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Volume 12 - 2024 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1395772">https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1395772</a>
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancing Science in Support of Sustainable Bio-Innovation: 16th ISBR Symposium<a class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right" aria-label="View all 19 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/54800/advancing-science-in-support-of-sustainable-bio-innovation-16th-isbr-symposium/articles" target="_self" data-event="customLink-linkType-a_viewAll19Articles">View all 19 articles</a>
is one of the major staple food and cash crops grown in over 140 countries in the subtropics and tropics
with around 153 million tons annual global production
Despite its widespread cultivation and adaptability to diverse environments
banana production faces significant challenges from pathogens and pests that often coexist within agricultural landscapes
Recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing offer transformative solutions to enhance banana resilience and productivity
have successfully employed gene editing to confer resistance to diseases such as banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) by targeting susceptibility genes and banana streak virus (BSV) by disrupting viral sequences
Other breakthroughs include the development of semi-dwarf plants
non-browning banana have been developed to reduce food waste
with regulatory approval in the Philippines
The future prospects of gene editing in banana looks promising with CRISPR-based gene activation (CRISPRa) and inhibition (CRISPRi) techniques offering potential for improved disease resistance
The Cas-CLOVER system provides a precise alternative to CRISPR/Cas9
demonstrating success in generating gene-edited banana mutants
Integration of precision genetics with traditional breeding
and adopting transgene-free editing strategies
will be pivotal in harnessing the full potential of gene-edited banana
The future of crop gene editing holds exciting prospects for producing banana that thrives across diverse agroecological zones and offers superior nutritional value
ultimately benefiting farmers and consumers
This article highlights the pivotal role of CRISPR/Cas technology in advancing banana resilience
with significant implications for global food security
Banana including plantain (Musa spp.) plays a pivotal role in global agriculture and food security, provides a reliable source of affordable and nutritious food. With its year-round availability and adaptability to diverse climates in the tropics and subtropics (<a href="#B35">Jones, 2000</a>), banana emerge as a steadfast source of essential nutrients, particularly potassium, vitamin C, vitamin B6, and dietary fiber (<a href="#B44">Kumari et al., 2023</a>)
It not only provides a swift and convenient energy boost but also assumes a central role as a staple in the diets of millions of people in regions
In addition to its nutritional value, the economic significance of banana cannot be overstated. Serving as a critical export commodity for numerous tropical nations, banana contributes substantially to international agricultural trade, with vast plantations spanning over 140 countries and islands, covering over 12 million hectares globally, and 7.5 million hectares in Africa (<a href="#B23">FAOSTAT, 2021</a>)
The undeniable ubiquity and economic impact of banana underscore their pivotal role in sustaining the wellbeing of populations worldwide
the application of cutting-edge technologies such as CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing emerges as a promising avenue for revolutionizing banana production
researchers are developing improved banana varieties with enhanced resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
thereby bolstering productivity and resilience in the face of environmental adversities
This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and future prospects in the utilization of gene editing technologies for the development of better banana varieties
This article seeks to elucidate the potential of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in driving innovation and sustainability within the global banana industry
Banana production grapples with an array of biotic and abiotic challenges that pose significant threats to both yield and fruit quality
These challenges are multifaceted and contingent upon factors such as geographical location
and viral diseases stand out as major threats to banana crops
Second, the most important fungal disease is Black Sigatoka, affecting mainly the lower leaves of banana plants and directly reducing the yield of the crop and poor quality of fruits (<a href="#B6">Arango Isaza et al., 2016</a>)
Several viruses, including banana streak virus (BSV, genus Badnavirus) and banana bunchy top virus (BBTV, genus Babuvirus) also affect banana production worldwide because of their effects on yield, quality, and limitations to the international germplasm exchange due to presence of viruses in planting materials, posing a severe threat to food and nutrition security in banana-growing regions (<a href="#B43">Kumar et al., 2015</a>)
The escalating impact of these pests underscores the urgent need for sustainable and accessible pest management strategies
and climatic variability pose additional challenges to banana production
The susceptibility of banana to climatic conditions
coupled with the looming threat of climate change
potentially altering traditional growing regions and exposing banana to new risks
Addressing these multifaceted production constraints requires a holistic approach encompassing improved agricultural practices
and strategies to enhance genetic diversity
and ensure the long-term sustainability of banana cultivation
Despite the inherent challenges in preserving genetic diversity within genomic groups
it remains a crucial endeavor for the long-term sustainability of banana cultivation
The conservation of diverse genetic resources serves as the foundation for breeding programs aimed at developing new banana cultivars with enhanced traits
including resistance to diseases and pests
and better adaptation to changing environmental conditions
The advent of CRISPR technology represents a significant leap forward in genetic manipulation
offering unprecedented precision and speed in breeding efforts
This revolutionary tool has the potential to expedite the breeding cycles of banana and facilitate the development of cultivars with tailored traits
thereby contributing to the resilience and sustainability of banana cultivation in the face of evolving environmental and agricultural landscapes
CRISPR/Cas9, derived from a naturally occurring bacterial immune defense mechanism against viruses, functions by leveraging RNA segments generated from CRISPR arrays to identify and bind to specific DNA sequences (<a href="#B42">Koonin and Makarova, 2009</a>)
the Cas9 enzyme cleaves the DNA at precise locations
Scientists have harnessed this bacterial defense system to edit DNA by designing short guide RNA (gRNA) sequences that guide the Cas9 enzyme to target DNA sequences in cells
Once the desired DNA sequence is identified
SDN1 involves random mutations in the host genome
altering gene function or causing gene silencing or knockout
SDN2 utilizes a repair template matching the DSB
leading to nucleotide substitution or targeted indels via HDR
SDN3 facilitates the targeted insertion of foreign genes by repairing the DSB with a longer repair template than the homologous sequences
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 based editing in crop improvement
offering higher accuracy in viral detection compared to traditional methods
PAM fragments are not necessary for Cas13a activity
the use of complementary DNA to block the aptamer&#x02019;s binding capacity may result in signal loss in target recognition
the potential of CRISPR/Cas14 for aptasensing has never been investigated
it is worthwhile to try to create an affordable
and direct Cas14-based biosensor for flexible aptasensing
primer editing doesn&#x02019;t require a donor template or result in DSB; instead
it removes off-target effects and fixes frameshifts brought on by indels
The genome can only be altered by a fusion protein made up of a longer-than-usual gRNA called pegRNA and Cas9 H840A nickase linked to a modified reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme
Prime and base editing are SDN1 types of editing because they don&#x02019;t need a DNA donor template
This suggests that they may be treated similarly to non-transgenic crops and may not be subject to stringent biosafety regulations
These advanced CRISPR technologies offer tremendous potential for improving crop resilience
and addressing global food security challenges
Banana is one of the most consumed fruits globally playing a crucial role in food security. However, challenges such as pests, diseases, and nutritional deficiencies pose significant threats to banana production and sustainability. To address these challenges, researchers worldwide are harnessing the power of CRISPR/Cas technology to develop resilient, high-yielding, and nutrient-enriched banana varieties (<a href="#T1">Table 1</a>)
These promising events are now slated for field trials before eventual deployment to farmers&#x02019; fields
