Diálogo Américas In 2014, 3,100 Troops participated in disaster relief operations nationwide. So far this year, 2,700 service members have already provided assistance to civilians suffering from natural disasters. Throughout Brazil, the country’s Armed Forces are working with Civil Defense units to provide humanitarian assistance to civilians impacted by heavy flooding. About 3,100 Troops participated in such operations nationwide in 2014, and this year, 2,700 service members have participated in the effort. Soldiers from the 4th Jungle Infantry Battalion, the 7th Army Construction Engineering Battalion, and other Army units in the states of Roraima and Amazonas assisted more than 123,000 people affected by the largest flood in the history of the Acre River from February through April. They helped move civilians from high-risk areas, transported emergency basic necessities such as food and water, and performed maintenance at the Plácido de Castro International Airport in Rio Branco. The river, which exceeded its normal levels by 18.4 meters, only started to recede in mid-March. About two weeks later, Soldiers resourcefully put in place a metal bridge originally used in combat for the civilians of Amazonas — a Bailey bridge, rebuilding the ground connection between São Gabriel da Cachoeira, 852 kilometers from Manaus, and the border with Colombia and Venezuela. “Although the Bailey was old, and it was used to move armored vehicles on the battlefield, it is very useful for emergency operations,” said Major General Marcos Pupin, Commanding Officer of the 2nd Army Corps of Engineers at the Amazônia Military Command (CMA), located in Manaus. “The city was very isolated in the northwest of the state. “We mobilized all available resources to solve the problem,” said Sergeant Major Flávio Frederico of the Social Communications unit of the 21st Construction Engineering Company, headquartered in the city. “We were the only ones who could do it quickly.” Soldiers engaged in operations to support transport and supplies, and restricted residential traffic to maintain order. During their effort, Troops learned that there was damage to the BR-307 road at other points, where footbridges (improvised straight bridges) were erected that allowed one person at a time to cross. To help, the Army acquired small boats that could cross the broken roadway. Of particular importance was transferring civilians suffering from broken bones; the patients needed to be transferred on a gurney from one side of the chasm by boat to the other side, where they were placed in a vehicle to be taken to the airport. In the event of disasters in the city, patients are treated in Manaus. Soldiers work together to put bridge in place The mission to reconnect the city to other parts of Brazil lasted 12 days. In the early phase of the operation, on April 1, Troops in Boa Vista, 1,100 kilometers from the remote city, removed 40 panels, 21 joists, and 50 platforms to build the Bailey bridge in São Gabriel da Cachoeira. The iron structure weighs 40 tons. “The convoy from the 6th Construction Engineering Battalion left Boa Vista on April 1, traveled down the BR-174, and arrived in Manaus on the third,” SGM Frederico recalled. There, the Army rented a raft to bring equipment provided by the Boa Vista battalion from the port to the city. The trip from Manaus to their final destination in São Gabriel da Cachoeira took another four days. The bad weather was challenging. “There was heavy rain, which required we be more careful, because the ground could give way at any moment,” SGM Frederico said. Further complicating their effort was the task of building the bridge itself, undertaken by about 30 service members of the 21st Construction Engineering Company. “The engineering work is very technical. There was no way to hurry it along, it was a question of safety.” Finally, the link was ready by late afternoon on April 12, though traffic was limited to 15 tons at any given moment to avoid the risk of collapse. CMA and the National Transportation Infrastructure Department (DNIT) plan further repairs to the connecting arteries after the rainy season is over. “We are bringing in services to make these roadway connections permanent,” Maj. Gen. Pupin said. “The community needs the Army’s support.” Using the Bailey bridge to provide transportation routes to the people of the region was crucial, because the flooding damaged many roads. For example, on March 19, after several consecutive days of rain in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, a stretch of the BR-307 near kilometer marker 3.5 collapsed, leaving a crater 15 meters across. The break in the roadway separated the center of São Gabriel from the Camanaus River port and the Uaupés Airport — both 21 kilometers away, and the only connections to the rest of Brazil. “We are the last municipality in Amazonas; you can only get here by boat or plane,” said the Prefecture’s Cabinet Chief Valmir de Souza Delgado. “There was visible deterioration from the rainwater that had overflowed the riverbanks in the region.” The impact of the floods could have been worse if not for the efforts of the Armed Forces, and residents of São Gabriel da Cachoeira expressed gratitude for the