This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information Shoppers at the Uruguaiana Municipal Market in downtown Rio de Janeiro Photographer: Maria Magdalena Arrellaga/Bloomberg 2025 at 8:34 AM ESTBookmarkSaveBrazil’s economic activity barely grew on the month in November as central bankers try to tame consumer demand by raising interest rates The real is at historic lows against the US dollar, which is driving up prices for Brazilian retailers by raising the cost of imported goods. To adjust, grocers and major shopping chains plan to pass those costs along, increasing prices for some food products and electronics as much as 10% from a year earlier, according to people familiar with the matter. Levels of the Paraguay River in Asunción now stand at almost 5 metres above normal for this time of year As many as 40 municipalities have been affected by flooding in Brazil’s Rio Grande do Sul state The flooding has forced almost 2,000 families (around 9,000 people) to evacuate Several rivers in the state have overflowed in particular the Uruguay River in Uruguaiana municipality According to the latest reports from Rio Grande do Sul civil defence river levels were at 11.18 metres on 27 December which is over 3 metres above alert levels and over 6 metres above normal levels Evacuations have been carried out in 12 municipalities including Uruguaiana Flooding has been affecting some parts of the state for the last 7 days Around 200 families were evacuated after heavy rainfall between 21 and 22 December had increased levels of the Uruguay River River levels have continued to rise since then as many as 1,479 families had evacuated their homes in 9 municipalities That figure rose to 1,810 families by 27 December 2015 Paraguay and Paraná rivers in Argentina have forced around 25,000 from their homes The Uruguay River has overflowed in province of Entre Ríos The city of Concordia is the worst affected where at least 10,000 people have been evacuated Almost 40 evacuation centres have been set up to house those displaced visited affected areas on 27 December 2015 has also been affected by the overflowing Paraná River At least 8,000 people have been evacuated as a result Goya and Corrientes have all been affected the city of Barranqueras has been worst affected Around 5,000 have been evacuated after the Paraná River overflowed River levels are thought to be stabilising in Entre Ríos levels of the Paraguay River in Formosa Province are rising and are expected to rise further over the coming days Around 800 families have been evacuated from Formosa city Over 11,000 people have now been displaced by overflowing rivers in 5 departments of Uruguay According to Uruguay’s national emergency department Previously the department of Rivera had also been affected SINAE say that 11,357 have been displaced: 6,005 in Artigas the Cuareim River (also known as the Quaraí) a tributary of the Uruguay River rose to 15.28 meters on Wednesday 23 December 2015 Levels had fallen 48 hours later to 13.65 meters Safety levels are considered to be 10.20 metres SINAE say there could be many more people who have been forced from their homes by the flooding that are yet to be registered by the authorities Around 1,900 people are currently living in relief camps set up by emergency officials Flooding from the Paraguay River in Asunción has been affecting residents living in the areas of Bañado Sur and Bañado Norte Levels of the Paraguay River in Asunción continue to rise and This is the second highest level ever recorded for the month of December Danger levels are considered to be 8 metres by local emergency authorities Paraguay’s Administración Nacional De Navegación Y Puertos reported on 24 December that levels have increased a further 7 cm between 23 and 24 December Levels are expected to reach 8 metres in the coming days Local authorities say that in total around 18,000 families are affected by the flooding in Asunción According to a statement of 24 December 2015 from Asunción’s disaster management department – Dirección de Emergencias y Desastres Municipal (COMUEDA) – there are currently 11,455 families (Bañado Sur – 6,163 families Bañado Norte – 5,302) evacuated and staying in one of the 112 shelters set up Paraguay’s emergency management authority At least 1,000 people have been affected in Concepción department In Ñeembucú Department around 250 families have been affected by flooding after a series of severe storms on 23 December 2015 Media say that flooding has also affected the departments of Misiones and Presidente Hayes departments The storms brought strong winds which left around 4 people dead and caused power outages for over 100,000 in Asunción and surrounding Central Department Flooding of the river is common between May and August SEN say that the recent flooding is “directly influenced by the presence of El Niño” which has intensified the frequency and intensity of rainfall overflowing water channels that discharge into the Paraguay River Cookies | Privacy | Contacts © Copyright 2025 FloodList the Brazilean Rio Grande do Sul Basque Club held a meeting in the city of Uruguaiana situated on the border between Brazil and Argentina  The goal was to acquaint the local community with Basque culture especially those Brazilians who are not aware of their Basque heritage.  The meeting concluded with notable success as demonstrated by the existence and work of a group of Basques involved in the development of the club and its activities at the core of Uruguaiana.  Uruguaiana, Brazil.   The work group of the Rio Grande do Sul Basque Club demonstrated a great capacity for work by organizing and convening the first Meeting of Basque Descendants on the Western Border of Brazil.  The event took place at the Agricultural and Pastoril Park Vifran Tellechea and Beatriz Tellechea Clausell were all in attendance along with ana Luiza Etchalus Paniagua The meeting was also attended by special guests from Argentina, the Urrundik dancers from Parana entertained after dinner with their songs and joy.  The delegation from Argentina included: Enzo Alcain gave a talk about the historical Basque presence in the area and veterinarians Gregorio Beheragary and Adriano Echevarne talked about Basque techniques in the area of agriculture.  The event concluded with dinner in an excelent atmosphere thinking in new steps to go further in the knowledge and improvement of the activities of the Rio Grande do Sul Basque activities in Uruguaiana Heavy rainfall over the western area of Rio Grande do Sul State have caused the Ibirapuita Ibicui and Uruguai rivers to break their banks and cause widespread flooding MetSul Meteorologia reported 497mm of rainfall in 72 hours in the state of Uruguaiana Local media reported one death after a tree uprooted Over 2000 people have been displaced and moved to temporary accomodation as the floods damaged houses blocked roads and water supplies were disrupted Local reports say the flooding peak in the city of Algrete was reached on 13 January while the areas of Manoel Viana and Uruguaiana are set to peak on 14 January the company Infravix Participações SA is authorized to begin work in a rural area in the town of Charqueada The plant will operate 24 hours a day and will consume 45 thousand tons of husk from rice processing per year The total investment is estimated at R$70 million The organic matter will be supplied by processors in Uruguaiana The industrial process to be implemented involves generating steam through the burning of organic matter in a boiler The resulting ash will be incorporated into the soil a step to be licensed separately by the Foundation in a specific process of incorporating industrial waste into agricultural soil the company will still need to obtain the Operating License (LO) the next stage of the environmental licensing process The energy generated will be interconnected to the national electrical system also strengthening local and regional systems “It is another project in the region that uses a renewable energy source from agricultural production an alternative that meets the state’s energy transition process We are already following our path and will present it at the United Nations Conference on Climate Change," said the Secretary of Environment and Infrastructure of RS  ASUTIL celebrates first Brazilian border store opening in Uruguaina and