we express our deepest rejection and indignation at the massacre perpetrated on January 10 at the Olga Benário Settlement in Tremembé resulted in the murders of Valdir Nascimento (52) and Gleison Barbosa (28) who suffered two gunshot wounds to the head and is in critical condition families at the settlement were gathered when a group of armed criminals invaded the area and opened fire indiscriminately targeted victims with shots to the head and back defending their territory against the encroachment of militias driven by speculative real estate interests known as “Valdirzão,” was a prominent figure in the struggle for agroecology and a staunch defender of conquered land he dedicated his life to fighting illegal land sales and strengthening the peasant movement in the Paraíba Valley known as “Guegue,” was the son of a settlement family his dedication to the territory drove him to actively contribute to community efforts Denis Carvalho remains in the ICU after undergoing surgery to remove shrapnel from his head Thanks to the pressure from families and organizations alias “Nero do Piseiro,” identified as the intellectual author of the massacre a preventive arrest warrant has been issued for Ítalo Rodrigues da Silva The Federal Police are also involved in the investigation following directives from President Lula and the Ministry of Justice La Vía Campesina expresses our profound rejection and indignation We join in solidarity statements for our comrades in the MST settlement who are enduring violence for fighting for their right to land and a dignified life This confirms the ongoing oppression faced daily by peasants This event underscores the ongoing oppression faced daily by peasants Behind these aggressions are the agribusiness structures and landowners seeking to seize land through intimidation and the criminalization of those defending equitable access to land and territory We also denounce the inaction of local authorities whose complicity allows such attacks to continue in a country deeply scarred by inequality The lack of justice in cases like this perpetuates a cycle of violence that threatens the lives and human rights of those striving to build a fairer and more sustainable future We stand in solidarity with the pain of the affected families reaffirming our commitment to supporting them in their pursuit of truth Those responsible must be identified and held accountable under the law We know that such cowardly acts of violence aim to weaken the movements fighting for justice and the care of Mother Earth we remain confident that no violent act can stop the growth of human consciousness Our current pain in the face of these events will fuel our comrades and allies in social and Indigenous movements to continue their struggle and proclaim to the world the urgent need for structural change will be the seed that ripens into the fruit that nourishes global consciousness This post is also available in Español and Français A man sentenced to nearly 40 years in jail for holding his teenage ex-girlfriend hostage before murdering her are among more than 2,500 prisoners benefiting from 11 days' festive season freedom at the Tremembe Prison Complex near Sao Paulo where the former Brazil international is being held. But prison chiefs have confirmed Robinho is not eligible for the prison perk and will not get to spend family time with his wife Vivian and their three children at their home in Santos after he was made to start his nine-year jail sentence for rape in March. They have also confirmed no special events have been programmed for New Years Eve at Penitentiary II Dr Jose Augusto Salgado in Tremembe, better known as P2 Tremembe and dubbed the 'Prison for Famous People' in Brazil because it offers inmates better conditions than at other lock-ups in the state of Sao Paulo. Brazil's Prison Service confirmed in a statement, referring to 40-year-old Robinho by his real name of Robson de Souza: 'Inmate Robson de Souza is serving a sentence under a closed regime and is not entitled to temporary release, a benefit granted by the Judiciary only to semi-open regime inmates.  'Tremembe Penitentiary II, which holds Robson, will not be holding any special programmes for the end-of-year celebrations.' Robinho has been behind bars since March 21. His friend Ricardo Falco entered prison in June after a Brazilian court decided he should also serve the jail sentence handed down to them by an Italian court. Both men were convicted of sexually assaulting an Albanian woman in a club in Milan in January 2013 while he was at AC Milan. Their failed appeals in Italian courts lasted years and they returned to Brazil while they awaited the final decision after being bailed. Reports in late October around the time Robinho had been behind bars for seven months said his prison routine revolved around football matches with other inmates once or twice a week, reading groups and classes in basic electronics which will help him reduce the time he has to spend in jail. The 117 prisoners at Robinho's jail who are benefitting from 11 days of freedom over the festive period include Lindemberg Alves according to local reports. He was sentenced to 39 years in prison in 2013 over the October 2008 kidnapping and murder of 15-year-old former girlfriend Eloa Cristina Pimentel, held hostage for 100 hours before being shot dead. Another inmate at Robinho's prison said to be benefitting from the Christmas and New Year temporary release scheme is Cristian Cravinhos, sentenced to 38 years and six months in jail over the murder of a German engineer and his Brazilian psychiatrist wife in October 2002. He and his brother Daniel Cravinhos were found guilty of acting on the instructions of the couple's daughter Suzane von Richthofen.  