Image of Lila Lynn Malinowski courtesy of Victoria Steinhausen (WZMQ) – A family in the Hannahville Indian Community is seeking justice for a woman who was killed earlier this year “My sister Lila was a pedestrian in a motor vehicle accident and the driver was intoxicated,” said Hannahville Victim Services Outreach Coordinator Victoria Steinhausen 37-year-old Lila Malinowski was walking along Number 38 road The driver was charged with drunk driving and driving with an open container Tribal Prosecutor Rob LeMire added a reckless driving charge and says the driver received the maximum one-year sentence under Tribal law Steinhausen believes justice has not been served “The driver was sentenced to county jail and she will be released soon,” she said and they partnered with Michigan State Police for a reenactment of the scene.” the FBI informed Lila’s family on April 19 that its investigation had been closed The Hannahville Tribal Police Department has also closed its investigation “The Michigan State Police provided the evidence found during the course of their investigation to the tribal and federal prosecuting attorneys for consideration The details of that end of the investigation were shared with the family of Lila and I have no details to dispute what they have shared.” Lila’s family also consulted the Western Michigan United States Attorney’s Office “A number of federal laws spell out the circumstances in which the United States Attorney’s Office has the authority to prosecute crimes occurring in or affecting our tribal communities after careful evaluation of the circumstances in this case we determined that we did not have authority to prosecute it.” The Attorney’s Office referred to a chart prepared by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Oklahoma, shown partially below and available in full by clicking here they cannot step in because it was a Tribal-on-Tribal crime that happened on Tribal land,” said Steinhausen “Even though the crime did occur on a county road For the bigger crimes that may occur on the reservation Steinhausen says jurisdictional issues and Tribal law restrictions are major factors when it comes to sentencing in cases like Lila’s death and the statute for involuntary manslaughter does not exist,” she said we are limited to a one-year maximum imprisonment sentence.” Prosecutor LeMire echoed those jurisdictional limitations He told WZMQ 19 he received a federal report stating that investigators could not rule out that the accident would not have happened if the driver were sober due to weather conditions “There is never enough justice that any criminal justice process can provide to grieving families when there is the tragic loss of a loved one,” Police Chief Hansen wrote to WZMQ 19 “The Hannahville Police Department grieves with the family of Lila and will be working hard in order to prevent an event like this from occurring again.” Attorney’s Office how they could move the case forward they were advised to advocate for change by writing to Congress although she says the Tribe is taking steps toward justice reform She also noted that it is “very costly” to implement the Tribal Law and Order Act which could increase sentencing guidelines for Tribal communities my sister Lila is not here today to name herself a survivor of crime,” she said “I ask for your help in raising awareness to stop and listen because this really could happen to anybody and advocating for this change makes a safer community for our shared communities.” Click here for information on Hannahville Victim Services © 2025 WZMQ, LLC | FCC Public File | EEO Report Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.676723 The quantitative relationship between angular head movement and semicircular canal function is most often referenced to the well-known torsion-pendulum model that predicts cupular displacement from input head acceleration The foundation of this model can be traced back to Steinhausen's series of papers between 1927 and 1933 whereby he endeavored to document observations of cupular displacements that would directly infer movement of the endolymph resulting from angular rotation He also was the first to establish the direct relationship between cupular displacement and compensatory eye movements are documented in Steinhausen's work it reflects a fascinating journey that has been inaccessible to the non-German speaking community with accompanying introduction and discussion was undertaken to allow a larger component of the vestibular scientific community to gain insight into peripheral labyrinthine mechanics provided by this historical account and are intended to provide practitioners of the field with the entire story of this classic experimental work A summary follows the three translations in which Steinhausen's findings are briefly discussed in the context of contemporary knowledge of models of semicircular canal function Our intention was not to provide a comprehensive review but simply to provide some context regarding the importance of Steinhausen's findings to the conceptual questions of his day and their place in our understanding of semicircular canal function where the ampulla and the barberry spine in the original publication were reciprocally mislabeled was maintained but explicitly noted in the translation a number of theories about the excitation process in the vestibular organ have been put forward A decision about which of these theories is the most correct could not be made until now because the experimental foundations are not yet sufficiently known A contribution to further knowledge of these experimental foundations will be given below a repetition of this observation including simultaneous functional testing has not yet been made The presence of hairs in the cupula terminalis was confirmed by all follow-up studies. Whether the agglutinative substance visible in the fixed preparation is an artificial product or not has become the subject of a lively dispute. Hensen 5 has strongly advocated the opinion that only the hairs exist in life and the agglutinative substance is produced by the fixation This conclusion is based on his observations of young transparent fish (Gobius amongst others) in which only the hairs are visible all investigations have been performed almost exclusively on fixed preparations The resulting disturbance of a concentration equilibrium supposedly is the cause of the excitation our knowledge about the anatomical and physiological properties of the cupula terminalis is not yet sufficient to form a reasonably accurate picture of its effectiveness during stimulation of the labyrinth All problems of the theories about the function of the semicircular canal organ could be resolved if it were possible to directly observe the cupula during labyrinth stimulation Of the various possibilities that would lead to a direct observation of the cupula terminalis I first tried to use the method of vital staining of the cupula In frogs, one ampulla—usually the horizontal—was exposed.12 Then the whole preparation was submerged in a methylene blue-Ringer solution the duration of which was subject to exploration the preparation was returned to a dye-free Ringer solution I have often clearly seen the hairs at their base on the crista with occasional indications of longitudinal stripes inside the ampulla the cupula as a whole was never visible to such an extent that physiological experiments (rotation on the turntable or other means of flow generation in the semicircular canals) could have been performed which finally led to the intended success consisted of cutting a window into the wall of the ampulla thus making the cupula accessible to direct observation usually weighing 0.5–1 kg that arrived alive for the dissection The right side of the skull was ablated and the brain was carefully removed This provides a view from the inside onto the labyrinth with a specific view of the utricle and the anterior vertical ampulla the ampulla as well as the entire labyrinth must not be touched the cupula cannot be made visible by any means I therefore believe that the claims made in the literature that it is possible to see the cupula inside the ampulla does not apply to freshly-produced preparations Only when the cupula turns opaque due to phenomena related to the degeneration process it becomes visible from the outside with suitable illumination (strong transmitted light or lateral slit lamp illumination) The opening of the ampulla requires a particular technique since the tissue of the ampulla is exceptionally flexible I have not been able to easily incise the ampullary wall It is therefore necessary to harden the ampullary wall prior to the dissection which can be easily accomplished without bringing more than the target piece of tissue in contact with the fixative As fixation solution, I used the following mixture reported by Nakamura 17: Müller's solution………243 4% Formalin solution………180 Distilled water………540 with a 250-W high notch lamp replacing their illumination lamp This type of illumination has considerable advantages for the dissection and was also used for the microphotography of the preparations Once the window has been cut into the ampullary wall only lateral slit lamp illumination is possible But even now the cupula is not immediately recognizable The cupula is so transparent that its existence can only be inferred indirectly which accidentally has become trapped by the surface of the cupula in contrast to particles floating around freely in the fluid occupy a relatively fixed position in space and thus render the outline of the cupula clearly visible The fixed position in space is relative in the sense that fluid movements cause considerable movements of the cupula which can be deduced from the motion of the adherent debris the cupula repeatedly returns to a defined resting position which corresponds to the one that is theoretically to be expected from this resting position the cupula can be very easily deflected Particularly extensive movements can be observed by generating a flow within the semicircular canal through compression of the semicircular canal wall or by causing water movements when drops are made to fall onto the free surface of the fluid (cf If the ampullary