Military’s assistance during the crisis. March to June is considered the rainy season in the northern part of the country. Three days before the road collapsed, the prefecture and the commanders of the 2nd Jungle Infantry Brigade had met to discuss measures that could be taken to solve the imminent risks. For more on security and defense issues around the globe, click on the links below: Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.542342 Genetic variability was linked with individual responses to treatment and susceptibility to malaria by Plasmodium vivax Polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene may modulate enzyme level and activity thereby affecting individual responses to pharmacological treatment The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1065852 rs16947 and rs28371725 are unequally distributed in malaria by Plasmodium vivax individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region The blood samples were collected from 220 unrelated Plasmodium vivax patients from five different endemic areas Genotyping was performed using SNaPshot® and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods 1846C > T) and rs16947 (CYP2D6*2 2988G > A) homozygous genotype was not detected while the allele A was found in a single patient from Macapá region No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found although a borderline p-value was observed (p = 0.048) for the SNP rs3892097 in Goianésia do Pará No significant associations were detected in these frequencies among the five studied areas a higher frequency was observed for the C/T heterozygous genotype in the Plácido de Castro and Macapá The distribution of the CYP2D6 alleles investigated in the different areas of the Brazilian Amazon is not homogeneous Further investigations are necessary in order to determine which alleles might be informative to assure optimal drug dosing recommendations based on experimental pharmacogenetics Variability in drug responses among individuals due to genetic factors is associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes the Brazilian Amazon presents significant inequality concerning malaria endemicity The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not CYP2D6 allelic and genotypic frequencies vivax malaria patients from five different Brazilian Amazon areas The patients enrolled in this study complied with the following criteria: they presented clinical malaria symptoms and sought medical assistance were over 18 years old and had positive results by microscopy (thick film) vivax was subsequently confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by signed written informed consent forms Exclusion criteria included children and adults under 18 years old related individuals and anti-malarial treatment within the previous 7 days The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE 06214118.2.0000.5243) from Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro The climate in these areas is characterized as tropical with no dry season; the mean monthly precipitation level is at least 60 mm The samples were recruited at the respective Malaria Diagnosis Centers SNP rs28371725 was genotyped by real-time PCR using a custom rhAmp® genotyping assay according to manufacturer’s instructions (Integrated DNA Technologies Reactions were run on a 7,500 Real-time PCR system (ThermoFisher Scientific United States) using the standard genotyping protocol Statistical analyses were performed in R environment χ2 tests were performed to assess possible deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Chi-square test was also performed to compare the CYP2D6 allele and genotype among regions Frequencies of each SNP were compared among the malaria endemic areas using Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression models A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant Genotypic and allele frequencies of CYP2D6 SNPs were successfully genotyped in 93% of the samples (Table 1) C.2850G > A) were found in low frequencies allele A at rs28371725 (CYP2D6*41) was found in a single patient from Macapá region a higher frequency was observed for the C/T heterozygous genotype in Plácido de Castro The polymorphic allele T was detected in a higher frequency in these areas All SNPs were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all areas (all p values >0.05) except for the SNP rs3892097 (CYP2D6*4 C.1846C > T) in Goianésia do Pará Distribution of genotype and allele frequencies along with confidence intervals among the study areas Table 2 summarizes the findings from five previous studies in which CYP2D6 variants *2 *10 and *41 frequencies were described for populations from distinct Brazilian regions and those from the present study CYP2D6*2 allele frequencies in all five areas from the Amazon region are less frequent than those obtained in other regions from the country Other studies have shown higher frequencies for the CYP2D6*41 allele in comparison to the observed for the P since only one individual in one of the regions carried this variant A wide variation was observed for the CYP2D6*10 allele frequencies within the 5 distinct Brazilian Amazon regions a phenomena also verified among the other Brazilian regions the