Suzane and Daniel met in August 1999 and began a relationship shortly afterward.  They became very close, but the relationship did not have the support of their families, especially the Richthofens, who forbade it. Suzane, Daniel, and Cristian then hatched a plan to fake a robbery and murder the Richthofen couple, so that the three of them could share Suzane's inheritance. Around 2,440 inmates held in another jail which forms part of the Tremembe Prison Complex have also been allowed out until January 3 next year. No one seems to have shared their thoughts on this topic yetLeave a comment so your voice will be heard first. {{message}} what you're looking for isn't here.. Scientists discovered evidence of protozoa in birds that lived in what is now Brazil roughly 30 million years ago Parasites are a big problem for avian medicine; some are microscopic and can infect wild and captive birds By analyzing fossilized feces (known as coprolites) Brazilian paleontologists and parasitologists have discovered that birds were affected with similar parasites to those of today between 34 million and 23 million years ago in the region now known as Tremembé as published in an April article in the International Journal of Paleopathology the area which is now the Paraíba Valley was populated by large mammals (Pyrotheria) similar in appearance to the tapirs of today and hippopotami (Notoungulata) parasites such as protozoa thrived in the same environment all inhabiting the waters or surrounding areas of a lake which alternated between periods of drought and rainfall collection depending on the climate the organic material on the clayey soil was sometimes covered in new layers of the same sediment such as a lack of oxygen and soil movement some of the biological remains were fossilized and glycerine drops to analyze the samples and were able to identify a significant amount of microorganisms “We found 13 different morphological types; I never expected to see such quantity in paleontological material,” recalls paleoparasitologist Gustavo do Carmo who conducted the research as part of his master’s at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) and is currently engaged in doctoral research at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) was discovered in the first half of the nineteenth century and Carmo’s project was the first to study parasites of the past in Taubaté fossils The microorganisms were divided into two groups of protozoa: coccidia of the Eimeriidae family and the parasitical forms not fully developed it was not possible to identify the species “Those of the genus Eimeria infect birds of all orders and may cause coccidiosis; those of the Isospora genus are known for infecting caged birds and go towards understanding the ecology of those in wild environments,” explains biologist Bruno Berto of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) “Amoebas are less frequently seen in birds.” Gustavo do Carmo / UFMGBird coprolite (white part) retains traces of parasitesGustavo do Carmo / UFMG the study is closely observed by veterinarians “Identifying parasites with certain characteristics in ancestral birds and analyzing how they fit into the evolutionary system may help in laboratory diagnosis and treatments today,” advocates Berto This was the first instance of protozoa recorded in coprolites from birds of the Brazilian Oligocene Paleontologist and coprolite specialist Paula Dentzien Dias of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) “It is rare to find parasites in paleontological records; only in 2006 were eggs found in coprolites from Belgium,” she says was dated to the Brazilian Permian,” she adds referring to the period between approximately 299 million and 252 million years ago This enabled scientists to better understand how parasites have evolved alongside birds The amoeba discovered was primarily found in human beings but the research demonstrated that it infected birds in the past “Understanding the interactions of organisms and when certain groups acted as parasites in the past is fundamental for comprehension of the evolution of species.” The researchers also discovered that certain parasite characteristics evolved before they had first thought such as the micropyle (a type of outlet valve in oocysts the rounded structures where the infectious forms of parasites are formed) and the membrane on top of it In addition to their veterinary importance these parasites play a central role in ecology “They may interfere directly in reproduction among shows that ancestral species from the Taubaté region contributed significantly to the proliferation of parasites in that period It was not possible to precisely pin down which bird species or groups were infected and others similar in appearance to flamingos and hens are just some of those that occupied the region at the time Another clue provided by the excrement is that the hosts were omnivores The aim now is to extend these diagnostics to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history of the parasites “We have already identified helminths at the same Tremembé site and we are studying materials from other animals and regions such as dinosaur coprolites from Minas Gerais,” concludes Carmo The story above was published with the title “Parasites of the Oligocene” in issue 343 of September/2024 Scientific article CARMO, G. M. et al. Protozoan parasites of birds from the Tremembé formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin), São Paulo, Brazil © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved SAO PAULO (AP) — Former footballer Robinho