window is covered with a fragment of a coverslip and the preparation including microscope and illumination equipment then movements of the cupula are observed which as far as can be deduced from subjective observations correspond to those which should be expected according to the old Mach-Breuer theory randomly adhering to the cupula is not sufficiently distinguishable from the background to produce photograms suitable for reproduction even when the lateral slit lamp illumination is optimally adjusted The reproduction of a photogram of the cupula in this state shall therefore be refrained from Better images are obtained by artificially enhancing the contrast which was achieved by applying Chinese ink according to Prof Chinese ink powder was mixed with 1.3x Frog Ringer solution and a trace of this solution was applied to the cupula using a finely pulled pipette Figure 1A (Image number 30) shows a photogram of the cupula obtained according to the described method. Figure 1B (Image number 29) represents the same preparation captured under the same conditions with the only difference that during the capture a fluid movement was generated by dropping isotonic solution onto the exposed surface of the fluid in which the preparation was placed (A) Ampulla of the anterior semicircular canal of the pike with incised window in which the cupula (Cup) can be seen Exposure time 9 min (to obtain the best possible depth effect The equipment used for this purpose can be seen in Figure 2 A microscope slide (T) is placed above the object (O) to prevent image distortion caused by the movement of water on the surface preparation with opened ampulla; T = Slide as protection against image distortion (cf text); M = microscope; Sp = slit lamp; R = reservoir and tube for applying drops onto the water surface From the comparison of the two images, it can be seen that the cupula obviously moves extensively during the water movement. Its contour, which is clearly visible in Figure 1A, forms an arc in Figure 1B the length of which allows determining the extent of the cupula oscillation An image of the cupula movement during rotations on the turntable could not be achieved so far due to technical reasons which must be taken into account in theories about the function of the semicircular canal organ Deeper insight into the trajectory of the movement and the physical properties of the cupula can only be provided by the cinematographic recording of the cupula movement The method described here can also be used to study the currently relevant question 22 on alterations of the cupula caused by the impact of heterotonic solutions and fixatives as shown by several photograms obtained from fixed preparations Figure 3 shows an image of the fixed preparation. The crista and the epithelial layer of the zona lunata (Z), expanding above in a crescent shape, shine through the ampullary wall. There is no indication of the zona lunata and the crista in the unfixed preparation (cf. Figure 1) the window (F) in the ampullary wall is visible the cupula (Cup) residing on the crista can be seen Fixation causes the contour of the cupula to emerge in a clarity never seen in the unfixed preparation shrinkage has also been induced by the fixative Cup = cupula; A = ampulla; F = window; Z = zona lunata; Cr = crista (Image number 10) Figure 4A shows an image of the cupula of a larger pike (about 2.25 kg) The ampulla has been removed and the ampullary wall has been ablated to a large extent such that the cupula becomes visible almost down to its base at the crista Since the cupula was freely accessible from both sides it was possible in this case to capture images using transmitted light Isolated ampulla of the horizontal semicircular canal The ampullary wall is completely ablated except for vestiges of the zona lunata (Z) That the cupula can still be mobile despite fixation is shown in Figure 4B. The setting is exactly the same as in Figure 4A. The only difference is that a flow has been created by applying drops to the surface of the fluid in which the preparation was placed, as described in more detail in the text for Figures 1B, 2 The cupula has become much more rigid due to fixation compared to the freshly-produced state but at least it remains sufficiently mobile such that distinct movements occur in the described experimental setting as well as during rotations on the turntable this mobility also of the fixed cupula is very convenient Finally, Figure 5 depicts a cupula from the posterior vertical ampulla of a pike with a weight of 0.5 kg The preparation shows the effect of fixation and a somewhat rough mechanical treatment it appears in better condition than some of the cupula images obtained by conventional histological methods presented in publications on the histology of the labyrinth The last images (Figure 4A and following) were taken with transmitted light Since even stronger light sources could have been used in this case images could also have been captured at higher magnification and thus the histological details could have been more distinctly highlighted Since we were more concerned with the function than with the histology of the cupula the histological questions were postponed for the time being further efforts are directed mainly toward expanding the method of functional testing of the cupula in order to extend it in such a way that the physical properties of the living cupula (oscillation period A method is provided that allows exposing the cupula within the ampulla of the semicircular canal and studying its physical properties in freshly-produced preparations The method essentially consists of incising a window into the ampulla and observing the cupula through the window under slit lamp illumination When creating a flow in the endolymphatic space (falling drops onto the exposed surface of the fluid within which the preparation is placed A series of photomicrographs of the cupula under various experimental conditions serves to demonstrate the applicability of the method 1. ^A preparation produced according to the method indicated here was demonstrated in the meeting of the medical-biological evening at the University of Frankfurt a 2. ^M 3. ^Lang 4. ^M 5. ^V 6. ^Mach-Breuer 1873/74 7. ^Cf Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie 11 8. ^W 9. ^G 10. ^F 11. ^G 12. ^With sufficient caution this can also be done in the living animal 13. ^I reported on these experiments in a meeting of the med.-biol evening at the University of Frankfurt on February 23 after I had first demonstrated the deflection of the cupula in our institute 14. ^In retrospect an explanation for the rather infrequent success of the staining experiments is tentatively explainable The cupula may be potentially altered postmortem (coagulation?) to become stained by the used Methylene Blue-Ringer solution If the solution exerts its effect on the cupula in a freshly-produced preparation the cupula potentially becomes damaged and destroyed by the solution I come to this conclusion because during the first attempts I was able to stain the cupula 15. ^El 16. ^I am grateful to the authorities of the German Fisheries Association in Berlin and the Munich State Fish Hatcheries for providing me with fish stocks 17. ^Y 18. ^1.3x Frog Ringer solution was isotonic for the pikes that I examined 19. ^The use of the micromanipulator The surgery only takes much longer because of the inconvenient setting 20. ^I would also like to take this opportunity to thank the Leitz company in Wetzlar for providing the lamp 21. ^But we hope to be able to make cinematographic recordings of the cupula movement at a later stage 22. ^Cf Some time ago, I described in this archive 1 a method that allows visualizing the cupula in the semicircular canal ampullae of the labyrinth The method consists essentially in the fact that a window is cut into the exposed membranous ampulla and the cupula is observed through this window (Note by the translators: even though Steinhausen used the word “window,” it is more likely a ruptured or pierced opening) can be deduced from the observation of the finest debris (ink or aluminum particles randomly floating in the preparation fluid which adhere to the surface of the cupula) As far as the physiological behavior of the cupula is concerned the very large mechanical mobility of the cupula could be demonstrated such that the original theory of the cupula function by Mach-Breuer-Brown was considered experimentally proven Wittmaack 2 expressed concerns about my experiments Based on his theory of the turgescence of the cupula Wittmaack believes that by unintentional injuries during my preparation method Its turgescence was thereby decreased to such an amount that like a liquid-filled bladder it had collapsed as a result of the injury and had been transformed into a mass of fibers floating hither and thither The great motility is thus only a consequence of the injury could have changed the structure of the cupula in the sense of softening the tissue Although I do not share the view of Wittmaack it was nonetheless desirable to find a gentler and faster preparation method I aimed at an improvement of the method: the motility of the cupula in my earlier experiments was examined under conditions that were not quite physiological The ampulla had been opened through the window and the flow produced in the surrounding liquid (either by movement of the liquid surface or by rotation) and affecting the cupula were of quite unpredictable magnitude and perhaps much stronger than those that occur in the intact ampulla during adequate rotational and caloric stimulation It was therefore still possible to assume that during the small movements that occur during physiological stimulation in the endolymph the various hypotheses that have replaced the deflection hypothesis may still apply the pressure hypothesis of Wittmaack among others or the hypothesis of the movement of a diffusion gradient after Schmaltz among others It was therefore strongly desired to find a method that allows the cupula to be observed in the intact ampulla during adequate rotational and caloric stimulation and to reveal its mechanical behavior I have found that the cupula is indeed also deflected under physiological stimulus conditions