asking to remain anonymous.Authorities say the idea came from a 2019 World Health Organization study exploring the role of the arts in promoting health and dealing with illness.During COVID-19 lockdowns
museum closures hit people's well-being
head of the city's culture department."That was a real trigger and we were really convinced that culture was essential for the well-being of humanity," she said.The initiative will be tested for a year and could be expanded to other activities such as theatre."We'd love this project to take off and have enough patients to prove its worth and that one day
health insurance covers culture as a form of therapy," said Courcier Delafontaine.Writing by Emma Farge; Editing by Alex Richardson
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The Swiss town of Neuchâtel is offering its residents a novel medical option: Expose yourself to art and get a doctor’s note to do it for free
local and regional authorities are covering the costs of “museum prescriptions” issued by doctors who believe their patients could benefit from visits to any of the town’s four museums as part of their treatment
the cultural mediation manager in Neuchatel
and town council member Julie Courcier Delafontaine chat about a new “museum prescription” program outside the Ethnographic Museum of Neuchatel in Neuchatel
Switzerland (AP) — The world’s woes got you down
Need a little something extra to fight illness or prep for surgery
Art can help relax the mind — as a sort of preventative medicine — and visits to museums require getting up and out of the house with physical activity like walking and standing for long periods
Neuchatel council member Julie Courcier Delafontaine said the COVID crisis also played a role in the program’s genesis
“With the closure of cultural sites (during coronavirus lockdowns)
people realized just how much we need them to feel better.”
She said so far some 500 prescriptions have been distributed to doctors around town and the program costs “very little.” Ten thousand Swiss francs (about $11,300) have been budgeted for it
local officials could expand the program to other artistic activities like theater or dance
The Swiss national health care system doesn’t cover “culture as a means of therapy,” but she hopes it might one day
the cultural mediation manager in the town of 46,000 who helped devise the program
said it built on a similar idea rolled out at the Fine Arts Museum in Montreal
She said many types of patients could benefit
a person with a chronic illness,” she said near a display of a feather headdress from Papua New Guinea at the Ethnographic Museum of Neuchatel
a converted former villa that overlooks Late Neuchatel
Part of the idea is to get recalcitrant patients out of the house and walking more
head of surgery at the Neuchatel Hospital Network
said he had already prescribed museum visits to two patients to help them get in better shape before a planned operation
He said a wider rollout is planned once a control group is set up
the focus will be on patients who admit that they’ve lost the habit of going out
“It’s wishful thinking to think that telling them to go walk or go for a stroll to improve their fitness level before surgery” will work
“I think that these patients will fully benefit from museum prescriptions
We’ll give them a chance to get physical and intellectual exercise.”
it’s really nice to prescribe museum visits rather than medicines or tests that patients don’t enjoy,” he added
“To tell them ’It’s a medical order that instructs you to go visit one of our nice city museums.’”
“I think it’s a great idea,” said Carla Fragniere Filliger
“There should be prescriptions for all the museums in the world!”
The local government of Neuchâtel has inaugurated a data center in the city of Neuchâtel
this will be the city of Neuchâtel’s second government data center facility
Built in partnership with local insurance firm Ecap
the project saw a total investment of 22.5 million francs ($24.6m)
The facility spans 3,230 sqm (34,767 sq ft)
with 1,250 sqm (13,455 sq ft) dedicated to data center space and the rest used for office
The IT capacity of the facility is not known
director of the information systems management center
said the facility will be able to store several petabytes of data
Plans for the data center were first mooted in 2016
with the Grand Council accepting a loan to build the new facility
The canton added that the new facility allows its local IT department
State councilor Crystel Graf told local press
“It is important to have data centers on Neuchâtel soil in order to guarantee the flow of data
The possibility of having two data centers ensures the redundancy of information and thus avoids data loss.”
The local government will continue to operate its first data center in La Chaux-de-Fonds
however expects all data will be transferred to the new facility by 2027
Neuchâtel is located in the north-west of Switzerland
close to both the German and French borders
It is widely considered the French-speaking capital of the canton
Bern is home to operators such as Colobern and Swisscom
Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia
selects her favourite stories in this weekly newsletter
I grew up in LA and went to Singapore after school to learn about the worlds of luxury and watches
so in 2014 I applied for a luxury programme in Lausanne and I fell in love with the country from that very first trip
to the lakes – and experienced my first real winter
There are many parks; everyone is either walking
cycling or hiking; and you can hear the birds sing
I live on Lake Neuchâtel in a flat with a private beach
The only challenge has been the language; I studied German in high school
I have just enough words to get by – but I’m learning
Ini Archibong on the ramparts at Neuchâtel Castle © Henry DiagneWhile Geneva or Zürich would be more convenient for my work
the beauty and anonymity is worth the two-hour commute to the airport
My seven-year-old daughter lives in Basel: I pick her up on Fridays and we head straight to the lake
so I love watching her being able to go places solo and swim with swans – it’s so unusual
– and she’s been skiing since she was three years old
Some areas have more of a French Riviera feel
Jardin du Palais DuPeyrou © Henry DiagneI prefer solitude
The “pavilions” were built in 2002 as part of the Swiss national exhibition Expo and 24 of these are on stilts that jut out into the lake
Archibong at O’terroirs restaurant at the Beau-Rivage Hotel © Henry DiagneThe Beau-Rivage Hotel in Neuchâtel © Henry DiagneMy daughter loves to run around Neuchâtel Castle – a beautiful Gothic building high on the hill – and visit the surrounding Old Town. There are so many galleries and art spaces here: Palais Galerie and WhiteSpaceBlackBox are two of the best
The latter is a modern home on the lake where they have an artists’ residency; it’s a real hub of creative experimentation
an old-world maison with a beautiful French garden
it’s all about fish from the lake – fried pike or perch – which is the opposite of fancy
restaurants put tables on terraces and you just eat fish and chips and swim
Many are in remote nooks that are primarily accessible by boat
inspecting a Patek Philippe annual calendar with a loupe from Michaud © Henry DiagneThe beauty of this place is that it’s never going to change
People don’t leave from one generation to the next
Most people think of it as a train stop on the way to Geneva or Lausanne
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Stressed? Feeling run down? In need of a little pick-me-up? Well, if you're in the Swiss town of Neuchâtel, you might just get a doctor’s note to visit a museum - for free
In a novel pilot project launched by local and regional authorities
doctors can now prescribe "museum visits" as part of a treatment plan
which covers the cost of entry to any of the town’s four museums
aims to boost mental health and provide some cultural respite for patients
The idea isn’t just about enjoying art; it’s backed by science
A 2019 World Health Organization report highlighted the numerous mental health benefits of engaging with the arts
From reducing the impact of trauma to slowing cognitive decline
art therapy has been shown to have a positive impact on overall well-being
"Art can help relax the mind, almost like preventative medicine," said Julie Courcier Delafontaine, a Neuchâtel council member. "People realised during the Covid crisis
just how much we need these spaces to feel better"
the programme has distributed around 500 prescriptions
with only a modest budget of 10,000 Swiss francs (roughly €10,460)
If successful, local officials are considering expanding it to include other cultural activities like theatre or dance. Though the Swiss national health system currently doesn’t cover "culture as therapy," Courcier Delafontaine hopes it might in the future
Marianne de Reynier Nevsky, the cultural mediation manager in Neuchâtel, was instrumental in creating the programme, drawing inspiration from a similar initiative launched in Montreal in 2019
She believes a wide range of patients could benefit
from those suffering depression to those with chronic illnesses or mobility issues
a person with a chronic illness," Nevsky explained
The key is encouraging patients to get out of the house
and engage with their surroundings - even if it’s just for an hour in a museum
head of surgery at the Neuchâtel Hospital Network
has already prescribed museum visits to patients
it’s an opportunity to get fit and active before going under the knife
He believes a more widespread rollout will help get more patients moving
"I think these patients will fully benefit from museum prescriptions," Sauvain said
"It’s a chance to get both physical and intellectual exercise"
And it's not just the doctors who are excited
was all for the idea during a recent visit to the Ethnographic Museum
"There should be prescriptions for all the museums in the world!"