The availability of reference genome sequences and sophisticated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools has greatly facilitated the development of banana resistant to BSV and BXW (<a href="#B80">Tripathi et al., 2022</a>)
By meticulously targeting endogenous genes
researchers have achieved significant success in conferring resistance to these devastating diseases
underscoring its significance in plant-pathogen interactions and offering novel opportunities for enhancing resistance to bacterial diseases in crops
Additionally, apart from MusaDMR6 and MusaENDOL, several potential genes identified through comparative transcriptomic studies comparing RNAseq of BXW-susceptible cultivars with BXW-resistance wild progenitor could be targeted for editing using CRISPR/Cas9 to develop resistance against BXW (<a href="#B82">Tripathi et al., 2019a</a>)
BBTV is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus with a multipartite genome comprising six circular components with an approximate size of 1.1&#x000a0;kb each (<a href="#B76">Tripathi et al., 2021</a>)
no instances of CRISPR/Cas-mediated resistance against BBTV have been documented
various genes have been edited for resistance against ssDNA viruses
presenting potential targets for developing resistance against BBTV
we describe some promising potential targets for exploration in the quest to establish resistance against BBTV
The plant architecture encompasses the growth and development of a plant from its meristems to the development of stems, leaves, inflorescences and roots. This architecture plays a crucial role in determining their performance and ability to thrive in challenging environments (<a href="#B87">Wang et al., 2018</a>)
One crucial aspect of plant structure is its height
which is influenced by factors like genetic makeup
In banana cultivation, researchers utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target MaGA20ox2 gene in the &#x0201c;Gros Michel&#x0201d; variety. This resulted in the development of semi-dwarf mutants with thicker, darker, and greener leaves compared to non-edited plants, highlighting the effectiveness of gene editing in altering plant structure for desired characteristics (<a href="#B69">Shao et al., 2020</a>)
A fundamental objective of gene editing in agriculture is enhancing the nutritional content of crops
Increasing carotenoid levels involves overexpressing phytoene synthase genes, like CrtI and PSY, to redirect carbon flux into the biosynthetic pathway. Conversely, silencing genes such as LCYe, BCH, ZEP, and CCD4 can inhibit precursor conversion. For instance, in banana, <a href="#B39">Kaur et al. (2020)</a> utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to enhance &#x003b2;-carotene content in &#x0201c;Grand Naine&#x0201d; cultivar by editing the lycopene epsilon-cyclase (LCY&#x003b5;) gene
resulting in a substantial 6-fold increase (&#x0223c;24&#x000a0;&#x003bc;g/g) in &#x003b2;-carotene accumulation in the fruit pulp compared to the non-edited plants
Banana, as a typical climacteric fruit, ripen and decay within a week after exposure to exogenous ethylene. This short shelf life significantly limits their storage, transportation, and marketing, leading to substantial postharvest losses. By editing the aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase oxidase (MaACO1) gene, it is possible to delay the ripening process by reducing endogenous ethylene production (<a href="#B31">Hu et al., 2021</a>)
This approach demonstrates significant potential in enhancing banana quality and resilience
These gene-edited banana have received a non-GMO exemption from the Philippines Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Plant Industry
This marks a significant milestone as the first gene-edited product to undergo the newly established regulatory determination process in the Philippines
Tropic&#x02019;s non-browning banana can now be freely imported and propagated within the country
In the context of banana improvement, CRISPR-based gene activation or inhibition holds immense potential for enhancing specific traits. Our research at IITA focuses on activating endogenous banana genes associated with antimicrobial properties, pathogen resistance, and disease tolerance through CRISPRa. By targeting genes identified through transcriptomic analysis (<a href="#B82">Tripathi et al., 2019a</a>)
we aim to confer resistance to diseases like BXW
which poses a significant threat to banana cultivation
Initial screenings of regenerated plants have shown promising levels of gene activation
paving the way for further characterization of their resistance to BXW and other banana diseases
Previous studies have demonstrated successful virus resistance in plants like Arabidopsis
indicating its potential in banana virus management
CRISPRi could emerge as a powerful tool for conferring robust viral resistance in banana
safeguarding their production from devastating viral infections
CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a pivotal tool for gene editing
holding immense promise for revolutionizing agriculture and addressing critical issues such as climate resilience and food security
one of the challenges researchers face is navigating the complexities of intellectual property (IP) protection and licensing to enable the release of gene-edited crops for widespread use by growers
Securing licenses for CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be challenging due to high demand and intricate legal frameworks
The Clo051 endonuclease functions as a binding protein at the DNA target site
while the fusion protein comprises an inactivated or dead Cas9 (dCas9) protein
the Cas-CLOVER system employs two gRNAs along with the Clo051 endonuclease
requiring the dimerization of subunits associated with each gRNA
This dual-guide RNA mechanism ensures highly targeted and precise gene editing
as Clo051 generates double strands only when both gRNAs are simultaneously engaged
Researchers successfully validated the efficacy of the Cas-CLOVER technology in banana gene editing, particularly targeting mutations in the banana phytoene desaturase (MusaPDS) gene (<a href="#B81">Tripathi et al., 2023</a>)
Banana mutants generated through this technique exhibited an albino phenotype
This demonstration underscores the precision and versatility of the Cas-CLOVER system for precise gene editing in banana
offering a promising alternative to conventional CRISPR/Cas9 technology
base editing could be used to enhance nitrogen utilization
which could be beneficial for functional genomics in banana
Prime editing has also shown promise in regulating protein expression through the manipulation of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in eukaryotes (<a href="#B99">Zhang et al., 2020</a>). <a href="#B92">Xue et al. (2023)</a> developed methods to fine-tune uORF expression
which could be applied to banana to precisely regulate target gene expression
Moreover, prime editing has been successfully employed to confer disease resistance in plants. For example, <a href="#B25">Gupta et al. (2023)</a> engineered resistance to bacterial blight in rice using enhanced PPE systems
Techniques such as knocking in resistance elements or generating resistance alleles could be adapted to develop resistance to BXW
Both base editing and prime editing hold significant promise for advancing banana improvement by enhancing traits such as nutrient efficiency
and enabling the production of transgene-free plants
These innovative editing techniques could address critical challenges in banana cultivation and improve overall crop resilience and productivity
The pursuit of transgene-free gene editing in banana aims to create non-GMO plants with desired traits while addressing regulatory constraints associated with GMOs
Despite the broader array of transformation approaches available
especially in clonally propagated crops like banana
To address this regulatory hazel and increase the commercialization of gene edited banana
it is imperative to produce DNA-free products
Several strategies are being explored to produce transgene-free gene-edited banana plants
challenges such as high off-target effects and the need for extensive screening remain
To address these challenges, researchers are designing plasmids with mechanisms for T-DNA excision and removal following editing (<a href="#B19">Dalla Costa et al., 2020</a>)
Techniques such as the Flp/FRT system and synthetic cleavage target sites (CTS) have been developed to remove T-DNA from CRISPR-edited plants
Although challenges with trimming at T-DNA boundaries exist
these approaches represent significant progress toward producing transgene-free plants
efforts are underway to refine the process of producing transgene-free banana through transient delivery of the Cas9-gRNA reagent by Agrobacterium
and protoplast isolation are being developed to streamline the process
Gene editing is predicted to usher in a new Green Revolution
enhancing food and nutritional security worldwide and mitigating the effects of climate change
the technology also raises significant ethical concerns that encompass environmental
One major concern is the possibility of off-target effects
The aspect of safety has been one of the critical issues of gene editing
There are questioned surrounding the safety of gene editing
especially when the technology is used for gene drives
since off-target effects in gene editing are not fully understood
There is also concern that gene-edited crops could reduce biodiversity if they outcompete natural species or if large-scale monoculture practices are adopted