It shows the deflections that are predicted by the movement of the endolymph according to the Mach-Breuer theory The experiments were preferentially carried out on the labyrinth of the pike specifically on a freshly-produced preparation The ampulla of the left anterior semicircular canal was exposed as described in the first publication (Note by the translators: Steinhausen The preparation was then adjusted such that the semicircular canal was oriented vertically and the end of the semicircular canal ampulla (Note by the translators: “end” refers to the region where the ampulla transitions into the semicircular canal) emerged just slightly from the fluid (1.4-fold Ringer) in which the preparation is made Thereafter a hole of about 0.1 mm in diameter was burnt into the wall of the semicircular canal using a pointed thermo cauterizer made of 0.1 mm thick platinum wire Care has to be taken that the semicircular canal does not extend too far out of the fluid otherwise the wall will be slightly scorched by the heat of the thermo cauterizer the only effect at the contact with the thermo-cauterizer is a circular hole of about 0.1 mm in diameter so that the semicircular canal is completely submerged with a diameter of about 0.1 mm at its lower end is placed above the hole such that the end of the funnel reaches into the hole a trace of ink solution (some Chinese ink dissolved in 1.4x Ringer's solution) is added extreme care must be taken to ensure that fluid is not sucked out of the funnel by capillary phenomena fluid (Note by the translators: endolymph from the semicircular canal) will be sucked onto the glass rod This leads to a strong flow within the semicircular canal and the ampulla and the cupula becomes detached Such and similar incidents caused the loss of many preparations The ink solution is strongly cooled prior to the application As a result of the cooling and its higher relative density compared to the endolymphatic fluid it falls as a fine stream into the semicircular canal and the ampulla attaches to the surface of the cupula and stains the cupula Appropriate positioning of the semicircular canal allows the most important parts for observation of the cupula to be stained It is very important to avoid introducing too much ink into the ampulla; even more one must prevent any debris from falling into the ampulla because even the smallest contaminant or the slightest agglomeration of ink particles can prevent movements of the cupula if these obstacles fall between the cupula and the ampullary wall the cupula in a freshly-produced state has a size that causes it to almost touch the roof of the ampulla There is only so little space between the cupula and the ampullary wall that a movement is just possible The smallest particle of debris that gets stuck in this space fixes the cupula at the roof of the ampulla making it consequently impossible to conduct physiological investigations on the movement of the cupula the hole in the ampullary wall is preferentially closed with a small spine I use the most anterior tip of a barberry spine The described preparation method appears to me as the gentlest one possible, because the ampulla itself is not injured at all, rather a small hole is burnt into the end of the semicircular canal ampulla (Note by the translators: “end” refers to the region where the ampulla transitions into the semicircular canal; see location of the barberry spine in Figure 1) One might think that this manipulation could create a strong flow in the endolymph of the semicircular canal The experiment shows that this is not the case Because the warming occurs at the highest place of the semicircular canal and there is thus no reason that a fluid flow is generated The burning of the hole is a matter of moments it suffices to simply touch the wall of the semicircular canal with the thermo cauterizer It is evident that this is considerably time-saving compared with the previous method of cutting a window Stereo image of an ink-stained cupula in the intact semicircular canal ampulla of a freshly-produced pike labyrinth [Note by the translators: the two labels indicated by *(i.e. Ampulla*and Barberry spine*) were erroneously placed in the original paper and should be swapped] closing the hole with the tip of a spine is such a simple and gentle method that any sort of noteworthy deflection of the cupula or even injury cannot occur This only leaves symptoms related to degradation as cause for potential changes of the physical state of the cupula prior to the observation of its physical behavior In order to delay the occurrence of symptoms related to degradation as long as possible we have always kept the preparation in rather chilled preparation fluid (Note by the translators: 1.4x Ringer) The time required for the preparation procedure from sacrificing the animal to studying the cupula movement under the microscope was about 1–11/2 h Explicit symptoms related to degradation under these conditions sometimes only on the next day in such preparations I believe that the studies on the cupula movement can be considered to be made on a freshly-produced cupula After establishing the preparation method as indicated it naturally is our next aim to investigate the cupula movement in living animals and I hope to be able to report on the respective outcome in the near future Figure 1 shows a stereo image of the stained cupula The cupula is stained from both sides for greater clarity Figure 2 shows a cupula at higher magnification Ink-stained freshly-produced cupula in the intact semicircular canal ampulla of the labyrinth of a pike and as we have already concluded from our previous experiments the hitherto existing assumptions—which could only rely on histological images of fixed preparations—about the size of the cupula in the freshly-produced state The cupula is much larger than one has assumed until now it almost touches the roof of the ampulla with its upper end its shape is much more complex than can deduced from the histological images who kindly provided support during the preparation and the acquisition of photographic images of the cupula will report on the shape of the cupula in the freshly-produced state and the influence on the shape by the fixative The produced preparation was placed on a turntable with the semicircular canal positioned horizontally and was observed under the microscope (Busch objective AO and eyepiece 5–15-fold) The microscope was adjusted such that the optical axis passed through the axis of rotation the expected cupula deflections were seen most clearly in order to be able to exclude all objections The cinematic apparatus (Zeiss-Kinamo) was mounted on the turntable and images were taken during the rotation The recorded movie will be presented at the upcoming Physiology conference in Bonn (Pentecost 1931).3 More impressive is the deflection during caloric stimulation The preparation was placed such that the semicircular canal was oriented vertically At the lowest possible point of the semicircular canal an electrically heated platinum loop (0.1 mm wire diameter) was placed If current was passed through the platinum wire and as a result the platinum wire was heated corresponding to the respective endolymph flow became clearly visible under the microscope but on the contrary the deflection usually increased further and only after some time the cupula slowly returned to its initial position The return movement lasted from many seconds to several minutes depending on the magnitude and duration of the applied heat clear evidence for the large displacements of the cupula that can occur during caloric stimulation Ink-stained cupula in the intact semicircular canal ampulla of the labyrinth of a pike (freshly-produced) at rest (the 4 edges of the cupula are particularly clearly stained) Figure 4. Same preparation as in Figure 3 Three different deflection positions are photographically superimposed on a stationary plate (see also text) Cinematographic images were also made of the deflections caused by caloric stimulation, which will also be shown at the Physiology conference in Bonn.4 From the described experiments I believe I should see that the theory of Mach-Breuer-Brown on the function of the cupula has finally been proven experimentally The observed deflections are in perfect agreement with calculations made by Mr Schmaltz and the results about which he recently informed me An improvement of the earlier reported method for visualizing the cupula in the semicircular canal ampullae of the labyrinth is described which allows observations of the cupula in the intact semicircular canal ampulla and to study its behavior during physiological rotatory and caloric stimulation This allowed producing a decision between the different theories on the function of the cupula I am very grateful for the loan of a micromanipulator a preparation microscope and a stereo camera by the Notgemeinschaft Deutscher Wissenschaften and for the donation of a ball-bearing turntable by the Vereinigte Kugellagerwerke Fichtel & Sachs 1. ^W 2. ^K Über den Tonus der Sinnesendzellen des Innenohres 3. ^Note edit in proof: has happened in the meantime 4. ^Note edit in proof: has happened in the meantime After the method for dissection and visualization of the cupula had been established in freshly-produced preparations,1 it could, at least in principle, not be difficult to prepare the cupula also in the living animal. In the following, the method for preparing the cupula in the living animal 2 and the results obtained with it shall be described which can be established based on the observations All observations are made on the cupula of the left horizontal semicircular canal ampulla in the living pike and the theory also applies only to the processes in this semicircular canal It is very probable that for the other semicircular canals certain differences in these processes with respect to those in the horizontal semicircular canal will be found The bars are interconnected with wire mesh which is covered with felt and cotton wool This causes the fish body to be tightly wrapped by the padding except for the head and anus region The opening on the top is secured by wide rubber bands such that the animal is unable to make any movements