Home → Environment → Animals Loud screamers compensate for small testicles.. It’s a long-held belief that loud mouths overcompensate for something A study has found that monkeys who scream the loudest also tend to have smaller testes and a shortage of sperm compared to their peers Howler monkeys are one of the few nest-building monkeys and one of the loudest creatures in the animal kingdom They generally live in groups of 6-12 individuals with only a few males and many more females Biological anthropologist Jacob Dunn and his team from Cambridge University wanted to see how the size of the monkey testicles plays into social arrangements the team calculated how loud monkeys scream depending on the size of their testicles “The results of our acoustic analyses show that howler monkeys produce roars at a similar frequency as tigers which is far lower than we would have predicted from their body size yet exactly what would be predicted from measuring their giant vocal folds’ which are three times bigger than in a human.” They found that a monkey that weighs approximately 15 pounds (7 kg) can output screams that reach 128 decibels monkeys with smaller testicles scream louder There may actually be a correlation between the two: “It may be that investment in developing a large vocal organ and roaring is so costly that there is simply not enough energy left to invest in testes using a large vocal organ for roaring may be so effective at deterring rival males that there is no need to invest in large testes.” males with small testes and loud screams are more likely to gather a large female following Journal Reference: Evolutionary Trade-Off between Vocal Tract and Testes Dimensions in Howler Monkeys © 2007-2025 ZME Science - Not exactly rocket science © 2007-2025 ZME Science - Not exactly rocket science Nossos serviços estão apresentando instabilidade no momento Algumas informações podem não estar disponíveis Value of production found by PPM 2023 hit R$ 122.4 billion an increase of 5.4% from the previous year Livestock productsreached R$ 112.3 billion and aquaculture items were responsible for R$ 10.2 billion Cattle inventory reached 238.6 million head in 2023 the highest in the time series initiated in 1974 Although the figure means an increase of the herd the change by 1.6% from the previous year was the lowest percent change observed in the last three years which shows a trend to deceleration in the sector and reversal of the livestock cycle presents information like this about inventories livestock products and aquiculture in the country which are also available on the survey page on the IBGE website on Sidra once more leading the municipal ranking of cattle inventories Corumbá (Mato Grosso do Sul) keeps the second biggest herd and Porto Velho (Rondônia) remained in the third position in 2023 Milk production hit a record in 2023 and reached 35.4 billion liters in spite of the decrease in the number of milked cows the lowest number of milked cows observed since 1979 the estimated production of cow milk was 35.4 billion liters This figure corresponds to an increase of 2.4% in national production The value of milk production in 2023 amounted to R$ 80.4 billion The average estimated price was R$ 2.27  per liter of milk “Milk production activity had been on a downward trends and now it recorded an increase in 2023 despite the slight reduction in the number of dairy cows (0.1%) So the increase in production means an increase in productivity,” says Mariana Oliveira The municipality of Castro (Paraná) had the biggest output Carambeí (Paraná) remained in the second position with 211.1 million liters produced and R$ 513.0 million in value of production It was estimated that there were 1.6 billion chicken head in Brazil an increase of 0.6% compared to the previous year there was a new record for fresh chicken meat exported as well as an increase in chicken slaughter by 2.8% and 3.5% in cumulative weight mainly as a result of the importance of Paraná in the activity it has been the main state in this headcount since 2006; the number of 453.4 million animals in 2023 was also a record for the Federation Unit Both the Major Region and the state also stand out in Brazil regarding cattle slaughter The second largest inventory is in São Paulo Itaberaí (Goiás) kept a high number of chickens ranking as the main municipality in terms of numbers followed by Santa Maria de Jetibá (Espírito Santo) The number of goats increased by 4.0% in 2023 while the number of sheep increased by 1.3% Both are records in the time series of the survey The Northeast region was mainly responsible for this increase as it accounts for 96.0% of all goats and 71.2% of all sheep Bahia and Pernambuco stand out regarding this production as the first and second states in both types of farming with 30.7% of the goat herd and 23.0% of the sheep herd in the country coming from Bahia the biggest inventories of goats are found in Casa Nova (Bahia) The same municipality is the main one