The patenting of gene-edited crops by corporations can lead to concerns about farmers&#x00027; rights and their dependency on a few large companies for seeds
potentially driving up costs and limiting traditional farming practices
Moral and religious objections also play a significant role in the ethical debate
Many people believe that gene editing interferes with natural creation
equating it to &#x0201c;playing God.&#x0201d; These objections highlight the need for inclusive and culturally sensitive discussions when considering the widespread adoption of gene editing in agriculture
CRISPR/Cas based gene editing stands as a transformative technology with vast potential for enhancing crop productivity and nutritional quality
thus bolstering global food security amidst mounting environmental challenges
the clonal propagation of banana presents unique challenges in integrating gene-edited traits due to the seedless nature of the fruit
While plasmid-based delivery systems and embryogenic cell methods offer feasible pathways for generating gene-edited banana plants
the task of segregating transgenes through conventional breeding is hindered by the lack of seeds in banana
Overcoming these hurdles requires optimization of techniques like using RNPs for generating plants from protoplasts or microprojectile bombardment of cell suspension
robust protoplast regeneration systems must be developed through further research to facilitate the creation of transgene-free plants in banana cultivars with shorter breeding cycles
Disease resistance trait is successfully targeted by knocking off the susceptible genes in the banana genome
challenges persist in targeting complex polygenic traits like abiotic stress tolerance
necessitating the simultaneous knockout of multiple genes or targets
the diligent exploration of innovative technologies such as CRISPR/Cas holds promise for delivering high-yielding better banana with enhanced nutritional content and disease resistance
By integrating precision genetics with traditional breeding programs and adopting transgene-free strategies
researchers can unlock the full potential of gene-edited banana
The future holds exciting prospects for the development of banana that not only thrive in diverse environments but also offer superior nutritional value
The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research
The study is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers
This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Ntui VO and Tripathi JN (2024) Application of CRISPR/Cas-based gene-editing for developing better banana
Received: 04 March 2024; Accepted: 01 August 2024;Published: 16 August 2024
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Despite decades of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI)
onchocerciasis transmission persists in Cameroon and has been associated with increased risk for epilepsy in endemic communities
We investigated the onchocerciasis situation in the Ntui Health District (a known onchocerciasis focus in Cameroon where the Sanaga River constitutes the main source of black fly vectors) using parasitological
community-based surveys were conducted in four villages (Essougli
Onchocerciasis was diagnosed via microscopic examination of skin snips
we screened children aged 3–6 years for Ov16 antibodies as a proxy for recent onchocerciasis transmission
Monthly black fly biting rates were obtained from the two riverside villages (Nachtigal and Essougli) for 12 consecutive months (July 2021 to June 2022) using the human landing catch technique
Some black flies were dissected each month to check for infection
460 participants were recruited; mean age was 32.1 (range: 3–85) years with 248 (53.9%) being males
Participants with epilepsy (n = 25) were more often skin snip positive (45.8% vs 12.7%; P &lt; 0.001) and had higher microfilarial loads (9.2 ± 22.0 vs 0.7 ± 3.5 microfilariae/skin snip; P &lt; 0.001) compared to their peers without epilepsy
Eight (6.5%) of the 123 tested children were Ov16 seropositive
The breeding sites we investigated along the Sanaga River during the current study harbored fewer vectors (annual biting rates reaching 530,322 vs 606,370 in the Mbam River) and exhibited lower black fly infection rates (annual transmission potentials reaching 1479 vs 4488 in the Mbam River) when compared to recent entomological reports in Cameroon
black fly infection rates (by microscopy) in the Ntui Health District were rather low resulting in overall low transmission potentials in study villages
volvulus infection in both humans and insects is on the decrease
volvulus is still endemic in these communities
Reducing the vector population will further accelerate onchocerciasis elimination prospects
accounting for the high onchocerciasis transmission in the surrounding villages
we report the baseline findings regarding the onchocerciasis situation prior to implementing novel onchocerciasis control measures in the study villages
CDTI is usually conducted between June–July each year
the 2020 CDTI session was finally carried out in March 2021 in the Ntui Health District
the research team visited the study area to identify villages located within 10 km of the Sanaga River
We met with the local authorities (village chiefs
explained the study objectives to them and obtained their consent
We then organized meetings with the community health workers for the Ntui Health District to plan for the conduct of the research project in their respective villages
The community health workers were given a few weeks to carry out massive sensitization and mobilization in their respective communities to inform the populations about the study and its potential benefits in the fight against onchocerciasis
The diagnosis of epilepsy was made by the project physicians during fieldwork in the study villages
The average mf count for both skin snips from each participant was calculated
Microfilarial densities were expressed as mf/skin snip
The same experienced laboratory technician examined the skin snips from all study sites
All skin snip samples were obtained in July 2021
and Ov16 testing in children was conducted in July 2021 and March 2022
While the skin snip recruitment period in each of the villages of Essougli
Nachtigal and Ndjame lasted for at least 2 days
the research team was in Ndowe village only for 1 day because of logistical constraints; this explains why fewer participants were recruited from the latter site
We obtained the GPS coordinates of the breeding sites (where black fly larvae/pupae were identified) using a Garmin GPSMAP78 device
after which hourly biting rates were measured by counting the number of black flies in each container
some adult black flies were dissected in the field to determine parity rates and to detect Onchocerca spp
larvae; the remaining black flies were preserved in 95% ethanol for subsequent pool screening
z is the decision variable at confidence of 95% (z = 1.96)
and d is the sampling-related error risk (d = 0.05)
The minimum sample size for the study was thus estimated at 119 participants
ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board of the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board (Ref
IRB2021-03) as well as an approval from the Centre Regional Delegation of the Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon (Ref
1156/AP/MINSANTE/SG/DRSPC); a research permit from the Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation (Ref
an ABS-Nagoya Protocol Prior Informed Consent (Ref
00013/MINEPDED/CAN/NP-ABS/ABS-FP) from the Ministry of Environment
Protection of Nature and Sustainable Development
The consent of the village authorities was obtained for the research project
all participants signed an individual informed consent form
and the data obtained were treated confidentially
Continuous variables were expressed as mean with standard deviation (SD) and compared across groups using the Mann-Whitney U test or the Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate
Categorical data were expressed as percentages and compared using chi-squared tests
we used skin snip positivity as dependent variable to investigate factors associated with O
volvulus infection in a multiple logistic regression model
we constructed a negative binomial Poisson regression model (because of the over-dispersion of the dependent variable) to investigate predictors of microfilarial density among infected participants; the superiority of this model over the ordinary Poisson regression model was confirmed by the Vuong test
sex and other variables which produced a P-value &lt; 0.2 during univariate regression
The community microfilarial load (CMFL) for each village was calculated as the geometric mean of the individual mf load (to which the arbitrary value of 1 was added to have only non-zero values) in participants aged ≥ 20 years
considering only data from the 1 day every month during which black flies were dissected in each village
they were obtained by summing up the monthly transmission potentials for 12 consecutive months at each catching site
annual biting rates were the sums of the monthly biting rates for each site
two sided P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant
1.09 and 1.07 for the participants residing in Essougli
Of the 373 participants who reported to have ever taken ivermectin in all the study villages
202 (54.2%) confirmed that they received their most recent dose during the March 2021 CDTI session
volvulus infection among persons with epilepsy (PWE) (n = 24) and persons without epilepsy (n = 401)