CYP2D6*4 allele frequencies were higher than those detected for the majority of other populations Frequency distribution of CYP2D6 alleles in distinct populations according to Brazilian regions is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population of Goianésia do Pará Migratory flow resulting, from the extensive regional gold mining economic activity. Another possibility is that CYP2D6 participates in the metabolism of countless xenobiotics and, therefore, has diverse metabolic outcomes with distinct selection pressures over this allele (Silveira et al., 2009b) We cannot rule out the possibility that both mechanisms occur in parallel characterizing an ongoing process of CYP2D6 metabolic peculiarity in the population of this area It is important to point out to professionals involved in Public Health that the high frequency of CYP2D6*4 in Goianésia do Pará (about 1/3 of the population) results in a chance of relapse during treatment with the current therapeutic protocol since carrying this polymorphism results in a poor metabolizer phenotype individuals treated with the currently established doses of primaquine could present diminished serum levels of active metabolites and Furthermore, in a previous study in the Rio Pardo agricultural settlement (Amazon region), P. vivax malaria patients were enrolled to investigate recurrence and the most common CYP2D6 diplotypes predicting reduced metabolism were *2/*4 (normal-slow metabolizers; Silvino et al., 2020) In spite of the fact that this analysis was not performed in the present study it would be of great interest to investigate the prevalence of the *2/*4 diplotypes in the malaria exposed populations mainly in Macapá and Goianésia do Pará whose frequency varies between 0 and 16.2% among Ibero-American populations has a stronger association with continental ancestry Silvino and co-authors (2020) showed that time of exposure to malaria modulates the risk of P adding new evidence on the immune status as an additional variable to be considered vivax malaria should not be considered as a unique entity in the largest endemic region of the Americas Equally important is the elimination of mature P falciparum gametocytes (less than 10% of the malaria cases in Brazil) by primaquine since CYP2D6 activity may also impact the treatment of this species ultimately influencing malaria transmission profiles in endemic areas substantial variation in the frequencies of the CYP2D6 alleles may have a major effect on the current malaria treatment protocol outcomes it can also set a barrier to the success of this disease control program in Brazil the distribution of the CYP2D6 alleles investigated in the different areas of the Brazilian Amazon is not homogeneous This is a major concern once 90% of all malaria cases in Brazil are caused by P Since the alleles investigated in the present study do not comprise the full range of the CYP2D6 genetic variability future prospective studies must be conducted the clinical impact of CYP2D6-dependent metabolism of primaquine should be included to respond whether the Brazilian national malaria control program can establish genetic-based strategies to monitor subpopulations at greater risk for malaria relapse the association of more complex approaches such as haplotype/diplotype descriptions and serum drug level dosages in distinct Brazilian Amazon populations are needed in order to assure optimal dosing recommendations based on experimental pharmacogenetics Further investigations will be able to determine which alleles might be informative these must also address the potential association CYP2D6 polymorphisms to other factors such as adherence and parasite tolerance plus incidence and recurrence of infections Altogether these data will assure optimal drug dosing recommendations based on experimental pharmacogenetics The datasets generated for this study can be found in the dbSNP Requests to access the datasets should include a letter indicating the intended use and appropriate approval by your institution This should be directed to the corresponding author The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study Conceived and designed the experiments: DB Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DB All authors read and approved of the final manuscript Work reported in this manuscript was funded in part by Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Brazil-CNPq (Grant 306767/2018-0 to RLDM; Grant 404068/2012-0 to DMB and in part by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil-FAPERJ (Grant E_26/202.808/2017-232679 to RLDM; Grant E-26/202.791/2019 to CCC) ARB and RLDM are supported by a CNPq Fellowship The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher We acknowledge the participants in the study without whom this research could not have been done For laboratorial support the authors wish to show their appreciation to Gabriel Barbosa de Abreu (in memorian) To Norman Ratcliffe for the English revision of this manuscript Part of this work is described in a Master’s Dissertation by PS conducted at the Applied Microbiology and Parasitology Post-graduation Program The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.542342/full#supplementary-material Endoxifen