Want to redecorate your apartment? Check out the best places to buy quality, cost-effective furniture in São Paulo. 🪑✨ If you’re planning to renovate your home and want it to be exactly to your taste, it’s worth looking for a good furniture store in São Paulo. After all, shopping online can be very convenient, but there’s nothing better than seeing a product up close before closing the deal and committing that money you’ve been saving for ages to beautify your home. That’s why we’re bringing you the best places in São Paulo to buy furniture and decorative objects. So that you can redecorate your home without a headache, in reliable establishments with outstanding service. Also known as São Paulo’s “decoration street”, Alameda Gabriel Monteiro da Silva has more than 140 stores of this kind. It’s the perfect address for those who want high-end furniture and personalized design, including international brands. So if you’re looking for a furniture store with innovative and sophisticated products in São Paulo, you know where to look. View this post on Instagram A post shared by DW! Semana de Design (@dwsemanadedesign) Another street in São Paulo known for being home to a multitude of furniture stores is Teodoro Sampaio. An interesting thing about this address is that it brings together stores of different styles and prices, meaning you’ll find everything from affordable stores to those with furniture signed by top designers. It’s a good option for those who want diversity and quality in one place. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Bcasa Interiores (@bcasainteriores) Did you know that Lar Center was the first design and decoration mall in São Paulo? Today, it is one of the best options for those who want to buy furniture in São Paulo, bringing together stores of different styles and values. There you’ll find, for example, well-known names such as Camicado, Italínea, Leroy Merlin, Líder and much more! 📍 Avenida Otto Baumgart, 500 – Vila Guilherme Although it’s not a furniture store per se, the square hosts the weekly Praça Benedito Calixto Cultural Fair, one of the most traditional in São Paulo. There you can find everything, including unique and charming antique furniture and decorations. So if you’re the type who likes to decorate your home in a more alternative way, just stop by the square on a Saturday, from 9am to 5pm, and check out the options. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Souza Lima (@souza_lima_antiguidades) According to the country’s Civil Defence at least 10 people have died and over 17,500 have been displaced As reported on 02 December heavy rain caused a massive landslide along a highway near Guaratuba in Paranà state Emergency teams are still working at the site Twenty-one vehicles were buried in the slide and it was thought at least 30 people could be missing Six others were able to escape the vehicles without needing assistance Heavy rain has affected other areas of the state The number of displaced has fallen slightly over the last few days from 1,152 to 1,079 More heavy rain has fallen and the municipality of Inácio Martins recorded 88.6 mm in 24 hours to 04 December 2022 Heavy rain since late November continues to cause flooding and landslides in Santa Catarina including 10,000 in Massaranduba and 4,000 in Campo Alegre A total of 1,077 people were displaced including 688 in Joinville and 220 in São Bento do Sul The state government reported fatalities in Palhoça A firefighter is still missing Navegantes and another person was reported missing after being swept away by an overflowing river in Brusque Municipalities in a state of emergency are: Araquari Heavy rain has been falling for the last week in the state of Espírito Santo where Civil Defence reported 18 municipalities affected several of which have declared a state of emergency including Cariacica there were a total of 4,051 displaced in the state as a result of the severe weather One fatality was reported in the municipality of Viana where a total of 1,676 people were displaced Santa Teresa municipality recorded 258 mm of rain in 3 days from 01 to 03 December The Doce river at Linhares is above the orange alert level (3 metres) Authorities reported severe weather in the Norte Fluminense region of Rio de Janeiro State Affected municipalities included Carapebus One person died from a lightning strike in Carapebus another was seriously injured and around 85 people were displaced after a landslide in Conceição de Macabu where 2 people died and around 1,000 families have been displaced Macaé recorded 196.6 mm of rain in 48 hours to 01 December 2022 The national Civil Defence reported a total of 16,900 people affected across 5 municipalities in the state Heavy rain has also affected areas further north At least 16 municipalities in the northeastern state of Bahia have declared a state of emergency causing flooding in Prado City where 3,000 people were displaced on 28 November The heavy rain has continued to cause problems since then and as of 04 December a total of 51 municipalities have been affected 9,281 people were displaced and 65,515 were affected according to the state’s Civil Defence There were no reports of missing persons or deaths The worst affected municipalities and those that have declared a state of emergency are: Prado On 29 November the city of Ibotirama recorded 133.4 mm of rain and Barreiras recorded 104.4 mm The following day 75 mm of rain fell in Ribeira do Amparo Amargosa recorded 84.6 mm on 01 December; Porto Seguro 90.4 mm on 02 December and Lençóis 49.5 mm on 03 December Richard Davies is the founder of floodlist.com and reports on flooding news Cookies | Privacy | Contacts © Copyright 2025 FloodList Objectives: To evaluate if the percentage of patients with indeterminate etiology according to the TOAST classification decreased after transthoracic echocardiography, to determine whether or not the prognosis after ischemic stroke is worse among patients classified as the undetermined TOAST type, and to verify the predictive capacity of echocardiography on the prognosis after ischemic stroke. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, clinical, neurological, and echocardiographic examinations were conducted when the patient was hospitalized for stroke. In-hospital mortality and functional capacity were evaluated at hospital discharge and 90 days thereafter. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for confounding factors. The level of significance was 5%. Conclusions: Echocardiography during hospitalization for ischemic stroke reduces the chances of an undetermined TOAST classification and the risk of in-hospital mortality. However, being classified as the undetermined TOAST type increases the chance of mortality during hospitalization, suggesting that evaluating patients using echocardiography during hospitalization for acute ischemic stroke is important. Volume 8 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.710334 This article is part of the Research TopicCardioNeurology: Basic, translational and clinical researchView all 20 articles Background: Ischemic stroke can be classified into five etiological types according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification and its adequate investigation and characterization can aid in its clinical management and in preventing new events Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) plays a key role in investigating its etiology; approximately one-third of the patients remain without an adequate definition of the etiology or are classified as the undetermined TOAST type Objectives: To evaluate if the percentage of patients with indeterminate etiology according to the TOAST classification decreased after transthoracic echocardiography to determine whether or not the prognosis after ischemic stroke is worse among patients classified as the undetermined TOAST type and to verify the predictive capacity of echocardiography on the prognosis after ischemic stroke Methods: In this retrospective cohort study and echocardiographic examinations were conducted when the patient was hospitalized for stroke In-hospital mortality and functional capacity were evaluated at hospital discharge and 90 days thereafter Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for confounding factors Results: A total of 1,100 patients (men = 606; 55.09%) with a mean age of 68.1 ± 13.3 years 977 patients (88.82%) were evaluated and 448 patients (40.7%) were classified as the undetermined TOAST type The patients who underwent TTE were 3.1 times less likely to classified as the undetermined TOAST type (OR = 0.32; p < 0.001) Echocardiography during hospitalization was a protective factor against poor prognosis and reduced the odds of in-hospital death by 11.1 times (OR: 0.090; p < 0.001) the presence of the undetermined TOAST classification elevated the chance of mortality during hospitalization by 2.0 times (OR: 2.00; p = 0.013) Conclusions: Echocardiography during hospitalization for ischemic stroke reduces the chances of an undetermined TOAST classification and the risk of in-hospital mortality being classified as the undetermined TOAST type increases the chance of mortality during hospitalization suggesting that evaluating patients using echocardiography during hospitalization for acute ischemic stroke is important It is estimated that during their lifetime, one in six men and one in five women present with stroke (2), which is the second leading cause of death and is responsible for approximately one in eight deaths worldwide (3). In Brazil, stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability (4, 5) Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the main finding associated with this type of stroke Existing literature still reports a certain degree of conflict in the clinical prognosis and recurrence rate in the undetermined TOAST type and this can be attributed to the heterogeneity of this etiological subtype which comprises different pathophysiological mechanisms The cardiovascular risk profile and echocardiographic findings in patients with AF detected after a stroke are comparable to those of patients previously diagnosed with AF, but differ from those of patients without AF. Preexisting heart disease is the major cause of AF and is first diagnosed after a stroke (11) Left atrial enlargement is an independent factor for stroke and is associated with a 20% chance of thromboembolism per year in the presence of a left atrium >2.5 cm/m2 with moderate to severe left ventricular contractility changes (14) Although current literature has not been able to clarify the role of echocardiography in the routine examination of patients with ischemic stroke which is easy to perform in centers that have integrated stroke and cardiology units providing information that can change both the treatment and the understanding of the etiological mechanism of stroke the objectives of this study were to assess the following: (1a) Whether or not the percentage of patients with ischemic stroke classified as the undetermined TOAST type decreased as a result of echocardiographic examination (1b) Whether or not the prognosis after ischemic stroke is worse in patients with an undetermined TOAST classification and (2) The predictive capacity of echocardiography in determining the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke It was hypothesized that transthoracic echocardiography in the routine investigation of patients with ischemic stroke This retrospective cohort study was performed at the Stroke Unit (SU) of the Clinical Hospital of the School of Medicine of Botucatu (HC-FMB-UNESP) and included 1,100 inpatients diagnosed with ischemic stroke Data collection was conducted at two time points: at hospital admission and 90 days after hospital discharge The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the School of Medicine of Botucatu under no The sample size was estimated based on simple random sampling with a normal distribution for the numerical outcomes the association between left ventricular remodeling (one of the echocardiographic examination variables) and an unfavorable modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days to estimate the test power Based on the descriptive findings obtained from this association the test power was estimated to be above 80% for the analyzed association indicating that the sample size to analyze objective 1a (n = 1,100) and objective 2 (n = 927) was large enough to ensure test powers >80% The study included adults diagnosed with ischemic stroke after clinical evaluation and imaging such as computed tomography (CT) at admission The following data were collected from the electronic medical records of clinical evaluations performed by the assistant medical team during the hospitalization period: age the presence of comorbidities (systemic arterial hypertension the continuous use of medications [acetylsalicylic acid angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and 90 days after discharge); the recurrence of stroke; the presence of carotid and vertebrobasilar system stenosis and its quantification All the variables were obtained from the stroke