we found that those with epilepsy were more often skin snip positive (45.8% vs 12.7%; χ2 = 19.93
P &lt; 0.001) and had higher microfilarial loads (9.2 ± 22.0 vs 0.7 ± 3.5 mf/skin snip; Mann-Whitney U-test
P &lt; 0.001) compared to their peers without epilepsy
Among participants with skin snip data, the multiple logistic regression model revealed that having epilepsy and residing in Essougli (compared to Ndjame) were significantly associated with increased odds of being infected with O. volvulus (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05585-0#Tab3">3</a>)
We investigated predictors of the microfilarial load in infected participants. The negative binomial Poisson regression model revealed that having epilepsy was associated with increased O. volvulus parasitic load, while there was a trend of decreasing microfilarial load with increasing level of education (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05585-0#Tab4">4</a>)
Although the variable “number of previous ivermectin doses” was not eligible to be included in any of the multivariable models (P &gt; 0.2 in univariate analyses)
we found that the median values for the number of previous ivermectin doses received by participants varied significantly across levels of education: 0 among those without education
seven for secondary education and six for the few participants with university education (Kruskal-Wallis test
7586 black flies were dissected during the 12 months with 5 (0.07%) found to be infected with the L3 larval form of O
These L3-infected black flies were distributed as follows: 2/4052 (0.05%) in Nachtigal and 3/3534 (0.08%) in Essougli
The annual transmission potentials in our study sites were 1479 for Nachtigal and 182 for Essougli
Of the 123 children between the ages of 3 and 6 years who were tested for Ov16 antibodies
the rapid diagnostic test results were positive in 8
giving a seroprevalence of 6.5% (95% CI 3.1–12.8)
There was no significant difference in Ov16 seroprevalence across villages (Fisher exact test with more than two categories
P = 0.467) or across ages (Fisher exact test with more than two categories
demonstrating increasing onchocerciasis burden with decreasing distance from the river
This can be explained by the fact that the Mbangassina area is crisscrossed by both the Sanaga River and its tributary
which probably increases the black fly population thereby increasing onchocerciasis transmission
we note that our study villages are not the most endemic hotspots in the district
implementing vector control activities in these two rivers will further plummet the transmission potentials and accelerate onchocerciasis elimination prospects
the ivermectin treatment had lowered the community microfilarial load in the study villages such that the probability of a black fly taking up mf during a blood meal would also be low
volvulus detection in black flies and humans every month until the next CDTI session would provide more insight into these infection dynamics
The low Ov16 seroprevalence in our study sites should be interpreted with caution as it could be influenced by the low age group we tested and our enrollment procedure at a fixed spot in the village which may have limited access for some children to participate
especially those living very close to the river
It could also be that the Ov16 antibody titers in the younger Cameroonians are relatively low
rendering the rapid diagnostic tests less sensitive in the 3–6 years age group
volvulus transmission may be relatively lower in our study villages compared to other sites
our data show that the Ntui Health District is still endemic for onchocerciasis and would benefit from optimal measures to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination
A major limitation of this work was the fact that recruitment was not done using a door-to-door approach
thereby introducing some selection bias for estimating the true prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy in the study villages
the fact that participants from different villages took part in the study provides some perspective regarding the spread of onchocerciasis across the different communities in the Ntui Health District
The datasets for our study findings are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
Onchocerciasis (river blindness)—more than a century of research and control
Stigma in neurological diseases in the tropics
Neglected tropical diseases and conditions of the nervous system
Forest onchocerciasis in Cameroon: its distribution and implications for selection of communities for control programmes
Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin
and the description of a new cytotype of Simulium squamosum
Entomologic study on the transmission of onchocerciasis in a forest-savanna transition area of Cameroon
Still mesoendemic onchocerciasis in two Cameroonian community-directed treatment with ivermectin projects despite more than 15 years of mass treatment
Impact of 19 years of mass drug administration with ivermectin on epilepsy burden in a hyperendemic onchocerciasis area in Cameroon
Epidemiology of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in the Mbam and Sanaga river valleys of Cameroon: impact of more than 13 years of ivermectin
Onchocerca volvulus and epilepsy: a comprehensive review using the Bradford Hill criteria for causation
The temporal relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy: a population-based cohort study
Chesnais CB, Bizet C, Campillo JT, Njamnshi WY, Bopda J, Nwane P, et al. A second population-based cohort study in Cameroon confirms the temporal relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa206" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1093/ofid/ofaa206">https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa206</a>
and practices with respect to epilepsy in the Batibo Health District Cameroon
Stigma and epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic regions in Africa: a review and recommendations from the onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy working group
Meta-analysis of epilepsy prevalence in West Africa and its relationship with onchocerciasis endemicity and control
Changes in epilepsy burden after onchocerciasis elimination in a hyperendemic focus of western Uganda: a comparison of two population-based
Slash and clear vector control for onchocerciasis elimination and epilepsy prevention: a protocol of a cluster randomised trial in Cameroonian villages
Prevalence of onchocerciasis after seven years of continuous community-directed treatment with ivermectin in the Ntui health district Centre region Cameroon
Distribution des filarioses dans une zone de transition savane-forêt du Cameroun
impact sur la prise en charge: cas de l’Aire de santé de Ntui
A clinical classification and grading system of the cutaneous changes in onchocerciasis
Comparison of visual acuity charts in young adults and patients with diabetic retinopathy
ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy
Le diagnostic parasitologique de l’onchocercose: revue critique des méthodes en usage
Standardization of criteria for assessing the effect of Simulium control in onchocerciasis control programmes
Relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy: a matched case-control study in the Mbam Valley
Prevalence of Onchocerciasis and Associated Factors among Adults Aged ≥ 15 Years in Semen Bench District
Southwest Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study
Onchocerciasis fingerprints in the geriatric population: does host immunity play a role
High infection rates for onchocerciasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children under five not receiving preventive chemotherapy: a bottleneck to elimination
High prevalence of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in villages in Maridi County
Republic of South Sudan: a community-based survey
Persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy and nodding seizures have a more severe form of epilepsy with more cognitive impairment and higher levels of Onchocerca volvulus infection
Influence of health education on community participation in rapid assessment of onchocerciasis prior to distribution of ivermectin
attitudes and practices and the treatment coverage after 15 years of mass drug administration with ivermectin in the Tombel Health District Cameroon
Onchocerciasis dynamics: modelling the effects of treatment
Prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection and efficacy of ivermectin in endemic communities in Ghana: a two-phase epidemiological study
Effect of single-dose ivermectin on Onchocerca volvulus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Differential susceptibility of Onchocerca volvulus microfilaria to ivermectin in two areas of contrasting history of mass drug administration in Cameroon: relevance of microscopy and molecular techniques for the monitoring of skin microfilarial repopulation within six months of direct observed treatment
The Role of the Maridi Dam in causing an onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy epidemic in Maridi
Association Between Ov16 Seropositivity and neurocognitive performance among children in Rural Cameroon: a pilot study
Socioeconomic impacts of elimination of onchocerciasis in Abu-Hamed focus
<a data-track="click" data-track-action="download citation references" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1186/s13071-022-05585-0?format=refman&amp;flavour=references">Download references</a>
