Volume 5 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.685071 This article is part of the Research TopicClimate Change, Land, Water and Food Security: Perspectives from Sub-Saharan AfricaView all 14 articles Mountains are rich in pastures and water for agro-pastoral resources and supports rain-fed farming that sustain the livelihoods of many indigenous communities This work seeks to examine the implications of climatic variability on agro-pastoral resources (pasture land water) and food security within the Mbororo communities 350 household questionnaires were randomly administered in four Mbororo Ardorates and in-depth interviews conducted with local authorities Quantitative and qualitative analysis of data collected revealed that the link between climate land and water is paramount in animal rearing and crop farming in mountains Cattle rearing and crop farming have been the main source of livelihoods for about 90% of the Mbororos as they depend on it for food and income Climatic perturbations characterized by frequent dry spells rainfall anomalies and other environmental stressors predicted degrading pastoral resources and the independent variable explained the outcome variable at R = 0.787; R2 = 0 623; ΔR2 = 0.622; p < 0.01 This implies that 62.3% of degradation is accounted for by environmental stressors the carrying capacity of grazing have gone above the authorized number of two cattle per hectare Encroachments into grazing lands by crop farmers invasion by unproductive grass species and farmer-grazer conflicts are aggravated by climatic stressors The Fundong council and traditional authorities of the Kom Fondom have been working together to demarcate grazing land and provide water for cattle rearing Mbororo communities are equally diversifying their activities to ensure food availability adaptation implies adjustment to actual or expected climate to lessen the negative effects or exploit the opportunities This is crucial as pastoral resources are already highly vulnerable Climate change has become a major threat to food security especially in Sub-Saharan Africa that depends on rain-fed agro-pastoral systems (FAO, 2014). Livelihoods and food security of agro-pastoralists are already negatively affected by climate change. Ensuring food production and food security in the context of global climate change necessitates an understanding of the links between climate, water and land. According to FAO (2015) have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life Climate change has compromised the ability of indigenous communities to satisfy their food needs because it has profoundly affected the conditions under which agro-pastoral activities are carried out As such, the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals is not possible without directly addressing the impacts of climate change. Eradicating poverty and hunger, ensuring food security, clean water and sanitation, ecosystems conservation and restoration can only be achieved by addressing climate change issues (Capitani et al., 2018; Lewis et al., 2018) energy and climate are key inputs of the food production system over-cultivation and bush fires have exacerbated the impacts of climate change on mountain agro-pastoral systems In Cameroon, cattle rearing is an important economic activity. It is prominent in the Northern regions and in the North West Region where it is a source of livelihoods to more 5,041 households (Manu et al., 2014). According to Nyuymenka (2015) traditional grazing dominated and still does with more than 95% of Mbororo Fulani practicing extensive grazing that depends solely on natural pasture the Mbororo in the Cameroon Grassfields are agro-pastoralists While most families complement cattle husbandry with subsistence agriculture they first and foremost understand themselves as cattle pastoralists As an adaptation to nomadic pastoral crisis transhumance has been adopted as an alternative form of rearing by the Mbororos They move with their cattle seasonally between uplands and lowlands in search of pasture and water The transhumance zone was carved by Presidential Decree No regulating the movement and exploitation of livestock in the country The Mbororo communities of the Kilum-Ijim mountain range have adopted a sedentary lifestyle. They have structured communities called Ardorates. However, they still have many challenges. The question of access to land resources by recently sedentarized pastoralists is a difficult one because their settlement is not only facilitated by available space; but most importantly by the attitude of native people (Ngalim, 2015) Climate variability and change have equally contributed in degrading their already fragile systems and increasing food insecurity Many studies have singled out climate change as a crucial factor affecting agro-pastoral systems without establishing the nexus existing between climate and pastoral resources of land and water This work thus makes a useful contribution in the understanding of the relationship that exists between land water and food security in the context of global climate change The settlement of Mbororos amongst these native communities have been received with mixed feelings They occupied hilly slopes and other marginal lands whose agricultural productivity was low This exposes