while on the other hand the bondage does not cause a compression: the head is clamped to a bite board and the skull is fixed laterally by 2 additional clamps Bite board and clamps are firmly connected to the base rail of the fish cradle This ensures a complete mechanical immobilization of the skull without much struggling of the animal by the fixation The cradle with the animal is placed in a container with isotonic Ringer's solution (1.4-fold Frog Ringer) The animal breathes itself and remains completely calm I lately came to prefer the latter method because it produces smooth cut surfaces and facilitates the insertion of cannulas (see below) When cutting through the semicircular canal I put a very small piece of rubber underneath of course a strong ampullary stimulation occurs the semicircular canal side of the cupula is made visible just as in the staining performed in the freshly-produced specimen; either as a sharp black line or more or less diffusely stained area Until the beginning of the staining procedure very small optical magnifications are sufficient the distance between object and lens is very large and illumination can be provided from above by strong microscopy lamps the illumination is insufficient and adequate illumination becomes a difficult task if the newly developed top-light illumination methods (Ultropak-Leitz etc.) could be applied to the observation of the cupula This is due to the fact that all of these illumination methods are designed exclusively for surface observations the cupula is located deep inside the tissue The opening of the funnel cannot be sufficiently enlarged such that the wide lens sockets of the illumination devices in question can be positioned sufficiently close Until the size of the sockets of the top-light illumination devices can be made smaller any application in physiology remains limited One might think of generating a picture of the cupula through a suitable photographic lens, which is then observed microscopically.6 My own experiments have shown that this method likely allows a better observation which is why this method should be tested further This is due to the thick layer of tissue between the horizontal ampulla and the pharynx which cannot be removed without damaging the labyrinth or harming the animal Since this layer of tissue absorbs a very large amount of light the brightness is insufficient for photographic image acquisition a simpler and better approach is the use of multiple observers; one observer for the behavior of the cupula and the other for e.g. It would have been most desirable to apply the same stimulation methods also in the living animal as used to observe the cupula movement in the freshly-produced specimen.9 So the most obvious procedure would have been to put the animal on a turntable and to observe how the cupula behaves and how the animal reacts a simple consideration shows that this would not have been the most straightforward approach to obtain information about the more detailed mechanism of the semicircular canal excitation the technical task of rotating the living animal together with the surrounding water tank and the rest of the device while simultaneously observing eye and cupula movement in detail would have been rather difficult to achieve given our limited resources But even if we had succeeded in solving this task the result would not have been unequivocal rotation would not only cause the expected deflection of the cupula of the observed ampulla (in our case the left horizontal ampulla) but also rotational effects in other parts of the same labyrinth in particular of the cupula in the horizontal ampulla of the other Eye movements observed during rotation (so far we restricted our observations to eye movements) could therefore not be simply assigned to the movement of the cupula in the observed ampulla It would thus well be possible that the observed eye movements would have been caused by rotational effects at the other The goal is now to investigate how cupula movements are linked with eye movements it is sufficient to cause a cupula movement by the simplest means and to observe the corresponding eye movements Isolated stimulation of individual ampullae (of course without observation of the cupula) have been carried out quite frequently (Flourens, Breuer, Ewald and many others.11) A particularly elegant method of isolated stimulation of semicircular canals in the pigeon was applied by Ewald 12 in his famous experiments using the pneumatic hammer Further implications of his experiments that endolymph movement in one direction causes excitation and inhibition in the other are “open to criticism.” Many contradictions contained in the literature on semicircular canal excitation can be resolved by observations of the cupula during isolated semicircular excitation the uncertainty in the interpretation of the hitherto existing experimental results To determine the dependency of eye movements on the movement of the cupula the left horizontal ampulla is mechanically stimulated in isolation while the movement of the cupula and the eyes are observed If the cannula is positioned in the ampullary part of the semicircular canal, generation of pressure in the tube system should cause an endolymph movement in the semicircular canal directed toward the ampulla (i.e., ampullopetal flow.21) Observation of the cupula reveals a deflection in the direction of the utricle It is possible now to adjust the magnitude and timing of pressure application such that a clearly visible but small deflection of the cupula becomes visible rapidly fading deflection of the cupula causes a horizontal deviation of both eyes to the right The eyes remain in the new position and only return to their normal position after a while If the deflection of the cupula is maintained for a longer period of time (continuous pressure exerted onto the tube connected to the semicircular canal cannula) the deviation changes into a horizontal nystagmus of both eyes with the fast component directed to the left toward the semicircular canal (ampullofugal flow) The eyes remain in their normal resting position A dependency of semicircular canal excitation on the flow direction of the endolymph has already been found by Ewald 22 in his experiments with the pneumatic hammer in pigeons Ewald discovered that an ampullopetal endolymph flow caused a strong excitation and an ampullofugal endolymph flow caused a weak excitation He did of course not investigate the behavior of the cupula These observations indicate that in fact cupula movements cause the excitation of semicircular canals during endolymph flow rather than other changes of the state of the cupula (direct pressure effects remains immobile during electrical stimulation the electrical stimulation of the semicircular canal system must result from a direct stimulation of the sensory epithelium or of the ampullary nerve itself The following will therefore only discuss the processes during rotational stimulation It has been shown that a movement of the cupula of the left horizontal ampulla toward the utricle causes a deviation of both eyes to the right or during a prolonged deflection of the cupula This result complies with the prediction of the Mach-Breuer-Brown theory of semicircular canal excitation Figure 1 schematically illustrates the relationship between the cupula of the left horizontal semicircular canal (l.h.s.c.) and eye movements Head of a pike viewed from dorsal with delineated left horizontal semicircular canal and utricle (schematic) To avoid a shift of the point of fixation on the retina the eyes will perform a rightward counter-rotation Ampullopetal endolymph flow in the left horizontal semicircular canal and consequent deflection of the left horizontal cupula toward the utricle must therefore be associated with a rightward deviation of the eyes Since an artificial deflection of the cupula toward the utricle causes a rightward eye deviation it follows that the cupula deflection during rotation represents the actual stimulus that triggers the eye deviation it can be demonstrated that during a prolonged leftward rotation a long-lasting deflection of the left horizontal cupula toward the utricle must occur a nystagmus to the left can be observed in the intact animal Since prolonged artificial deflection of the cupula of the left horizontal ampulla provokes a nystagmus to the left it can be concluded that the nystagmus to the left during prolonged rotation derives from a deflection of the cupula of the left horizontal ampulla during the ampullopetal endolymph flow toward the utricle the same line of arguments allows concluding that the after-nystagmus to the left is triggered by a continuing endolymph motion as must be deduced from the theory by Mach-Breuer-Brown and my own experimentally verified deflection of the cupula of the left horizontal ampulla toward the utricle (see also below) There thus is a clear dependency of the labyrinthine symptoms (eye movements) on the deflections of the cupula. The reported observations are thus definitive proof for the validity of the Mach-Breuer-Brown theory. In addition, the results of the experimental study allow formulating a theory of the cupula deflection, which will be described following the theoretical work of Gaede, Rohrer, and Schmaltz 26 below Figure 2 shows schematic drawings of the semicircular canal, ampulla and cupula. B is the semicircular canal, E, the endolymph within the semicircular canal, A, the ampulla, and C, the mobile cupula, with the crista (Cr) as pivotal point. Because of the endolymph-tight closure, any endolymph movement must induce a cupula movement and vice versa. The endolymph is thus mechanically tightly coupled to the cupula 27 This tight coupling can be accurately demonstrated in experiments If the semicircular canal cannula (see above) is tightly inserted into the semicircular canal the cupula will remain in any possible position produced by the tubular system connected to the cannula Only when the endolymph is given an evasion alternative e.g. by inserting the cannula only loosely into the semicircular canal returns to the average resting position by shifting the endolymph Semicircular canal with ampulla and cupula (schematic) the system has