announces conference to take place 5-6 November in Porto Alegre Dufry is the first major travel retail operator to invest in a Brazilian border duty free store in Uruguaiana The 850 sq m store had a soft opening on 14 August and will be followed by an official opening on 22 August As the second largest city on the Brazilian border with Argentina and Uruguay Dufry’s store is strategically located for passengers crossing the bridge across the Uruguay River Store interior for Dufry’s new Uruguaiana border location “The significance of Dufry getting on board so early with the Brazilian border store opportunity is important,” said ASUTIL Secretary General José Luis Donagaray during a recent media webinar detailing the latest regional news “The first major opening establishes the new border stores business here It shows the importance of the big players getting involved and it proves there is an opportunity for everyone to have a presence along the Brazil borders,” said Donagaray Duty Free Americas will also be announcing a new border store soon Dufry’s large store launch leads the way alongside smaller local operators that have also opened border stores recently Carballat in Jaguarão (bordering Uruguay) and Emporio Duty Free in Barra do Quarai (bordering Uruguay and Argentina) have also opened stores in recent days Local media have reported that Dufry has also earmarked Santana do Livramento and Foz do Iguaçú as likely locations for border stores There are 32 twin border cities where duty free stores are authorised who added this means there are “unlimited” licenses possible With the focus so far mainly on southern border cities has started granting licenses to store operators large and small The logistics and (new) laws around operating duty free border stores is the reason for ASUTIL’s recent announcement to host a dedicated conference Donagaray confirmed the new Encuentro de Frontera event will take place over two days (5-6 November) at a key hotel location in Porto Alegre in Southern Brazil to recognise the place where the law sanctioning new border stores first started The conference will include a number of economic and regional market updates from ASUTIL members and industry experts such as Argentinian economist Carlos Melconian and an update from the Receita Federal Donagaray confirmed the conference will be open to non-ASUTIL members “We need to help all potential and existing operators meet with suppliers and learn more about this fledgling business There will be two days of intensive networking to encourage new partnerships,” he explained The event will also feature a panel discussion including logistics experts such as a representative from the Uruguay Free Zone to help attendees understand “the best ways to optimise goods transfer” said Donagaray Around 15-20 member and non-member duty free operators are expected to attend the conference “Since we started doing ASUTIL member events in 2013 so we expect around 200 to attend this one,” she said ASUTIL will launch its early-bird registrations by the end of August Further to ASUTIL’s ongoing lobbying activities related to the Mercosur harmonisation of the border duty free regulations Donagaray said he should have new information regarding category and purchase allowances “in the coming weeks” including a possible update on increased airport allowances Sign up for email newsletters for up-to-date news Volume 12 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1567665 This article is part of the Research TopicExploring Infectious Agents in Ruminant Foot DiseasesView all 5 articles Foot diseases in small ruminants cause locomotor disorders and health concerns in sheep and goat farming worldwide The diagnosis and classification of lesions caused by footpad dermatitis are complex and based only on clinical observations in the field this study assessed the histopathological and radiographic characteristics of lesions caused by pododermatitis in sheep to improve and deepen the classification of lesions and optimize diagnosis and prognosis In this study 1.701 lame sheep were included and were distributed across 21 farms in southern Brazil Lesions were categorized into three severity grades based on clinical histological and radiographic observations the lesions were categorized into 3 grades described as: mild interdigital dermatitis (grade 1) necrosis with bone involvement (grade 2) and severe tissue loss with osteolysis (grade 3) Radiographic evaluation revealed bone changes ranging from mild inflammation to osteomyelitis and pathological fractures in advanced grades The results suggest that regardless of the origin of pododermatitis whether related to environmental factors and/or agents such as Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum This adapted classification system can help field technicians and producers to effectively diagnose and treat these lesions depending on the grade limiting their progression and consequently reducing economic losses This integrated approach can improve animal welfare and productivity in South American herds where these diseases are a significant concern Foot diseases are important injuries that cause locomotor disorders in small ruminants (1). In most countries where sheep and goat farming is of sociocultural and economic importance, diseases that cause lameness are a cause of concern, as they cause severe economic, productive, and reproductive losses and compromise animal health and well-being (2–5) there is no literature available on the quantification of economic losses caused by foot diseases in small ruminants At the flock level, footrot can also be classified as benign, intermediate, and malignant; this classification is based on the clinical aspect and flock affection measures (18) the correct treatment and control of diseases can be carried out depending on the precise diagnosis of the cause To facilitate the clinical diagnosis and assist in the control of ovine farms this work aims to adapt and deepen the pre-existing classification system for foot lesions in sheep also considers the histological and radiographic aspects Twenty-one sheep farms, located in the Southwest Mesoregion of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were included through a non-probabilistic observational study. These farms were previously characterized (21), and additional details on the origin, total number of animals on the farms, number of sick animals, severity of foot lesion, and treatment used are presented in Supplementary material veterinarians at these farms identified a total of 1,701 sheep with lameness due to foot lesions and a detailed macroscopic inspection and photographic record of all four hooves (diseased and healthy) were made When the death of these animals occurred due to culling or other reason every hoof was collected and preserved in formalin until shipment to the laboratory installations After photographic recording, the macroscopic lesions were analyzed by the research team and morphologically characterized according to the severity of the lesions in 3 grades (Table 1) adapting the Egerton and Roberts classification system (23) and the histological and radiographic lesions were evaluated as explained below Formalin-preserved hooves were processed at the Hospital Universitário Veterinário of the Universidade Federal do Pampa The limbs were removed by radiocarpal or tibiotarsal disarticulation then gently washed with running water to remove organic matter Nineteen limbs of sheep with macroscopic lesions were evaluated and 2 healthy limbs were selected as controls The radiological examination was performed in four projections: lateromedial and two oblique projections (dorsolateral-palmaromedial and dorsomedial-palmarolateral) The radiographs were performed with a Phillips Áquilla Plus 300 devices the images were edited in the Kodak DirectView EPV software and converted to JPG format The radiographic findings were classified according to the degree of bone involvement of the phalanges and the extent of the lesions For histological evaluation, formalinized hoof and skin samples were processed. Each limb was cut with a hand saw on both digits at the same time in a cut perpendicular to the dorsal surface of the hoof, obtaining two transversal fragments with a thickness of 0.3 cm. This sample was collected 0.2 cm after the hoof crown. Upon