them to risks of environmental degradation this work covers the period from 1960 till present The year 1960 marked the beginning of actual sedentarization of a majority of the Nomadic Mbororo pastoralist in this area The sedentarization was accompanied by a diversification of activities and a change from pastoral to agro-pastoral activities They contributed significantly in supplying food to their communities and to the native communities this change in activities reduced their chances of using traditional knowledge systems to produce food and cope with the changing climate Limited access to resources such as land and water and discrimination suffered by Mbororos from the native populations have given rise to what was termed “the Mbororo problem” in the North West region of Cameroon Given that climate change adaptation demands equitable distribution of natural resources it was thus interesting to study food production systems within these resource-poor communities the impacts of climate variability on the already stressed resources and the coping options implemented across households and institutions This study adopted a cross sectional approach in data collection Qualitative and quantitative data was collected from primary and secondary sources Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews the sample was computed at 95% confidence level with a 0.05% error margin using the formula; Z = Critical value of the normal distribution at the required confidence level This computation gave an adjusted sample size of 350 households. Questionnaires were administered randomly in 14 villages (Table 1) The number administered in each village varied proportionally with the number of households The use of a household questionnaire permitted to get data from pastoralist since there is no official data base and equally appreciate practices carried out at individual levels Distribution of questionnaires in villages Table 1 shows that the number of questionnaires per village was proportionate to the number of Mbororo households in each village The highest numbers were administered in Fundong Center (8.6%) Interviews were conducted with the Ardos of Mentang 1 and 2 The Divisional Delegate of Livestock for Fundong the Mayor for Fundong Council and some quarters heads These provided information that could not be gotten through questionnaires Field visits were carried out during periods marking important activities that affect pastoral life such as transhumance period These periodic visits permitted us to take photographs of some activities see state of infrastructures and appreciate the difficulties encountered by pastoralists Archives of the Fundong Council and MOSCUDA Archives were consulted In-situ climatic data was collected from Divisional Delegation of Agriculture and rural Development Data collected was treated and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively Questionnaires were treated in SPSS while interviews were treated using thematic and content analysis Climate data set was smoothened using five-year moving averages in order to correct extremes and reduce observation errors Variability was computed using coefficient of variations (CV) while climatic variability trends were established using rainfall anomaly index Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic and content analysis The relationship between environmental factors and pastoral resources was established using a linear regression function and coefficient of determinations to get the proportion of other variables (human factors) Environmental factors were entered as a predictor of degrading pastoral resources and the independent variable used to explain the outcome variable Fundong Subdivision is located in the Western Highlands of Cameroon with a humid tropical climate from mid-march to mid-November and short dry season that lasts for 4 months) Seasons are regulated by the shifting of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) due to trade winds the region receives heavy rainfall ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 mm per annum The great variations in slope has put in place a mountain climate conducive for pasture growth and for the cultivation of market garden crops Daily temperatures range from 15°c to 38°c with an annual average temperature of about 20°c The presence of the Kilum-Ijim mountain range has equally led to temperature modifications as there is a systematic reduction in temperatures as we ascend the mountain slopes This cool climatic conditions have made the area free from tse-tse flies climate variability and change are compromising this comparative advantage Observed temperature trend and anomalies in Fundong Observed Rainfall trend and anomalies in Fundong Temperatures have been rising with positive and negative anomalies ranging from +0.5°C and −0.4°C rainfall have been fluctuating significantly around the mean annual amount of 1969.226 mm Positive anomalies go up to +300 mm while negative anomalies go beyond −320 mm Positive anomalies signify periods of more water supply while negative anomalies are periods of water shortages The frequency and intensity of extreme events especially dry spells have been exacerbated These climatic aberrations have compromised the reliability nature of rainfall with implications