OLD BRIDGE - Seabra's Market
a supermarket with an emphasis on Portuguese and Italian products
is opening later this month on Route 516 and Gaub Road
27 in a 20,000-square-foot space in the Browntown Shopping Center
"We're excited to open our newest location in Old Bridge," said Omar Rodriguez
vice president of operations at Seabra's Market
"We've been looking to expand and Old Bridge is the perfect location
We're a family-owned business with family values and Old Bridge fits perfectly with that
The residents also appreciate good food and that's what we offer."
"Our demographics fit their model and this is a great addition to our township and the community
It helps with job creation," said Steve Mamakas
executive officer of the Old Bridge Mayor’s Office of Economic Development
27 grand opening celebration will include food tastings
The site was previously occupied by SuperFresh and Walgreens
Walgreens relocated to the front of the site several years ago
SuperFresh closed months after opening in June last year
which will have a variety of European specialties
The market will also offer online shopping
The store will initially employ about 60 full-time and part-time workers
Future plans include opening a liquor store adjacent to the market
Seabra's Market has other locations in Newark
More: 71 more apartments may be built in Old Bridge
Seabra's Market is looking to open other locations in southern New Jersey
7-Eleven and Wendy's in the shopping center
Rodriguez said Seabra's Market is not affiliated with Seabra Foods
Seabra Foods will be opening at Port Plaza
a redevelopment project that includes the former Laffin Chevrolet site on the corner of Main and Reid streets
Susan Loyer covers Middlesex County and more for MyCentralJersey.com
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Flash forward and the Portuguese rider has two
U.S.-based World Equestrian Games (WEG) appearances on his resume
Kentucky in 2010 with Fernhill Closter Rebel
North Carolina in 2018 with SIG Winter Soldier
that second WEG might not have happened.
“I never thought one day I’d become a show jumper,” Seabra, 39, told Horse & Hound last August
That was until tragedy struck Seabra’s family in 2015
was tragically killed while competing on cross country at a CIC 2* event in Sevilla
Francisco had made his own senior championship debut at the WEG in Caen just one year before.
The loss marked a turning point for Duarte
who made the switch to show jumping in 2015
Seabra is not yet a top player at the five-star level
But he’s accrued an impressive string of results in the last two years
culminating with his individual Olympic debut in Paris with Dourados 2
And if Seabra’s New Year’s resolution was to “make a splash in 2025!” (we’re just guessing)
Duarte and Dourados 2—a 12-year-old Westphalian gelding and former Cian O’Connor (IRL) ride—placed third on the podium in the 1.60m 5* Grand Prix at Al Shaqab in Doha
career 1.55m wins in the 4* Grand Prix at the same venue
Those placings, and others, earned Seabra more than €162,000 in January, alone, according to Jumpr stats—enough to make him the highest-earning rider in the world in the first month of 2025
A who’s-who of top names including Kent Farrington (USA)
are regular fixtures on the Longines Rankings’ top 10 list
Which makes Seabra’s feat especially impressive when you consider that he jumped more than 80 ranking places—from No
And while the Portuguese rider is hardly a household name on this side of the pond
Seabra made his debut on the Global Champions League (GCL) for the Monaco Aces
France in both GCL competition and the LGCT Grand Prix aboard Dourados.
Need one more reason to **watch this space**
In 18 rounds at 1.55m and 49 rounds at 1.50m
Seabra and Dourados jump clear at 67% and 57%
NEW BEDFORD — Police have a suspect in custody and have identified the victim in the homicide in New Bedford Tuesday morning
The Bristol County District Attorney's Office said a 31-year-old suspect with a last known address in Mattapoisett is in custody and has been charged with assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon
The suspect will be arraigned today in New Bedford District Court
The victim has been identified as 58-year-old Stephen Oswald of New Bedford
The Bristol County District Attorney's Office said New Bedford Police received a 911 call for an injured man in front of Seabra Foods
First responders found the victim suffering from an apparent head injury
Shooting under investigation: Bridgewater man fatally shot in New Bedford
The victim was pronounced dead by New Bedford EMS medics at 3:56 a.m
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PortuGOAL Figure of the Week: Coach Vasco Seabra adds to his burgeoning reputation | OneFootballPortuGOAL
Vasco Seabra is the man responsible for the stabilisation of Futebol Clube de Arouca
The latest PortuGOAL Figure of the Week stole a point from SL Benfica at the Estádio da Luz in commendable fashion
A well-worked goal in the latter stages of the occasion where many are prone to panic and bombard the penalty area with wayward
all while contending with the absence of eight players
One week on and Seabra’s Arouca clinched three points against relegation candidates Estrela da Amadora, all but guaranteeing their presence in Portugal’s top-flight next season. Kevin Fernandes reports
Vasco Seabra concluded: “We were very brave
in a fundamental game that escaped our comfort zone
We missed the penalty which would probably kill the game at 2-0.”
The young coach is one of the most promising in the Portuguese domestic game
with the character to match his tactical nous
A man who has equally been the protagonist of unique communication between manager and fans
opening doors and revealing details that are usually kept under wraps
but there are certain things that have to be built so that it’s not random
We want to structure it so that CS Marítimo (the club he was managing at the time) isn’t dependent on this specific player or coach.”
Let’s bring it back to the closing stages of October 2024. The exit of Spanish coach Gonzalo García was announced after ten matches at the helm of Arouca
triggered by the 4-1 drubbing away at Estoril
At this stage, the minnows in yellow sat on the cusp of relegation after finishing in seventh place the season prior and fifth before that. Arouca are known as the plucky underdogs susceptible to overachieving despite representing little more than a village of just 5200 habitants
defying all the odds to qualify for European competition on two separate occasions
The odds stacked up against the Arouquenses once again
The record sales of the dynamic attacking duo Rafa Mujica and Cristo González generated over 15 million euros
which for the majority of clubs in Portugal
Highly rated defender Jerome Okoku and penalty-saving specialist Inacio de Arruabarrena equally departed
four fundamental figures in the previous successes of the northern Portuguese side
The 41-year-old Portuguese head coach had overseen promising periods at Madeiran giants CS Marítimo
FC Midtjylland-affiliated CD Mafra and an exceptional Taça da Liga run at Estoril last season
he is yet to stay at a club for longer than a year
despite compiling further experiences at established Portuguese football staples Paços de Ferreira
Vasco Seabra has bounced around multiple clubs since departing from Marítimo
perhaps shaping his next experiences where off-ball organisation has become more apparent
empowering players and making positive adjustments to promote ambitious
Making the lives of the traditionally recognised ‘Big 3’ more frustrating than most
Vasco Seabra has taken points from FC Porto (from 12 attempts) and SL Benfica (from 11 attempts) on 5 occasions
while limiting Sporting CP to a stalemate every other game
Vasco Seabra has become notorious for the honeymoon period but struggling to offer continuity and maturity to his sides filled to the brim with potential. Despite some perceived pessimism, surrounding the appointment, Seabra has shown his best work in limited time once again. Arouca sit sixth in Liga Portugal for averaging possession
typically dominating control of the football more often than not
and they sit seventh for expected goals despite an underwhelming position in the table
In 2025, Arouca have only won one point less than FC Porto and have won four points more than sixth-place high-fliers Santa Clara
nine points above the relegation play-off spot
and no longer have to ‘look in the rear-view mirror’ in the words of their coach
who will certainly be looking forward and upwards
Bayern Munich’s former player Taichi Fukui is only 20 years of age and dictates play ever more comfortability
balanced through the constant presence of veteran David Simão
Chico Lamba will be considered the unexpected standout by Sporting academy stakeholders, as the 22-year-old defender has stepped up from Liga 3 to Liga Portugal showing some great physical and technical fundamentals. Morlaye Sylla is also talented and has the ceiling to do more for Arouca next season, showing that there is definite potential in this current Arouca squad
The latest PortuGOAL Figure of the Week is getting the most out of them and Arouca are worth keeping an eye on
Trent Alexander-Arnold announces Liverpool exit
Trent Alexander-Arnold has confirmed that he will leave Liverpool this summer via a lengthy social media statement.The academy product is out of contract at Anfield at the end of the...
Premier League Awards: Enciso stunner, Semenyo or Delap?
Portugal's Duarte Seabra and the 12-year-old gelding Dourados 2 (Diarado x Cornet Obolensky) won Saturday's CSI4* 1.55m Grand Prix – counting for the Longines Rankings Group A – which concluded the second week of competition at the Doha International Equestrian Tour 2025 at the equestrian venue Al Shaqab in Doha
Stopping the clock on 39.03 seconds in a jump-off between five horse-and-rider combinations
Seabra and Dourados 2 bested a field of 32 starters – taking the win ahead of last weekend's Grand Prix winner Gerfried Puck (AUT) and Equitron Naxcel V (Balou du Rouet x Landetto) in second in 39.75
Janne Friederike Meyer-Zimmermann (GER) and Iron Dames Dubai du Cedre (Baloubet du Rouet x Diamant de Semilly) completed the podium with a fence down in 38.97 seconds
Mariano Martinez Bastida (ESP) and Jup (Carrera VDL x Siverstone) finished fourth
followed by Torben Köhlbrandt (GER) on Mastermind RL (Mylord Carthago x Alcatraz) in fifth.