for sheep Dormentes (Pernambuco) and Sant'Ana do Livramento (Rio Grande do Sul) in contrast to the previous municipalities Egg production reaches a new record in the time series of the survey   the hen egg production in Brazil increased by 2.9% in the year 2023 resulting in a new record in the time series which estimates that egg production has been increasing uninterruptedly since 1999 The main five municipalities in terms of egg production were Santa Maria de Jetibá (Espírito Santo) São Bento do Una (Pernambuco) and Beberibe (Ceará) A total of 43.0 million pigs were registered in this edition of the survey there were 3.1% less animals in the country compared to the previous year the total number of hogs and pigs was practically stable There was also a 1.3% increase in the slaughter of hogs and pigs but with deceleration of increase in the sector There was also a record in fresh pork exports “The drop in hogs and pigs is due to some uncertainties in the year of 2023 We have seen a significant increase in recent years due to the volume of exports Another point was production costs for pig farmers” The main five municipalities in terms of hog and pigs numbers were Concórdia (Santa Catarina) and Tapurah (Mato Grosso) National honey production increased by 2.7% in 2023 the highest value ever recorded in the time series of the survey which has seen consecutive increases since 2016 and which in 2022 surpassed the South in terms of production accounting for 39.9% of the national total in 2023 The municipalities with the largest honey production were the following order São Raimundo Nonato (Piauí) and Ortigueira (Paraná) The fish production estimate for 2023 increased by 5.8% to 655,300 tons resulting in a production value of 6.7 billion reais an increase of 16.8% from the previous year The most produced fish in Brazil since the beginning of the fish farming survey has been tilapia its production accounted for 67.5% of the total. The main municipality in fish farming in 2023 was Morada Nova de Minas (Minas Gerais) which significantly increased its production now representing 3.1% of the national production Palotina (Paraná) and Assis Chateaubriand (Paraná) stood out as major producers the five of them account for 12.8% of Brazilian fish production Brazilian production of shrimp raised in captivity reached 127,500 tons an increase of 13.0% over the previous year The value of production was R$2.63 billion This estimate corresponds to a record in the production time series which has been increasing continuously since 2017 mainly from Ceará (57.0%) and Rio Grande do Norte (19.4%) The largest producing municipalities are in the two main states which produces 13,800 tons and accounts for 10.8% of national production and 18.9% of state production the Municipal Livestock Production Survey (PPM) investigates information on the main livestock species raised and the production of milk thus constituting the main source of statistics for this economic segment The survey provides information on the livestock inventories existing in the municipality on the reference date of the survey as well as on the production of animal origin and the value of the production during the reference year greasy wool and cocoons of silkworm; the amount of milked cows and sheared sheep; and aquaculture © 2018 IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística Nós utilizamos cookies para melhorar sua experiência de navegação no portal. Para saber mais sobre como tratamos os dados pessoais, consulte nossa Política de Privacidade. 2022 10h00 AM | Last Updated: September 23 Cattle herd hits a record in 2021 and reaches 224.6 million head Cattle herd increased for the third consecutive year and reached the record figure in the time series according to the Municipal Livestock Survey (PPM) The increase of 3.1% in comparison with 2020 caused the number of head to reach 224.6 million the year of 2021 was marked by the retention of female for the production of calves opposite to the decrease in slaughter of cattle due to the lack of animals ready for slaughter São Félix do Xingu (PA) is still the leader Value of livestock production reached R$91.4 billion The value of production of the main agricultural products reached R$91.4 billion Milk production concentrated 74.5% of this amount followed by production of hen eggs (23.9%) the same list as in 2020: Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES) recorded the highest value of production of which 94.1% come from the sales of hen eggs product of which the municipality leads the ranking 95.7% from the same activity as in the previous case Castro (PR) is another municipality in the top 3 It is the main national producer of cow’s milk with 97.3% of the value of production relative to this product (R$901.9) Production of milk is stable and average price records increase of 21% in 2021 Milk production was estimated at 35.3 billion liters in 2021 a figure that shows stability in comparison with the figure in 2020 