…major architecture project was the SESC Pompéia (built in stages a leisure and cultural centre in São Paulo sponsored by the nonprofit Social Service of Commerce (Serviço Social do Comércio) Bo Bardi converted an old steel drum factory into a facility for sports political leaders and social movement leaders from all over the world will attend the event This week, from April 7 to 10, the city of São Paulo will host one of the most significant meetings on the progressive spectrum: the conference Dilemmas of Humanity: Perspectives for Social Transformation to discuss ways out of the current crisis of capitalism political leaders and social movement leaders from all over the world will be at the event which will take place at Pontifical Catholic University in São Paulo and Sesc Pompeia The event will be open to the general public The conference is organized by the Landless Rural Workers’ Movement (MST, in Portuguese), the Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research and the International Peoples’ Assembly (IPA) the meeting aims to discuss and propose concrete economic and social solutions to the various crises caused by capitalism and neoliberalism worldwide social inequalities and the environmental crisis The event returns to Brazil this year after an edition held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in October 2023 which reaffirmed the demand for a popular and alternative project of society built by peoples who have been fighting to overcome capitalism and imperialism The first two editions took place in Rio de Janeiro in 2004 and at the Florestan Fernandes National School (ENFF The conference in Guararema gave rise to the International Peoples’ Assembly and other instruments for internationalist political articulation director of the Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research the debates will take place at Sesc Pompeia The participants include some of the leading names in the economic debate and political figures such as economist Josefina Morales from Mexico Russian Yaroslav Lissovolik (Russia’s advisor to the IMF and founder of BRICS+ Analytics) Marcio Pochmann (Director of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics João Pedro Stedile (founding member of the MST) (former vice-president of the New Development Bank Pedro Rossi (vice-president of the Global Fund for a New Economy) Brazil’s Minister of Management and Innovation Esther Dweck At the auditorium 239 of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP) Água Branca – in the city of São Paulo All original content produced and editorially authored by Brasil de Fato may be reproduced provided it is not altered and proper credit is given All original content produced and editorially authored by Brasil de Fato may be reproduced When Lina Bo Bardi visited the old metal barrel factory in the working class district of Pompéia with plans to build a sports and culture center the space had already been occupied spontaneously by neighbors who spent the weekends amidst the warehouses of the industrial complex was to maintain and promote this vital activity without demolishing the existing structures designed by the French François Hennebique one of the pioneers in the use of reinforced concrete Lina Bo Bardi’s determination to preserve the old factory reduced the space available for sports facilities to a small corner of the plot that had a central corridor on which building was not permitted because there was groundwater Two concrete towers house the stacked sports spaces and the dressing rooms eight prestressed concrete footbridges span distances of up to twenty-five meters over the non-buildable areas a third cylindrical tower rising seventy meters high functions as a landmark that can be seen from afar inviting citizens to become part of this ‘little joy in a sad city.’ there arent any match using your search terms The passage to the Theater Hall at SESC Pompeia It is important to be reminded that other ways are possible The 20th Contemporary Art Festival Sesc_Videobrasil was one such occasion for me where contemporary art—without sacrificing any of its varied forms or interests—appeared capable of having a more sympathetic relationship to the world than we’ve lately become accustomed to when art is presented in its ultra-mercantilist forms inside convention centers or when it is packaged in layers of abstruse arguments in chilled Most of the people who will see the 20th Contemporary Art Festival Sesc_Videobrasil festival will be those São Paulo residents who have come to the dental clinic or printmaking and weaving workshops located within the former factory complex extravagantly refurbished by Lina Bo Bardi in the early 1980s Just to walk through the library area and see elderly people reading the newspaper at tables kids running around in the children’s area—knowing that there were also contemporary artworks in all directions took nearly all my time in São Paulo to adjust to Exterior of Lina Bo Bardi-designed Sesc Pompeia Interior of the primary exhibition area of Sesc Pompeia The other notable misconception I had about the festival before arriving was that all the works would be videos or moving images of some kind This was far from the case (and has been since the 17th edition in 2011) The first artworks I encountered were Mariana Portela Echeverri’s blue-painted room-sized installation of cut-out sculptures shaped like tongues and miniature copies of hands and then Alia Farid’s tapestries (produced with Jesus “Bubu” Negrón) which were woven in Iran and depict mosques in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic which is perhaps why they didn’t feel out of place beside a highly stylized video work by Natatsha Mendonca about the lynching of a transsexual woman in Jamaica or Emo de Medeiros’s video installation about the masks and dances of the Benin festival of Kaleta—founded by slaves returning from Brazil to Africa.  ALIA FARID’s textile works from the series "Mezquitas de Puerto Rico" (2014) Diego Matos; Videobrasil director Solange O Farkas; and Sesc Visual Arts and Technology manager Juliana Braga de Mattos Let me rewind slightly to say that while Solange O she was joined this year by curators Ana Pato who collectively sifted through submissions by more than 2,000 artists received during an open call guided by six “conceptual axes”: cosmovisions between 13 and 20 of the artists are associated with each axis—with most associated with two of them Farkas explained that the impetus of the festival 20 years ago had been to support artists from the geopolitical south—every edition is called “Panoramas do Sul” (“Southern Panoramas”)—to help them find their place in the world providing opportunities where they lived so that they wouldn’t have to move to the United States or Europe to survive both commented that the curators’ schema for the selection of works had to do with creating an optimistic perspective with artists who are looking for solutions to the conflicts of the south There’s openness within 20th Contemporary Art Festival Sesc_Videobrasil Its exhibition made me think about how standardized biennials have become—as curatorially driven shows where there’s generally a prescribed narrative or logic running through the exhibition spaces and artworks too frequently feel like illustrations of an argument or repetitive variations on a theme the works were related in the shared concerns of the broad “conceptual axes,” but they don’t relate in the strictly “curated” sense of a thematic The environment also contributed to the atmosphere of a festival People were constantly moving through the spaces or sitting with friends after doing some sports—breaking the chilly formality of so many spaces intended only for looking at artworks Colorful backdrops for projects also likely helped as was the case for Monira al-Qadiri’s series of alien-looking iridescent sculptures based on the shapes of drill-bits with the shiny surface properties of pearls—the Arabian Gulf region’s chief industry before oil There was a riot of subject matter to grapple with, and many specific local histories that required attention—some more accessible to me than others. Within the exhibition space, for instance, Köken Ergun’s three-channel video installation Aşura (2012) depicts Caferi Shiite residents of Istanbul’s Zeynebiye neighborhood performing an annual ritual in which they restage the Battle of Karbala (680) in that Ergun had obviously earned the trust of this community which allowed him to capture scenes of men not only rehearsing for the battle reenactment but also when they are involved in a mass-crying ritual as their leader announces the names of those who have died in the fighting follows religious rituals of Peruvian-Amazonian communities where Christianity and indigenous religions mix But Pérez’s films were visually formal and interspersed with dramatic depictions of the landscape about what liberation