NYSE: ERO) ("Ero" or the “Company”) is pleased to confirm that full power has been restored at its Tucumã Operation following a temporary disruption caused by a severe localized windstorm in the southwest region of the Carajás Mineral Province in Pará State the Company has safely resumed the ramp-up of milling and filtration circuits within the processing plant Courtney Lynn, SVP, Corporate Development, Investor Relations & Sustainability (604) 335-7504 info@erocopper.com NYSE] said its Tucuma Operation in Brazil has experienced a temporary power disruption following a severe localized windstorm that occurred in the southwest region of Carajas Mineral Province in Para State on October 5 The announcement comes after Ero recently achieved its first saleable copper concentrate production at the Tucuma Project The milestone was achieved following the successful commissioning of the milling and flotation operations prior to the end of the second quarter of 2024 Commercial production is expected to be achieved by the end of the third quarter of 2024 and there has been no damage to the infrastructure at the Tucuma Operation including the main 230 kV transmission line servicing the region resulting in a loss of power to more than 200,000 residents as well as all major industrial users Power has since been fully restored to residential communities and partially restored to industrial consumers The owner and operator of the transmission line has advised that full restoration to industrial consumers including the Tucuma Operation is expected in two weeks Ero said the power disruption at Tucuma has impacted the milling flotation and filtration circuits within the processing plant Mining and crushing operations remain unaffected with ore continuing to be placed on the run-of-mine and ore stockpiles The company said it expects the primary impact will be on the ramp-up schedule of the processing plant “While the extent of the impact will depend on the timing of full power restoration Ero Copper remains well-positioned to manage this temporary disruption and will provide further updates as the situation develops,” the company said in a press release Ero shares fell 5.08% or $1.51 to $28.20 in early trading Monday The shares currently trade in a 52-week range of $32.89 and $15.72 Ero is a Brazil-focused base metals mining company Its key asset is a 99.6% stake in Mineracao Caraiba S.A a long-established Brazilian copper mining company MCSA’s primary assets are the fully integrated mining and processing operations of the Caraiba Operations (formerly known as the MCSA Mining Complex) in northeastern Brazil Ero recently said the Caraiba operations produced 8,091 tonnes of copper in concentrate in the first quarter of 2024 The company’s Xavantina Operations produced 18,234 ounces of gold in the quarter MCSA owns 100% of the “turn key” Tucuma (formerly Boa Esperanca) an IOCG-type copper deposit located in Para State Ero CEO David Strang has said the project will play an integral role in the company’s plans to become a 100,000 tonne-per-year copper producer Results of an optimized feasibility study announced in September indicated up front capital costs of US$294 million The study envisioned life of mine average annual copper production of 27,000 tonnes at a cash cost of US$1.36 per pound is company that offers investors an opportunity to participate.. By Peter Kennedy Namib Minerals is set to become a publicly traded company in the U.S.,.. is a company that offers investors an opportunity into early-stage.. is entering a new growth phase as it moves to.. By Peter Kennedy Lack of available infrastructure has long been a perceived impediment to the development.. By Peter Kennedy The Golden Triangle mining district in northwestern British Columbia ranks among the richest.. 43,000+ global companies doing business in the region 102,000+ key contacts related to companies and projects news and interviews about your industry in English It looks like nothing was found at this location Copper Rod Market Analysis: Industry Market Size Copyright © ChemAnalyst - 2020 | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACTCourtney Lynn, SVP, Corporate Development, Investor Relations & Sustainability (604) 335-7504info@erocopper.com CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING INFORMATION AND STATEMENTS Forward-looking statements contained herein are made as of the date of this press release and the Company disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise, except as and to the extent required by applicable securities laws. Volume 9 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01647 Tucumã oil is sourced from the fruit pulp of the tucumã tree and contains high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids Due to these properties it may have the potential to decrease enteric methane (CH4) from ruminants when included in the diet The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oil mechanically extracted from the fruit pulp of tucumã on fermentation characteristics CH4 production and the microbial community using the rumen stimulation technique Treatments consisted of a control diet (forage:concentrate; 70:30) and tucumã oil included at 0.5 or 1.0% (v/v) Addition of tucumã oil linearly decreased (P < 0.01) dry matter disappearance Total gas (mL/d) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production (mL/d mL/g DM) were unaffected (P ≥ 0.36) to increasing addition of tucumã oil where 0.5% (v/v) of Tucumã oil numerically increased both variables Acetate and butyrate percentages of total VFA were linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01) and propionate and valerate percentages of total VFA were linearly increased (P < 0.01) by increasing concentrations of tucumã oil added to the substrate The ratio of acetate to propionate was linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing concentration of tucumã oil Methane production (mL/d) was linearly decreased (P = 0.04) with increasing addition of tucumã oil to the substrate Tucumã oil reduced the bacterial richness and diversity when included at 1.0% (v/v) in both solid- and liquid- associated microbes The abundance of the genera Fibrobacter and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group were decreased and Pyramidobacter and Selenomonas were enriched by the addition of 1.0% tucumã oil tucumã oil resulted in the favorable shift in fermentation products away from acetate toward propionate decreasing the production of CH4 when tucumã oil was included at 1.0% (v/v) substrate digestibility was also inhibited The rumen microbiota was also altered by the addition of tucumã oil We hypothesized that the inclusion of tucumã oil would decrease CH4 emissions and alter the ruminal bacterial community the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tucumã oil supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters CH4 production and the rumen microbiota using the rumen stimulation technique (RUSITEC) The donor cows used in this experiment were cared for in accordance with the guidelines of the German Animal Welfare Act approved by the Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three treatments duplicated in two runs with two replicates per run The three treatments consisted of a control (no tucumã oil inclusion) and two different inclusions of tucumã oil in the substrate DM at 0.53% (0.5%) and 1.07% (1.0%) of liquid vessel volume (4 and 8 mL/d respectively; 0.38 and 0.77 mL/g substrate DM) The experimental period was 15 days with day 1–7 used for adaptation and day 8–15 used for measurements Tucumã oil was administered throughout the whole experimental period The substrate used was a hay:concentrate (70:30 DM basis; 92.3% DM, 13.5% CP, 62% NDF, and 5.2% ash – DM basis; Table 1) using hay obtained from natural grassland of Lower Saxony, Germany. Hay was prepared using an electrical clipper with a 76-mm blade (Duarte et al., 2017a) The commercial concentrate was pelleted (Deuka Schaffutter Both the hay and substrate were weighed into the same nylon bag (10 cm × 5 cm pore size 50 ± 10 μm; in situ nylon bags Ankom Technology United States) for a total mass of 10.4 g of substrate (DM-basis) Chemical composition of the hay and concentrate (%DM) and fatty composition of Tucumã oil Rumen inoculum was obtained from two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows Cattle were fed grass hay ad libitum and 600 g/d of a commercial concentrate These were the same feeds used as substrate Rumen contents were separated into rumen fluid and solid content by straining through gauze Samples for DNA were taken from the solid and liquid fractions from each cow and frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) Samples were then stored at -40°C until they were placed in a freeze dryer (over 48 h) samples were kept at -20°C until DNA extraction Fluid samples from each cow were pooled together and the pH and redox potential were recorded. Samples (2 mL) were also taken and stored at -20°C for determination of volatile fatty acids (VFA; Duarte et al., 2017a) and ammonia (NH3-N; Duarte et al., 2017a) Prewarmed 800 mL fermentation vessels were placed in the RUSITEC apparatus (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977) and water was kept at 39°C Each fermentation vessel had an inner vessel which contained one nylon bag with 70 g of solid digesta and one bag containing the basal substrate in which the tucumã oil was added immediately before incubation Tucumã oil was inserted into the bags using a pipette (4 and 8 mL for 0.5 and 1.0% (v/v) treatments Each fermenter was filled with approximately 750 mL of rumen fluid and infused with McDougall’s buffer at a dilution rate of 30 mL/h The inner vessels were continuously moved up and down by an electric motor to ensure adequate mixing between fluid and particles the bag with the solid rumen digesta was replaced with a bag containing the substrate Bags were replaced with a fresh bag containing feed after 48 h of incubation Bags from day 15 were not used for DM determination as they were only incubated for 24 h Effluent was collected in 2 L glass flasks which were kept on ice to arrest bacterial growth and fermentation Total daily gas production was collected in gas-tight bags (Plastigas two 20 mL aliquots were taken from the septum of each gas bag and transferred into evacuated tubes for the analysis of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) Total daily gas production was measured using a drum-type meter (Ritter Apparatebau and 15 nylon bags (solid associated microbes; SAM) as well as 30 mL of fermenter liquid (liquid associated microbes; LAM – d15 only) were removed from each vessel and immediately placed in liquid nitrogen for later extraction of DNA and 15) to evaluate differences in microbial communities across the experiment Samples were stored at -40°C until they were placed in a freeze dryer (over 48 h) Samples were then finely ground using a coffee grinder and placed