We are grateful to various scientific collaborators who worked on the project
the population in the study villages as well as all the local authorities and volunteers for their participation
This project is part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (grant no
Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek &amp; Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
Leonard Ngarka &amp; Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Wepnyu Yembe Njamnshi &amp; Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek
Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and Environment (REFOTDE)
JNSF and AKN conceived and designed the study
PEA and AKN were involved in the fieldwork and data collection
JNSF cleaned and analyzed the data; JNSF wrote the first draft
ACZ-KB validated the de rmatological lesions and contributed to the revisios of the manuscript drafts and all authors read and approved the final manuscript
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional review board of the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board (Ref
IRB2021-03) and a research permit for the project was granted by Cameroon’s Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation (Ref
Informed consent was obtained from all study participants
Written informed consent was obtained from all persons described in this paper
The authors declare no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05585-0
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The conservator of Gumpti National Park in the Gashaka Local Government Council of Taraba State
has finally broken his silence on the controversies surrounding the procurement of a helicopter for the park by the Africa Nature Investors Foundation
Ntui said the helicopter is part of efforts to enhance security and protect the park from threats including banditry
Clarifying on Monday while playing host to journalists in his office located in the park
who viewed the procurement of the helicopter as a game changer
said the development has led to the improvement of surveillance in the park
Ntui emphasised that it allows rangers to quickly cover the park’s vast 6,731-square-kilometre area
has significantly improved their ability to respond to potential threats
He also noted that the helicopter is primarily used for surveillance and transporting rangers to various points within the park
have led to the reduction of the time previously spent trekking to remote duty posts within the park
who took his time to address rumours that the helicopter was involved in illegal mining
&#8220;The helicopter people are speculating about is used for surveillance
It is not used for lifting gold or diamonds,&#8221; he clarified
Reiterating that mining is strictly prohibited within the park
he highlighted the positive impact the helicopter has had on the park&#8217;s operations
is helping boost the efficiency and effectiveness of the rangers
While urging the public to support the foundation’s efforts
he called for collective action to elevate the park
which he described as Nigeria’s largest and most diverse conservation area
the first-class traditional ruler of Gashaka Council
who applauded the contributions of the foundation to the park
said the introduction of the helicopter has led to the reduction of the vices bedevilling the park
&#8220;This deployment has significantly improved security within the park and surrounding communities,&#8221; the monarch stated
He also acknowledged the numerous benefits brought by the foundation to local communities
expressing confidence that the partnership
along with support from the state and federal governments
will continue to enhance the lives of residents in the area
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The government of Cameroon has announced plans to develop a 400,000 ha land reserve along the Ntui-Yoko-Tibati to ease access to land for intensive agriculture
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Minader) confirmed the plans and said the project will help attract private economic operators and develop youth entrepreneurship in agriculture
According to the NGO Center for Environment and Development (CED
Cameroon&#8217;s land law excludes young people from access to land
which means that people under the age of 48 cannot access land titles through direct registration
although this document is required as collateral for a bank loan
 CED said this would exclude at least 87% of the Cameroonian population from carrying out big investments
the head of State instructed a land reform to facilitate investors&#8217; access to land to develop &#8220;second generation&#8221; agriculture
CED suggests that the law recognize the ownership of each village&#8217;s traditional land
civil society is asking the state to recognize the customary
and individual rights of communities by giving them ownership over land; legislate on food security for populations impacted by investment projects
It also suggests a law that defends the land rights of all citizens
Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is on the verge of upgrading the Gashaka Gumti National Park in Taraba State to a World Heritage Site
is the largest and most diversified wildlife park in West Africa
with a landmass of over 6,000 square kilometres
more than the size of some states in Nigeria
disclosed the development during an interview with journalists in his office at Gashaka
Ntui revealed that a team of UNESCO officials visited the park two weeks ago and would be visiting the park again on September 20 to finalise the planned upgrade
&#8220;The UNESCO team is working to upgrade Gashaka Gumti National Park to a World Heritage Site
They would carry out research and come out with documents that will qualify the park as a World Heritage Site&#8221;
He disclosed that Gashaka Gumti National Park was the most diversified park in Nigeria and very unique in flora and fauna
saying the park has 1,000 plant species and 102 mammalian species
expressed displeasure over the extinction of some of the animals in the park
Ntui stressed that the use of cheetah as the mascot of the 20 Battalion of the Nigerian Army in Serti was because of the presence of cheetah in the park
We have 60 species of fishes and 477 species of birds
The park is not just the largest in Nigeria
Chappal Wada (about 2,400 meters above sea level) is in the park
We used to have cheetah (that is why 20 Battalion has cheetah as their mascot).&#8221;
commended African Nature Investors (ANI) for restoring the security of the park and boosting the socio-economic life of the people living in the communities around the park
said the partnership between ANI and the National Park
had brought remarkable development to the local government
and economic empowerment to residents of the area
&#8220;The partnership of ANI with the National Park has engendered tremendous transformation of the park and the communities around the park
I enjoin other well-meaning organisations to also emulate ANI and partner the National Park to further develop the park.&#8221;
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(Business in Cameroon) - Selected as the provisional successful bidder for the construction of the Ntui-Mankim road section (96.7 km)
the Chinese company Sinohydro is currently the subject of disagreements between members of the Arbitration Commission of the Ministry of Public Contracts (Minmap)
The meetings were convened by the Minister of Public Contracts Ibrahim TALBA MALLA to rule as a last resort on two unfavorable opinions (of the Central Road Procurement Control Commission-CCCM-TR) contested by the Ministry of Public Works (MINTP)
the Minister of Public Contracts had to suspend the works of the Arbitration Commission because of fierce arguments between members f the said commission
While some of the members agreed with the unfavorable opinion of the CCCM-TR
others were questioning such decision to eliminate the Chinese company from the process
the CCCM-TR explained that its financial offer was higher than the budget set for lot 2B "Ndjolè-Mankim"
while the provisional all taxes included budget set by the tender documents is XAF24.26 billion
Sinohydro made an all-taxes-included financial offer of XAF28.29 billion
which is more than XAF4.5 billion higher than the provisional budget
the environmentalist presented by Sinohydro is not compliant with the provisions of the tender documents
The said environmentalist has never been involved in a project of this scale and does not have the experience required by the tender document
which is an eliminatory criterion according to the CCCM-TR
"If Cameroon selects Sinohydro despite all the shortcomings observed
the main financial backer [the African Development Bank namely] could withdraw from the project and the other companies that submitted their offers could sue Cameroon,” a member of the commission commented
The Minister of Public Works’ disagreement 
Before the case was brought to the Arbitration Commission of the Ministry of Public Contracts
he previously referred the matter to the CCCM-TR
he sent a letter to the CCCM-TR concerning the resumption of works on the Ntui-Mankim section
he acknowledged receipt of the letter by which the CCCM-TR was notifying him of its unfavorable opinion concerning the proposal to award the contract to THE Chinese company
He then explained that the reasons stated by the CCCM-TR were not specific enough and though they were supposed to be based on a report concluded on November 11