a null position from which it can deviate by rotation in the plane of the semicircular canal The mechanical force of the cupula causes a return to its null position This theory thus leads to harmonic equations The exact equation can be written as follows: x is the motion coordinate of the cupula (or rather of the endolymph) ξ the motion coordinate of the wall mass of the endolymph including the relatively small mass of the cupula the constant of the mechano-elastic force that causes the cupula to return to the null position this is neglecting the influence of the mechano-elastic force of the cupula on the movement Equation (2) is the equation of pure endolymph movement, assumed by Gaede 28 and which was at length discussed with respect to rotatory and caloric stimulation by Schmaltz.29 The equation for the cupula movement Equation (1) can be written as follows: This is the equation of a forced, damped oscillation in which the term a2ξ+kdξdt can be interpreted as a disturbance function. In order to be able to solve the equation, first of all the disturbance function must be known. The simplest usable case for our purpose is obtained by setting dξdt = constant = w.30 In this case ξ = ∫ wdt = wt This indicates that during the period in question the rotation velocity of the wall is constant for the semicircular canal wall a sudden transition from rest into a movement with constant speed an assumption that can be practically met with sufficient approximation The equation for the cupula movement Equation (3) for this case is: According to the experimental findings, k is very large and a2 is small. The general solution 31 of Equation (4) therefore is: x0 is the cupula coordinate at the time t = 0 u0 the velocity of the cupula at time t = 0 β1 and β2 have the following values: the motion constant of the semicircular canal wall) = wt (see above) it follows for the relative motion of the cupula (z) with respect to the wall z = x - ξ: It is only necessary to insert into this equation the values β1 β2 and w and for the initial conditions x0 and u0 in order to obtain z the cupula deflection as a function of the time t Cupula movement during long rotation periods Abscissa: time (scale marks 30 = 40 seconds); ordinate the abscissa represents time from 0 to 30 (corresponding to 40 s) the ordinate indicates the cupula deflections The assumption is made that the semicircular canal at time t = 0 is put into a uniform rotation at the speed u0 The solid curve indicates the cupula movement the cupula very quickly reaches maximum deflection which in the indicated case assumes a value of 0.85 and then returns very slowly to the resting position this resting position is essentially reached (theoretically the cupula returns to its resting position only after an infinite amount of time) The solid line indicates the movement of the cupula when stopping This causes a rapid deflection of the cupula to the other side with the same magnitude as during the rotation onset followed by a slow return motion to the resting position resulting in the same curve as following the onset of the rotation Long rotations cause in fact a long-lasting cupula deflection which is followed by a similar deflection to the other side when the rotation is stopped Long-lasting cupula deflections are associated with a nystagmus By additionally considering the events in the corresponding semicircular canal on the other side the curves demonstrate that a rotational nystagmus during turning is followed after stopping by an oppositely-directed nystagmus The curves also explain the long duration of the rotational nystagmus as well as that of the after-nystagmus The plot also contains the curve representing the endolymph movement (dotted line) as can be deducted from Gaede's theory that the mechanical force of the cupula is zero (see above) both at the time of rotation onset and at stopping and thus by itself cannot explain the long duration of the after-effect the long duration of the nystagmus and the after-nystagmus becomes explainable Figure 3 also shows the cupula movement under the conditions that the stopping occurs before the cupula has reached null position the curve τ = 6 indicates that at time 6 the rotation is interrupted and corresponding curves after stops at shorter periods are indicated Figure 4. Cupula movement during short rotation periods. Descriptions as in Figure 3 The theory described here only explains the processes in the semicircular canals of the pike It is well possible that in other animals including humans adaptations might exist and influence the processes such as for example different constants compared to those obtained by the experimental observations on the pike labyrinth also allows visualizing the cupula in the living pike by ink staining and to determine its mechanical behavior Electrical stimulation does not elicit cupula movements although the typical labyrinthine symptoms are present of which only eye movements were observed in the present study Brüning's theory of the cataphoretic deflection of the cupula by electric current does not meet the facts The electric current is effective only in utricle-semicircular canal direction an inverse direction fails to yield an excitation (Note by the translators: the asymmetric effect of current stimulation is likely related to the placement of one electrode close to the cupula and the other at a distance; reversal of the polarity would thus yield only a single effective configuration) Isolated mechanical stimulation of the left horizontal ampulla in the living pike while observing the cupula was made as follows: a cannula connected to a tubing system was inserted into the semicircular canal Application of pressure to the tube caused a displacement of the endolymph in the semicircular canal (a) The cupula is tightly coupled to the endolymph Deflections of the cupula can only be reversed if the endolymph moves (b) Deflection of the cupula toward the utricle causes a movement of both eyes to the right if the cupula deviation is brief Deflection of the cupula toward the semicircular canal fails to yield an excitation a theory of the cupula movement is established Rohrer and Schmaltz on the theory of endolymph movement Wünn for their help with the preparations I also thank the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft for providing a micromanipulator and a dissecting microscope In his quest to resolve questions regarding how the semicircular canal cristae transform head motion into neuronal signals and eventually into motor commands for eye movements Steinhausen provided several key features of the mechanism: (1) he demonstrated that rotational head movements result in relative endolymph flow and a force exerted upon the semicircular canal cupula producing its displacement; (2) he demonstrated a tight coupling of the cupula with the endolymph; via a cannula in the left horizontal semicircular canal) small cupula deflections in the ampullopetal direction (toward the utricle) caused compensatory movements of both eyes; oppositely directed (i.e. ampullofugal) unilateral cupula displacements did not produce detectable eye movements This discrepancy may be explained by cupulae that became detached from the ampullary walls during Steinhausen's manipulations (e.g. creating the window to observe cupular motion or during creation of the fenestra through which ink particles were introduced into the endolymph) The irony in Steinhausen's interpretations rests in the strong likelihood that the observations were derived from the non-physiologic condition represented by detached cupulae it appears highly likely that his interpretations were based upon observations of detached cupulae independent of whether they were made under in vivo or in vitro conditions Steinhausen would likely have conceded that sensory transduction was founded in other mechanisms under consideration at that time while Steinhausen's view of cupular movement was overzealous the logic of the generative biomechanical model laid the foundation for decades of vestibular physiology research HS translated the original German text to English and editing of the Introduction and Discussion LFH contributed to the writing of the Introduction and Discussion and edited the translations All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version This work was supported by the German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft The funder had no input to the content or decision to submit for publication The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest Permissions for each of the original publications are provided below Translated by permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH: Springer Nature Pflüger's Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere Über Sichtbarmachung und Funktionsprüfung der Cupula terminalis in den Bogengangsanipullen des Labyrinthes Über den Nachweis der Bewegung der Cupula in der intakten Bogengangsampulle des Labyrinthes bei der natürlichen rotatorischen und calorischen Reizung Über die Beobachtung der Cupula in den Bogengangsampullen des Labyrinths des lebenden Hechts 1. ^Steinhausen 2. ^In Arch 147 (1932) I have reported the successful visualization of the cupula in the living animal already in February 1932 If the detailed publication only takes place now then external reasons (illness and other adversities that kept me from working) were decisive for the delay 3. ^Tschermak 4. ^See W 5. ^Occasionally the staining has to be carried out several times because as a result of the reverse cupula movement (see later) causing pulsations that are in synchrony with the respiratory rhythm 6. ^Herr Prof Seeliger indicated that for the microscopic observation of filaments 7. ^See W 8. ^Arch 9. ^Steinhausen: See literature in footnote 1 10. ^Steinhausen 11. ^With respect to literature 12. ^Ewald R.: Physiologische Untersuchungen über das Endorgan des Nervus octavus 13. ^Bethe 14. ^Lee 15. ^Kubo 16. ^Maxwell 17. ^Maxwell: ibid 18. ^It does not matter whether the cannula is inserted into the duct or the ampullar part of the transected semicircular canal It only matters that the cupula is moved in the same direction to achieve the same effect in the other case a pressure effect would be the