© 2025 World of Showjumping - All rights reserved
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Falling tree limbs in Birmingham kills one person
The fatal attack happened early Tuesday morning outside of a Seabra Foods supermarket in New Bedford
Police documents stated that 31-year-old Nina Busnengo got into a fight with the victim and stomped on his head
When officers arrived they found 58-year-old Stephen Oswalt in the parking lot with a head injury
Busnengo was charged with assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon
Police said the suspect stomped on the victim's head because he took her belongings without asking
It’s unclear why the two were in the parking lot when the grocery store was closed
Busnengo is expected to face a judge on Wednesday for her arraignment
(WJAR) — A woman who police said admitted to stomping on a man's head outside a New Bedford grocery store
She allegedly told police she kicked and stomped on 58-year-old Stephen Oswald's head after she found him sleeping with her blanket
investigators laid out their case against Busnengo
They said police were called to the Seabra Foods on Rockdale Avenue at about 3:40 a.m
Police said they traced blood back to a nearby stairwell where homeless people tend to gather
They said they spoke with witnesses and identified the suspect
who told them she was angry seeing him asleep with her blanket
"She said she took his cell phone and used it to make a few phone calls to get a ride out of there
I suppose to be found either moments later or hours later
having bled to death on that bench," prosecutor Michael Scott said
Busnengo was being held without bail pending a dangerousness hearing on Monday
She's not currently facing a murder charge
Only a handful of people in the modern era have ridden at championship level in two equestrian disciplines. Step forward Duarte Seabra, the Portuguese who has just added Olympic showjumping honours to his eventing World Championship cap
As an event rider, Duarte also completed Badminton twice, and was a prolific competitor on the international circuit. It’s an impressive switch, following in the steps of the great Mark Todd and Peder Fredricson
“They are two different sports – I never thought one day I’d become a showjumper,” he says
But in 2015, Duarte’s older brother Francisco – also a championship event rider – died in an eventing accident. Duarte had been based in England and Ireland for several years
but that spring moved back home to Portugal and stopped eventing
“I feel lucky to be in the top of the sport in both disciplines,” said Duarte, after knocking two down on Dourados 2 in the individual qualifier for the final at Paris 2024
“In eventing your strongest point has to be the cross-country but I had always showjumped
I jumped up to grand prix before I started eventing
so I had some experience and that probably helped me in eventing
Then I dedicated myself to eventing for more than 10 years
“I’m back in showjumping now and it feels natural because we jump in two disciplines in eventing
However it’s a totally different sport and lifestyle
There’s a big business industry around showjumping
Duarte still draws on his eventing experience now
“For sure there’s a lot I’ve learned in eventing that I benefit from now being a showjumper,” says the 38-year-old
I was lucky enough to jump around Badminton twice
I did the World Games and [learnt how to deal] with the pressure when you go cross-country at that level – it’s big
the fitness and knowing the horse has helped me a lot now.”
“I don’t have to ride in a dressage saddle – which is a good thing!” he says
SOUTH RIVER – A new supermarket is part of a redevelopment plan for the former Laffin Chevrolet site on the corner of Main and Reid streets
the designated redeveloper for the property
has applied to the Planning Board for preliminary and final major site plan approval to develop a mixed-use building at 7 and 11 Main St
according to documents filed with the borough
The site is near the Main Street entrance to South River from Sayreville via the Veteran's Memorial Bridge
Port Plaza will feature 17 apartments; an approximately 13,357-square-foot supermarket
Seabra Foods; an approximately 2,711-square-foot wine store
and an approximately 3,927-square-foot prepared foods café
a small park and a walkway up against the waterfront
The proposed development does not require any variance relief
The lots will be consolidated if the application is approved
The property is located in Sub-Area-150 of the Lower Main Street Redevelopment Area
More: South River man, a disbarred NY attorney, owes $30M for immigration fraud scheme: feds
the Borough Council adopted the Lower Main Street Redevelopment Area Redevelopment Plan
The plan for the Laffin site was recently amended and approved by the Borough Council and will now go before the Planning Board for site plan approval
The long awaited project has been about 10 years in the making
"It's incredible what they're doing," Guindi said
"You're going to see a beautified beginning to Main Street
This is the beginning of the redevelopment for the residents of South River."
Guindi said while running for mayor last year
he ran on the promise of redevelopment in the borough
"We have to stop dragging our feet," he said
"We have to stop talking about excuses and start doing and that is exactly what I'm doing
I've been working with the administration to get this done
Now we're on a path to redeveloping all of Main Street
as well as Water Street and the Causeway Waterfront Zone."
The mayor said a groundbreaking for Port Plaza has already been scheduled for 10 a.m
A hearing on the application is scheduled for the 7 p.m
Seabra Foods specializes in ethnic products imported from Portugal
the family-owned business operates supermarkets across the East Coast
NEW BEDFORD — A Mattapoisett woman previously charged in the Tuesday
20 homicide of a New Bedford man has now been charged with murder
is alleged to have kicked and stomped the head of 58-year-old Stephen Oswald
who died outside a Seabra Foods supermarket in New Bedford
She was originally charged with assault and battery with a dangerous weapon
A new criminal complaint charging Busnengo with murder was filed Thursday
according to the office of the Bristol County District Attorney
the office of the Bristol County District Attorney said
Massachusetts State Police detectives assigned to the district attorney's office
New Bedford Police and Homicide Unit prosecutors are continuing to investigate the homicide
the Bristol County District Attorney’s office said
Busnengo told police she kicked Oswald in the head multiple times and stomped him
after becoming aggravated that Oswald was sleeping with her blanket behind a car wash
Busnengo said she previously stayed at the car wash — located near Seabra Foods where Oswald later died — and had left her belongings there
Busnengo’s address listed on the criminal complaint is in Mattapoisett
Busnengo found Oswald sleeping with a blanket that belonged to her
Busnengo further later told police she had grabbed the blanket
stepped on Oswald’s head and stared at him
New Bedford police received a 911 call at approximately 3:40 a.m
20 for a male with an injury at 41 Rockdale Avenue in front of Seabra Foods
First responders found Oswald suffering an apparent head injury
and New Bedford EMS medics pronounced him dead at 3:56 a.m.
She was also initially charged with unarmed robbery
A pretrial hearing on the status of the case is scheduled for Thursday
who managed Gomes during his stellar loan at Estoril (from Braga) last season
believes finding a role in which the young wide man can flourish will be crucial to his success at Molineux
Gomes, 21, has already caught the imagination of Wolves supporters this pre-season with two goals in the 3-1 victory over West Ham United, then scoring again when coming off the bench as a second-half substitute against RB Leipzig
Access all areas for a Premier League club's pre-season tour in the U.S
Yet Seabra has clear views on how to get the best from Gomes
“When the team has the ball he’s always trying to do different things and get close to the goal
which is really good for the team,” says Seabra
who deployed Gomes almost exclusively as a wing-back last season
“But for him it’s better when he starts a little bit down the field
he can attack from deep and I think that is better for him
he receives the ball and then has to face the opponents straight away and that is not his best quality
“His best qualities are appearing in the space — finding that space behind their defenders
He is really fast and he has really good technique but when he comes down to find the space I think it’s really difficult to defend against him.”
Gomes has appeared wide on the left of a midfield quartet
It was from that position that he scored twice against West Ham, turning home a rebound after a challenge on Goncalo Guedes before netting a trademark bullet header at the far post from a Pedro Lima cross
Both goals came from Gomes arriving late into the penalty area but Seabra cautions that Wolves might not see the best of him if he is used as an attacking winger in games when his side dominate possession
“But in all of the other games he played as a right back but with the line of three (centre-backs).”
Despite operating primarily as a wing-back
Gomes recorded seven goals and seven assists from 30 appearances last season
Seabra believes Estoril found a role that made the most of Gomes’s pace and work rate
“When I arrived at Estoril he was already there but what I saw in Braga was
not the best version of Rodrigo,” says the coach
but I don’t think it’s the best choice for him
“Rodrigo is really a player that needs to be outside in the corridor with the possibility to go inside or to go outside.”
Gomes has already made an impact on colleagues at Wolves with his attitude and integration into the squad
and has impressed O’Neil with his desire to improve
Seabra says the wide man makes a habit of working at maximum intensity — a state he describes as “on the red line”
“He is really focused on listening to what you want to say to him and he’s really electric
always trying to do his best and as a player
He has real speed — he’s a really fast player and I think he’s better when he plays out wide on the right or the left
He’s really technical and there are a lot of times when he can go past the opponents and he has a really good presence in the box
“The Premier League is the most difficult league in the world and he is moving after a great season at Estoril but I think he’s ready for the challenge
He’s really young but he has a lot of passion to improve and to be better
“In the Premier League he will have a lot of difficult moments that will improve him and take him to another level
“He’s always trying to help the team and he’s always trying to help the coach
you need to do that’ he was always trying to listen and to improve and to accept the things that I said because he knows that his coach and his colleagues are trying to help and improve him
“He always has a smile on his face and always has nice words for everyone
from the people in the kitchen to the people who cut the grass to his colleagues to his coaches
“It was a really good sale by Braga and really good business by Wolves
There was a lot of talk about Atletico Madrid but Wolves did really well to get him.”
