Os cinco municípios com mais focos de incêndio somam uma área de mais de 179 mil hectares de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar - Reprodução/redes social The state of São Paulo set a record for fires in 2024 with 7,296 recorded between January and September 20 this year according to data from Brazil's Institute for Space Research (INPE Until then, the year with the record number of fires was 2010, when 7,291 outbreaks were recorded The data correspond to INPE's historic series It was reported that 171 wildfires occurred in the state and 4,489 incidents of unauthorized use of fire occurred in pasture areas Of the 645 municipalities in São Paulo, 405 had at least one fire in September, according to INPE data, especially in agribusiness areas. By August 236,000 hectares of sugarcane had burned in the state 346 km from São Paulo’s capital The municipality has an area of more than 64,000 hectares devoted to agriculture which corresponds to 68.97% of its territory 23,980 hectares are sugarcane plantations and 2,462 hectares are pasture for cattle.  Following Altinópolis is São Carlos where more than 68% of the territory is used for farming; Pitangueiras with 90% of the territory occupied by pasture for cattle and crops; and Andradina and Olímpia 88.55% and 85.67% of the territory occupied by farming activities.  In total, these five municipalities have a total area of 179,503 hectares under sugar cane cultivation. On the other hand, the total area of forest in these locations is only 66,339 hectares, especially in Pitangueiras, where forest cover corresponds to just 3.34% of the territory. The data is for 2023 and was taken from the Mapbiomas platform. In all, 14 municipalities in the state had more than 50 outbreaks in the period. And in 41 locations there were more than 31 occurrences, or at least one per day. The capital of São Paulo, as well as the city of Guarulhos, had three outbreaks each. All original content produced and editorially authored by Brasil de Fato may be reproduced, provided it is not altered and proper credit is given. All original content produced and editorially authored by Brasil de Fato may be reproduced, provided it is not altered and proper credit is given. Volume 7 - 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2017.00270 Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases categorized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages as well as cytopenia and functional abnormalities in bone marrow cells Several MDS classification methods have been proposed to categorize the disease and help professionals better plan in patients’ treatment The World Health Organization classification is the currently and the most used classification method worldwide Recent advances in MDS molecular biology and innovations in flow cytometry have enabled the development of new parameters for MDS diagnosis and classification Several groups have published flow cytometry scores and guidelines useful for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of MDS which are mostly based on detecting immunophenotypic abnormalities in granulocyte we review the current literature and discuss the main parameters that should be analyzed by flow cytometry with the aim of refining MDS diagnosis and prognosis we discuss the critical role of flow cytometry and molecular biology in MDS diagnosis and prognosis as well as the current challenges and future perspectives involving these techniques we observed that MDS patients without altered monocyte morphology or cytogenetic abnormalities but with a high percentage of monocytes with (abnormal) increased CD56 expression exhibit functional alterations (unpublished data) The aim of this review is to present all the main blood cell markers of MDS diagnosis and/or prognosis that should be the target of flow cytometry analyses as well as the current challenges and future perspectives of this methodology Dysplasia in immature myeloid lineages can be verified by the absence or decreased expression of CD45 and CD117 (2, 16). CD45 expression in normal bone marrow blasts versus dysplastic blasts can be evaluated first by measuring the side scatter (SSC) versus CD45 gate, followed by sequential analysis of myeloid progenitors and lymphocytes plotted in a new histogram graph (Figure 1) CD45 expression in progenitor cells is obtained by dividing the peak of fluorescence (PF) of CD45 in the lymphocyte population by the PF of CD45 in the myeloblast population as follows: Evaluation of CD45 expression in bone marrow normal blasts versus dysplastic blasts These populations first underwent gating of side scatter (SSC) versus CD45 followed by sequential analysis of myeloid progenitors (light blue) and lymphocytes (purple) (A) SSC versus CD45 showing regular CD45 expression by myeloid progenitors (light blue) and peak of fluorescence (PF) of lymphocytes (purple) channel = 81.05 versus myeloblast (light blue) channel = 13.6 with regular ratio (81.05/13.6 = 5.95) (B) SSC versus CD45 showing weak CD45 expression by myeloid