cause for the same movement 19. ^Breuer 20. ^Bethe 21. ^Ampullopetal semicircular canal flow generally indicates a flow from the semicircular canal toward the ampulla into the utricle the reverse flow is denoted as ampullofugal semicircular canal flow 22. ^Ewald 23. ^Brünings: Verh 24. ^See A 25. ^The deviation during normal rotatory stimulation was observed by Steinhausen [see Plügers Arch 322 (1931)] for the first time in freshly prepared preparations 26. ^Gaede: Arch 27. ^See also Steinhausen: Arch 28. ^Gaede 29. ^Schmaltz 30. ^Schmaltz discusses for the pure endolymph equation [Equation (2) above] (i.e. without consideration of the cupula effect) the case d2ξdt2 = const whereby a homogeneously accelerated motion is thus assumed for the motion of the wall (Schmaltz: 1.c. For constant acceleration (g = const.) the equation is as following: md2xdt2 + kdxdt = -a2x + a22 γt2 + kγt without consideration of the cupula) the motion equation of the endolymph results in the equation of Schmaltz (Schmaltz: I.c. 31. ^See text books on theoretic physics 32. ^Masuda: Pflügers Arch Historical aspects of inner ear anatomy and biology that undelie the design of hearing and balance prosthetic devices Antonio Scarpa and the discovery of the membranous inner ear Über die function der bogengänge des ohrlabyrinths Google Scholar nebst Erörterung der Bedeutung der semicirculären Canäle für das Körpergleichgewicht CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ueber die Function der Bogengänge des Ohrlabyrinths CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The sense of rotation and the anatomy and physiology of the semicircular canals of the internal ear PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar Physiologische Untersuchungen üBer das Endorgan des N Google Scholar Ueber die physiologische Bedeutung der Bogengänge des Ohrlabyrinths CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Google Scholar acusticus ausgelösten Augenbewegungen CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ablation experiments on the labyrinth of the frog CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Some features of the action of the utricular maculæ (and of the associated action of the semicircular canals) of the frog CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Some results of section of particular nerve branches to the ampullae of the four vertical semicircular canals of the frog CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The electrical response of the vestibular nerve during adequate stimulation PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Electrical studies on the frog's labyrinth CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ernst Mach on the vestibular organ 100 years ago PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The pioneering work of Josef Breuer on the vestibular system PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Pflüger's Archiv Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Über den Nachweis der Bewegung der Cupula in der intakten Bogengangsampulle des Labyrinthes CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Über den Tonus der Sinnesendstellen des Innenohres CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The dynamic characteristics of the semicircular canals PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals of the squirrel monkey Variations among units in their discharge properties The mechanical analysis of the responses from the end-organs of the horizontal semicircular canal in the isolated elasmobranch labyrinth Functional and anatomical correlation of afferent responses from the isolated semicircular canal Models of vestibular semicircular canal afferent neuron firing activity PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Displacement of the semicircular canal cupula during sinusoidal rotation PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Dynamic displacement of normal and detached semicircular canal cupula The physiological range of pressure difference and cupula deflections in the human semicircular canal Relationship between inner-ear fluid pressure and semicircular canal afferent nerve discharge How endolymph pressure modulates semicircular canal primary afferent discharge Paulin MG and Hoffman LF (2021) Translations of Steinhausen's Publications Provide Insight Into Their Contributions to Peripheral Vestibular Neuroscience Received: 05 March 2021; Accepted: 08 April 2021; Published: 04 June 2021 Copyright © 2021 Straka, Paulin and Hoffman. 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consultation phase "It is important for us to emphasize that as a global company we are striving for operational efficiency especially in light of the challenges posed by the strong Swiss franc," the spokesperson said Some churches in the Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha used time before and during Mass on Sunday to react to the revelation of 38 clergy members being accused of sexual misdeeds with minors Only a few of the accused have faced criminal charges or civil lawsuits Dave Reeson told church members that the Steinhausen Center will be renamed because the Rev Steinhausen died in 1993 at age 70 after 21½ years at the helm of St The archdiocese received a substantiated allegation against Steinhausen in 2008 He said the archdiocese considers an allegation substantiated when it is supported by sufficient evidence or information leading archdiocesan officials to believe that the claim is true A second allegation was made against Steinhausen but the information was received third-hand and couldn’t be substantiated The archdiocese has been discreet in revealing details of allegations to prevent further traumatizing the alleged victims law enforcement has provided that information a video of Archbishop George Lucas discussing the report was shown before Mass Elizabeth Ann Seton in Omaha were asked to pray for the victims of abuse The archdiocese’s announcement did not include details on the cases from a deacon once laying hands on a teenager with whom he was praying to allegations of sexual abuse of multiple youths over several years World-Herald staff writer Susan Szalewski contributed to this report kevin.cole@owh.com Subscribe to our Daily Headlines newsletter Email notifications are only sent once a day and know that it will cause a great deal of pain,” said Archbishop George Lucas Creighton Prep officials said Friday that they immediately removed a Jesuit priest from his duties at the school after… One doesn’t have to be Roman Catholic or even Christian to recognize 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already exist Invalid password or account does not exist Submitting this form below will send a message to your email with a link to change your password An email message containing instructions on how to reset your password has been sent to the email address listed on your account ESCANABA — A 21-year-old Escanaba man was sentenced to 12 months in jail Friday for his role in an armed robbery at an Escanaba hotel last summer The judgment was handed down in Delta County Circuit Court with Judge John Economopoulos presiding Devin Joseph Wallendal is the first of four co-defendants to be convicted in connection with the armed robbery at the Quality Inn and Suites in Escanaba on Aug 15 when two masked males allegedly stole an undetermined amount of cash The other three suspects are Jordan Randall Steinhausen Steinhausen allegedly provided transportation to Snow and Jones who are accused of stealing money from a female employee at the Quality Inn who was put in fear of a dangerous weapon — a knife or a club Wallendal pleaded guilty as charged to being an accessory to a felony after the fact in connection with helping to plan the Escanaba robbery and hide evidence after the crime was committed “I made a mistake with the wrong people,” Wallendal told the court prior to being sentenced Friday Wallendal was ordered to pay $1,148 in fines and costs He was given credit for 54 days served in the Delta County Jail He was also ordered to have no contact with the three co-defendants Snow and Steinhausen are each charged with one count of armed robbery and one count of conspiracy to commit armed robbery Steinhausen is scheduled to make a plea in Delta County Circuit Court on Wednesday while Snow is scheduled for a pretrial conference in circuit court on Feb Jones is charged with one count of aiding and abetting an armed robbery and one count of conspiracy to commit armed robbery Jones’ case is pending in Delta County District Court where he is scheduled for a preliminary examination on April 6 Following presentation of evidence including witness testimony the court will decide whether or not a crime was committed by Jones the case will be bound over to the higher court where he may make a plea or schedule a trial Snow and Jones remain at $750,000 each in Delta County though none of them are lodged at the local jail because of their arrests in connection with two armed robberies in Chocolay Township in Marquette County the day after the Escanaba robbery Steinhausen is in prison after pleading guilty to larceny from a person in Marquette County Circuit Court He was sentenced last month to three years to up to 10 years in prison and is currently lodged at the Charles Egeler Reception and Guidance Center in downstate Jackson Snow and Jones are each charged with one count of conspiracy to commit armed robbery and four counts of armed robbery They remain lodged in the Marquette County Jail each in lieu of a $1 million bond Snow is scheduled for a pretrial conference in Marquette County Circuit Court on Feb 24 when he may set a date for a plea or a trial Jones’ case is pending in Marquette County Circuit Court due to a competency examination According to the Marquette County Sheriff’s Department two males dressed in black clothing and masks entered America’s Best Value Inn in Harvey and demanded money at knifepoint from the desk clerk Deputies said the clerk was a licensed concealed pistol permit holder who pointed his pistol at the two robbers and refused to hand over any money The suspects then fled on foot to a waiting vehicle a 9-1-1 call from Kassel’s Korner reported two customers