leader Amilcar Cabral learned about guerilla warfare César’s video Transmission from the Liberated Zones (2015) features a young man whose personal journey out of a Portuguese orphanage seems to mirror stories told by four Swedes who in the 1970s had spent time in the “liberated zones” of the country as the guerrillas pushed back the Portuguese colonists during their 13-year insurgency there is an auditorium where five video programs were screening The first featured videos around the ideas of different futures as they were imagined in the past as in the case of Seydou Cissé’s partially animated film from 2012 about a boy who whips stones which then move on their own and reach the Markala Bridge in Mali who recounts his unforgettable memories of Khmer Rouge victims piled in a ditch during his time as a soldier in the Cambodian-Vietnamese war that lasted from 1977 to 1991 The second program featured Kavich Neang’s video Kong Bei (2015) which is about a motorcycle taxi driver and seamstress who were forced to marry by the Khmer Rouge They renew their vows before the husband embarks on a quest to find a dancer he had fallen in love with before that time Haig Aivazian’s Not Every Day is Spring (2016) obliquely traces the legacy of the Armenian musician Udi Hrant Kenkulian (1901–1978) through performances of musicians like oud soloist Sedat Oytun Between these performances are long shots of cracked marble and stone surfaces many around Istanbul’s former Pangaltı Armenian cemetery which was built over in the 1930s for the national radio station’s (TRT) headquarters with headstones being repurposed in the construction The third video program featured two works about the history of the Americas with Ana Vaz’s video of the area in the Dominican Republic where Christopher Columbus had first landed and Andrés Padilla Domene’s Ciudad Maya (2016) a fictionalized story of people excavating an archeological site in Mérida that turns out to be a replica of ancient Mayan structures The final video in that program was Jiwon Choi’s Parallel (2017) which looks at inter-Korean relations through the lens of K-Pop (“‘Idol’ogy is the new ideology,” goes the video’s repeated slogan) with the artist—very convincingly—playing all of the performers in a girl band Like many of the works of the 20th Contemporary Art Festival Sesc_Videobrasil “Southern Panoramas,” there was music and serious politics at work—an attempt to come to terms with reality as we know it but often don’t see it HG Masters is editor at large of ArtAsiaPacific Sesc_Videobrasil was on view at Sesc Pompeia How can we critically reassess the process of heritage-making and how do we invent new ways to preserve marginalized pasts A showcase of the artist’s distinctive storytelling methods The curated sequel to a show about an imaginary romance Examining informal networks of resistance in times of war info@aapmag.com The Curia of Pompey was one of the great meeting rooms where the senators of ancient Rome discussed weighty political affairs in private meetings UNIVERSITY OF CÓRDOBA—The Curia of Pompey was one of the great meeting rooms of profound historical importance during the Roman Republic Located on the eastern flank of the ancient Portico of Pompey within its walls the senators of ancient Rome discussed weighty political affairs in private meetings What is now a visible site for pedestrians who circulate through the Roman square of Largo Argentina was actually constructed in several phases ranging from the time of Pompey himself to the medieval era what has been corroborated by a study carried out by an Italian/Spanish research team on which the University of Córdoba participated This fact had already been ascertained by stratigraphic studies carried out by the Spanish team that worked on the site between 2013 and 2017 Now these conclusions have been ratified from the point of view of archaeometry a different scientific discipline used in Archeology that applies physical and chemical analysis techniques to archaeological materials the work analyzed samples of mortar from the monument; that is the conglomerate that was used to prepare the different construction elements The results made it possible to establish an indirect dating method confirming that Pompey’s Curia did feature several different construction phases The samples analyzed indicate that the monument also had a second phase of construction a last stage of construction during the early medieval period has also been documented Tell me where you are from and I’ll tell you when The dating of these stages was established indirectly thanks to knowledge of the origins of the materials with which the monument was built Analysis of the compositions of the samples analyzed allowed the authors Monterroso-Checa to ascertain the quarries from which they were extracted The compositions and dates of removal from the quarries revealed that there were different chronological phases in the use of these construction materials All of this is evident because there is a clear distinction between the composition of the samples attributable to the first construction phase and those of the Augustan and medieval ones while in the initial stage of the monument’s construction a material known as pink pozzolana extracted from volcanic deposits in the interior of Rome in the samples linked to the second phase of construction volcanic glass is found which is characteristic of a different kind of pink pozzolanathat was extracted from areas further away from the city’s monumental center published in the University of Oxford’s prestigious journal Archaeometry the different construction phases of the building where Julius Caesar one of history’s most important politicians and soldiers The site of the Curia of Pompey. Sotamies, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, Wikimedia Commons Article Source: UNIVERSITY OF CÓRDOBA news release The study benefitted from collaboration with the Sovrintendenza Capitolina the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology of Italy It was financed by two projects: HAR 2011 25705 and HAR2013 41818P under the Spanish Science & Innovation Ministry’s National R&D Plan *Petrographical and geochemical criteria for a chronology of Roman mortars between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD: the Curia of Pompey the Great, Archaeometry, 8-Dec-2021. 10.1111/arcm.12740  Subscribe to Popular Archaeology Premium Still the industry's best value at only $9.00 annually Subscribe to Popular Archaeology Premium Still the industry’s best value at only $9.00 annually This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page The World Heritage Centre is at the forefront of the international community’s efforts to protect and preserve World Heritage partnerships for conservation Ensuring that World Heritage sites sustain their outstanding universal value is an increasingly challenging mission in today’s complex world where sites are vulnerable to the effects of uncontrolled urban development Our Partners Donate Take advantage of the search to browse through the World Heritage Centre information it engulfed the two flourishing Roman towns of Pompei and Herculaneum as well as the many wealthy villas in the area These have been progressively excavated and made accessible to the public since the mid-18th century The vast expanse of the commercial town of Pompei contrasts with the smaller but better-preserved remains of the holiday resort of Herculaneum while the superb wall paintings of the Villa Oplontis at Torre Annunziata give a vivid impression of the opulent lifestyle enjoyed by the wealthier citizens of the Early Roman Empire a enseveli les deux villes romaines florissantes de Pompéi et d’Herculanum ainsi que nombre de riches maisons de la région elles sont progressivement mises au jour et rendues accessibles au public La vaste étendue de la ville commerciale de Pompéi contraste avec les vestiges plus restreints mais mieux préservés de la cité résidentielle de détente d’Herculanum tandis que les superbes peintures murales de la villa Oplontis de Torre Annunziata donnent un témoignage très vivant du mode de vie opulent des citoyens les plus riches des débuts de l’Empire romain أدّى انفجار بركان فيزوفو في 24 آب/أغسطس من العام 79 إلى طمر مدينتي بومبي وهركولانيوم الرومانيتين المزدهرتين وكذلك عدد من المنازل الغنية في المنطقة ومنذ منتصف القرن الثامن عشر، كُشفت تلك الآثار تدريجًا وأصبح الوصول إليها ممكنًا كما أن المساحة الواسعة من مدينة بومبي التجارية تشكل تناقضًا مع الآثار الأقل عددًا ولكن المحفوظة أكثر للمدينة السكنية هركولانيوم، بينما تعطي الرسوم الجدارية الرائعة لفِلاّ أُبلونتيس في تورّي أنّونزياتا شهادة حيّة جدًا على نمط الحياة المترف للمواطنين الأكثر غنى في بدايات الامبراطورية الرومانية 公元79年8月24日维苏威火山的爆发，吞没了两个繁盛的罗马城市：庞培和赫库兰尼姆以及那个地区的许多富家别墅。从18世纪中叶始，被掩埋的一切都逐渐挖掘出来并向公众公开开放。庞培商业城的广阔，与规模不大却保存完好的赫库兰尼姆假日胜地相得益彰，而托雷安农齐亚塔的奥普隆蒂斯别墅的壮丽壁画，呈现给我们一幅早期罗马帝国富裕的市民生活方式的生动画面。 