on water and pastures Evolution in cattle population in the main grazing zones Figure 4 shows that the cattle population have been increasing steadily from 2013 to 2017 in the main grazing zones or Ardorates of Ijim The implications of such an increase on pastoral resources are seen when we evaluate the carrying capacity of each grazing zone The computation of the carrying capacity shows that with the present scenario the carrying capacity of grazing lands have been superseded Considering, the relationship between cattle numbers and grazing zones, the cattle density have been determined for each grazing zone (Table 2) Determining carrying capacity per grazing zones Figure 5. Variation in carrying capacity in space and time. (A) Variation in carrying capacities within grazing zones. (B) Evolution in carrying capacities over the years for the entire zone. Source: Generated from data in Table 2 (2020) Figure 5 depicts that two zones Ijim and Metang II have carrying capacities above the authorized number of two cattle per hectare The implications of this is that the pasture lands are degrading rapidly as well as other resources such as water as the number of cattle population increases there is a corresponding increase pressure on land and resources resulting to overgrazing and the acceleration of conflict between the pastoralists themselves and the agriculturalist on the other hand because of the reduction in surface land and infertility of the soil (D) Encroaching of crop farming into grazing lands In Figure 6A shows a completely dry landscape with poor pastures. Cattle cannot feed properly on such grazing lands and given that their carrying capacities have been exceeded, the landscape is gradually being transformed into a bear and unproductive area. Figure 6B on the other hand shows a shrinking river course Cattle have to go into the river bed to be able to drink water Amongst the factors responsible for such rapid degradation is climate change as ascertain by Mr Ali in the following excerpt we use to have fresh grass allover and enough water to feed our animals We do not understand what is happening any more the sun has become too intense and rainfall has reduced The grazing lands have become drier because there is no rain water to make pastures grow normally Some fields in Achain have completely dried off and grass do not grow on it any longer Cattle drink a lot of water on daily basis now that rivers are drying due to too much sun too our activity will be affected badly….” This excerpt captured from a discussion with a herder in Fundong testifies the perceptions of the Mbororos on the effects of climate change on pasture lands The degradation of pastures which is attributed equally to overgrazing has been exacerbated by rainfall irregularities and dry spells The consequences of this have been the drying up of pasture lands and a reduction in grazing zones The dependence of Mbororo pastoralists on natural pastures have limited their coping options as transhumance corridors are equally affected The conquest for new grazing zones have resulted to encroachment into farming zones The outcome has been a fall in cattle and milk production and food insecurity The native Kom population are mostly crop farmers with only a few involved in cattle rearing. The fast growing native population and the desire to increase food production have led to the expansion of farms into mountain slopes and into grazing lands. The cold mountain climate favors the cultivation of market gardening crops such as Irish potatoes and vegetables. As such areas that were meant for cattle rearing have entered into competition with crop farming (Figure 6D) Figure 6D depicts the encroachment of farms into grazing lands These farms are mostly owned by the native population who usually discriminate against the minority Mbororos especially on land ownership The portions of the grazing zones scrambled over by farmers are usually the lowlying zones with fertile soils that supports pasture growth the Mbororo herders are forced to carry their cattle to the hilly slopes with less pasture and a rugged terrain that makes cattle movement difficult The agro-pastoral code is not respected in this area which is gradually becoming a mixed farming zone The Mbororos themselves are getting sedentarized in Fundong with well-structured and organized traditional systems called the Ardorats A good of them have equally adopted crop cultivation as a means of livelihoods The effects of encroachment into grazing lands have been a source of frequent conflicts between rearers and crop farmers Cattle in search for pasture and water gets into farms and destroy crops and the reaction of farmers toward such destruction have been violent in some cases Although there is an agro-pastoral commission in MBOSCUDA that work together to ensure a peaceful resolution of conflicts between farmers and herders the situation on the field is still deplorable Many attacks of the local population on cattle have been reported and many court cases are on-going “……land acquisition and ownership is a serious problem with us Our parents have been settled here for many years but they still consider us as strangers The native population feel they have more rights over grazing land than us….” This excerpt raises the problem of land