Levels and its Association with CYP2D6 Genotype and Phenotype PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar African Variation at Cytochrome P450 Genes: Evolutionary Aspects and the Implications for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Evol PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Association of Impaired Cytochrome P450 2D6 Activity Genotype and Phenotype with Therapeutic Efficacy of Primaquine Treatment for Latent Plasmodium Vivax Malaria PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Resistance to Therapies for Infection by 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Recurrence PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Tarazona-Santos Population Genetics of GYPB and Association Study between GYPB*S/s Polymorphism and Susceptibility to P Falciparum Infection in the Brazilian Amazon PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Impaired Expression of CYP2D6 in Intermediate Metabolizers Carrying the *41 Allele Caused by the Intronic SNP 2988G>A: Evidence for Modulation of Splicing Events PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Molecular Markers for Drug Resistance in Malaria: Use in Treatment PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Polymorphism of Human Cytochrome P450 2D6 and its Clinical Significance PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Banic DM and Machado RLD (2021) CYP2D6 Allele Frequency in Five Malaria Vivax Endemic Areas From Brazilian Amazon Region Received: 12 March 2020; Accepted: 07 July 2021;Published: 23 July 2021 Copyright © 2021 Salles, Perce-da-Silva, Rossi, Raposo, Ramirez Ramirez, Pereira Bastos, Pratt-Riccio, Cassiano, Baptista, Cardoso, Banic and Machado. 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about your industry in English Enormous circles and squares were excavated in the ground in the Amazon two thousand years ago Edison CaetanoGeometric design in Plácido de Castro in Acre: a stage for ceremoniesEdison Caetano there was a time when the gods seem to have been geometric; and this period probably began long before scientists had previously thought Twelve radiocarbon date checks carried out in different sectors of three archaeological sites in this region indicate that the construction of the so-called geoglyphs – large designs excavated in the forest soil by an as yet indeterminate pre-Columbian culture which admired the straight lines of squares and rectangles and the round features of circles and ovals – started at least two thousand years ago Coordinated by archaeologist Denise Schaan from the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) whose article is being finished for submission to be published in a scientific journal extends the chronology of the Amazon culture of geoglyphs Until now there has only been data from one date check conducted in 2003 in Acre by Finnish researchers on one of these archaeological sites This placed the designs as having been produced sometime in the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries Made from the remains of burned charcoal found in a geological layer that is rich in pieces of pottery an indication that there was some human presence in that area the new series of date checks also suggests that the unknown authors of the geoglyphs may have disappeared before the arrival of the Europeans in the Americas None of the three sites studied (Fazenda Colorada located in a radius of 20 kilometers on a plateau of firm ground that does not flood among the valleys of the Acre and Iquiri Rivers has so far supplied elements to indicate that they were inhabited by tribes more than 500 years ago “The result of the date checks was a surprise,” says Denise who has been leading the archaeological work on geoglyphs since 2005 with funds from the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) from the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters and from the State of Acre The age of the geometric designs molded in the soil of the Amazon by means of the removal of a large amount of earth is not the only controversial point under review which may present more than one type of geoglyph and traces of ancient highways when parts of Acre began being cleared for crop and livestock farming activities and the first geoglyphs were sighted at points until then covered by the forest researchers have questioned why the ancient inhabitants of the region sculpted low relief circles and squares in the soil whose outlines are formed by continuous ditches dug out of the ground could have had defensive functions similar to a fort carried out at almost a dozen sites in Acre where these designs have been found indicate that these places were not primarily used as dwellings by ancient peoples the inner area of the geoglyphs must have been used for ceremonies “The archaeological evidence suggests that these sites were used for special meetings religious ceremonies and only occasionally as a village,” says Denise the researchers were working on the idea that sites with geoglyphs would be able to supply some type of evidence of large scale human occupation for a long period in the surrounding area it is more than reasonable to suppose that the people responsible for making large and accurate