(Top photo: Jack Thomas/Wolves/Getty Images)
NEW BEDFORD — Anger over a stolen blanket led to a bloody homicide in the city's South End where the victim was kicked and stomped in an area frequented by homeless people
was arraigned Wednesday in New Bedford District Court on charges of assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon - shod foot
and unarmed robbery in connection with the homicide of Stephen Oswald
Busnengo was ordered to be held without bail
she could be held without bail for up to 180 days
His body was found Tuesday morning on a bench in the Seabra Plaza
Assistant District Attorney Michael Scott said police were called to the plaza at 3:40 a.m
Tuesday on the report of an incapicitated man lying on a bench
First responders said the man had a severe scalp wound that had been bleeding
Scott said there was blood all over the area where he was found
Police followed the trail of blood through the Seabra parking lot back to an area where there is a car wash
He added the area is known to police as a site where homeless people and people living on the streets congregate
and they have moved them out of there in the past
The blood trail led police to a grated metal stairwell
They found an extremely large pool of blood under that stairwell
He said police spoke with people who congregate in the area
Scott said police were told that a woman named Nina allegedly had gotten into an argument with Stephen Oswald
Scott told the court police said she agreed to go to the station for an interview
and waived her Miranda rights at the station
She told police she leaves her belongings at the car wash
but her stuff was gone when she returned to the car wash Monday evening
She looked for it and found that Oswald had her blanket
and was sleeping with her blanket under the metal stairwell
"And she said to police she kicked him a couple of times in the head and stomped on his head and took her blanket and left," Scott said
She went back to the stairwell later in the evening to see what was up with Oswald
said told police she found him later that evening
It's not clear whether this was still Monday night or Tuesday morning
She took his cell phone to make a few calls to get a ride away from the site
She told police he was conscious at that time
"She did tell police she didn't try to hurt him
She obviously wasn't trying to kill anybody but she did admit to kicking him."
The robbery charge is in connection with taking the cell phone
Scott said it's still an open and active homicide investigation
Busnengo also has an unrelated open case with the court on charges of breaking and entering into a vehicle and receiving stolen property
said the police report didn't identify who the witnesses were or how many there were
The report also doesn't mention Busnengo being advised of her Miranda rights
He added that she "challenges" the police statement that she went willingly to the station to be interviewed
And we hope to find out what actually happened that day."
A man has died after he was found injured outside a New Bedford
New Bedford police were called to the Seabra Foods store on Rockdale Avenue around 3:40 a.m
they found the victim with an apparent head injury
The DA's office said they are investigating the death as a homicide
The victim was identified Tuesday night as 58-year-old Stephen Oswald of New Bedford
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NEW BEDFORD (WBSM) — An investigation is underway following a homicide that occurred in New Bedford’s South End early this morning
According to the Bristol County District Attorney’s Office
New Bedford Police responded at about 3:40 this morning to a report of a male with an injury at 41 Rockdale Avenue in front of Seabra Foods
The D.A.’s Office said first responders arrived and found the victim suffering from an apparent head injury
The victim was pronounced deceased by New Bedford EMS medics at 3:56 a.m
The victim’s identity was not released
The investigation is active and ongoing by Massachusetts State Police assigned to the District Attorney’s Office
New Bedford Police and Homicide Unit prosecutors
It's the third homicide in the city this month. First, 44-year-old Aaron Britto of New Bedford was shot and killed on Earle Street in the early morning hours of August 4. One person has been arrested in connection
Then on August 17, Nicholas Miller, 26, of Bridgewater was shot and killed on Acushnet Avenue
An investigation is underway following a homicide that occurred in New Bedford’s South End early this morning.\nRead More
NEW BEDFORD (WBSM) — An investigation is underway following a homicide that occurred in New Bedford’s South End early this morning
It's the third homicide in the city this month. First, 44-year-old Aaron Britto of New Bedford was shot and killed on Earle Street in the early morning hours of August 4. One person has been arrested in connection
Then on August 17, Nicholas Miller, 26, of Bridgewater was shot and killed on Acushnet Avenue
NEW BEDFORD — A Mattapoisett woman has been arrested after allegedly stomping on the head of a man who later died near a New Bedford supermarket early Tuesday morning.
Nina Busnengo, 31, was charged with assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon and unarmed robbery Aug. 20.
The charges came after a New Bedford man, Stephen Oswald, died in front of Seabra Foods at 41 Rockdale Ave. just before 4 a.m. Tuesday, according to the Bristol County District Attorney’s office.
Busnengo told investigators she kicked Oswald in the head multiple times and stomped him, upon becoming aggravated that Oswald was sleeping with her blanket behind a car wash, according to a statement of facts in support of the criminal complaint.
First responders found Oswald, 58, suffering from a head laceration, court records said.
After being located Tuesday morning, Busnengo, whose listed address is in Mattapoisett, said she stayed at the car wash — located near Seabra Foods where Oswald was found — Sunday night and left her belongings there, court records said.
Upon returning Monday evening, she said she found Oswald sleeping with her blanket and kicked him in the head twice, then took the blanket and left, according to court records.
Busnengo also later said she grabbed the blanket, became mad, stepped on Oswald’s head and stared at him, then left, court records said.
Investigators found a pool of red stains near a building adjacent to the car wash and a trail of red stains from behind the car wash to where Oswald was found by Seabra Foods, according to court records.
Oswald had his hands around his head when Busnengo kicked him and did not try to hurt her, she said according to court records.
Busnengo also said she took Oswald’s phone, according to court records.
She pleaded not guilty Aug. 21 to the charges of assault and battery with a dangerous weapon and unarmed robbery.
Busnengo was ordered to be held without bail and will have a detention hearing Thursday, Aug. 29.
The investigation into the homicide is active and ongoing, according to the Bristol County District Attorney’s office.
Data were gathered in April and May 2020 through an online questionnaire answered by 184 parents of preschool, basic, and secondary education students (ages 3–18). The present paper presents data from open questions analyzed by deductive and inductive content analysis using MaxQDA.
Volume 8 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1150076
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led educational systems worldwide to transpose activities planned for face-to-face education to mediated contexts - through what is known as Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL)
This posed unprecedented challenges to schools
it was relevant to describe and understand how parents perceived this process
including what challenges to themselves and their children they faced and what advantages they acknowledged in the process
The present study focuses on Portuguese parents’ views on this process
Methods: Data were gathered in April and May 2020 through an online questionnaire answered by 184 parents of preschool
and secondary education students (ages 3–18)
The present paper presents data from open questions analyzed by deductive and inductive content analysis using MaxQDA
Results and discussion: Results evidence three overarching themes: equity
Parents reveal substantial difficulties juggling the role of proxy educator and parent and point to inequalities - including those concerning very young children
children with disabilities or learning difficulties
students enrolled in professional education
families with insufficient access to technologies
The school is portrayed as a crucial environment for development
a designated space for learning and caretaking
but also a relational and emotional context
parents acknowledge ERTL as having positive aspects and as the possible outlet to keep education going even in extreme situations
This article will analyze how Portuguese parents faced this transition from face-to-face education to emergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL)
including the challenges they and their children faced and the potential they recognized in this process
we will present a brief analysis of the concept of ERTL and how it was implemented in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic
We will also present a brief review of studies centered on the main challenges of ERTL for parents as proxy educators
Unlike online learning, which presupposes careful instructional design and planning using a systematic model for design and development (Branch and Doussay, 2015 in Hodges et al., 2000). ERTL emerged as a quick and necessary response to a worldwide health crisis, shifting activities and curricula planned for face-to-face education, without the planning or necessary conditions, including infrastructure or teacher training (Seabra et al., 2021)
The educational response to COVID-19 was described as going through four phases (Barbour et al., 2020)
namely: Phase 1—Rapid Transition to Remote Teaching and Learning; phase 2—(Re) Adding the Basics; phase 3—Extended Transition During Continued Turmoil and phase 4—Emerging New Normal
The pandemic affected the holistic well-being of all students in a more or less profound way. However, some studies show that children and young people from families with disadvantaged socio-economic realities, children from migrant families, and children with special educational needs were/are substantially more affected (Di Pietro et al., 2020)
as the ones who have most closely experienced
the issues of inequalities and lack of equity in education during the lockdown period
this situation called for particular attention to their perspectives
the Portuguese Government ordered all schools to close (from preschool to higher education) from 16th March 2020
the Ministry of Education prepared guidelines and support measures for students
and families to transfer education to ERTL
many parents worked from home while simultaneously caring for their young children
Approximately 10 days after the schools’ closure (27th March 2020), the General Directorate of Education issued a document entitled “Guiding principles for the implementation of Distance Education at Schools” (General Directorate of Education, 2020)
presenting recommendations for the development of “distance learning.” Taking this document as a guide
each school was asked to develop its own distance learning plans
relying on schools for much of the responsibility in this response meant significant differences in response quality
In an attempt to alleviate some of these inequalities, the Portuguese Ministry of Education launched the television program “Study at home” on 20th April 2020 to enable even the most isolated students to access some educational content. Still, although the implications of the pandemic on education are still not fully known, it is sure to have affected more negatively those who live in the most vulnerable and challenging contexts (Fernandes et al., 2021
which further compromises equity in education
Mothers explained children’s lack of motivation and concentration as deriving from using digital devices—a source of entertainment and distraction—but also from relational reasons, such as not being under the authority of their teacher or being bored because of lacking social interaction with their peers, and finally for aspects related to their characteristics such as lacking discipline (Aladsani, 2022)
Studies found differing attitudes from parents toward studying from home (Pratama and Firmansyah, 2021)—some being disengaged, and some having positive or negative perspectives. A Portuguese study found that Portuguese parents were moderately satisfied with the ERTL process, and very negative perspectives were scarce (Seabra et al., 2022)
Studies have also pointed to positive aspects of this process, for example: (i) increased autonomy by the students (Delès, 2022); (ii) increased parental support for learning (Delès, 2022; Drvodelić and Domović, 2022); (iii) developing competencies such as self-regulated learning or digital socialization (Misirli and Ergulec, 2021)
We share the perspective of Delès (2022) when the author cautions that the aspects stressed as positive and or negative in various studies must be considered nuanced
as they depend greatly according to each family’s context and its specificities
we highlight that the pandemic that swept the world in 2020 had profound implications for education in Portugal as elsewhere
One of the crucial implications was an increase in inequality
particularly for students from less advantageous cultural
and social backgrounds and for students with special needs
Parents were also critically impacted by this process
and studies in contexts different from ours have shown them to be affected in several negative ways
although some positive aspects are also acknowledged
parents who worked from home could not apply for assistance from the Government to pay assistance to small children and being relieved from work
we expected to find a significant work overload among those parents
which correlates with mental health concerns
Previous studies have highlighted the immense discrepancy in experiences according to context
which calls for attention to situational aspects of the ERTL process
As we have mentioned before—social and even cultural context plays a role in how ERTL is lived
and therefore knowing contextual realities is relevant
while there are other qualitative studies of parents’ perspectives in other contexts
they do not encompass such a large number of parents from all regions of a country as in our study
believe to be contributing to closing a gap in research
We proposed to answer the following research questions: (i) What challenges did parents face during the emergency remote learning process
(ii) What challenges did they perceive their children to experience during that process
(iii) what advantages and potential gains did they acknowledge in that process
We chose to conduct a qualitative study of an exploratory and descriptive nature
Our research questions were oriented toward capturing a specific moment in time and gathering parents’ perspectives during that unique period
and victories would be done best by allowing them to express themselves freely
data analysis was primarily based on an inductive category scheme
as there were no theoretical categories to draw from—apart from the basic categories derived from our research questions
we used the data as the guide for our categorization
Data were gathered through an online questionnaire distributed through parents’ groups on social media during April and May 2020 (13th April to 14th May)—that is
very early into the first confinement and school closure due to Covid-19
as it was done soon after the confinement when very little was known about the remote learning process and how it was being lived by those directly involved
we created a data-gathering instrument based on our research questions
We assessed its trustworthiness by applying it to people in the same conditions as our prospective participants (parents of school-aged children) and using the talked reflection method
whereby participants commented on the instrument as they answered them
Three parents were interviewed during the validation stage
The questionnaire included closed questions directed at characterizing the participants’ demographic characteristics
identify the main difficulties you have experienced in this process of transition to distance education as a parent/caregiver; (ii) Please
identify what you believe have been the main constraints on the part of children/students when adapting to this process of transition to distance education; and (iii) Please identify the main potentials and positive aspects you have identified to this process
Other questions were included that are outside the scope of the present article
We used a questionnaire for the data-gathering process mainly for two reasons
the exploratory nature of the study and the diversity of perspectives that we expected would exist—of parents of different aged children
in different areas of the country—required us to try to include that possible diversity by encompassing a large number of participants
from backgrounds and contexts as diverse as possible
something that would have been unmanageable by using interviews
the very fact that we were in lockdown prevented us from going to schools and otherwise contacting parents
forcing us to resource to online communication and communities to encounter our participants
we met parents where we could find them—in parent groups on Facebook
This resulted in a group of participants formed by their voluntary adhesion to the request for participation
we intentionally sought parent groups from all regions of the country and included groups for parents of children with special educational needs
the fact that parents with higher education degrees are overrepresented in our sample may be evidence that they felt more at ease or more qualified to answer a questionnaire of this nature or even that they had more time available during such a difficult period
A qualitative approach intended to understand participants’ experiences and perceptions was used
that does not impede using some quantitative measures to better express the diversity and frequency of certain experiences
Ethical procedures were followed (AERA, 2011)
including appreciation by the ethics committee of the research center
We have organized the data presentation according to the research questions that guided the categorization process
we begin by pointing out three major themes that have overarched the data analysis and which we will focus on further at the end of this section: inequality (invisible) labor
and the meanings associated with the school
We will also highlight references to those three themes throughout the data presentation
Inequality is a theme that is not so much present as implied in the parents’ voices
Although few parents directly complain about inequality—with the possible exception of parents of children with disabilities and educational difficulties
as we will see—it is always in the background
but not limited to those: from the access to a computer per person in the household or unlimited internet connection to the existence of adequate space for learning to the different levels of dependency of different aged children to the division of the parent’s time and presence among the countless solicitations they were faced with during the ERTL process
This last aspect—parents’ time
and even level of knowledge to support their children’s education—is closely linked to the next overarching theme: labor
Labor is present in the gender differences that emerge when we find that fathers are overrepresented among those who did not feel overburdened by this process—hinting that the division of labor in the household is still often skewed toward the women/mothers in terms of caring for the children
The invisible labor of caring for the home and cooking—while also working from home
even the emotional work of dealing with the unforeseen and trying to keep some semblance of normality—all these tasks merged into the same space and time
leading to a generalized feeling of exhaustion that
and also related to the previous two themes
The home and the school are represented as two spheres that are usually relatively independent
and the school the physical place of learning—this reveals a markedly formal conception of education with limited interrelation between the school and the family
The school closures broke the boundaries between those spheres—opening possibilities for positive interplay between them
as visible in testimonies of parents who state they can finally accompany their children’s learning
but also contributing to the overburdening of parents that we previously mentioned
and the very conception of electronic devices as tools for distraction rather than for learning
are also brought about by parents who feel that their children have a hard time concentrating at home
The school is also very clearly portrayed as a place for relationships outside the family—with peers and teachers—that are greatly valued and missed
Technology sometimes appears as a bridge allowing for the continuing of education and social relationships
and sometimes as a barrier—due to limited digital competences of students
or limited autonomy in their use—which
leads to the parents’ role as a proxy educator and the overburden associated with it
We will now look in greater detail into the parents’ difficulties
as expressed in their parents’ perspectives
and the potential and gains acknowledged in the process
The first question pertained to parents’ difficulties in dealing with ERTL and was answered by 161 parents. The answers to this question were organized under three categories: Family context, School context, and No difficulties. The particular case of parents of children with disabilities or learning difficulties was also analyzed separately due to its sensitivity (Figure 1)
Frequency of documents referring to each subcategory within Parents’ difficulties
Frequency of documents referring to the subcategory Family context
within the category Parents’ Difficulties
The difficulties expressed by parents were overwhelmingly related to their home context. Having to take on a role as proxy educators (Davis et al., 2021; Drvodelić and Domović, 2022), a role many felt unprepared for or unable to fulfill due to the other responsibilities they had was the primary concern (Fontenelle-Tereshchuk, 2021)
These findings contribute to the overarching theme of labor—parents felt it as their responsibility to take on more roles—a proxy teacher
focused on supporting and motivating their children
and responsibilities that contribute to adding multiple layers of work to the job of parenting and leading to an overburden
The subcategory proxy educators included statements about assuming responsibilities as a «teacher.» Some parents voiced not being capable of facing those challenges for a lack of training or digital competencies, which aligns with the findings of Francis et al. (2022)
“I am not trained as a teacher,” or
“Difficulty with the technologies regarding access to digital platforms.”
we see how technology may sometimes be a barrier rather than a bridge
pointing to inequalities in how ERTL was lived
Others refer to the difficulty in establishing a routine and learning environment
“Especially creating a routine and sometimes acting as a «teacher»”
A frequent concern relates to promoting their children’s motivation and engagement with the learning activities—a responsibility they seem to assume as parents, which echoes the findings of Drvodelić and Domović (2022), Misirli and Ergulec (2021), and Aladsani (2022)
The children’s lack of autonomy is frequently evoked as a reason for the need to take on this role—less autonomous children require continuous support and care from their parents (Lau et al., 2021; Ribeiro et al., 2021; Uzun et al., 2021):
the students’ self-regulation is harder
Constant supervision of their work is needed.”
some parents expressed frustration with this dual role:
“They are practically demanding that parents substitute teachers
and that is not possible when you are also working.”
This frustration, and the very expression “substitute teachers,” agrees with the perspective that we chose to include in the title—parents were called to become proxy educators (Davis et al., 2021), and that situation led to high levels of anxiety, stress, and exhaustion (Deeb et al., 2022; Francis et al., 2022; May and Hoerl, 2022)
The merging of the home and school spheres and the dislocation of a significant part of the teachers’ job to the parents
particularly those of younger and less self-regulated children
led to the excessive labor we have been referring to
This leads us to the other most frequent complaint—difficulty managing time and work—not only formal work but also invisible work
or caring for younger children below preschool age
Almost 38 percent of participants expressed this difficulty in testimonies such as:
“Many hours of studying and organizing (…)
“The fact that I have a lot more work and still have all the responsibilities in supporting my children and the upkeep of the home,” and still
“inability to accompany my children because I am working from home many hours above my normal schedule.”
Juggling responsibilities of caring for one or multiple children, frequently working from home and having to maintain the living environment clean and safe and meals ready was a heavy toll, which is also in agreement with previous studies (Parczewska, 2021)
Emotional management was mentioned with several nuances—guilt for not being able to support their children as much as necessary
problems in the parent–child relationship caused by the role as a proxy educator
and lack of outlets for frustration due to confinement
“Fear that they will fail school [because I cannot help them more],”
These negative feelings may be indicators of lower parental well-being (Calvano et al., 2021) and mental health (Achterberg et al., 2021; Deeb et al., 2022)
These findings support the overarching theme of labor
and the multiple layers added to the parents’ everyday routines
Less frequent but still relevant concerns were organized in the subcategory Resource management
Most activities have to be done on the mobile phone
which makes access and visualization of certain documents and the timely answer to online tasks even harder”
“Managing spaces so everyone in the family can have their own space and work conditions.”
The same is true for the subcategory Conditions of family life
“I became totally conditioned by the schedules of online classes—not just because of respecting those schedules
the classes are heard throughout the house.”
These complaints uncover practical difficulties that some participants had to deal with and others did not
The school has a vital role in promoting social equity
all students have access to the same basic conditions—the same teachers
Although that fundamental level of equality is not enough to ensure equity
these responses also point out one of the meanings of the school—that of a social equalizer
Frequency of documents referring to the subcategory School context
Work overload or lack of coordination includes mentions of excessive work requirements on the part of teachers and a lack of coordination among teachers of different subjects
“There was an overload of tasks for my children
It is very complicated to manage all this overload of work required by all the subjects
There hasn’t been much common sense in managing this kind of teaching
so it doesn’t become so overwhelming.”
This is coherent with the stages of ERTL (Barbour et al., 2020; Bozkurt and Sharma, 2020)—in the initial stage of ERTL portrayed in this study, many schools were likely still struggling to keep education going, despite the dire circumstances (Reimers and Schleicher, 2020)
There were also some complaints about parent-teacher communication
“Little direct articulation with parents
The end-of-term meetings could have been held using the same resources used to communicate with the students.”
“There is no support from 85% of teachers”
Insufficient communication between teachers and students was mentioned
“Feeble interaction of teachers with the students.”
The theme of the meaning of the school is at play here
A lack of human interaction between teachers and students, as well as insufficient cognitive and social presence, were also reported as limitations in other studies (Ferri et al., 2020)
These may relate to the following concern pertaining teachers’ digital competences
and we add teachers’ pedagogical competences related to the implementation of distance learning
Also infrequent were references to the lack of digital competencies by the teachers
“Some teachers are not familiarized with the technologies and are still adjusting to synchronous classes.”
The crucial importance of teachers’ digital competences also became evident as a limitation in a Portuguese study with teachers (Seabra et al., n.d.), and a study in the Basque Country (Portillo et al., 2020) stressed insufficient digital competences as the most significant difficulty expressed by teachers and educators during the ERTL period
it is unsurprising that some parents faced difficulties pertaining to this aspect
and particularly the place of technology as a tool for learning—at home
as well as at school—is present in these concerns
Despite the frequent difficulties expressed by many parents
10 parents stated not having felt any difficulties with this process
we were interested in trying to find similar characteristics among them and see if there were possible patterns at play
Older children are usually more independent and can manage their own learning with less assistance from their parents
present in this absence of difficulties through the lens of gender
Nine of these ten parents were living with another caregiver
which may lead to a better division of tasks and more support
Another specific case was parents of children with disabilities or learning difficulties
Although they were few in the present sample
their difficulties were related to the specific needs of their children
The small number of answers in this sense does not allow any broader inferences to be made
but we are compelled to stress that this group of parents seems to have been particularly affected by the ERTL period
One parent stated their most significant difficulty was “the fact that he has special needs
but everything is the same as for his classmates.” Another parent claims to have not had support from the school
the fourth parent considers their special needs daughter would require more constant support than was received
Other studies have revealed the unsuitability of ERTL for children with disabilities or learning difficulties (Misirli and Ergulec, 2021). Families with children with learning difficulties or disabilities are among the most vulnerable to being left behind during a crisis of this nature (Averett, 2021; Kouroupa et al., 2022; Rababah et al., 2022)
We contend that they should also be at the forefront of the current efforts to recover learning and support parents’ mental health
the more they require hands-on and constant supervision from their parents
contributing to increased labor involved in parenting
In the cases of children with special needs
That contributes to an extreme case where parents are not only teachers by proxy but also special educators
or personal assistants by proxy all day long
This is not the case for all children with disabilities—many are just as self-reliant as any other child the same age and can sometimes even benefit from the extensive use of educational technology
The added difficulties experienced by these parents
include aspects related to all three overarching themes: they are an extreme case of lack of equity since equal treatment means insufficient care in their case; they are an extreme case of overburden and added parenting labor since even more roles can be at play; and they shed light into the caregiving role of the school
Frequency of documents referring to each subcategory within Children’s constraints
We begin by remarking that the fact that we asked parents about their own and their children’s difficulties is not rooted in a deficit perspective (Baquedano-López et al., 2013; Leo and Wilcox, 2020)
We view parents—from all backgrounds—as active participants in their children’s development and learning
acknowledging and identifying the difficulties they claim to have experienced in this situation—in their own words—is a necessary step toward informing policy and practice to overcome those difficulties better and provide them with the necessary resources
Although some parents attributed their children’s difficulties to their individual characteristics—somehow assimilating a deficit perspective themselves——we
We also note that those same individual characteristics that were challenged while faced with unprecedented demands of learning from home were also identified as having been developed during the experience
The children’s and students’ characteristics were frequently mentioned as constraints in adapting to their living situations
Motivation and concentration were frequently stressed as difficulties (32 segments from 32 documents)
“More sources of distraction at home,” or
“Difficulty concentrating in an environment that—until schools closed—was for leisure and rest.”
These comments align with the overall vision of the home and school as separate realms and learning being closely linked to the schools’ physical space
The same is true for students’ lack of autonomy (by 18 parents):
“Children’s capacity for self-regulation because they are still small.”
Also frequent are mentions of the children’s digital competences (23 segments from 23 documents)
“Using platforms without previous knowledge.”
The fact that specific characteristics of the children—including lower autonomy—which is related to the children’s age and how well they read and interpret written texts
but also to their levels of digital competence—have a relevant impact on how much extra labor is required of parents
place the onus of that burden on the children’s characteristics rather than on the circumstances that required them to take on those roles
Routines and habits—including study habits—were also challenged by the transition to ERTL (20 segments from 20 documents)
Adapting to new routines as a source of stress is also mentioned in studies (Freisthler et al., 2021; Pattnaik and Jalongo, 2021; Ribeiro et al., 2021)
shyness (not speaking up during online classes)
were also referred to (13 segments from 13 documents)
The pandemic and lockdowns impacted children and youth’s well-being and mental health (Villanti et al., 2022; Landman et al., 2023)
which may have been reflected in the concerns voiced by the parents in our study
not only due to the time spent learning on digital screens but also to leisure on screens
was referred to as another limitation (11 segments from 11 documents)
“Too much time in front of screens—computer and television.”
two parents mentioned the lack of access to physical or artistic activity
An excessive amount of screen time (Carroll et al., 2020; Mangiavacchi et al., 2021), and lack of physical activity (Pattnaik and Jalongo, 2021; Merce et al., 2023) have also been reported by others. These factors may also be involved in children’s and youth’s well-being. All these factors contribute to parents’ emotional labor (Figure 5)
Frequency of documents referring to the subcategory Personal limitations within the category Children’s constraints
One hundred parents (116 coded text segments) referred to limitations connected to the school context (or lack thereof)
This includes the most frequently pointed out constraint to their children—lack of social interaction with peers and teachers (47 segments from 45 documents)
“absence of physical contact with teachers and peers” or
“school recesses make a lot of difference.”
The significance of the school emerges in this prevalent concern as crucial for the children’s development and their relationships
The two following constraints are more directly related to teachers’ work
difficulties learning and lack of teacher support (30 segments from 30 documents)
“Lack of quality of the synchronous moments,” or
“They feel like they are working with an insufficient support network
they complain a certain teacher hasn’t understood that distance learning is not the same as face-to-face education”
Excessive or disorganized work (28 segments from 27 documents)—which was also mentioned as one of the parents’ difficulties—is a prevalent concern
having four or five hours of synchronous sessions daily,” or
“Not being able to manage the enormous amount of information they receive daily
This disorganization that may stem from the stage of ERTL when data were gathered is another factor weighing on parents’ labor
Organizing and managing a certain level of chaos
and filtering information for their children (another way of invisible labor)
may have been added to their roles as proxy educators
Tachers’ digital competences (1 segment from 1 document)
also mentioned as a hindrance to the parents themselves
also emerged when considering their children’s difficulties:
“older teachers’ difficulty in dealing with technology.”
These issues related to teachers’ knowledge of digital pedagogy and digital skills were also reported elsewhere (Portillo et al., 2020; Sofianidis et al., 2021; Seabra et al., n.d.)
which is closely related to the previous category—feelings of lack of time to face the number of tasks they are presented with (6 segments from 6 documents)
“Lack of time to consolidate learning
lack of time for family and for themselves,”
doubts concerning evaluation and assessment (2 segments from 2 documents)
“not understanding how they will be assessed,”
And bad behavior on the part of the students (2 segments
“bothering and distracting those who want to learn.”
