Weekend coming up and you're looking for a nice place to have a beer the first Friday in August has been set aside to celebrate International Beer Day we know that cariocas don’t even need a specific day for it So how about a list of the best places to drink beer in Rio de Janeiro Already a member? Not a member? Sign up Explore our Food Tours → Let’s say you have only two or three days in Rio You want to experience a little real Brazilian culture and don’t want to restrict yourself to the obvious tourist stops overhyped bars and restaurants or usual “gringo” nightlife spots which means “fair,” is organized by people from the northeast (nordeste) which is the poorest region in the country That poverty has led millions of northeasterners to migrate to Rio over the last 50 years to seek a better life And Feira de São Cristóvão is where they express themselves culturally from Friday afternoon through Sunday night located in the neighborhood of São Cristóvão More than 10,000 people visit the feira every weekend but there are plenty of cariocas and tourists too – and they are undoubtedly there because northeastern culture is surely one of the most fascinating things about Brazil at least two big stages and a dozen smaller ones host nonstop performances of forró a music genre with a magnetic beat – anchored by the insistent ring of the humble triangle – that makes everybody dance all night long The fair is also the place to buy northeastern handicrafts is the food – typical northeastern dishes at stands of every size The big stalls operate like real restaurants and offer substantial most of them made with goat meat or dried beef (the northeast’s famous carne de sol) One especially popular dish is buchada de bode (goat offal) Less exotic but equally tasty are the typical combinations of dried meat and pumpkin (jabá com jerimum) and northeastern-style rice and beans made with sliced bananas and meat (baião de dois) You can find all of those dishes – and much more – at stands like Barracão do Aconchego But really any restaurant you find at the fair will serve you excellent and honest northeastern food The big restaurants are just part of the show. At Feira de São Cristóvão, there are also smaller stands slinging appetizers, beverages and candy, selling such specialties as acarajé the typical Afro-Brazilian street food of balls made from mashed black-eyed peas and fried in azeite de dendê (palm oil) which is always served by traditionally dressed baianas (Bahian women) The northeast is big: It’s composed of nine states Feira de São Cristóvão offers seemingly infinite possibilities for exploration It warrants multiple visits – we recommend going at least a dozen times loading map - please wait...Map could not be loaded - please enable Javascript!→ more information Nossos serviços estão apresentando instabilidade no momento Algumas informações podem não estar disponíveis 2017 09h00 AM | Last Updated: September 04 singer and composer from Pernambuco recorded 56 albums and was responsible for the popularization of northeastern rhythms in famous songs written in partnership with Humberto Teixeira em 1947 São Paulo commemorates today the Northeastern Day According to data from the IBGE´s National Household Sample Survey - PNAD São Paulo is the major destination of migrants coming from the Northeast Region: 5.6 million persons in 2015 Rio de Janeiro ranks in the second position Many of them bring back their native culture at the Luiz Gonzaga Center of Northeastern Traditions Feira de São Cristóvão preserva a tradição nordestina street vendor José da Silva Bahe tells that the fair took place in the parking lot around the São Cristóvão Pavilion by the time he arrived in Rio in the 1950s The stands were moved to the São Cristóvão Pavilion only in 2002 he works characterized as the Brazilian flag and unveils that he came to Rio de Janeiro to search for a job: "I came to Rio because the minimum wage here was higher than in the Northeast" The story is the same with the also street vendor José Gomes da Silva who came from Paraíba to Rio in 1975 with the same dream as Zé da Bandeira "We come from there wishing a better life That´s why northeasterns come a lot to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo 40 thousand persons get together to commemorate Saint John at fair Paraíba-born Cristina Fagundes lives in Rio de Janeiro for 36 years She reveals that 40 thousand persons were commemorating Saint John in the Pavilion Quadrilha (square dance) with persons from a number of cities was also part of the festivities People and attractions from other states make it cozier Chilled weather and human heat gets very well together" the anniversary of the Luiz Gonzaga Center of Northeastern Traditions will include a wide commemoration program which can be checked at the official website of the fair Text: Karina Melo and Marina Lara (trainees) © 2018 IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística Nós utilizamos cookies para melhorar sua experiência de navegação no portal. Para saber mais sobre como tratamos os dados pessoais, consulte nossa Política de Privacidade. Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker 43,000+ global companies doing business in the region 102,000+ key contacts related to companies and projects news and interviews about your industry in English The Munduruku are Indigenous People who have lived on the area around the Tapajós River there are more than 12,000 Munduruku living in the region transportation and the survival of their cultural and spiritual practices and they’ve been fighting to protect their traditional land for more than three decades The project was denied but the Munduruku territory is still vulnerable There are still other 40 dams planned for the Tapajós River basin and only the official recognition of their territory by the Brazilian government can protect it To fight for the recognition of their territory, the Munduruku have produced the Map of Life the result of a rich and intense process that took more than two years to complete The map is a testament to how the Munduruku way of life is interconnected and interdependent with the nature that surrounds them the map portrays the practices that are fundamental to their survival This week, the Munduruku joined more than 3,000 Indigenous People from all over Brazil in the country’s capital to fight for their rights They not only installed signs in front of the government building and distributed the Map of Life to people on the streets but also delivered the map to the Ministry of Justice demanding they officially recognise and protect the Munduruku territory Building dams in the Tapajós River Basin would flood thousands of square kilometres impacting the biodiversity of the region and affecting the communities who have depended on it for centuries It’s time to tell the Brazilian government that destructive energy is not clean energy and that the Munduruku deserve recognition of their traditional land to fully protect it from future projects More than 1.2 million people have already signed the petition to stand with the Munduruku. Join them! Diego Gonzaga is a Communications Manager for Greenpeace International A firefighter describes the horror of witnessing the Amazon being consumed by wildfires What happens when the