data bank of Botucatu Medical School The database is audited monthly by the stroke unit coordinator The patients underwent TTE during hospitalization at the SU Transesophageal echocardiography was performed when a right-left intracardiac shunt was suspected on TTE or in case of other findings that required better diagnostic interpretation The following parameters were verified with these examinations: left atrial diameter (LA) (mm) left ventricular ejection fraction by the Teichholz method (LVEF) (%) the presence of alterations in segmental contractility (ASC) the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) severe aortic valve insufficiency (S AoV Insuf) moderate aortic valve insufficiency (Mo AoV Insuf) mild aortic valve insufficiency (Mi AoV Insuf) severe mitral valve insufficiency (S MiV Insuf) moderate mitral valve insufficiency (Mo MiV Insuf) and mild mitral valve insufficiency (Mi MiV Insuf) The investigation protocol at the institution was based on the TOAST classification All the patients underwent a brain CT at admission while some underwent an additional scan after 24 h MRI was done for the patients with posterior circulation events or in those with a doubtful diagnosis CT angiography of the cerebral and cervical arteries was performed when the patient arrived within 8 h of the ictus and duplex ultrasound of the cervical arteries and transcranial Doppler were performed 8 h after the ictus The study was complemented by an anatomical examination (CT angiography or digital angiography) whenever required TTE was conducted to locate a cardioembolic source other than AF while a transesophageal echocardiogram was requested to assess a right-left circulation shunt All patients underwent electrocardiography at admission followed by 24 h of cardiac monitoring The 24 h Holter test was performed for patients older than 55 years with suspected arrhythmias The patient underwent laboratory investigations for syphilis An autoimmune panel was also performed for patients aged <55 years Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation while categorical variables were presented as absolute values and percentages The statistical models were built to separately answer each objective defined in the study The potential confounders (variables identified in the maximal model that were clinically relevant with p < 0.20) considered for all the objectives of this study were as follows: age; sex; race; systemic arterial hypertension; type 2 diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia; smoking; alcoholism; the use of illicit drugs; AF; previous stroke; the continuous use of acetylsalicylic acid and statins; NIHSS at admission; TOAST classification at admission; mRS at admission The association between the echocardiographic examination and being classified as the undetermined TOAST type was analyzed using the multiple logistic regression model including the potential pre-established confounders The variables included were those presenting statistical significance in the univariate analysis (Objective 1a) To verify the association between the classification as the undetermined TOAST type and the NIHSS scale score at discharge and 90 days after hospital discharge the multiple linear regression model was used independently after adjusting for potential confounders adjusted for potential pre-established confounders was also used to verify the association between the classification as the undetermined TOAST type and unfavorable mRS (mRS > 3 at discharge and 90 days after hospital discharge) The variables included were those presenting statistical significance in the univariate analysis (Objective 1b) The association between the echocardiographic variables previously described and the NIHSS scale score at discharge and 90 days after hospital discharge was analyzed using the multiple linear regression model independently and adjusted for potential confounders The multiple logistic regression model was used to verify the association between the echocardiographic variables and unfavorable mRS scores (mRS > 3) at discharge and 90 days after hospital discharge The models were adjusted for potential pre-established confounders The variables included were those presenting statistical significance in the univariate analysis (Objective 2) A comparison between the TOAST types and the echocardiographic variables was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test followed by the Dunn test for multiple comparisons Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 The analysis was performed using the SPSS version 21 software A total of 1,508 patients were admitted to the SU between October 2012 and February 2018. Of these, 1,243 patients had a confirmed diagnosis of cerebral infarction, and the 1,100 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were included in this study (Figure 1) Flowchart of patient inclusion in the study Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the patients admitted with ischemic stroke as well as the neurological assessments regarding the TOAST classification and the degree of disability using the modified Rankin scale Echocardiography was performed in 977 patients (88.82%) Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients admitted with ischemic stroke (n = 1,100) Table 2 shows the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and the medications used being at the time of hospitalization Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and medications being used previously in patients admitted to the Stroke Unit (n = 1,100 patients) Table 3 shows that patients undergoing TTE were 3.1 times less likely to be classified as the undetermined TOAST type (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.21-0.51; p < 0.001) Multiple logistic regression model adjusted to explain the chance of classification as the undetermined TOAST type on echocardiography corrected for confounding variables (n = 1,100 patients) The number needed to treat was calculated to be 3.4 implying that for every 3.4 TTEs performed one patient would be prevented from being classified as the undetermined TOAST type There was no association between being classified as the undetermined TOAST type and the outcomes at hospital discharge as can be seen from the following: NIHSS score (β: −0.040; p = 0.871) and mRS score >3 (OR: 0.901; p = 0.544) using the multiple linear regression model corrected for confounding variables (alcoholism and by the multiple logistic regression model corrected for confounding variables (age With regard to the prognosis 90 days after hospital