progenitors (light blue) and PF of lymphocytes (purple) channel = 97.42 versus myeloblast (light blue) channel = 7.55 with altered ratio (97.42/7.55 = 12.9) (C) SSC versus CD45 showing strong CD45 expression by myeloid progenitors (light blue) and PF of lymphocytes (purple) channel = 82.08 versus myeloblast (light blue) channel = 27.55 with altered ratio (82.08/27.55 = 2.98) SSC versus CD45 highlight the populations of granulocytes (red) and progenitors and precursors (light blue) Samples were acquired with a Navios flow cytometer and analyzed using Kaluza software (Beckman Coulter) Dysplasia evaluation in myeloid progenitor cells Leukocytes were identified by SSC versus CD45 Enhanced percentage of CD34 (14.9%) (light blue) was identified through sequential gates with abnormal expression of CD7 SSC versus CD45 highlights the populations of granulocytes (red) The increased or modified pattern of CD34 expression and the absence of CD33 or CD13 are also considered criteria for dysplasia (Figure 2). This analysis should also be performed in the CD117+/CD34+ population, because some dysplastic precursors may also fail to express CD34 (2). Moreover, patients who display myeloid progenitor cells with enhanced CD117 expression are known to have poor prognosis (18) Flowcharts summarizing cell dysplastic characteristics verified by flow cytometry in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patient samples: increased expression or proportion are displayed in the white boxes; decreased expression or proportion are displayed in the grey boxes; asynchronous expression (expression of immature markers together with lineage markers in the same cell) displayed in the green boxes; aberrant expression (as an example myeloid cells expressing other lineage markers) displayed in the blue boxes These alterations are separated by lineage as follows: (A) alterations in myeloid progenitors (C) alterations in the neutrophilic lineage and (E) alterations in the erythroid lineage Evaluation of granularity in a regular versus dysplastic sample using side scatter (SSC) (A) First dot plot shows the leukocyte population visualized by SSC versus CD45 and the second plot shows the SSC peak of fluorescence (PF) in neutrophils (red) = 584.00 versus lymphocytes (purple) = 83.33 (584.00/83.33 = 7.03); this is a normal ratio (B) first dot plot shows SSC versus CD45 and the second plot shows the SSC PF in neutrophils (red) = 151.00 versus lymphocytes (purple) = 52.00 (151.00/52.00 = 2.90); this is an altered (patient) ratio Evaluation of neutrophil maturation in a regular versus dysplastic sample Neutrophils were identified and gated (red) on SSC versus CD45 and myeloid progenitors (light blue) and were displayed in the following plots: (A) regular pattern in a neutrophil (red) maturation curve according to the expression of CD13/CD16 (B) abnormal pattern in a neutrophil (red) maturation curve according to the expression of CD13/CD16 Mature granulocytes with diminished or absent CD10 expression, abnormal CD10 pattern and anomalous CD10/CD15 ratios indicate dysplasia (27). Moreover, granulocytes with abnormal expression of lineage markers such as CD5, CD7, CD19, and CD56, should also be analyzed (see Figure 6) (16) Evaluation of neutrophils with abnormal expression in a regular versus dysplastic sample Neutrophils were identified and gated (red) on SSC versus CD45 (A) Regular bone marrow showing the CD10 and CD15 expression in neutrophils (red) and no abnormal CD56 expression (B) myelodysplastic syndromes bone marrow showing diminished CD10 and CD15 expression in neutrophils (red) and abnormal expression of CD56 Samples were acquired with a Navios flow cytometer and analyzed by Kaluza software (Beckman Coulter) In some genetic polymorphisms, the expression of markers such as CD33 may be diminished but not abnormal (2). Also, since CD16 is associated with glycosylphosphatidylinositol, a lack of CD16 may also be observed in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (31, 32). A summary of the main alterations observed in neutrophils as well as the requirements for assessing neutrophil dysplasia are shown in Figure 3C Analyzing dysplasia in monocytes by conventional morphology is a challenge. Nowadays, monocyte characterization by flow cytometry is based on CD45 expression (moderate-strong) and SSC (moderate) together with markers such as CD14, CD33, CD64, and HLA-DR (23, 33). Monocyte quantification based only on CD14 expression is not recommended due to possible underestimation, especially when monocyte progenitors are present (2) Evaluation of monocytes with abnormal expression in a regular versus a dysplastic sample (A) First dot plot shows a leukocyte population on side scatter (SSC) versus CD45; the monocyte gate was performed on a second plot that displays CD33 versus CD14 showing mature monocytes (green) and the third plot displays CD56 versus CD14 and shows absence of CD56 expression on monocytes (green) in a regular sample the second plot shows the CD33 versus CD14 showing mature