were robbed by two males yielding a knife and a baseball bat The robbers matched the suspects’ descriptions from the incident at the hotel in Harvey police pulled over a suspect vehicle on U.S ESCANABA — Escanaba will soon have a new activity for families as work begins to replace the former Webster .. ESCANABA — Spring is a busy time for area firefighters as the risk of wildfires increases dramatically ESCANABA — At least three vessels from two cruise lines will be making regular appearances as they dock in .. ESCANABA — A new music festival and celebration the area’s logging history is coming to Escanaba June 28 Copyright © 2025 Ogden News Publishing of Michigan | https://www.dailypress.net | 600 Ludington St. .st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a}By Alex Napoliello and Luke Nozicka | NJ Advance Media for NJ.comUPDATE: Man assaults woman, her mother before being shot to death BRICK TOWNSHIP -- A man with a handgun was fatally shot by township police early Sunday morning following a domestic dispute that left two women hospitalized to a home on Meridian Drive after receiving a call from a neighbor about a domestic dispute a spokesman for the Ocean County Prosecutor's Office A preliminary investigation found there was a domestic dispute at the home that resulted in the assault of two women They were taken to an area hospital for their injuries Detectives will interview the women and officers involved in the shooting He did not know how many officers were involved said she called police because she was awoken by the gunfire they squatted behind vehicles in the street and shouted for the man to drop his weapon "Put the gun down," another neighbor Neighbors said the people involved have lived on the street for about three years and kept to themselves said there is rarely violence in the neighborhood Her father initially thought the gunshots were firecrackers More gunfire was heard once police arrived on scene and "then it was over," Steinhausen said About 20 gunshots were fired during the incident No additional information was immediately available Alex Napoliello may be reached at anapoliello@njadvancemedia.com. 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All rights reserved (About Us) The material on this site may not be reproduced except with the prior written permission of Advance Local Community Rules apply to all content you upload or otherwise submit to this site YouTube's privacy policy is available here and YouTube's terms of service is available here Ad Choices \n m_gallery = \"man_killed_in_officer-involved_shooting\";\n m_gallery_id = \"23267385\";\n m_gallery_title = \"Man killed in officer-involved shooting\";\n m_gallery_blog_id = \"8001122\";\n m_gallery_creation_date = \"Sunday 4:58 PM\";\n m_gallery_permalink = \"http://photos.nj.com/8001122/gallery/man_killed_in_officer-involved_shooting/index.html\";\n m_gallery_json = \"https://blog.nj.com/photogallery/8001122/23267385.json\";\n m_gallery_pagetype = \"embed\";\n m_gallery_type = \"photo\";\n <\/script>\n Gallery: Man killed in officer-involved shooting Ballasalla resident Harry Payne with Mark Wilkes and the Adolf-RS Yamaha outfit at Oschersleben recently Locally-based driver Harry Payne has gained another wildcard entry for the final round of the FIM Sidecar World Championship at Estoril this weekend. Sponsored by KelProperties, he and passenger Mark Wilkes will be riding for the Steinhausen Racing team in the final two races of the 2021 series. The recently-crowned British F2 Cup champions will start the final two races of the campaign on a 2021 Adolf-RS Yamaha outfit. ’We can’t thank the team enough for this opportunity,’ said Harry, before setting off for Portugul. ’The bike is immaculate, and I really want to do them proud. We have been putting the plans in place to make sure we can be competitive there.’ An agreement was made earlier this month for Payne and Wilkes to ride for the team, headed by two-time world champion Rolf Steinhausen - a very highly-respected former sidecar racer. After talks with the three-time TT winner, and a 10-lap shake down test at the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben circuit in Germany, Rolf and his son Maik Steinhausen set to work preparing the outfit for the two Englishmen. The last driver to win a sidecar Grand Prix in the island in 1976, Steinhausen Sr commented: ’I was happy with how these two rode the bike, I look forward very much to what this brings.’ Tel: 01624 695695 [email protected]Follow us Further Links Owned or licensed to Tindle Newspapers Ltd | Independent Family-Owned Newspapers | Copyright & Trade Mark Notice & 2013 - 2025 liegt nicht in der gewünschten Sprache vor Möchten Sie auf die Startseite der gewählten Sprache wechseln The content you are trying to access is not available in the selected language Would you like to switch to the home page of the selected language Klima & Ressourcen Interiors & Design Produkte & Referenzen Videos & Podcasts Aktuelle Ausgabe Collaborations Produkt + Praxis Advertorials Unternehmensportraits Referenz im DETAIL BAU 2025 Detail About Schüco Detail About Velux Detail About Solarlux Detail Events DETAIL Award Klima-Forum VELUX Architektur-Wettbewerb Kongress Modulbau Fassadenkongress Round Table DETAIL Product Award 2023 DETAIL Award 2022 Termine Detail Inspiration Shop DETAIL Magazin DETAIL Inspiration DETAIL Bücher Contributors 60 Jahre Detail DETAIL Award 2022 Impressum Datenschutz Social Media Mediadaten Newsletter Klima & Ressourcen Interiors & Design Produkte & Referenzen Aktuelle Ausgabe Collaborations Events “Sharing and Caring” is the clients’ motto employees can live by this motto as well in the new building for their company headquarters the architects from Zurich’s Hildebrand studio have created a distinguished head office that should also exert a positive influence on the corporate culture the lot is bordered by the Autobahn; to the south there is a park that can be used for breaks or outdoor meetings with clients the open area acts as reserve land for the company’s future plans the underground parkade juts from the earth meaning that it can be naturally ventilated Money thus saved on a ventilation system has been invested in the quality of the working areas The top storey recedes on all four sides to sit like a pavilion on the volume below The façade is completely glazed all the way around white lamellae tastefully conceal the white protruding floor plates and serve as sunshades for the working stations which are organized in the open space along the façade finely striated design elements appear again and again: as kin to the white façade elements they are used as a suspended ceiling as vertical wooden slats on the stairway balustrades and on the walls Most of the surfaces have been executed in exposed concrete The same is true of the three cores and the sculptural elliptical stairway that winds its way through all levels of the building the formwork joints are in striking evidence the meeting rooms accommodated in glazed cubes with delicate wooden frames are located directly on the façade The curvy stairwell represents a deliberate break from the rigid The stairway is naturally lit by a skylight and serves as a place of encounter that should promote communication among employees It will be a catalyst for the internal processes at the company General planning: HILDEBRAND & Ghisleni Partner Area: 6750 m² Budget BKP 1-5: 23.9 Mio Stephan Dietrich Project team: Thomas Hildebrand Simon Würgler Construction management: Ghisleni Partner Electrical engineer & Fire protection planner: Hefti Hess Martignoni Building services engineer: Hans Abicht AG Acoustics and Building physics: Gartenmann Engineering Facade planning: Reba Fassadentechnik Die DETAIL ARCHITECTURE GmbH ist eine führende internationale Plattform für Design- und Konstruktionslösungen in der Architektur DETAIL wurde 1961 gegründet und stellt täglich nutzbare Informationen und Inspirationen für alle führenden Architekt:innen und Architekturschulen der Welt bereit basierend auf einer einzigartigen Projektdatenbank mit Tausenden von detailliert – in DETAIL – dokumentierten Gebäuden Social Media KontaktDatenschutzABG Online Shop Lieferbedingungen Zahlungsarten Versandarten Widerrufsrecht Service & FAQ Melden Sie sich jetzt für den Newsletter an und sichern Sie sich einen 10€ Gutschein für den DETAIL Shop Mit dem Absenden dieser Nachricht willige ich ein, dass die angegebenen Daten zum Zweck des Newsletter-Versands verarbeitet und genutzt werden dürfen. Ich kann meine Einwilligung jederzeit widerrufen. (Datenschutzerklärung) Harry Payne (left) will be teaming up with Tim Reeves’s former passenger Kevin Rousseau next year in GPs Ballasalla-based Harry Payne is linking up with three-time TT winner Rolf Steinhausen for the 2023 FIM Sidecar World Championship He was first helped by the double world champion in 2021 when he and Mark Wilkes gained wild card entries under the Steinhausen Racing banner at Oschersleben Portugal where the pair famously won the final round of the series on a wet track Now aged 30, Payne began his TT career as a passenger, finishing 12th in the 2018 event alongside Manx driver Michael Jackson. 2022 had promised so much for Payne and Wilkes, but the world championship bid went off-track mid-season, shortly after they had registered a fifth place in the TT in what was Harry’s first attempt as a driver. The pair achieved pole position for the first world championship race at Le Mans in mid-April, but this was followed shortly afterwards by a spectacular crash. Mercifully, neither received serious injuries, but the weekend was ruined. They managed to start race two, in which they gained an eighth place on a borrowed outfit. From mid-season the Isle of Man-based team was again a regular contender for podium finishes. At Rijeka in Croatia they finished fourth and second, and in the home GP at Donington Park they finished fourth and third. Payne then found himself without a passenger (and sidecar), but during the summer break he renewed his link with Steinhausen, who immediately offered help to enable Payne to contest the remaining races. With Jurby’s Callum Crowe jumping in as passenger for the concluding rounds, fifth place in the world championship was successfully defended with a team selflessly made available by a French-based set-up. With the Crowe brothers planning their own assault on the full British Sidecar Championship (Callum was only a stand-in in any case), Payne secured another collaboration with Steinhausen Racing for 2023, for which a new Adolf RS outfit is currently being built. The first roll-out should be possible in mid-March, when 29-year-old Frenchman Kevin Rousseau, who won three world championship races alongside Tim Reeves in 2021, will be installed as passenger. ‘I learned a lot last year. I know what I can do on the bike when everything is right,’ said Harry in an interview with Speedweek magazine (published in Germany). ‘The Steinhausen team knows how to prepare a bike and they are people I can trust 100%. I want to repay them for putting their trust in me after 2022’s disasters, and I have no doubts that I will be able to do that.’ Continuing, he said: ‘Callum Crowe stepped in as my passenger at short notice in Oschersleben and Estoril. However I was without a partner for 2023 and when I heard that Kevin would no longer be driving with Tim Reeves, I asked him if he would like to join my team. I’m really looking forward to racing with him as he is one of the best passengers around. Steinhausen, who took part in a total of 18 TT races between 1973 and 1981, commented: ‘With Harry and his French passenger Kevin we want to build on the team’s successful years in the Sidecar World Championship. ‘We will send them on a title hunt with a brand-new, Yamaha-powered sidecar made by Landshut-based manufacturer ARS. We want to get the World Cup crown,’ added the determined German. Steinhausen secured back-to-back world championships in 1975 and 1976, winning the TT’s final two 500cc Sidecar GP races in the process with Josef Huber on the Konig-engined outfit. Comments Tel: 01624 695695 [email protected]Follow us The Namibian Defence Force lost N$10 million of taxpayers' money in a failed farm deal after the private seller pulled the plug on the transaction The farm in question is Farm Otjisemba No 24 which the ministry tried to buy for N$24 million in April 2017 from businessman Kurt Steinhausen You have selected an article from the AllAfrica archive, which requires a subscription. You can subscribe by visiting our subscription page. 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To address comments or complaints, please Contact us Get the latest in African news delivered straight to your inbox By submitting above, you agree to our privacy policy please follow the instructions in the email we just sent you There was a problem processing your submission Sign In Subscribe Now A trio of Greater Victoria athletes bowled over the competition at a Special Olympics national championship earlier this month Russell Morfitt and Tanya Steinhausen from Saanich along with Esquimalt’s Patrick Reid all reached the podium for 10-pin bowling during the Special Olympics Canada Bowling Championships Reid won a gold medal in the overall event Steinhausen won a gold medal in the individual event Morfitt won a bronze medal in the individual event and fourth in the doubles and overall events “Team BC bowlers trained hard for the bowling championships and it was inspiring to see their work pay off,” says Leslie Thornley “Along with achieving an impressive medal count Team BC won 31 medals at the championships The bowling contingent of Team BC is comprised of 56 athletes with intellectual disabilities 12 coaches and three mission staff members representing 23 communities across the province Team BC 2018 athletes from nine other sports will represent the province at the 2018 Special Olympics Canada Summer Games in Antigonish Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter editor@saanichnews.com Dialogue and debate are integral to a free society and we welcome and encourage you to share your views on the issues of the day. We ask that you be respectful of others and their points of view, refrain from personal attacks and stay on topic. To learn about our commenting policies and how our community-based moderation works, please read our Community Guidelines Former Island resident Harry Payne and teammate Kevin Rousseau have made a winning start to the 2024 FIM Sidecar World Championship The Steinhausen Racing duo won the opening race of the first round of this year's event at the Circuit Bugatti in Le Man the pairing would go on to win the 11-lap sprint race by 4.9 seconds ahead of 2021 champions Markus Schlosser and Luca Schmidt The following day (20 April) saw Payne and Rousseau also make a flying start on the next race over 18 laps and held a lead until lap 12 before a coil stick fail saw them forced to retire from the contest The next round of the championship will take place at Sachsenring circuit in Germany from 3-5 May NEW AUTO WORLD If you want to know and experience what the makers of the star envision under a car dealership of the future then you should take the kilometers to Steinhausen to MB Zug under the wheels CEO Mercedes-Benz Switzerland: "The MB Zug dealership sets new standards as a car boutique It meets the most modern standards in brand architecture It is the first of its kind in Switzerland and is regarded as an example of our retail concept." Investment of 40 million Swiss francs The initiator and investor is a Canadian moved to Switzerland with his family and invested 40 million Swiss francs in MB Zug: "The Zug region is interesting for me to launch a new generation of car boutique I'm looking forward to selling cars in a way that fits the technical developments." Joining him in Switzerland is Justin Nesbitt Mike Alkier will also open the location in Immensee near Küssnacht am Rigi mbzug.ch The 32-year-old was based in the island for almost seven years, from mid-2016 to early 2023 Former Isle of Man resident Harry Payne is the 2024 FIM Sidecar World Champion. The 32-year-old was based in the island for almost seven years, from mid-2016 to early 2023, when he moved to the Continent in a serious bid to further his world championship dream. He and Frenchman Kevin Rousseau, who passengered for Ben Birchall in this year’s TT, ride for the Steinhausen Racing team. Interestingly it is 49 years since team principal Rolf Steinhausen won his first world title, at the same age as Payne now. Payne and Rousseau were in the mix for the title all season, but it was only decided in the final few metres of the last round at Estoril in Portugal on Sunday. Only seven points separated the two top teams of Marcus Schlosser/Luca Schmidt and Payne/Rousseau going into the meeting. The 4.182km circuit had been kind to both drivers in the past. Schlosser sealed the 2021 world championship title there and Payne won his first GP race at the venue in the same year. The season-long contest came down to a last round fight and it was Payne/Rousseau who drew first blood by topping the practice and qualifying leaderboard on their 600cc Yamaha powered machine. Starting from pole position, the Steinhausen Racing duo took the honours in the 10-lap sprint race, reducing the championship deficit to only two points with one race to go. With everything on the line in a winner-takes-all scenario, it was a thrilling duel throughout with the two crews swapping places multiple times. It all came down to a last-lap drag race to the line with Payne/Rousseau snatching victory by 0.053 seconds. This in turn won them 2024 Sidecar World Championship by a mere two points. It’s been a long road to the top for Harry, who starting competing in motorcycle trials at the age of 10. He went on to race sidecar motocross as a passenger from the age of 18, and moved into road racing at the age of 23. He then worked his way up the ladder, winning international events as a passenger. Harry also competed in a number of local sidecar trials shortly after moving to the island. Harry only began driving sidecars four years ago, in the midst of the Covid pandemic. His first success was winning the Isle of Man Centre ACU Sidecar Championship at Jurby in 2020 with Olly Lace in the chair, advancing on to the FSRA British F2 Cup in 2021 with Mark Wilkes, and now the FIM Sidecar World Championship. He would like to thank everybody that has helped him in his racing career, with special thanks to his local sponsors Team Cubby and EICS Electrical of Douglas. Tel: 01624 695695 [email protected]Follow us a trip to the Maritimes this month should be right up their alley Russell Morfitt and Tanya Steinhausen from Saanich will join Esquimalt’s Patrick Reid in heading to Prince Edward Island to compete in the 2018 Special Olympics Canada Bowling Championships May 15 to 19 The trio will complete in 10-pin bowling and will be part of the Team BC contingent that is made up of 56 athletes “Team BC 2018 bowlers are ready to hit the lanes and represent their province with pride at the 2018 Special Olympics Canada Bowling Championships,” said Leslie Thornley “These athletes have been training very hard to elevate their performance and this will be an excellent opportunity for them to show their skills and sportsmanship on the national stage.” Team BC 2018 members qualified for the provincial squad through their performances at the 2017 Special Olympics BC Summer Games in Kamloops bowlers have been working hard to further develop their skills and fitness levels so they can be at their best for the competition in Prince Edward Island More than 400 athletes, coaches, and support staff will take part in the national championships, where 10-pin bowlers will compete for the opportunity to represent Canada at the 2019 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Abu Dhabi Team BC 2018 members will also represent their province at the 2018 Special Olympics Canada Summer Games in Antigonish Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter Dialogue and debate are integral to a free society and we welcome and encourage you to share your views on the issues of the day. We ask that you be respectful of others and their points of view, refrain from personal attacks and stay on topic. To learn about our commenting policies and how our community-based moderation works, please read our Community Guidelines.