два процветающих древнеримских города Помпеи и Геркуланум вместе со многими богатыми виллами в окрестностях Они были постепенно раскопаны и стали доступны для обозрения с середины XVIII в Большие размеры торгового города Помпеи контрастируют с меньшими но лучше сохранившимися руинами курорта Геркуланум в то время как превосходные настенные росписи виллы Оплонтис в Торре-Аннунциата дают яркое представление о богатом образе жизни которым наслаждались состоятельные граждане ранней Римской империи La erupción del Vesubio ocurrida el 24 de agosto del año 79 sepultó las dos florecientes ciudades romanas de Pompeya y Herculano así como numerosas mansiones de las comarcas circundantes Desde mediados del siglo XVIII se empezaron a desenterrar sus ruinas paulatinamente y se hicieron accesibles al público La vasta extensión ocupada por los restos de ciudad mercantil de Pompeya contrasta con el espacio más reducido de los vestigios Las soberbias pinturas murales de la Villa Oplontis son un vívido testimonio de la vida opulenta de los ciudadanos romanos más pudientes en los primeros años de la Roma imperial The World Heritage property includes three different archaeological areas: the ancient towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum together with the Villa of the Mysteries (to the west of Pompeii) and the Villa of the Papyri (to the west of Herculaneum) and the Villa A (Villa of Poppaea) and Villa B (Villa of Lucius Crassius Tertius) in Torre Annunziata The vast expanse of the commercial town of Pompeii contrasts with the smaller but better-preserved remains of the smaller Herculaneum while Villa A in Torre Annunziata gives a vivid impression of the opulent lifestyle enjoyed by the wealthier citizens of the early Roman Empire it engulfed the two flourishing Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum as well as the many wealthy countryside villas in the area Pompeii was buried largely by a thick layer of volcanic ash and lapilli and Herculaneum disappeared under pyroclastic surges and flows These sites have been progressively excavated and made accessible to the public since the mid-18th century in the case of Herculaneum large areas of the ancient town still lie under the modern town and have only been explored and surveyed by the network of 18th-century tunnels that drew the attention of Grand Tour visitors the basis still today for visiting the Herculaneum's underground ancient theatre These areas are mostly not currently included in the World Heritage property with its well-preserved buildings in an excavated area of 44 ha is the only archaeological site in the world that provides a complete picture of an ancient Roman city The main forum is flanked by a number of imposing public buildings the Basilica and temples and within the city there are also many public bath complexes In Herculaneum several impressive public buildings are well preserved including a spacious palaestra accessed through a monumental gateway one of which (Central Thermae) is monumental and vividly decorated The town is also noteworthy for the completeness of its shops still containing equipment such as enormous wine jars Herculaneum’s urban districts and seafront display a higher level of preservation with noteworthy conservation of upper floors thanks to the pyroclastic material that buried the town Organic matter was often carbonized by the high temperatures and exceptionally preserved finds include everyday objects such as foodstuffs architectural elements and wooden furniture Both Pompeii and Herculaneum are renowned for their remarkable series of residential and commercial buildings entirely inward-looking with a courtyard at its centre: the House of the Surgeon at Pompeii is a good example this type of house was enlarged and decorated with columns and arcades and equipped with large representative rooms of which the House of the Faun and the House of the Chaste Lovers are outstanding examples The suburban villas across the Vesuvian area are perhaps even more exceptional in terms of the scale of their buildings and grounds The Villa of the Mysteries is an enormous residence just outside Pompeii’s city walls developed from a modest house built in the 3rd century BC named from the remarkable wall paintings in the triclinium which depict the initiation rites ('mysteries') of the cult of Dionysus The two villas in Torre Annunziata are both extraordinary examples of suburban buildings in the countryside of Pompeii is a huge maritime residence built in the middle of the 1st century BCE enlarged during the Imperial period and under restoration at the moment of the eruption It is especially well known for its magnificent and well-preserved wall paintings one of the most important examples of Roman painting with their superb illusionistic frescos of doors villa B is an excellent example of villa rustica provided with rooms and spaces designated for market activities such as storage of amphoras and trading of locally produced foodstuffs There were many changes to these buildings over time in response to changing circumstances of the owners; these include repairs and adjustments that were a response to the seismic events that led up to the AD 79 eruption and reflect a community living with changing environmental and economic conditions A special feature of Pompeii is the wealth of graffiti on its walls An election was imminent at the time of the eruption and there are many political slogans scrawled on walls as well as others of a more personal nature the volcanic deposits preserved hundreds of wax tablets and more than 1,800 papyri scrolls containing Greek philosophical texts were found at the Villa of the Papyri The diverse range of literary sources available in Pompeii and Herculaneum provides a picture of the final decades of these ancient cities and the image of socially complex and dynamic communities representing exceptional evidence of typical ways of life in Roman society in the first century AD and the importance of texts in political and private life Other important sources of archaeological evidence are the human remains of those who died in the eruption Pompeii witnessed an early archaeological experiment when plaster was poured into voids found in the volcanic material and which allowed casts to be made of the forms of the human and animal victims and other organic material about 300 skeletons were discovered along the ancient shoreline The study of these significant samples of victims from the towns provides insight into their health lifestyles and death and a chance to compare the two data sets The casts themselves are important resources as they contain both skeletal remains and evidence of 19th- and 20th-century archaeological practice Another important legacy of the twentieth century was the presentation of Herculaneum to the public as an ‘open-air museum’ with buildings reconstructed based on archaeological evidence and displays of original objects within the archaeological site This concept of ‘open-air museum’ had already been adopted in some buildings in Pompeii as a medium to communicate the meaning of ancient spaces The impressive remains of the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum and their associated villas destroyed and yet preserved by Mount Vesuvius provide a complete and vivid picture of society and daily life at a specific moment in the past that is unparalleled elsewhere The rediscovery and history of these places as archaeological sites has captured the collective imagination century after century conservation and interpretation practices in Europe and beyond Criterion (iii): Pompeii and Herculaneum are the only Roman cities ruins preserved in such an exceptional way and have no parallels in integrity and extent in the world The villas in Torre Annunziata have the best preserved wall paintings of the Roman period Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata provide a full picture of Roman life from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD through the urban decorative and daily life aspects that have been preserved The villa A in Torre Annunziata is the most significant example of suburban villa of the Roman period Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata are outstanding examples of urban and suburban Roman settlements They also provide a vivid and comprehensive picture of Roman life at one precise moment: the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD The inscribed property has an area of 98 ha the archaeological remains are unparalleled anywhere in the world for their completeness and extent The three parts of the property are of adequate size to contain the attributes to express its Outstanding Universal Value except at Herculaneum where integrity would be improved by inclusion within the property of the theatre and the largest part of the ancient town with its most significant public monuments still lying beneath the modern Ercolano and known only through 18th