world’s biggest meat company brands itself as a climate saviour a mega-corporation making billions while its supply chain sets the Amazon on fire From elusive jaguars and to playful river dolphins every creature from the Amazon relies entirely on the rainforest for food Please select which cookies you are willing to store These cookies are required for technical reasons so that you can visit our website and use the functions we offer These cookies are used to recognise you between successive visits and thus provide you with a better experience storing your consent preferences and the last Greenpeace.org website visited We use tracking and analysis tools to ensure continuous optimisation and demand-oriented design of our website These cookies will allow us to collect statistical and anonymised data such as how visitors use our website or which pages are accessed most frequently to ultimately improve Greenpeace.org and provide you with a better experience of our website In addition to the Performance cookies mentioned above we may also place in your browser cookies from third-party services (e.g Facebook or Google) to track the effectiveness of our online marketing strategies and to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests These cookies may also be used to serve advertising to you after you have left our site (retargeting cookies) After these building materials cooled and were stacked to form a church school and other buildings at Santo Ângelo the magnetite inside retained this reshuffled alignment a record of the magnetic past sealed away like a proverbial mosquito in amber Along with several dozen other Jesuit missions built in the same era Santo Ângelo flourished briefly along what was then the poorly defined border between the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in South America the mission was home to about 8,000 people nearly all of them indigenous Guarani whom the Jesuits were trying to Christianize represents the first archeomagnetic survey undertaken in the region and suggests that current models of earth’s dynamic magnetic field need refining it suggests that the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) – a large and growing weak spot in the earth’s magnetic field centered roughly over southern Brazil – may have arrived over South America centuries earlier than was previously thought “We think it may have reached this region around 1600 meaning it grew earlier than people had predicted,” Poletti said That adds significant practical implications to understanding the development and future behavior of the SAA While the reasons behind the appearance and spread of this weak spot in the earth’s magnetic field have yet to be fully understood the phenomenon may be linked to the periodic magnetic reversals that the earth undergoes “This could actually be the start of our [magnetic] field flipping,” says Alexa Halford a NASA scientist based at the Goddard Space Flight Center Because the SAA was only discovered in 1958 our understanding of its historical development relies heavily on modeling and the relatively sparse archeomagnetic data like that recently recorded by Poletti’s team Over 90 percent of the archeomagnetic sampling that informs these models was conducted in the Northern Hemisphere That gives him extra incentive to continue his work in Brazil and help build a more comprehensive set of global data to refine the models of earth’s changing magnetic field “Understanding this entire process [of geomagnetic reversal] may not seem like it’s important for tomorrow or 10 years for now but understanding how it’s changing will give us a way to prepare for the future,’ Halford added “If it continues to grow in size and decrease in value this is a serious issue [for spaceflight],” says John Geissman professor of geosciences at the University of Texas at Dallas Poletti’s future research plans include an archeomagnetic survey over the past 3,000 years in the Amazon basin It’s a region ripe for such work because it’s full of ceramic fragments – a legacy of its long history of human occupation – that have never been scrutinized for clues about the earth’s magnetic past Poletti has also using a worldwide database of past archeomagnetic studies to further investigate the suggestion gleaned from the ruined Jesuit missions of southern Brazil that the SAA was bigger in centuries past than we’d thought we’ll understand variations in the magnetic field [in the Amazon] over the last 3,000 years … [and] better understand the development of the SAA and its influence on the global magnetic field,” he said Register or Log In Want more?Keep reading for as low as $1.99 Subscribe Save up to 40% off the cover price when you subscribe to Discover magazine O endereço abaixo não existe na globo.com Metrics details Quality evaluation of a material’s surface is performed through roughness analysis of surface samples Several techniques have been presented to achieve this goal including geometrical analysis and surface roughness analysis Geometric analysis allows a visual and subjective evaluation of roughness (a qualitative assessment) whereas computation of the roughness parameters is a quantitative assessment and allows a standardized analysis of the surfaces the process is performed with mechanical profilometer equipment (2D) without adequate accuracy and laser profilometer (3D) with no consensus on how to interpret the result quantitatively This work proposes a new method to evaluate surface roughness starting from the generation of a visual surface roughness signature which is calculated through the roughness parameters computed in hierarchically organized regions The evaluation tools presented in this new method provide a local and more accurate evaluation of the computed coefficients In the tests performed it was possible to quantitatively analyze roughness differences between ceramic blocks and to find that a quantitative microscale analysis allows to identify the largest variation of roughness parameters Raavg which benefit the evaluation and comparison of the sampled surfaces One of the greatest difficulties is the quantitative determination of the microroughness of substrates Most of the studies make a two-dimensional determination of the roughness thereby generating roughness coefficients that are not well correlated with the adherence generating the average value between the roughness values of the lines that make up the surface without an analysis of the surface as a whole which results in an empirical specification of a parameter representing the roughness of the substrate and generates a roughness coefficient that cannot be extrapolated to other surfaces whereby the surface is analyzed and evaluated based on the knowledge and skill of a professional there is equipment and software that help to inspect the surfaces of materials From a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technique it is possible to acquire a number of points with sufficient resolution to evaluate the irregularities on material surfaces With the irregularities generated from points with 3D coordinates it is possible to determine the salient features of surfaces which allows civil engineers to determine the quality of adherence to other materials These artifacts of valleys and peaks (relief