’s authors went back to investigate M
they were faced with a major issue – they couldn’t find the holotype
This is the specimen used to define a species
and is needed to compared to newer specimens to identify what exactly they might be
when the fish was described in 1841 descriptions of a new species were not as detailed as they are now
all the researchers could find was an illustration of it
The next step was collecting new specimens from across South America and comparing their DNA
They found that there appeared to be three distinct genetic groups
with close examination of the fishes’ bodies revealing subtle differences in their colouration
the researchers gathered sufficient evidence to prove that there were two new species
But the genetic data also raised more mysteries surrounding these pacus
“We found a population in the Tapajós river where these fish had a big spot rather than a black band,” Rupert says
“While this might mean they are different species
suggesting they might just be a distinctive population.”
there also wasn’t enough evidence to suggest whether these three species all descend from one common ancestor
The future for these species seems good, at least for now. While the construction of hydroelectric dams in the region has raised concerns about the impacts on rivers
the widespread distribution of these fishes means that they should be able to survive in the short term
Other South American fishes, however, might not be so lucky. With as many as 42% unknown to science, identifying the continent’s fish species and where they are found will help scientists to understand the threats facing them and help these animals survive.
Protecting our planetWe're working towards a future where both people and the planet thrive.
Hear from scientists studying human impact and change in the natural world.
A new project to kickstart conservation for some of the world’s rarest fishes is making a splash
While there are currently only two members of the genus Saurona
many more as-yet-undescribed species are thought to exist
An expedition to some of the Earth's deepest ocean trenches has broken records for deep-sea fish
The tropical arachnids have been named after the musician to draw attention to the threats they face.
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Swedish games firm Enad Global 7 (EG7) initiated the "wind down" of Toadman Interactive and laid off 38 employees from Piranha Games
EG7 said the decision to shut down Toadman Interactive was due to "continued industry challenges and the studio's inability to secure new work-for-hire contracts at a necessary pace."
Current work-for-hire contracts on current projects
will be protected during the process set to occur in the second half of 2025
69 employees and subcontractors will be affected by the wind down
with 42 staying on to fulfil contracts of protected projects
Last September, Toadman closed its offices in Stockholm, Visby, and Oslo
in addition to redundancies at its Berlin studio
38 employees will be let go as part of a "business optimisation plan" following the release of MechWarrior 5: Clans
"The team at Piranha truly delivered a high-quality game that exceeded both internal as well as external expectations in terms of quality
"Despite the phenomenal work by the team at Piranha
the game failed to reach new audiences and expand its core audience as expected and therefore has not met the necessary sales targets
which has forced us to undertake necessary actions."
Toadman, publisher Sold Out, and creative agency Petrol joined together in January 2020 to form EG7. Later that year, the firm acquired Piranha Games for $24.1 million
No part of this website or its content may be reproduced without the copyright owner's permission
GAMESINDUSTRY.BIZ is a registered trademark of Gamer Network Limited
The Piranha is usually seen as one of Vanessa's weaker build angles (or at least one where you pivot away after the early game)
Rarran was able to pull off a massive 10-win run by pairing it with the likes of Crow's Nest
we'll cover his build's core engine and supportive components
but be sure to also watch his full VOD to see every decision he made
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Choosing this allows you to play aggressively early on with potential to pivot to Aquatic later on
players will avoid sticking with the Piranha until late game due to its scaling issues
If you do build around Piranha as your main engine
you're going to want to get it to 100% Crit Chance and find ways to scale its Damage
Although he used multiple Piranhas through the early and mid game
Rarran ultimately opted for just one Piranha due to the Crow's Nest and Spices (which we'll get to below)
The Crow's Nest ensures that you hit the 100% Crit threshold and grants you Lifesteal when you have a solo item
Rarran was also able to imbue it with Turbo but that isn't required for this build to work
Aggressive builds heavily depend on outracing your enemies
you'll usually have a bad time since you'll lack defenses
Holsters offer the perfect option for your Piranha and the other Small items in this build due to its instant Haste
Spices can be dropped from the following PvE Encounters:
Since your Piranhas will scale at different rates
narrowing down your board to just one Piranha ensures that Spices will will always grant the most Damage possible
You can increase its Ammo with Gunpowder from Loot or through other opportunities like Level ups
which drops from Boileroom Brawler (level 4)
is always a good option to go for in any build
it was particularly crucial in this Piranha run to help the strategy continue to scale and outpace opponents
Make sure to keep track of your level ups and position an upgradeable item to its left
the other major way Rarran scaled his build's Damage was through the Lifting skill which increases every time you buy a Weapon
Rarran used Stash items like Shovel and Fishing Net to provide additional income sources
you can look to buy it time with crowd control options like Clamera (Slows) and Frost Potion (Freezes)
Ideally these are Small items so you can Haste it with your Holsters
these were some of the major finds (along with Lifting) that Rarran found
which hit the headlines last summer after Banksy turned it into one of his latest artworks
will become one of the most popular and photographed exhibits at the new London Museum
The artwork will be carefully removed from Guildhall this year and placed temporarily in London Museum’s stores before it goes on permanent public display in 2026
The City Corporation has pledged £222m to the museum which
will transform the north-west of the Square Mile into a global arts capital
elevating the City’s attractiveness as a leading business and visitor destination
The museum is expected to attract two million visitors annually and create over 1,500 jobs
London Museum is being developed by the City Corporation, in partnership with the Greater London Authority, and is one of several transformative projects being delivered by the City Corporation, including the Barbican Renewal Programme and Salisbury Square Development to house the new City of London Police HQ and multi-courts complex
Policy Chairman of the City of London Corporation
“When the piece appeared in the City and being acutely aware of Banksy’s popularity
we relocated it swiftly to protect it and ensure that it could be viewed safely and retained for future generations to enjoy
will tell the story of London’s unique and diverse history
The new London Museum is just one of the many attractions that visitors can explore and experience in the Square Mile
and I know this artwork will delight all who see it.”