it is far from the conclusion made by the said expert
“The CCCM-TR expert’s report leads to the same proposal as the one transmitted to you
there is clearly a contradiction between the conclusions of your Commission and the expert's report [...] in view of the foregoing and in application of the provisions of Article 179 of the Market Code
I am sending you the bid analysis report for a new diligent examination," he wrote
Because of the Minister of Public Works and the CCCM-TR’s divergent conclusions
the Arbitration Commission was asked to rule
And under Article 19 of Cameroon's Public Procurement Code
only the Minister of Public Procurement can award the contract through mechanisms that preserve fairness and transparency
it should be recalled that Sinohydro was selected as the provisional winner of the contract to build the road section connecting the Central region to the North in 2016
which are large agriculture and animal farming regions
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<a href="/public-management/3004-14631-paul-biya-appoints-johnny-razack-as-chair-of-cameroon-s-national-investment-company">Paul Biya Appoints Johnny Razack as Chair of Cameroon’s National Investment Company</a>
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(Business in Cameroon) - The contract for the construction of the 96.7-km Ntui-Mankim road will finally be awarded to the Chinese firm China Rail Way 20
the regional director for Central Africa for the AfDB - which is the main financial backer in this road project- notified Minister of Public Works Emmanuel Nganou Djoumessi of his non-objection to the choice of contractor
I would like to notify you that the bank (the AfDB) has approved your suggestion to award the contracts for lots 2A and 2B to China Rail Way 20 at the respective pre-tax amounts of XAF 29,710,760,098 and XAF 20,121,806,822 [ or XAF49.8 &nbsp;billion overall],” the regional director wrote
Serge N’Guessan adds that the Minister of Public Works must also extend the deadlines
whether China Rail Way 20 has the required equipment for the works to be performed and has taken the necessary actions to bring the earth-moving equipment to the sites within the regulatory deadlines
which is 60 days after the reception of the work order
The contractor must also change the project manager on lot 2A and the environment expert on lot 2B
All the documentary proofs as well as the contracts signed by the Ministry of Public Works and China Rail Way 20 must be transmitted to the AfDB for its approval before the deals are finalized
The Ntui-Mankim road is part of the Nationale nº&nbsp;15 Batchenga-Ntui-Yoko-Lena-Tibati asphalting project
The works were initially entrusted to Portuguese firm Elevolution Engenharia (Elevo) but that contract was terminated on October 4
A new process was launched to select a new contractor during which Sinohydro was selected
Its selection was however challenged and after three sessions of the arbitration commission of the Ministry of Public Contracts
Minister Ibrahim Talba Malla asked his peer at the Ministry of Public Works to convene a new meeting of the sub-commission in charge of bid reviews to analyze the submissions
the Minister of Public Works notified the AfDB’s representative that the said public tender procedure was unsuccessful
That new review led to the selection of China Rail Way 20
(Business in Cameroon) - The National Investment Corporation of Cameroon (SNI) is currently looking for a firm to take care of feseability studies for a corn processing plant in Ntui
the corporation issued a call for expression of interest asking interested parties to submit their offers
The project consists of the development of cornfields
the production of improved seeds as well as the construction of a processing plant for corn grits and popcorn production
the SNI will not only boost its project portfolio but will also contribute to an increase in the local production of corn derivatives including grits
whose current volume is insufficient to meet the demand of local brewing companies
the SNI’s project will facilitate another corn by-product production project carried out by SABC
that is supposed to inaugurate a corn grits production plant in September 2021
With a 30,000 tons yearly production capacity
SABC will end its corn grits imports by complementing its production with the additional 10,000 grits it buys yearly from MAISCAM
To be able to produce the 30,000 tons of corn grits
the plant will need about 60,000 tons of corn from local farmers (supported by the SABC)
Hence the interest of the SNI’s project that will provide improved corn seeds
(Business in Cameroon) - There is a new development in the case delaying the construction of <a href="/construction/1201-11180-public-contracts-ntui-mankim-road-construction-works-delayed-by-disagreements-over-the-awarding-of-construction-contract-to-chinese-sinohydro">the 96.7 km Ntui-Mankim road</a>
Chinese construction company&nbsp;Sinohydro was selected as the provisional successful bidder for the contract worth about XAF30 billion but its selection was dividing various parties involved
The three meetings held by the Arbitration Commission of the Ministry of Public Procurement (Minmap) to discuss the selection proved unsuccessful because of disagreements between its members
the public procurement authority Ibrahim Talba Malla (photo) asked his peer of the Public Works Emanuel Nganou to convene a new meeting of the sub-commission in charge of bid review to analyze the case that has already received two unfavorable rulings from the Central Commission for the Control of Road Contracts (CCCM-TR) for "irregularities." He also provided various explanations inviting his peer to  review the offers again by taking into account his observations
The first observation he made was that the draft bidding document (DAO) transmitted by the project owner (the Mintp) to the&nbsp;CCCM-TR was different from the one provided to bidders
the project owner substantially modified an eliminatory criterion validated by the CCCM-TR (before the DAO was sent to the lessor for its no-objection opinion) without even notifying the commission (CCCM-TR)
"The draft bidding documents transmitted by the Mintp to the CCCM-TR stipulates that the bidder will be deemed to have qualified personnel if at least 80% of the employees pass the evaluation
the proper draft bidding document sent to interested bidders states that to be considered as having qualified personnel
100% of the bidder’s personnel should pass the evaluation,"&nbsp;he indicated
He added that as the DAO was unilaterally modified
the CCCM-TR was right to provide its unfavorable opinion
as Sinohydro was selected based on that unilaterally modified DAO
the CCCM-TR was right to veto the awarding of that contract
going against the Mintp’s argument that CCCM-TR’s decision was against its expert Yos Guillaume’s conclusions
the Minmap deemed it important to remind that for cases reviewed by public procurement awarding and controlling commissions
the conclusions of evaluation commissions and experts could by no means be considered as the awarding and controlling commission’s conclusions and the latter is not supposed to formulate similar conclusions
you can not base your rejection of the CCCM-TR’s decision on the expert’s conclusions since they were not validated by the CCCM-TR
The CCCM-TR’s opinion is authoritative," he wrote
the China Railway 20 Bureau Group Corporation (CR20) was selected for the construction of Ntui-Ndjolé (60 km) and Ndjolé-Mankim (36.7 km) roads as well as 73 km of communal roads
According to a briefing note published by the Ministry of Public Works
the Chinese firm was already active on-site and currently
works are 1.152% completed for Ntui-Ndolé and the communal roads against 1% for Ndjolé-Mankim
The Ministry also informed that the studies previously carried out by Portuguese firm Elevolution (the construction firm first selected for the works before being driven out of the project on October 4
and those related to engineering structures are expected from the Chinese company.&nbsp;
To start producing granulates in the framework of the project
CR20 carried out visual reconnaissance of the Yalongo quarry and compliance studies are awaited
The overall amount of the contract awarded to the Chinese firm is about XAF60 billion for works scheduled to be delivered in 24 months
the company has already received close to XAF11.8 billion of advance payment.&nbsp;&nbsp;
The development of the Ntui-Ndjolé-Mankim road section is part of the Batchenga - Ntui - Yoko - Tibati - Ngaoundéré highway project
This project is in line with the Cameroonian government’s strategy to modernize and upgrade sectors that support economic development
The said strategy includes developing a transport system that reduces transport costs
and integrates regional economies.&nbsp;&nbsp;
The construction of this highway will reduce travel time between the center of the country and the north
It will consolidate Cameroon’s role as a transit country since it opens to connect to Chad
(Business in Cameroon) - The French Development Agency (AFD in French) will finance
the project to construct the road linking Batschenga and Ntui
located in the Littoral region of Cameroon
This funding will also be used to build a bridge over the Sanaga River which crosses both towns
This is what a presidential decree published on 12 January 2016 revealed
authorising the Cameroonian Minister of Economy