back into the freezer until DNA extraction The liquid samples were freeze dried for 4 day and then ground using a mortar and pestle Total DNA was extracted from each sample using a QIAamp Fast DNA stool mini kit (Qiagen according to the manufacturer’s instructions DNA yield and purity were measured using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher Scientific Extracted DNA was stored at -20°C until 16S rRNA gene library preparation and sequencing The modified 515-F and 806-R primers as found in Walters et al. (2016) were used to PCR amplify the V4 hypervariable of both the archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The PCR conditions and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was as previously described (Duarte et al., 2017a) a two-step PCR was used to generate the 16S rRNA gene amplicons and these amplicons were then sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq instrument (Illumina United States) using the MiSeq Reagent Kit v2 (500 cycles) (Illumina according to manufacturer’s instructions All 16S rRNA gene sequences were deposited into the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under BioProject accessions PRJNA416148 The minimum values of Akaike’s information criterion were used to select the covariance structure among Compound Symmetry Unstructured and Banded for each parameter When P ≤ 0.05 for Type III fixed effects for treatment orthogonal polynomial contrasts were carried out to test for linear and quadratic responses to increasing concentrations of tucumã oil [0 Since there was no quadratic effect (P ≥ 0.05) observed in any parameter tested these P-values were omitted from the tables Treatment means were compared using the least squares mean linear hypothesis test (LSMEANS/DIFF) Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10 A minimum LDA score of 4.0 was used as the threshold for classifying differentially abundant genera There was a significant interaction between treatment and day for acetate production (mmol/d) where 1% tucumã supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) acetate production at days 10 and 12–14 compared to control (interaction means not shown) There was also a significant treatment by day interaction for ammonia production (mmol/d) where 1% tucumã supplementation decreased ammonia production compared to the control at day 10 only (interaction means not shown) Effect of Tucumã oil on dry matter digestibility the molar percentages of individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) ammonia and total VFA concentrations in a Rusitec fed a mixed hay – concentrate diet Total gas production (mL/d) was unaffected (P = 0.45) by tucumã oil supplementation (Table 3). Similarly, tucumã oil addition did not affect (P ≥ 0.36) production of CO2 (mL/d, mg/g DM, mg/g DMD). Methane production (mL/d) was linearly decreased (P = 0.05) where production at 1% tucumã oil was halved compared to the control and 0.5% inclusion of tucumã oil (Table 3) When CH4 was expressed as mg CH4/g DM and mg CH4/g DM disappeared treatment × day interaction was significant mg CH4/g DM was lower in treatment 1% tucumã compared to the control CH4 was only different on day 12 and 13 within the 0.5% (v/v) treatment with no other differences observed between treatments Effect of Tucumã oil on gas production in a Rusitec fed a mixed hay – concentrate diet The LAM and SAM samples had significantly different bacterial community structures (R2 = 0.08; P ≤ 0.001); however, most of the abundant genera were shared between the two sample types (Supplementary Figures S1, S2) Principal coordinates analysis plots of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarities for solid-associated microbes (SAM) by treatment and sampling time Percentages of variation explained by the principal coordinates are indicated on the axes Box plots of the (A) Number of OTUs and (B) Shannon diversity index by treatment and sampling time for solid-associated microbes (SAM) Different lowercase letters within each sampling time indicate significantly different means (P < 0.05) n = 4 Box plots of the (A) number of OTUs and (B) Shannon diversity index by treatment for liquid-associated microbes (LAM; day 15) Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different means (P < 0.05) Principal coordinates analysis plots of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarities for liquid-associated microbes (LAM) samples by treatment at day 15 Percentages of variation explained by the principal coordinates are indicated on the axes n = 4 (P < 0.05; LDA score ≥ 4.0) Given that the greatest dissimilarity among samples was observed at day 15 between the 1.0% tucumã oil and control treatments, we identified genera that were most strongly associated with each treatment group at day 15 for both LAM and SAM samples (LDA score > 4.0; Table 4) Many of the differentially abundant genera between the two treatments were the same for both LAM and SAM samples including; Fibrobacter Tucumã oil appeared to have the greatest positive effect on Olsenella (33.6-fold increase) and Pyramidobacter (23.5-fold increase) in the LAM samples Differentially abundant genera identified between the control and 1% Tucumã oil treatment for liquid- and solid- associated microbes (LAM and SAM respectively) in a RUSITEC system with a mixed hay – concentrate diet Only three methanogenic genera were detected including Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera, and Methanomicrobium. There was no effect on the relative abundance on any of the detected methanogenic genera in either LAM and SAM samples at any sampling time (Supplementary Table S2) Tucumã oil was included at 0.50 and 1.0% (v/v) of total fermenter volume due to the dilution factor of the oil in the RUSITEC. Duarte et al. (2017b) suggested when they included Pequi oil into a Rusitec fermenter at 6% dietary fat content of the TMR that when expressed as the total fermenter volume oil was only included at 0.18% of total fermenter volume It was suggested that this may have contributed to conflicting results between the Rusitec and a previous in vitro batch culture they had conducted this expression of treatment is not extrapolable to the rumen diet as when calculated on a DM basis these concentrations constitute as 27.4 and 43.0% of total added substrate (i.e. although the PCR primers used in the present study target both the archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene they are not specific for the methanogenic populations and therefore it is possible that their abundance is underestimated in the present study The concentration of NH3-N was not affected when tucumã oil was included The addition of tucumã oil resulted in the favorable shift in fermentation products away from acetate toward propionate decreasing the production of CH4 when tucumã oil was included at 1.0% dry matter digestibility was also negatively affected by tucumã oil addition into the substrate which is undesirable The structure of the rumen microbiota was significantly altered and the bacterial richness and diversity decreased in the 1.0% tucumã oil treatment for both LAM and SAM samples Tucumã oil lowered the abundance of the genera Fibrobacter and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and enriched Pyramidobacter Whilst tucumã oil may be used in the ruminant diet to suppress CH4 production it needs to be further evaluated using in vitro techniques at lower concentrations to investigate whether diet digestibility can be affected We thank CAPES and Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA) for financial support of AR and ST We thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for supporting AC during his fellowship Special thanks to Marion Burmester for her lab assistance as well as students and staff at the Department of Physiology We also thank the Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Pará (PROPESP UFPA) for the payment of this publication The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01647/full#supplementary-material FIGURE S1 | Relative abundance (%) of the ten most abundant genera in the solid-associated microbe (SAM) samples by treatment and sampling time FIGURE S2 | Relative abundance (%) of the ten most abundant genera in the liquid-associated microbe (LAM) samples by treatment at day 15 FIGURE S3 | Principal coordinates analysis plot of the Bray–Curtis dissimilarities for SAM samples by treatment at day 15 FIGURE S4 | Bray–Curtis dissimilarities between treatments by sampling time for SAM samples Error bars represent standard error of the mean (n = 16 comparisons) Different lowercase letters within each sampling time indicate significantly different means (P < 0.05) FIGURE S5 | Bray–Curtis dissimilarities between treatmentsfor LAM samples TABLE S1 | Effect of tucumã oil on volatile fatty acids and ammonia production in a RUSITEC fed a mixed hay – concentrate diet TABLE S2 | Percent relative abundance of methanogenic genera detected in LAM and SAM samples by sampling time and treatment (n = 4) Effects of blend of canola oil and palm oil on nutrient intake and digestibility rumen fermentation and fatty acids in goats Synthesis: characterization and study of the thermal behavior of methylic and ethylic biodiesel produced from tucumã (Astrocaryum huaimi Mart.) seed oil Association Official Analytical Chemistry [AOAC] (1998) Inclusion of glycerol in forage diets increases methane production in a rumen simulation technique system Treatment with tucumã oil (Astrocaryum vulgare) for diabetic mice prevents changes in seric enzymes of 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Google Scholar Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock – a Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Google Scholar Effect of dietary fat blend enriched in oleic or linoleic acid and monensin supplementation on dairy cattle performance Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range Growth and rumen function of gnotobiotic lambs fed on starchy diets Effect of replacing solvent-extracted canola meal with high-oil traditional canola or high-erucic acid rapeseed meals on rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition in lactating dairy cows Conversion of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid by two species of ruminal bacteria Board-invited review: recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem Antimicrobial activity of Amazon Astrocaryum aculeatum extracts and its association to oxidative metabolism CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood An improved approximation to the precision of fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Invited review: enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions Splanchnic metabolism of VFA absorbed from the washed reticulorumen of steers Net portal appearance of volatile fatty acids in sheep intraruminally infused with mixtures of acetate Least-squares means: the R package lsmeans CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Effects of long-chain Fatty acids on growth of rumen bacteria Google Scholar Redirecting rumen fermentation to reduce methanogenesis Illumina MiSeq phylogenetic amplicon sequencing shows a large reduction of an uncharacterised succinivibrionaceae and an increase of the Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii clade in feed restricted cattle Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data A phylogenomic view of ecological specialization in the Lachnospiraceae a family of digestive tract-associated bacteria Google Scholar Illumina sequencing approach to characterize thiamine metabolism related bacteria and the impacts of thiamine supplementation on ruminal microbiota in dairy cows fed high-grain diets Rumen bacterial diversity dynamics associated with changing from bermudagrass hay to grazed winter wheat diets R Core Team (2017) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools Determination of the mating system of Tucumã palm using microsatellite markers Studies on potential effects of fumaric acid on rumen microbial fermentation methane production and microbial community CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition The rumen microbial metagenome associated with high methane production in cattle Improved bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4 and V4-5) and fungal internal transcribed spacer marker gene primers for microbial community surveys Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy Influence of oleic acid on rumen fermentation and fatty acid formation in vitro Microbial ecology of the rumen evaluated by 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing is affected by starch and oil supplementation of diets Silva AGM and Chaves AV (2018) Tucumã Oil Shifted Ruminal Fermentation Reducing Methane Production and Altering the Microbiome but Decreased Substrate Digestibility Within a RUSITEC Fed a Mixed Hay – Concentrate Diet Copyright © 2018 Ramos, Terry, Holman, Breves, Pereira, Silva and Chaves. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Alexandre V. Chaves, YWxleC5jaGF2ZXNAc3lkbmV5LmVkdS5hdQ== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Tucumã tree is a native tree from the Amazonian region The tree produces from 2 to 3 fruit bunches annually and each one weighs between 1 and 30kg Beraca and Clariant work with communities in the north of Brazil to collect the seeds to produce Beraca Tucumã Butter. The collection of seeds contributes to the reduction of the areas destined for manioc plantations and brings additional income to the communities and the production is carried out based on organic agriculture practices The Tucumã copper project was approved for construction in February 2023 and commenced construction in Q2 2023 The Tucumã copper project (formerly Boa Esperanca project) is an open-pit mine in Pará The Boa Esperance deposit concession was acquired by Mineracao Caraiba (MCSA) from Nacional del Cobre (Codelco) in 2007 Ero Copper acquired an approximately 85% interest in MCSA in December 2016 and an additional 14.5% in December 2017 An optimised feasibility study for the project was completed in September 2021 The study highlighted a mine life of 12 years and an investment of $294.2m The project was approved for construction in February 2022 and construction works commenced in the second quarter of the same year First production from the mine is expected in the second half of 2024 The project is expected to produce approximately 35,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) of copper concentrates for the first five years and up to 27,000tpa over the rest of the mine life The Tucumã copper project is situated within the Carajas mineral province approximately 40km south-west Tucuma in Pará The Carajas mineral province is divided by two distinct Archean tectonic domains – Carajas and Rio Maria The base and precious metal bearing Carajas domain is associated with granitic rocks The Rio Maria domain is host to Mesoarchean granite and greenstone belts that are intruded by Archean granitoids with Paleoproterozoic fissure-controlled volcanic rocks The Tucumã copper deposit occurs within a north-northeast trending isolated hill Mineralisation is hosted in a Neoarchean biotite-granite intersected by breccias composed of quartz and magnetite The proven and probable mineral reserves at the Tucumã copper project are estimated at 43.05Mt grading 0.83% copper The Tucumã copper project will be operated as a conventional open-pit mine with diesel mining equipment The plan involves a single mine area with consecutive mining phases or pushbacks Mining will be carried out in 8m benches using 5.2m³/3.9m³ (waste/ore) backhoe configured excavator and 38t conventional trucks and double flitching to improve selectivity Fresh rock in interim and final slopes will utilise a 16m double bench Mining operations are planned to be conducted in two phases Phase one will consist of pre-production and five years of production through contract mining Phase two will begin in year six with owner equipment and labour The processing plant for the Tucumã copper project is designed based on a nominal operating capacity of four million tonnes per annum The run-of-mine (ROM) ore will undergo primary crushing in a conventional three-stage crushing circuit consisting of a primary single jaw crusher The crushed ore will be transferred to a grinding circuit consisting of a ball mill and a discharge screen in a closed circuit with a classifying cyclone cluster The copper flotation circuit will consist of a conventional rougher flotation stage followed by rougher concentrate regrind to further reduce the size of the concentrate a Jameson cleaner scalper stage and two stages of cleaner flotation to produce the final copper concentrate Copper concentrates from the rougher flotation cells will be combined with the cleaner scavenger concentrate and pumped to the regrind mill cyclone cluster The regrind circuit will consist of a regrind cyclone cluster in an open circuit with the regrind mill Tailings from the rougher flotation circuit will be combined with copper cleaner scavenger tailings and fed directly to the pyrite flotation circuit The tailings will be fed to a bank of six flotation cells to separate the pyrite concentrate The final concentrate from the copper flotation circuit will be dewatered in the dewatering circuit comprised of a high-rate thickener filter feed tank and a vertical plate pressure filter The concentrate will be dewatered to reduce the moisture to approximately 10% solids (by weight) The concentrate will be fed to a high-rate thickener and then filtered in a conventional vertical plate pressure filter The resulting copper concentrate product will be stored for export The project can be accessed by road from Ourilandia do Norte and Tucumã state highway PA-150 Power will be supplied by Equatorial Energia Para the public electricity supplier for the region 138kV power line is proposed to connect to the Tucuma substation Process water will be drawn from Jataba Creek and will be stored in a raw water reservoir The stored water will also serve as the raw water gland water and potable water for use within the project The 2021 feasibility study was prepared by Ausenco Engineering Canada an affiliate of Australia-based engineering company Ausenco Ausenco was also responsible for mineral processing and metallurgical testing, processing design External analytical control data containing the assay results of the quality control samples for the project was provided by MCSA SRK Consulting was contracted to prepare the feasibility study provided the mineral reserve estimates and mine plan for the Tucumã copper project Give your business an edge with our leading industry insights View all newsletters from across the GlobalData Media network The dates displayed for an article provide information on when various publication milestones were reached at the journal that has published the article activities on preceding journals at which the article was previously under consideration are not shown (for instance submission Journal of Environmental Chemical EngineeringCitation Excerpt :The increase of C is expected [23,30,36] because volatile organic groups containing hydrogen and oxygen are released in the pyrolysis step The increase in the percentage of nitrogen is due to the entrapment of it as pyrrole and pyridinic rings in activated carbon structure [23,42] The hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance (HI) [22,39] of ABc-600 activated carbon was 0.819 All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. NYSE: ERO) (the “Company”) is pleased to provide a construction update for the Tucumã Project (the "Project") highlighting significant progress since October 2023 With physical completion now at over 85% and production of copper concentrate scheduled to commence in H2 2024 the Company has initiated the transition from construction to commissioning as outlined below in the 2024 Commissioning Plan "As we transition from construction to commissioning the paramount achievement at Tucumã is the outstanding safety performance of our construction team we have surpassed three million hours of work without a lost time incident I extend my heartfelt congratulations to our Project leadership team as well as the 2,200 employees and contractors on site for their continued diligence and thoughtful execution in advancing Tucumã towards production," said David Strang "This is an exciting phase for Ero Copper as we prepare to bring Tucumã into operation later this year and anticipate consolidated copper production reaching over 100,000 tonnes in 2025 With the recent shift in copper supply-demand fundamentals signaling supply deficits in 2024 and 2025 the timing of our growth trajectory couldn't be better." Figure 1: January 2024 aerial view of advanced pre-stripping activities which are 10% ahead of schedule and tracking towards completion at the end of Q1 2024 Figure 2: Ball mill and hydrocyclone battery as of January 2024 Figure 3: Flotation cells and tailings thickener as of January 2024 Figure 5: Completed primary sub-station and power line with tie-in to the national grid as of January 2024 low carbon-intensity copper producer with operations in Brazil and corporate headquarters in Vancouver The Company's primary asset is a 99.6% interest in the Brazilian copper mining company 100% owner of the Company's Caraíba Operations (formerly known as the MCSA Mining Complex) Brazil and include the Pilar and Vermelhos underground mines and the Surubim open pit mine and the Tucumã Project (formerly known as Boa Esperança) an IOCG-type copper project located in Pará The Company also owns 97.6% of NX Gold S.A ("NX Gold") which owns the Xavantina Operations (formerly known as the NX Gold Mine) comprised of an operating gold and silver mine located in Mato Grosso Additional information on the Company and its operations including technical reports on the