management and governance The system of land acquisition and distribution in Fundong Subdivision reflects the land tenure system of the Western Highland which is an indicative of the customs of the people The tenure system in the entire Kom Highlands gives ownership of land to the Fon The Fon's titular ownership of land is recognized and expressed in a number of ways The land could be donated to a stranger by the village or lineage head but with the approval of the Fon Grazing land was to be demarcated and left at the disposal of the Fulani cattle graziers under the control of the Ardos (the Mbororo traditional ruler) by the Fon and the administrative authorities The Ardos could then distribute the land to other herders many Mbororos still feel discriminated upon as far as this traditional tenure system is concerned The relationship between climatic stressors and agro-pastoral resources was determined using a regression function and the model summary has been presented on Table 2: environmental factors were entered as a predictor of degrading pastoral resources and the independent variable explained the outcome variable at R = 0.787; R2 = 0 From the analysis it is evident that environmental stressors including climate change were able to predict 62.3% of the variation in the independent variable Predicting sedentary tendency among Mbororo Nomads This implies that climatic stressors, including climate variability and change could predict the changes in pastoral resources at 62.3%. This corroborates with herders observations as they identified a number of observable landmark consequences on the rangeland. Though at different degrees, the impacts are related to pasture degradation and water shortages with associated impacts (Figure 7) Observed Impacts of climate variability on pastoral resources Source: Compiled from Fieldwork Data (2020) pastoralists were unanimous to the fact that river courses are shrinking and affecting water demands for cattle (97%) while pasture degradation to environmental and human stressors was acknowledged by 86% of the study population The dependence of pastoralists on natural and shrinking water sources have led to congestion and conflicts amongst herders The warming climatic conditions upslope have favored the emergence of animal pests and diseases Despite possibilities to constantly vaccinate cattle and treat grazing lands the costs are very high and the already resource-poor population cannot afford Climate change has been shown to have affected the natural resource base for the production of food and provision of income in the Mbororo communities The performance of agro-pastoral systems is determined by the availability of land which are already hit hard by climatic aberrations The following excerpt shows the weight of climate change on food production and social systems; “…….we depend on cattle rearing to feed our families my cattle have been reducing because grazing land is reducing too It is difficult for me to feed my family and my two sons have gone to Bamenda town to look for jobs I told them that cattle rearing alone could no longer satisfy our needs….” This excerpt from an interview with Mr Ibrahim a family head and a pastoralists clearly demonstrates the inability of pastoral systems to ensure a steady food supply within the context of climate change It is evident that the sustainability of their livelihoods entails a livelihood diversification as land is inelastic Food security entails not only quantity but quality as well The shrinking water sources get constantly polluted the long distance movements to get pasture have reduced the quality of cattle products Findings equally revealed that thunder storms and lighting have increased in frequency with drastic consequence on the rearing of animals especially cattle Each year especially during sudden and short-duration intensive rainfall accompanied by thunder and lightning animals especially cattle and horses are killed This have become frequent on the slopes of Kilum Ijim and herders attributes it to the changing rainfall pattern It should be noted that the primary source of Mbororo income is the sale of animal and their products such as milk The dependence on cattle for food and income has made the dependency ratio very high The Mbororo culture does not allow women to take formal jobs and this has limited their ability to contribute in sustaining their families Women and children concentrate on animal milking and the sale of products such as butter The reduction in grazing land and in cattle population has seriously led to a reduction in milk production which is an important sources of food for the Mbororos It was revealed that the purchasing power of the Mbororo is reducing significantly but the numbers of persons to feed are increasing rapidly The reduction in cattle heads due to fast rate of reduction on grazing land and animal diseases are responsible for food insecurity within the Mbororo communities The adoption of an alliance system of farming introduced by MBOSCUDA has permitted Mbororo women to embark on crop cultivation Irish potatoes and vegetables for home consumption and for the market this activity have not yet yielded the required fruits as land ownership is a problem Climate change especially rainfall variability has disrupted the