features) on a surface are called roughness the roughness of a given surface is evaluated to determine the interface quality thereof with other materials each with its purpose or application context Surface reconstruction aims to analyze the individual information of the points and reconstruct as much information as possible about the scanned objects thus allowing the visual analysis of the surface protrusions visualization-based measurements use purely geometric techniques for data manipulation and are entirely subjective and subject to the skill and experience of the professional involved Another important issue is the lack of a standardization of evaluation Precisely because of its subjective nature a professional could determine one evaluation and another could determine a different result for the same evaluated area techniques for evaluating coefficients or roughness parameters are used to quantitatively measure the interface quality of a surface it is possible to define the overall roughness of the surface in a standardized way and thus allow a more accurate evaluation of the surface interface of the material Although the measures suggested in the literature are adequate to measure material roughness an average or smoothed value is obtained for the surface an analysis with a spatial subdivision of the surface could provide a more precise and detailed analysis of the surface adhesion in certain places it would be possible to evaluate the standardization of similar surfaces considering that the sampled surfaces of the same block should be similar owing to the material properties and the physical conditions to which the block was subjected (temperature is proposed a technique that performs an analysis of a point cloud acquired by laser scanning and computation the roughness parameters at different scales on a hierarchical structure of the spatial division of data From the fitting plane representing the point cloud and keeping the data in a hierarchical data structure more specifically a spatial division tree (a quadtree) the parameters or roughness coefficients are computed for all locations the surface roughness is measured both at the global level (higher level of the tree) and local level (lower level of the tree) Our hypothesis is that from the local evaluation it is possible to better evaluate the parameters of roughness by location and in this way to better estimate the level of adhesion of the materials it is estimated to identify in a standardized and quantitative way the similarity between surfaces of sampled materials Surfaces that have similar roughness coefficients in different subdivided regions indicate the same manufacturing context (material etc.) and have a better evaluation of the standardization of blocks or parts of the same material a ray emitted by the equipment hits the target and its reflection is read by the equipment to measure the position and depth of the point where the ray collided with the target the color associated with the hit point is returned The result of this sampling is a point cloud the geometry and measurements are computed that relate the points with the fitting plane of the surface by a mean least squares method After obtaining triangles via 3D Delaunay triangulation a good initial triangle is considered to be the seed of the mesh and from it other appropriate triangles are connected to their front edges those that are not connected to any other triangle The initial triangle is the one that forms as flattest surface as possible with its adjacent ones And so the mesh grows iteratively for all front edges until there are no more suitable candidate triangles Suitable triangles are those that have edges that close with the current triangle and its neighbors on front edges and with an angle smaller than a threshold parameter These methods generally reconstruct smooth surface and either incorporate roughness as a mesh relief (not treating it as non-mesh points) or remove it as a noise from the points it is suitable for surface reconstruction with a focus on visualization and does not favor the analysis of surface roughness other problems are related to the evaluation of geometric surfaces mainly because they are polygonal approximations These methods are suitable for viewing and not for a proper roughness measurement These measures evaluate the average standard deviation of the heights (valleys and peaks) in a surface profile to compute the degree of roughness it is first necessary to compute the fitting plane for the points acquired from the surface it is possible to determine the height of a peak or valley by evaluating the height coordinate of each point of the cloud The calculation of the plane is described in more detail in Section 4.1 based on the division of the surface profile into smaller parts and considering information on peaks and valleys separately it is possible to analyze a greater level of detail about the roughness evaluation These parameters are mean peak height (Rpm) ten points height or average of five peaks (Rz(ISO)) which is the sum of the heights of the highest peak and the deepest valley shows the relation of the calculated parameters on peaks and valleys with samples (or patches) of the surface profile but use a roughness measurement as a subjective evaluation criterion of mesh reconstruction quality is proposed a spatial division control that allows analyzing the sampled surface at hierarchical levels (described section 4.1.2) Several factors can impact the final result from the preparation of the material to the reading of the data by LiDAR Imperfections in the preparation of surfaces errors in the preparation and firing of the material errors in the surface preparation for reading and regulation (height x accuracy) on reading These error factors can be controlled or avoided throughout the process Each block must be carefully prepared for the reading process The firing process of blocks is defined as: Separate all extruded blocks that will be used for the same firing temperature The blocks should be placed in an oven at 100 °C for drying which is achieved when the mass change within one hour was less than 0.25% The muffle furnace is heated to rate designed to the brick the temperature should be increased at the rate designed to the brick until it reaches the desired peak temperature The blocks must be maintained at peak temperature for a prescribed time The muffle furnace is turned off and the block is allowed to cool In this process, it is important to pay attention to the handling of the blocks to prevent artifacts from being produced and causing failure as illustrated in Fig. 2 mainly because outliers can be produced throughout the process The purpose of the reading process is obviously to obtain as many points as possible from a15 surface but requires some basic procedures to ensure an effective reading method It is necessary to essentially set the position and size of the region of interest and the number of points to be read adjusted with respect to the reading accuracy of the equipment and thus it is important to adjust the equipment for maximum reading accuracy Figure 4 illustrates a process to successfully read data, avoiding problems due to several factors associated with the equipment and, especially, the sampled objects. The focus of the reading process the proposed method is the description of the activities necessary for the acquisition the point cloud for surface roughness analysis and it does not contain steps or details of activities for processes that acquire point clouds with other objectives was considered in this process a tabletop scanner where the part to be scanned rests on a table and the equipment emits a laser beam from top to bottom was not considered the acquisition of other information that may be relevant to the reconstruction of surfaces because the process focuses precisely on the information of the points and especially the height (Z-axis) to calculate the roughness The process that is performed after the parts acquisition is illustrated in (Fig. 4): the level of the block in the equipment must be adjusted to avoid problems caused by the orientation of the part (in Section 3.2.1 the problems related to the part rotation are described) must choose places that do not have artifacts or problems in the material surface reliefs produced by the materials that make up the surface A good approach is using a template of the desired surface size to mark the starting position of a region of interest and then manually set the scanning end position in the machine software the equipment will read a rectangular region aligned with the axes of the plane of the surface base (XY plane) Adjust the equipment for better reading accuracy depending on the height of the block in relation to the equipment LiDAR equipment generally allows adjustment of the height of the laser via software and hardware and one can manually set the reading accuracy with respect to the height Set the number of points to be read (number of rows and columns) check the final number of points that can be read and whether the reading accuracy (minimum distance between points in the X and Y directions) is in agreement with the accuracy of the equipment Start the reading process of the LiDAR equipment export from the equipment software the scanned point clouds for processing in the roughness calculation software It is important to emphasize that because the surface blocks have height variations owing to the manufacturing process of the pieces and possibly exacerbated in the firing process the height adjustment must be performed for the block and also for each surface to be digitized In the reading process of the LiDAR equipment failures occur mainly because of artifacts or imperfections of the blocks reading problems may also occur if the surface is not well positioned and oriented The positioning and rotation of the block relative to the base does not significantly interfere with the process or cause read failures the alignment of the surface with respect to the axes of the base plane (XY plane) favors the reading The relevant problem during scanning is the rotation of the block in height relative to the plane of the scanner base the laser can fail in two situations: height calibration (Z-axis of the scanner) that is not adaptive to any-place read because the laser is calibrated to a global height during reading and considers only slight variations in height along the surface This sharp local height difference can lead to equipment readability failure and the other point of failure is a “shadow” effect this occurs when one point prevents the reading of another point because it exerts an occlusion on the view of this other point by the laser beam The vertical rotation problem is caused by artifacts and a failure to cut the blocks during the acquisition process To avoid the rotation problem and benefit the acquisition of as many points as possible on the surface the block must be aligned to the axes of the scanner base and arranged in support that allows leveling This leveling removes any vertical surface orientation problems the block must be placed under a material that allows molding or leveling at reading time is described how to solve the problem of leveling and rotation of blocks it is important to note that many problems that cause misalignment or noise are caused by the inherent characteristics of the equipment used because the results vary according to the equipment used it is important to choose equipment that has the highest reading accuracy possible it issues such as the noise level and the ability to configure and adjust the equipment should be considered certain challenges were encountered (as illustrated in 2) in ensuring the effectiveness of the process of reading the point clouds of the surfaces readability problems can occur owing to improper leveling (see Section 3.2.1) To solve the problems of rotation and leveling an apparatus was developed to facilitate the handling and leveling of the blocks The system must support the block and allow the position and level adjustments The dimensions should be adequate to avoid overweight and facilitate the handling of the block It should be ensured that the mass of the assembly does not exceed the limit specified for the LiDAR equipment used Support box (a) for position adjustment and part rotation After the point cloud acquisition process, the process of computing and representing of the roughness coefficients of the surface as a quadtree is executed. The computational process of the roughness coefficients is shown in Fig. 6. Process for computing surface roughness coefficients The computation process of the roughness coefficients must be performed for each point cloud of the surfaces read in the reading process: Read the next cloud point file (one per scanned surface) The data are exported and must be translated into a 3D vertex structure The quadtree must be set up according to the number of levels defined for the program The coefficients are computed by level and by node for each node and each level of the quadtree: Get the points belonging to the current node’s region Calculate the roughness coefficients as described in Section 4.1.1 The roughness coefficients computed for the surface are written in the output file for further visualization and processing Roughness measurements are essentially height differences relative to the average height of a cloud of points at a given location or fitting plane is defined the plane that best fits (represents) the points cloud This plane should consider the orientation and slope of the surface as sampled it is possible to evaluate the height difference of any point of the cloud in relation to the height of the estimated surface (i.e. The equation that defines the plane (considering the Z-axis as height) is: the least squares product technique is used whose objective is to find the coefficients of this support plane from the points of the surface it is possible to determine the height of the plane in relation to any point on the surface The matrix B that defines the coefficients of the plane (b0 where A is the matrix formed by the points of the surface without the height coordinate (in this case z) L is the matrix composed by the coordinate z of all the points in the cloud Figure 7 shows an example of a fitting plane that has been computed through its coefficients (matrix B) and the points at the corners of the surface. Example of a fitting plane (in orange) computed on a cloud of points (in black) Although it is possible to explore other values in this work