discharge no association was found between the classification as the undetermined TOAST type and NIHSS score outcomes (β: −0.160; p = 0.560) and mRS score >3 (OR: 0.812; p = 0.261) 90 days after hospital discharge using the multiple linear regression model corrected for confounding variables (AF and the multiple logistic regression model corrected for confounding variables (age Undergoing an echocardiogram was a protective factor against death during hospitalization, and reduced the possibility of in-hospital death by 11.1 times (OR: 0.090; p < 0.001). Conversely, being classified as the undetermined TOAST type increased the chances of mortality during hospitalization by 2.0 times (OR: 2.00; p = 0.013), as shown in Table 4 Multiple logistic regression model to explain in-hospital mortality due to the undetermined TOAST type classification There was no association between the echocardiographic variables and NIHSS score outcomes (Table 5) and mRS > 3 (Table 6) at discharge Association between the echocardiographic variables of patients hospitalized due to ischemic stroke and NIHSS scores at hospital discharge (n = 977 patients) Association between the echocardiographic variables of patients hospitalized due to ischemic stroke and mRS > 3 at hospital discharge (n = 977 patients) there was no association between the echocardiographic findings and NIHSS score outcomes there was no association between the echocardiographic findings and mRS>3 score outcomes except for left ventricular remodeling (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.06–2.98; p = 0.028) An evaluation of the echocardiographic variables and their correlation with the TOAST classification type showed significantly greater values for left atrial diameter and LVM and significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction values in patients with stroke classified as the cardioembolic TOAST type, as shown in Table 7 Comparison between TOAST types and echocardiographic variables (n = 977 patients) echocardiography during hospitalization due to ischemic stroke reduced the possibility of being classified as the undetermined TOAST type and was associated with lower in-hospital mortality echocardiography decreased the number of patients classified without a defined etiology and this relationship confirmed the study hypothesis TTE is a non-invasive and low-cost examination and the association described above proves the importance of including it in an investigation protocol for patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke Although echocardiography did not correlate with a better patient prognosis as measured by the NIHSS and Rankin scale scores it increased the chance of identifying specific TOAST classifications thereby decreasing the chance of inappropriate patient treatment Although the highest NIHSS was found among patients who did not undergo echocardiography this variable was taken into account and adjusted in the multiple regression for the mortality outcome The correlation between echocardiography and the lower frequency of death at admission reinforces the importance of this examination for proper patient management The 5 year survival probability was higher in patients with small artery occlusion stroke (73.8 [95% CI, 70.4–77.3]) and lower in patients with cardioembolic stroke (40.9 [95% CI, 37.2–45.0]) and in indeterminate stroke patients (50.3 [95% CI, 47.2–53.7]) (10) A possible reason for this difference in the correlation between the echocardiogram measurements and prognosis in previous literature is the evaluation of these variables without considering the TOAST etiological classification Patients with a cardioembolic TOAST classification generally present with more changes in the echocardiographic measurements patients with a cardioembolic TOAST classification had a higher ventricular mass such echocardiogram findings are possibly collinear with a cardioembolic TOAST classification and are not independent prognostic factors It is a retrospective study involving a single center only making it impossible to obtain the measurement of the left atrial volume for analysis Left atrial volume has been shown to be a powerful prognostic variable in heart disease We also understand as a limitation that the design of this study did not allow the identification of mechanisms by which the echocardiogram correlated with a reduction in mortality which opens up frontiers for future studies in this area we can conclude that echocardiography during hospitalization for ischemic stroke may be associated with a decreased chance of an undetermined TOAST classification and also with lower mortality during hospitalization an undetermined TOAST classification may correlate with higher mortality during hospitalization suggesting the importance of including echocardiography in the hospital investigation protocol for patients with ischemic stroke The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the School of Medicine of Botucatu under no The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study and ST participated in the literature search HN and SZ participated in the literature search All authors contributed to manuscript revision The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.710334/full#supplementary-material Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; TTE left ventricular ejection fraction by the Teichholz method; ASC alteration of segmental contractility; LVH severe aortic valve insufficiency; Mo AoV Insuf moderate aortic valve insufficiency; Mi AoV Insuf National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; LACS partial anterior circulation syndromes; POCS total anterior circulation syndromes; ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century Lifetime risk of stroke and dementia: current concepts Is stroke the most common cause of disability doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2004.06.003 The burden of stroke in Brazil in 2016: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study findings How many patients become functionally dependent after a stroke A 3-year population-based study in Joinville PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke Definitions for use in a multicenter classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Study Twenty-year time trends in long-term case-fatality and recurrence rates after ischemic stroke stratified by etiology Preexisting heart disease underlies newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation after acute ischemic stroke New approach to stroke subtyping: the A-S-C-O (phenotypic) classification of stroke Stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II Echocardiographic features of patients at risk Part I: use of echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with suspected cardioembolic stroke Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct Utility of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnostic evaluation of ischemic stroke The role of echocardiography screening at the stroke unit Relationship between left atrial volume and ischemic stroke subtype Characteristics of the National Institute of Health stroke scale: results from a population-based stroke cohort at baseline and after one year Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction Clinical interpretation and use of stroke scales PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Embolic stroke of undetermined source: a systematic review and clinical update Stroke subtypes and comorbidity among ischemic stroke patients in brasilia and cuenca: a brazilian-spanish cross-cultural study doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.11.012 Diastolic dysfunction and outcome in acute ischemic stroke Prevalence and clinical correlation of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in African Americans with ischemic stroke doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.01.026 Association of left ventricular mass with all-cause mortality Association of transthoracic echocardiography findings and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing workup of stroke doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.023 Bazan R and Zanati Bazan SG (2021) The Role of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Patients With Ischemic Stroke Received: 15 May 2021; Accepted: 10 August 2021; Published: 27 August 2021 Copyright © 2021 Teodoro, Sampaio Silva, Modolo, Trivellato, Souza, Luvizutto, Nunes, Martin, Bazan and Zanati Bazan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan, c2d6LmJhemFuQHVuZXNwLmJy Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Stores remain closed along Teodoro Sampaio street during a quarantine imposed by Sao Paulo’s government to help stop the spread of the new corona virus in Sao Paulo Medical personnel check people inside their cars to find out if they have symptoms of COVID-19 in Guarulhos on the outskirts of Sao Paulo A relative stands at a distance during the burial of Robson de Souza Lopes at Parque Taruma cemetery in Manaus According to authorities at the Amazonas Health Secretary the 43-year-old musician died Monday after being diagnosed with COVID-19 Workers set up a temporary field hospital to treat patients who have COVID-19 inside Pacaembu stadium in Sao Paulo RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) — Brazilian health officials grappling with the new coronavirus outbreak have issued a stark warning about a lack of hospital beds testing devices and trained staff across Latin America’s largest nation A Health Ministry report issued on Friday said Brazil can currently carry out 6,700 COVID-19 tests a day but that it will need to process as many as 30,000–50,000 tests daily during the peak of the outbreak This latest assessment of the public healthcare system raises serious questions about its capacity to face the outbreak in a country of nearly 210 million It also calls for the maintenance of quarantine measures in states that are most badly hit challenging President Jair Bolsonaro’s more laid-back approach to the virus Bolsonaro has compared the new coronavirus to a “little flu” and publicly attacked governors that introduced quarantine measures the health ministry had reported 10,278 confirmed cases and 431 deaths But the outbreak is still in its early phase and the country’s hospitals are not ready to handle a peak Officials pointed to a shortage in trained health professionals “to handle mechanical ventilation equipment respiratory physiotherapy and advanced nursing care” for critically ill patients while intensive care units and general hospitalization beds are “not properly structured or in sufficient numbers.” done in compliance with World Health Organization directives said logistical issues had prevented hospitals from acquiring sufficient personal protective equipment “placing workers in an important risk group” Authorities are seeking partnerships between the public and private sectors to address shortages in testing capacities but such agreements would not bear fruit for at lest another two weeks they said another respiratory disease caused by viral infection show that Brazil’s continental size and varied climates – temperate subtropical and equatorial – mean the COVID-19 disease will likely spread and peak at different times of the year making it more challenging for authorities to prepare a national plan the new coronavirus causes mild or moderate symptoms such as fever and cough that clear up in two to three weeks especially older adults and people with existing health problems Bolsonaro has increasingly isolated himself politically by maintaining that jobs and the economy must prevail and that Brazil ”cannot stop.” His message and public appearances showing him with supporters are at odds with recommendations from Health Minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta Tensions between the two men have risen as Mandetta until recently a largely unknown technocrat emerged as a reassuring figure in the midst of a public health crisis The minister has garnered support among Brazilians with daily updates on the coronavirus best practices and recommendations from authorities such as the World Health Organization Bolsonaro said his health minister lacked “humility” said he would not quit: “A doctor does not abandon his patient.” the health ministry urged all states to maintain self-isolation measures “Social distancing strategies adopted by states and municipalities contribute to avoiding the collapse of local health systems,” the report said citing efforts to fight the virus in Italy Researcher switches from business administration to biology and becomes a leading expert in environmental preservation Biologist and conservationist Cláudio Padua is one of the best-known names in Brazil’s socio-environmental movement He has spent much of his extensive career studying the black lion tamarin founded the Ecological Research Institute (IPÊ)—a nongovernmental organization that studies rare or endangered species in the regions of Pontal do Paranapanema and Nazaré Paulista in São Paulo the Pantanal and Cerrado in Mato Grosso do Sul Padua has been setting up a new