cropping calendar and led to many crop failures in the area The Mbororos equally lack entrepreneur skills to diversify their livelihood sources and this has led to food insecurity and poor diets Efforts have been by the local authorities and the Mbororo community in Fundong to improve on the management of agro-pastoral resources (water and land) in the context of climate change Adaptation to climate variability and change requires proper land management systems and good governance Cattle rearing and rangeland management in Cameroon are regulated mainly by Decree No 76/420 of 14 September 1976 modified by Decree No 86/755 24 of June 1986 According to Articles 1 and 2 of Decree No 76/420 animal grazing is free on all grazing land of the Country but the Minister of livestock can limit grazing in some specified grazing land especially in case of a disease outbreak There are also laws regulating pastoral resources with the primary issue in considering changes toward individuated tenure being equity Questions such as how should “land” be divided among pastoralists (groups of pastoralists) or between pastoralists and non-pastoralists Farming and grazing lands are managed by the land consultative board and the agro-pastoral commission The agro-pastoral commission allocates and demarcates farmlands and grazing lands in rural areas according to the needs of the population as well as development needs defines conditions for the use of a mixed farming zone examines and settles farmer-herder conflicts the functioning of this commission has problems Mbororos are underrepresented and discriminated upon when critical decisions are being taken This has kept them in a minority situation thereby limiting their efforts in climate change adaptation Ranching and improved pastures in Mentang 1 Ardorat Field investigations revealed that apart from climate change adaptation the disadvantages of a nomadic lifestyle coupled with the important role played by NGOs and MBOSCUDA in this area have encouraged many herders to adopt ranching as a method of rearing Herders reported that this method has increased the rate of pasture degradation and improved on the quality of cattle and milk produced The improved grazing land have a high carrying capacity as many animals can be fed over a small surface area of grazing land The advantage of these grazing land is that they are used during periods of pasture shortages and also The young cattle or the ones that are not able to move over long distances are grazed on these planted pasture fields The animals can stay and feed here for a period of over two months The effects of dry spells are less felt by such improved pasture species Water is one of most important pastoral resources that is vulnerable to the vagaries of weather. The failure of rain-fed systems due to climate variability and change have negatively affected food production. Mbororo communities depended on shrinking streams and natural sources for potable water and for water to feed their animals. Recently, efforts have been made by MBOSCUDA and the Fundong council in order to provide these facilities to the people (Figure 9) Water supply for livestock production in Achain Ardorat climate variability and change have led to a reduction in water resources Improving water supply is an important element of climate change adaptation in nomadic communities all over the Fundong Subdivision herders moved over long distances in search for water and pasture the availability of these water points have reduced movements and encouraged production during water stressed periods Field surveys revealed that most of these water supply points are treated by the veterinary services “…….climate change creates additional stresses on land exacerbating existing risks to livelihoods while some regions will face risks previously not anticipated (high confidence) Cascading risks with impacts on multiple systems and sectors also vary across regions (high confidence)……” IPCC This extraction from the IPCC (2019) special report on climate change food security and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems stands tall to demonstrate the effects of climate change on land and food production systems Land is an indispensable resource for food production by agro-pastoral systems and its inelastic nature has made it vulnerable to degradation with a lot of risks associated The Mbororo pastoral communities along the Kilum Ijim mountain slopes live in a fragile ecosystems and climate variability and change have increased the stress on pastures and increased the risks on their food production systems and incomes According to FAO (2014), climate variability and change have reduced the productivity of farm lands thereby affecting small scale farmers negatively. The intensity of risks associated to land degradation to climate change have been aggravated by population pressure on already stressed resources as well as the low adaptive capacities of farmers (IPCC, 2019) Pastoralists of the Kilum Ijim Mountain have less adaptation options and limited access to land Their over-dependence on cattle rearing have made them vulnerable to risks of foods shortages as their source of livelihood is threatened by the impacts of climate change Land availability is necessary for proper adaptation and it is revealed that climate change driven land degradation has led to a fall in food crop production milk and butter which are the main stay of agro-pastoralists communities Climate driven land degradation and water scarcity have increased the risk of food insecurity “….Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life….” FAO (2018) Climate variability and change have reduced the ability of communities to be food secured It is established that the achievement of sustainable development goals and the fight against poverty and hunger cannot be effective without a proper climate change adaptation strategy This work thus contributes in revealing the state of exposure to the risk of poverty and hunger within a minority community with limited access to pastoral resources of land and water the Fundong council have provided potable water to Mbororo communities Cattle water drinking points have been constructed in some Ardorats such as Achain and this has reduced pressure on natural sources Intervention of NGOs such as HIEFER International and MBOSCUDA have been accompanying the Mbororo communities in their efforts to improve on their livelihoods such as population pressure and the value of resources so too would the customs and practices in relation to how the resources are managed have to evolve Cameroon has very good laws regulating the distribution and use of pastoral resources but their applicability needs to be improved upon The bottom-top approach should be employed the aspirations and capacities of Mbororos taken into consideration climate change policies downscaled and incorporated into resource management systems and implementation and follow-up pastoral programs be upgraded Findings have shown that food security has a link with the production system in place The agro-pastoral system includes the multiple environmental socioeconomic and political elements that shape and are shaped by food production Environmental stressors predicted degrading pastoral resources and the independent variable explained the outcome variable at R = 0.787; R2 = 0 work in interaction and understanding the impacts of climate change on pastoral resources require a collaborative approach Local authorities in Fundong need to make provision for grazing land for the resource-poor Mbororo communities including large land acquisitions (land grabbing) by Mbororo elites should be probe into and checked Adaptation to climate change needs a well-structured resource base system and collaboration amongst actors agricultural technology developers and climate scientists local administrative and traditional authorities should work in a participatory way This will help them to co-develop locally-appropriate climate-sensitive methods build resilience and improve on food production Further research should look at stakeholder participation opportunities and constraints for effective management of resources within the context of climate change The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary materials further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements Written informed consent was not obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article All authors listed have made a substantial direct and intellectual contribution to the work The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher Climate change and pastoralists: perceptions and adaptation in montane Kenya North West Regional Delegation of Livestock “Making Rangelands more secure in Cameroon: lessons learned and recommendations for policy makers development actors and pastorlists,” in Paper Prepared for Presentation at the 2017 World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty (Washington Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat Google Scholar Views from two mountains: exploring climate change impacts on traditional farming communities of Eastern Africa highlands through participatory scenarios “Climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa: consequences and implications for the future of pastoralism,” in International Conference on the Future of Pastoralism Google Scholar Adapting to Climate Change Through Land and Water Management in Eastern Africa Google Scholar Impact of Climate Change on Farming System and Livelihoods in the Near East and North Africa; 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Accepted: 17 September 2021; Published: 28 October 2021 Copyright © 2021 Kongnso, Buba and Nfor. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Moye Eric Kongnso, bW95ZWVyaWNAeWFob28uY29t Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish This report is produced by OCHA Cameroon in collaboration with humanitarian partners It covers the period from 1 to 30 June 2024 The population of the North-West and South-West regions (NWSW) continued to suffer from the impact of frequent attacks and clashes between parties to the crisis The effects on populations include loss of life harassment or threats at checkpoints/roadblocks and demands for illegal payments restriction of movement due to frequent lockdowns and sustained use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) Humanitarian workers are facing the risks of collateral damage at least eight incidents involving humanitarian workers were recorded in NWSW Four of them took place in the NW and