monocytes (green) and the third plot displays CD56 versus CD14 and shows the abnormal CD56 expression in a monocyte (green) population Dysplasia in the erythroid lineage can be defined by weak or negative CD45 expression and low FSC versus SSC (37). Currently, very few known antibodies are available to evaluate this lineage, and very few studies in MDS focus on the erythroid compartment (2, 11) A study published in 2013 showed that approximately 88% of MDS patients have dysplastic alterations in the erythroid lineage (5, 37). Although erythroid lineage development and flow cytometry patterns were described by Loken et al. in 1987 (37), only in 2001 did investigators report abnormalities found in this lineage by flow cytometry (29) The erythroid lineage markers usually analyzed by flow cytometry include CD36 (thrombospondin receptor), CD71 (transferrin receptor), CD235a (glycophorin-A), CD105, and CD117 (2, 16) Evaluation of the erythroid lineage maturation curve in a regular versus dysplastic sample (A) First dot plot shows erythroid population (blue) CD105 versus CD71 the second plot shows CD71 fluorescence intensity coefficient of variation = 70.7 on a regular sample (B) first dot plot shows erythroid population (blue) CD105 versus CD71 the second plot shows CD71 fluorescence intensity coefficient of variation = 117.1 on a dysplastic sample (C) first dot plot shows erythroid population (blue) CD105 versus CD36 the second plot shows CD36 fluorescence intensity coefficient of variation = 74.8 on a regular sample (D) first dot plot shows erythroid population (blue) CD105 versus CD36 the second plot shows CD36 fluorescence intensity coefficient of variation = 107.9 on a dysplastic sample a deeper investigation of immunophenotypic alterations may lead to focused genic alterations that could be used as a new target for drug development Flow cytometry is an important tool in diagnosing MDS and can provide information not obtained through morphological flow cytometry still faces a few challenges including a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate parameters to be analyzed and lack of a specific marker that discriminates MDS from other pathologies Another challenge is the study of erythroid series that do not have a specific lineage marker future multicentric studies should aim to determine which parameters are more informative in discriminating MDS from other forms of cytopenia to improve both diagnoses and prognoses establishing standard techniques would contribute to greater comparability across studies and NB reviewed the article; LM wrote and reviewed the article The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest This work was made possible with the aid of a grant awarded by the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) The authors thank the Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein and Clinical Pathology Laboratory for their support WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues Google Scholar Standardization of flow cytometry in myelodysplastic syndromes: a report from an international consortium and the European LeukemiaNet Working Group Am J Clin Pathol (2009) 132(2):290–305 Semin Diagn Pathol (2011) 28(4):258–72 The classification of MDS: from FAB to WHO and beyond International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes The 2016 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myelodysplastic syndromes CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Management of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes without del5q: current approach and future trends Expert Rev Hematol (2017) 10(4):345–64 Bacal NS and Marti LC (2017) The Use of Flow Cytometry in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Review Received: 19 June 2017; Accepted: 26 October 2017; Published: 15 November 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Bento, Correia, Pitangueiras Mangueira, De Souza Barroso, Rocha, Bacal and Marti. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Luciana Cavalheiro Marti, bHVjaWFuYS5tYXJ0aUBlaW5zdGVpbi5icg== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish The leading authority for the Architecture & Design community Recharge in a Restored Spanish Farmhouse in Menorca As a boy, Brazilian architect René Fernandes spent summers at Pitangueiras Beach in the city of Guarujá about 60 miles from the center of São Paulo So when he received a call from the sister of a former client about renovating an apartment there a time of exploding modernist architecture in Brazil and the same year as the founding of Brasília Erected on a narrow strip of buildable land between the beach and coastal hills the tower provided 16 floors of living space each consisting of a single terrace-enhanced apartment you know that there is going to be something special about the apartment,” says Fernandes whose eponymous boutique firm has completed more than 500 projects since 1982 “You come in from the heat and the bright sunshine,” he continues “and it is like you have arrived in a