century tunnels The individual components and ancient urban fabric are in overall good condition and the town plan structures and setting with regard to the Vesuvius are still sufficiently intact Some structures continue to be at risk of collapse or loss of decorative detail given the scale of active decay in archaeological sites of this size and nature where original urban infrastructure (drainage roofing etc.) can only be partially reinstated A property with such extensive ruins exposed will always require continuous and continuing maintenance restoration and maintenance works have been implemented on the remarkable remains of these sites with varying intensity The sites show the evolution of archaeological practices conservation techniques and approaches to presentation over the past two centuries The level of reconstruction and the use of materials such as concrete and steel utilized in restorations before the 1980s More enduring techniques and materials have been progressively introduced It may be argued that these early restorations have a historical significance of their own which should be safeguarded when they contribute to the overall coherence at an urban scale as in the case of Amedeo Maiuri’s open-air museum at Herculaneum at its peak in the 1950s A general shift in conservation approaches in the 21st century is favouring authenticity; instead of concentrating on single buildings conservation campaigns are focusing on entire districts of the ancient towns and so achieving a more coordinated and homogenous result Despite the nature and quality of earlier restoration and reconstruction works the authenticity of the individual components and the ancient urban and suburban fabric as a whole is very high The property was protected by the provisions of past Law No 1089/1939 and since 2004 is under the Legislative Decree No 42/2004 (“Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code”) The perimeter of the Pompeii site is protected by the Decree of June 10th 1929 Environmental legislation in the form of the Legislative Decree No 42/2004 extended this protection to a wider area All buildings and excavation works within the modern towns around the sites must be approved by the relevant heritage authorities where most of the ancient city lies under the modern town additional protection is offered by development restrictions of the high-risk zone of Mount Vesuvius and wider Regional territorial plans The Vesuvius National Park also provides additional layers of protection of the broader setting while the MAB Biosphere designation provides a framework to promote further coordination The 3 component parts are owned by the State and together with the immediate surrounding areas are managed by the Archaeological Park of Pompeii (also overseeing the villas in Torre Annunziata) and the Archaeological Park of Herculaneum two autonomous institutions established recently as part of a broader ministerial reform which attempts to bring decision making closer to the sites themselves These local heritage authorities include technical/scientific (archaeologists Annual visitor numbers at the sites exceeds two and a half million (half of these are estimated to be foreign visitors) has shaped conservation and site management and enhancement at Herculaneum since 2001 approximately a 5-year project begun in 2012 with the European Union has stabilized and conserved buildings in the areas of highest risk at Pompeii Cassia: Everything that you are not. 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Volume 9 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01059 This article is part of the Research TopicEtiology, Pathogenesis, and Consequences of Maladaptive HabitsView all 11 articles Five different facets or domains of impulsivity (lack of Perseverance Positive and Negative Urgency) have been detected in undergraduate students by means of a short 20-item version of the Impulsive Behavior Scale UPPS-P The present cross-sectional study examined the psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of this short scale (SUPPS-P) in a non-clinical sample of 510 individuals with a larger age range (10–72 years) and from varying socioeconomic strata (SES) We also investigated: (a) differential item functioning according to age sex and socioeconomic status; (b) whether these demographic factors affected participants’ responses (population heterogeneity); and (c) if using scores directly derived from respondents’ answers (raw scores) reflected the 5 distinguishable impulsiveness domains out of the structural equation modeling environment (bifactor model) We showed that the short UPPS-P version replicated factor structures internal consistency across domains and inter-scale correlations found in prior studies and confirmed the psychometric separability of the 5 impulsiveness domains Only three out of the 20 items showed differential item functioning Higher Positive and Negative Urgency and lack of Premeditation were reported by men and impulsiveness decreases with age in all domains except lack of Premeditation The viability of using raw scores to assess the five domains was not confirmed via bifactor modeling The use of a general composite score was psychometrically acceptable in the structural equation modeling environment the SUPPS-P is a reliable instrument to assess multiple impulsivity domains in non-clinical community samples in different cultural settings viability was only found for a general factor of impulsivity Compared to the full UPPS-P, the SUPPS-P of Cyders et al. (2014) was completed much faster and maintained comparable factor structure, internal consistency and subscale inter-correlations, with only a minimal loss of shared variance (Cyders et al., 2014) Such a short scale that allows the identification of separable impulsivity traits is of great interest for research and clinical purposes worldwide although this may preserve the reliability of the reduced scale by eliminating items with more error variance it can increase redundancy and in this way may reduce content validity Hence, in order to determine the extent to which Cyders et al.’s (2014) SUPPS-P is useful in populations that are not highly educated young adults from fully developed nations the present study investigated whether a translated version of the SUPPS-P into Portuguese would have adequate psychometric properties in a Brazilian non-clinical community sample sex and socioeconomic status on the way participants responded to the scale items (invariance testing) and on the latent traces in the 5 domains of impulsivity we assessed the practical utility of raw scores (directly derived from participants’ responses and not latent variables) to indicate the separability of the 5 domains of the UPPS-P we studied if it is reliable and viable to use such scores out of the structural equation modeling environment (bifactor modeling) This study involved a Portuguese-speaking non-clinical community sample that either responded to a translated version of the SUPPS-P available online or provided responses in person (young population over the age of 9 years This cross-sectional study was conducted according to international ethical guidelines and the Brazilian National Heath Council ethical resolution (Resolução 466/12) It was approved by the Ethic Committee of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) (#1.976.055; #2.001.042) A demographic questionnaire and the SUPPS-P (see below) were made available online in the platform Google Forms for 5 months Recruitment of respondents was made through social media the same questionnaires were printed out and handed to minors in a waiting room at an adolescent clinic at UNIFESP during the same period Data other than cited below were also collected and results pertaining to them will be reported elsewhere We enquired about participants’ age and schooling of their male and female parents (or corresponding guardians with these roles) in seven strata (ordinal variable) according to the Brazilian educational system: 1 (incomplete basic schooling which lasts 8 or 9 years depending on participants’ age); 2 (complete basic schooling); 3 (incomplete high school which lasts 3 years); 4 (complete high school); 5 (incomplete tertiary education which usually lasts 4 years); 6 (complete tertiary education); or 7 (any sort of post-graduate training) The items from the SUPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2014) in Portuguese pertaining to all impulsiveness domains except Positive Urgency were obtained from the research team that adapted the UPPS for use in Brazil, which was shown to display adequate psychometric properties (Nogueira et al., 2013; Sediyama et al., 2017) These researchers also provided translations of the Positive Urgency items Respondents are asked to report the extent to which they agree with each statement on four-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (agree strongly) to 