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The Lake Neuchâtel and Lake Murten Navigation Company (LNM) is canceling some trips in May and June due to asbestos removal work on its fleet
The work being carried out by a specialist company is taking longer than planned
The cancellations are selective in nature and the impact on customers will be kept to a minimum
The affected trips will be published on the LNM website
The shipping company expects to resume normal operations at the end of June
Traces of asbestos were discovered in the technical area of the fleet
The Board of Directors then decided at the beginning of April to carry out asbestos removal to protect the health of the ship's personnel
LNM offered the employees a medical check-up
the costs of which will be covered by the company
especially if the asbestos fibers are inhaled
Asbestos has been banned in Switzerland since 1990
It was only around three weeks ago that the management spoke of financial difficulties at a media conference
The looming loss of CHF 600,000 this year was much higher than expected
The company therefore decided to suspend a renovation project
An external audit had also concluded that far too little had been invested in the maintenance of the ships in the past
The latter will remain part of the coaching staff
Gigon has been the Neuchâtel Hockey Academy's head coach for over ten years but wanted to take on a different role within the organization
He will also be involved in the players' development on different levels
he has been with the Association Cantonale Neuchâteloise de Hockey sur Glace for several years and coached HC Yverdon-les-Bains last season
Stengel's coaching staff will be completed by Olivier Jaeggi and Thierry Bourquin
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Swiss module manufacturer Freesuns has installed 33,300 of its solar roof tiles on three historical buildings in the Swiss town of Neuchâtel
completing a growing number of interesting heritage
The latest example is a project with 33,300 Freesuns solar roof tiles installed on three Swiss protected buildings located in Neuchâtel
has 188 kW of Freesuns Solaris Premium Black tiles
have 130 kW and 95 kW installed capacity respectively
Each is fitted with Solaris Heritage tiles
The roof renovation is expected to be completed by November 2024
“We hope that these pioneering renovation projects will serve as an inspiring model for other cantons and municipalities
This perfectly illustrates the balance between balance heritage and sustainable development
made possible by our tiles,” said Deborah Learoyd
The Freesuns’ Solaris Premium Black modules have a glossy black finish with no visible lines
generating up to 144 W/m2 and weighing 46.69 kg/m2
The product line is suitable for renovations and new buildings
The Solaris Heritage product has a matte grey finish
and is suitable for new or for replacing slate-tile roofs
Both tile types contain 4 monocrystalline PERC cells
and are made in a glass-glass configuration using tempered glass with anti-reflection coatings
The company’s PV technology was developed in a long-standing collaboration with CSEM
“These projects demonstrate that through innovation
and the preservation of architectural heritage,” said Matthieu Despeisse
More articles from Valerie Thompson
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Since then they have spread to colonise at least six Swiss lakes including Lake Geneva.The population
is poised to multiply up to 20 times in Switzerland in the next two decades
according to a 2023 study by aquatic research institute Eawag and Swiss universities based on trends seen in the Great Lakes of the United States since the 1980s.The mussels are already present in France and Germany.It is not known exactly how each lake was invaded
but mussel larvae can spread on rivers or currents and be introduced into new bodies of water when boats or equipment are moved.Once in
the species multiplies rapidly with one individual capable of producing hundreds of thousands of larvae."When we look underwater
we can see that it has an exponential colonisation
as these ecosystems are now completely covered
from the surface to the depths," Jacquet said.Some Swiss lakes have been spared
authorities are now considering new rules for cleaning and shipping boats to stop the spread.Writing by Emma Farge; Editing by Andrew Heavens
BA111OD has made waves in the Swiss watchmaking world with its unique business model and disruptive approach
the brand relied solely on LinkedIn to market its first watches
BA111OD has built a reputation for Swiss haute horlogerie at an affordable price
Swiss Tourbillons at Unbeatable Prices
BA111OD’s most notable achievement is its ability to offer Swiss tourbillon watches - normally priced at well over CHF 30,000 - for under CHF 6,000
This has democratized access to complex mechanical watches to a broader audience
with the brand having sold over 1,200 tourbillons since its launch
where customers (called "afluendors"— a contraction of ambassadors
has helped keep prices low by bypassing traditional distribution and marketing channels
I was able to experience this first hand at the launch party
A Neuchâtel businessman shared an anecdote with me: he noticed the other day that his electrician
two people who weren’t previously into luxury watchmaking
ended up casually chatting about tourbillons.
BA111OD’s deep connection to Neuchâtel is central to its identity
with the brand’s atelier located a stone’s throw away from the historic Collégiale Church
where a father-and-daughter duo assembles each timepiece
The company’s familial roots in watchmaking go back centuries
Baillod’s research (conducted with historian Rossella Baldi)
was inspired by a childhood fascination with a photograph of a watchmaker called Ulysse Baillod
which revealed that his family has been involved in watchmaking since 1775
also the brand’s logo and visible in the stained-glass windows of the Collégiale Church
BA111OD will be moving its headquarters from the Villa Castellane to the Place du Marché
The brand will proudly add "Neuchâtel" to its logo
Our heart and soul belong to this canton,” says Baillod
BA111OD is unveiling a trilogy of watches over three months
each tied to Neuchâtel’s heritage and values
the Chapter 4.12 "Neuchâtel" Tourbillon 5th Anniversary Edition features a tourbillon and a handcrafted métiers d’art dial with a miniature acrylic painting of a view of the city of Neuchâtel
inspired by a sketch from local artist Célestine Sahli
Each watch is a one-of-a-kind piece of art
with the painting created using a single-hair paintbrush by the artisans from Atelier Blandenier
"This technique demands as much meticulousness
and patience as it does accuracy in the artisanal gesture"
The Chapter 4.12 features a 44mm grade 5 titanium case housing a manually-wound movement with a 105-hour power reserve
Designed by renowned watchmaker Olivier Mory
the tourbillon is prominently displayed at 7 o’clock on the dial and crafted in the Jura Arc
The watch is finished with a midnight blue nubuck leather strap and folding clasp
The Chapter 4.12 "Neuchâtel" Tourbillon 5th Anniversary Edition is available for preorder on the brand's website: www.ba111od.com
for the price of CHF 9,400.--. It is not limited by number
The second act in the trilogy (“Daring”) will debut on November 11th 2024
will pay tribute to the watchmaking hubs of La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle
Both watches will also feature miniature acrylic paintings on their dials.
Stay tuned to WorldTempus for real-time updates on BA111OD’s upcoming projects
For more information, please visit the BA111OD website.
WATCHPRO USA
it is a way to remind customers of their centuries of heritage
for others an excuse to revive a historic design
its fifth anniversary this month is a time to remember just how far the brand has come over a period that some of its countrymen would consider a blink of an eye
the business can also remind the world how its radical business model has delivered well beyond the expectations of its more conservative industry peers
founder Thomas Baillod believed there was a better way to make
sell and market watches than either the traditional wholesale model or direct to consumers through physical stores
the brand set out to make every customer who bought its watches into an ambassador who could spread the word about BA111OD to friends and associates
This highly effective model kept overheads low and costs to a minimum
and allowed BA111OD to make and sell beautifully finished and sometimes complicated watches at well below the prices of traditional Swiss businesses
Stunning time-only watches with Soprod P024 skeleton automatic movements are retailing for under $650 while highly complex skeletonised tourbillon pieces
which would typically be priced by historic Swiss marques at well-over $40,000
Every step along the journey has been a new chapter in the BA111OD story
and Mr Baillod has chosen to name his watches the same way: Chapters 1 to 8 are the names given to collections over the first five years
Mr Baillod has made it his mission to make Swiss mechanical watchmaking
accessible to a broader audience while igniting a true passion for this centuries-old art
This mission continues in BA111OD’s fifth anniversary watches
which are arriving in a three-act trilogy of launches in October
First up is a limited edition watch dedicated to the company’s home
and carries a miniature painting of the town in acrylic on its dial
a name that conveys BA111OD’s commitment to contributing to the centuries of watchmaking skills that have built up in the Swiss canton
in another miniature acrylic painting on the dial
and pays tribute to the watchmaking hubs of Le Locle and La Chaux-de-Fonds through a dial painted with a scene of La Chaux-de-Fonds
The second and third parts of the trilogy will be unveiled in more detail on their launch days
which can be pre-ordered now for CHF 9,400
is the first BA111OD with a true métier d’art dial
Each dial is hand-painted by the exceptional artisans of Atelier Blandenier
says decades of experience and expertise are poured into each piece
“This technique demands as much meticulousness
and patience as it does accuracy in the artisanal gesture
As a Neuchâtel native and a close friend of Thomas for over thirty years
I am particularly proud that the artisans of Atelier Blandenier lend their talents to the first ‘métiers d’art’ dials of the BA111OD house’s timepieces,” he says
The 44mm watch comes in a grade 5 titanium case housing a hand-wound
modified BCP movement with a tourbillon positioned at 7 o’clock and its winding crown at 4 o’clock
produced and finely-finished by watchmaker Olivier Mory
has a 105-hour power reserve and is presented via an exhibition case back
Swiss startup Sun-ways is planning to build a 18 kW pilot PV system between the racks of a 100-m linear section of a railway line in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel
A PV system prototype developed by Sunways
From pv magazine France
Switzerland's Federal Office of Transport (FOT) has given a permit to the country's first removable solar power plant to be deployed on a railway line
The project is being developed by Swiss startup Sun-ways
which plans to begin deploying the system next year
on a 100-m linear section of the 221 railway operated by transN
the public transport company of the canton of Neuchâtel
The pilot system will rely on 48 panels with each an output of 380 W and their combined capacity will be 18 kW
The project will be built at a cost of €621,800 ($685,920) and will inject power into the local grid
Local electricity provider Viteos and DG-Rail
a company specializing in railway electrical installations
will partner with Sunways in the project construction
the Federal Office of Transport initially rejected the request as a precautionary measure
as it did not have any technical references about the proposed technology
Sunways called on two professors of mechanics from the Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) to carry out an independent assessment on specially designed prototypes
a Swiss specialist in large-scale railway engineering projects
Its objective was to demonstrate that the system is perfectly compatible with the FOT's safety criteria
as the pilot installation will operate on a railway line open to rail traffic
“As controversies grow around the installation of solar power plants in the Alps
Sunways technology could provide a relevant response and the necessary increase in solar-powered electricity production,” the company said
it exploits an unused space without disrupting train traffic or maintenance and inspection work on the tracks.”