Chairman of the City of London Corporation’s Culture
“Now that we know that Banksy’s piranhas will be viewed and enjoyed by huge numbers of visitors to the new Museum
I am sending my warmest congratulations to its team on its latest acquisition and to the City Corporation’s Culture Team for brokering this exciting opportunity
“Showcasing an astonishing range of exhibits in a beautifully designed building
the museum will open next year to much fanfare
and it is very gratifying to know that the artwork will be among the items creating so much interest and excitement.”
“The only thing better than having a Banksy appear on the walls of London Museum in Smithfield or Docklands is having a Banksy on display inside
“No other artist connects with people so profoundly
a Banksy will appear at the end of the road in which you live and it’s always a moment when one does
Banksy brings art to the streets and it’s for everyone
so what a great acquisition and gift to have for the people of London - a City of London Police Box
The City of London Corporation is one of the largest funders of heritage and cultural activities in the UK and invests over £130m every year
The organisation manages a range of world-class cultural and heritage institutions
It also supports the London Symphony Orchestra and the new London Museum
For further information, please contact Andrew Buckingham, Media Officer (Arts, Culture, Heritage, Licensing), City of London Corporation / 07795 333060 / andrew.buckingham@cityoflondon.gov.uk
The City of London Corporation is the governing body of the Square Mile dedicated to a vibrant and thriving City, supporting a diverse and sustainable London within a globally successful UK. www.cityoflondon.gov.uk
London Museum tells the ever-changing story of this great world city and its people
displays and activities seek to inspire a passion for London and provide a sense of the vibrancy that makes the city such a unique place
A fixture on London’s cultural scene since first opening in 1976
It has now closed doors at its London Wall site in preparation for its relocation to a new home at Smithfield
where it will occupy historic market buildings and open up to millions more visitors from 2026
London Museum Docklands remains open Monday - Sunday 10am – 5pm and is FREE to all. You can explore London Museum with collections online – home to 138,000 objects with more being added regularly. https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/
Parent company Enad Global 7 has also announced that EvilVEvil developer Toadman will be closed
Enad Global 7 has announced that 38 employees at its Piranha Games studio will be laid off after the most recent game in its Mechwarrior series
"performed below expectations." Separately
whose most recent release is the 2024 shooter EvilVEvil
story and gameplay," Enad Global 7 CEO Ji Ham said
the game failed to reach new audiences and expand its core audience as anticipated and therefore has not met the necessary sales targets
The layoffs mean Piranha will be able to continue operating with "sound profitability" while still producing new content for Mechwarrior 5: Clans
and isn't sound profitability and producing new content what made us fall in love with games in the first place
EG7 said the shutdown "stems directly from the continued industry challenges and the studio's inability to secure new Work-for-Hire (WFH) contracts at a necessary pace," and will see 69 employees and subcontractors put out of work
although 42 will continue to work on the studio's currently contracted projects until they're completed
and SteamDB says there are literally zero people playing it right now
a studio headed by former Halo Infinite design head Jerry Hook
halted work on its unreleased game and effectively closed its doors after parent company NetEase ended funding for the project
Keep up to date with the most important stories and the best deals
Andy ChalkSocial Links NavigationUS News LeadAndy has been gaming on PCs from the very beginning
starting as a youngster with text adventures and primitive action games on a cassette-based TRS80
From there he graduated to the glory days of Sierra Online adventures and Microprose sims
He began writing videogame news in 2007 for The Escapist and somehow managed to avoid getting fired until 2014
when he joined the storied ranks of PC Gamer
from new game announcements and patch notes to legal disputes
– this proudly lowbrow film will have you rooting for the bloodthirsty piranhas
Piranha (AKA Piranha 3D) has to be one of the trashiest
sleaziest and unashamedly fun creature features of the last 20 years
proudly lowbrow and long overdue some appreciation
Forester’s son Jake (Steven R McQueen) is shirking his babysitter responsibilities in favour of an incredibly fortunate
fantasy summer job: location scouting for seedy
gonzo pornographer Derrick (Jerry O’Connell)
Jake befriends models Danni (Kelly Brook) and Crystal (Riley Steele)
and invites his best friend Kelly (Jessica Szohr) along for a spot of day drinking
Sign up for the fun stuff with our rundown of must-reads, pop culture and tips for the weekend, every Saturday morning
This is when those seismologists discover that an earthquake has opened up an ancient
hungry piranhas who do not need an invitation to make fish food out of the townsfolk
French director Alexandre Aja burst into horror prominence with the savage High Tension
an early entry in the New French Extremity wave
following it up with a brutally nihilistic remake of The Hills Have Eyes
This put him in prime position to take Joe Dante’s original Piranha
Originally filmed as a 3D feature (a version sadly unavailable on streaming services)
Piranha goes hog wild in its exploration of the format
guts and nudity on to the screen as possible; there is no bodily fluid left unslopped directly on to camera
no body part that can’t be exposed or bitten off
One of Piranha’s crucial masterstrokes is its excellent cast. Shue, Rhames and Scott take things super seriously to ensure there are always some stakes involved, while Christopher Lloyd is having the time of his life as an exuberant fish expert
manic energy that recalls his turn as Doc Brown in Back to the Future
Free newsletterCatch up on the fun stuff with Guardian Australia's culture and lifestyle rundown of pop culture, trends and tips
Read moreBut it’s when the hangry fish begin their attack on the spring breakers that Piranha really pulls out all the stops
The disgustingly icky practical effects have aged like fine wine
the gruesomely over-the-top carnage managing to revolt and delight in equal measure
beach-strewn body parts to make Saving Private Ryan look like a Sunday afternoon picnic
In an era where horror cinema seems ruled by “elevated horror”
The only thing lurking beneath the surface is a school of ravenous
That’s not intended as a slight on horror films with a message – only that sometimes all you need are some crude thrills
Piranha 3D is streaming on Netflix and Stan in Australia, Apple TV+ in the UK and Hoopla and Tubi in the US. For more recommendations of what to stream in Australia, click here
Nintendo
and the good news are that some Switch 1 favorites will still be compatible with the new console
If you’re upgrading from the original Switch
don’t worry—many of your existing accessories will still work with the Switch 2
won’t work due to updated hardware specifications
key items like controllers and adapters remain functional for a smooth transition to the Switch 2
these accessories ensure you’re set for success
Follow MeriStation USA on X (formerly known as Twitter)
Your video game and entertainment website for all the news
and breaking news from the world of video games
makes an express reservation of the reproductions and uses of the works and other performances accessible from this website to machine-readable media or other media that are suitable for this purpose in accordance with Article 67.3 of Royal Decree-Law 24/2021
Elizabeth and Ben Parker remove some electric fencing to create a bigger pasture for their goats to graze
The Parkers run the North Kansas City affiliate of Goats on the Go
a nationwide organization that promotes renewable agriculture through a method called targeted grazing
Targeted grazing fences animals such as goats in a specific area to munch on the plants growing there
The goats clear out invasive species and vegetation
ensuring land health and accessibility while contributing to healthy goat nutrition
We make sure that the goats have mineral and salt every day unless it's raining,” Elizebeth Parker said
“We make sure everybody's within the boundaries that they need
We may or may not open up a new fence so they can have more to eat.”