to sign the corresponding credit convention with AFD
the stretch of road concerned by the funding is part of a global paving project to pave 598 km of road between the central region of Cameroon (Batschenga-Yoko-Ntui-Lena) and Adamaoua
in the northern part if the country (Tibati-Ngaoundéré)
this road project is "one of the Cameroonian links necessary to facilitate inter-States transport in Central Africa
a landlocked country which gets its supplies mainly through the Douala Port"
(Business in Cameroon) - While the lot 4 (44.9-km Yoko-Lena section) of the Nationale n°&nbsp;15 Batchenga (Centre)-Ntui-Yoko-Lena-Tibati (Adamaoua) has been completed already
the five other sections are still under construction
The progress of three of them is relatively good
These are the Batchenga-Ntui (lot&nbsp;1) and Léna-Sengbé-Tibati (lots&nbsp;5 and 6) sections
works are 58% completed on lot 1 and are handled by French company Razel
Apart from the long-range bridge being constructed over the Sanaga river in Nachtigal
the company has started the pavement works and the first kilometers of pavement are already visible
The ground layer is being laid from Nachtigal-Ntui to pk 17 +800
8&nbsp;kilometers of coating has already been laid between Batchenga and Nachtigal (10&nbsp;km)
As far as the bridge over the Sanaga river is concerned
15 out of the planned 32 cones at the Batchenga side are being built along with 14 out of the 32 cones planned for the Ntui side
“The company plans to accelerate works at the start of the dry season,” the ministry indicates
works are 40.47% completed by Satom despite the pluviometry and problems encountered when residents had to free the spaces along the section’s track
the company is preparing the laying of pavement layers with the realization of the test board for the ground layer at the 122 + 650-kilometer point
by the company’s mobilization on the field this month (October 2019)
Lots&nbsp;2 and 3 that include the 180-km Ntui-Mankim-Yoko section are a source of concerns
the works entrusted to Portuguese group Elevolution Engenharia (Elevo) are trampling
the minister of public works Emmanuel Nganou Djoumessi even cancelled the Elevo’s contract for lot 2 ( 96.7-km Ntui-Mankim section)
“The renovation of &nbsp;Nationale N°&nbsp;15
is a strong symbol of the head of states’ will to densify national economy and consolidate Cameroon’s position in the Central African sub-region
with an ongoing investment of about XAF360 billion in a complex economic environment,” the ministry of public environment says
(Business in Cameroon) - Chinese company Sinohydro
winner of lot 4 for the construction of Batchenga-Ntui-Yoko-Lena-Tibati road
has delivered its Yoko-Lena (44.9&nbsp;km) section as planned in the deadlines
This was revealed by the Cameroonian minister of public works
users are already able to easily circulate along the paved 44.9 km itinerary that connects Yoko to Lema in the central region
Yoko-Lena is the first section of the Nationale N°15 to be completed
The completed road is an R80 (reference speed of 80&nbsp;km/h) and R60 (reference speed 60&nbsp;km/h) category infrastructure
This means that depending on the track being crossed
the reference speeds should be either 80 km/h or 60 km/h
a 2.5&nbsp;km road has also been constructed in Yoko
This cross-section is a 10-meter platform that includes roadway of two 3.5-meter roads and two 1.5-meter roadsides at the rural bend area
Sinohydro also placed empty tubes for optical fibres
The lot 4 was funded (XAF19.61 billion) by the AfDB and Cameroon
Sinohydro was chosen to pave the 7-meter large road and build related infrastructures that will improve residents’ living conditions
The consortium Cira/Bec/la Routière was chosen to monitor the works on this lot as well as on lot 2 and 3 for XAF5.43 billion
It’s a real ordeal for the populations of Ntui
a rich agricultural locality situated in the Central region of Cameroon
To transport their farm products to the cities
they have to cross the Sanaga River by ferry
which are also transported by ferry or by boat
An average of CFAF 5,000 per head is paid to carry them across by boat
the ferry-boarding fee has to be paid and this contributes to increasing the price of foodstuffs
the food rots and patients die in villages because they have no means of being evacuated to Yaoundé
Cocoa producers are deducted 10 CFAF per kilogramme of cocoa sold to touts (buyers)
This amount is said to cushion extra costs generated by the breakdown of the ferry
The same situation was experienced very recently in March 2012 when the populations of Ntui spent seven months without a ferry due to its breakdown
was the title of an article wrote at that time by the paper ‘La Voix du Paysan’
the ferry which connects Nachtigal village to the city of&nbsp; Ntui
with close&nbsp; to 200 passengers and seven vehicles on board diverted 10 km away from the&nbsp; landing point
the shortest and most used exit goes via Obala
one has to necessarily cross River Sanaga by ferry
The river is situated 12 km from the city of Ntui
it is also the shortcut for cattle transported from the ‘Grand Nord’ of Cameroon.The populations have been expecting the construction of the bridge on this route for over three decades
Mr Ayissi introduced as head of Ehongo village near River Sanaga said he was disgusted to talk about this problem
he told ‘La voix du Paysan’ that he cannot go to Yaoundé with his car anymore because the trip will be too expensive
“When will there be a final solution to this problem
Is it forbidden to build us a bridge like that of Ebebda?” he wondered
Planning and Territorial Development say that the technical studies for the construction of the bridge over the Sanaga in Natchigal have been available since September 2010
It involves building a 850 m bridge over River Sanaga in Natchigal which links the localities of Batchenga and Ntui
The overall cost of the project is estimated at CFAF 24 billion (€ 40 million)
It is a project which can be delivered within three years and the Cameroonian government would like the bridge to be operational in 2015
(Business in Cameroon) - If care is not taken
Cameroon could lose the funding of the African Development Bank (AfDB) related to the Ring Road (the 365km Kumbo-Nkambe-Misaje axis)
and Bogo-Pouss (63.17 km) whose procurement procedures have not been completed for over a year now.&nbsp;
AfDB regional director for the Central African region
revealed his concerns to Minister of Public Works (MINTP) Emmanuel Nganou Djoumessi
"This incomprehensible situation affects the performance of our portfolio and changes the status of those two operations [Ntui-Mankim and Bogo-Pouss] to the category of risky projects
Our concern is even greater because the remaining funds for the Road Sector Support Project (RSSP) 1 and 2 could be canceled if nothing is done to change their current status by November 15
2021(...) At less than 16 months to the deadline for the last disbursement in the framework of RSSP 1 and 2
construction work on the Ntui-Mankim-Yoko and Bogo-Pouss roads is still pending,” the letter informed.&nbsp;
As far as the Ring Road project is concerned
Serge N’Guessan explains that commitments were made when signing the AfDB’s loan agreement (ed
note: in June 2021) that specific measures would be taken to relaunch the tender process for the Kumbo-Nkambe-Misaje road section and construction works would start before end 2021
there has been no answer to the proposal submitted by the AfDB teams in that regard
&nbsp;"In light of the development in the procurement case
we would like to express our concerns about those commitments,” he wrote asking the MINTP to take urgent measures to avoid the cancellation of those funding lines.&nbsp;
The overall funds that could be pulled out are estimated at XAF188 billion
XAF106 billion is for the Ring Road formed by the Bamenda-Bambui-Ndop-Babessi-Kumbo-Nkambe-Misaje-Nyos-Wum-Bafut-Bamenda road loop with several connections to the Nigerian border
from Misaje notably.&nbsp; At the same time
XAF50 billion is for the Ntui-Mankim road and&nbsp; XAF32 billion for the Bogo-Pouss road project.&nbsp;
China Railway was awarded the construction contract but
which took part in the tender procedure launched on May 15
filed an appeal before the public procurement regulator ARMP (on August 1
ARMP asked the contract to be awarded to Sinohydro
the AfDB had already issued a no-objection certificate to China Railway as the selected contractor
the MINTP is requesting another certificate of no-objection for Sinohydro
As far as the Bogo-Pouss road project is concerned
the public procurement authority CCCM-TR opposed the selection of Tunisian firm Soroubat as the preferred bidder
Soroubat’s bid (XAF50 billion) is higher than the XAF32 billion bid submitted by its immediate competitor Gitto Costruzioni Generali Nigeria
believing that Gitto is underbid and is not financially capable to handle the project
the MINTP decided to declare the tender process unsuccessful.&nbsp;
the Librarian of the University of Calabar (UNICAL)
has distanced herself from an article claiming she is set to endorse Peter Obi
presidential candidate of the Labour Party (LP)
A recently published <a href="https://www.opinionnigeria.com/2023-notable-unical-prof-set-to-endorse-peter-obi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article</a> claimed <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aniebiet-Ntui" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ntui, a professor of library and information science,</a> will soon formally announce her support for Obi and his running mate