arrived early Friday at the rural Tremembe penitentiary where he is expected to serve at least 40 per cent of his nine-year sentence for rape Brazilian authorities frequently isolate rapists for their own safety but they did not disclose whether the 40-year-old Robinho received such treatment Brazil criminal law states convicts such as Robinho could get a more flexible jail regime for good behavior in prison when almost half of his sentence has been served Tremembe penitentiary has about 430 inmates and is 150 kilometres (93 miles) northeast of Sao Paulo It is split between full-time prisoners such as Robinho and those who are permitted to leave for the day and come back at dinner time to spend the night The sizes of the cells vary from eight to 15 square meters (86 to 160 square feet) Up to six inmates can be jailed in the biggest cells according to the Sao Paulo state government but lawyers are free to come and go during working hours Robinho was convicted and sentenced in Italy for raping a woman in a group sexual assault in 2013 Italy asked Brazil to jail him in his home nation since he had already returned by the time he was convicted in 2017 but allows convictions from foreign courts to be served here Robinho was jailed on Wednesday night after one of the country's highest courts ruled his sentence in Italy was valid in Brazil He has an appeal pending at the Brazilian Supreme Court as he seeks a retrial on the grounds of national sovereignty His lawyer José Eduardo Alckmin told reporters on Wednesday the result of the appeal should come in April Tremembe has been the jail for many notorious inmates who killed his five-year-old daughter by throwing her from the sixth floor of her building in 2008; serial rapist Roger Abdelmassih Robinho left his apartment building in Santos He spent his first hours in custody at the local federal police office he had time to speak to a judge to discuss possible illegalities in the proceedings that led to his arrest but the result of that conversation was not made public local time he started being driven almost 200 kilometres (124 miles) to Tremembe Robinho relinquished his passport to Brazilian authorities a year ago He continues to deny any wrongdoing and insists his sexual relations were consensual with the woman at a Milan bar Robinho rose to national fame at age 18 in 2002 when he led Santos to its first national title since the Pelé era He won the Confederations Cup with Brazil and left for Real Madrid He joined Manchester City in 2008 and one year later was accused of rape during a night out in Leeds Robinho returned to Santos in 2010 to be a mentor to a young Neymar He won the Brazilian Cup and was a starter for Brazil at the 2010 World Cup he rejoined Santos and had stints in China and Turkey Federal government announces homologation of six Indigenous Lands; in one case telegram Join our Telegram channel! telegram updating data on the territorial extension of Indigenous Lands They add up to 610,3 hectares ‒ an area slightly larger than that of the Federal District ‒ and cover a population of around 40 people Some of the communities had been on the waiting list for regularization for over XNUMX years (learn more below).  The Lula government is trying to unlock the demarcation agenda and opted to homologate areas without major conflicts With the creation of the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples by the new management the expectation is that the demands for territorial recognition will advance in all its stages The five-year stoppage imposed by former President Jair Bolsonaro led to a series of actions by the Federal Public Ministry (MPF) for the resumption of processes Lula promised to put an end to pending demarcation by the end of his term “I want not to leave any Indigenous Land that is not demarcated in my four-year term This is a commitment that I have and that I made with you before the campaign” Also this Friday, the publication by the president of the National Foundation for Indigenous Peoples (Funai), Joenia Wapichana, of the reports on the identification and delimitation of the ILs Sete Salões (MG), belonging to the Krenak people, and Sawre Ba'pim (PA), belonging to the Mundurucu people The last time one of these documents was published by the indigenist agency was seven years ago.  The country currently has 733 ILs in different stages of recognition at Funai the six homologated lands represent little more than 6% of the total area pending regularization Chief Tanoné Kariri-Xokó sees the ratification of her territory as the best outcome for so many years of struggle The battle for the definitive conquest of the Indigenous Land began almost four decades ago adding up to 16 years of waiting for the decree “Just thanking the Great Father for this light for this victory and today my Land is already signed it is already won and no one will be able to take away or take anything that is ours” “There [in our territory] our ancestors lived "Today's act shows the historic milestone of conquest of the indigenous movement in the face of years of struggle including six years of nightmare that we had after the coup of persecution and suppression of indigenous rights this shows the government's real commitment There are still more lands to be recognized by the State" he said to the ISA the CEO of the Federation of Indigenous Organizations of Rio Negro (FOIRN) we maintain the firm struggle to consolidate and demarcate the Indigenous Lands that are still in the process of demarcation especially in the region of Santa Isabel do Rio Negro" A total of 14 ILs were expected to be signed, listed by the transitional government and considered ready for the