Goats on the Go lists five Missouri affiliates
and affiliates including the Parkers price by the acre regardless of how long the job takes
A few independent goat lawn care businesses also exist — Oscar Mike Goats in southwest Missouri
DeShon Target Grazing in mid-Missouri and N.E
Farmers who graze with livestock usually have a focus on the animal’s overall weight and health
Targeted grazing is a land management tool that can accomplish several goals
from removing poison ivy on school playgrounds to preserving pastures for cattle to graze on
Margaret Chamas owns Storm Dancer Farm in Smithville
She serves as affiliate network support for Goats on the Go and the Livestock Viability Manager with Practical Farmers of Iowa
but the main driver (of livestock grazing) is
‘What do we need to do to manage this landscape?’ and the animals are just the tool that we’re managing with."
This brings in revenue but also creates the need to replenish their flock
Entering the targeted grazing business with goats has allowed them to earn a profit from their livestock without purchasing a new herd
“That seemed to make a lot more sense to me when you put the same amount of work in
but you don't have to raise up a whole new flock,” Ben Parker said
Glenda DeShon and her family noticed invasive plants taking over parts of their mid-Missouri farm
Discovering that goats enjoy eating some of these plants
the DeShons purchased a herd and became Goats on the Go affiliates serving the Columbia and Jefferson City area
Since completing a project in Jefferson City’s McClung Park last year
the DeShons parted ways with Goats on the Go
DeShon said that fall is the ideal season for clients to bring in targeted grazers for the removal of invasive species
invasive plants start to send nutrients from its leaves to the roots
offering an opportunity for the goats to combat the plant’s spread
and then they will defoliate and break off the branches,” she added
you know they're doing more damage to that invasive plant.”
the Parkers have faced some financial difficulties with the business this year due to increased seasonal rainfall impacting farms across the state
Wet ground conditions can cause foot rot in goats
slowing the goats down considerably while grazing
Though the Parkers chose to work with goats for their targeted grazing business
they hope to bring sheep into the mix in the future
Sheep have shorter legs than goats and are less likely to climb on low-to-the-ground equipment
Elizebeth Parker said this would allow the business to expand by offering targeted grazing for solar farms
the goats remain skilled at accessing areas humans can’t and maximizing land productivity down the line by removing unwanted foliage
I tend to call them land piranhas,” Ben Parker said
and they do it quickly for the area that they’re in.”
This story was originally published by Missouri Business Alert
a fellow member of the KC Media Collective
The Republic-Times Team of the Week is the Waterloo Piranhas swim club
The Piranhas are 3-0 so far on the summer season
That was preceded by a 443-186 win over the Red Bud Waverunners last Wednesday
The Piranhas opened their season with a 434-84 victory in a meet against Sparta
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Game Recap: Women's Volleyball | 1/19/2025 11:55:00 PM | Earl Zukerman
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In 2023, 11-year-old Charlie Clinton from Oklahoma made headlines by catching a pacu — a South American fish known for its human-like teeth — in a pond behind his house
The pacu fish was released back into the pond under the local catch-and-release guidelines before the Clintons realized its potential impact on the ecosystem
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation has since highlighted the ecological risks of releasing non-native species into local habitats
They advise anyone who catches a pacu to keep it to prevent disruption to local wildlife
This rare occurrence of a South American species in Oklahoma waters has drawn attention to the broader issue of invasive species and their effects on ecosystems
But what exactly do we know about this fish
and just how dangerous is it to non-native habitats
The term "pacu" refers to several species of freshwater fish that are native to South America
Pacu fish belong to the family Serrasalmidae, which is part of the order Characiformes
a large and diverse group of freshwater fish found predominantly in the Americas
Within the Serrasalmidae family, pacus are closely related to piranhas but are distinguished by significant differences in morphology
The taxonomy of pacu fish has evolved with ongoing research and genetic studies
leading to a more nuanced understanding of their relationships within the family Serrasalmidae
Pacus were once classified under the family Characidae
but later revisions placed them in Serrasalmidae due to their close relation to piranhas and other similar fish
Pacus encompass several genera, including Piaractus and Colossoma, among others. Species within these genera, such as Ossubtus and the black pacu (Colossoma macropomum)
are known for their distinct characteristics
unique dental structure and primarily herbivorous diet
Here's a rundown of some pacu species within the Serrasalmidae family
Pacus are native to South America and inhabit a wide range of freshwater environments across the continent. Their natural range includes the Amazon basin
which spans multiple countries such as Brazil
offering abundant vegetation and fruit to support their herbivorous diet
Another significant habitat for pacu fish is the Orinoco basin, primarily in Venezuela and Colombia. The Orinoco River and its tributaries form a complex network that serves as a home for various pacu species
These waterways offer a mix of fast-flowing rivers and quieter backwaters
both suitable for the different life stages of pacus
pacus can also be found in the Paraguay-Paraná and Uruguay river basins
These diverse ecosystems — from clearwater to blackwater rivers to deep channels and shallow flood zones — provide pacus with various habitats that cater to their needs for food
Originating from South American freshwater rivers, these piranha relatives are integral to their native ecosystems, aiding in seed dispersal due to their herbivorous diet. However, when introduced to non-native environments, they can become invasive and threaten local ecosystems
They will compete with native species for food and habitat
prey on smaller fish and invertebrates and introduce new diseases and parasites to which native species have no immunity
These issues are particularly pronounced in regions where pacus have been introduced without natural predators
allowing their populations to grow unchecked
Responsible pet ownership and effective management/control strategies are crucial in protecting biodiversity and maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems where these fish are not naturally found
Pacus have several distinct physical features that differentiate them from other fish
Their most notable characteristic is their human-like teeth
which are square and flat and resemble human molars (quite different from their piranha cousins' sharp
This dental structure is unusual among fish and specially adapted for their natural feeding habits