The company explained that the solar modules can be installed manually or mechanically using a railway machine specially designed by Scheuchzer SA
which said it can install up to 1,000 m2 of solar panels per day
the solar power plant is removable and can be removed to allow maintenance work
The authorization issued by the OFT is subject to several technical conditions including that concerning a series of additional tests and measurements to be carried out throughout the operation of the pilot project
This is expected to ensure that there will be no harmful impacts on the railway infrastructure
removal and installation tests will be carried out to demonstrate that the Sunways pilot installation is perfectly adapted to the constraints related to maintenance work and the operation of the line
These tests will be carried out under the supervision of RM voie ferrée
a company specializing in inspections and railway safety
More articles from Gwénaëlle Deboutte
So what would the resulting high voltage be??
All I see is someone getting shocked or steal the panels…
How can these panels NOT hinder maintenance and inspections
Last time I looked at a railroad system there were individual railroad ties
Can the panels just be lifted up by one man so he can visually inspect the ties
Free solar panels just laying on the ground!
another solar frikkin roadways failure in the making
Neuchâtel UC remains the measure of all things in Swiss women's volleyball
The women from Neuchâtel have been crowned Swiss champions for the sixth time in a row
Six years to the day after winning its first championship title
NUC added another chapter to its success story
With a 3:1 home win in the third game of the final series against Kanti Schaffhausen
the club from Lake Neuchâtel completed the double of championship and cup for the third consecutive year
The NUC had already won the first two games of the series 3:1
For the team coached by Swiss national team coach Lauren Bertolacci
it was the crowning glory of another phenomenal season that had gone almost perfectly
in a 3-2 defeat in Schaffhausen in November
did the French-speaking Swiss team have to concede defeat at national level
The NUC managed to master the upheaval that followed the numerous departures and retirements a year ago
The team was able to count on two outstanding individual players in the decisive phase: Tia Scambray and Maia Dvoracek
The American diagonal attacker Dvoracek only joined the team during the season to replace her injured compatriot Gloria Mutiri and proved to be a stroke of luck
VC Kanti can also be satisfied with what they have achieved
The Schaffhausen team proved to be at least on a par for long stretches of the final series
but had the misfortune of having to do without their first ace Brigitta Petrenko in the final due to injury
The last time Kanti Schaffhausen played for the title twelve years ago
The days of Zurich's serial victories in the Swiss championship came to an end in 2018 when Volero withdrew; since then
the dominant team has come from Neuchâtel
NUC has an impressive 18-3 record in the last six play-off finals (no champion was crowned in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic)
The Federal Council held its weekly meeting in Neuchâtel on Wednesday
President Karin Keller-Sutter did not choose this location by chance
the Federal Councillor took a dip in the crowd
Gallen native attended business school in Neuchâtel
"I have a special connection to the canton and the city," said the President of the Swiss Confederation to the media in the courtyard of Neuchâtel Castle
in a class of Suisses-totos" (a somewhat disrespectful term for Swiss-Germans)
mentioning that she had a boyfriend in Colombier
In addition to her memories of the town of Neuchâtel and the shores of the lake
the crisis in the watch industry at the time left a lasting impression on her
The President of the Swiss Confederation did not comment on current issues
In connection with the trade conflict with the USA
she merely reiterated the need to keep a "cool head" and look for a solution with "the watch industry in mind"
The watch industry is of particular importance for the canton of Neuchâtel and the entire Swiss export industry
With regard to the Federal Council meetings "extra muros"
Keller-Sutter spoke of an element of "national cohesion": the agenda was not too heavy to keep to the schedule
The members of the Federal Council also had an "informal" exchange with the Neuchâtel State Council
whose President Florence Nater had officially welcomed them to Neuchâtel earlier that morning
the entire Federal Council went to the city center
where a meeting with the population took place
The President of the Confederation spoke of a moment of "conviviality and friendship"
This was a "beautiful tradition"
In bright sunshine and pleasant temperatures
around 300 participants were given the opportunity to address the Federal Councillors and ask them questions during an aperitif
This tradition is "a good opportunity to listen and enter into a dialog" that is not technical
said the President of the Swiss Confederation
The municipal council (executive) of the city of Neuchâtel was also present
the President raved about Neuchâtel as her "heart city" and emphasized the quality of French in the canton of Neuchâtel
According to Keller-Sutter's flattering words
the best French in French-speaking Switzerland is spoken there
Neuchâtel also combines "tradition and innovation"
The President of the Government of Neuchâtel
addressed the uncertainty and the many challenges facing the canton
The speeches were slightly disrupted by pro-Palestinian demonstrators
a joint meal with the representatives of the cantonal and communal authorities was on the agenda before the "seven wise men" returned to the federal capital
The meeting in Neuchâtel marked the 20th time that the Federal Council has met outside the Federal Palace
This tradition of meetings "extra muros" was introduced in 2010 with visits to the cantons of Ticino and Jura
They’re looking to double that number by the end of 2026.
through the Cantonal Public Health Service (SCSP)
is launching an information campaign this month to highlight the important role of first responders in the first aid chain
featuring an inspiring educational film and moving testimonies from four local volunteers who’ve faced emergencies head-on
download and register on the First Responder Neuchâtel app
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Corporativo Neuchatel sets a new standard for Class A commercial office spaces in Mexico City
it includes the city’s first truly high-performance office tower
With a prime location in Nuevo Polanco’s premier mixed-use development
the 19-story building features exceptional amenities and flexible 24,200-sq.-ft
floor plates designed to maximize daylight and city views
Tenants enjoy convenient access to nearby restaurants
one of Mexico City’s most desirable neighborhoods
HOK’s design establishes a striking entrance to the development
featuring an angled northern facade and massing that align with the plot’s geometry
Sculpted corners accentuate the tower’s gateway presence
improve views and integrate it into the urban landscape
The main facades have slightly reflective floor-to-ceiling glass and vertical accent fins for shade and texture
transparent glass on the corners further enhances the gateway aesthetic
The site design prioritizes pedestrian connectivity and inclusive
A pedestrian green space runs east to west
offering a series of lush courtyards and patios for respite from the busy city
A tree-lined north-south boulevard connects the tower to the dense Polanco neighborhood to the south
inspired by Mexico City’s historical traditions and Polanco’s rich artistic heritage
lies at the intersection of these pedestrian paths
Elegant shell-shaped pods provide versatile outdoor spaces for events
rotating art installations and a dedicated children’s play area
Integrated lighting ensures safety and activity during evening hours
with the Eye of Mexico—a large digital art sculpture designed by art collectives Ouchhh and MASSIVArt—serving as the central civic feature
This sculpture presents urban and mobility data for Mexico City via interactive light displays
with vivid colors and a reflecting pool at its base
creating a captivating nighttime destination
permeable base seamlessly integrates public spaces with an exterior garden
creating a hospitality-inspired lobby for work
mixed-use space that transforms from daytime to nighttime
Expansive glass folding doors and floor-to-ceiling windows foster a strong connection between the outdoor spaces and the surrounding community
Premium building amenities include a fitness and wellness center
bicycle parking and electric vehicle charging stations
The design enhances pedestrian connectivity by locating parking underground
Corporativo Neuchatel is on track to achieve both LEED Core & Shell Gold and WELL Core certifications
Design strategies incorporate LEED’s location and transportation
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Sharjah: To strengthen bilateral economic ties and expand investment opportunities, the Sharjah FDI Office (Invest in Sharjah) and the Consulate General of the UAE in Geneva co-hosted a high-profile business roundtable at The Chedi Al Bait Hotel, Sharjah; bringing together government officials, representatives of Business Councils, as well as investors and industry leaders from Sharjah and Neuchâtel.
Serving as a platform to showcase Sharjah’s strategic position on the global investment map, the roundtable also underscored the UAE’s proactive diplomacy in cultivating strong economic partnerships with Switzerland, reinforcing mutual growth and cooperation especially in manufacturing and technology.
Highlighting the potential for economic collaboration between Sharjah and Neuchâtel, Matthieu Aubert, Director, Neuchâtel Service of the Economy (NECO), Switzerland; and Marwan Alichla, Director of Investment Promotion & Support for Invest in Sharjah; presented the investment opportunities in their respective regions.
Bilateral trade between Sharjah and Switzerland
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Three people were found dead in an apartment in La Chaux-de-Fonds on Friday – but it’s thought the killings were two days earlier.
Police say it was a family, a married couple and their 17-year-old daughter. They say they believe the 38-year-old father first killed his daughter and then his 42-year-old wife and then himself.
Friends and family told the press they’re shocked – they didn’t see any arguments in the family, but the problems may have been financial.
One neighbour says they lived beyond their means. They owned three cars and had a nice house. The father had recently lost his job. The neighbour suggested they move to cut their rent – but he refused.