conclusion of their recognition. According to the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples (MPI) the other eight homologations did not come out due to administrative pending issues Some sources in the indigenous movement confirmed that there was pressure from politicians against the decrees “We are going to legalize the Indigenous Lands Our minister [of Indigenous Peoples] knows about the processes so that we can demarcate the largest possible number of Indigenous Lands if we want to reach 2030 with zero deforestation we need you [indigenous people] as guardians of the forest” In the press conference after the announcement of the measures confirmed that the government will prepare a timetable for the approval of the other eight areas due to the time taken to analyze the process” from the coordination of the Articulação dos Povos Indígenas do Brasil (Apib) “These are processes that were four years in the hands of our enemies and we did not know what kind of measures were taken in relation to these processes to have greater legal security in the signing of these acts ” Kleber considered as normal the frustration of communities that did not have their areas approved but that the measures announced today are a positive and important signal in the face of so many years of paralysis of processes The indigenous movement has a role in articulating “Each one of the approvals signed today by the president is very important because it consolidates an administrative solution to a historical pendency” stresses the founding partner of the ISA Mario Santilli these six approvals represent the resumption of the demarcation process and compliance with the Constitution We await the issue of the decrees referring to lands that are also already physically demarcated” the government announced a package of measures in defense of indigenous rights The president signed the decree to recreate the National Council for Indigenous Policy (CNPI) the collegiate had representatives from government ministries and bodies representatives of the indigenous movement and other sectors of civil society and had the function of discussing formulating and improving indigenous policies Lula also signed the decree establishing the Management Committee of the National Policy for Territorial and Environmental Management of Indigenous Lands (PNGATI) PNGATI was established in 2012 with the objective of guaranteeing the protection conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in indigenous territories the Planalto announced the release of R$ 12,3 million to Funai with “the objective of recovering the productive capacity of the Yanomami indigenous communities”.  The announcement adds to other federal government actions to face the humanitarian crisis experienced by these people including the removal of illegal miners and emergency health care which has had timid results for the communities so far Sonia Guajajara also announced measures that should be made official in the coming days such as the creation of an inter-ministerial committee to fight crime and remove invaders from the ILs A Working Group should also be set up to repair the indigenous communities affected by the construction of the Itaipu hydroelectric plant in the 1970s in Paraná Both Sonia and President Lula repeated that they intend to implement a career plan at Funai.  The minister asked the government to create an Indigenous Truth Commission to investigate crimes committed against indigenous peoples especially during the military dictatorship And she reinforced Lula's and the government's commitment to move forward with the demarcations.   “The creation of the ministry [of the Indigenous Peoples] is a first step And we all know that all these positive steps necessarily depend on guaranteeing our territories The first actions for a concrete and positive policy for indigenous peoples are the recognition and protection of indigenous territories” with 553 thousand hectares and located in the Legal Amazon with 20 thousand hectares and located in an important continuous mosaic of protected areas one in the South and another in the Midwest reaffirm the indigenous presence in all regions of Brazil The 2010 Census registered a total of 896,9 thousand people who declared themselves to be indigenous in more than four thousand municipalities these numbers should increase significantly as the preview of the 2022 Census indicates a total of 1,6 million self-declared indigenous people The TI Uneiuxi is part of the occupation territory of the Nadob an indigenous people from the Northwest Amazon of recent contact whose area of ​​occupation is located in the interfluvial regions of the Guaviare River Located in the municipalities of Japurá and Santa Isabel do Rio Negro the land tenure regularization of this IL began in 1982 with the constitution of a Working Group by Funai to identify and delimit the territory The studies were approved in March 1993 and five months later this area was declared when a contracted company drew the physical boundaries of the territory the Nadöb indigenous communities would come to realize that important parts had been left outside the demarcation of the 400-hectare area a new WG was constituted to review the territorial limits of the TI and include the areas of use excluded from the demarcation The new study was approved in September 2005 The new boundaries were declared in December 2006 since then the area has been awaiting approval by the President of the Republic for 17 years The Avá-Canoeiro Indigenous Land is part of what was once the traditional territory of the Avá-Canoeiro a Tupi group from Central Brazil that became notorious due to their great