designs in the soil were numerous and had a complex social structure “The builders of the geoglyphs had no stones in that region but did great work on the land that required power and organizational skills similar to those of other ancient civilizations,” says archaeologist Martti Pärssinen from the Ibero-American Institute of Finland who is collaborating with the Brazilian team and is also one of the authors of the study giving the new date checks of the Acrean geoglyphs the inner area of a geoglyph varies from 1 to 3 hectares The smaller figures generally have rounded lines while the largest can be either circles or squares the depth of the holes in the soil that form the outlines of the designs varied from 35 centimeters to 5 meters and the width of the trenches varied from 1.75 m The earth removed to make the trenches was used by the architects of the geoglyphs to make small walls as much as 1.5 m which followed the outlines of the figures thousands of people must have lived at some stage in the areas surrounding the geoglyphs and worked in a coordinated way to build them the archaeological findings on the sites investigated in detail yet again do not ratify the initial assumption of the researchers Preserved human bones have not been found anywhere Neither are there marks of the so-called black earth a type of black soil that is very common in other parts of the Amazon Region and that is formed from the organic remains produced by the prolonged human occupation of an area The few artifacts associated with a material culture were retrieved from the top or bottom of the trenches that form the geometric lines probably the remains of pre-historic dwellings that are located right alongside the outlines of the geoglyphs Nothing really relevant was retrieved from within the flat area marked out by the mysterious circles and squares excavated in the ground “We still need to find the places where the dwellings and cemeteries of the people who constructed the geoglyphs were located,” says paleontologist Alceu Ranzi today a retired professor from the Federal University of Acre (Ufac) who (re)discovered the designs in the soil over the last two decades “They must have lived somewhere not too far from the sites.” News Agency of Acre and Edison Caetano | Geoglyph project in the Western Amazon RegionDiversity of shapes: geoglyphs with rounded and straight linesNews Agency of Acre and Edison Caetano | Geoglyph project in the Western Amazon Region Aerospace technology has been an ally of the archaeologists in their task of locating and studying the Amazon Region sites with geoglyphs Being somewhat far away and above the designs in an airplane or using the lenses of a satellite for eyes facilitates the work of looking for large geometric figures in the midst of deforested areas (if there is still a forest this does not work) The scientists initially used free images from the Google Earth service to look for new occurrences of the designs with the support of the government of Acre they have also obtained images from the Taiwanese satellite Formosat-2 By using these remote prospection tools the number of known sites with geoglyphs soared: from 32 in 2005 which seems to have been the region where the designs are concentrated They may spread out over a part of this state 16 times the size of the city of São Paulo In the neighboring states of Amazonas and Rondônia and also in Bolivia areas with geoglyphs have been identified using this methodology “It’s no longer that easy to find new sites because we’ve already done several systematic sweeps,” explains geographer Antonia Barbosa a member of the Brazilian team that studied the geoglyphs “When we started working with satellite images we found some ten sites in one sweep There is no hard evidence about who built the geoglyphs or how long this task took them The construction of trenches and walls for surrounding houses and villages was already happening in Europe approximately 10,000 years ago Since there are no indications so far that the frontier of Acre with Bolivia was the dwelling place of a unique and great lost civilization where no one has managed to find the remains of any houses or villages the archaeologists started working with an intermediary scenario It is unlikely that there was an enormous lost empire that worshipped geometric gods in this corner of the Amazon but perhaps there were two or three still semi-nomadic peoples spread out in small villages (today more difficult to find) “The geoglyph society was in one way complex one of transition,” says archaeologist Sanna Saunaluoma who is studying the designs both in Bolivia and in Acre who today live on the Bolivian and Brazilian side might be the descendants of the people who traditionally built enormous circles and squares in the ground if they were once the practitioners of this common tradition there is no evidence that the two tribes were actually in this area at the time when the geoglyphs were made nor is it known what territorial boundary separated them may have constructed geoglyphs comes from a text from the late nineteenth century The writing concerns a meeting on the border with Bolivia between a Brazilian colonel and 200 Indians who lived in a very well-organized village and worshipped geometric gods © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved. With complimentary TVs, takeaways and alcohol, prisons in the UK have long been accused of being too cushy - but the same certainly cannot be said of their Brazilian equivalents. Photographs from the Instituto Penal Placido de Sa Carvalho, in Rio de Janeiro, show inmates crammed like sardines into dank cells, which are prone to infestations of poisonous centipedes and scorpions, as well as hoards of rats that terrorise the prisoners.  