research institute this time focused on sustainable economics and business “The intention is to make biodiversity economically significant without destroying it,” he explains is scheduled to be inaugurated at the end of the year and will align research into agriculture with environmental conservation The decision to open the new institute arose from the need for a specific school for business research where the focus is environmental education and conservation Padua’s interest in environmental conservation was born from the frustration he felt with his professional life after seven years studying business administration he realized that he was unhappy with the direction his career was taking “I wanted to work with the environment but at that time I couldn’t see any way to combine these two subjects,” he recalls that he decided to leave his job at a pharmaceutical company and restart his career “After talking to some people in the field I decided to go to biology school,” he says during the last year of his biology degree Padua was offered a position as a laboratory technician at the Center for Primatology in Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ) by primatologist Adelmar Coimbra Filho (1924–2016) “That was when I started studying the black lion tamarin one of the species researched by CPRJ.” The species is São Paulo’s state animal and is mainly found in Morro do Diabo State Park he began a master’s degree in 1984 at the University of Florida where he studied the demography and genetics of the black lion tamarin in order to determine the status of wild populations he investigated their behavior and conservation “That was when research in the field of conservation biology really started,” he says Padua started teaching at the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture at the University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP) His plan was to create a master’s course focused on conservation it just wasn’t possible to establish such a course at ESALQ,” he says he decided to create the School of Conservation and Sustainability (ESCAS) at the IPÊ headquarters in Nazaré Paulista offering master’s programs in biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and an MBA in environmental business management the school has trained more than 7,000 students awarding 140 master’s degrees and more than 50 MBAs “We expect to receive authorization to start teaching PhD programs shortly,” he concludes © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved This is the proposal of “Estação Ciência” (Science Station) the new interactive museum of Science and Technology that the Social Service of Industry (SESI Bahia) through the Education and Culture Management Estação Ciência is part of the SESI Casa Branca Cultural Center located at 1454 Caminho de Areia Avenue in the Lower City A space that inspires modernity and inserts the region into Salvador’s cultural programming circuit Estação Ciência was conceived under the curatorship of the museologist and historian Heloísa Helena Costa a nickname she got from the writer and cartoonist Maurício de Souza She brought together a team of specialists and researchers from different areas of knowledge to create the interactive science and technology museum “The design of Estação Ciência is based on the idea that Salvador is a sovereign city it has an important role in the formation of Brazil it is modernizing without forgetting the icons of the past” The proposal is to provide the visitor with a journey through the great experiments that marked humanity using advanced resources such as 4.0 technology and 3D images in addition to playful and interactive experiments focused on science The Science Station also pays tribute to exponents from Bahia or living in Bahia in various areas of knowledge Diógenes Rebouças and the psychiatrist Antonio Nery Filho Nós utilizamos cookies para aprimorar e personalizar a sua experiência em nosso site você concorda em contribuir para os dados estatísticos de melhoria ' + scriptOptions._localizedStrings.webview_notification_text + ' " + scriptOptions._localizedStrings.redirect_overlay_title + " " + scriptOptions._localizedStrings.redirect_overlay_text + " Letters from Africa marks the first of a five-book series of his intimate writings Archives of the National Museum of History / Ibram “Final idylls: finding a beautiful palm tree in Africa and enjoying the eternal sleep in its shade,” wrote André Rebouças (1838–1898) to Alfredo Maria Adriano d’Escragnolle Taunay (1843–1899) The engineer and abolitionist had not yet taken the cargo liner Malange but he was already building dramatic expectations for his trip throughout the African continent The message is one of the 193 notes Hebe Mattos from the History Graduate Department and Program at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) compiled in Cartas da África – Registro de correspondência: 1891-1893 (Letters from Africa – Records of correspondence: 1891–1893) Rebouças began working on the book while staying in the French resort of Cannes where he was alone after an initial period in Lisbon with whom he would later live in exile after the Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil he remained faithful to the monarchy after November 15 (date of the proclamation) disappointed with the course of the newborn republic while preparing himself to circumnavigate the African continent one of the owners of the Jornal do Commercio newspaper the two faces of Rebouças are brought together which also alternate in the messages written to another 25 recipients—the engineer sharing his opinion on various aspects of politics is the beginning of a series of five books compiling the abolitionist’s intimate written notes and organized by Mattos — two of them in partnership with Robert Daibert Mattos’s first contact with Rebouças’s letters in exile was 15 years earlier During research for her doctoral thesis at Fluminense Federal University she had studied black intellectuals “who somehow reflected on the memory of slavery,” she mentions she took pictures of the letters written by André and kept them at the Joaquim Nabuco Foundation the philosopher did not get much coverage in the media But that was only until the publisher proposed to disclose the letters “My goal shifted into sharing André’s work with a larger audience.” According to Ligia Fonseca Ferreira from the School of Philosophy and Humanities of the Federal University of São Paulo (EFLCH-UNIFESP) this type of work has not yet been developed much by Brazilian scholars Hence the importance of