cutting, the following structures were observed: external stratum, middle stratum, laminar stratum, and distal phalanx (Figure 1) the laminar stratum was identified and separated from the hard keratin of the hoof wall with the aid of a scalpel Anatomy of sheep’s hooves seen in cross section Observed macroscopically from the outside to the inside: wall with external strata (1) The skin fragments were removed from the interdigital region in a cut of approximately 0.1 cm that extended the dorsopalmar or plantar from the epidermis to as close as possible to the periosteum of the phalanges and the dorsal region of the limb The bone fragments were subjected to slow decalcification using formic acid for 7 days to soften the distal phalanx and then processed. All fragments (hoof and skin) were routinely processed for histology, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and analyzed under an optical microscope. For this evaluation, 36 injured digits and 4 digits from non-injured hooves were used as control (Figure 2) Cross sections of a healthy sheep’s hoof (A) Middle layer: abundant keratinized cellular matrix amid the tubules formed by keratinocytes located around a hollow (B) Laminar layer: presents epidermal layers (1) that join the dermal layers (2) in this region and are arranged parallel to each other Note that the laminar chorion merges with this structure (C) Coronary region—the coronary epidermis presents dermal papillae (arrows) that join the coronary chorion (*); there is a thick stratum spinosum and a thin stratum granulosum and corneum (D) Distal phalanx: the bone forms mature bone trabeculae (*) in the middle of the bone marrow (BM) Grading of histological lesions was performed in a blind study The type and time of occurrence of the lesion were considered as well as the distribution and intensity of the morphological changes Sheep that macroscopically presented focal and mild lesions of the interdigital skin were classified as grade 1. These lesions were characterized by redness and alopecia of the interdigital skin (Figure 3A) but no hoof wall involvement was observed at this stage No bone changes were observed radiographically Slight lesion in the interdigital space with focal alopecia is observed (B) Laminar chorion with mild perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate is observed there is mild orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis (*) and mild multifocal infundibular hyperkeratosis (arrow); mild diffuse lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis is also noted in the superficial dermis (arrowhead) In sheep that were classified as grade 2, the lesions were moderate to severe and had a focally extensive distribution in the interdigital and dorsal skin, abaxial and axial regions of the hoof wall. Deep interdigital dermatitis with ulcers and pus, edema and alopecia, focal necrosis of the periople and axial region were observed (Figure 4A) sometimes the lesions were aggravated by parasitism with compatible larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax These changes extended from the palmar/plantar surface to the dorsal surface and necrosis also occurred in the axial region of the hoof wall which advanced toward the abaxial region of the digit it was observed that in some cases the hoof wall began to detach from the soft tissues and veterinarians reported a foul odor Note the accumulation of organic matter in the middle of the lesion moderate detachment of the wall is observed extending toward the dorsal roof; dermatitis of the interdigital skin is also noted (B) Radiographic image in dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique projection Bone sclerosis and radiolucent area (lysis) of the distal interphalangeal joint (1) irregularity of the periosteum of third and second phalanx and area of destruction of the horny sheath marked by a radiolucent region in the hoof pincer (2) can be observed (C) It can be observed that the epidermal laminae of the laminar stratum are asymmetric and markedly thin (arrow) there is fusion and shortening (*) and it is still possible to visualize moderate diffuse lymphoplasmacytic coronitis (D) The laminae are fused and shortened (*) in their structure the papillae project from the basal lamina toward the papillary chorion and are merging with each other (arrow) Note dyskeratosis along the laminae (arrowhead) fibrin and marked neutrophilic infiltrate are observed; a thin layer of re-epithelialization of the epidermis is also noted (arrow) the lesion was characterized by moderate irregularity of the periosteal surface that projects toward the coronary chorion (arrow) Radiographically, there was slight bone sclerosis, irregularity of the periosteum interpreted as osteitis, and slight bone remodeling of the third phalanges (Figure 4B) Congestion and mild hyperemia with dilated blood vessels, diffuse lymphoplasmacytic coronitis and some Mott cells were also noted in the chorion. At this level, the third phalanx presented moderate periosteal reaction, and a focus of irregularity was observed on the surface of the periosteum that sometimes proliferated toward the chorion (Figure 4F) characterized by moderate ortho-keratotic hyperkeratosis moderate to severe diffuse lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate and in some cases moderate congestion and hyperemia In the deeper dermis of the digits of some sheep a focally extensive area of eosinophilic infiltrate surrounded by connective tissue and epithelioid macrophages (granuloma) was noted It was also observed that one or both distal phalanges were exposed and fragmented or were not observed due to the marked bone lysis (A) Dorsal surface of the distal region of the limbs of sheep Note the severe lesion with marked tissue loss and deformity of the hoof digits edema with increased volume in the distal portion detachment of the hoof wall and proliferation of granulation tissue in the region of the coronary band and interdigital region dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint (2) exostosis (3) and bone fragments of the proximal middle and distal phalanges and the sesamoid (4) can be observed the epidermal papillae are markedly thin and shortened (arrow) there is a marked multifocal mixed inflammatory infiltrate and thrombi (*) the blood vessels are dilated and filled with neutrophils (thin arrow) and there is neutrophilic arteritis (arrowhead) there is marked proliferation and irregularity of the periosteum that projects toward the chorion (arrows) It also presents lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate around the periosteum (periosteitis) numerous active osteoblasts can be seen surrounding the bone trabeculae It was not possible to evaluate the skin due to the absence of tissue in the regions proposed in the study This work was based on the morphological evaluation of the various patterns of foot lesions in sheep (1, 12, 14, 23, 24, 26–28) the first standardized and detailed description of the macroscopic and histological presentations of sheep hooves affected by pododermatitis in which the majority wrongly attribute or name any hoof lesion as footrot this wrong recognition was formed by the perception and experience of the disease previously occurring at the herds and is independent of the classifications and technical nomenclatures of the lesions The foot injury classification system proposed in this study may assist in treatment and control strategies even before disease progression leads to severe and potentially irreversible lesions Regardless of the cause and/or etiological agent the lesions observed in this category can be treated with the use of foot baths as they are superficial changes in the interdigit in which the disinfectant (formalin Even though it is suggested to performed microbiological and molecular evaluation for the differential diagnosis between interdigital dermatitis and footrot, the interpretation of the results can be confusing. Moore et al. (33) state that establishing the correct diagnosis of the disease is complex nodosus is present and has been isolated from numerous digits diagnosed as interdigital dermatitis In the case of interdigital dermatitis or a milder form of footrot macroscopic lesions observed in the field should not be neglected the progression of the lesion is inevitable Grades 2 and 3 were