recorded an increase in production (12.8%) and reached 5.5 billion liters Investments by this sector and better weather conditions observed in the last few years led to the increase of production for the fifth consecutive year despite the decrease of 0.8% in the annual comparison remaied as the origin of the biggest production of milk As for the 5,502 Brazilian municipalities that produced some milk an increase of 4.9% in comparison with 2020 The third municipality was Patos de Minas (MG) It is worthy of mention that seven of the 10 main municipalities regarding milk production were located in Minas Gerais The average price paid for the liter of milk rose 21.0% in 2021 Value of production amounted to R$68.2 billion “The change was mainly an attempt at mirroring the rise of production costs As in the case of milk production and in the ranking of previous years Minas Gerais led the value of milk production an increase of 21.4% against the previous year Raising of hogs and pigs increases and hits record figure; South has half of the national total The number of hogs and pigs increased 3.2% in 2021 the main inventory of hogs and pigs in the time series the year registered historical rises in input prices “That was a challenging situation for producers but slaughter of hogs and pigs was still on an ipward trend and reached record results as for volume and revenue.” The South region is still the main one in terms of animal raising: 21.4 million animals Santa Catarina remains as the leader at state level now followed by Uberlândia (MG) and Rio Verde (GO) the production of hen eggs increased by 1.7% despite the decrease of 4% in relation to the previous year It accounts for 40.4% of the national total The Southeast has states in the first position (São Paulo with 8.5%) and the fifth position (Espírito Santo which makes the South Region as second in the ranking: 22.9% the main five ones are: Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES) Primavera do Leste (MT) and São Bento do Una (PE) and Itanhandu (MG) increased by 3.5% (52.2 million animals) between 2020 and 2021 is number one in the ranking of 5,486 municipalities with the presence of poultry This municipality recorded an increase of 17.8% in 2021 Itaberaí (GO) and Cianorte (PR) surpassed Bastos (SP) and complete the top 5.As for poultry production Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES) is still the leader Primavera do Leste (MT) and Itanhandu (MG) Production of honey is still on an upward trend and hits a record high The national production of honey reached 55.8 thousand tonnes The increase was mainly due to the increases in the South Value of production reached R$ 854.4 million “There is demand and room for increase of this market with rise of the dollar and rise of prices," Ms Rio Grande do Sul is the main producer among Brazilian states followed by Paraná (8.4 thousand) and Piauí (6.9 thousand) These states have led the ranking since 2017 they represent 43.9% of the total Brazilian production Among the 3,991 municipalities that produced honey in 2021 with an estimated production of 925.6 tonnes with the biggest national production (35.4%) and an increase of 4.2% from 2020 with 20.1 thousand tonnes (3.6% of the natonal production) remains as the leader Also relevant are Morada Nova de Minas (MG) tilápia has been the number 1 among fish species tilapia production amounted to 361.3 thousand tonnes or 64.6% of the national production of fish with Paraná leading the state ranking for the species and The second most produced species was tambaqui and 94.6 thousand tonnes (16.9%) of the total fish farming production This species is mainly concentrated in the North both represented 94.2% of the national total Rondônia leads the state ranking once more and accounts for 36.7% of the total tambaqui production Maranhão (12.1%) and Roraima (12.1%) are also important for production Amajari (RO) and Almas (TO) form the top 3 In the third position of fish farming is the group tambacu and tambatinga (7,7% of the total production) Production is distributed among the Central West (58.6%) the Northeast (25.4%) and the North Region (14.7%) which accounted for 54.8% of the national production of these two species with a production of 21% of the total produced which increased for the 4th consecutive year Shrimp farming reached 78.6 million kilos in 2021 which is concentrated in the Northeast (99.7% of the total) has increased for the fourth consecutive time “Every edition of the survey the sector proves to have overcome the crisis caused by the white spot syndrome virus,” says Mariana Oliveira Ceará is the main producer With an increase of 38.3% in production the state has left Rio Grande do Norte (second-placed state) behind and reached 33.7 thousand tonnes or 42.9% of the national total now followed by Acaraú (CE) and Pendências (RN) 2023 10h00 AM | Last Updated: September 22 the cattle herd grew for the fourth consecutive year and reached a new record in the time