Aside from their human chompers, they're also pretty massive in size. Pacu fish can grow much larger than many other freshwater species. For example, the black pacu, a particularly large pacu species, can reach 3 feet (almost 1 meter) in length and weighs around 65 pounds (a little over 29 kilograms)
Their plate-shaped bodies are robust and somewhat rounded
distinguishing them from the more streamlined bodies of predatory fish
Pacus are equipped with several fins that each serve specific functions
contributing to their adept maneuverability and stability in the aquatic environments of South America
plays a pivotal role in maintaining upright stability
aiding the pacu in navigating through slow-moving rivers and avoiding potential threats with ease
This fin is particularly important for preventing the fish from rolling
It assists in making sudden turns and stops
which is crucial for a species that often dwells in environments with complex vegetation and varied topography
They also have a well-developed caudal (tail) fin, which provides the propulsion necessary for swimming, chasing down food and evading predators. The anal and pelvic fins, located on the underside of the fish, further aid in stability and steering, allowing the pacu to make precise movements through the water
The pectoral fins on its sides function like rudders
helping the fish steer and maintain balance
These subtropical fish are primarily herbivores
meaning their diet consists mostly of plant material
This behavior is more common when their preferred food sources are scarce
You may be wondering how fruit could be a part of a freshwater fish's diet
coming to the top of the water to feed on fruit and seeds that fall into the water from overhanging trees
This behavior is more commonly observed in their natural habitats
pacus also forage for food along riverbeds and among aquatic plants
using their specialized teeth to grind down tougher plant materials
By consuming fruits and defecating the seeds elsewhere
pacu fish play a vital role as seed dispersers in their ecosystems
This behavior helps in the propagation of various plant species
contributing to the health and diversity of their habitats
Pacu fish are generally not considered a danger to humans
and their interactions with humans are typically non-aggressive
There have been occasional reports of pacu nibbling at swimmers
likely due to curiosity or mistaking appendages for food
pacus are indeed safe to eat and are a popular food source in their native regions of South America
which is often compared to that of tilapia or other freshwater fish
In regions where pacu is farmed or caught in the wild
it's important to be aware of local advisories regarding water quality and potential contamination
In areas where the water may be polluted or where pacu are not a native species
you should take caution to ensure the fish is safe for consumption
Young Charlie Clinton's surprising pacu discovery in Oklahoma raises the question: Could he have kept it
which vary based on potential ecological concerns
In regions where keeping pacu as pets is permitted
they are sometimes sold in aquarium shops and pet stores
the reality of keeping a pacu involves significant considerations
often necessitating a spacious tank or pond
far beyond the capacity of standard home aquariums
This size aspect means a considerable commitment to space and maintenance
particularly their mostly herbivorous diet
requires attention to ensure it aligns with their natural feeding habits
it's crucial to check local regulations to ensure compliance with ownership laws
Understanding the full scope of care for a pacu
from their dietary needs to their substantial space requirements
is essential before taking on such a responsibility
This article was updated in conjunction with AI technology
then fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor
which labeled the pacu as the "ball cutter," was intended more as a humorous caution than a serious threat
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FacebookemailRachael is a writer and digital content producer at IFLScience with a Zoology degree from the University of Southampton, UK, and a nose for novelty animal stories.
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with a degree in biochemistry from the University of York
A young Myloplus sauron from Xingu River basin
Piranhas' vegetarian cousins are known as pacus, and you've likely seen photos of their curiously human-like teeth circulating online
a knew member has joined the ranks after being identified in the Amazon
and it's been named Myloplus sauron after the Dark Lord of the same name in J.R.R
Tolkein’s The Lord Of The Rings because of a distinctive mark on its side that looks like the Eye Of Sauron
“As soon as my colleagues suggested the name for this fish, we knew it was perfect for it,” said lead author Dr Rupert Collins, Senior Curator in Charge of fish at London’s Natural History Museum, in a statement
Rather than sitting atop the tower of Barad-dûr in Mordor, the fish was retrieved from the Amazon River, where an estimated 42 percent of fish are thought to be new-to-science species
“With so much undescribed biodiversity in the Amazon and surrounding rivers
it’s so important to highlight just how little we know about many of the animals we share our world with,” added Collins in a statement seen by IFLScience
“Even just basic things like what they look like and where they live
In order to protect the biodiversity we share the Earth with
with the key distinction between the two fish groups being that pacus are vegetarian
Its diet is reflected in its curious dentition that’s described as looking similar to that of a human
The human-like teeth of pacu have seen them circulate in the press time and time again
often turning up in non-native ecosystems when they get too big as pets and are released into the environment
these fish can stretch to 1 meter (3 feet) long
Their mighty size and dentition have led some to believe they might be dangerous
that didn’t stop them from getting a reputation for biting off people’s testicles
According to Snopes
a testicle-biting incident reportedly occurred in 2001 when a male swimmer was chomped on the nads by a pacu in Papua New Guinea
these fish evolved to eat fruits and have seed-crushing teeth as a result
Good for grinding up nuts of the non-human kind
but not very proficient at snipping off testicles
This veggie icon isn’t out for blood or those nuts
The study is published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology
animalsWhere Have All The Penis Bones Gone? We’re Looking At You, Natural History Museums2 days ago36link to article
plantsTrees Reported To Align Their Electrical Signals During A Solar Eclipse As If Cooperating2 days ago88link to article
T. Rex Leather, Glow-In-The-Dark Gas Clouds, And Musical Sea Lionslink to article
The Five Most Common Headacheslink to article
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Formed in Brighton in 1977 The Piranhas have always been a light-hearted affair who were fronted by the one in a million ‘Boring’ Bob Grover. Sadly a few days ago, we reported on his passing on Christmas Eve – Article HERE
wanted to say a few words about the great man and so rather than us paying homage to Bob
Us Wyrd Sisters were running the Buskers Corner for the ‘Undercover Festival’ in 2007 at Bisley
event organiser Mick Moriarty suggested to Bob that he could supply a guest saxophone player and asked me to get in touch with Bob if I was interested
I put it off for a while as I was nervous and not sure what to say