classified by the severity of the lesions, characterized by the presence of necrosis and severe involvement of the digit with pedal osteitis, and in some cases, tissue loss with bone lysis. Although the macroscopic lesions described in this study are classic of the virulent form of footrot (21, 23–27) the grades were better characterized and the lesions observed clinically are complemented/supported by radiographic and histological interpretation The studies that characterize pododermatitis based on clinical features and lesion morphology are carried out in other environmental and sheep farming conditions and do not entirely converge in several aspects of their concepts with what occurs in South America This makes it difficult for technicians and producers in the region to classify and recognize lesions and consequently potential treatment In addition to being a disease that causes productivity and economic losses (35), secondary complications due to extensive parasitosis caused by C. hominivorax larvae were observed. Myiasis is one of the main problems in animal and public health in South America due to aggravation of animal lesions mainly in extensively raised livestock (36) In this work this parasitosis was considered as one of the factors to be taken into consideration when grading into 2 or 3 it is believed that most foot injuries presented by sheep indicate different stages of evolution To facilitate the conceptual understanding of this condition in sheep we suggest that it is a polyphasic and multifactorial condition which begins with an interdigital lesion and induces lameness without joint involvement with a good prognosis that includes grade 1 It can evolve into a deep interdigital lesion with necrosis and loss of skin integrity with lesions in the hooves and possible bone involvement directly or through increased susceptibility to pathogens Ovine pododermatitis is a debilitating disease and a source of economic concern in most sheep producing countries Through histopathological and radiographic studies we could explain and grade the lesions observed clinically Such lesions at bone level also can explain clinical observations in animals that heal from acute lesions but still have chronic bone damage This complemented and deepened the clinical classification system based on the grade of lesions will allow technicians and farmers to more consistently define treatment control and prevention strategies that will be beneficial for animal health and economically beneficial for sheep producers The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors Ethical approval was not required for the studies involving Animals researchers processed the samples that arrived routinely at service laboratory after death of these animals Death occurred due to culling or other reason in the respective farms Written informed consent was not obtained from the owners for the participation of their animals in this study because agreement was performed orally between veterinaries and the owners The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article This publication was supported by the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Uruguay (INIA CS thanks FAPERGS for funding the postgraduate scholarship The authors acknowledge all sheep producers who collaborated with the collection and sending samples to the laboratory The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest The authors declare that no Gen AI was used in the creation of this manuscript All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1567665/full#supplementary-material Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar Foot rot and other foot diseases of goat and sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil Dynamics and impact of footrot and climate on hoof horn length in 50 ewes from one farm over a period of 10 months A longitudinal study of the role of Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum load in initiation and severity of footrot in sheep Ovine footrot: a review of current knowledge Farmers’ practices and factors associated with the prevalence of all lameness and lameness attributed to interdigital dermatitis and footrot in sheep flocks in England in 2004 Estudo retrospectivo das afecções locomotoras em ruminantes atendidos na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo entre 2000 e 2012 doi: 10.11606/issn.2318-3659.v50i4p286-293 Risk factors associated with the infection of sheep with Dichelobacter nodosus Naming and recognition of six foot lesions of sheep using written and pictorial information: a study of 809 English sheep farmers Farmer reported prevalence and factors associated with contagious ovine digital dermatitis in Wales: a questionnaire of 511 sheep farmers Contagious ovine digital dermatitis: an emerging disease Clinical and radiographic features of contagious ovine digital dermatitis and a novel lesion grading system lameness in random samples of English sheep flocks: 2004–2013 Contagious ovine digital dermatitis: a novel bacterial etiology and lesion pathogenesis Costs of the major endemic diseases of sheep in Great Britain and the potential benefits of reduction in disease impact Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar A within farm clinical trial to compare two treatments (parenteral antibacterials and hoof trimming) for sheep lame with footrot Data from: MLA final report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries Australia: Meat and Livestock Australia (2015) Google Scholar Current approaches to the management of ovine footrot PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar Risk factors associated with the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis in sheep from 1999 to 2000 Footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep: farmers’ practices Lesões podais em ovinos da Mesorregião Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul Footrot in sheep: key messages from recent research Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar State of Victoria: Department of Primary Industries USA (2007) Google Scholar Evaluating observer agreement of scoring systems for foot integrity and footrot lesions in sheep The aetiology and pathogenesis of ovine footrot 1 A histological study of the bacterial invasion Histopathological characterization of the lesions of contagious ovine digital dermatitis and immunolabelling of Treponema-like organisms 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observational study of 154 English sheep flocks 2013-2015 39. Hoise, B. Footrot and lameness in sheep. Vet Record. (2004) 154:37–8. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14758827/ Google Scholar Randomized clinical trial of long-acting oxytetracycline and flunixine meglumine on time to recovery in sheep with footrot A clinical trial comparing parenteral oxytetracyline and enrofloxacin on time to recovery in sheep lame with acute or chronic footrot in Kashmir Cross-protective immunity and the serological classification system for Bacteroides nodosus Outbreak-specific monovalent/bivalent vaccination to control and eradicate virulent ovine footrot A comparison of multivalent and bivalent vaccination strategies for the control of virulent ovine footrot Multiple model triangulation to identify factors associated with lameness in British sheep flocks Ovine footrot: new approaches to an old disease PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar Fraga M and Leite dos Anjos B (2025) Histopathological and radiographic characterization of the lesions of pododermatitis in sheep: support for the establishment of the foot injuries degree and its prognosis Received: 27 January 2025; Accepted: 02 April 2025; Published: 25 April 2025 Copyright © 2025 Silveira, Moreira de Morais, Araújo Damboriarena, Pozzobon, Fraga and Leite dos Anjos. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Caroline da Silva Silveira, Y2Rhc2lsdmFzQGluaWEub3JnLnV5; Bruno Leite dos Anjos, YnJ1bm9hbmpvc0B1bmlwYW1wYS5lZHUuYnI= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish By Charlotte Turner | Friday after years of waiting for government approvals to be finalised Dufry officially opened its first Brazilian duty free border shop in Uruguaiana As reported by TRBusiness at the end of July Dufry announced the opening of the new store during a H1 2019 results and earnings call with analysts and members of the media Dufry’s first Brazilian land border duty free store follows the unveiling of the inaugural Brazilian border stores As extensively reported, the approval of the required regulation to operate land border duty free stores in any of Brazil’s 32 cities bordering variously with Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Uruguay, Guyana, Venezuela and Suriname was several years in the making ‘EXCLUSIVE PRODUCTS’ FROM INTERNATIONAL BRANDS The Brazilian Customs authorities finally approved the regulation and gave the green light for the land border duty free stores last March customers are invited to sample wines and spirits at a tasting bar and are able to take advantage of various interactive and digital activities pertaining to perfumes and cosmetics Dufry’s new 850sq m shop offers an assortment of ‘prestige international brands’ similar to those seen in Dufry’s airport shops around the world “Uruguaiana is one of the most important cities in the South of Brazil Brands on offer include the following: MAC thanks to the close relationship Dufry has with brand partners customers strongly benefit from ongoing launches of novelties exclusive products and limited editions,” adds the company At the new shop customers can also benefit from Dufry’s RED by Dufry loyalty program aas well as its Reserve & Collect service which allows customers to pre-order their purchases online we were long-awaiting the local regulation to be finalised in order to start these operations everything is going to happen,” said Julián Díaz in the recent H1 2019 results call “This is a very important project for us as we commented on in the past because there are opportunities in 32 twin cities in Brazil that are eligible to receive this type of store.” Divisional CEO Central and South America for Dufry adds: “I am thrilled with our debut in the duty-free border shop business in Brazil “We are now focusing on exploring this completely new channel for Dufry in Brazil We are looking forward to offering customers the same world class shopping experience they can find in our shops worldwide.” TRBusiness Magazine is free to access. Read the latest issue now The Brazilian Customs authorities finally approved the regulation and gave the green light for the land border duty free stores last March. Within the store, customers are invited to sample wines and spirits at a tasting bar and are able to take advantage of various interactive and digital activities pertaining to perfumes and cosmetics. Dufry’s new 850sq m shop offers an assortment of ‘prestige international brands’ similar to those seen in Dufry’s airport shops around the world, says the Basel-based travel retailer. “Uruguaiana is one of the most important cities in the South of Brazil, at the border to Argentina,” it adds. Brands on offer include the following: MAC, Carolina Herrera, Victoria’s Secret, Shiseido, Lindt, Godiva, Johnnie Walker, Chivas, Absolut, Tanqueray, JBL, Lacoste and Desigual, among others. “Moreover, thanks to the close relationship Dufry has with brand partners, customers strongly benefit from ongoing launches of novelties, exclusive products and limited editions,” adds the company. “Uruguaiana is one of the most important cities in the South of Brazil, at the border to Argentina,” says Dufry. At the new shop customers can also benefit from Dufry’s RED by Dufry loyalty program aas well as its Reserve & Collect service, which allows customers to pre-order their purchases online. “As we have been discussing in the past, we were long-awaiting the local regulation to be finalised in order to start these operations, and now finally, everything is going to happen,” said Julián Díaz in the recent H1 2019 results call. Brands on offer include the following: MAC, Carolina Herrera, Victoria’s Secret, Shiseido, Lindt, Godiva, Johnnie Walker, Chivas, Absolut, Tanqueray, JBL, Lacoste and Desigual, among others. Rene Riedi, Divisional CEO Central and South America for Dufry, adds: “I am thrilled with our debut in the duty-free border shop business in Brazil. “We are now focusing on exploring this completely new channel for Dufry in Brazil. We are looking forward to offering customers the same world class shopping experience they can find in our shops worldwide.” This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Parts of Rio Grande do Sul have seen heavy rain throughout July Rainfall was particularly intense from 06 to 08 July At least twelve locations recorded more than 100mm of rain in 24 hours to 08 July Porto Alegre with 106.2mm and Santa Rosa with 150mm The state’s Civil Defence reported that 7,146 people were forced to leave their homes after flooding or landslides in 30 cities or municipalities Four cities have declared an emergency situation: Arroio do Meio Fatalities were reported in Caxias do Sul and Colinas Cruzeiro do Sul and Bom Retiro do Sul were flooded by the overflowing Taquari river Evacuations were carried out in São Borja after the Uruguay river broke its banks As of 11 July the Uruguay river stood at 9.5 metres at the Passo São Borja station The Uruguay is also above alert levels further downstream at Itaqui and Uruguaiana flooding homes in São Sebastião do Caí and displacing over 1,800 people The city of Igrejinha is also badly affected after flooding from the Paranhana river rivers including the Guaíba have also overflowed report that heavy rain between 09 and 12 January has caused widespread flooding in 49 municipalities of the state The heavy rain has also caused several landslides in 5 municipalities the floods have affected over 150,000 people and forced over 2,000 to evacuate their homes Five people have been injured and one is missing Defesa Civil do Paraná say that 74 homes have been completely destroyed A landslide in Campo Largo affected 405 people and displaced five Landslides were also reported in Campina Grande do Sul Over 90,000 of those affected are in Arapongas municipality near the city of Londrina in the north of the state of Paraná Only 25 people have been displaced however Over 9,000 homes have been damaged and 50 destroyed 36,240 people have been affected by the flooding in Rolândia Over 1,700 have been affected by floods in Londrina with 337 homes damaged and 50 people displaced Londrina recorded 180 mm of rain in 24 hours between 11 and 12 January 2016 and 91 mm the day before visited some of the affected areas on 14 January 2016 to see the damage for himself including the destroyed broad bridge across the Rio Parapó between Iguaraçu and Maringá Flooding affected wide areas of Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil in late December 2015 after a period of heavy rain As many 2,000 families (around 9,000 people) were forced to evacuate in 12 municipalities including Uruguaiana Civil defence authority in Rio Grande do Sul said earlier this week that 56 municipalities suffered damage with the remainder under evaluation and proof of damage More photos of the flood damage in Paraná state Richard Davies is the founder of floodlist.com and reports on flooding news 43,000+ global companies doing business in the region 102,000+ key contacts related to companies and projects news and interviews about your industry in English Diálogo Américas The Armed Forces of Argentina and Brazil strengthen cooperative ties by engaging in joint simulated and field exercises. Building upon the success of two previous joint exercises, Operations Yaguareté and Hermandad, service members from Argentina and Brazil are scheduled to engage in two more joint training operations in 2016, with the aim of strengthening the cooperative ties between the two Militaries. “An international atmosphere requires militaries to increase their capabilities to join deployed forces and interact in a cooperative environment with other nations,” said Colonel Newton Cleo Bochi Luz, chief of the Operations Coordination Center for the Brazilian Southern Military Command (CMS), which is headquartered in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. “An important element of creating cooperation and regional stability is having forces that are familiar with each other.” Col. Bochi Luz was one of the CMS coordinators for Operation Hermandad, which was conducted November 16th-20th by Brazilian Army (EB) in Santa Maria and Uruguaiana, sites near the border