4 (disagree strongly) higher scores in the domains Perseverance and Premeditation indicated higher impulsivity The analysis was undertaken in various steps, using Mplus 8.0 (Muthén and Muthén, 1998–2017) For Lucke’s omega (ω), Coefficient omega hierarchical (ωh), and Coefficient omega subscale (ωs), scores higher than 0.8 indicate a strong relationship between the latent variable and item scores. An ECV higher than 0.70 indicates that the instruments should be treated as essentially unidimensional, as a single common factor (Rodriguez et al., 2016a,b) The sample was composed of 528 participants There were incomplete SUPPS-P data from 9 under-aged and 9 adult volunteers so their data were excluded from the analyses The sample used in the models was thus of 510 individuals (27% of whom were male) aged 10–72 years (mean age = 25.4 There were 160 participants under the age of 18 Schooling of parents (the measure of socioeconomic status) ranged from strata 1 to 7 SD ± 2.0) that corresponds to having completed high school The sample was varied in this respect as there was a minimum of 23 cases in each of the 7 mother or father schooling stratifications Ten participants reported not having had a person who acted as a mother and 39 the second order factor model with 2 s order factors (emotion-based rash action and deficits in conscientiousness and Sensation Seeking as a first order factor) [χ2(163) = 527.974 RMSEA = 0.066 (90%CI = 0.060–0.072) Low inter-correlations between the majority of the domains were found in Models 2 The two pairs of domains with the highest correlations formed the 2 s order factors in model 3 did not worsen the fit indices (ΔCFI = 0.942 minus 0.940 = 0.002) the reliability of the five factors (ρ) were: ρ of Negative Urgency = 0.820; ρ of Perseverance = 0.794; ρ of Premeditation = 0.825; ρ of Sensation Seeking = 0.824; ρ of Positive Urgency = 0.866 ρ were not assessed for Model 3 as they are not appropriate for hierarchical models FIGURE 1. Model 1, including all 20 items of the Short Impulsive Behavior Scale SUPPS-P loading onto a single “impulsivity” factor. N.B. Individual items (i1–i20) from Cyders et al. (2014) are identified in boxes The first 8 items correspond to the domains Perseverance and Premeditation (4 items each in order) for which lower scores indicated higher impulsivity The following items refer to Sensation Seeking Positive Urgency and Negative Urgency (Neg) for which higher scores indicate more impulsiveness Values on single headed arrows indicate factor loadings Five-factor model (Model 2) of the Short Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P) in which groups of four items (i) load onto their specific domains individual items (i1–i20) are identified in boxes and impulsive domains Higher scores in the domains Perseverance (pers) and Premeditation (prem) indicate lower impulsivity while higher scores indicate more impulsiveness in Sensation Seeking (sens) Values on double headed arrows indicate correlations among domains (those with r > 0.09 had p < 0.05); values on single headed arrows indicate factor loadings FIGURE 3. Model 3 on data from the Short Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P), with a second-order hierarchical structure with two higher order latent variables (see Cyders and Smith, 2007): (1) Emotion-based Rash Action (formed by Negative and Positive Urgency first order factors; rash_act); (2) Deficits in Conscientiousness (formed by lack of Perseverance and of Premeditation first order factors; def_consc) Sensation seeking (Sens) was kept as a first order factor Lower scores in the domains Perseverance (pers) and Premeditation (prem) indicate higher impulsivity while higher scores indicate more impulsiveness in Sensation Seeking (Sens) Positive Urgency (posurg) and Negative Urgency (negurg) Values on double headed arrows indicate correlations among domains; values on single headed long arrows indicate factor loadings again we focused on Model 2 (see more details about this in the Discussion section) We identified only three items with DIF related to sex Males had a higher probability of disagreeing with the statement “Unfinished tasks really bother me” (Premeditation) and agreeing with “I would like to learn to fly an airplane” (Sensation Seeking) and “Others are shocked or worried about the things I do when I am feeling very excited” (Positive Urgency) than females the latter item also exhibited a DIF in terms of age (i.e. the higher the probability of disagreeing with this statement) No items with DIF were associated to parental schooling (measure of socioeconomic status) we found an effect of sex on Premeditation (beta = -0.134; p = 0.01) Positive (beta = 0.115; p = 0.02) and Negative (beta = 0.123; p = 0.02) Urgency indicating that males were more impulsive on these domains Older ages were associated with lower impulsiveness in all domains except Premeditation [Perseverance (beta = -0.185 p < 0.001); Sensation Seeking (beta = 0.178 p < 0.001); Positive Urgency (beta = 0.178 p < 0.001); and Negative Urgency (beta = 0.201 Parental schooling had no effects (p-values > 0.17) the less restrictive model (the bifactor solution) returned the following fit indices: [χ2(150) = we computed a model-based reliability estimate for each of the SUPPS-P subscales using Lucke’s omega applying it to one domain at a time: ω of Negative Urgency = 0.828; ω of Perseverance = 0.797; ω of Premeditation = 0.824; ω of Sensation Seeking = 0.829; ω of Positive Urgency = 0.875 they were considerably lowered when the effects of the general impulsivity factor was removed in Model 4 with the exception of the domain Sensation Seeking [this evaluation was conducted via Coefficient omega subscale [ωs]: ω(s)Perseverance = 0.659 Other indices derived from the bifactor model were: EVC = 0.404 Lucke’s ω for the whole scale = 0.917 we found that 67.3% the variance in the unit-weighted total scores could be attributed to the differences between participants in the general impulsivity factor The square root of ωH (82.03%) indicated a very strong correlation between the general impulsivity factor and the observed raw scores Only 8.3% of variance was due to random error (i.e. Bifactor structural model (Model 4) on data of the Short Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P) which specifies that the covariance among a set of item responses can be accounted for by two main sources of information: (1) a single general factor of impulsivity that reflects the common variance among all scale items; (2) group factors (the five domains of impulsivity) that reflect additional common variance among clusters of items with similar content Individual items (i1–i20) are identified in boxes and impulsive domains Because this type of analyses has not been previously done in the SUPPS-P literature we have no data do compare our results with as most of our sample was composed of women The present study was not designed to investigate factors that could account for possible sex effect and there is little information on how culture affects the SUPPS-P we focused on showing whether this short scale was adequate for use in populations with varied demographic characteristics from non-developed cultures despite the good reliability of the 5 factor solution and the sensitivity of the different domains to age and sex under the bifactor model the viability and reliability of using raw scores (participants responses and not latent traces) on the 5 subscales were poor (with exception of the subscale Sensation Seeking) when ωH was compared with Lucke’s ω around two thirds of the reliable variance in raw scores could be attributed to a general impulsiveness factor determined by adding scores of all items which reflects individual differences in impulsivity considered only as a broad concept there was only 8.3% of variance due to random error which shows that the items adequately captured the intended construct when considering the general concept of impulsivity only around one third of the reliable variance in the raw scores could be associated to the dimensionality of the 5 specific domains This means that the raw scores obtained in the 5 domains of the SUPPS-P should not be used out of the structural equation modeling environment to indicate different aspects of impulsiveness making the scale useful to differentiate traits associated to impulsiveness in various cultures especially as socioeconomic status did not influence results the above mentioned issues regarding the separability of the 5 domains should be considered only in structural equation modeling environments and do not hold true when using raw scores directly derived from respondents’ answers in each domains This is so because only one third of the reliable variance in the bifactor model could be attributed to the dimensionality associated with the 5 impulsivity dimensions using measures obtained from all items considered jointly (such as adding the raw scores) reliably reflected a general factor of impulsiveness would also be of use to the international literature to inform on which short scale best reflects the full UPPS-P factor structure and RdF performed the experiment and collected data prepared visualization/data and manuscript presentation This work was financed by FAPESP (2017/06708-6 CAPES (due to fellowship to author GZ and support of the graduate programme of most of the research team) The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest We thank the physicians at the adolescent clinic where minors were recruites and Robson Koiti Kojima for help in collecting part of the data self-esteem and impulsiveness: an Indonesian-Swedish comparison Parsing the heterogeneity of impulsivity: a meta-analytic review of the behavioral implications of the UPPS for psychopathology Genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity: a meta-analysis of twin Validation of a short French version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale Confirmatory Factor Analysis 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Sabine Pompeia, c3BvbXBlaWFAZ21haWwuY29t Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish The Maria Leopoldina tunnel boring machine (TBM) which is working southbound on the construction of Line 6 of the São Paulo (Brazil) metro with a diameter of 10.6 meters and a weight of 2,000 tons has allowed the connection of this station with other shafts and stations belonging to the line thus continuing the machine's route in a southerly direction the TBM has advanced more than 2,474 meters installing more than 1,100 rings from its exit at the VSE Tietê ventilation shaft This tunnel is an important construction milestone for the project since at this point the TBM has completed 25% of the planned route to complete its work The Maria Leopoldina TBM will now continue its route to the next stop it will travel through seven stations to its final destination São Paulo Metro Line 6 will connect Brasilândia and will carry more than 630,000 passengers a day It will also reduce to just 23 minutes a trip that today takes an hour and a half by bus The construction of the São Paulo Metro Line 6 is the largest infrastructure project currently underway in Latin America It is a public-private partnership between the Government of the State of São Paulo and Linha Uni concessionaire of which ACCIONA is the main partner The works are being executed by ACCIONA's Construction business Linha Uni will operate the line for 19 years I accept Information on data protection In compliance with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on Data Protection and with other Data Protection regulations in force you are hereby informed that your personal data shall be processed by Acciona whose identification data are as follows: Tax ID No (NIF): A08001851; Address: Avenida de la Gran Vía de Hortaleza No.: +34 91 663 28 50; email: protecciondedatos@acciona.com Your data shall be processed in order to send you information through the subscription to our Newsletter through electronic means activities and news pertinent to our activity sectors The consent given by the data subject by indicating that they have read and accept this data protection information comprises the lawfulness of processing the subscription Request cannot be satisfied We may also process your satisfaction or preferences Data shall be stored until the elimination is requested we may give access to your data to service providers (such as technology service providers) who assist us in fulfilling this purpose may be located outside of the European Economic Area in territories that do not offer a level of data protection that is comparable to that of the European Union we transfer User data with appropriate safeguards and always ensuring the security of the same The data subject can exercise their rights of access to or rectification and/or the restriction of or objection to the processing of such data by writing the Department of Data Protection located at Avenida de la Gran Vía de Hortaleza 28033 (Madrid) or by sending the form available in the link: FORM If we consider it necessary in order to be able to identify you, we may ask you for a copy of an identity document. 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Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Archive Photography Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723063 This article is part of the Research TopicEmpirical Research at a Distance: New Methods for Developmental ScienceView all 40 articles Lockdowns and other preventive measures taken to curb the spread of diseases such as COVID-19 have restricted the use of face-to-face cognitive assessment but it should first be shown to be comparable to in-person assessment before being used more widely Our aim was to evaluate the suitability of online examiner-mediated administration of an open-access battery of executive function tests (the Free Research Executive Evaluation battery or FREE) that can be adapted considering various characteristics of diverse populations and therefore used worldwide A total of 96 9–15-year olds (42 girls) were tested half of whom online through video calls mediated by an examiner Their performance was compared to that of the other 48 individuals tested face-to-face who were matched against the online-tested participants for age The battery consists of two tests of the following executive domains: Updating (2-Back and Number Memory tests) Inhibition (Stroop Victoria and Stroop Happy-Sad) and Switching (Color Shape and Category Switch) and the examiner recorded accuracy and time taken to complete in-person and online tasks Only free software is needed for the assessment Executive measures obtained from the tasks did not differ statistically between online and in-person tested participants and effects sizes of group effects were small thus showing that the FREE test battery holds promise for online cognitive assessment pending confirmation in different samples and further validation studies This test battery may therefore be administered remotely and be moderated by an online examiner using screen sharing services that may be downloaded and used by examiners and testees free of charge without any special hardware especially those from low-income settings using free tools in which the examiner writes down the responses); and (4) self-paced format (clicking a mouse or tapping a keyboard to progress to the next stimulus during online testing and swiping the screen for in-person testing); the examiner used a stopwatch to time how long testees took to complete each task and wrote down the answers Because the procedures were essentially the same except for being administered in person or online we hypothesized that performance would be equivalent Our convenience sample consisted of 96 native Portuguese-speaking typically developing adolescents aged 9–16 These individuals were matched to 48 adolescents who were evaluated in person at their schools (see matched pairing details below) Exclusion criteria were: (1) having been held back for a year or more at school; (2) being a student with special needs which may be associated with clinical or cognitive limitations; and (3) taking daily medication to exclude any presence of chronic clinical disorders that could affect cognitive and/or developmental outcomes Both groups (online and in-person) were tested individually with supervision in a single session Participants from the in-person group were tested at their schools using touchscreen tablets holding PDF files containing stimuli and instructions participants tested online were at home and assessed remotely through an internet connection using their own hardware (computer or laptop with web camara and basic free software such as Adobe Acrobat and a free Zoom video communication application) These individuals were instructed by the experimenter to share their screens (step-by-step written and oral instructions were provided for those unfamiliar with Zoom) participants were helped to download tests in PDF format from their own e-mails or their guardian’s These files were not available until testing started the examiner was present during the whole test session answering questions and ensuring participants were doing the tests as expected (e.g. not being interrupted by their cellphones and such like) All participants were awarded a “science partner” certificate after taking part and those tested in-person were reimbursed for their travel expenses The EF test battery took around 40min to be completed including instructions and rest breaks if the participants required them Approximate time taken to complete each task was: 2min for both the Inhibition tasks 4min to complete the Color Shape task and 6min to complete Category Switch (Shifting tasks) around 5min to complete 2-Back task and 8min to complete the Number Memory