as I was not an experienced player on the tenor saxophone
I was so excited though when I contacted Bob
I practiced like mad and I joined them to play ‘Tom Hark’
so I asked if I could come and try again at the next gig and eventually Bob got the hint that I wasn’t going to give up and with a little help from the others in the Piranhas Four and I started rehearsals
we played some amazing gigs I hope to never forget
and I think we only fell out on that one occasion
and others with all sorts of creative projects
but also all the practical things in between
the then Piranhas Four+ did not play again
we had some great festivals and gigs booked
and put that down to going to a technical school
to adventure and he also supported me with absolutely anything
from understanding musical theory and the support he gave me in absolutely anything from creating excel spreadsheets to playing cool riffs
I must say he always gave a nod to the music teacher who taught him
Bob was extremely patient with me and I must have driven him nuts at times
he was one in a million and I feel truly honoured to have been his friend
and he was an excellent musician who even when he could not play due to tendinitis in his hands
He made me laugh and cry with his antics and he put up with mine and I think he quite admired my spirit for adventure
it was always fun and he was an excellent teacher
and I am so grateful for the time I spent in his company
I will always be grateful for him having my back and me his over the last few years
Bob was passionate about helping creative projects and did so
and we shared many hours chatting and we laughed lots
Bob was the best friend anyone could wish for
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Brighton and Hove Albion 1 Newcastle United 1 Brighton and Hove Albion looked to be on course for a 1-0..
Brighton and Hove Albion face Newcastle United at the Amex this afternoon with Jan Paul van Hecke back in the..
Everton 2 Brighton and Hove Albion 3 Nikita Parris returned to the club where she started her senior career and..
Sussex 169 (59 overs) and 278 (94.2 overs) Nottinghamshire 300 (68.3 overs) and 149-1 (25.5 overs) Nottinghamshire (21pts) beat Sussex..
Anguiculus dicaprioi, or DiCaprio’s Himalayan snake, is named after actor and environmentalist Leonard DiCaprio ©Virender K. Bhardwaj
Over the last 12 months our scientists have been describing a dizzying array of new species
From dinosaurs that may have roamed like cattle along Britain’s ancient waterways to tiny diatoms ceaselessly producing oxygen in the warm waters off Australia’s northern beaches
It has been a year of incredible diversity.
our scientists have been hard at work describing new species from the depths of the oceans to remote rainforests and even from Welsh living rooms
Not to mention the discoveries they’ve made from specimens already in the collections we care for
They’ve managed to describe and name an impressive 190 new species of animals
It’s never been more important to know what lives on our planet
Documenting the number of unique fish found in a river system can help inform infrastructure projects while understanding how ancient life responded to past climatic events can give us insight into how the current biodiversity crisis may unfold
is a new species of moth native to Guyana ©Mark Sterling
To create a world in which people and planet thrive we need to give all species a name to better inform policy
One of the most unlikely new species described this year is the moth Carmenta brachyclados
Its unusual story started when it was discovered fluttering around a living room in south Wales
our scientists revealed that it’s actually a species native to the rainforests Guyana
This exciting discovery could easily have gone unnoticed
but luckily the person who found it was a young ecologist who posted a picture of the insect on Instagram
One of their followers was quick to point out the unusual nature of such a moth
“This was a case where clearwing moth caterpillars in a fragment of seed pod got stuck to the boot of a professional photographer and got carried in an aeroplane to the UK,” explains Mark Sterling
a scientific associate at the Natural History Museum who helped identify and name the new moth
but the only specimens and other materials known in the world are from Port Talbot in South Wales.”
It’s joined on our new species list by 11 more moths
including two from Africa that are known to drink the tears of sleeping birds
Deroplatys xuzhengfai is a species of preying mantis from the forests of Borneo ©Zhang et al
Microhoria melecisi is a new species of ant-mimic beetle from Crete ©A
There are also around a dozen new species of beetles
16 copepods and seven amphipods from the deep sea
A handful of snails have been described from India
along with a new centipede from the Chagos Islands in the Indian Ocean
Kamchatkapora ozhgibesovi is a living species of bryozoan described from the Sea of Okhotsk off the Kamchatka Peninsula
Whizzing over to the Atlantic Ocean, and two new species of pirate spiders were described from tiny St Helena
The Caribbean has also been found to be home to a several new species of golf ball sponges
Our scientists are not just focused on living things
This year, a number of fossil species have been added to the ranks, with the most coming from a group of animals known as bryozoans
These are colonial animals a bit like corals
but that grow in a variety of forms and often over the top of other surfaces
50 come from a single rock formation in Australia dating to the Late Cretaceous
It makes them by far the most diverse fossil fauna known from Australasia from this time
They’re accompanied by a fossil fungus from Yorkshire, a newly described fossil seed fern from Wales and an extinct wasp. There’s even a fossil poop – also known as a coprolite – called Alococopros milnei
which was named after author AA Milne in recognition of his tubby character
But the biggest fossil find this year came from the Isle of Wight, as scientists named a new dinosaur from the island
is the most complete dinosaur fossil found in the UK in over a century
Comptonatus chasei is the most complete UK dinosaur discovered in a century ©Dinosaur Isle
Anisopteris shuteana is a fossil seed fern dating to 330 million years ago discovered in the Teilia Quarry
At the other end of the country, from the Isle of Skye, researchers named a new species of pterosaur Ceoptera evansae
“This particular group of pterosaurs is known largely from China,” explains Professor Paul Barrett
one of our dinosaur researchers who helped name the flying reptile
this is a range extension to another part of the world where we didn’t know that they’d existed before
filling in some of the gaps in the fossil record of these very difficult to preserve
There were another two dinosaurs this year, one was a sauropodomorph from Zimbabwe and a stegosaur from China. These join even more new fossil species, including spiders, a lizard-like reptile and a couple of mammals
Paravandelia luna is a type of candiru catfish
which usually parasitise other fish by swimming into their gill cavities ©Dr Elisabeth Henschel
The fossil poop was not alone with getting a literary name. This year saw the description of two new vegetarian piranhas, or pacus. One was named Myloplus sauron due to its flame red fins and prominent black stripe which reminded researchers of the main antagonist in The Lord of the Rings.