Caraíba Operations can be found on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca/landingpage/ and on EDGAR (www.sec.gov) The Company’s shares are publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ERO” Courtney Lynn, SVP, Corporate Development, Investor Relations & Sustainability(604) 335-7504info@erocopper.com This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively Forward-looking statements include statements that use forward-looking terminology such as “may” “view” or the negative or grammatical variation thereof or other variations thereof or comparable terminology statements with respect to the timing of energizing the power line at the Project the expected timing of completion of pre-stripping activities the expected completion of construction activities and transition to commissioning as detailed in the 2024 Commissioning Plan the timing of initial copper concentrate production the projected copper supply deficit in 2024 Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements Forward-looking statements involve statements about the future and are inherently uncertain achievements or other future events or conditions may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks those referred to herein and in the AIF under the heading “Risk Factors” The Company’s forward-looking statements are based on the assumptions expectations and opinions of management on the date the statements are made many of which may be difficult to predict and beyond the Company’s control In connection with the forward-looking statements contained in this press release and in the AIF the Company has made certain assumptions about among other things: continued effectiveness of the measures taken by the Company to mitigate the possible impact of COVID-19 on its workforce and operations; favourable equity and debt capital markets; the ability to raise any necessary additional capital on reasonable terms to advance the production development and exploration of the Company’s properties and assets; future prices of copper gold and other metal prices; the timing and results of exploration and drilling programs; the accuracy of any mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates; the geology of the Caraíba Operations the Xavantina Operations and the Tucumã Project being as described in the respective technical report for each property; production costs; the accuracy of budgeted exploration development and construction costs and expenditures; the price of other commodities such as fuel; future currency exchange rates and interest rates; operating conditions being favourable such that the Company is able to operate in a safe efficient and effective manner; work force continuing to remain healthy in the face of prevailing epidemics pandemics or other health risks (including COVID-19) political and regulatory stability; the receipt of governmental licenses and permits on favourable terms; obtaining required renewals for existing approvals licenses and permits on favourable terms; requirements under applicable laws; sustained labour stability; stability in financial and capital goods markets; availability of equipment; positive relations with local groups and the Company’s ability to meet its obligations under its agreements with such groups; and satisfying the terms and conditions of the Company’s current loan arrangements Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date of this press release these assumptions are subject to significant business competitive and other risks and uncertainties contingencies and other factors that could cause actual actions performance or achievements to be materially different from those projected in the forward-looking statements The Company cautions that the foregoing list of assumptions is not exhaustive Other events or circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimated or projected and expressed in the forward-looking statements contained in this press release readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements Forward-looking statements contained herein are made as of the date of this press release and the Company disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement except as and to the extent required by applicable securities laws CAUTIONARY NOTES REGARDING MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES all reserve and resource estimates included in this presentation and the documents incorporated by reference herein have been prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101") and the Canadian Institute of Mining Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) — CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects differ significantly from the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and reserve and resource information included herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S and without limiting the generality of the foregoing this presentation and the documents incorporated by reference herein use the terms “measured resources,” “indicated resources” and “inferred resources” as defined in accordance with NI 43-101 and the CIM Standards mineral property disclosure requirements in the United States (the “U.S Rules”) are governed by subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K of the U.S Securities Act”) which differ from the CIM Standards As a foreign private issuer that is eligible to file reports with the SEC pursuant to the multi-jurisdictional disclosure system (the “MJDS”) Ero is not required to provide disclosure on its mineral properties under the U.S Rules and will continue to provide disclosure under NI 43-101 and the CIM Standards If Ero ceases to be a foreign private issuer or loses its eligibility to file its annual report on Form 40-F pursuant to the MJDS which differ from the requirements of NI 43-101 and the CIM Standards the SEC recognizes estimates of “measured mineral resources” “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources.” In addition the definitions of “proven mineral reserves” and “probable mineral reserves” under the U.S Rules are now “substantially similar” to the corresponding standards under NI 43-101 Mineralization described using these terms has a greater amount of uncertainty as to its existence and feasibility than mineralization that has been characterized as reserves investors are cautioned not to assume that any measured mineral resources or inferred mineral resources that Ero reports are or will be economically or legally mineable “inferred mineral resources” have a greater amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically estimates of “inferred mineral resources” may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies Rules are “substantially similar” to the standards under NI 43-101 and CIM Standards there are differences in the definitions under the U.S there is no assurance any mineral reserves or mineral resources that Ero may report as “proven mineral reserves” “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources” under NI 43-101 would be the same had Ero prepared the reserve or resource estimates under the standards adopted under the U.S Photos accompanying this announcement are available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/8ed591aa-32fd-47c8-a3a2-9b52a8222224 https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/e15e3d59-7bc9-492e-80db-0e0dcc787847 https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/3f0adfa3-08c6-4c75-8d71-3a5a06ac2127 https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/033f84fa-85f4-4c75-955c-d5847342b047 https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/3e4a5d29-c94d-46c1-ab64-721221b89879 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --  Ero Copper Corp NYSE: ERO) (“Ero” or the “Company”) is pleased to announce its operating and financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30 Management will host a conference call tomorrow Dial-in details for the call can be found near the end of this press release (*) These are non-IFRS measures and do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and might not be comparable to similar financial measures disclosed by other issuers Please refer to the Company’s discussion of Non-IFRS measures in its Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the three and nine months ended September 30 2024 and the Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures section at the end of this press release “The third quarter and year-to-date period presented both significant achievements to celebrate and new challenges to navigate,” said David Strang “We have reached the inflection point we have been working towards since the publication of Tucumã's Optimized Feasibility Study in September 2021 With construction complete and ramp-up to commercial production underway reaching this milestone in just over three years is a remarkable accomplishment including power-related challenges that have impacted our ramp-up schedule at Tucumã we made progress in accelerating underground development rates at the Pilar Mine though the performance of a third-party development contractor has been below expectations and our team is actively working on returning to plan our financial results have been strengthened by improved operating margins driven by significantly lower unit costs at Caraíba and higher realized gold prices at Xavantina with 2025 on track to be our best year yet and look forward to delivering strong value for our stakeholders." (1) For further details on the power disruption and resumption of ramp-up activities please refer the Company's press releases dated October 5 The Company continued to advance its growth pipeline with the announcement of an initial National Instrument 43-101 compliant mineral resource estimate for Furnas Copper-Gold Project (the "Project") on October 2 supported by over 90,000 meters of historic drilling highlights the significant potential of this Project the Company also commenced the Phase 1 drill program under the definitive earn-in agreement(1) for the Project after receiving drilling permits from the Pará State environmental agency in September 2024 designed to support a preliminary economic assessment on the Project is focused on infill drilling and extending high-grade zones within the broader deposit to depth For more information on the Project's initial mineral resource estimate and the Phase 1 drill program please refer to the Company's press release dated October 2 the Company signed a definitive earn-in agreement ("Agreement") with Salobo Metais S.A. located in the Carajás Mineral Province in Pará State The terms of the Agreement align with the previously signed binding term sheet outlined in the Company's press release dated October 30 adjusted net income (loss) attributable to owners of the Company adjusted net income (loss) per share attributable to owners of the Company copper C1 cash cost including foreign exchange hedges gold C1 cash cost and gold AISC are non- IFRS measures These measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and might not be comparable to similar financial measures disclosed by other issuers 2024 and the Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures section at the end of this press release.