granting access to Rebouças’s full text — earlier the major source of his personal writings was a compendium from 1938 Ferreira talks about his own experience with Luiz Gama’s works (1830–1882) — an abolitionism pioneer whose writings were published in Com a palavra Luiz Gama) (Imprensa Oficial do Estado de São Paulo 2011) and in Lições de resistência (Lessons in resistance) (Edições Sesc Ferreira believes the period addressed by Mattos is when Rebouças realized his condition as a Black person Rebouças refers to himself for the first time as “the Black man André.” Archives of the Joaquim Nabuco Foundation / Brazilian Ministry of EducationA letter written by Rebouças to his friend Rangel da CostaArchives of the Joaquim Nabuco Foundation / Brazilian Ministry of Education the suppression of the intellectual experience of free Black persons during the nineteenth century was a core theme it is a “basic point for the way racism was institutionalized as not racism.” “Color is mentioned when one speaks about a slave a “negro” or a “creole,” they have a slave in mind.” Intellectuals over 70% of the population were Blacks or browns Even researchers ignored the racial details when talking about men who today have major streets named after them was reinforced by the black and white photographs that lighten the skin of many of these people — but not that of Rebouças himself whose skin tone cannot be concealed in portraits the sharpness of his color enhances the myth of racial democracy When speaking of Rebouças as an important Black man as if his path as an engineer and entrepreneur tailoring commercial relationships with other men of his industry in several countries “were a result of a grant” by the monarchy from the Department of Sociology of the School of Philosophy and Humanities at the University of São Paulo (FFLCH-USP) and member of the adjunct panel of the FAPESP Scientific Board also highlights the “nullity of the racial issue” and how much Rebouças was used for that purpose largely the “spurious association” between himself and the monarchy “Rebouças has not been praised as a Black hero,” she shares in which abolitionism is addressed as a social movement among the merits of this work by Mattos is that of recovering the core figure for reasons beyond the abolitionist campaign “its most important facilitator,” but also “for many essential issues for Brazil,” a contemporary action he undertook with his brother Alonso highlights the gaps that have still not been filled in the studies about André Rebouças such as him having been such a successful entrepreneur Mattos states that the Chão series may help to fill this gap the next works expected to be published are: O engenheiro abolicionista: Diário 1882-1885 (The abolitionist engineer: Diary 1882-1885 (The incomplete abolition: Diary 1889-1891 (The emperor’s friend: Correspondence records 1889–1891); and Cartas de Funchal: Registro de correspondência 1893-1898 (Funchal’s letters: Correspondence records The publication of Rebouças’s writings reveals new themes such as the author’s “Tolstoism,” discussed in Mattos’s afterword in that issue are an “important inflection of Rebouças’s liberalism,” and shaped his social thinking Advocating for a “rural democracy,” Rebouças “remarks on the large financial capital from a rather moral perspective,” similar to that of the Russian author is what prevents Rebouças from accepting the bridges his friends tried to build for him to return to Brazil a letter written by Rebouças to his friend Rangel da Costa based on a portrait of the abolitionist’s upper body Looking for inspiration for the perfect date We've listed the best options for you to surprise your partner with Then check out this list of our suggestions for the best places to go on incredible dates in SP and break the heart of your loved one (or loved ones 📍 Hub Food Art & Lounge at Pullman Hotel: Rua Olimpíadas 200 – Shops 67 and 68 – República The urban area of the city of Manaus is 3°C warmer than the surrounding forest AFP IMAGEFORUMThe capital of the state of Amazonas: increases in concrete and asphalt make the city warmerAFP IMAGEFORUM humid tropical forest of the Brazilian Amazon are beginning to manifest the climate changes typical of large cities the average temperature in Manaus rose by 0.7 degrees Celsius (°C) to 26.5°C according to data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) the average temperature in Belém rose by 1.51°C to 26.3°C the increase was due principally to the growth of urban areas in the cities a process that has intensified in recent decades although aggregate effects related to climate changes on a larger scale may also have had some impact the urban areas of the Manaus and Belém metropolitan regions covered 91 and 76 square kilometers these numbers had risen to 242 and 270 square kilometers respectively (see the charts on pages 42 and 45) With more buildings and concrete and asphalt taking the place of native vegetation what is known as the urban heat island effect – a phenomenon long known to the residents of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro – has also taken hold in the two main cities of Brazil’s north the temperature in the most densely populated areas of these cities is consistently higher than that in nearby rural areas Heat island data are clearer in the case of Manaus today the seventh most populous Brazilian city Its population has surpassed those of northeastern state capitals such as Recife and major cities in the south such as Porto Alegre and Curitiba The temperature difference between the more urbanized parts of the Amazon metropolis of Manaus and an area of Amazon forest approximately 30 kilometers away peaks at more than 3°C in five of the twelve months of the year These results are based on data collected hourly at four weather stations from 2000 to 2008 and reported in an article by Diego Souza and Regina Alvalá former INPE researchers currently at the National Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alerts (CEMADEN) published on August 8 in the journal Meteorological Applications The study by Souza and Alvalá also indicates that the atmosphere of the urban areas of Manaus has become drier than that of the surrounding forests the relative air humidity in the central areas of Manaus was 1.7% lower than that in the adjacent forest The difference in relative humidity is greatest in February when the relative humidity is 3.5% lower in the city than in the forest “This data clearly shows the heat island effect in Manaus,” according to Regina Alvalá a cartographic engineer