It is possible that the children themselves may have taken on at least some of the emotional labor of ERTL, expressed in this lack of time, uncertainty, and even acting out (Figure 6)
within the category Children’s constraints
Although less frequently than the previous subcategories
constraints related to the family and home context were also mentioned (40 segments from 36 documents)
The most frequent of these constraints relate to the study environment (20 segments from 20 documents)
“understanding they are not on vacation,”
“surrounding distractions,” or
If previously we have highlighted parents’ understanding of the school as a place of socialization
we now focus on the school building as a designated space for learning—and a conception of learning that is deeply linked to that space
making the home a place for learning and overcoming distractions may be concerning for many
the issues of concentration and self-regulation intertwine with this dimension
The overarching theme at play here is the meaning of school
Even though the sample is skewed toward parents with access to technology
and the respondents’ characteristics point to a relatively socially advantaged group of parents
15 parents (15 segments) referred to problems related to resources
primarily due to having to share a computer among more than one child and parents working from home or problems with internet stability
because activities are very hard to do on a mobile phone” or
“synchronous sessions don’t work because of the lack of internet [access].”
This was also reported in other studies (Agaton and Cueto, 2021; Sofianidis et al., 2021)
five parents referred to limitations in parental availability and support
“lack of availability and knowledge
Frequency of documents referring to the subcategory Family/home context
Similarly to what concerns parents’ difficulties
10 parents stated that their children had no difficulties in this process when describing their children’s constraints
Only two of these had also considered that they
Four of these parents had children of preschool age, three had children in the 1st CBE, four in the 3rd CBE, and 3 had children in secondary education. No parents of children in the 2nd CBE were represented in this small group, again pointing at this stage of Portuguese education as requiring particular care in the aftermath of ERTL (Seabra et al., 2022)
The parents of younger children seem to feel that ERTL was particularly hard on them
as it required more hands-on and constant attention to their still very dependent children
but that does not necessarily mean that they feel it was harder for their children as well
all three overarching themes are represented in this analysis of who fared better during ERTL—social
and gender equity; distribution of parental labor
particularly concerning the younger children; and the role of the school as an equalizer and a place for caregiving
that usually relives parents of part of these tasks
allowing them to compartmentalize each area of work and better manage their time
Frequency of documents referring to each subcategory within Potential and gains
The most frequent gain or potentials identified by parents to ERTL relates to their children’s autonomy (33 coded segments from 33 documents)
“This kind of teaching promotes the student doing their own research and their autonomy,” or
“Greater autonomy and responsibility on the part of the children.”
Also frequent were references to gains in terms of digital competences by the part of students (28 segments from 28 documents)—as we will see
digital competences were also recognized as a gain to teachers and parents
although less frequently—for example
“He is enjoying developing his autonomy in the digital world” or
“for my older children (seventh and ninth years of schooling)
it seems this has been an opportunity to look at technology as something with other potentials that is not only good for gaming.”
Other competences were also referred to as having been developed (16 segments
namely soft skills and everyday competences
“It has been a time of great practical learning for him
Also mentioned were: adaptation to new circumstances
Increased motivation or concentration (eight references from eight documents)
“more pleasure learning this way,”
“curiosity due to the novelty of the situation,” or
“they have fewer sources of distraction.”
time management (five segments from five documents) was also referred to as a skill developed by this process
As mentioned before, others have also pointed to positive aspects of ERTL, including the development of autonomy by the students (Delès, 2022), self-regulated learning, and digital socialization (Misirli and Ergulec, 2021)
All these competences that seem to have been developed have also emerged as students’ factors that impede ERTL—competences and attributes such as self-regulation
or digital competences were heavily required by this learning experience
That means that some children may have been better equipped to face ERTL and even gain from it
while others who lacked those competences fell behind
not only concerning students’ competences
but also the opportunities provided to them
That inequality of opportunities emerges when we analyze the contrasting discourses together
They highlight the unevenness of the school response and the conditions of each household to meet the challenges
Less frequently, keeping a sense of normality amidst this turbulent period was referred to as a gain by six parents. Three parents mentioned the prevention of COVID-19 as a gain (Figure 9)
Frequency of documents referring to the subcategory Student
Sixty-six parents (76 coded segments) acknowledged some gain or potential related to the school context
The most prevalent gain acknowledged in this category is New methods (23 segments from 23 documents)
including an opportunity to include technology in education and diversify the materials used for learning—for example:
understanding distance learning is not easy and does not require lesser standards,”
“New ways of communication and learning” or
“accessing more information and in a more creative way.”
Closely related to this subcategory is the subcategory Learning (19 segments from 19 documents)
related to the possibility of continuing learning despite the circumstances or learning differently
“Greater opportunity to develop learning in a non-formal environment,”
“Keeping the educational process going” or
“efficacy in developing tasks and objectives
clarity in what is asked of the students and deadlines.”
The teachers’ role was also recognized by some parents (12 references from 12 documents)
“Teachers’ full availability,”
“The teacher’s response and motivation,” or
“The teachers’ efforts so that the student can learn
I value the teacher’s and educator’s work a lot more.”
Teachers themselves have reported a relevant increase in their workloads and, in some cases, a better and closer relationship with parents (Seabra et al., n.d.)
Less frequently mentioned were gains in terms of technology (4 references from 4 documents)
including greater flexibility or focus on formative evaluation (3 references from 3 documents)
and in terms of teachers’ digital competences
The theme of inequality in the quality of the educational response provided is again underlying these contrasts
Keeping contact (13 references from 13 documents) with teachers and peers was also recognized as a gain of ERTL
“Not losing contact with colleagues and teachers” or
“a closer relationship with some teachers.”
Frequency of documents referring to the subcategory School Context
Thirty-one parents (35 segments) recognized some gain to themselves arising from this experience
The most frequent gain they acknowledged was related to their involvement with their children’s education (17 segments from 17 documents)
allowing parents to better accompany what is being taught,” or
“I can fully accompany my children’s learning
technology is expressed as a bridge between the spheres of the home and the school
which had negative consequences regarding parents’ labor
is something schools and parents may wish to explore in the post-pandemic present
Twelve parents (12 segments) referred to spending more time as a family
“More time to be with family,”
“The time spent with my son.”
Others also mentioned better parent–child and parent-school relationships (Liu et al., 2021; Uzun et al., 2021; Vaterlaus et al., 2021)—although acknowledging this is not universal
This is the diametral opposite of the excessive labor many parents expressed
and another manifestation of how diverse the parental experiences of ERTL were
There were also mentions of convenience (five segments from five documents) and a gain in digital competence (one parent; Figure 11)
Frequency of documents referring to the subcategory Parents
the issues of equity and labor are evident
possibly leading to a decrease in these concerns
equity is essential to any educational system and should remain a concern in years to come
Schools’ closures seem to have forced two relatively independent areas of children’s and parents’ lives to merge almost entirely—in space and time
brought about a relevant increase of the layers of parental labor
brought light to the significance of school
A school is a physical place that allows all to access similar resources
School is a network of professional and personal relationships
School is the designated place for learning and caretaking (particularly for younger children or children with disabilities)
Parents and teachers have been used to relatively separate and defined roles
all of which were abruptly put in question
The assumption of the role of proxy educator had consequences in terms of children’s learning—considering the differing levels of availability
it was another factor leading to inequality—and in terms of parents’ multiple labors
leading to a feeling of being overburdened and not having enough time
we conclude that these three themes are deeply intertwined
in a study where problems and limitations were often at the center of discourses
resilience and the capacity to find potential and gains even in a challenging process emerge as an underlying current of thought
The vast majority of the parents were able to find some silver lining in the situation and were involved in their children’s education
which we acknowledge and consider when reflecting on the results
the fact that the participant sample—a convenience sample—was obtained online likely skews the sample toward more technology-aware and economically well-off parents
the participants’ characterization reveals a predominance of parents with higher education degrees and relatively older parents
we are aware that any difficulties the participants express
particularly concerning access to technology and knowledge of how to accompany their children’s learning
are likely to be far less expressive than those felt in the general population
We are likely to portray a relatively mild perspective of the difficulties encountered by parents and
this exploratory study has some relevant contributions to the understanding of the ERTL process in Portugal from the perspective of parents of children of diverse ages
encompassing preschool to secondary school—data were gathered soon after the schools’ closure
capturing a glimpse into the initial stages of the process
a large number of parents (for a qualitative study) from all over the country expressed their perceptions in their own words
allowing them to point out what they felt were the essential aspects of ERTL rather than when the researchers might expect those aspects to be
we used a questionnaire as a data-gathering instrument
Although in-depth interviews might have provided a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the experiences of participants
they would not have been possible to carry out with such a large number and variety of parents and would have been very challenging to organize during a period when both researchers and parents were confined to their homes
we believe the balance between using a relatively unstructured data-gathering instrument and being able to access a large number of participants ultimately paid off
Parents’ perspectives are relatively underrepresented in the growing literature about ERTL (Seabra et al., 2021). They were, however, indispensable partners in the educational process, particularly concerning younger children, having been called to take on a role as proxy educators (Davis et al., 2021)
we sought to characterize parents’ perspectives on (i) their difficulties with ERTL
(ii) their children’s challenges with the process
and (iii) the potential and gains arising from ERTL
We will now address each of these objectives
We came across other realizations related to the overarching and intertwined themes of equity
to some extent—is one of the key reflections we take from the parents’ testimonies and warrants special care to policymakers in the present moment of returning to relative normality
and therefore not interacting with peers and teachers
is the most prevalent limitation acknowledged by the respondents
Issues related to learning and correlated issues associated with teaching—namely work overload and disorganization—also stand out as very relevant
The characteristics of children that require a more permanent and hands-on commitment to the role of proxy educators are related to an increase in parental labor
This labor includes direct educational support
such as filtering and organizing information
and invisible labor related to caring for the household
These aspects still seem to be riddled with gender biases
These difficulties are also associated with children’s mental discomfort in the parents’ discourse
The home/family context is mentioned primarily in relation to the study environment
Studying in a context that is usually devoted to leisure and which is sometimes seen as having more distractions is seen as difficult by some parents
A smaller number of parents refer to a lack of resources at home—which is nevertheless relevant because
the respondents of our study were a relatively advantaged group of parents
The general population of parents and students may have struggled significantly more with this issue
The role of the school as a social equalizer and the separate nature of the home and the school are apparent in these discourses as well as the social and economic aspects of equity
The concluding remarks of our article stress the pertinence of providing support to parents
particularly those of younger children (k-6th grade)
as a route to preventing mental health concerns and promoting positive educational outcomes for their children
in emergency situations leading to school closures
We also call attention to the need to follow up on the ‘new normal’ situation to assess the impact of this experience
not only in terms of equity and learning but also in terms of the eventual maintenance of the potential gains that this experience could have promoted
and the closer relationship between parents and their children’s education
» compensation measures are being implemented to reduce these inequalities
This study reveals some target groups that should be cared for and supported—we highlight children with disabilities or learning difficulties
children whose parents were working from home during the lockdown
children with less advantaged family backgrounds
It also points out the importance of caring for mental health and considering the parents of small children (until the second cycle of basic education) and children themselves as priority targets of such care
The potential of using technology to ensure pedagogical and curricular differentiation
to reach students who may be less participative in a classroom context
and even to promote parents’ involvement in their children’s education—not as proxy educators
but as parents—has been uncovered and we would be wise to learn from this experience and expand it
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki
and approved by the Ethics Committee of the LE@D (Laboratório de Educação e Ensino a Distância
The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study
and LA: writing—original draft preparation and writing—review and editing
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
This research was financed by national funds through FCT—Fundação Para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
through the projects UIDB/04372/2020 and UIDP/04372/2020
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Keywords: emergency remote teaching and learning
Aires L and Teixeira AM (2023) Educators by proxy: Emergency remote teaching and learning in the voice of parents
Received: 23 January 2023; Accepted: 24 March 2023; Published: 13 April 2023
Copyright © 2023 Seabra, Abelha, Aires and Teixeira. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Filipa Seabra, RmlsaXBhLlNlYWJyYUB1YWIucHQ=
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If you think New Jersey is all about pizza and bagels
The Garden State is also home to some of the freshest seafood you can imagine
and the crown for the best seafood restaurant in the state has been awarded to the fabulous Seabra Marisqueira in Newark
That’s right -- this gem is not at the Jersey Shore
but it’s definitely making waves in the culinary scene
New Jersey is truly spoiled when it comes to seafood
we’re never far from the catch of the day
which means dining on fresh fish is a year-round treat
While summer at the Shore may have us dreaming of crab cakes and clam chowder
let’s not forget that amazing seafood is just as plentiful in the colder months
The food aficionados over at Eat This, Not That have recognized Seabra Marisqueira as the best seafood restaurant in New Jersey
and they’ve got the credentials to back it up
This family-owned establishment has been serving up mouthwatering Portuguese dishes since the late 1980s
and it’s clear they know their seafood
From savory grilled octopus to delectable bacalhau à Brás (codfish)
this place is a seafood lover’s paradise
whether you’re a lifelong Jersey resident or just passing through
make sure to swing by Seabra Marisqueira at 87 Madison St
This isn’t just a meal; it’s a culinary experience that should absolutely be on your New Jersey restaurant bucket list
Get ready to indulge in flavors that’ll make your taste buds dance
Explore Seabra Marisqueira, Newark’s best seafood restaurant, renowned for its fresh Portuguese dishes and celebrated by Eat This, Not That as a must-visit culinary destination in New Jersey.\nRead More
The food aficionados over at Eat This, Not That have recognized Seabra Marisqueira as the best seafood restaurant in New Jersey
Authorities are investigating the murder of a man who was found dead outside a New Bedford supermarket early Tuesday morning.
New Bedford police responded around 3:40 a.m
to a 911 call reporting a man with an injury in front of Seabra Foods at 41 Rockdale Avenue
the Bristol County District Attorney’s office said in a statement
first responders found a man suffering from what appeared to be a head injury
He was pronounced dead by medics at 3:56 a.m.
“The investigation into this homicide is active and ongoing,” the DA’s office said
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FRAMINGHAM — Seabra Foods
a small supermarket chain that specializes in importing foods and brands found in Brazil
Mexico and other Central and South American countries
is seeking to open a store in the heart of the downtown
The 16-store chain, which is based in Newark, New Jersey, already has a store in Framingham, at a plaza on 208 Waverly St. But that property is targeted for demolition
as there is currently a proposed project before the Planning Board that would turn that shopping plaza into a mixed-use building
Seabra Foods is seeking a Tax Increment Finance (TIF) agreement with the city in order to bring a supermarket to 35 Concord St
the supermarket will build a new location at the site
while paying a reduced amount in property taxes for a period of time as an incentive for investing in the downtown
224 apartment units: Mixed-use proposal for Waverly Street is before Planning Board
The agreement calls for Seabra to purchase the Concord Street property from its current owner for $3.5 million
then renovate the site to accommodate the new grocery store
Seabra is also seeking seed money from the city to help the business get started
New Seabra store would encompass 23,000 square feetThe new Seabra location on Concord Street would cover 23,000 square feet, nearly three times that of its existing store on Waverly Street. Since 2018, the space at 35 Concord St. is owned by Kabookie, LLC, whose registered agent is Vaios Theodorakos
Seabra Foods' products match the demographics of neighborhoods surrounding downtown Framingham
The new store's central location will make it accessible for many residents who don't drive
including those who use public transportation
The site will also have its own parking lot
A public hearing about the proposed TIF was held Wednesday during a City Council meeting
'Resources and autonomy': Framingham officials working with U.S. Rep. Clark to enhance local grant funding
"I think this is a great example when you propose a TIF in the right circumstances, it is an absolute win for the community," District 4 City Councilor Michael Cannon said during the public hearing
"Right now this property is worth on paper
the team is expecting the property to be worth about $10 million
We have long articulated a need for having a grocery store downtown
(and) this fulfills that need quite well."
District 6 City Councilor Phil Ottaviani
added that the deal was a "no-brainer" for Framingham
The council voted unanimously to authorize Mayor Charlie Sisitsky to enter into negotiations with Seabra for a TIF agreement
including the length and rate of tax exemption
will be determined through those negotiations
A final TIF agreement will then be brought back to the council for a vote
Seabra officials told the city that it expects to be able to open its new location about one year after any TIF agreement is signed
Seabra Foods operates Massachusetts stores in Attleboro
The Hindenburg was the Titanic of zeppelins
It was an elegant airship with fine dining
It was the fastest way to cross the Atlantic Ocean
until it burst into flames as it tried to land on May 6
it was hard to believe that 62 passengers and crew survived the burning wreckage
The disaster ended the zeppelin as a means of passenger transportation
probably because it was captured on film and became a movie theater newsreel
the humanity,” was heard later that night on WLS
it was synched to the film footage and made into a newsreel
The catastrophe wasn’t the first or worst for a zeppelin
The USS Akron crashed off the coast of New Jersey in 1933
A British zeppelin accident killed thirty-eight people in 1930
Anson Seabra wrote song of the day “Hindenburg Lover.” He must be a history buff to know about the Hindenburg disaster since he is only 27
He quit his job as a computer engineer to pursue music
Seabra is one of the young singer-songwriters who built his audience through social media
The Hindenburg disaster is his metaphor for a relationship that was flying high
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NJ — Where previous mainstream operators have failed in this neighborhood
Seabra Foods BB #:288147 has found its niche serving ethnic communities
NEWARK, NJ — Where previous mainstream operators have failed in this neighborhood, Seabra Foods BB #:288147 has found its niche serving ethnic communities
We visited this store in Newark on the New York Produce Show tour
and it was easy to see which community it was serving
because there weren’t very many employees to be found
because Portugal was playing a World Cup soccer match while we were in the store — winning
based on the cheers coming from the seating area on the mezzanine
Perishables are the backbone of Seabra Foods’ business
Produce share of sales for the stores approaches 20% of the business for the company for some of its best performing stores
While Seabra has a background in serving the Portuguese and Brazilian communities
the company continues to cater its offerings to other groups
and we’re very good at it,” Brito said
Pamela Riemenschneider is the Retail Editor for Blue Book Services
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a leading grocery wholesaler announces the appointment of David Politz as its new President and CEO
Instacart announced its acquisition of Wynshop
a provider of e-commerce solutions for leading grocers and retailers
The GIANT Company released its fourth annual community impact report
highlighting its 2024 corporate social responsibility initiatives
Brookshire Grocery Company is excited to announce our company’s new Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer leaders
People need better motivation to eat and serve more fruits and vegetables
NGA sent a letter to FTC Chair Andrew Ferguson calling for close monitoring and enforcement action in response to tariffs on imported goods
Soalheiro / Luis Seabra Vinhos / Quinta de Curvos
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Anson Seabra explores failed love and breaking out of the cycle of familiarity on emotive single
‘Last Time’.Anson Seabra‘s ‘Last Time’ sees an evocative piano melody accompany his honest lyricism and plaintive vocal
predominately led by a softly spoken and reflective conversational tone
Seabra has a beautiful ear for restrained melodies
sorrowful and stirring account of codependency and trying to walk away from a faded love
but instead getting caught up in a dysfunctional cycle of separation and reconciliation
A touching track executed with soul and style
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Clements’ Marketplace is coming to Bristol
The popular family-owned grocery store – which runs a flagship store in Portsmouth and a market in Plymouth
Massachusetts – will take over the locale currently held by Seabra Foods at 1150 Hope St
Matthew Ponte, head of marketing and communications for Clements’ Marketplace, said that the grocery store took an interest in the new location when news broke that Seabra Foods was planning to sell
“We have long thought the Bristol community would be a perfect fit for the Clements' shopping experience
We have many customers that cross the bridge to our Portsmouth location
so bringing a store right to the community has always been an interest,” Ponte said
Ponte said the new location will have many of the amenities and goods offered at the other locations
And he confirmed that Clements’ Marketplace plans to stock the Portuguese goods that Seabra Foods was known for
“We’ve been assessing many of the popular items in this category and plan to keep them,” Ponte said
News of Seabra Foods’ closure was abrupt for the store’s employees. They found out March 4, about a month before the store closed, according to EastBayRI
Ponte said that many of the employees who were not transferred within the Seabra Foods’ company interviewed and accepted positions at the new Clements’ Marketplace
Renovations at the new store began in early April
and an opening date will be announced soon
Portugal's Duarte Seabra astride Dourados 2 celebrates after winning the CSI4* Grand Prix title. The podium winners of the event were honoured by Doha International Tour Organizing Committee Chairman Rashid Nasser Al Kaabi, Secretary-General of Qatar Equestrian Federation and Organizing Committee Member Sheikh Ahmed bin Noah Al Thani.