with Argentina. Hermandad primarily involved 15 officers from each force to coordinate planning and conduct a Command Post Exercise for a Combined General Command for a Large Combat Unit under an Army Division. In addition to its 15 officers, 30 Brazilian Sergeants also participated in the operation. Command officers from the two Armed Forces came up with the initial ideas for Hermandad in 2006, Maj. Gen. Jorge da Costa explained. The first iteration occurred in November 2014 in Paraná, Argentina. Armed Forces authorities intend on conducting this operation annually, with Military officials planning on holding the 2016 edition at the Entre Ríos unit, but the date has yet to be determined. “The goal is to have firm ties uniting us, with cooperation and friendship between the two Armies, in addition to a mutual understanding of the procedures, methods and techniques each side employs,” Maj. Gen. Jorge da Costa stated. Argentine Brigadier General Gustavo Fernando Booth, commanding officer of the Second Armored Brigade, added, “Our goal is also to increase our professional and doctrinal knowledge to contribute to the interoperability between the two Armies.” While the operation conducted training in Uruguaiana (November 16th-17th; 20th) and in Santa Maria (November 18th-19th), the closing ceremony was held on the countries’ border, where Military officers crossed the Uruguaiana-Paso de los Libres International Bridge over the Uruguay River. CAS-PC hosted the simulations, performed by Combater software, and verified the results. During the operation, service members engaged in a number of exercises involving the gathering of intelligence, Troop mobilization, logistics, operational actions and civilian matters, according to Brig. Gen. Booth. “We simulated the actions of a Combined General Command for a Large Armored Unit undertaking a broad-spectrum defensive operation with planning from the statement of directives from the commanding officer (mission announcement) through final decision. “The exercises establish common parameters to resolve possible future necessities to employ the two forces, primarily to protect civilians, for humanitarian aid, defense, and the protection of natural resources,” Brig. Gen. Booth added. “Hermandad was a success. Because each country has hosted one year, we are cementing our bases to be able to fulfill our objectives.” The Hermandad operation did not require Troops to conduct field exercises or use combat equipment. Instead, participating Soldiers waged virtual battle on computer screens at the CAS-PC in Santa Maria. The use of Combater software installed in its facilities allows for a more credible evaluation of the results of the maneuvers employed by the General Command, according to Maj. Gen. Da Costa. “The group demonstrated initiative and flexibility in adapting to joint planning processes, leading to a harmonious work environment targeting correct solutions to the simulated Military problem,” he said. Prior to the operation, one Colonel from the EB and one from the Argentine Army visited the center for five days to test the software. The Combater software is considered a tool and not the final goal of the ongoing mission, according to the CAS-PC Coordination Office. “In Hermandad, the two Armies executed a joint operation against a fictitious common enemy,” explained the CAS-PC Coordination Office, which has received delegations from Uruguay, Chile, Colombia, and Military Attachés from other countries. “There is an interest in seeing how we use this simulation tool, our plans, and the number of Troops we intend to train, in addition to technical and pedagogical details about how it works.” “[The technologies that CAS-PC has at its disposal] allow for profound training and preparation of Troops at a lower cost that would be required for a training operation on the ground,” said Brig. Gen. Booth, adding that Argentina has a simulation center called Virtual Battle, at Campo de Maio in Buenos Aires. “The center can almost constantly provide training for troops all year long.” The cooperative ties between the two Armed Forces is reflected in the growing number of joint exercises. In addition to the third iteration of Hermandad, the Guarani Exercise will be held in Argentina from October 10th-23rd. “Cooperation between our forces is becoming gradually and sustainably closer,” Brig. Gen. Booth said. Guarani will involve Troops from the 1st Mechanized Cavalry Brigade, 3rd Army Division, from Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, and Argentine service members from the 12th Mountain Brigade, located in Posadas, province of Misiones. Additionally, operation Saci-Duende will bring together Paratroopers from Brazil and Argentina with jumps in both countries in 2016. “The high level of training provided by Hermandad makes it possible for the two Militaries to hold discussions, get to know each other, and work within the different cultures,” Col. Bochi Luz said. For more on security and defense issues around the globe, click on the links below: continues to affect thousands across the four countries of Brazil The Uruguay, Paraguay and Paraná Rivers began to overflow in late December 2015 after a period of unusually heavy rain, blamed on El Niño. Since then over 120,000 people have been forced from their homes. Civil defence and relief agencies are finding it difficult to carry out full damage assessments In a report on their Floods Emergency Plan of Action for Argentina (PDF) the Red Cross (IFRC) say that at the moment there is “no quantifiable information regarding damage to structures or loss of dwellings” in affected areas of Argentina as water levels differ between neighbourhoods and are causing damage to buildings in the area European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO) report that there are still large rural areas in the central parts of Paraguay that have not been assessed for flood damage due to the difficulty of access particularly in Concepción and Presidente Hayes departments The current flood disaster in South America involves three major rivers and their tributaries River levels have risen to dramatic levels pushed by unusually heavy rains brought by El Niño which have fallen in widespread river catchment areas In their report on the current flood situation in Argentina IFRC say that “the El Niño phenomenon has driven the rains in South America and their distribution closely matches the El Niño forecasts” The report adds that it is expected that flooding will continue through January 2016 and into early February in the coast of Argentina ECHO says that the next months are forecast to continue to be critical by National Meteorological Agencies and will be joined by seasonal autumn rains expected for April around 20,000 people have been evacuated as a result of the flooding since late December 2015 Corrientes and Chaco are the worst affected and the floods have been blamed for at least 6 deaths IFRC say that in Concordia the Uruguay River reached its highest level in 50 years more than 13,500 people were displaced in the province of Entre Ríos Since then levels of the Uruguay and Paraná have fallen around 11,000 people remained displaced in Concordia Santa Fe province has escaped the widespread flooding affecting other states yesterday local civil defence authorities in Rosario warned that the Paraná River continues to rise and is expected to reach its peak next week Some families have been evacuated as a result Flooding has also affected more areas of Chaco province in the last 2 days Flooding of the Paraná River in Chaco province has affected the municipalities of Barranqueras Las Palmas and Isla del Cerrito since late December at least 6,000 people remained displaced according to the province’s ministry of social development civil defence authorities have carried out further evacuations a further 112 families were evacuated in Puerto Bermejo after flooding the the Paraguay River Puerto Bermejo is about 50 km downriver from Pilar in Paraguay an area of grave concern for that country’s emergency authorities The latest reports say that levels of the Paraguay in Pilar are still above the danger mark (see below) Puerto Bermejo sits close to the point where the Bermejo River meets the Paraguay the Bermejo River has been causing flood problems for communities in Salta Province