Many are forced to sleep on the floor or tattered mattresses - and a single plastic sheet is the only thing protecting them from rainwater.  A makeshift clothes line is used to hang the prisoners' tatty garments in another squalid room. Unsurprisingly, violence and death is commonplace in the facilities, with many having to rely on protection from criminal gangs in order to survive.  Brazil's most notorious group,The First Command, is exploiting the overcrowded and filthy conditions to expand its reach across the national prison system, an incursion at the center of massacres that have left nearly 100 inmates dead in the new year. Some prisoners were beheaded or had their hearts and intestines ripped out in two recent prison massacres in northern Brazil.  One of these was launched by inmate members of the First Command and the other directed against them by a rival gang trying to stop the expansion. Legal and security experts say the government's failure to improve conditions has only strengthened the First Command, based in the southern city of Sao Paulo and known by the Portuguese acronym PCC. The chairman of Brazil's bar association, Claudio Lamachia, said: 'The state has lost control over prisons. 'Death is often the only alternative for an inmate who doesn't want to cooperate with gangs like PCC.'  A slow legal system means a large percentage of prisoners wait years for their cases to be heard.  Meanwhile, First Command recruits new members, orders hits on rivals and runs drug-trafficking operations both inside and outside prisons even though many of its leaders are in maximum security penitentiaries in Sao Paulo state. The recent string of violence began on New Years Day, when 56 inmates were killed in the northern state of Amazonas.  Authorities said that the gang targeted PCC members in a clash over control of drug-trafficking routes in northern states. It's not yet known how many died from each gang, but many of those killed were beheaded and dismembered. Five days later, in the neighboring state of Roraima, 33 prisoners were killed, many with their hearts and intestines ripped out.  Uziel Castro, Roraima state's security secretary, said First Command members instigated the bloodshed against other prisoners. 'There was no confrontation; this was a killing spree. It was barbaric,' said Castro, adding that the Agricultural Penitentiary of Monte Cristo was built for 700 prisoners but housed more than double this. Between January 2 and 9, another 10 inmates were killed in smaller prison clashes in Amazonas and the northeastern state of Paraiba. On Monday, the federal government sent 200 soldiers to prisons in Amazonas and Roraima states, and several other states have requested similar help. President Michel Temer, who was criticized for a slow response and calling the first massacre 'a terrible accident,' has since announced plans to build five new prisons. But Temer has not provided details, and it could take years to build new facilities. 'The penitentiary system has been in crisis a long time and gotten worse in the last 10 years,' Justice Minister Alexandre de Moraes said recently, noting there has been a lack of investment amid a ballooning prisoner population. Brazil had 233,000 prisoners in 2000, compared to 622,000 in 2014, according to Ministry of Justice data. First Command was founded after a 1992 riot-turned-massacre when heavily military police stormed a prison, killing at least 111.  Since then, the gang's rise has paralleled the deteriorating prison system.    Contributing to overcrowding is a justice system that often essentially locks people up and throws away the key even before a trial is held. Law professor Ivar Hartmann says a study he conducted found that 40 percent of inmates have not been convicted, waiting sometimes years for even non-violent crimes to be processed. And while they bide their time, they must figure out how to survive. 'The newbies feed the gangs like PCC in exchange for protection,' said Hartmann.  'That's one of the reasons why Brazil has a failed system.'  Security has been beefed up at a Brazilian jail where 126 inmates escaped.  A bus carrying police officers from the National Force was seen  heading into to Anisio Jobim Penitentiary Complex in Manaus, Amazonia state, on January 14, 2017. 114 of the escapees remain on the run, and the new staff members are there to ensure there are no repeat breakouts. The Brazilian government has deployed emergency personnel to a number of other prisons after a series of massacres.  Major terror attack 'was just HOURS away' before it was foiled by the special forces and police:... Victim of acid attack 'plotted by his ex-partner who teamed up with a gang' dies in hospital six... We are trapped in unsellable newbuild homes after a £52m dual carriageway was built on our... 