series Growth of 4.3% brought the number of heads to 234.4 million “Cattle production has been increasing since 2019 due to good prices for arroba and live calves There was a process of retaining females for reproduction a consequence of this behavior that began at the end of 2019 But the expectation is that the rise in prices will have ended in 2022 when we also observe an increase in the slaughter of females” analyst at PPM .All animal herds showed growth as well as that of hogs and pigs increased by 4.3% each; that of buffaloes There was also a record in the production of honey “With a weakened domestic demand and reduced purchasing power of the population was the alternative adopted to make production flow Exports reached a record and China has strengthened its position as an important market for meat: chicken Cattle herds grew in all Major Regions in 2022 São Félix do Xingu (PA) maintained its leadership Value of livestock production grows 17.5% and reaches R$116.3 billion The production value of all livestock products investigated in the survey Milk production accounted for 68.8% of this value Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES) presented the highest production value of which 95.0% comes from the trade of hen eggs Castro (PR) took second place with R$1.2 billion being the second largest national producer of hen eggs Milk production falls 1.6% and average price hits the series’ highest value Milk production was estimated at 34.6 billion liters in 2022 when it reached a series record (35.3 billion liters) Rising costs and reduced margins have discouraged production The number of milked cows fell by 1% and represented 6.7% of the total number of cattle in 2022 which may indicate disinvestment in milk production - we observed that producers are migrating or leasing land for the production of grains stimulated by high grain prices in recent years Milk prices rose 19.7% and corroborate this information by maintaining a cumulative increase since 2017 and closing 2022 at R$2.31 per liter the value of milk production increased by 17.7% to R$80.0 billion” the South maintained its regained leadership in 2021 followed closely by the Southeast with 33.6% the third largest national producer (16.5%) since 2017 This growth is mainly the result of favorable weather conditions in the Region in recent years and investments in genetics and technology Minas Gerais maintained the highest production with 27.1% of the total or 9.4 billion liters It is worth noting that six of the ten main municipalities in milk production were from Minas Gerais and three from Paraná Farming of poultry and hogs and pigs breaks record The herd of hogs and pigs grew 4.3% in 2022 The South Region brings together 51.9% of the national workforce the growth of the herds of sows and hogs and pigs was stimulated and we now have China as the main destination for our meat exports associations linked to the sector have been working to reduce bottlenecks in domestic pork consumption introducing new portions and easier preparations and national per capita consumption has been growing also reaching a record of 1.6 billion animals with highlights to Paraná with 470.3 million (29.7%) Brazil is the world's largest exporter of chickens concentrates most of Brazil's chicken slaughter Brazil saw increases in slaughter and exports the latter influenced by cases of avian influenza in the main chicken producing countries maintained the largest quantity of poultry in the country (21.1 million head) Chiken farming grew 2.4% and reached 259.5 million The national number of chickens in 2022 reached 259.5 million and the Southeast was responsible for 35.1% of this total with 21.2% of the national total of chickens with 11.0 million and Primavera do Leste (MT) with 4.3 million chickens Hen egg production rose 1.3% to a record 4.9 billion dozen followed by the South with 23.1% and the Northeast with 19.6% The more affordable price also influences a growing demand for this protein leading to successive records in production collected in the survey Part of these eggs are also destined for incubation and become broiler chickens an activity that was also expanding in 2022 Fish and shrimp farming hit production and value redcords National fish production reached a new record of 617.3 thousand tonnes The activity continues to rise sharply in the country which represented 66.1% of the total fish produced The total production value also increased (16.4%) accounted for 27.1% of the national production and 75.7% in the South Region having stood out in the farming of round fish an increase of 5.9% compared to the previous year The sector has maintained an increasing pace since 2017 with the recovery from the effects of the white spot Production is concentrated in the Northeast of the country (99.6%) Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba standing out Aracati (CE) led the ranking of municipalities with production of 12.7 thousand tonnes or 11.2% of national production