The fish comes from the Xingu River in Brazil, but the building of a dam across the stretch of the water where the fish is found has put its future at risk. This highlights the critical need to keep describing new species.
“Potentially one of the reasons that these dam projects were given the go ahead was because the species diversity was grossly underestimated, and we didn’t know how many endemic species [found nowhere else] are found there,” explains Dr Rupert Collins, one of our curators of fish who helped describe the new pacus. “But since these projects have been launched, we’re finding that there’s probably upwards of 70 endemic species found in this very small region in the Xingu River.”
Rattus ombirah is a new Moluccan rat that is only found on the Indonesian island of Obi ©Pierre-Henry Fabre
Caecilia tesoro is one of two new caecilians described from the Tesoro Escondido Reserve, Ecuador ©Sarah Bock
“It’s a hugely biodiverse region and describing species, putting names on them, knowing their distributions, knowing how they differ from other species is really important for conservation and for understanding our natural world.”
Rupert was also involved with description of three new species of candiru catfish. Some species of these parasitic fish have the rather regrettable habit of swimming up the genitals of unsuspecting swimmers.
From the islands of Indonesia, our scientists helped to describe four new species of rats, and a new bat has been described from Kenya.
These are joined by a range of different reptiles and amphibians. There’s the two frogs from the remote tepuis – or table-top mountains – of Venezuela, as well as two limbless caecilians from Ecuador. There are also four new snakes, one of which was named Anguiculus dicaprioi, or DiCaprio’s Himalayan snake, after actor and environmentalist Leonard DiCaprio.
This year isn’t unique! Every day our scientists are doing the really important work of describing new species so we can make sure people and planet thrive. Check out previous years' new species round-ups below.
This year scientists at the Natural History Museum have been busy
It has never been more important to describe as much of the natural world as possible
Museum scientists have described 552 new species
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Volume 11 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1166334
Blood contact materials require strong anti-fouling capabilities to avoid thrombus formation
TiO2-based photocatalytic antithrombotic treatment has gained focus
this method is restricted to titanium materials with photocatalytic abilities
This study offers an alternative solution that can be applied to a broader range of materials: piranha solution treatment
Our findings revealed that the free radicals generated by the treatment effectively altered the surface physicochemical properties of various inorganic materials
enhancing their surface hydrophilicity and oxidizing organic contaminants
thus improving their antithrombotic properties
the treatment resulted in contrasting effects on the cellular affinity of SS and TiO2
While it significantly reduced the adhesion and proliferation of SMCs on SS surfaces
it significantly enhanced these on TiO2 surfaces
These observations suggested that the impact of the piranha solution treatment on the cellular affinity of biomaterials was closely tied to the intrinsic properties of the materials
materials suitable for piranha solution treatment could be selected based on the functional requirements of implantable medical devices
the broad applicability of piranha solution surface modification technology in both blood-contact and bone implant materials highlights its promising prospects
this property was limited to titanium materials with photocatalytic properties
It would have been of significant application if similar antithrombotic properties could have been easily obtained on other materials
for the free radical treatment of various common blood materials
The following were some of the reactions that contributed to the generation of free radicals in Piranha solution: (Koh et al., 2012):
we systematically evaluated the hydrophilicity
the charge of some common blood contact materials
and the surface chemical state after treatment with piranha solution
we systematically evaluated the antithrombotic properties of these blood contact materials by platelet adhesion and activation assay and fibrinogen adhesion assay
we investigated the in vivo antithrombotic properties of stainless steel treated with piranha solution in a rabbit ex-vivo circulation assay
we evaluated the affinity effect of TiO2 with SS on smooth muscle cells
The experimental results showed that piranha solution treatment rapidly improved the antithrombotic properties of various inorganic materials but was less effective on the organic material PTFE
The results of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) culture experiments showed that piranha solution-treated TiO2 indicated positive charge and promoted the adhesion and growth of SMCs
piranha solution treatment did not affect SS’s charge
and piranha solution-treated SS significantly inhibited the adhesion and growth of SMCs
These results suggested that piranha solution treatment was a simple
universal way to improve the antithrombotic properties of blood contact materials
piranha solution had different effects on the cytocompatibility of different materials
These results implied that different materials could have been selected and treated with piranha solutions to meet different medical implantable devices’ specific biological functional requirements
we believed the piranha solution had a broad application prospect as a surface modification tool
Multiple types of biomaterials were treated with piranha solution in the following steps (Figure 1A)
(1) Put the samples into a glass container with one portion of H2O2 (30 wt%)
(2) Adding three portions of H2SO4 (98 wt%) to generate free radicals
and thoroughly cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner three times to remove excess H2O2 and H2SO4
(A) Schematic diagram of the fabrication of the piranha solution-treated samples
the C1s cloes view of the untreated TiO2(UNT-TiO2) and the (F) piranha solution-treated TiO2 (piranha-TiO2)
The hydrophilic behavior of each sample was evaluated before and after piranha solution treatment through the sessile drop method (5 μL droplet) with the drop shape analysis system (DSA 100
The surface charge of TiO2 films and SS (18 × 18 mm2) before and after piranha solution treatment was measured using the EST111 Static Charge Meter (EST Electro-Static Test Co
The surface chemical composition of the TiO2 films before and after piranha solution treatment was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the XSAM800 (Kratos Ltd
The instrument was powered by a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source at 1486.6 eV with a voltage of 12 kV and current of 15 mA
operating at a pressure of 2 × 10−10 mB
The charge correction was carried out using the C 1s peak at 284.8 eV as a reference
The experiment utilized fresh whole blood from adult volunteers in good health
which was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital
The anticoagulant of choice was citric acid dextrose (ACD)
and the blood-to-anticoagulant ratio was 1:9
The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained by centrifuging the blood at 1500 RPM for 15 min
50 μL of PRP was added to samples (7 × 7 mm2) that were placed in a 24-well plate