different world.” Paved in blood-red enameled tile the welcoming entrance hall is dominated by an imposing carved-wood door in an ebonized finish you are suddenly in a wide-open living area that is flooded with light from a wall of windows that look out over the sea,” he recounts the apartment was a remarkably preserved remnant of modernist design history one of Brazil’s most respected designer-architects to apply a forward-looking aesthetic to the 4,300-square-foot residence became captivated by the writings of Brazilian modernists like Oscar Niemeyer and Roberto Burle Marx while working in Paris during the postwar period some of it for the visionary buildings in Brasília the 96-year-old architect is highly esteemed and his furniture collected a vintage Zalszupin Guarujá dining table in jacaranda and concrete sells for as much as $75,000.) “I think my client expected me to suggest a gut renovation,” says Fernandes who collaborated on the project with longtime associate Adriana Rizzardo Rossi “But all I could think of was saving as much of the space as I could—bringing it up to date and shaping it to meet the needs of a new owner but retaining the remarkable essence of the place I presented a plan of conservation that kept the same layout and restored what needed repairing.” The single most impressive gesture of the Zalszupin design is a large conversation area in the main living space that’s defined by a curved banquette Half the seating unit cozies up against the arc of the interior wall the other half against a low canted partition cast from concrete A round alcove in the ceiling above emphasizes the circularity of the plan Other than replacing the upholstery with a neutral But he did tear out the apartment’s black shag carpet “It was not the best floor surface for a beach home,” Fernandes says “and it made the rooms darker than they should have been.” In its place he installed gray ceramic tiles measuring almost 3 feet square The remainder of the floor is the original dark-stained ipe The kitchen was updated with new appliances and the bathrooms modernized Fernandes replaced it with contemporary editions of the vintage originals “Ours are new,” says Fernandes “but the same chairs were part of Zalszupin’s design.” Also preserved was a wall of elaborately incised Formica in the media room a kind of antechamber to four of the five bedrooms who used both traditional and natural as well as emerging man-made materials in his own furniture designs Among the young artists he commissioned was sculptor Hugo Rodrigues who worked in stainless steel as well as wood and went on to a prestigious career He supplied the carved front door and the drinks cabinet The building itself has several simpatico design flourishes from Brazil’s mid-century modern period the view of the garage is screened by a curved wall of yellow cobogós or perforated blocks—typically concrete or ceramic—first appeared in Brazil in the 1920s proliferating there and throughout the world in the 1950s and ’60s white marble disks are set into black granite gravel “For years I have suggested similar treatments to clients,” says Fernandes “but they have always rejected the idea as old-fashioned Brazilians are beginning to rediscover their own modern design and to realize how important it is That is a big part of why I wanted to preserve Zalszupin’s work here.” Preserved—and Project Team: Jorge Zalszupin: Architect of Record Get our news on your inbox! Suscribe x MercoPress, en Español Montevideo, May 6th 2025 - 09:45 UTC With no South American country among the top 12 the Non-Government Organization Reporters Without Borders (RSF - the acronym for Reporters sans frontières) Monday lowered Brazil's freedom of the press rankings to 111th In all of America's Costa Rica (5th) and Jamaica (7th) are the only two countries in the 12-member elite called “white” but depicted ocre on the NGO's website which represents 7% of the countries compared to 8% last year and has not been so small since the creation of this benchmark in 2013 Uruguay is South American's best-placed country at 18th but both already in the “yellow” portion RSF says journalism is at least partially blocked in more than 130 countries and suffers from “serious impediments” or “obstacles” in 73% of the 180 nations under study the covid-19 pandemic represented a “form of opportunity for some states that restricted freedom of the press,” RSF secretary-general Christophe Deloire said surveillance and propaganda on the internet to unprecedented levels” remains stable in front of “the worst totalitarian countries”: Turkmenistan (178) Center and South) continue to be the most favourable continents for press freedom although Latin America registers the “greatest attrition” this year (+ 2.5%) The worst-ranked Latin American countries are Cuba (171 Brazil (111) fell four notches from the previous classification and joined the ranks of those labelled “red,” or “difficult” stigmatization and public humiliations orchestrated against journalists have become the trademark of