four in the SW Frequent roadblocks especially in NW continue as well as Bamenda – Mbengwi and Bamenda-Fundong while other axes in the region remain challenging The ban of NSAGs on yellow taxis and their request to paint taxis in white and blue limited the number of circulating taxis While the ban was supposed to start on the first of July two related incidents were recorded in Bamenda on 5 June in addition to the imposed curfew from 6 pm to 6 am are among contributing factors to movements limitations and the deterioration of the already fragile social and economic situation and impact on livelihoods Clashes between farmers and herders continued to be recorded in Donga - Mantung division NW region with two incidents reported in Dumbu and in Misaje central the community members of Misaje staged a peaceful march denouncing the situation and calling for help to address it 1,127 return movements were recorded in SW while 1,804 persons were temporarily displaced in NW and SW to nearby bushes The displacements recorded were pendular and all displaced persons returned to their areas of origin shortly after the situation calmed down The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) monitors trends in staple food prices in countries vulnerable to food insecurity the Price Bulletin provides a set of charts showing monthly prices in the current marketing year in selected urban centers and allowing users to compare current trends with both five-year average prices and rice are the primary staples grown andconsumed in the Far North region of Cameroon Legumes such ascowpeas and groundnuts are also widely consumed Maroua and Kousseri host the most importantreference markets in the Far North responsible for the flow fromrural to urban areas during harvest Other important reference markets include Mora,Mokolo Markets in the Far North play an importantrole in regional trade with neighboring Chad and Northeast Nigeria.However as result of insecurity and conflict in the Greater LakeChad basin these trade corridors are often closed by thegovernment re-orientating trade flow more towards southerndestinations Equatoral Guineaand the Central Africa Republic (CAR) The Northwest region is amajor production basin for maize and beans while the Southwestregion produces mainly plantain Potato andrice are also important crops produced and consumed in bothregions Palm oil is produced in both regions as an important cashcrop sold mostly processed These regions supply large cities inCameroon and neighboring Gabon and also haveimportant trade connections with Nigeria reference markets in these regions include Bamenda and Limbe.of the ongoing conflict inthe two regions Some key reference markets in these regions include Bamenda Most locally produced foods supplied in Yaoundé and Douala markets come from peri-urban and rural areas as rapidurbanization of these cities has reduced the total areas under cultivation coming mainly from neighboring divisions and from the Southwest West and South regions.Other highly demanded locally produced staples are macabo withCameroon being an import dependent country for rice more than 90 percent of the rice supplied in these city markets areimported from Asia You don't have permission to access the page you requested What is this page?The website you are visiting is protected.For security reasons this page cannot be displayed weedicides and crop sprayers to farmers deemed vulnerable in Fundong The aim of this government action is to improve these farmers' productivity 500 crop sprayers and 1,000 sachets of weedicides which were distributed to about 1,000 families in that region in the framework of the project Filets sociaux financed by World Bank and Cameroon Let’s note that about 20,500 households have already benefited from the project Filets sociaux which was experimented for the first time in Cameroon between November 2013 and January 2016 to reduce poverty and food insecurity in Souledé-Roua which is considered as the poorest commune in the country In view of the success of the pilot phase that consisted notably in giving money to the vulnerable people the government decided to implement this project in other regions to reduce the poverty level of poor households Kribi Bitumen Plant Set to Start Construction in 2025 with Government Backing CEMAC Bond Market Hits CFA 8.45 Trillion in March 2025, Interest Rates Drop Cameroon’s Timber Output Projected to Rise in 2025 Despite Higher Export Taxes Central Africa Stock Exchange Sees 98% Drop in Trading Value in Q1 2025 Every week the economy and investment news from Cameroon Mboa Paris Trains 30 Young Cameroonians to Boost Tech and Entrepreneurship Cameroon Audit Targets Former Officials for Mismanagement in Agricultural Project Camwater Seeks Global Bids to Launch Bottled Water Lines in Five Cities Bafoussam Workshop Highlights Benefits of Cameroon-EU Trade Agreement Cameroon Could Reach 350,100 Tons of Cotton in 2025 (Beac) Paul Biya Appoints Johnny Razack as Chair of Cameroon’s National Investment Company Cameroon Refuses Work Visa Renewal for Casino and Super U Boss Over Toxic Workplace Claims Cameroon Joins Global Charter to Fight Illegal Fishing 17 out of the I9 health districts reported confirmed cases of COVID-l9 61 % of the cases have been recorded in Bamenda and 13% of total