The samples were then incubated with the PRP for 1 h at 37°C
the samples were carefully rinsed three times with physiological saline
The adhered platelets on the samples were then fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 4 h
the number of adhered platelets on each sample was observed using optical microscopy (DM4000M
Germany) and quantified using ImageJ software with six random images (size = 500×) to obtain the platelet surface coverage
the platelet’s morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope (Quanta 200
Firstly, 40 μL of fresh human platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was added to samples (7 × 7 mm) and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. The PPP extraction process is described in detail elsewhere (He et al., 2021)
the samples were rinsed thoroughly with PBS
the samples were immersed into the block solution (1 wt% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS) at 37°C for 30 min
the samples were thoroughly rewashed and covered with 20 μL of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP)-labeled mouse antihuman fibrinogen monoclonal antibody (primary antibody
MO) and incubated at 37°C for 1 h
70 μL of chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) solution (diluted 1:4 in PBS) was added to the surfaces of the samples
50 μL of 1M H2SO4 was added to stop the reaction
and a microplate reader was used to determine the optical density at 450 nm
The relative amount of adsorbed Fgn was quantified according to the calibration curve
In vitro culture of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was carried out using SMCs extracted from human umbilical cord veins
The sterilized TiO2 and SS samples with or without piranha solution treatment were placed in a 24-well cell culture plate
with each well containing 1 mL of medium with a concentration of 1.5 × 104 cells/mL of SMCs
The samples were then incubated at 37°C under a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 1 day and 3 dyas
the samples were washed three times with PBS to eliminate unattached cells
the samples were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 12 h
The SMCs were then stained with rhodamine and analyzed under a fluorescence microscope (IX51
The cell surface coverage of the SMCs was studied by acquiring at least six random images per sample and analyzed using ImageJ and SPSS software
The experiments were replicated three times
yielding a total of three data points (n = 3) for each test
For determining the statistical significance between the sample groups
the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD posthoc test with SPSS11.5
A significance level of p < 0.05 was established as the benchmark to determine statistical significance
As shown in Figure 1A, the study investigated the general applicability of the piranha solution treatment to various biomaterials, including silicon dioxide (SiO2), stainless steel (SS), titanium dioxide film (TiO2), titanium metal (Ti), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The results in Figures 1B, C showed that after the piranha solution treatment
the water contact angle of the inorganic materials all significantly decreased
while the water contact angle of PTFE did not change significantly
The decrease in hydrophilicity of the inorganic materials could be due to the introduction of hydrophilic hydroxyl (-OH) groups on the material’s surface by the treatment
the water contact angle of PTFE might be due to its highly conserved structure
which is difficult to be activated effectively with a piranha solution
Figure 1C selected SS and TiO2 from the various materials as representatives for surface charge properties. SS was used as a representative of conventional inorganic materials, while TiO2 was used as a representative of inorganic materials with unique surface charging properties, such as Ti, ZrO, etc., which change their surface charge from negative to positive when cleaned (Hori et al., 2010; Iwasa et al., 2010)
The results showed that the piranha solution treatment did not change the surface charge of SS
but significantly enhanced the charge-positive property of TiO2
This could be due to the cleaning effect of the piranha solution treatment on the TiO2 surface
The results of the high-resolution spectrum of C1s on the TiO2 surface, shown in Figures 1D, E, indicated that the piranha solution treatment significantly oxidized the oxygenated hydrocarbon adsorbates on the TiO2 surface, as the shoulder peak at 288.55 eV on the TiO2 surface was red-shifted to 289.0 eV after the treatment (Cui et al., 2021)
This phenomenon is consistent with that of TiO2 after UV irradiation
platelets heavily adhered to and were significantly activated on the surface of all types of materials
causing platelet spreading and agglomeration
in the group treated with the piranha solution
and Ti surfaces was significantly decreased
the activation of platelets was effectively suppressed
and the platelet morphology was mainly characterized by protruding pseudopods
the treatment with the piranha solution did not significantly improve the platelet adhesion and activation behavior on PTFE
Combined with the results of the water contact angle (piranha solution treatment could not improve the hydrophilicity of PTFE)
it can be speculated that piranha solution treatment did not significantly change the surface chemical state of PTFE
resulting in the inability to change the biological properties of PTFE
(A) SEM images (B) platelet adhesion area ratio (Sp)
(D) fibrinogen adsorption (**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001)
The Platelet Surface Coverage (PSC) could reflect the number of platelet adhesion and the degree of activation in a comprehensive manner. As shown in Figure 2B
decreased significantly compared to the PSC of the untreated samples
The decrease rate of PSC of the same material treated with the piranha solution was defined as DPSC and calculated using the following equation:
the results showed that SiO2-DPSC = 86.3%
the Platelet Activation Rate (PAR) had a similar pattern to the PSC
and the piranha solution treatment reduced the PAR of all materials except PTFE
The decrease rate of PAR of the same material after treatment with the piranha solution was defined as DPAR
and the results showed that SiO2-DPAR = 73.53%
As the first coagulation factor, fibrinogen directly affects platelet adhesion and activation. As shown in Figure 2D
the piranha solution treatment significantly reduced the Fibrinogen Adsorption Rate (FAR) of SiO2
The decrease ratio of FAR of the same material after treatment with the piranha solution was defined as D FAR
and the results showed that SiO2-DFAR = 63.0%
the in vitro hemocompatibility results indicated that the piranha solution treatment could effectively enhance the antithrombotic properties of various inorganic materials and had a broad potential for application
This study evaluated the in vivo anti-thrombogenic properties of SS treated with a piranha solution using a rabbit arteriovenous shunt model. As shown in Figure 3A
the samples were rolled up and tightly attached to the lumen wall of the circuit and the residual thrombus formation was measured after 45 min of cycling
(A) Schematic diagram of the ex-vivo blood circulation experiment
(B) Photograph of the catheter and (C) SS foil after the experiment
(D) SEM image of the SS foil (E) Lumen opening rate
(F) the weight of the thrombus formed on the SS foil