Volume 2 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2020.00013
Pockmarks are circular depressions on the floor of oceans and lakes and constitute potential hot spots of gas ebullition and/or groundwater discharge
whereas lacustrine pockmarks are virtually unexplored
In Lake Neuchatel (Switzerland) four giant pockmarks of 80 to 150 m in diameter are located along the northern shore and adjacent to the karst system of the Jura Mountains
Two pockmarks have a ~60 m-deep chimney filled with mud; two are funnel-shaped 12 and 29 m deep holes
We present evidence for the presence of groundwater in the pockmark chimneys and active lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) at both pockmark types
electrical conductivity and calcium concentrations of the pore water in the chimneys show values typical for karst water (maximal sampling and profiling depth: 41 m into the pockmark) and contrast strongly with the properties of the lake water
TOC and TIC indicate that the chimney mud is homogenized and composed of liquefied sediments from the entire deglacial to Holocene lacustrine sediment succession
Mini mud volcanoes apparent on the suspension surface imaged with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) localize the groundwater exit points and confirm LGD
LGD is further corroborated by electrical conductivity anomalies detected above the lutoclines and within a funnel-shaped pockmark during the ROV survey
We conclude that the giant pockmarks in Lake Neuchatel represent a type of subaquatic springs that connect the water body of the lake with the karst system
A next essential research step will be to quantify LGD via the pockmarks in order to assess their lake-wide relevance
This study underlines the existing need for research on the connectivity of lakes and oceans with groundwater systems for completing our understanding of the hydrological cycle
The same is supposedly true for lakes but the role of lacustrine pockmarks in this respect is virtually unexplored
In Lake Neuchatel, numerous pockmarks were discovered in 2012 during acquisition of high-resolution swath bathymetric data (Reusch et al., 2015, 2016; Reusch, 2016). Most prominent are four “giant” pockmarks (“giant” at the lacustrine scale) with diameters from 80 to 150 m located along the northern lakeshore (Figures 1, 2; Table 1)
Figure 1. Lake Neuchatel with Swath bathymetry below 17 m water depth (Reusch, 2016), as well as with the locations of the four giant pockmarks along the northern shore (LL, CB, TR, NS) and of springs and wells used as comparison for water parameters. The main geological units, tectonic faults, and some well-known groundwater flow paths and groundwater infiltration points are also shown (Swisstopo, 2014)
Summarizing information and current state of interpretation of activity for the four giant pockmarks in Lake Neuchatel
this data basis provides certainly evidence for a groundwater-filled chimney but not necessarily for active LGD
If the groundwater head does not exceed the hydrostatic pressure of the lake's water column and of the chimney
a scenario is possible where groundwater is stagnant in the chimney and no discharge into the lake occurs
The two funnel-shaped pockmarks La Lance (LL) and Neuchatel-Serrieres (NS) without a mud-filled chimney represent the second type of giant pockmarks (Figures 2C,D; Table 1)
no data except reflection seismic profiles and swath bathymetry has been recorded so far
thus no evidence has been produced in favor or against present fluid-flow activity
The above outline of previous results highlights the existing knowledge gap for understanding the functioning and the importance of the giant pockmarks for the system of Lake Neuchatel
there exists an important research need concerning the connectivity of lakes (and oceans) and groundwater systems for completing our understanding of the hydrological cycle
Lake Neuchatel with detailed bathymetric information and the well-documented karst system in the Jura Mountains represents an ideal model site for exploring the quantitative importance
dynamics and biogeochemistry of lacustrine pockmarks and LGD
The present study has three central objectives:
• Examine which of the four giant pockmarks are currently hydraulically connected to the karst system
• Investigate at which pockmarks LGD is presently active
• Study the chimney sediments for learning about the flow dynamics therein and about the operating mode of the pockmarks
The surface of Lake Neuchatel is located at 429 m asl and has an area of 215 km2; the catchment area covers 2672 km2 with a maximal and an average elevation of 1680 m asl and 780 m asl; and the maximal and average water depth is 153 and 64.2 m (Schwalb et al., 1994). The theoretical residence time of the water is 8.25 years (Schwalb et al., 1994)
representing the higher realm of the catchment area of Lake Neuchatel
average air temperature is 6.3°C and annual precipitation 1304 mm (average 1988–2017)
The ROV was equipped with a 360° sonar (SeaPrince
Tritech) and registered video material in VHS and HD quality
Keller Switzerland) on the ROV that continuously logged (2s interval) the temperature and the electrical conductivity of the water
as well as the pressure that was later transformed into water depth
CTD profiles through the water column and into the pockmark chimneys were realized on Oct 17
using a RBR™ probe equipped with additional weight underneath (15 kg as Pb cubes)
was sampled with a 5 l Niskin bottle (Hydro-Bios
Kiel) that was lowered from the boat on June 15
For this we attached 20 kg of additional weight below the Niskin bottle and used two GoDevil messengers (2 ×870 g; General Oceanics
Miami FL) to activate the closing mechanism of the bottle in the mud
The CTD probe that we used during the ROV survey was attached to the additional weight and lowered each time together with the Niskin bottle
On June 15 we used an electrical winch that precisely indicated the length of the unrolled rope
This allowed a precise tracking of the depth of the sampling device and with that the transformation of the pressure data into density for the pockmark mud
The pockmark mud was collected in 5 l plastic containers on the boat
samples for stable water isotopes (8 ml vials) and major cations and anions (20 ml vials) were taken in the laboratory the next day from the supernatant water
Samples were filtered (0.45 μm pore size) and for cation analysis additionally acidified with two drops of 10% HNO3
dissolved oxygen and pH were measured on the boat with a handheld probe (HQ40D
HACH Switzerland) immediately after the transfer of the mud to the containers
Rhizon samplers (type MOM 10 cm long porous part
pore size 0.58–0.65 μm) (Rhizosphere Research Products
Wageningen The Netherlands) were inserted into the fresh mud to extract pore water for the chemical characterization
About 10 ml of pore water was sucked directly into separate evacuated 120 ml serum flasks containing 0.1–0.2 ml of 10% HNO3 for cations
and 0.25 ml of 20% w/v zinc acetate for dissolved sulfide
Samples for stable water isotope and anion analysis were
taken in the laboratory but this time by centrifuging the mud followed by filtering (0.45 μm)
Carbon analyses were realized with a Flash 2000 CHN-O Analyzer (ThermoFisher Scientific) instrument
Total inorganic carbon (TIC) was calculated as TIC = TC - TOC
Switzerland) 4 to 5 g of homogenized sediment was filled into 10 ml tubes
Conditions were wet during the 14 days preceding the ROV survey
with 85 mm of rain representing 8% of the annual precipitation
Before the sampling campaigns in June and September rain conditions were similar with 41 mm and 37 mm corresponding to 3.6 and 3.9% of the annual precipitation
Before the CTD profiles in October conditions were dry with 6 mm or 0.6% of the annual precipitation
Figure 3. Daily precipitation at the meteorological station Bullet/La Fretaz at 1205 m asl in the Jura Mountains (see Figure 1) during 2017 (Meteoswiss, 2018) and timing of the giant-pockmark field campaigns
Pictures and 360° sonar scan recorded during the ROV survey illustrating the lake-floor morphology outside and inside of the pockmarks
(a) Sediment pillow structures outside of the CB pockmark
Data of the CTD probe that was mounted on the ROV during the survey for the CB
The x-axis corresponds to the cruising time of the ROV
shown are the most interesting 25 min (1500 s); the y-axes show the depth of the ROV in the water and the electrical conductivity of the water
Values abruptly rose from 348 μS/cm to over 380 μS/cm
suggesting that the groundwater flow is directed from NW to SE
Figure 7 shows the CTD profiles recorded at CB
and LL from 100 m depth in the water column down to the maximal penetration depth in the pockmark chimney
Figure 6. CTD profiles at the locations of the CB, TR3, TR2, and LL pockmarks. Horizontal gray dashed lines mark the depth of the suspension surface at CB, TR3, and TR2 in the bathymetric data (see also Table 1)
Even though conditions on the lake were windless
the water depth of 128 and 126 m at the pockmarks may allow the CTD probe drifting away from the position of the boat while being lowered
At the funnel-shaped LL pockmark neither electrical conductivity nor temperature varied while the probe was lowered to 137 m water depth (Figure 6)
Here it has to be considered that (i) we probably did not reach the bottom of the funnel (144 m depth) due to a not totally centered position of the profile above the pockmark
and that (ii) the CTD profile represents only a line measurement
It is therefore possible that we missed the spot(s) where LGD occurs
We thus do not consider the CTD profile as contradicting the positive evidence for LGD found during the ROV survey at LL
ROV surveys are more efficient than boat-based profiling for investigating small and funnel-shaped pockmarks in particular
In June, the water column was sampled at 100, 129, and 133 m water depth, and the mud in the pockmark chimney at a total depth of about 136, 146, 160, and 175 m, i.e., at about 2, 12, 26, and 41 m depth in the chimney (Figure 7A)
the mud in the pockmark at a total depth of about 138
but tension on the rope decreased and we were not able to close the Niskin bottle anymore
This likely indicates that the mud becomes too dense below about 40 m in the chimney for sampling with a Niskin bottle
(A) Conceptual model of the CB pockmark showing the chimney with a depth of ~60 m
the positions of the samples taken in the chimney and the (hypothesized) direct contact between the chimney and the Mesozoic units and thus the karst system
Also shown are estimations for the hydrostatic pressure at the base of the chimney and the hydraulic pressure in the karst system
(B) δ18O composition and Ca2+ concentration in the lake water and in the pore water of the chimney mud; (C) concentrations of Fe2+
(D) Density of the pockmark mud estimated via pressure data and exact depth control from the electrical winch
(E) TOC and TIC content in the particulate fraction of the pockmark mud
(F) Grain-size volume fractions of the pockmark mud
providing the following relationship between δ18O and altitude: −0.31%0/100 m (Equation 1) and −0.18%0/100 m (Equation 2)
This proposes an altitude of infiltration of 1016 and 822 m asl
The relief between the lake surface (429 m asl) and the highest point on the fold of the Jura Mountains adjacent to the lake (1450 m asl) is 1021 m
thus yielding an average elevation of 940 m asl