it was not considered relevant to perform experiments with other values indicate the average or overall values for the entire sample region the local distribution of these values is not considered It is common for a surface to introduce a coefficient variation according to the local sampling of roughness The evaluation of the parameters in a specific location benefits both the comparisons among the different regions of the surface and among the several samples of a larger material surface or of several pieces produced with the same material that significant differences occur on the surface of a sample among different samples of the same fabrication similar behavior is expected for the coefficients of the same locale or within an expected variation due to possible changes in the surface confection process To evaluate the roughness parameters at several locales of a material sample a hierarchical spatial division of the sampled area is proposed Although this spatial division can be implemented in several ways it is relevant to consider a pattern of area and location for each region and the size of the region itself A pattern and location make it easy to compare different samples and the size of the region is important to determine the significance of the roughness measurement The size of each region can vary significantly among different material types this is a parameter of the size that must be defined by the user who evaluates the computed roughness values To benefit the spatial division (location and size) and its manipulation Hierarchical spatial subdivision with a quadtree (a) Root element; (b–d) successive subdivisions according to the coordinates that form the surface polygon the classification of points by region/division is executed the points are also classified within the region of the successive subdivisions It is relevant to note that the roughness parameters of the different branches of the tree are not obtained by average; they are recalculated which determines the better accuracy of the parameters the points of each region are considered for calculating the roughness parameters (as described in Section 4.1.1) and the values are saved in the tree structure the user can evaluate the roughness coefficients at the various subdivisions After the computation of the roughness parameters at different levels of the tree, the information for representation and analysis of the results are processed in other software. Figure 9 presents the computation of the information generated by this new software for the analysis and evaluation of the roughness of the surfaces sampled. Process for computation of tools for evaluation and analysis of roughness coefficients The process of generating graphical information for analysis and roughness evaluation is defined as: All files of the roughness coefficients (one per surface) are read by the software for analysis The surfaces are kept in a list for processing together According to the level of the quadtree defined for analysis all nodes of all surfaces are traversed to determine the values of the Ra reference: medium (Raavg) For each node of each surface and according to the level of the selected quadtree: Roughness codes or signatures are computed as defined in Section 5.1 The node histogram is computed (Section 5.1.1) A signal is assembled from the Ra data of the node and plotted on a chart comparing is with the reference values (Section 5.1.1) A page with all the generated graphical objects is displayed to the user (civil engineer) who can evaluate and analyze measured roughness on each surface and infer their behaviors and the possibilities of adhesion in each situation or configuration of the block acquisition process (a) Example of surface roughness code (signature) Computed from 4th level (3rd division) of quadtree roughness parameters (Ra) (b) Example of surface roughness evaluation metrics Center: visual minified code of the surface Below: histogram computed from the visual code Right: chart comparing the surface Ra coefficients with the Raavg To generate the colors of the code (the visual signature) with the value of Ra local being compared with the mean (Raavg) and maximum (Ramax) values of the reference For comparison purposes and in the absence of a standard reference value in the literature as well as the minimum value (Ramin) and maximum (Ramax) of Ra computed on all the surfaces sampled are defined as reference values The closer the Ra location is to the Ramax the closer to gray-medium the be the color The maximum defined depth level (the least evaluated detail of the quadtree) is a user parameter the fourth subdivision level (1.5625 mm2) is used to exemplify the signature generation of the block because it is not that far from the reading accuracy of the LiDAR equipment (0.1 mm) and with a reasonable number of points (≈156 points) for a range of Ra values In addition to the visual signature of roughness, are also proposed the use of other metrics to evaluate and compare roughness (Ra) among surfaces. Figure 10 gives an example of the metric set used for roughness evaluation and comparison from the color composition of the visual code a histogram is built to check the frequency of the colors and compare the dispersion or concentration within the range of values Ramin (white) and Ramax (black) The x-axis of the histogram represents the 256 possible values of gray tones The y-axis represents the number of times (frequency) that a certain shade of gray appears in the code The histogram can be used to verify the dispersion of the coefficients Ra with respect to the mean (Raavg) for each surface The surface signature (grays tiles) allows a visual evaluation of the dispersion of the coefficients and the histogram allows a quantitative evaluation of this dispersion Another form of evaluation for comparison of the surface coefficients with the reference parameters through a line chart with which it is possible to verify the behavior and distribution of the coefficients of the surfaces in relation to the reference parameters the array of the surface coefficients is transformed from two-dimensional signal into a one-dimensional signal and Ramax) are also plotted on the chart and the variations of the coefficients of the surfaces are evaluated is possible to compare one surface with the others verifying those that have greater or lesser variation of the coefficients in relation to Raavg and how to use these tools to evaluate surface roughness In order to validate the proposed method for analysis and evaluation of surface roughness roughness coefficients were computed and analysis information was generated for samples of red ceramic blocks The objective of these tests is to verify whether the proposed techniques are satisfactory for the surface roughness evaluation of the blocks allowing the association between this property and the adhesion resistance of coating mortars with the blocks ceramic blocks were produced from the same clay subjected to firing cycles of 800 °C and 1000 °C resulting in blocks with significant differences between their physical and mechanical properties and analyzed according to the processes defined in sections 3 and 5 the visual information was obtained for analysis and evaluation of the results Surfaces roughness signatures in four