The results, as depicted in Figures 3B, C, showed that thrombin formed on the SS-UNT, inducing thrombotic occlusion of the circuit. As shown in Figure 3E, the lumen opening rate of the SS-UNT was lower than 80%, while that of the SS-piranha was about 92%. As shown in Figure 3F
the thrombosis weight of the SS-UNT was about 4.2 mg
while that of the SS-piranha was fewer than 0.5 mg
These results indicate that the piranha solution treatment significantly enhanced the anti-thrombogenic properties of SS
which was widely used in blood-contacting devices such as the vascular stent and inferior vena cava filter
As shown in Figures 4A, B
the number of SMCs on SS-piranha was significantly less compared to that on SS-UNT
the number of SMCs was significantly higher compared to that on SS-UNT
Cell surface coverage (CSC) statistics showed that the CSCs of TiO2-UNT and TiO2-piranha were 9.3% and 13.2%
while the CSCs of SS-UNT and SS-piranha were 12.9% and 3.6%
(A) Fluorescence photographs of adhered SMCs (B) SMCs surface coverage after being cultured for 1 day (I) SMCs surface coverage after being cultured for 3 days (*p < 0.05)
As shown in Figures 4C, D
the number of SMCs on TiO2-piranha was significantly higher compared to that on SS-UNT
Statistics showed that the CSCs of TiO2-UNT and TiO2-piranha were 26.4% and 37.7%
while the CSCs of SS-UNT and SS-piranha were 30.7% and 7.9%
These results indicated that the effect of the affinity of materials to SMCs after piranha solution treatment might have different or even diametrically opposite effects depending on the inherent properties of the materials themselves
The treatment of biomaterials with piranha solution was found to improve their antithrombotic properties, as evidenced by the results shown in Figure 5
the treatment positively affected the blood compatibility of various inorganic materials but had little impact on organic materials like PTFE
the treatment had a different effect on different materials
The treatment of TiO2 with piranha solution (TiO2-piranha) was found to encourage the growth and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
which was thought to be due to the positive charge property of the TiO2-piranha
While this enhancement in cell growth may not be desirable in using TiO2-piranha as a vascular stent
it suggests its potential use in fields where cell growth promotion is necessary
such as in developing bone implant materials
the treatment of SS with piranha solution (SS-piranha) effectively hindered the growth and proliferation of SMCs and was found to have strong antithrombotic properties
This makes SS-piranha a promising candidate for use as a blood implant device
The possible mechanism underlying the attachment of the Fgn
and SMCs on the surface TiO2 and SS with piranha solution treatment
The treatment with piranha solution was found to alter the surface hydrophilicity of inorganic materials efficiently and the oxidation state of organic adsorbates containing oxygen
thereby generally improving the antithrombotic properties of inorganic materials
the treatment produced contrasting impacts on the cellular affinity of SS and TiO2
it effectively decreased the adherence and proliferation of SMCs on SS surfaces
it significantly increased the adherence and proliferation of SMCs on TiO2 surfaces
a phenomenon that may be attributed to the positive-charge property imparted to the TiO2 surface post-treatment
the treatment with piranha solution was demonstrated to be a straightforward
and efficient means of enhancing the antithrombotic properties of inorganic materials while modulating their cytocompatibility
This holds promise for developing implantable medical devices that can fulfill the desired biological functions through judicious material selection
The raw data supporting the conclusion of this article will be made available by the authors
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by The Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital
Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements
Writing—Original draft preparation
and PY: Data curation and Writing—Reviewing
JC: Conceptualization and manuscript revision
This work was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program No
and the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Huang N and Chen J (2023) Piranha solution treatment: A facile method for improving the antithrombotic ability and regulating smooth muscle cell growth on blood contact materials
Received: 15 February 2023; Accepted: 28 February 2023;Published: 13 March 2023
Copyright © 2023 Liao, Chen, Jiang, Qu, Liu, Zhao, Yang, Huang and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use
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provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
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*Correspondence: Jiang Chen, MjgzODc2NTMzQHFxLmNvbQ==
†These authors have contributed equally to this work
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The artwork first appeared as part of the street artist’s animal-themed collection in the capital
News | London
Banksy’s Piranhas police sentry box artwork
is set to be showcased at the new London Museum
The artwork first appeared as part of the street artist’s animal-themed collection in the capital, featuring a stretching black cat on a bare billboard, a pelican on Bonners fish bar in Walthamstow and a gorilla appearing to lift up a shutter on the entrance to London Zoo
Banksy’s ‘piranhas’ artwork will be exhibited at the flagship City museum
which will open next year at its new location at Smithfield’s Market
It comes after members of the City of London Corporation’s Culture
and Libraries Committee voted in favour of gifting the artwork to the museum
Director of the London Museum said: “The only thing better than having a Banksy appear on the walls of London Museum in Smithfield or Docklands is having a Banksy on display inside
“No other artist connects with people so profoundly, with such vigour, humour, and honesty than Banksy. If you’re lucky, a Banksy will appear at the end of the road in which you live and it’s always a moment when one does. Banksy brings art to the streets and it’s for everyone
Following confirmation from Banksy that it was his work
The artwork will be carefully removed from Guildhall this year and placed temporarily in London Museum’s stores before it goes on permanent public display in 2026
The City Corporation has pledged £222m to the museum which
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The Banksy 'piranha' artwork on a police sentry box will go on display at the London Museum when it opens next year
which set it aside from the other pieces which used a silhouette style on larger buildings
it was moved to Guildhall Yard for safekeeping in fear of it being tampered with
and now it has been announced that the piece will be going on permanent display at the new London Museum when it opens up in 2026
The London Museum
is set to open at its brand new location in Smithfield Market next year
and you’ll be able to see the Banksy piece and much more up close
said: “The only thing better than having a Banksy appear on the walls of London Museum in Smithfield or Docklands is having a Banksy on display inside
No other artist connects with people so profoundly
so what a great acquisition and gift to have for the people of London – a City of London Police Box
and you’ll see Banksy’s piranha police sentry artwork on permanent display