the estimation of the altitude of infiltration based on equations from the literature is close to the average elevation on the slope from the top of the Jura fold down to the lake
δ2H plot for lake-water and pore-water samples from the CB chimney compared to the LMWL of Bern (GNIP data)
In contrast to the lake-water samples the plot indicates no evaporation for the pockmark samples
what underlines the groundwater character of the pockmark samples
Previous studies identified suspension-filled and funnel-shaped giant pockmarks along the northern shore of Lake Neuchatel adjacent to the karst system, however, proof for active LGD has been missing (Reusch et al., 2015; Loher et al., 2016)
The objectives of this study were therefore to examine if all pockmarks are hydraulically connected to the karst system and if LGD via the pockmarks is currently active
we studied the chimney sediments for learning about the operating mode of the suspension-filled pockmarks
The abrupt change in the hydrophysical and -chemical parameters at the lutocline is intriguing and we interpret this as a clear sign for different water sources for the lake and the CB and TR chimneys (Figures 6, 7)
ion concentrations and stable isotopic composition of the chimney water are in line with values typical for waters from the Jura Mountains karst system
Water temperature in the St-Aubin well and in a karst spring nearby is 11–14°C (Centre d'hydrogéologie, 2000), and in the Bevaix-Treytel well it is 9–14°C (Muralt, 1999). The maximal water temperature in the chimneys of 8–8.5°C lies thus slightly below the cited ranges (Figure 6)
A possible explanation for these lower values is that the karst water is cooling during the rise through the chimney
the development of the temperature pattern might be related to the rising velocity of the water and the diffusive heat exchange with the lake's bottom water
water temperatures in the chimney are clearly warmer as compared to the lake's bottom water
We interpret this as strong evidence for two different water sources
further research is required regarding these processes
The largest uncertainty in this calculation is the density estimation of the pockmark mud
even if we use 1.7 g/cm3 for the pockmark mud in case the density strongly increases below our sampling depths
the hydrostatic pressure (~23.6 bar) would still be smaller than the conservatively estimated hydraulic pressure
This pressure estimation corroborates our other evidences for LGD via the suspension-filled pockmarks CB and TR. Continuing this reasoning, LGD might even be stronger at the funnel-shaped pockmarks LL and NS since the absence of the sediment suspension reduces the hydrostatic pressure that has to be overcome, provided that the hydraulic pressure in the karst system is similar at all pockmark locations. In addition, the prominent fault zone at LL (e.g., Ibele, 2011) might
combined with the absence of a sediment suspension
enable a more important LGD than at CB and TR
Lacustrine and marine pockmarks are potential hot spots of subaquatic groundwater discharge
They are often overlooked and are difficult to investigate due to their hidden nature but possibly represent an important element of the water cycle
LL) of the four giant pockmarks are hydraulically connected to the karst system and that LGD is active
Closer investigations on the fourth giant pockmark (NS) still have to be realized but based on the present results we hypothesize that LGD is also active at NS
The pore water of the mud in the chimneys shows properties characteristic for karst water from the Jura Mountains (parameters: temperature
stable water isotopic composition) clearly contrasting to the lake water
Evidence for groundwater-filled chimneys does not necessarily mean that LGD is happening
when cruising with a ROV just above the lutoclines of the suspension-filled pockmarks (CB
TR) and within the funnel-shaped pockmark (LL) positive anomalies in electrical conductivity typical for karst water were recorded
the suspension surface is characterized by mini mud volcanoes
corroborating an upward flow of water through the lutocline into the lake
The increase with depth of the density of the mud and of the sand fraction in the best-investigated CB chimney (sampled to a depth of 41 m) demonstrates that the sediment would settle according to gravitation but that a flow from below keeps it in suspension
the mineralogical and organic signature of the chimney sediments is very uniform at all sampled depths in the chimney (2–41 m) and is characteristic for the clastic-dominated sediments of the early Holocene and the glacio-lacustrine clays of the deglaciation sequence
This indicates that the entire sediment column has been mobilized and well mixed
the hydraulic pressure in the main aquifer of the Jura Mountains (Malm
Portlandian) exceeds the hydrostatic pressure at the pockmark locations and thus confirms that LGD is hydraulically possible
With this study we took another step forward in understanding the functioning of the giant pockmarks in Lake Neuchatel
our results contribute to the research subject of the connectivity of lakes and oceans with groundwater systems
and thus on the importance of groundwater discharge for their hydrological and also chemical (ions
the next research objective for Lake Neuchatel will be the quantification of LGD via the giant pockmarks
thus the assessment of their lake-wide relevance
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918633, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918634, and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918656
conducted fieldwork and laboratory analyses
data interpretation and manuscript writing
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
This research was financed by the overhead funds of the University of Neuchatel (U.01851
project 12.5) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 175820)
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
Important thanks go to Anna Reusch and Michael Strasser for openly sharing and discussing previous data collected on the Lake Neuchatel pockmarks
We thank Jörg Mathieu and the lake police in Yverdon for the support during the ROV survey
the Service de l'énergie et de l'environnement' of the Canton of Neuchatel as well as Jean-Blaise Perrenoud and Olivier Besson for making the sampling campaigns possible
and Sébastien Levanchy greatly assisted in the field and in the lab
Many thanks go also to François Straub
for analyzing the organic remains in the pockmark mud
and the Geographical Institute of the University of Bern for the use of the Malvern Mastersizer
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2020.00013/full#supplementary-material
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Received: 20 March 2020; Accepted: 26 May 2020; Published: 30 June 2020
Copyright © 2020 Wirth, Bouffard and Zopfi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Stefanie B. Wirth, c3RlZmFuaWUud2lydGhAYWx1bW5pLmV0aHouY2g=
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The villages of Villiers and Dombresson were the worst hit
with some areas under flood water 1 metre deep
Photos of the floods showed cars dragged along roads that had been ripped up by flood water
Roads have been closed and some homes evacuated
Local media reported some injuries to drivers as a result of the flooding
Neuchâtel Police called for witnesses of a road accident that occurred on 22 June but gave no further details
Val-de-Ruz district authorities and Neuchâtel Police said in a statement of 22 June:
the authorities have been mobilized to deal with major damage suffered by the villages of Villiers and Dombresson as a result of the exceptional weather
The situation is now stabilized but the return to normal will take several days
Several families have been relocated due to flooding and power cuts
Roads have been damaged and a road between Le Pâquier and Villiers is likely to be closed for weeks
Water infrastructure has also been damaged
Neuchâtel Police said “As a precautionary measure
water in the communal network for the villages of Villiers and Dombresson must be boiled before being consumed
even if at present no pollution has been detected.”
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Fortunately no injuries or fatalities were reported
MeteoSwiss figures show the village of Cressier recorded 55.5 mm of rain on 22 June
with 34.5 mm falling in the space of 1 hour from 19:00 to 20:00
Heavy rain of around 34 mm had fallen in the village the previous day
The government of Neuchâtel Canton said local rivers overflowed sending torrents of water
debris and sludge into the streets of the Cressier and Frochaux during the evening of 22 June
Emergency services responded to over 100 incidents
Early assessments suggest around 75 buildings were damaged
The A5 motorway was closed to traffic towards Biel and Lausanne
A team made up of 120 personnel from Police
Civil Protection and Roadways departments were working on repairs and clean-up in the area
A Swiss military helicopter was deployed to carry out aerial reconnaissance
Several families need to be relocated after damage to homes
A psychological support unit is on site to attend to affected residents
Drinking water is likely contaminated and a boil water order is in place
Similar damaging floods occurred in the Val-de-Ruz district of Neuchâtel Canton on 21 June, 2019
Heavy thunderstorms late on 23 June affected other areas of the country
Parts of Zurich Airport train station were flooded
interrupting rail services for a short time
In the Canton of Bern police received around 700 calls for assistance
There were around 70 incidents of weather damage in Aargau Canton and 50 incidents in Solothurn Canton
Over the western border with France as many as 80 people were evacuated after a landslide in Bossey in the north of Haute-Savoie Department
Reports speculated the landslide was caused by heavy rainfall
Richard Davies is the founder of floodlist.com and reports on flooding news
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At a time of climate emergency and contraction of available resources
a continuation of urban sprawl is strongly questioned
The architectural project has a central role in the search for alternatives that allow the regeneration of urban territories
the careful densification of buildings in the direct vicinity of public transport
the inclusion of good construction practices within the transition dynamics towards a low-carbon society
a large part of the urbanized areas is on slopes
which generates multiple challenges in terms of building and mobility
The implantation of buildings and the creation of public spaces are confronted with unavoidable questions regarding the relationship to the ground level and measures to minimize soil excavation
it is a matter of rediscovering and revaluing transport techniques developed before the hegemony of the car and
electric transport specifically adapted to the slope
Located in the Monruz sector to the east of the city of Neuchâtel
the site selected for the 2024-2025 edition could undergo major changes in terms of mobility
including a new railway stop and an additional station for the La Coudre – Chaumont funicular
would greatly enhance public transport services
Currently occupied by a scattered residential fabric and by an imposing group of buildings with no interaction with the public space
by contrasting scales and the quality of its visual openings
which encourages architectural reflection on its possible future