task (Updating tasks) Other tasks were administered to the same samples and their results will be reported elsewhere The FREE battery contains six tests adapted for use in diverse samples in terms of SES and cultural context. The theoretical basis for the battery, the rationale for choice of tasks, description of tasks, answer sheets and scoring method are detailed in Zanini (2021). A brief description of tasks and scoring procedure for each domain can be found in Table 1 and Figure 1. Following prior studies (see Zanini, 2021) the Inhibition and Switching tasks included blocks used to control for vocal/psychomotor speed and a corresponding block with the same requirements plus executive demands while the Updating tasks contained no such control Figure 1. Overview of the two tasks of each of the three executive domains: inhibition tasks (A,B), switching tasks (C,D) and updating tasks (E,F). In the Inhibition and Switching tasks the first blocks are the control blocks (naming characteristics of stimuli, with no executive requirements) and the last block requires executive abilities in addition to those involved in the control blocks. For details, see Table 1 and Zanini (2021) All illustrated answers in speech bubbles are correct Sessions were recorded with participants’ and their guardians’ consent and erased once adequate scoring was ensured For each task or task block (depending on the test), the Rate Correct Score (RCS; see Vandierendonck, 2017) was calculated by dividing the number of correct answers by the time (in seconds) taken to complete each block This metric controls for speed-accuracy trade-offs the between-participant variability in deciding to do tasks slowly Because participants for the different groups were matched by sex these variables were not supposed to be different between groups so we did not include them as covariates in the analyses Data were inspected for outliers (values over three SD of the mean) The following outliers were found per variable: one in the Happy-Sad Stroop and one in the 2-Back for the in-person group and one in the Number Memory task for the online group Both exclusion of these values or replacement for the value of the mean plus three SD retrieved similar results so we report the results including data of these outliers Individual (dots) and mean (±SE) scores (histograms with error bars) per type of test administration [participants tested in person (black circles) and online (open grey squares)] in each of the executive function measures *data shown without correction for speed performing self-paced tasks and responding vocally and using different hardware under these conditions did not affect results This makes sense considering that the executive function variables were controlled for speed of vocal responses and passing from one stimulus to the next irrespective of the conditions and equipment used by the participants: smaller screens and swiping to progress to the next stimuli during face-to-face assessment or larger screens (laptops or personal computers) and mouse or key presses possibly because cognitive testing often needs supervision Mediated testing allows examiners to make sure that testees understand tasks pay attention when doing them and do not engage in the use of strategies that may distort performance so this must be undertaken in future studies Another advantage of having a couple of tests per domain is that researchers who intend to use only one task of each EF type can pick the one which they deem more adequate for their purposes although the ideal is to obtain latent scores Online testing also poses some ethical problems that must be minimized such as violating privacy online testing probably reaches much larger numbers at low cost and will therefore probably become more prevalent in the post-pandemic period especially regarding the adequacy of remote cognitive assessment We conclude that online testing the way it was administered here is feasible way of collecting data on EF making this a potential alternative when face-to-face testing is not possible Until more controlled experiments are conducted it is advisable to either test all participants online or in person and not mix these conditions The datasets presented in this study can be found at: https://osf.io/h5akr/?view_only=ea08777d698c46b4ae8110b9f8df8057t The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardian/next of kin SP: public responsibility for the content of the article All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP – Processes: due to fellowships to author IS 2019/19709–6 and SP 2016/14750–0) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (finance code 001) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq – #301899/2019–3 due to fellowships to author SP) and Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa (AFIP) The authors declare no commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher Bianca Rodrigues and Diogo Marques for help with data collection 1. ^For the 2-Back task, because participants can adopt a strategy of guessing (without actually updating the content in their working memory) by responding that all spatial configurations are different from the one presented two trials back (only 36% of trials are the same), accuracy in this case was calculated as hits minus false alarms (Jaeggi et al., 2010) Guessing in the other tasks can be picked up by the examiner but this never occurred in our experience 2. ^https://www.cem.org/effect-size-calculator Realistic precision 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reliability open-access test battery to study the fractionation of executive-functions in diverse populations Citation: Segura IA and Pompéia S (2021) Feasibility of Remote Performance Assessment Using the Free Research Executive Evaluation Test Battery in Adolescents Received: 10 June 2021; Accepted: 20 September 2021; Published: 14 October 2021 Copyright © 2021 Segura and Pompéia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited *Correspondence: Sabine Pompéia, c3BvbXBlaWFAdW5pZmVzcC5icg== †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship The designer and photographer Fernando Pires has completed a photographic series on Sesc Pompéia, one of Lina Bo Bardi's most significant works The photographer's series explores that symmetry in Bo Bardi's brutalist design Pires has devoted himself intensively to photography over the last three His work explores questions of composition based mainly on angles In 2013 the photographer had his first open show bringing together images from three different personal projects: "SP-23: 59"; "SESC Pompeia He was also the winner of the Sports category in Le Plus Grand World Photo Competition 2013 for the French magazine Photo This article, by Romullo Baratto, was originally published in Portuguese on ArchDaily Brazil. You'll now receive updates based on what you follow Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors If you have done all of this and still can't find the email in which the preposterous architect hero blows up a social housing project built to a compromised version of his designs rather than let this aesthetic affront stand attempts to build "what people want" have a way of ending up being bland and uninspiring They succeed largely in not making what people don't want hosted by the British Council and sponsored by the furniture company Arper Born in Italy in 1914 and arriving in Brazil in 1946, Bo Bardi was, as well as an architect, a political activist, a designer of furniture and stage sets, an editor and writer and a curator of exhibitions. You could call her a modernist as she used plain forms and concrete and glass but she also embraced the traditional cultures of her adopted country and added mud and straw to her palette One of her most beautiful creations is a wooden stair using techniques adapted from the making of ox carts For her, it was not enough to design the physical object of a building, or to act as a solitary artist. Noemi Blager, the curator of the exhibition, says she "put people in the centre of the project". Such statements are often no more than a pious hope, but Bo Bardi meant it. This is clear in SESC Pompéia, a social and cultural centre formed out of an old factory in São Paulo from 1977 to 1986 and you can sunbathe on a boardwalk called "the beach" Or you can simply sit and watch the passing scene an editor and writer and a curator of exhibitions.’ Here Bo Bardi's first move was to argue that the old factory should not be demolished on the grounds that it was already informally colonised by some of the uses – such as barbecues and puppet theatres – which the new centre was intended to serve She then made it into a village assembly of spaces enriched with things such as a shared hearth and a meandering castle-like and consciously defiant of any right-wing government that might want to sweep the complex away One is a water tower and the other two house the sports courts and bars and changing rooms such that the journey from locker to court usually a humdrum trip lined by lino and lit by fluorescent lights with the invention and design of exhibitions allowing its multiple activities to co-exist happily as the unforgettable concrete castle shows such as the co-existence of high and low culture of ambitious architecture and the everyday It is open to the effects of time and of chance is transformed by São Paulo's almost-tropical rain which raised on stilts above a sloping site on the edge of the city such that it has become a richer and more beautiful place than when first built Photograph: Ioana MarinescuThe title of the new exhibition is Lina Bo Bardi: Together The "together" comes from a statement of hers about the importance of collaboration There will be films by Tapio Snellman showing her work in use – including the SESC rain – and the results of collaborations by the artist Madelon Vriesendorp with children in Bo Bardi's Museum of Modern Art in Salvador de Bahia These are in fulfillment of the architect's wish that art should be made at the museum as well as seen there Assemble, the group of young not-quite-architects who made the Cineroleum and the Folly for a Flyover in London have designed the installation that will make the British Council's somewhat anonymous premises off the Mall into a corner of Brazil rather than make another exhibition of drawings and models – it is not about what her buildings look like It forms part of a rediscovery of Bo Bardi that is now gathering pace. For years she has been overshadowed and obscured by her more flamboyant and prolific compatriots, especially Oscar Niemeyer to the extent that otherwise well-informed architects and critics had never heard of her Now they are making the pilgrimage to Brazil to see her work Apart from the fact that she was a brilliant and astonishing person there are plain reasons why she should be popular in economically troubled times more suspicious of spectacular architectural icons The Brazil in which she worked was never rich and was often politically turbulent She was someone who could work with whatever was at hand including on one occasion off-cuts from the building of stage sets attacked the "exterior forms and acrobatics" that she felt were devaluing "the spirit of modern architecture" this statement still makes a good manifesto This is the archive of The Observer up until 21/04/2025 The Observer is now owned and operated by Tortoise Media and later become editor of the magazine Quiaderni di Domus With her office destroyed in World War II Bo Bardi founded the publication A Cultura della Vita As a member of the Italian Communist Party she met the critic and art historian Pietro Maria Bardi with whom she would move permanently to Brazil Image courtesy of Instituto Lina Bo e P.M. BardiIn Río de Janeiro, with its lush surroundings and modernist constructions, Bo Bardi began to assimilate these new influences, a process that would culminate when they moved to São Paolo She began to study Brazilian culture from an anthropological perspective and was particularly interested in the convergence of art and popular tradition Sesc Pompéia. Image © Pedro KokHowever, her work was not exclusive to architecture; she was also engaged in scenery production, art, furniture and graphic design. Bo Bardi passed away in 1992, with many ongoing projects left unfinished. Teatro Oficina / Lina Bo Bardi & Edson Elito. Image © Nelson Kon Architecture is created 'invented anew,' by each man who attempts her who sits down or gets up and makes intimate contact with—and at the same time create 'forms' in—the space [...] This intimate that which was perceived by man at the beginning Routine and communal places made man forget the natural beauty of 'moving in space,' of his conscious movement See all of ArchDaily's coverage of Lina Bo Bardi and her work via the links below: Radical Pedagogies: Lina Bo Bardi's Theory of an Immediate-Life-Architecture (1957) Video: The Glass House / Workshop "filming architecture" Lina Bo Bardi's Archive on Display at her Glass House in São Paulo Architecture Photography: Lina Bo Bardi's 'Sesc Pompeia' Arper Relaunches Lina Bo Bardi's Signature Bowl Chair Concrete and Glass: Lina Bo Bardi's Easels and a New, Old Way of Displaying Art By Lorie Ann Hambly for Heritage Auctions ……   One of the most important coins in this year’s Platinum Night offering is also one of the most humble-looking pieces: The famous Hunt-Shoshana Year 5 Shekel of the Jewish War against Rome (66-70 CE) about the diameter of a modern quarter but much thicker and heavier contains a vast amount of history within its battered silver surfaces is too long and convoluted to relay in the space of this article (the best account remains The Jewish War by the turncoat rebel Flavius Josephus who personally witnessed the entire conflict) but the “bullet points” alone are monumental enough: Decades of abuse heaped on the people of Judea by their Roman occupiers finally ignites a full-scale rebellion The rebels attack and expel the Roman garrison of Jerusalem; when Legion XII Fulminata marches from Syria into Judea in response After a spasm of internecine warfare (the rebels were of many factions united only in their hatred of Rome) the pro-Roman King Agrippa II flees his province and the Temple authorities in Jerusalem declare a free and independent Israel A mint is set up in the temple and the first shekel coins are struck following Mosaic tradition in omitting any “graven image” and depicting a ceremonial chalice (sometimes identified as the ritual “omer cup”) on the obverse and a sprig of three pomegranates (likely the top of a ceremonial staff) on the reverse The Hebrew legends proclaim “Shekel of Israel” and “Jerusalem the Holy,” and the obverse bears a date: Year 1 of the new regime The Roman regime of Nero cannot allow Judaea to break away else the whole Imperial edifice comes crashing down Nero responds by assembling a huge task force of four Legions and placing it under the command of a capable general of humble origins The invasion commences early in 67 CE and finds the Jews have reinforced Jerusalem in expectation of his attack Vespasian re-occupies the countryside and reduces rebel strongholds one by one commanded by a certain Yosef ben Matitiyahu falls after a 45-day siege; Yosef (Josephus) abruptly switches sides and wins Vespasian’s trust by boldly predicting he will become Emperor of Rome a seemingly laughable prophecy given the general’s low birth Vespasian’s patient strategy results in hundreds of thousands of Jews fleeing to Jerusalem for shelter overtaxing the rebel regime’s resources and causing a new round of internal strife between the Zealots and other factions While Vespasian slowly grinds down the rebellion and the Jews war amongst themselves the regime of Nero abruptly collapses and the Roman Empire becomes a playing pitch for rival generals …Galba is murdered by the playboy pretender Otho who immediately faces another revolt by Vitellius and the whole Roman world descends into chaos it occurs to Vespasian that in this “game of thrones,” the ridiculous prophecy of Josephus might actually come true He hands over the Judaean campaign to his son and assembles an army to make his own bid for supreme power whose lover is the Jewish princess Berenice scales back operations in support of his father’s bid for the throne correctly figuring the Jewish rebels will continue to slaughter each other and make his ultimate job easier While Vespasian’s forces wage civil war in the West Titus decides to roll the dice and risk all on a strike at the center of the rebellion Vespasian wins his bid and is the last contender standing in Rome as the year closes Titus undertakes a titanic siege of Jerusalem which drags on for seven months while the Jews within the city’s massive walls suffer unspeakable hardships and inflict horrific atrocities on one another the last Year 5 silver shekels of the Jewish regime are struck finding their way in the pouches of a handful of rebels who manage to break the siege lines and escape to Masada the mountaintop fortress originally built by King Herod Tens of thousands of Jews are crucified and executed in other unpleasant ways; hundreds of thousands are sold into slavery Titus returns to Rome and a rapturous welcome in 71; Masada manages to hold out until early 73 CE when 960 rebels and their families commit ritual suicide rather than be taken alive by the Romans which was found by someone residing in a new the year 5 shekel ranks as likely the most storied coin in the Judaean series Only about a dozen “regular” shekels such as the Hunt-Shoshana specimen survive today to inspire anyone with a love of history and website in this browser for the next time I comment This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 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