cases recorded in Fundong health district 10 out of the I8 health districts reported confirmed cases of COVID-l9 75% of the cases have been recorded in Buea and Limbe health districts and 14% of cases reported in Kuma health district • Alerts generated through the Early Warning Alerts and Response System (EWARS) for suspected Cholera cases and Yellow fever death in Santa Urban North West Region (NWR) are under investigation • Ensure the all health districts implement COVID-19 response activities (contact tracing • Stronger sensitization is required to counter the misinformation about the management of COVID-19 in the communities and at health facilities • There is need for more CHWs to be trained and empowered to carry out community activities • There is need of scale up of testing in view of schools resumption and re opening of borders • There is inadequate infrastructure and equipment for COVID-19 case management in the regions • Most of the communities are not respecting preventive measures (face mask and social distance) • Very few communities tested using RDTs in remote health districts • Reduced positivity of RDTs leading to fewer contacts followed and an apparent decline which may not be realistic (Source of SW regional) as rapid urbanization of these cities has reduced the total areas under cultivation Other highly demanded locally produced staples are macabo with Cameroon being an import dependent country for rice more than 90 percent of the rice supplied in these city markets are imported from Asia Reference markets in these regions include Bamenda and Limbe.of the ongoing conflict in the two regions (Business in Cameroon) - The National Cocoa and Coffee Board (NCCB) informs that it recently hosted a national coffee competition Called “Taste the Harvest,” this competition was supervised by the pan-African Fine Coffees Association (Afca) which selected the 10 best coffees in Cameroon The best coffees in this first edition was a sample of coffee produced in Belo in the Boyo department in the Northern region by the North West Cooperative Association (NWCA) NWCA’s samples were also second (Fundong sample: 83.75 out of 100) third (Central Bamenda sample: 83.5 out of 100) and fourth (Belo sample: 83.25 out of 100) The samples of Union Centrale des Coopératives Agricoles de l'Ouest (Uccao) Cameroon's largest cooperative of coffee producers were ranked 5th (Caplami: 83 out of 100) and 6th (Latino: 82.5 out of 100) The remaining samples in the best 10 were provided by NWCA They are namely Momo's sample (82.5 out of 100) in 7th place Noni's sample in 8th place (82.5 out of 100) another sample from Central Bamenda in 9th place (82.25 out of 100) and Santa Piyin's sample in 10th place (82 out of 100) the top 5 best coffees will compete at the regional level with Burundi the top 5 coffees of the Afca-supervised regional competition will be promoted on the Pan-African Association's website one kilogram of each of the top 5 coffees will be sent to Europe and Asia for presentation at international events The National Community Driven Development Programme has donated some 24 computers to boost local development and the decentralization process in the Region The gifts distributed to enhance local governance in councils comprised complete desktop computers carrying monitors back up and power extension apparatus with Norton Anti- virus installed Chairing the donation event in Bamenda recently Governor Adolph Lele Lafrique announced the imminent handing over of motorcycles to the same councils The Governor challenged beneficiary Mayors to improve output with the computers The gadgets are expected to step up transparency efficiency and accountability in the management of the councils Beneficiary councils for the recent PNDP computers include 05-11-2013 - PNDP Constructs 50 Million Classrooms, Toilets in SW A team from the Civil Protection department of MINAT began serving Bamenda-based internally displaced persons with material and food items on November 2 The reality of the government’s announced emergency humanitarian assistance plan for internally displaced persons(IDPs) following the socio-political crisis rocking the North West and South West regions was visible in Bamenda on November 2 Adolphe Lele Lafrique kick-started the distribution of material and food items to some IDPs The exercise at the Up station premises of the Governor’s Office featured internally displaced persons who earlier registered on arrival in Bamenda after escaping violence from the Divisions of the region and the neighbourhoods of Manyu Division in the South West Region The Sub Director of Civil Protection who led the team from Ministry of Territorial Administration (MINAT) Tchuente Gilbert told Cameroon Tribune that the first lap of distribution in Bamenda featured for distribution Around to receive the items were IDPs from Belo, Fundong, Njinikom, Batibo Sub Divisions or better still IDPs from virtually all the Divisions of the North West and others from the neighbourhood villages of Manyu Division in the South West Region Around the Governor to ensure the smooth conduct of the exercise were the SDO of Mezam Songa Pierre Rene and a senior staff of the Attorney General’s office Наслаждайтесь азартом на любом устройстве! 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