this resolutely forward-looking approach envisages a complete urban regeneration of an already artificialized site
The RELIEFS URBAINS Studio will aim to explore – through the architectural project – the multiple issues and potentialities of such a site
Increased attention will be paid to the question of intermediate housing
as much as to the landscaping and networking of public spaces according to the site’s unique characteristics
Synthetic description
Presentation
Emmanuel ReyTeaching assistants : Clément Cattin
architect urban planner,Van de Wetering Office for urbanism
New York Almanack
September 1, 2022 by Jaap Harskamp 1 Comment
The earliest Swiss immigrants to North America were religious refugees
This group consisted predominantly of German speaking Anabaptists who began settling in eastern Pennsylvania from the mid-seventeenth century onward following a schism among the Brethren in 1693 which led to a division between Mennonites (named after Menno Simons of Friesland) and Amish (named after their leader Jakob Ammann who was born in the canton of Bern)
Most subsequent immigrants arrived for economic reasons
the average annual immigration of Swiss was a modest 2,500
That number jumped dramatically when in the decade between 1881 and 1890 nearly 82,000 packed their bags
Swiss immigration tailed off substantially
These Schweizamerikaner form a modest group within the total patchwork of immigrant communities
but their role in the formation of present-day America has been considerable
At a time of socio-political upheaval in Europe, America proved to be a tempting outlet with transatlantic migration facilitated by fast and affordable transport. The United States were opening up. A booming economy was in need of an ever-increasing supply of labor
whilst for settlers there was plenty of cheap (sometimes: free) land to be cultivated
The aim of the newly founded Federal Bureau of Immigration was to weed out and expel undesirable arrivals
Most of them went west to join farming communities where compatriots had settled previously
In some cases they established their own settlements with names that reminded them of home
New Glarus in Wisconsin (named after the Swiss canton of that name)
the Jewish patriarch of the Guggenheim family
settled in America in 1847 to make his fortune in mining and smelting
Others settled in New York bringing valuable skills to the city
Sixteen year old Albert Wittnauer arrived in 1872 and began working for his brother-in-law Eugene Robert
His company created a brand with a reputation for durability and precision
he is credited with developing the first chronometers for aviation in the early 1900s
the number of Swiss immigrants dropped to just over 30,000 and would tail off even more
In spite of the relatively low visibility of its presence in the United States
the impact Switzerland made on the nation’s history has been fundamental
Swiss merchants facilitated the slave trade by which some ten to twelve million Black Africans were transported across the Atlantic Ocean
We tend to associate the history of slavery with European ports that “specialized” in slaving
and Middleburg are cities that spring to mind
The French-speaking city of Neuchâtel is situated on the shoreline of Lake Neuchâtel within the canton of the same name in the mountainous Jura region
In spite of being a landlocked country without colonies of its own
this and other Swiss cities profited from the Atlantic slave trade
A lack of colonial ambitions helped the Swiss gain a working relationship with Europe’s main Empire builders
Swiss mercenaries were taken on by the Dutch and British East India Companies from the beginning of the seventeenth century
when black slaves on the island of Hispaniola revolted against their French colonial masters
Napoleon sent six hundred Swiss troops to fight them
Those amongst the soldiers who were able to access the running or exploitation of the colonial territories reaped huge rewards
they entered the plantation business and grew sugar and cocoa beans
the rise of the Swiss textile industry would not have occurred
Trading companies such as Christoph Burckhardt’s firm in Basel or Louis de Pourtalès in Neuchâtel earned fortunes through the three-way slave trade
These and other firms laid the groundwork for the flourishing trade in commodities
Swiss individuals and companies made money out of slavery as investors and traders
a major figure in the development of modern Switzerland
Not too long ago demonstrators pulled down a statue of General John Sutter [Johann August Sutter] in Sacramento
This Swiss migrant who hailed from the canton of Basel was at one time ranked as a hero of the Wild West until historians revealed that he had dealt in child slavery
And it was not just private companies that invested in transatlantic businesses
the cities of Bern and Zurich were major investors in the South Sea Company which provided slaves to British colonies in southern America
Trading companies boosted the development of the Swiss financial industry
some successful colonial merchants ended up on the management boards of banks and insurance companies
gradually building up an expertise that was used to finance colonial ventures
Swiss banks owned a third of the French Compagnie des Indes that held a monopoly over the West African slave trade
while trading houses financed slave traders
Financial institutions invested in ships that carried Africans to the Americas
Switzerland profited even more from imperialism than the great European powers themselves who were burdened with the costs of defending and maintaining their Empires
Explorer Jean-Pierre Pury was born in 1675 in the Principality of Neuchâtel
a Prussian territory in modern-day Switzerland
He worked as a wine merchant before losing his wealth to a huge blaze in his warehouses
He then served as a Corporal for the Dutch East India Company which made him aware of the potential returns of colonialism
the British Crown granted him permission to found a settlement in the Province of Carolina
he established the Colony of Purrysburg and lived there as a planter on 12,000 acres
he was succeeded by his eldest son Charles de Pury
The latter may have been instrumental in introducing slavery on the plantation
He was killed during a slave revolt in the colony in 1754
David de Pury was another of Jean-Pierre’s sons
he left for Marseille in 1725 to work as a merchant
In 1730 he was hired by the South Sea Company and became involved in the triangular trade by which arms
textiles and wine were shipped from Europe to Africa
enslaved people from Africa to the Americas
and other products from the Americas to Europe
His business success led to him being granted British citizenship
In 1736 he moved to Lisbon where he co-founded a merchant bank trading Brazilian diamonds at London’s financial markets
He was also involved in removing and shipping valuable woods from the rain forest
De Pury bequeathed a substantial part of his fortune to his home city of Neuchâtel
The funds were used to repair monuments and churches
The city’s infrastructure was modernized on the back of slaves
its citizens honored their benefactor with a statue that was unveiled on Place Pury in the heart of the city
De Pury has become a controversial figure and his involvement in the slave trade has been acknowledged by the city’s authorities
history is rarely a straight-forward narrative
Neuchâtel is also associated with early calls for the banning of slavery in the French colonial Empire
published his Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes (Philosophical and political history of the European trade establishments in the two Indies) in which the author predicts the arrival of a black Spartacus to free slaves and destroy the colonial system
The book was a commercial success and went through three editions and many re-publications
It radicalized the discourse against slavery which incurred the wrath of the Parliament of Paris
Intense police censorship and the monopoly of the Community of Booksellers and Printers in the capital led to an exodus of publishers and an explosion of false imprints outside Paris
Radical French thinkers had their work printed in Geneva
The Société Typographique de Neuchâtel (STN) was founded in 1769 and remained active until 1794
The city became the epicenter of the publishing and distribution of illegal
or banned books (at a time of growing readership in Europe)
The authorities allowed the Society to print ‘dangerous’ works such as the Holbach’s Système de la nature
provided that the city’s name did not appear in print and that the works were destined for export
The STN became one of Europe’s largest wholesale booksellers
but also of fashionable authors such as Mercier
The third edition (1778) of Diderot’s Encyclopaedia
the most important work of the Enlightenment
carried the name Neuchâtel inscribed on the title page
it realized the counterfeit of Abbé Raynal’s book which became the bestseller of its time
Previously (1781) Nicolas de Condercet’s Réflexions sur l’esclavage des nègres (Reflexions on Negro Slavery) had been published under the pseudonym M
The Neuchâtel publishing house published and distributed numerous writings by anti-slavery campaigners
including the work of Jean-Pierre Brissot de Warville
The latter had traveled to America in 1788/9 to visit Philadelphia, making plans to settle in Pennsylvania
he was absorbed by the humanitarian ideals as expressed in the Declaration of Independence
Brissot became co-founder and leader of the Société des amis des Noirs (Society of the Friends of Blacks) in Paris
the first French association that demanded an end to slavery
a city that owed much of its prosperity to the Atlantic slave trade and the illegal book production of counterfeit or pirated editions
was also a force that drove the Enlightenment and the emerging abolition movement
one of three Swiss transatlantic trading ships that belonged to Winterthur merchants (Royal Museums Greenwich); La Palais du Peyrou
Neuchâtel (PixHound/Shutterstock); workers remove a statue of John Sutter
a Swiss settler who built the first European settlement on the site of the city of Sacramento
June 2020; Davis de Pury’s statue in Place Pury
July 2020; and Catalogue of books printed by STN in Neuchâtel
I am interested to further discuss some of the issues you rise in this articles with you
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The Neuchâtel government once again has a left-wing majority
member of the Council of States for the Greens
Neither the left nor the conservatives want a second round of voting
center) has also decided not to hold a second round of elections for the State Council
told the Keystone-SDA news agency on Monday
the left had already announced its decision "not to call a second round"
The united left has thus achieved its goal of regaining the majority in the five-member State Council that it lost to the FDP in 2021
The government now consists of two Social Democrats
one representative of the Greens and two Free Democrats
The previous SP members of the State Council
Frédéric Mairy and Florence Nater
were elected in the first round of voting on Sunday
the former members of the government from the Free Alliance
missed out on an absolute majority and finished in third and fifth place respectively
Vara from the Greens finished in fourth place
The three other candidates from the conservative alliance
Thierry Brechbühler (SVP) and Manon Freitag (center)
In the Neuchâtel government elections