Authorities there have evacuated 260 people in towns in northern Salta province after the Bermejo River overflowed Reports say that the increased river levels were a result o heavy rain in catchment areas in Bolivia Meanwhile the flood situation in Uruguay continues to improve, as FloodList reported on 08 January. reports that levels of the Uruguay River have continued to decline over the last 48 hours the river is now below danger levels in Artigas and Salto Levels are still above the danger mark in Paysandu standing at 6.58 metres (safety is 5.5 metres) but are expected to drop further over the coming days There are still 13,326 people displaced by the floods – 160 in Artigas SINAE say that operations for the displaced to return home have started in those three departments those displaced are expected to start returning home on 13 January 2016 The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare has declared an alert for Dengue Chikungunya and Zika throughout the country The weeks of wet weather and flooding have made it difficult to control the Aedes aegypti mosquito Thankfully levels of the Paraguay River at Asunción appear to be falling. FloodList reported that levels stood at 7.84 metres on 07 January Paraguay’s La Dirección de Meteorología e Hidrología (DMH) report that levels had dropped to 7.61 metres and continue on a downward trend although still well above the 5.5 metres considered to be “critical stage” Municipal Disaster and Emergency Agency in Asunción have set up 124 emergency shelters set up for those displaced by the floods. The last figures from Pan American Health Organisation (PDF) say that over 60,000 people displaced by the floods are currently being housed in the temporary shelters adding that there are 110,000 directly affected by the floods in Asunción Authorities in Paraguay were concerned that the flooding would inundate the towns of Alberdi and Pilar where river levels have increased by around 4 metres since November last year La Secretaría de Emergencia Nacional (SEN) issued evacuation warnings to all residents in the small town of Alberdi in Ñeembucú Department Around 120 families evacuated to Formosa in Argentina SEN have deployed flood control and pumping equipment in Alberdi River levels stood at 9.80 metres as of 07 January 2016 and have since fallen slightly to 9.77 metres the Paraguay River is still above danger levels although levels remained steady in the last 24 hours Levels would normally be around 4.5 metres at this time of year Alerts are issued when the level is 7 metres Critical level is considered to be 8 metres and disaster level 9.6 metres there is a protective wall along the river’s edge SEN have warned of the likely loss of life should the wall break positive rays of lightning occur five times more frequently in the western part of the State of Rio Grande do Sul than they do in other regions of Brazil ELAT/INPEPositive ray observed in Uruguaiana: 25% of the electric discharges in the region are of this kind ELAT/INPE positive rays of lightning account for only 5% of such rays these rays of lightning prevail in the Southeast the country’s most closely monitored region Data collected over the last three years by sensors of the Brazilian Network of Atmospheric Discharges/BrasilDat and field measurements conducted during the last two summers portray a distinct and worrisome situation in another part of the country In the west and north of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and in the west of the State of Santa Catarina the formation of positive lightning is up to five times more frequent and discharges of this kind account for 25% of the total number “Similar rates are known in only two other places on our planet: in the American Midwest and in Japan,” says Osmar Pinto Junior coordinator of the Atmospheric Electricity Group/Elat of the National Aerospatiale Research Institute/Inpe) The institute is at the forefront of research studies on rays of lightning “We have to pay attention to this special situation in the South,” he says Forest fires and damage to the electric power network caused by lightning are generally blamed on these positive discharges Some specific characteristics render these positive rays potentially more dangerous the intensity of the electric current tends to be higher than that of the negative discharges the discharge can be even ten times higher and correspond to 300 thousand amperes Even though the intensity of the current is not necessarily stronger the discharge lasts for a longer time on the ground “The positive bolts hit the ground and last for hundreds of milliseconds,” says physicist Marcelo Saba who is participating in field work that chases electric discharges In the municipal regions of Uruguaiana and Santa Rosa in the State of Rio Grande do Sul researchers caught positive rays of lightning that transferred electricity to the ground for more than 500 milliseconds twice the average amount of time of a negative ray of lightning Long-lasting discharges are more destructive than shorter ones even though both kinds have the same electric current The air around such a powerful ray of lightning can achieve temperatures that are five times higher than those on the solar surface Comprised of droplets of water and particles of ice in different sizes which are the origin of most rays of lightning become electrically charged and separate into two poles: the smaller positively charged ones (crystals) remain on top negatively charged particles (hail) remain on the bottom because electric charges with different polarities attract each other Storm clouds give rise to rays of lightning when some kind of imbalance in this system causes the electric field produced by all these charges to go beyond the insulating capacity of air at a given point inside the cloud Approximately 70% of the rays remain inside the cloud or in the atmosphere while only 30% find their way to the ground If the ray of lightning going down to the ground is negatively charged this ray will look for the best pathway in the atmosphere that will lead it to a positively charged point on the ground No Ramifications This brief explanation on how electric charges are distributed in the cumulonimbus clouds makes it relatively easily to understand why the occurrence of positive rays that hit the ground anywhere in the world is not as frequent as the occurrence of negative rays As the lower part of the clouds is closer to Earth’s surface the negatively charged discharges are easier to observe and are a common occurrence on days when it is raining heavily Most of the rays originating at the top of these clouds remain inside the clouds at a distance of 5 to 20 kilometers above the ground some of these discharges that originate on the top of the clouds escape from the thundercloud and hit the ground the positive rays burn through the air as if though they were a single light and electric wire usually without the branches that are commonly seen around the negative discharges They can travel through relatively long distances in the atmosphere and fall at a distance of more than ten kilometers from the cloud that generated them There is no scientific evidence that the higher occurrence of positive rays in the south of Brazil is a recent atmospheric phenomenon or is linked to the climate changes apparently taking place on Earth “We do not have the historical series of the occurrence of the discharges in the State of Rio Grande do Sul but I don’t think that this is anything new,” says Pinto Junior whose research studies were partially funded by a theme project run by FAPESP This region has probably been prone to this phenomenon for many years no reliable methods existed to measure this kind of event in the country’s southern region which had been limited to the southeastern states That is when the first detailed information on lightning in this part of Brazil began to be generated Researchers suspect that the higher occurrence of positive discharges in the region of Uruguaiana and Santa Rosa might be connected to a local climatic characteristic: the collision of cold and dry fronts coming from Argentina with the hot and humid fronts coming from the Amazon are heavy thunderstorms which theoretically might set off an abnormal percentage of positive discharges There are some signs indicating that storms in the south