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Hamas hostage, 23, 'raped by personal trainer influencer in her own home after being released' King, Queen, William and Kate honour selfless devotion of Britain's wartime heroes as they lead... Husband of British mother, 65, who was knifed to death in French village says her affair is a... Horrific images show conditions in Brazil’s hell-hole jailsCommenting on this article has endedNewest{{#isModerationStatus}}{{moderationStatus}} This freeware add-on offers a carefully enhanced representation of Rio Branco International Airport (SBRB) in Brazil Developer Gustavo Luna has constructed detailed taxiway signage and optimized visual elements that allow sim pilots to experience the unique atmosphere of this southwestern Brazilian hub Although officially known as Plácido de Castro International Airport it simply serves as Rio Branco’s main gateway and can accommodate various aircraft types while retaining realistic proportions Rio Branco International sits within the state of Acre providing an essential connection for both domestic and regional travelers This release caters to virtual aviators who value consistent markings Its updated environment showcases functional aprons the carefully placed taxiway signs and well-aligned gate positions ensure that taxiing procedures unfold smoothly from ramp to runway This positioning method also makes it effortless to remove in case you need to revert or switch to another configuration A heartfelt acknowledgment is given in memory of Amaro Cavalcanti Luna in recognition of his support and inspiration Installing this scenery enhancement carries no adverse impact on simulator frame rates or general performance Proceed with the installation at your own discretion as is customary with any freeware modification provided that you leave the contents intact and fully unchanged it stands as a noncommercial release for community enjoyment View important Copyright © information related to freeware files here The archive sbrb_fsx.zip has 39 files and directories contained within it This list displays the first 500 files in the package Signing-up for PRO gives you super fast, unrestricted speed to the thousands of MSFS, FSX, P3D & X-Plane downloads which include aircraft, scenery, and more - click here to view the library for free or.. Sign-Up Now PRO membership payments go directly back into the website to pay for hosting It's what also enables us to offer a free download tier Join over 145,000 subscribers of our free dedicated flight simulation newsletter Are you using the latest Microsoft Flight Simulator 2024 release Infraero delivers the renovation and expansion works of Rio Branco/Plácido de Castro Airport (AC) The ceremony takes place at 11 am at the Acre terminal and will be attended by ministers Wellington Moreira Franco (General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic) the Acre terminal now has an area almost three times larger increasing capacity from 1,3 million to 2,4 million passengers per year and the domestic arrivals area increased from 352,60 m² to 825,08 m² The airport also gained new international departure and arrival halls Four stores were also made available for car rental companies and rooms for some public bodies Federal Police and Court of Justice (Juvenile Court) the airport's commercial mix was expanded and now has three stores and two kiosks on the ground floor and eight points available for food activity and a restaurant on the 1st floor The external and internal areas of the airport Pillars that imitate trees were included in the external areas the wavy wooden ceiling was inspired by the waters of local rivers and the internal walls now have artistic elements in high relief appliqué points out that with the conclusion of the works passengers will have more comfort and convenience passengers will be able to count on a centralized and efficient air conditioning system wider spaces in the lobby and in the departure and arrival halls Located 18 km from the center of the capital of Acre maintaining operations of regular airlines Passengers using the terminal have daily flights to the cities of Brasília (DF) The routes are operated by airlines Gol Linhas Aéreas and Latam Linhas Aéreas Another major investment made by Infraero at the Rio Branco International Airport was the structuring reform of the runway with replacement of the pavement base and application of a new asphalt pavement increasing support and improving the level of aircraft taxiing The drainage system was also replaced and a new night marking was built carried out between October 2014 and June 2016 “The runway at Rio Branco Airport has become one of the best on the Infraero Network even more so if you consider the logistical difficulties in the region” says the Director of Operations and Technical Services Infraero improved the quality of service to aircraft arriving and departing from Rio Branco since the operations have a runway system that has improved drainage which will extend the useful life of the pavement Author aeroflap Categories: Airports, News Tags: Acre, Infrared, Rio Branco