the red-green party has come one step closer to its goal of overthrowing the bourgeois majority
The two former SP members of the cantonal council
were re-elected in the first round of voting on Sunday
This is a historic success for the Social Democrats in the canton
Mairy and Nater were the only two to achieve an absolute majority of 21,880 votes
The second round of voting is scheduled for April 13
The incumbent FDP state councillor Laurent Favre followed in third place with 21,327 votes
In fourth place was Céline Vara (20,622 votes)
The former FDP member of the Council of State Crystel Graf came fifth (20,009)
Greens and the Labor Party ran with the aim of regaining the majority in the five-member State Council that was lost to the FDP in 2021
Whether it succeeds in this endeavour is likely to depend in particular on how well it can mobilize its voters for the second round in mid-April following the success of the SP
In order to defend their current dominance in the cantonal government
the conservatives also ran with a joint list of FDP
Thierry Brechbühler (SVP) and Manon Freitag (Center)
Two other candidates from the left-wing alliance
Sarah Blum (Party of Labor) and Christine Ammann Tschopp
The nine candidates from the other parties had no chance
Only candidates who received at least five percent of the vote in the first round of voting can take part in the second round
only the Green Liberal Maxime Rognon can run again with 2376 votes
The party will announce its decision on Monday evening
The deadline for submitting the lists is Tuesday afternoon
the balance of power remained the same as in the last legislative period
The SP increased its share of the vote to 25.1 percent
This increase compensates for the decline of the Greens
The Labor Party remained stable with 7.63% of the vote
they will continue to "tip the scales"
the left-wing Solidarités party fell just short of the parliamentary group threshold
The young midfielder will try his luck back in his home country
Here we are in the middle of February. The Serie A season is halfway through. You’re thinking about Fiorentina’s relegation chances
and we all wonder what exactly is going on
The news here is that 21-year-old midfielder Nicky Beloko has joined Neuchâtel Xamax on loan for the rest of the year
The former Switzerland U20 international has landed in a decent spot
as his new club are second-bottom in the Swiss second tier and have a host of injuries in central midfield
With everything going wrong for Xamax (which was only relegated last year)
manager Andrea Binotto may give Nicky a chance or two
A loan to Gent last year didn’t go well at all; the Belgian outfit sent him back to Florence in January after he failed to register an appearance with the senior side
and he hasn’t even cracked the roster for the Viola this term
as he’s a talented young player who made his first team debut back in 2019
An active midfielder who likes to drive forward with the ball at his feet
he offers dynamism through the middle and a lot more physicality than you’d expect from such a whip-thin player
If he can improve his decision making in the final third
there’s no reason he can’t earn some minutes
Signed from Sion for €180,000 back in 2018
he looks every bit the Pantaleo Corvino player
Xamax have an option to make his move permanent—no word on the fee
but you’d guess it’s probably quite low and involves a cut of any future sales—and
as he’s under contract with Fiorentina until 2023
you really hope that he earns a full transfer
There’s no real path to the first team in Florence for him right now and nobody wants him to molder on the bench until he skulks away on a free
who spent half a year with Xamax on loan back in 2011 (unrelated
Beloko seems like the kind of player who could take a year or two to develop back in Switzerland before kicking off a solid career
we wish him nothing but the best in this new adventure
The canton once mirrored Vaud (its neighbouring canton to the south) in being predominantly planted with Chasselas (regularly dubbed "Fendant" in Switzerland), but red plantings currently dominate. While the Gamay-Reichensteiner crossings of Gamaret and Garanoir are the only other permitted red varieties in Neuchâtel
This is possible due to both the local popularity of "Oeil de Perdrix" (a lightly colored rosé made from Pinot Noir) as well as its versatility in the winery
are regularly found in producers' catalogues
is a further category of the grape made with minimal maceration
Beyond Chasselas, the permitted white varieties in the canton are Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Muller-Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier, and the Chasselas-Chardonnay cross, Doral
Only wines made from Pinot Noir or Chasselas - or sparkling wines - need not mention the variety on the label
the label must carry the constituent list of grapes in order of quantity
Pinot Noir must make up a minimum of 95 percent of a wine where its name is mentioned
All other varietal labels must contain at least 90 percent of the grape variety stated
Neuchatel mirrors the somewhat boundless Swiss convention in that a cadastral name may be appended to the label if 95 percent of the grapes come from within that area
Appellation regulations further stipulate 21 communes
two geographical sub-regions (Entre-deux-Lacs and La Béroche)
and the "geographic sector" of Champréveyres as possible label mentions where at least 85 percent of the wine came from grapes in those zones
All are situated on the northwestern shores of the Lac de Neuchâtel and to the southwestern edge of the Bielersee (Lac de Biel)
where the majority of production is located
Further labelling requirements regulate the use of the word "château"
"sélection de grains nobles" (minimum 270g per liter sugar at harvest)
"vendange tardive" (minimum 260g/L sugar at harvest) and the word "sélection" (minimum 176g/L sugar at harvest)
The title "Non Filtré" (unfiltered) can only be applied to young Chasselas/Fendant in the region with
Neuchâtel wines may also carry a "Grand Cru" designation although, unlike Burgundy
The title is regulated by the cantonal wine trade body
the Interprofession Viti-vinicole Neuchâteloise (or IVN) and
Chasselas or Pinot Noir - the latter as a red wine only
vines have been present in the region since the arrival of the Romans
but formal viticultural history begins in the 10th Century with the founding of the religious order at the Prieuré de Bevaix (itself part of the Benedictine order and medieval viticultural powerhouse of the Abbey of Cluny) on the northwest shores of Lake Neuchâtel
Viticulture in the region ebbed and flowed
likely reaching its apogee in the 17th Century
This rise and fall continued with the region boasting 1,200 hectares (nearly 3,000 acres) under vine in the late 19th Century
dropping to less than half that in the mid Twentieth Century
Neuchâtel currently counts around 600 hectares (1,400 acres) under vine
on limestone soils with a heavy (and unsuprisingly) Jurassic influence - the Jura mountains mark the canton's northwestern border.
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the Swiss city of Neuchâtel is a particular oddity
Neuchâtel is the capital city of the eponymous canton
located in Romandy — the French-speaking region of Switzerland
given the fact that since the early 18th century
The city’s old town still pays tribute to this heritage
It was only in the revolutionary year of 1848 that the city gained its independence from Prussia
the city is known for its university and its football club
which plays in Switzerland’s top league — with moderate success
Otherwise it is little more than a provincial town along the train tracks that connect Geneva with Zurich
READ MORE
for his role in the exploitation of slave labor on his plantations in Surinam
De Peyrou was close to Rousseau and Voltaire
not the confederation that was involved in slavery
Swiss historians embarked on an investigation of Switzerland’s role in the slave trade
weapons and alcohol shipped to West Africa
There the ships took on slaves to be sent across the Atlantic and exchanged for coffee
worth some 700 million Swiss francs in today’s money
which he left in its entirety to his native city
Today, the Swiss role in the slave trade is largely recognized, documented and acknowledged. A foundation, Cooperaxion
maintains an extensive databank that documents the activities of Swiss actors involved in the slave trade between the 17th and 19th centuries
the city’s museum devotes a large section to the city’s role in the promotion and perpetuation of slavery
Private citizens offer walking tours devoted to the memory of the city’s role in the slave trade
insists on the country’s “honorable,” if not heroic
Wiedergutmachung does not necessarily mean only monetary compensation
such as statues of national “heroes” whose deeds proved anything but heroic — from the imperialists in the UK to Confederate generals in the US to petty slavers in Switzerland
Both types of Wiedergutmachung have proven more than difficult
replaced with the neutral “chocolate kiss.”
The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Fair Observer’s editorial policy
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Philip Morris International and BAT have entered into a contract manufacturing agreement for cigarette production in Neuchatel, Switzerland, reports Le Temps
“[L]imited volumes of BAT cigarettes will take place in the PMI factory located in Neuchatel,” BAT wrote in a press note cited by the newspaper
“This is an agreement specific to the Swiss domestic market.”
Only part of the cigarette volumes intended for the Swiss market will be produced in Neuchatel; the rest
will be manufactured in other BAT factories
Six positions will be added at the Boncourt site
bringing the total number of positions at the site to about 20
BAT Switzerland announced this summer that it would maintain its warehouse and shipping department in Boncourt
The company’s head office remains in the canton of Jura
©2025 Nicotine Resource Consortium
By Geoffrey Macnab2023-06-16T14:30:00+01:00
Source: Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival
Die Hard director John McTiernan and leading French actress and writer Josiane Balasko are among those taking part in this year’s Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival (NIFFF)
The full programme for the 22nd edition of the Swiss event
again under the artistic direction of Pierre-Yves Walder
includes 124 films from 5 continents and 44 countries
among them Irish director Ian Hunt-Duffy’s horror thriller Double Blind starring The Walking Dead’s Pollyanna McIntosh
both screening in the festival’s Ultra Section
Too Beautiful For You) is president of the International Jury which will be assessing films in the international competition
This selection includes UK director Christopher Smith’s Consecration starring Danny Huston
and the European premiere of new British mystery horror pic Raging Grace directed by Paris Zarcilla
The festival is holding a separate Asian competition which includes such titles as Cheng Wei-Hao’s Taiwanese supernatural buddy movie Marry My Dead Body and Bollywood werewolf movie
NIFFF will continue to explore genre-bending horror and fantasy in its Third Kind sidebar which includes the international premiere of Guy Édoin’s Frontiers starring Pascale Bussières
Lee Cronin will be presenting Evil Dead Rise
the fifth entry in the blood-spattered franchise originally conceived by Sam Raimi.