(2) Copper C1 cash cost including foreign exchange hedges was $1.72 in Q3 2024 (Q3 2023 - $1.77) and $2.04 in YTD 2024 (YTD 2024 - $1.73) The Company is updating production guidance for both the Caraíba and Tucumã Operations resulting in a consolidated copper production guidance for the year of 43,000 to 48,000 tonnes in concentrate Due to the anticipated delay in achieving commercial production at the Tucumã Operation the Company is narrowing 2024 C1 cash cost guidance to only include the Caraíba Operations The Company is reaffirming full-year C1 cash cost guidance for the Caraíba Operations of $1.80 to $2.00 per pound of copper produced including improved concentrate treatment and refining charges secured as of May 2024 and a more favorable USD to BRL exchange rate are expected to more than offset the impact of lower projected copper production the Company is reaffirming increased full-year gold production guidance of 60,000 to 65,000 ounces with similar production levels and unit cost performance expected in Q4 2024 compared to Q3 2024 the Company is reaffirming its reduced gold cost guidance ranges including C1 cash cost guidance of $450 to $550 per ounce and AISC guidance of $900 to $1,000 per ounce The Company is also maintaining consolidated 2024 capital expenditure guidance of $303 to $348 million The Company's cost guidance for 2024 assumes a foreign exchange rate of 5.00 BRL per USD a gold price of $1,900 per ounce and a silver price of $23.00 per ounce for Q4 2024 * Guidance is based on certain estimates and assumptions grade and continuity of interpreted geological formations and metallurgical performance Please refer to the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form and Management of Risks and Uncertainties in the MD&A for complete risk factors (1) Please refer to the section titled "Alternative Performance (Non-IFRS) Measures" within the MD&A The Company will hold a conference call on Wednesday 2024 at 11:30 am Eastern time (8:30 am Pacific time) to discuss these results Financial results of the Company are presented in accordance with IFRS The Company utilizes certain alternative performance (non-IFRS) measures to monitor its performance adjusted net income attributable to owners of the Company These performance measures have no standardized meaning prescribed within generally accepted accounting principles under IFRS and amounts presented may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other mining companies These non-IFRS measures are intended to provide supplemental information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS Copper C1 cash cost and copper C1 cash cost including foreign exchange hedges The following table provides a reconciliation of copper C1 cash cost to cost of production The following table provides a reconciliation of gold C1 cash cost and gold AISC to cost of production depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and Adjusted EBITDA The following table provides a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income Adjusted net income attributable to owners of the Company and Adjusted net income per share attributable to owners of the Company The following table provides a reconciliation of Adjusted net income attributable to owners of the Company and Adjusted EPS to net income attributable to the owners of the Company The following table provides a calculation of net debt (cash) based on amounts presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements as at the periods presented The following table provides a calculation for these based on amounts presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements as at the periods presented the Company entered into a $50.0 million non-priced copper prepayment facility arrangement the Company has the option to increase the size of the facility from $50.0 million to $75.0 million Courtney Lynn, SVP, Corporate Development, Investor Relations & Sustainability (604) 335-7504info@erocopper.com HTTP Error 400. 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Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1106619 This article is part of the Research TopicGreenhouse Gases Mitigation Strategies in Grazing RuminantsView all 6 articles The use of co-products as a feed supplement for ruminants makes livestock sustainable and optimizes the use of available areas and animal performance the residual fat composition can influence ruminal metabolism and methane (CH4) production This study aimed to assess the effects of a diet containing cupuassu (CUP; Theobroma grandiflorum) and tucuma (TUC; Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) cakes on intake and CH4 emissions in confined sheep in the Amazon with an average initial live weight (ILW) of 35 ± 2.3 kg with four treatments and seven replications: (1) Control (C40) without the addition of Amazonian cake and with 40 g of ether extract (EE)/kg of dietary dry matter (DM); (2) CUP the inclusion of the CUP cake and 70 g of EE/kg; (3) TUC the inclusion of the TUC cake and 70 g of EE/kg; and (4) Control (C80) without the addition of Amazonian cake and with 80 g of EE/kg of dietary DM with roughage to concentrate ratio of 40:60 The use of the TUC cake as a feed supplement reduced the intake of DM and EE compared to the inclusion of the CUP cake (p < 0.05); however it increased the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 32% (p < 0.01) The highest averages of DM (732 g/kg) and CP (743 g/kg) digestibility were presented in C40 while the highest digestibility of NDF was presented in TUC (590 g/kg) Albumin levels stayed above and protein levels were below the reference values and the C40 diet also obtained below results for cholesterol triglycerides and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (P < 0.05) Sheep fed CUP (91 g) and TUC (45 g) had lower daily weight gains (DWGs) than those fed with diets without the inclusion of cakes (C40 = 119 g; C80 = 148 g) and feed efficiency (FE) was also lower in CUP (84) and TUC (60) diets than in C40 (119) and C80 (137) diets CH4 emissions were lower in animals fed TUC (26 L/day) and higher in C40 (35 L/day); however TUC resulted in higher CH4 emissions in grams/body live weight (BW) gain/day (353 g/BW/day) vs The supplementation with cakes did not improve intake did not compromise blood metabolites and did not reduce the enteric CH4 emission in confined sheep in the Amazon; however the use of CUP cake showed similar results to the control treatments and did not increase CH4 emissions as occurred with the inclusion of TUC cake With over 2 billion tons of agricultural residues accumulated worldwide, research on the management of this biomass is crucial for the preservation of the environment (1). Supplementation of ruminants with co-products has therefore been extensively studied and has shown promising results (2–4), including as a mitigator of daily methane (CH4) emissions (6–8) The preservation and use of this material is also a relevant issue for the entire agri-food sector as it enables agribusiness to move toward circular economy models and sustainable production, promoting economic development with environmental and resource protection (9, 10) Typical of the Brazilian Amazon, the fruits of cupuassu (CUP; Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) and tucuma (TUC; Astrocaryum aculeatum) have gone from extractive exploitation to domestic use (4, 11). This process has occurred due to increased national and international demand, mainly from the cosmetic and food industries (12, 13) This process increased the production of cakes and increased the availability of human products In addition to reducing inappropriate biomass disposal and improving productivity per area its inclusion as an ingredient in ruminant diets can improve energy efficiency and reduce CH4 production the effects of CUP and TUC cakes on consumption and ovine methanogenesis in vivo still need to be studied We hypothesized that the inclusion of TUC and CUP cakes would reduce CH4 emissions without compromising production and biochemical parameters this study aimed to investigate the effects of Amazonian cakes on intake This project was approved by the Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of the Federal University of Pará Faculty of Veterinary Medicine—Campus Castanhal The experiment was conducted at the experimental facility of the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Pará—IFPA (1°18′10.08′′ S 47°56′56.10′′ W) and average annual temperature and relative air humidity of 26.8°C and 85% Approximately 28 castrated male Dorper-Santa Inês crossbred lambs with an average initial live weight (ILW) of 35 ± 2.3 kg and 9 ± 2 months of age were kept in metabolic cages (0.80 m × 1.20 m) equipped with both water and feed containers and open on the sides for natural ventilation The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (diets) and seven replicates of which 7 days were for the animals' adaptation to diets and 55 days for dry matter intake (DMI) and performance evaluation blood was collected to determine serum metabolites Four diets were formulated with EE contents between 40 and 80 g/kg (dry matter (DM) basis). It consisted of 400 g/kg of forage (corn silage) and 600 g/kg of concentrate, with an estimated daily weight gain (DWG) of 200 g/animal (23) A high proportion of concentrate was adopted to allow a 7% fat diet and to obtain more significant results regarding the inclusion of cakes and soybean oil (commercial products from industrial processes) were added Treatments with Amazonian cakes had ~7% of EE The treatments were given as follows: (1) Control (C40) without Amazonian cake and with 40 g/kg of EE in total dry matter (TDM); (2) CUP the inclusion of CUP cake (70 g/kg of EE); (3) TUC the inclusion of TUC cake (70 g/kg of EE); and (4) Control (C80) without the addition of Amazonian cake but containing 80 g/kg of EE Chemical composition and fatty acids of the ingredients used to compose the experimental diets Proportion of ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets leftovers were collected and weighed to determine the DMI (based on the difference in weight between the feed offered and rejected) and to adjust the ration to allow 10% leftovers Animals were fed with a mixed total diet twice a day: 8:00 a.m and non-fibrous carbohydrates (CNF) were calculated using the following equation: and feces were sampled for 5 consecutive days (days 50 total collection and weighing of feces were performed and stored in plastic trays All sampled materials were properly packed in plastic bags blood samples (15 ml) were collected approximately 4 h after morning feeding by puncture from the jugular vein and stored in vacuum tubes with