President (Jair) Bolsonaro his family and his close circle,” said RSF's report which also criticizes both Bolsonaro and Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro for promoting the unproven anti-covid effectiveness of drugs such as chloroquine RSF also regretted the tension under which journalists in Brazil are immersed following the series of press freedom violations that occurred in April 2021 including the murders of Weverton Rabelo Fróes and José Bonfim Pitangueiras in the northeastern state of Bahia in circumstances yet to be clarified a radio show host and comedian nicknamed ‘Toninho Locutor’ a small city 300 kilometres west of the state capital He was conducting a comedy program on Radio Antena 1 He was fired at from a motorcycle which fled the scene right afterwards one of the main television channels in Brazil was shot from a car on April 9 in Salvador Investigative reporting on corruption remains dangerous presenter of the television channel Norte Boa Vista (of the SBT group) found on April 1 in his mailbox an envelope with two 380 pistol cartridges and a note that read: “For Diego Santos ” Santos regularly denounces political corruption and the activities of various criminal groups in Roraima The journalist is convinced that this threatening message is related to his work South American countries were ranked as follows: Yellow - Uruguay 18 There are no black countries in the region Commenting for this story is now closed.If you have a Facebook account, become a fan and comment on our Facebook Page! several hundred miles of blissful tropical coastline stretch across the state meaning a well-earned beach break is closer than you think (depending on the traffic!) Here are some of the best spots to pull up a towel within reach of the city A coastal town with uninterrupted views over Ilhabella Caragua – as it’s more commonly known – has 17 different beaches each with their own distinctive flair Wealthy Paulistanos tend to stick to the more developed centro including the party-crazy clubbing district of Martin de Sá For a bit of isolation and a more laid-back vibe head to one of the outlying spots such as Praia Brava it’s a convenient place to escape the sweltering heat of the city Santos | © Me/Wikipedia Praia Grande To the south of Santos lies Praia Grande an appropriate name considering this beach is ridiculously long Cheap accommodation is always easy to find due to the skyrise apartments that stretch along the coastline for miles making Praia Grande a popular spot for holidaymakers on a budget a small coastal city famous for being home to over 20 spectacular stretches of sand In the center of town lies the ever popular Pitangueiras and Astúrias two wide and spacious beaches that get seriously packed out on weekends as the masses arrive from the big city To mingle with the young and the beautiful there’s no better spot than the more exclusive northern beach known as Pernambuco a stunning resort town named after its strong ocean breeze And with that breeze comes plenty of big waves meaning the town is a hit with both windsurfers and surfers alike youthful Paulistano visitors spend a long night dancing away to electro beats in one of Maresias’ many palatial nightclubs Jutting out of the Atlantic just 120 miles (193 km) from São Paulo is the very appropriately named Ilhabella (beautiful island) a paradise isle surrounded by turquoise water that laps onto picture-perfect white sandy beaches But it’s not all about lounging around on the beach Ilhabella is packed full of lush hiking trails to explore many of which lead to hidden waterfalls that are the perfect spot for a secluded swim Sign up to our newsletter to save up to $800 on our unique trips See privacy policy Ubatuba Serious surfers should make a beeline for Ubatuba a popular province with breaks so divine the government officially declared it the epicenter of São Paulo’s surfing scene back in 2007 at least 10 prestigious international events are held here each year meaning it’s not uncommon to see some big names strutting their stuff Be sure to venture out of the town proper to discover the most idyllic stretches of sand Check out these beach tours and excursions of the area View Tours >> See & Do The Best Hidden Gems In Rio de Janeiro Only Locals Know About Guides & Tips A Complete Guide To Pão De Açúcar (Sugarloaf Mountain) See & Do The Best Amazon Locations for Seeing Wildlife See & Do A One-Week Rio de Janeiro Itinerary Guides & Tips The Best Spots for Panoramic Views in São Paulo See & Do The Top 10 Things to Do in Curitiba Guides & Tips The Best Non-European Destinations to Escape to This Spring See & Do 15 Must-Visit Attractions in Ouro Preto See & Do 15 Stunning Natural Wonders in South America That Will Take Your Breath Away Guides & Tips The Most Picturesque Spots in Sao Paulo See & Do The 15 Best Destinations to Visit in Brazil See & Do The Most Beautiful Buildings In São Paulo US: +1 (678) 967 4965 | UK: +44 (0)1630 35000 tripssupport@theculturetrip.com © Copyright 2025 The Culture Trip Ltd