levels of detail the general Ra is showed bellow each figure maximum (Ramax) and standard deviation (Rasdv) for each set of Ra this work presents new tools that allow a more accurate evaluation of the behavior of the coefficients over a surface and also comparisons of coefficients (signatures) between different surfaces One can better infer what happens to the internal coefficients and their distribution along the surface because the methods present only global roughness coefficients of the surfaces the proposed method has an advantage both because the information in these reference works is smoothed in relation to the original surface and in the fact that it does not have the focus on the analysis of roughness coefficients precisely because it aims to reproduce surfaces and not analyze roughness These methods allow only a qualitative assessment of the roughness coefficients The roughness signature also allows an overall surface evaluation comparing one surface with the other surfaces of the same block and with all surfaces sampled at the same firing temperature This allows evaluation of the behavior of parts (surfaces) within the block itself to find behavioral patterns that indicate a higher interfacial adhesion factor in certain locations and the global behavior of the coefficients in relation to blocks of the same temperature there are regions of a block that have greater roughness and others with lower roughness; it is possible to identify regions where the blocks could favor adherence In order to evaluate surface roughness coefficients are proposed the analysis of both the detail levels of the quadtree divisions and the comparison between surfaces by analyzing the developed evaluation metrics (signature the coefficients in the lower level of detail of the code (levels 0 This is noticeable because both the Ra in the first column and the values Ramin and Ramax in the second and third columns of the table are very similar (even the images are very similar) the difference between the surfaces is better perceived The images have a larger difference and the Ramin and Ramax have a greater difference compared to the results of previous levels can use the level of subdivision that best fits his purpose because it is possible to search for a pattern of similarity among blocks or to analyze their differences in more detail The other form of analysis used in this work is the comparison of data through the newly proposed analysis tools. Combining the use of the three tools, several behaviors, patterns, and analyses of the sampled surfaces can be inferred. Figure 12 presents the results obtained in the tests performed for the model validation. and average (Raavg) values were computed on all the sampled surfaces and the average roughness Raavg was 3.484 μm It is verified that in this region of the blocks the coefficients show generally low variation; they have values near or below the average roughness (Raavg) This behavior is highlighted by the coefficient graph Another tool used in the evaluation of results allows us to compare the variation of roughness values between blocks of different firing temperatures It is generally noted that the surfaces of the blocks with a firing temperature of 800 °C have concentrated the coefficients closest to the center of the histogram (or closer to the value Raavg) there is a greater variation or dispersion of the values in relation to the average roughness (Raavg) Through the results presented with the tools used for analysis it was possible to quantitative and visually verify that the blocks with a firing temperature of 1000 °C have greater variation of roughness compared to the blocks with a firing temperature of 800 °C which supposes an effect of favoring the interfacial adhesion with concrete As it can be verified in the presented results it is possible to analyze in several levels of detail allowing comparisons and assumptions that are not easily determined by the simple analysis of global coefficients the possibility of computing the results in a localized way and through the spatial division and hierarchical organization and subdivision of these locations provides civil engineering professionals a more accurate control tool for the comparison and evaluation of surface quality it is possible to submit several surface samples of the same material and to check the patterns of roughness of the samples as well as to verify and evaluate the distortions due to the way the piece was constructed or environmental factors such as temperature and bring a new and advantageous perspective on the analysis of surface roughness as they allow a localized and detailed assessment of roughness coefficients of surfaces and at the same time facilitate comparative analysis among different sample surfaces both at waviness and at micro-roughness levels That the characterization of roughness must be understood and is associated with the scale The proposed method in this work can be used for multi-scale roughness computation as it enables the analysis of roughness at various levels of hierarchical representation the proposed roughness analysis tools help in understanding the roughness patterns quantitatively and visually indicating texture variation behavior along the surface there are still several points that can be explored to try to improve the general evaluation of surfaces such as data acquisition by photogrammetry and the evaluation of the area of the rough part this would indicate with more precision the adhesion that each surface can allow The datasets that were generated and/or analysed during the current study are freely available from the corresponding author on a request Thamboo, J. A. & Dhanasekar, M. Characterisation of thin layer polymer cement mortared concrete masonry bond. Constr. Build. Mater. 82, 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.098 (2015) Enhancing bond strength and characteristics of soil-cement block masonry The use of pozzolans to improve bond and bond strength Santos, P. M. & Júlio, E. N. A state-of-the-art review on roughness quantification methods for concrete surfaces. Constr. Build. Mater. 38, 912–923, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.045 (2013) Combination of mechanical and optical profilometry techniques for concrete surface roughness characterisation The effect of ebm process parameters upon surface roughness Garbacz, A., Courard, L. & Kostana, K. Characterization of concrete surface roughness and its relation to adhesion in repair systems. Mater. 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Percept. 