an anticoagulant [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)] the samples were immediately centrifuged at 5,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 15 min the plasma was removed using a pipette and stored in microtubes at −15°C and total protein concentrations was performed using an automatic biochemical analyzer (Mindray BS-200E using commercial kits (Bioclin Diagnósticos—Belo Horizonte Brazil) at the Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Reproduction of the Federal University of Viçosa At the beginning and end of the experimental periods the animals were weighed in the morning using a mobile scale both before the first meal and after 16 h of solid fasting Total weight gain (TWG) was calculated by the difference between the final live weight (FLW) the initial live weight (ILW); The daily weight gain (DWG) was obtained by dividing the TWG by the total confinement days (70 days); and daily feed efficiency (FE) calculated by dividing the DWG by daily DMI Methane emitted by animals was measured in vivo, using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique (24), adapted by Primavesi et al. (25), for tropical conditions, and by Meister et al. (26) SF6 capsules and capillary tubes used in this research were prepared and calibrated at Embrapa Southeast Livestock (São Carlos–SP) through the weekly weighing of the capsules and flow tests of the halters The average release rate of capsules was 2.36 ± 0.173 mg SF6/day The capsules were orally administered to animals over the adaptation period which occurred simultaneously with feed intake and digestibility the eructed gases were stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes fixed in the cages during 24-h cycles the PVC pipe hose was disconnected and its internal pressure was measured with a digital manometer for calculation purposes The same order of collection and time was followed daily Two ambient air samples were collected daily to determine the environmental concentration of both CH4 and SF6 and to deduct it from the animal samples To identify possible gas loss from leakage caused by the translocation of the PVC pipes from one place to another the pressure was again measured after arrival in the laboratory The samples were then diluted by pressurization of pure nitrogen (N2) gas As the injection of gases into the chromatograph could not be done directly (PVC pipe-chromatograph) there was the need to transfer the gases from the PVC pipes to small glass vials three subsamples (three vials) of gases were collected through an ultrafine syringe and needle and manually inserted into the equipment to determine the concentration of CH4 and SF6 gases The CH4 emission rate was calculated according to the formula: QCH4 = QSF6 × [CH4]/[SF6], where QCH4 = emission rate in L/h; QSF6 = known release rate of SF6 from the permeation tube; and CH4 and SF6 are the concentrations measured in the PVC pipe. From the determination of CH4 emissions (gram/animal/day), the emission in liters/day was calculated; grams per kilogram of DM consumed, in grams per kilogram of live weight and per daily gain (DG) (24) using α-amylase in the NDF analysis and making corrections for ash and protein (NDF and ADFcp) Data analyses were performed using SAS 9.1.3 (2009) with preliminary analysis of normality (Shapiro–Wilk test) and homogeneity of variances (maximum F-test) The analysis of variance was performed by the PROC GLM procedure and post-hoc tests (Tukey–Kramer) considering the following statistical model yij = μ + ti + eij where yij is the observed value for the response variable obtained for the ith treatment in its jth repetition and eij is the experimental error associated with the observed value yij The critical level of significance adopted for all analyses was a p-value of ≤ 0.05 Effect of the inclusion of Amazonian cakes on the intake and digestibility of nutrients of confined sheep The digestibility of both DM (732 g/kg) and CP (743 g/kg DM) was higher in those animals that received the C40 diet (p < 0.05), and the digestibility of EE was not affected (p = 0.42). The digestibility of NDF (p < 0.01) was higher in sheep fed the TUC diet (590 g/kg DM) and lower in those who received CUP cakes (279 g/kg DM) (Table 3) Serum glucose levels were 12.5% lower in diets with Amazonian cakes with a difference of 8.24 mg/dl between the means (p = 0.03) Cholesterol levels were equal in CUP (74.46 mg/dl) and C80 (74.53 mg/dl) but higher than the level in C40 (57.48 mg/dl) (p = 0.02) The highest triglyceride level (p ≤ 0.01) was found on the CUP diet (27.75 mg/dl) and the lowest on the C40 diet (7.89 mg/dl) and C80 (52.7 mg/dl) diets but higher than that that in C40 (37.12 mg/dl) (p < 0.01) No effects were observed with regard to protein and albumin serum (p > 0.05) considering all collections of the experimental period was influenced by the inclusion of Amazonian cakes (p < 0.01) DM intake was the same for C40 (1,171 g/day) Although the FLW of animals was not influenced by the inclusion of Amazonian cakes (p = 0.06) other performance measures were influenced by their inclusion The TWG (p < 0.05) was higher in the diets without the inclusion of cakes: C80 (8.16 kg) and C40 (7.8 kg) Among the treatments with the inclusion of cakes the TWG of CUP (5.02) surpassed that of TUC (2.49 kg) The same behavior was observed in the average DG (p < 0.01) with the highest value obtained among the control diets and among the diets that contained CUP cake (91 g) all of which exceeded the value obtained among the diets that contained TUC (45 g) The efficiency was higher for C40 and C80 diets (119 and 137) Methane emissions in confined sheep with diets containing Amazonian cakes (CUP and TUC) Among the factors that can influence DMI in ruminants are acceptability, diet digestibility or fiber composition, and EE content (30, 31). Despite the variation of diets in ADF, LIG, EE and digestibility values, the overall consumption was not influenced (Tables 2, 3) The replacement of corn and wheat bran by cupuassu cake, at up to 400 g/kg, was evaluated, and there was no effect on the sheep's consumption, which had an average of 1,800 g/day in animals weighing 25 kg (32). Increased consumption was also reported with the inclusion of CUP cake (20) 450 g of CUP was included in the diet and no negative effects on intake were observed The effect of the inclusion of TUC cake on consumption in sheep has not yet been reported in the literature Despite being influenced by the inclusion of cakes in the diets, blood metabolite concentrations were within the reference values for most of the variables evaluated, with the exception of triglyceride and HDL contents, in animals fed C40, which were below normal (14–46 mg/dl) and albumin, in animals of all treatments, with values slightly above the expected maximum (3.0 mg/dl) (Table 5) Blood metabolites of confined sheep with diets containing Amazonian cakes (CUP and TUC) Comparison of the biochemical profile of production animals between different studies is subjective, as factors such as age, sex, diet, race, body score, and the technique used to determine serum concentrations directly influence the results obtained (49, 50) The reduction in protein concentrations allowed us to evaluate the protein nutritional status of sheep fed the experimental diets and infer that the same despite being formulated to meet the requirements of the animals were insufficient to provide the desired weight gain When the basic requirements for gain are not met Feed efficiency can significantly reduce costs, minimize environmental impact, optimize land and resource use efficiency, and improve the overall profitability of the livestock industry (55). This reflects how much of the diet was converted into the final product, in this case, meat (56). However, by reflecting the intake and digestibility of the diet, the inclusion of Amazonian cakes in the diet decreased the FE of the animals (57) DMI and performance of confined sheep with diets containing Amazonian cakes (CUP and TUC) Animals fed CUP cake showed CH4 emissions (grams/day) similar to control treatments suggesting that the inclusion of this ingredient did not reduce emissions (grams/day); however it did not contribute to an increase in emissions which could be evaluated as positive for the selection of unconventional ingredients like corn and soybeans The highest average CH4 emissions in grams/DG/day were observed in TUC-treated sheep suggesting that animals in this group were less efficient in using the diet and emitted more CH4 for meat production On the other hand, Amazonian cakes can be adapted to supplement the diet of pasture lambs. Supplementation with concentrate has already been shown to reduce CH4 emissions compared to an extensive system due to changes associated with rumen fermentation (5, 65) did not compromise blood metabolites and did not reduce the enteric CH4 emission in confined sheep in the Amazon the use of CUP cake did not contribute to an increase in CH4 emissions Further research should be carried out to verify these results and improve the use of these cakes in sheep feed The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author The animal study was reviewed and approved by Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of the Federal University of Pará All authors edited and approved the final manuscript This study was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Dean of Research and Graduate Studies (PROPESP/UFPA) We express our gratitude for their material and intellectual contributions to Embrapa (Eastern Amazon and Southeast Livestock); Federal Rural University of the Amazon (Belém Brazil); Federal University of Viçosa (Viçosa Brazil); Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education (Castanhal BN and ABe are employed by EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher Utilisation of agro-industrial waste for sustainable green production: a review and fatty acid profile of milk from buffaloes fed with cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) cake and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) cake in the Eastern Amazon Palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets for feedlot goat kids: nutrient intake Current scenario and recent advancements from tucuma pulp oil and kernel fat processing CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Invited review: current enteric methane mitigation options Replacing barley and soybean meal with by-products alters daily methane output and the rumen microbial community in vitro using the Rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) A review on the use of agro-industrial CO-products in animals' diets and ingestive behavior in buffaloes supplemented with palm kernel cake in the Amazon biome Review and analysis of alternatives for the valorisation of agro-industrial olive oil by-products CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar High fiber cakes from mediterranean multipurpose oilseeds as protein sources for ruminants Monitoring and optimization of cupuaçu seed fermentation Technological properties of amazonian oils and fats and their applications in the food industry A review of potential use of amazonian oils in the synthesis of organogels for cosmetic application Tucumã oil shifted ruminal fermentation reducing methane production and altering the microbiome but decreased substrate digestibility within a RUSITEC fed a mixed hay–concentrate diet Effect of lipid sources with different fatty acid profiles on the intake and methane emissions of feedlot Nellore steers New feeds and new feeding systems in intensive and semi-intensive forage-fed ruminant livestock systems linoleic and linolenic acids by sheep with reference to their effects on methane production Torta de cupuaçu na alimentação de tourinhos Nelore confinados and nitrogen balance in feeds containing different amounts of cupuaçu meal 21. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues, dGhvbWF6Z3VpbWFyYWVzQHlhaG9vLmNvbS5icg== open pit project is on schedule at about 45% complete at the end of the June quarter Tucumã will add almost 20,000tpa of production to the company's copper.. Already have an account? Sign in here Mining Journal has been providing investors and mining professionals with daily breaking news covering all aspects of the industry Subscribe today for individual and team access to mining's most respected news title each focused on a key discussion point for the mining sector brought to you by the Mining Journal Intelligence team priorities and preferences of 130+ mining investors and top factors influencing investment decisions in 2025 A detailed analysis of mining investment risks across 117 jurisdictions globally assessed across six risk categories and an industrywide survey The ESG Mining Company Index report provides an in-depth evaluation of ESG performance of 61 of the world's largest mining companies it assesses each company across 9 meticulously weighted indicators within 6 essential pillars Gain insights into decarbonisation trends and strategies from interviews with 20+ top mining executives and experts plus an industrywide survey Aspermont Media is a company registered in England and Wales News & Analysis on Food & Beverage Development & Technology 15-Feb-2019 Last updated on 15-Feb-2019 at 16:39 GMT The scientists studied the fatty acid and solid fat profile of six different nuts and seeds native to the Amazon: Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) The researchers from the University of Campinas’ school of food engineering said their research was prompted by the rise in demand for new fats and oils and the scarce amount of research on the physical properties of Amazonian oils showing that the studied Amazon fats and oils may be suitable for developing new fatty products in the Tucuma fruit © GettyImages/Beto_Junior (Beto_Junior/Getty Images/iStockphoto)food industry,” they wrote in the Journal of Food Chemistry Using gas chromatography to determine the fatty acid composition the researchers found that Tucuma kernel fat murumuru and bacuri fats are rich in saturated fatty acids while patawa and Brazil nut oils had high levels of healthy mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids Murumuru fat and tucuma kernel fat had a high content of lauric acid while bacuri fat was high in palmitic acid “Tucuma kernel fat has a fatty acid composition rather similar to coconut oil’s,” they wrote “[This is] comparable to those required for dairy analog shortenings used for industrial cakes or cookies [and] suggests that bacuri fat might substitute partially hydrogenated oils The murumuru fat had solid fat content and profile "rather similar" to cocoa butter meaning it could be used as a cocoa butter equivalent Shea butter is often used as an alternative to cocoa butter by chocolate manufacturers The researchers suggest the Amazonian oils could be blended with other fats for products such as margarine Bacuri fruit © GettyImages/Marco Antonio Monteiro (Marco Antonio Monteiro/Getty Images)“These results are quite important since the use of these blends in replacement of partially hydrogenated oils in formulations of spreads might present not only technological advantages but also improved nutrition values.”  “The high concentration of oleic acid found in patawa oil (74.18%) is in the same range as that found in high oleic sunflower and buriti oil High concentrations of this fatty acid have a beneficial effect on thermal stability suggesting that patawa oil could be useful to the food industry as a frying oil the high oleic and linoleic ratio (>12:1) of patawa oil could increase shelf life and nutritional value of foods.” Other aspects could make these seed oils interesting for the nutrition industry had a higher content of linoleic acid than other edible nut oils such as almond or macadamia oils while bacuri fat had a relatively high content of palmitoleic acid a beneficial fatty acid which improves insulin sensitivity The researchers used oils provided by B2B supplier Amazon Oil Amazon Oil supplies cold-pressed and dry-extracted oils that are kept below 60ºC and are free from preservatives It also manufactures food- and pharma-grade deodorized seed extracts Available online November 2018, doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.016 “Physical properties of Amazonian fats and oils and their blends” Authors: Antonio José de Almeida, Meirelles Guilherme José Maximo et al Chia oil may have anti-obesity effects: Brazilian data29-Aug-2018By Stephen DaniellsSupplementing the diet with chia oil may reduce fat accumulation and increased lean mass Butter can have a bright future in Brazil but the category needs clever flavor and packaging innovation to tempt consumers who traditionally prefer margarine The company will also utilise the proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes Canada-based Ero Copper has closed $111m (C$152.06m) in bought deal financing by issuing nine million shares at $12.35 apiece Please check your mail inbox to download the buyer's guide you acknowledge that GlobalData UK Limited may share your information with our partners/sponsors who may contact you directly with information on their products and services Tick here to opt out of curated industry news Don’t let policy changes catch you off guard Stay proactive with real-time data and expert analysis Visit our Privacy Policy for more information about our services including information on your rights in respect of your personal data and how you can unsubscribe from future marketing communications Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address The company aims to use the deal proceeds to advance the growth of its Tucumã project and Caraiba operations as well as further expand regional exploration in Brazil It will also utilise the proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes Ero Copper announced a $105m bought deal financing Underwriters agreed to buy 8.5 million shares on a bought-deal basis They were also granted an option to buy another 15% of the offering to cover over-allotments The Tucumã project is located near the town of Tucumã within the Carajás Mineral Province in Pará State Results from the project’s feasibility study show that it can add up to 326,000 tonnes of recovered copper over a 12-year life of mine The study also indicated that Tucumã’s initial capital cost is $294m with a post-tax net present value of $380m Its post-tax internal rate of return was 41.8% and has a post-tax payback period of 1.4 years Last month, the company stated that 70% of the work at the Tucumã project had been completed procurement and construction activities are progressing to start copper production in the second half of next year The Caraíba mine is located 385km from the capital city of Salvador in Bahia It comprises fully integrated mining operations and processing facilities including the Pilar and Vermelhos underground mines Ore produced from the mine is processed using crushing and floating methods at the Caraíba mill A concentrate with a grading between 32% and 35% copper is shipped to international markets from the Port of Salvador Pikkito is a new Peruvian restaurant located next to a Citgo gas station at 3301 Paramenter St Lomo saltado is served with french fries and two house-made sauces at Pikkito half or whole portions with side dishes and house-made sauces at Pikkito ceviche and a quarter chicken with plantains and french fries at Pikkito a casual restaurant offering roast chicken and traditional Peruvian dishes opened on Parmenter Street in Middleton earlier this summer A casual Peruvian restaurant called Pikkito opened in July in Middleton serving rotisserie chicken and Peruvian favorites such as ceviche and lomo saltado stir fry The restaurant is located at 3301 Parmenter St most recently a Brazilian cafe called Tucuma Pikkito mixes a casual atmosphere with traditional Peruvian cuisine smiling chicken mascot that adorns Pikkito’s walls Owners Daniel and Esmeralda Rodriguez brought Peruvian cuisine to Madison with the restaurant Inka Heritage on Park Street in 2007 and later opened the more casual The two closed Inka Heritage and sold Estacion Inka to the Pezua siblings The Rodriguezes moved to Florida seven years ago but returned to Madison early this year to open Pikkito which can be ordered as a quarter ($11.99) The chicken is roasted and comes with two sauces a slightly spicy huancaina sauce made from a yellow chili native to Peru and a cooler creamy green sauce (aji verde) made with lime Pikkito also serves more traditional Peruvian dishes in addition to its signature chicken a wok-stir fried prime beef tenderloin that sits on a bed of white rice tomato and french fries topped with cilantro Other Peruvian staples include ceviche ($18.99) — raw fish marinated in citrus with a side of Peruvian corn — and salchipapas ($11.99) a fried beef hot dog served with a side of french fries and spicy dip sauce Though Pikkito maintains the casual atmosphere of the Rodriguezes’ previous restaurants they hope to add more Peruvian dishes to their menu in the near future Francesca Pica is a summer reporting intern for the Cap Times She is currently a University of Wisconsin-Madison student studying journalism and political science To support Frankie's journalism, click here to become a Cap Times member. To respond to this story, click here to submit a letter to the editor Become a Cap Times member today and enjoy great benefits Your browser is out of date and potentially vulnerable to security risks.We recommend switching to one of the following browsers: Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device and innovation to gain market share and make advances in the region A group of entrepreneurial women from the Amazon have developed a collection of innovative products which demonstrate potential for driving sustainable development in the region a researcher from