have become heavier in the last ten years with higher amount of rain and lightning concentrated in a few hours But it is still too early to relate one thing to the other equipped with electric field sensors that produce 8 thousand images per second a town in the middle of the State of Rio Grande do Sul “Since 2003 we have filmed roughly 1,500 rays in Brazil,” says Saba The Project National Lightning Ray Monitoring Project (Pronar) (nº 03/08655-4); Modality Theme Project; Coordinator Osmar Pinto Junior – Inpe; Investment R$ 673.089,30 © Revista Pesquisa FAPESP - All rights reserved The operator’s first border duty free shop features an array of global brands Dufry has officially opened the doors of its first Brazil duty-free border shop in Uruguaiana, becoming the first major travel operator to invest in a Brazilian border duty free store, as previously reported Dufry is also expecting customers to benefit from ongoing launches of novelties The operator has also made its loyalty programme and its Reserve & Collect scheme available to the customers of the new store allowing them to pre-order their purchases online meaning that there will be a total of 32 Brazilian twin-cities with the right to operate duty free border shops Dufry has already made clear its intention to expand its business in all of these cities commented: “I am thrilled with our debut in the duty-free border shop business in Brazil The completion of the regulations has been long-awaited and we are now focusing on exploring this completely new channel for Dufry in Brazil “We are looking forward to offering customers the same WorldClass shopping experience they can find in our shops worldwide.” Tagged with: By Andrew Pentol | Tuesday Dufry opened its first Brazilian border duty free shop in Uruguaiana at the border with Argentina in August 2019 Up to nine more Brazil land border duty free stores have been authorised to open after it was revealed that the outlets are in the ‘implementation phase.’ This significant development was revealed by influential local politician Frederico Antunes on day one of the virtual La Frontera Hoy (second edition) meeting of border duty free shops in Latin America (24-25 November) The development means Brazil will strengthen the 11 land border shops currently in operation following the passing of legislation granting their operation in the *32 twin cities in 2018 Three of the new stores will located in Barra do Quaraí and will be operated by Brasil Free Shop New York Free Shop (Loja 2) will operate a store in Uruguaiana while Brazil Free Shop will run shops in São Borja and Quaraí Brasil Free Shop will run new Brazilian border duty free shops in São Borja Quaraí and Barra do Quaraí in information revealed by Frederico Antunes Deputy and President of the Parliamentary Front in Defense of the Implementation of the Free Shop in the Twin Cities of the Border Liberty and Duty Free Americas will each operate a store in Foz do Iguaçu while Top Internacional will run an outlet in Guajará-Mirim Currently, seven border duty free shops are already operational in Uruguaiana. These are operated by Dufry Group Further outlets are located in Jaguarão, Porto Xavier, Barra do Quaraí, Porto Mauá and Foz do Iguaçu. The stores are operated by Caraballat, Caturra, Emporio Duty Free, Free Shop Mauá and Sky Duty Free respectively Regulation to open land border duty free stores in Brail was finally approved in 2018, following the submission of a draft bill to the Brazilian government back in 2012 Eleven border duty free shops are operating in Rio Grande Do Sul ASUTIL said: “I would say that from the 11 that started we are having more [shops] and this is a really great success given the situation of Covid-19 with less displacement of people.” In separate but related news reported earlier, the technical division of Brazil’s federal revenue agency Receita Federal is understood to have granted approval to a measure that would lift the allowance ceiling for Brazilians purchasing in their own shops from $300-$500 Dufry’s first 850 square meter border store in Brazil is located in Uruguaiana and offers prestige international brands offers an assortment of prestige international brands similar to those seen in Dufry’s airport outlets around the world Customers will also benefit from ongoing launches of novelties The new shop will offer two of Dufry’s best known customer services: RED by Dufry where customers can try famous wines and spirits as well as interactive and digital technologies supporting the selection of perfumes and cosmetics seek to create a memorable shopping experience Dufry said it was “very pleased” to have opened its first border duty free shop in Brazil following the final approval of the new regulation by the local Customs authority a total of 32 Brazilian twin-cities have the right to operate duty free border shops and Dufry intends to expand this business in all of these cities said: “I am thrilled with our debut in the duty free border shop business in Brazil We are looking forward to offering customers the same world-class shopping experience they can find in our shops worldwide.” Severe thunderstorms tore through parts of northern Argentina and southern Brazil Wednesday into early Thursday Hail up to the size of tennis balls pelted parts of Córdoba and Santa Fe provinces west and northwest of the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires on Wednesday Social media photos showed vehicles covered in dents, windshields smashed, homes with damaged shutters and roofs in Santa Fe province. The hail was enough to cover the grass An eerie hail fog lingered after the storm passed in some places a tornado was spawned in Córdoba province Wednesday (INTERACTIVE: Where Tornadoes Strike Around the World)  This cluster of severe thunderstorms then pushed northeastward into far southern Brazil early Thursday morning downing utility poles and damaging homes in the town of Uruguaiana Flooding along the Rio Uruguay in São Borja and Uruguaiana affected 1,160 residents The culprit to this was a strong jet-stream level disturbance pivoting east swinging east over warmer more humid air ahead of cold front driving east across northern Argentina into Paraguay In his book The Rough Guide to Weather, Weather Underground blogger Bob Henson says large hail is a perennial threat in and around the Sierras de Córdoba, a mountain range just west of the city of Córdoba, Argentina Henson says strong afternoon thunderstorms may occur every 3-4 days in and near the city Jonathan Erdman is a senior meteorologist at weather.com and has been an incurable weather geek since a tornado narrowly missed his childhood home in Wisconsin at age 7. Follow him on Twitter and Google Plus We recognize our responsibility to use data and technology for good We may use or share your data with our data vendors The Weather Channel is the world's most accurate forecaster according to ForecastWatch, Global and Regional Weather Forecast Accuracy Overview Hail up to the size of tennis balls pelted parts of C\u00F3rdoba and Santa Fe provinces west and northwest of the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires on Wednesday.  Social media photos showed vehicles covered in dents, windshields smashed, homes with damaged shutters and roofs in Santa Fe province. The hail was enough to cover the grass a tornado was spawned in C\u00F3rdoba province Wednesday (INTERACTIVE: Where Tornadoes Strike Around the World)  Flooding along the Rio Uruguay in S\u00E3o Borja and Uruguaiana affected 1,160 residents In his book The Rough Guide to Weather, Weather Underground blogger Bob Henson says large hail is a perennial threat in and around the Sierras de C\u00F3rdoba, a mountain range just west of the city of C\u00F3rdoba, Argentina Jonathan Erdman is a senior meteorologist at weather.com and has been an incurable weather geek since a tornado narrowly missed his childhood home in Wisconsin at age 7. Follow him on Twitter and Google Plus Impresionante el tama\u00F1o del #granizo en San Jeronimo Sud en Santa Fe #Argentina Video pic.twitter.com/ZtO8Ff4kBn FLASH | Novas imagens do granizo destrutivo na prov\u00EDncia argentina de Santa F\u00E9. pic.twitter.com/hmHmNYN8UC #Tornado flagrado em #Sampacho, #C\u00F3rdoba, #Argentina (Cr\u00E9dito do v\u00EDdeo: Reprodu\u00E7\u00E3o/Meteo Tube) pic.twitter.com/BfBHlS6VLj