The article further claimed Ntui was named as a possible minister of education in the &#8220;Obi-Datti administration&#8221;
Ntui said she has no plans to endorse any political party or candidate ahead of the 2023 general elections
The UNICAL librarian noted that she has no interest in “any divisive issues or any political appointments&#8221;
The professor said she is fully committed to her job as the librarian at UNICAL
“My attention has been drawn to an article regarding my endorsement of a certain political party and its presidential candidate ahead of the 2023 general elections,&#8221; the statement reads
“I am fully committed to my position at the University of Calabar and I am not in any way interested in any divisive issues or any political appointments
“I have no plans to endorse any candidate for the elections.&#8221;
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The University of Calabar Governing Council has appointed Aniebiet Inyang Ntui
The appointment conveyed in a letter signed by the University Registrar
the appointment came on the heels of her success at the interview conducted on Thursday
The letter also states that the University Governing Council approved the recommendation of the selection Board
hence the appointment of Inyang as the University librarian
she will be responsible to the Vice Chancellor
for the administration of the University library
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(Business in Cameroon) - The Minister of Public Works (Mintp) Emmanuel Nganou Djoumessi is scheduled to take partial delivery of the 167.22 km long Lena-Tibati-Ngatt road section today March 10
The road section concerned is part of the National Road No
15 (Batchenga-Ngaoundéré) that connects the Central region to&nbsp; Ngaoundéré
Its provisional acceptance comes after the Batchenga-Ntui section (21.3 km)
which cost XAF34.52 billion and was delivered in December 2020
It also comes after the delivery of the Yoko-Léna section (45.241 km)
233.7 kilometers of road sections have been delivered on the Batchenga-Ngaoundéré corridor.&nbsp;
Several sections (78.8 kilometers overall) are still under construction
They include Lot 2 A Ntui-Ndjolé (60 km) [with 73 km of communal roads] and Lot 2 B Ndjolé-Mankim (36.7 km) whose work was entrusted to China Railway 20 Bureau Group Corporation (CR20) in late 2021.&nbsp;
The company is already on site to resume the construction works that were withdrawn from Portuguese firm Elevolution Engenharia SA (Elevo)
The contract is valued at XAF60 billion [for works to be delivered in 24 months] but the&nbsp; Chinese firm has received close to XAF11.8 billion of cash advance
The Mankim-Yoko section (82.10 km) is currently being built by Elevo for an amount of XAF46.14 billion with the consortium Cira S.A./Bec la Routière as the technical supervisor.&nbsp;&nbsp;
to complete the Batchenga-Ngaoundéré corridor
the Ngatt-Ngaoundéré section (185 km) needs to be paved
the government is discussing the mobilization of joint State of Cameroon-Islamic Development Bank-European Union funding
The Ministry of Public Works explains that the Batchenga-Ntui-Yoko-Tibati-Ngaoundéré road is an important north-south trade route linking the capital Yaoundé to the Centre
Through a network of runways connected to the highway
it will also provide access to several towns and villages.&nbsp;
The charitable association of the First Lady was in Ntui to offer gifs to Internally Displaced Persons from the North West and South West Regions
&quot;Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) of the North West and South West Regions residing in Mbam and Kim Division of the Centre Region say &quot;Thank You&quot; to Mrs Chantal Biya spouse of the Head of State
for her unrelenting actions to assist the needy.&quot; The message was clearly written on a banner yesterday December 13
2021 in the locality of Ntui as a delegation of the Circle of Friends of Cameroon (CERAC) went to visit IDPs with food stuff and didactic material for their children
Leading the CERAC&#39;s delegation as personal representative of the First Lady of Cameroon was Mrs Mbah Acha Fomudam Rose Ngwari
Minister Delegate at the Presidency in charge of Supreme State Audit
She is also CERAC&#39;s Regional Delegate for the North West
On hand to receive the special delegation was the local and administrative authorities as well as the IDPs who had come from all the localities in the Mbam and Kim Division to say &quot;Thank You&quot; to their benefactor
On behalf of the IDPs Nfor Wilfred Tembong said &quot;Thank You
Mrs Chantal Biya for your motherly gesture to us by providing school needs and food items to facilitate our education
you have placed literacy at the heart of development.&quot;&nbsp; 
Nfor Tembong added that the gifts are coming at the right time as the Covid-19 pandemic has not made life easy for them coupled with the crisis in the North West and South West Regions which has forced them out of their regions to seek refuge in Ntui
He acknowledged the fact that the legendary hospitality of the people of Ntui makes them to feel at home
On behalf of school children he promised they will use the gifts to become good citizens for the nation
Out of the 430 Internally Displaced Learners found in the Ntui subdivision
the Divisional Delegate of Secondary Education for Mbam and Kim
Jean-Claude Wouri said 95 to 98 per cent are from the North West Region
the massive arrival of learners required a paradigm of practices which are the cornerstone in the English-speaking sub-system examination
Mr Wouri said CERAC&#39;s humanitarian caravan is timely with solutions to some of their problems
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Three key projects are set to transform the municipality into an El Dorado as residents and the town are already benefiting from the projects around the River Sanaga
Five Buea peripheral villages are now linked by a 10-kilometre stretch of road enabling produce evacuation and greater mobility
The contract for the construction of the 96.7-km Ntui-Mankim road
which was awarded to Portuguese firm Elevolution Engenharia (Elevo)
and to Sinohydro will finally be re-awarded to China Rail Way 20 Bureau Group Corporation
the regional director for Central Africa for the African Development Bank (AfDB)
which is the main financial backer in this project
I would like to notify you that the bank has approved your suggestion to award the US$ 53.4M lot 2A and the US$ 36M lot 2B contracts to China Rail Way 20,” wrote the regional director in a letter to the Minister of Public Works Emmanuel Nganou Djoumessi
<a href="https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/nigeria/five-concrete-roads-in-nigeria-to-add-274-9-km-to-road-network/">Also Read: Five concrete roads in Nigeria to add 274.9 km to the road network</a>
Serge N’Guessan said that the Minister of Public Works must extend the deadlines for the completion of the road project
check whether China Rail Way 20 has the required equipment for the works to be performed within a reasonable period and if it has taken the necessary actions to bring the earth-moving equipment to the sites within the stipulated time
The proposed contractor on the other hand should ensure its offers including the guarantees submitted
It must also change the project manager on lot 2A and the environment expert on lot 2B
as well as the contracts signed by the two parties
must be forwarded to the AfDB for approval before the deals are finalized
The Ntui-Mankim road is part of the approximately 248.6 km long Batschenga-Ntui-Yoko-Lena road is a segment of national highways NH15 (Batschenga-Tibati) and NH6 (Tibati-Mambal)
It runs through the Centre and Adamaoua Regions of the country
specifically straddling the Mbam et Kim (Ntui) and Djérem (Tibati) Divisions
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Gashaka Gumti National Park Services Taraba state
Joseph Assam Ntui has said the intervention of African Nature&#8217;s Investors was a motivation to the operations of the Gumti National Park Services
Assam Ntui made the declaration while speaking with NIGERIAN NEWSPOINTER in office in Serti
According to Conservator Park ANI has boosted the mural of National Park Services with logistics and enhanced other areas of the Operations through funding
Assam Ntui attributed the activities of the African Nature Investors ANI
foundation in Gashaka Gumti National Park as commendable attributed some of the activities of the African Nature Investors ANI
foundation in Gashaka as skills acquisition for the vulnerable woman and youths empowerment
&#8220;With this it has enhanced and improved operations
to attract more tourists coming to the park
The Conservator of Park lauded ANI for the provision of chopper Helicopter to patrol hard to reach areas which has ease  operations in protecting wildlife and natural habitats
Assam Ntui debunked the rumors that the Ranges are involved in the activities of mining in the park
&#8220;You can witness helicopter dropping during quick responds and the improvements of other facilities has attracted more tourists to the Gumti National Park the herders and other illegal activities in the park have been curtailed
&#8220;The hitherto illegal mining activities have been stopped as several arrests had been made and handed over to the appropriate authorities for prosecution,&#8221; he said
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