the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) and partner of the cosmetics startup Darvore made from copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii) and tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum) working with inputs from extractivists from the Uatamã Sustainable Development Reserve “We have created nanometric capsules made with Amazonian bioactives we are able to have 100% natural products,” she explains Darvore has headquarters in Manaus (Amazonas) and a branch in Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo) The businesswoman, born in Argentina and based in Amazonas for over 25 years, was one of those interviewed in the e-book Potência amazônica (Amazon power) which united some local leaders from the region’s innovation ecosystem Besides the copaíba balm nanoencapsulated in tucuma butter which also has economist João Tezza as a partner has developed a facial moisturizer made from copaíba but encapsulated in cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) butter The nanoencapsulation process was subject to a patent application filed in 2019 with the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) The product was developed in partnership with the São Paulo State Institute for Technological Research (IPT) and is manufactured by Yosen a startup with a focus on nanotechnology located in Supera the business park for innovative companies of Ribeirão Preto The ancestral knowledge and culture of the Indigenous peoples have also inspired fledgling companies in the Amazon who is taking a PhD in social anthropology at the University of Brasília (UnB) is trying to set up a processing house within the Tupinambá territory in the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RESEX) the researcher has developed products inspired by Tupinambá gastronomy and culture The most famous is an orange-red color cassava wine called Mani-Oara The fermentation uses fungi from another cassava-based drink consumed by the Indigenous people from the region The idea of creating products that valued the work of women from the Indigenous territory matured between 2014 and 2016 while the biologist was studying for her master’s degree in botany at the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) and her sister was taking a master’s in ecology at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) She kept herself informed of public notices and acceleration programs that could help her to start her own business She and her sister decided to give new life to the Association of Agroextractivist and Indigenous Residents of Tapajós (AMPRAVAT) which organizes and distributes the production of around 30 families They were considered in a public bid by the nongovernmental organization Sáude e Alegria (meaning health and happiness) with funding through the L’Oréal Fund for Women for the construction of the processing house in the Indigenous territory but the pandemic delayed the start of the work until 2022 The objective is to achieve artisanal certification from the Pará Agricultural Defense Agency (ADEPARÁ) which would permit the sale of its products in supermarkets and malls within the state and other products that are only sold in stores and markets in Santarém and Alter do Chão an associate professor at New York University estimated that entrepreneurs located in the Amazon exported 955 products between 2017 and 2019 64 are classified as “compatible with the forest” (non-timber forestry extractivism and tropical horticulture and fruticulture) and generate an annual income of US$298 million which produces cosmetics and food supplements and is located in Manaus says that she is often sought after by companies interested in buying some type of raw material from the forest because we are a technology-based company,” she says One of the products in line for release by the company is a cream that contains the leaves of the wild passion fruit (Passiflora nitida) It was developed in partnership with researchers from UFAM and the University of São Paulo (USP) and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Antioxidant properties from the extract were described in an article published in September in the Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences “We have already done all the efficacy tests and the publication is the last demand of ANVISA [Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency] so that we can register the product and sell it,” explains Rodrigues she assumed leadership of the company created by her father Pharmakos D’Amazônia has around 80 cosmetic and food products in its catalog an intellectual property specialist from EMBRAPA Eastern Amazonia a unit of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) stresses the importance of having Amazonian women stand out on this path “Many innovative products and services arise from this local vision and we have a huge market to be explored I know that experience is a differential for innovating by observing our reality and our potential,” she observes there is still much to be done along the path of innovation and female entrepreneurship we still see difficulties and barriers linked to gender equality and LGBTQIA+ people in this innovative ecosystem,” she notes who is doing a PhD at the University of Sussex and studies the intersections of gender and race in climate finance mechanisms in the Amazon a company that provides consultancy on climate change for other organizations she has attended clients that seek to create programs aimed at female entrepreneurs looking for us to include companies and projects with female leadership in their financial services,” she says about the participation of women in the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Amazon region © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved Parte da TI Apyterewa: a terra indígena foi a mais desmatada durante o governo de Bolsonaro - Reprodução the Brazilian Federal Police and the Ministry of Labor and Employment found and rescued two workers under conditions analogous to slavery in Primavera Farm which neighbors Apyterewa Indigenous land in the town of São Félix do Xingu The farm’s owner is the deputy mayor of Tucumã (Pará state) Wanderley Dias Vieira (Social Democratic Party) who was not found at the site during the operation The Federal Police opened an inquiry to investigate the case and labor inspectors from the Ministry of Labor notified the politician who must present a series of documents to the Ministry Vieira is the major partner of the Santo Agostinho Maternity Hospital He has a tax debt of 377,000 reais (about US$74,000) of which 294,000 reais (US$ 58,000) are social security debts owed to workers who provide services to the hospital Vieira declared he had 1.1 million reais (US$ 217,000) in assets Besides having 50% of the quota of Santo Agostinho Maternity Hospital Tucumã’s deputy mayor indicated he had an area of land but did not explain if he was referring to the Primavera Farm He also mentioned medical equipment and 146,000 reais (US$ 28,0000) in savings accounts the Federal Police arrested a 32-year-old man identified only by the initial letters of his name The Federal Police said the man arrested had six open arrest warrants all of them issued by the Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro (TJ-RJ This man had worked at Primavera Farm as a cowherd and tractor driver the National Foundation of Indigenous Peoples (Funai the Ministry of Agrarian Development and the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Incra in Portuguese) has been working on the “Operation ‘Deintrusion’ of Apyterewa and Trincheira Bacajá Indigenous Lands” The operation consists of removing the non-Indigenous people from the territories so that the lands can be returned in full to the native peoples the ‘deintrusion’ has been peaceful and the invaders have not reacted The territories inhabited by the Parakanã people were the most deforested Indigenous land in Brazil during the Bolsonaro (Liberal Party) government, according to data collected by Imazon’s satellite. All original content produced and editorially authored by Brasil de Fato may be reproduced, provided it is not altered and proper credit is given. All original content produced and editorially authored by Brasil de Fato may be reproduced, provided it is not altered and proper credit is given. It looks like nothing was found at this location. Maybe try a search? I’ll never forget the look on our translator Nhakta’s face in the hotel in Tucumã, Brazil, on the morning of March 17th, 2017. Her worry, the crazy trip that follows and the turmoil of emotions we experience are all still very strong memories. To understand her concern and my incredulity, you need to rewind... Filming birth rituals for ‘Circle of Life’ comes with huge challenges. The first is to find a community that still performs meaningful and visually striking rituals when a new baby arrives. Around the world many traditions are disappearing altogether, so we are thrilled to find that the Kayapo people of the Amazon follow very interesting rituals after childbirth. But these rituals are only for their first-born. So with the help of our Brazilian fixers and the Special Secretariat of Indigenous Health we've been looking for first-time mums. We also have to gamble on timing. Filming deep in the amazon is a big investment and births don’t stick to a schedule. After months of planning, we give ourselves a 4 week window around Irenekwa’s due date and Andrew Thompson and I set off from Heathrow with high hopes. We only just arrive in Tucumã, the closest town to Kayapo territory, two weeks before the baby is due. Then Nhakta, our Kayapo translator tells us the news: Irenekwa is in labour. We are a good five hours from the village so set off immediately... We don’t have communication with the village, so have no idea if we are making a fruitless journey. The unstoppable rain means the rugged dirt roads are particularly bad. Even minor delays reduce the chances of filming what we have flown thousands of miles to record. On arrival we find we haven’t missed the main event but it is imminent. Irenekwa is exhausted from hours of labour and surrounded by women helping or shouting encouragement. Our frustration and worries melt away and Andrew swings into action using our small camera and the light of my mobile phone to film the birth beautifully. Half an hour later, when the baby is born, he looks pale and limp under the dim lights of our torches. What follows probably takes just seconds, but it feels like an eternity as I watch the baby being passed between the outstretched arms of the women in the hut who are determined to see him gasp his first breath. Then he does. I look round at everyone present – Andrew, Nhakta, our fixer Dulce and all of Irenekwa’s helpers. Their expressions mirror the emotions I am feeling. Their faces are full of pure relief and overwhelming joy, something I will hold onto forever. The crew race to film a birth in the Amazon.