5(21), 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1145/1462048.1462052 (2009) Measurement of surface roughness of rock discontinuities A description for rock joint roughness based on terrestrial laser scanner and image analysis Download references Mauricio Roberto Veronez & Cristiano André da Costa VIZLab (Advanced Visualization & Geoinformatics Lab) Claudio de Souza Kazmierczak & Daiana Cristina Metz Arnold The authors declare no competing interests Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51545-7 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing: AI and Robotics newsletter — what matters in AI and robotics research In a ceremony marked by the defense of university autonomy the session extraordinary meeting of the University Council (Consu) held this Friday afternoon (2) granted the title of professor emeritus at Unicamp to the lawyer and economist Luiz Gonzaga de Mello Belluzzo the distinction is due to the important Belluzzo's contribution as an economist and political thinker and for his extensive list of relevant publications that exerted significant influence in academia Belluzzo received a standing ovation from the audience that filled Auditorium III of the Convention Center The ceremony brought together close relatives of the honoree friends and a large number of economists – among them executive secretary of the Ministry of Finance and appointed to the Monetary Policy directorate of the Central Bank former president of BNDES (National Bank for Economic and Social Development) The granting of the title was also attended by the former deans of Unicamp José Tadeu Jorge Marcelo Knobel and Carlos Vogt and the former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil Aloisio Nunes Ferreira The proposal to grant the title was presented by the Institute of Economics (IE) after unanimous approval by the IE Congregation It was then ratified by a special commission formed by economists Luciano Coutinho (president) and Leda Paulani and jurist Eros Grau Graduated in Law and Social Sciences from USP (University of São Paulo) Belluzzo entered the postgraduate course in Economic Development promoted by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Also cplayed an important role in the beginning of the IE installation process at Unicamp Having become a doctor in Economics in 1975 and a full professor at IE in 1986 Belluzzo was celebrated at the ceremony as one of the main people responsible for articulating the budgetary autonomy of the three public state universities in São Paulo – a mechanism that guaranteed regular investments in these institutions and provided the necessary support for their development recalled that autonomy is a milestone in the life of the three universities and also of Fapesp (São Paulo State Research Support Foundation). Meirelles believes that there was a leap in quality in the institutions after that both in the development of research in all areas of knowledge and in the training of professionals and extension work “This is the result of an action taken 30 years ago in which Professor Belluzzo was the protagonist” the academic community assesses that this was the most important and decisive public policy measure in Brazil's science and technology system “The scientific community and Brazil should thank him for this” minimized the weight of his participation in the process of granting autonomy to universities and in studies on the country's economy and declared his love for the University. "Unicamp is the great passion of my life” “Perhaps it even matches the passion I have for Palmeiras” In an informal speech lasting around 20 minutes Belluzzo recalled the moment he arrived at Unicamp together with his friend João Manuel Cardoso de Melo He recalled the difficulties that universities faced during the military dictatorship highlighting the support that the teachers received it from the founder of Unicamp and cited the institutional crises that occurred in the 1980s the godfather appointed by IE to honor Belluzzo spoke about the almost 70 years of friendship that unite them about the struggles they fought against the military regime and about the difficulties they had to overcome when they arrived at Unicamp Belluzzo was included in the Biographical Dictionary of Dissenting Economists among the hundred greatest heterodox economists of the 2005th century He received the Juca Pato Trophy Intellectual of the Year Award in XNUMX And he is considered the best heterodox economist in Brazil due to his interpretations of suggestions for and criticism of Brazilian society from the perspective of Karl Marx and John Maynard Keynes "It is no exaggeration to say that Belluzzo established an absolutely original and consistent interpretation of the works of Marx and Keynes The monumental work of the two notable thinkers of capitalism was dissected refined and reevaluated in a thorough way by Belluzzo” says an excerpt from the justification presented by professor Frederico Mazzucchelli along with the proposal from the IE Congregation that recommended the granting of the title “This effort alone would be enough to establish him as one of the main economists of his time” his prodigious memory and his passion for knowledge have made him a safe compass for everyone who wants to reflect in depth on the economy and society in the contemporary world” his CV recorded 14 books and a few dozen chapters and prefaces published in addition to 18 articles in refereed journals Belluzzo played an essential role in training intellectuals professors and economists who stand out in various fields: he was the main advisor or co-supervisor of 34 master's theses and 44 doctoral theses but has since continued as a collaborator in disciplines research projects and discussions on various topics Belluzzo actively participated in public life He was Secretary of Economic Policy at the Ministry of Finance under Dílson Funaro He was also Secretary of Science and Technology of the State of São Paulo a position in which he distinguished himself by leading – as determined by the then governor Orestes Quércia – the process that led to the financial autonomy of São Paulo's universities Belluzzo was a member of the Superior Council of Fapesp between 1992 and 1995 and later between 2007 and 2013 He was a member and the first president of the Board of Trustees of Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC Between 2003 and 2007 he was also a member of the Economic and Social Development Council (CDES) of the Civil House of the Presidency of the Republic recalled that the emeritus title granted this Friday to Belluzzo is the first in the history of the institute Belluzzo operates beyond the walls of the University as he participates in an extensive list of councils and associations in the public and private sectors and non-governmental organizations “Belluzzo is one of the most influential people in Brazil A decisive public man and a generous and cordial teacher” Watch the ceremony broadcast live on Canal Imprensa Unicamp: Delegation learned about research carried out at Unicamp and expressed interest in international cooperation The show class with chef and gastrologist Tibério Gil on the role of nutrition and gastronomy in contemporary women's health opened the program that runs until Friday (8) the occupation of command positions is still unequal between men and women with six places offered each year in the first two periods; the offer increases to nine beneficiaries in the following two years The publications are divided in a didactic manner into the themes General Women's Health Obstetric Health and Adolescent Women's Health a political commitment in favor of the solution is necessary and the Brazil can play an extremely important role in global environmental solutions the sociologist was president of the National Association of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Social Sciences in the 2003-2004 biennium Webmail Wi-Fi networks User Services Charter Information Security Policy The requester URL cannot be found in our server. 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Click here to return to the homepage CNA is a service of EWTN News, Inc. 2018 09h00 AM | Last Updated: December 05 For those who the São Francisco is "everything" the signs of degradation of the river cause sadness and anguish yet not enough to hinder the fight for the survival of the Old Chico and its traditions So are the workers of the Low São Francisco the Retratos team learned stories of persons who depend share memories from the fulness of the São Francisco Celestino Lima Silva began to work as a fisher when he was 18 years old he does not have any doubt when asked if he misses his job The fisher says that he retired about five years ago and that he sold all his work tools: net Celestino comments that a fisher´s life is much more difficult today: "We are virtually fishing in a well The fishes keep on disappearing after the barrage 48-year-old José Nivaldo da Silva still lives from fishing he showed the Retratos team the situation of the Low São Francisco and talked about the difficulties of his job which is part of the irrigated perimeter of Propriá this activity seems to be still strong there harvesters and many workers involved in these tasks According to 74-year-old Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento the number of persons living from rice cropping was much higher than before the drought "Every Monday a lot of people came to work in the meadow Luiz Gonzaga tells that even those who remained in this job changed the way of planting rice with scarce floods Rice-grower Marcelo Novaes also works in this new reality though the volume of the river remains key Due to the difficulties in the production and even to the market many producers in the region are replacing rice cropping for fish farming comprising ten brothers who worked together in pottery Júlio tells that the São Francisco River changed a lot since he began to work The craftsman believes that the water shortage has not affected pottery yet seems to be less optimistic and believes that as the São Francisco dries but this river has not flooded for 14 years the Soares like to spend the day in the river we have to thank God for it is still here" See more on the São Francisco onRetratos 13 and on the following links: São Francisco River enables strategic connection between Major Regions in Brazil Video reports presents Old Chico, the enduring river Brazil - November 2019 - From 15 to 17 November at the Salesian College "Sagrado Coração de Jesus" over 800 young people took part in the 24th edition of the Salesian Youth Festival The event was conceived by the Salesian Youth Ministry of the “São Luís Gonzaga” Province of North-Eastern Brazil (BRE) in communion with the “Maria Auxiliadora” Province of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus the Salesian Antônio João Nascimento Neto was ordained a deacon by the laying on of hands of the auxiliary bishop of the archdiocese of Olinda and Recife which also saw the participation of Fr Nivaldo Luiz Pessinatti Fr João Carlos Ribeiro and Fr Francisco Inácio concluded with the Eucharistic celebration presided by Fr Renato Jorge Delegate for the Salesian Youth Movement of the North-East of Brazil ANS - “Agenzia iNfo Salesiana” is a on-line almost daily publication the communication agency of the Salesian Congregation enrolled in the Press Register of the Tibunal of Rome as n 153/2007 This site also uses third-party cookies to improve user experience and for statistical purposes By scrolling through this page or by clicking on any of its elements Brazil – March 2024 - The coordinators of the ADMA groups in the Salesian São Paulo Brazil Province (BSP) met on 23 March for a Council Meeting which took place in the Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora Parish in Bom Retiro About 50 members representing 17 local groups of the 22 in the BSP Province had the fraternal presence and accompaniment of the Salesians: Luis Antonio Amiranda The reflection theme "I will give you a Teacher" in preparation for the International Congress of Mary Help of Christians in Portugal the Rosary together and much joy among the participants reviving the flame and Salesian charism of each participant The ad-free version is ready for purchase on iOS mobile app today we couldn't find that page";var n=e.querySelector("h2");return n&&n.remove(),{staticContent:e,title:t}},d=function(e){var t=document.createElement("button");return t.innerText=e,t.classList.add("error-page-button"),t},f=function(e){var t=document.createElement("div");t.id="recirculation-404",t.classList.add("brand-hint-bg");var n="\n \n \n \n \n \n '.concat(e,' Tick here if you would like us to send you the author’s response Samsung and Cinépolis presented the Samsung Onyx 4K The event took place this Wednesday (27) at the reopening of Cinépolis JK Iguatemi this is the second LED cinema room in South America.” The screen Samsung Onyx has a modular system of 55m² with 455 inches 4K resolution (4.096 x 2.160 pixels) and technology HDR (High Dynamic Range) as well as reaching levels of brightness never seen before in movie theaters in both light and dark scenes There are also advantages to playing 3D movies The film chosen for the test session was the animation Alita: Battle Angels and the intensity of the colors on the screen is impressive The impression is that you are actually exchanging a projection for the image directly on the screen Another surprising point is to think that this screen They are millimeter mounted and calibrated using software from Samsung so that it is impossible to distinguish them on the big screen with loudspeakers and harmonic reproduction of the audio throughout the environment THE Samsung Onyx 4K brings improvements to the texts with greater levels of realism and sharpness The screen now has an integration with third-dimensional glasses it is worth mentioning that the display of the Cinepolis JK Iguatemi does not have display in 3D The LED screen of Samsung makes the projectors obsolete which makes room in the rooms for more seats or new equipment since it will no longer be necessary to have a projection room The manufacturer promises that the installation operation and maintenance of the displays will be simpler than those of conventional screens Europe, Asia, United States, Colombia and now Brazil. Initially, Samsung Onyx 4K will be available at the complex Cinepolis JK Iguatemi the city of Curitiba will also gain an LED movie theater Another great novelty announced is that the Samsung Onyx will also have home versions You'll be able to bring the premium cinema experience to the room of your house director of the B2B Area at Samsung Brazil this development of the screen in modules allows you to customize movie screens to the most varied sizes where the minimum suggested size is 130 inches We already know what to expect in innovation to movie theaters starting this year around here Cinephiles who want to look for these rooms should look for the nomenclatures “VIP LED 2D” and “VIP LED 3D” and the values range from R$ 67,00 to R$ 84,00 which vary between days and what is displayed Is that you? Will you miss the projectors? Are you able to follow the releases of Samsung You need to login to post a comment.