There will be special screenings of the work of McTiernan (including Die Hard and Predator) and Katsuhito Ishii
one of the pioneers of US action movies of the 80s and 90s
will be interviewed on stage by journalist Rafael Wolf
exploring female archetypes in genre cinema
This includes 20 films as well as public roundtable discussion featuring
Spanish director Carlota Pereda (who will be presenting her own film Piggy as part of the retrospective)
host of The Final Girlsand whose new book Unlikeable Female Characters looks at the history and evolution of unlikeable female characters in film
Company’s latest foray into genre will open theatrically on October 10
Bookmark this page to keep track of all the latest festival dates
CAD $90,000 in cash and prizes presented at Friday’s ceremony in Toronto
EXCLUSIVE: Film shoots in Dublin and Dundalk this summer
Oscar winner proposing federal tax incentives
‘Ish’ and ‘Learning To Breathe Under Water’ will also feature
Screen International is the essential resource for the international film industry
access to the Screen International archive and supplements including Stars of Tomorrow and World of Locations
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Former Michigan point guard Jaaron Simmons signed a one-year deal with Union Neuchâtel on Monday and will play professionally in the Swiss Basketball League next season
Simmons tested the NBA Draft waters and contemplated going pro last year before becoming the first graduate transfer to play under coach John Beilein at Michigan
He averaged 1.5 points (40.9 percent shooting) and 1.1 assists in 33 games as a reserve this past season for the Wolverines
Simmons averaged 8.8 points (43.9 percent shooting)
4.2 assists and 2.1 rebounds in 131 games.
which plays in the top basketball division in Switzerland
finished with a 13-9 mark in the regular season and reached the semifinals of the SBL playoffs last season
craft and beauty (Credit: Neuchâtel Tourism)It’s a small
hard-working Swiss mountain town – not the rich streets of Geneva – that’s home to the most exquisite and pricey timepieces on the globe
1,000m up in the Jura mountains – one of Switzerland’s most scenic regions – means the air is crisp
the clouds are close and the mountain peaks are closer
including many surprisingly stealthy Art Nouveau apartment block lobbies (none of which look like you can just walk into
but all of which you can) and the tucked-away
abstract chrome monument dedicated to Louis Chevrolet
the motor company-founding race car driver who was born and raised here in the 1870s and ‘80s
was born on one of the streets facing Chevrolet’s monument four months earlier
who was also born and raised in La Chaux-de-Fonds about a decade after Chevrolet and Cendrars
this would be more than enough to build a tidy tourist business on
hard-working town and not much for showing off
that’d I’d never heard of this town before arriving
And I certainly had no idea that it’s where the world's most expensive watches are made
La Chaux-de-Fonds is essentially the watchmaking capital of the world
home to the workshops or corporate headquarters of Rolex and Patek Philippe
two of the first men to make a success of Swiss watchmaking
started their workshops in the middle of the 18th Century in Geneva
is where Swiss watchmaking became the world standard
It was here that Daniel Jeanrichard (1665-1741)
developed a system of apprenticeship and cultivated watchmaking as a local cottage industry
Karl Marx held up the town and its system as an example of efficient industrialisation in his seminal work Das Kapital
this small town was producing five times the number of watches than in all Geneva’s workshops combined
La Chaux-de-Fonds remains the administrative
As we ducked out of one of the Art Nouveau apartment block lobbies
hidden behind thoroughly quotidian-looking front doors
aunt and grandfather all work or worked in the watchmaking business
explained that the buildings were laid out this way in the early 19th Century to maximize the amount of sunlight that could flood into the first-floor workshop windows
I could imagine how the town must have been
with lone craftsmen bent over their workbenches
each making a tiny part that would contribute to the thousands of watches being made
Many of these original workshops have been turned into apartments now
but small open-door shops still populate those same streets
where third- and fourth-generation craftspeople continue to make the mainsprings
bridges and balance cocks that power some of the world's most exquisite and pricey timepieces
Given La Chaux-de-Fonds’s watchmaking history, it’s little surprise that the town is also home to the International Clock-making Museum
One of my favourite exhibits explained how a pocket watch designed between 1796 and 1800 by Breguet told the time with little pins that would jab its owner in the hand
allowing him to check the time without pulling it out of his pocket and potentially revealing his boredom to the person — boss
emperor or spouse — in whose company he found himself
The museum also has the world’s first quartz timepiece: the upright
four-drawer filing cabinet-sized contraption that almost killed La Chaux-de-Fonds
more than 11,000 people — 47% of the workforce — were employed by the town’s watch companies
that number had dropped to just a little more than 7,000
as the industry struggled with the advent of the quartz watch
Watchmakers had laboured for centuries to keep time as precisely as possible
perfecting the basic mechanical system of transferring energy from a coiled spring through an escapement to the balance wheel to create as close to perfectly regular oscillation as possible
with watches that were accurate to within seconds a day
which took advantage of the mineral’s much more stable rate of oscillation
made watches accurate to within seconds a year – at prices in the dozens
rather than the hundreds or thousands of dollars being charged for mechanical Swiss watches in the 1970s
it looked as though Swiss watches were going the way of the buggy whip
decided they could compete on luxury and craftsmanship rather than accuracy
the Swiss industry is more profitable than it’s ever been – but the war hasn’t been won
La Chaux-de-Fonds’ next quartz-sized challenge will be to measure up against the technology behind products like the iWatch
the watches produced by Apple and Google may be even more accurate than quartz
how technology will measure up against craftsmanship this go around only time will tell
Many of the workshops in La Chaux-de-Fonds offer free tours
After learning some history — it was the first company to manufacture all watch parts under one roof
and the first to manufacture in large numbers after Kaiser Wilhelm ordered
2,000 Girard-Perregaux watches for his naval officers in 1880 — my tour guide Willy Schweizer and I walked through the various work rooms
where parts made in La Chaux-de-Fonds’ smaller workshops are assembled by master watchmakers
Another room was devoted entirely to engraving each part
craftspeople from around the world are being drawn to the industry’s explosive growth
with worldwide sales more than doubling from 2000 to 2014
Schweizer told me that each worker at Girard-Perregaux gets their own 6,500 euro watch after working for the company for two years
and the most expensive watch I’d seen was a 450 euro Tissot
with most people wearing less expensive Swiss brands like Certina or Hamilton
After a day or so exploring La Chaux-de-Fonds
They’re not the 0.1% found so often in Geneva’s diplomats
Zurich’s bankers and on the slopes of Gstaad
La Chaux-de-Fonds is a different kind of Switzerland
It’s the type of place that gave birth to the monied juggernaut by working hard and making things
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On 12 June 1962, three men escaped from the notorious Alcatraz prison. While their fate remains unknown, the ingenuity of their escape continues to captivate.
In 1956, Commander "Buster" Crabb disappeared during a visit to the UK by Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev. In 2006, a BBC reporter read the files that detailed his secret mission.
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KARACHI: Philip Morris (Pakistan) Limited (PMPKL) has begun localising the production of ZYN oral nicotine pouches at its Sahiwal facility
marking a significant step in offering combustion-free alternatives to adult smokers
with plans for full-scale local manufacturing in the next phase
This follows the US Food and Drug Administration’ (FDA)s authorisation of ZYN
recognising it as a less harmful alternative to smoking
PMPKL’s Managing Director Ali Takesh reaffirmed the company’s commitment to a smoke-free future
aligning with Philip Morris International’s 2030 vision
Director of Manufacturing at PMPKL Hussain Ali highlighted the economic benefits of localised production
By investing in innovation and local manufacturing
PMPKL aims to accelerate the transition to smoke-free alternatives while contributing to industrial growth
An illustration of logo of Zindagi by JS Bank
Members of the Zarea Board of Directors seen posing for a group photo in this image.— Zarea website/FileKARACHI:..
A Dubai Islamic Bank building seen in this undated photo
— The News/FileKARACHI: Dubai Islamic Bank Pakistan..
The Standard Chartered bank logo is seen at their headquarters in London
A JS Bank branch seen in this undated image.— The News/File KARACHI: JS Bank has announced its financial results..
This representational image shows a laptop screen from glasses
— Unsplash/FileLAHORE: Pakistan’s data centre..
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a doctoral student at Switzerland’s ETH Geological Institute
has made an unexpected discovery in Lake Neuchatel
While out making a routine pass to study the lake’s sediment
the sonar revealed massive underwater craters
who was collecting data to learn more about the history of earthquakes on Switzerland’s western plateau
was understandably surprised by the development
the discovery means re-evaluating her entire doctoral dissertation
“I’ll remember this day for a long time – I never expected anything like this,” said Reusch
“It just goes to show that even in the 21st century
there are still thrilling and exciting discoveries to be made in Switzerland!”
Craters in Lake Neuchatel were found using this sonar device
Reusch and others located four large craters in the lake’s deep waters
with the largest reaching 160 meters in diameter
Scientists nicknamed that one “Crazy Crater,” partly because of its size but also because of its near-perfect circular shape
Though they tried to capture core samples of the craters’ beds
muddy sediment was too fluid for collection
water temperatures and suspended sediments to find that the largest crater
And with a temperature difference of almost 3 degrees Celsius
concluding that the waters were distinct was obvious
these craters are in fact springs,” said Reusch
And she believes that the craters are likely linked to karst systems of the Jura Mountains nearby
Scientists navigated an unmanned submarine to the craters’ locations
Dating the sediment cores helped to reveal that it’s been more than a thousand years since Crazy Crater let loose any new sediment onto its levee
Scientists are unsure what triggers the eruptions and more long-term monitoring is needed to understand them
Sonar data were only collected on the deep parts of Lake Neuchatel
so it is unknown if there are more craters to find
(Credit: Wikipedia User Martouf via Creative Commons 3.0)
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