skill in using canoes Located in the municipalities of Colinas do Sul and Minaçu this IL had its recognition process started in 1983 after the traumatic process of contact with these indigenous people by the Brazilian State The Avá-Canoeiro are remnants of attacks perpetrated by ranchers such as the Mata do Café massacre in the 1960s when around 15 people were killed and their bodies burned along with their malocas the area was interdicted and the invaders began to be removed demarcated in 1999 and declared as permanent possession by the Ministry of Justice in 1996 Part of this was flooded by the Serra da Mesa Hydroelectric Power Plant The Avá-Canoeiro have been waiting for 24 years for the approval of their Indigenous Land Of traditional occupation of the indigenous people kaingang this IT is located in the northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul close to the border with Argentina and on the limit with the State of Santa Catarina The region of the Uruguay River has a strong historical presence of the Kaingang indigenous people after the first part of the 2000th century it began to have an intense occupation of colonization fronts leading to the loss of traditional territory for agricultural enterprises The delimitation studies were approved three years later with the area being declared at the end of 19 at least nine ordinances with procedures for surveying and evaluating improvements in non-indigenous occupations have been published The Kaingang of Rio dos Índios have been waiting for the homologation of their territory for XNUMX years Located on the border with Peru, in the municipality of Marechal Taumaturgo, state of Acre, the TI Arara do Rio Amônia is the territory of the people Apolima or Macaw of the river Amônia a group of families descended from indigenous peoples of different origins connected with the history of exploitation in the region's rubber plantations Its recognition process began in December 2001 and in September 2008 the president of Funai approved the report identifying and delimiting the area with 20.764 hectares and the declaration of its limits took place the following year The TI overlaps the Alto Juruá Extractive Reserve and the Serra do Divisor National Park and integrates an important continuous mosaic of Protected Areas of the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Incra) the main area occupied by the Apolima families TI has been waiting for the conclusion of its demarcation for 14 years Today around 500 people live in this territory almost twice as many as when the area was identified In the past, Barra do Mundaú, on the coast of Ceará, became a refuge for Tremembe pursued by invaders and ranchers in the Almofala region The Tremembé are an indigenous people with a historical presence in this region The Córrego João Pereira Indigenous Land is the only approved territory for this people which currently has a population of approximately four thousand people The territorial demands of the ethnic group can be traced back to the 30th century when landowners began invading their lands TI Barra do Mundaú is located in the municipality of Itapipoca There are 9,74 hectares of territory in an area with beaches with an overlap of 2009% with the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the Mundaú River Estuary The Tremembé dispute this land with a Spanish business group which intends to build a complex of resorts in the area it was only in 2012 that a Working Group was set up to identify and delimit the land in XNUMX the Minister of Justice declared it permanent possession of the group The Tremembé have been waiting eight years for TI approval The most relevant news for you to form your opinion on the socio-environmental agenda LAST ISSUE the day before their day-release privileges were due to be suspended over the coronavirus outbreak Sao Paulo state prison authorities and local media reported.The Sao Paulo state prison authority said it could not say how many inmates had escaped as it was "still tallying the exact number of fugitives." Local media reported that as many as 1,000 had fled from four jails - Mongaguá Porto Feliz and Mirandópolis - ahead of the lockdown.A video on social media showed a long stream of prisoners purportedly fleeing a prison Reuters was unable to verify the veracity or location of the video.The Sao Paulo state prison authority said "acts of insubordination" had taken place at the jails ahead of the suspension of the day-release program.The suspension was necessary because 34,000 convicts would be returning to jail and "would have a high potential to install and propagate the coronavirus in a vulnerable population generating health risks for servers and custodians." It said law enforcement were "taking care of the situation."Sao Paulo state is home to the First Capital Command which is expanding quickly across the country and in neighboring nations drugs and other contraband.Brazil's overstuffed prisons often see deadly prison riots between rival gangs.Reporting by Gabriel Stargardter; Editing by Leslie Adler Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles., opens new tab , opens new tab Browse an unrivalled portfolio of real-time and historical market data and insights from worldwide sources and experts. , opens new tabScreen for heightened risk individual and entities globally to help uncover hidden risks in business relationships and human networks. © 2025 Reuters. All rights reserved Subscribe to our English language newsletter and keep up-to-date with the most important news from Brazil All materials contained in this page may not be reproduced in any media without the prior written permission of Folhapress.