DOHA: Duarte Seabra of Portugal surprised a top field to claim the CSI4* Grand Prix title while Qatari riders excelled in the CSI2* and Future Riders’ category at the Longines outdoor and indoor areans of Al Shaqab on the third and final day of the second round of Doha International Equestrian Tour 2025 yesterday.
As many as six different classes for the CSI1*, two-star and four-star categories, in addition to a round for the Future Riders were staged as the second round of the Tour witnessed more than 320 participations by local and international riders, with total prizes amounting to more than €500,000.
The marquee CSI4*- Grand Prix - Jump Off - 1.55m (LR) - Art. 238.2.2 class which added to the glorious lit up Longines outdoor arena of Al Shaqab threw up a surprise winner in Seabra. The Portuguese excelled on Dourados 2, a grey gelding, to beat a challenging competition with a swift flawless time of 39.03 seconds in the jump-off for the top prize of €50,000.
The in-form Gerfried Puck of Austria had to settle for the second place with a time of 39.75 seconds on the back chestnut stallion Equitron Naxcel V. Puck won €40,000. German rider Jan Friedrich Meier-Zimmermann came in third place, achieving 38.97 seconds on the back of Iron Dames Dubai du Cedre.
The international CSI4*- Faults & Time - 1.45m (LR) - Art. 238.2.1 class had Emanuele Gaudiano taking two podium places. The Italian, riding bay stallion Nikolaj de Music, emerged as the winner in flawless 50.84 seconds, and with darkbay stallion Vasco 118 took the third podium spot finishing in 52.78 seconds. Portuguese Mariano Martinez Bastida, on bay gelding Belano Vd Wijnhoeve Z, was second finishing in 52.28 seconds.
Meanwhile, Puck bagged the CSI2* - Grand Prix - Jump Off - 1.45m (LR) - Art. 238.2.2 title despite fierce competition. The Austrian stood out on bay mare Equitron Melody Vd Smidshoeve flawless best jump off time of 33.76 seconds. Seabra on bay mare Geniale Star Kervec finished as the runners-up, clocking 35.37 seconds. The third podium place was claimed by Italian Roberto Previtali with a time of 37.08 seconds on chestnut stallion Qashquai SB.
Qatari rider Hussain Said AM Haidan excelled in the international CSI2* - Faults & Time - 1.35m - Art. 238.2.1 class as he rode Viahipi d’Auzay, a chestnut gelding, impressively to claim the title with a clear round of 52.06 seconds. Saudi Arabia’s Bader Alfard, on grey mare Hw Cosette, was the runners-up with a time of 53.5 seconds on Cosette, while Frenchman Antoine Ermann on bay stallion Je T’Adore finished third place with a time of 56.41 seconds.
The international CSI1*- Grand Prix - Jump Off - 1.25m - Art. 238.2.2 class was won by Abdulaziz Fahad Aleid of Saudi Arabia, who combined with bay gelding Kayenne Of de Rocky Mounten to return the best flawless time of 35.86 seconds in the jump-off. His compatriot Khaled Alhady, riding chestnut gelding Doremi du Flot Z, was second in 36.07 seconds, while Qatar’s promising rider Haya Khalid Al Hitmi rode Hustique, a lightbay mare, with poise to clock 37.86 seconds for the third podium place.
The CSI1* - Immediate Jump Off - 1.15m - Art. 238.2.2 + 245.3 event was won by Moroccan Achraf Oualla, who astride bay gelding Diamant D Amour, topped with a time of 31.46 seconds. His compatriot Omar Qermane on darkbrown mare Filerna followed in 32.99 seconds, while Qatar’s Hamad Nasser Al Qadi claimed the third podium place, riding bay mare No Limit MB and clocking 33.97 seconds.
Earlier, the National Competition - Optimum Time – 100cm class at the Longines indoor arena of Al Shaqab saw Nayla bint Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani show her class as she guided Bon Suela with determination to return the best flawless time of 67.23 seconds, 0.23 seconds behind the ideal time and claim the title.
Nayla was followed by Khalifa bin Joaan bin Hamad Al Thani, 0.41 seconds behind the ideal time, riding Zion II, while the third best time was achieved by Egyptian rider Yassin Mohamed Khalifa on Fanta Sparta, 0.91 seconds behind the ideal time.
Like many other international students receiving their diplomas this year
I had quite a few plans in the works for after graduation
I officially finished my MBA at the Kellogg School of Management
My parents and my sister were set to fly out to Chicago that week before embarking on a family trip to Florida
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Anson Seabra’s new song ‘Trying My Best’ is a soft
candid ballad that has the singer-songwriter go down a path of self-evaluation and thoughtful acceptance whilst functioning as a delicate
whereas Seabra delivers the lyrics in a spoken-word fashion----the structure being conveyed like a poem or a speech
It instills a spirit of honesty and self-awareness
something Seabra’s feathery voice achieves in strides
the listeners already know his range of capabilities
including his inclination to delve into heavier themes as an outlet of expression
‘Trying My Best’ takes those points of honesty up a notch as the singer examines the challenges of overcoming pain
Seabra asserts his efforts at ‘trying [his] best to be okay’
this refrain acting as a form of self-acceptance for millions struggling with mental health issues around the world
The track is powered by sharp piano chords
but they never get too loud or overwhelming as to obscure the pure smoothness of Seabra’s vocals
A note must be made of the production; it is minimal but powerful
something that has been observed in many of the tracks in Seabra’s discography.
trying to find myself while staying authentic
and most of all just trying to write really great songs that people will enjoy listening to….I’m terribly excited at what comes next
but I think with the right team behind me and a little bit of luck I’ll be well on my way.” Anson Seabra has been at the music game for just over a few years now
but his ability at connecting with his fans over the relatable themes in his music is already signaling a career buoyed by humbleness and maturity.
The new video below has recently been released on Youtube
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Both men were from Portugal visiting New York City in late 2010
Castro was found bludgeoned and castrated on the floor of their hotel room
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believing he could "harness the power" of the man's severed testicles
a defense lawyer said at the start of the murder trial on Friday.Renato Seabra
has been charged with second degree murder for the killing of 65-year-old Carlos Castro in the room they were sharing at the Intercontinental Hotel near Times Square in January 2011.Prosecutors told the jury that Seabra knew what he was doing when he choked Castro and stamped on his head
bludgeoned him with a computer monitor and mutilated his genitals with a corkscrew.They charged that Seabra was enraged over the ending of their relationship.Seabra's lawyers do not dispute that Seabra killed Castro
but they say their client experienced a "psychotic episode" and that the jury should find that he was not legally responsible by reason of insanity."In the case of Renato Seabra
crazy really means crazy," Rubin Sinins
told the jury at the criminal court in Manhattan
"This case is about mental illness."Sinins added that Seabra was diagnosed that night at Bellevue Hospital in New York with mania and bipolar disorder
a diagnosis that was affirmed by other doctors
including at the jail where he is being held without bail.Sinins told the jury that Seabra believed he was on a mission from God and that the castration was a sort of exorcism."He told the police they were the demons and that by pulling them out
everything will be right with the world," Sinins said.He added that his client told the police he believed that by "putting the testicles on each wrist he could harness the power of Carlos Castro's testicles
dressed in a tight white shirt and black pants
wore a headset in court and listened impassively to his lawyer through a Portuguese interpreter.Maxine Rosenthal
told the jury that Seabra showed no symptoms of mental illness before the crime
describing an ambitious young man hungry for fame and money who saw Castro as "a means to an end."The two men met after Castro contacted Seabra on Facebook and began a relationship in which Castro would buy the young model and his family expensive gifts and bring Seabra along on trips to London and Madrid
Rosenthal said.They traveled to New York to celebrate the New Year.Castro was born in Angola during Portugal's colonial rule in the African nation
He became a society journalist and gay activist
24 Horas and Correio de Manha.Editing by Cynthia Johnston and Paul Simao
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