specializing in the mapping of land use and cover that is used in weather modeling ALEXANDRE AFFONSOThe CEMADEN researchers were unable to determine the extent of the urban heat island effect in Belém due to the absence of long-term historical records containing daily averages based on hourly data for different parts of the city and its surrounding forested areas. there is evidence that the heat island phenomenon in Belém – the eleventh most populous Brazilian city with just over 1.4 million people – is most prominent during the night Although they may seem small to the millions of residents of Brazil’s two megacities (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) Manaus and Belém have become large urban metropolitan areas by world standards they would be behind only Paris and Rome in terms of population Two Peaks A unique and controversial point noted in the article by Souza and Alvalá was the identification of two daily peaks during which the heat island effect is exacerbated in Manaus: the first at approximately 8 am and the second between 3 pm and 5 pm “most cities have only one daily peak of the heat island effect and it usually occurs at night or in the early morning.” The researchers are not sure why the peaks in Manaus occur at these two times of day but they speculate that they may be associated with rush hour traffic The heat generated by fuel combustion is one of the factors that contribute to local warming of the atmosphere A study undertaken by Francis Wagner and Rodrigo Augusto de Souza physicists at the Amazonas State University (UEA) also evaluated the heat island effect in Manaus Not all of their findings concerning the characteristics of the phenomenon are consistent with the information in the CEMADEN article the UEA researchers’ work covered another time period air temperature data from four stations – two in urban areas and two in rural areas – were analyzed Wagner and Rodrigo Souza found two peaks in the heat island effect The largest temperature difference between the urban and rural areas was on the order of 3.5°C Based on data from the environmental satellite Aqua which scans the area with a spatial resolution of 1 x 1 km UEA scientists estimated temperature variations on the ground in Manaus from August to September 2009 The hottest areas were precisely the most urbanized and the coolest were those with the largest quantity of preserved vegetation the temperature differences between areas covered by concrete and asphalt – such as the downtown area and the Cidade Nova and Petrópolis neighborhoods – and forested areas reached 10°C “We’re doing a study of the microclimate in the urban areas of Manaus to aid in creating a master plan for forestation and ecological zoning,” stated Wagner whose project is financed by the Manaus Municipal Development and Environment Fund A possible result of the heat island effect is the alteration of rainfall patterns over the two Amazonian cities the average annual rainfall has increased 30% over the past 80 years is attributed in some studies to increased urbanization The results of high-resolution atmospheric modeling studies carried out by Souza and Alvalá indicate that if the urban areas of the two capitals continue to grow there will be a downward trend in rainfall in Manaus whereas Belém is expected to experience a slight increase in rainfall the changes in rainfall patterns do not seem to be very significant,” according to Alvalá London heat in the nineteenth century Although it was not then known by that name the urban heat island phenomenon has been studied since the early nineteenth century when British scientist Luke Howard measured differences of almost 2°C at night between London the analysis of city climates has become an increasingly important research topic more people are living in urban centers than are living in rural areas The building of cities radically alters patterns of land use and creates microclimates where heat islands almost become a natural law which are rural features that mitigate high temperatures both at the ground level and in the air the urban landscape is dominated by impermeable and heat-trapping materials that retain heat differently than vegetation the presence of woody vegetation and scrub creates shadow zones that reduce soil temperature and subsequently reduce the atmospheric temperature Green areas also contribute to the cooling of a locale’s climate through evapotranspiration This is the mechanism by which plants and soil release water to the air everything that makes the climate of the countryside milder is either scarce or absent there is less local moisture and the evapotranspiration process is less intense glass and metal tends to absorb and store twice as much heat as a neighboring rural area with its tall buildings and structures with surface textures different from those of the countryside can also change wind patterns and intensify the sensation of heat In megacities such as São Paulo or New York the heat island effect may result in a difference of up to 12°C in air temperature between a densely urbanized area and a rural area or forest If the comparison is made with ground temperatures the effect of urban heat islands has been studied in many state capitals for some time small and medium cities have also become the target of research on the phenomenon A team of geographers from the Presidente Prudente campus of São Paulo State University (UNESP) led by João Lima Sant’Anna Neto and Margarete Amorim measured the heat island effect in six municipalities in the inland regions of São Paulo state: Teodoro Sampaio They used data from the Landsat satellite thermal channel and from fixed and mobile weather stations to measure the phenomenon there were differences of up to 8°C between the more urbanized and rural areas The hottest areas in the city were the neighborhoods where government-built housing projects were located Sant’Anna Neto notes that “in these places the use of inappropriate building materials the high density of built area and the scarcity of green space is intensifying heat islands since there are no large pollutant emissions from industry and vehicles.” Even tiny towns a city with 3,800 inhabitants adjacent to Presidente Prudente Differences of 2.5°C were measured between its urban and rural areas “Heat islands are also a public health problem and predispose the elderly and children to respiratory and circulatory diseases,” according to Sant’Anna Neto Observational evidence of the urban heat island effect in Manaus City © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved.