The male Athlete of the Week is Evergreen basketball player George Allendorf. Allendorf had nine field goals, three of them from behind the arc, and a free throw for a game-high 22 points in Evergreen’s 81-57 sectional final win over Elmwood.
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Volume 16 - 2022 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.917884">https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.917884</a>
Neuraminidase 1 (Neu1) hydrolyses terminal sialic acid residues from glycoproteins and glycolipids
but can be released onto the surface of activated myeloid cells and microglia
We report that endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia released Neu1 into culture medium
and knockdown of Neu1 in microglia reduced both Neu1 protein and neuraminidase activity in the culture medium
Release of Neu1 was reduced by inhibitors of lysosomal exocytosis
and accompanied by other lysosomal proteins
Extracellular neuraminidase or over-expression of Neu1 increased microglial phagocytosis
while knockdown of Neu1 decreased phagocytosis
Microglial activation caused desialylation of microglial phagocytic receptors Trem2 and MerTK
and increased binding to Trem2 ligand galectin-3
Culture media from activated microglia contained Neu1
and when incubated with neurons induced their desialylation
and increased the neuronal death induced by low levels of glutamate
Direct desialylation of neurons by adding sialidase or inhibiting sialyltransferases also increased glutamate-induced neuronal death
We conclude that activated microglia can release active Neu1
and this can both increase microglial phagocytosis and sensitize neurons to glutamate
little is known about microglial lysosomal exocytosis and its function and consequences in the CNS
Here we report that LPS induces microglia to release a neuraminidase activity that is reduced by Neu1 knockdown or by inhibition of lysosomal exocytosis
Neu1 protein was present is cell culture supernatant
and eliminated by Neu1 knockdown in the cells
The lysosomal protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA) was also found in cell culture supernatant in association with Neu1
suggesting that the released Neu1 was active and derived from the lysosomal compartment
we report that desialylation of neurons induced by adding either: (i) a sialyltransferase inhibitor
(ii) sialidase or (iii) conditioned media from LPS-treated microglia
sensitizes neurons to glutamate-induced cell death
All chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and cell culture reagents were from Thermo Fischer
sialyltransferase inhibitor 3-Fax-peracetyl Neu5Ac
FITC-labeled peanut agglutinin were from Sigma
Anti-Neu1 antibody (clone F8) was from Santa Cruz
anti-Lamp1 antibody (clone 1D4B) was from Biolegend
anti-MAP2 antibody (PA5-17646) was from Thermo Fischer
siRNAs and LysoTracker Green DND-26 dye were from Thermo Fischer
Gal-3 was a kind gift from Tomas Deierborg
Primary or BV-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 100 ng/ml or vehicle (distilled water) for 18 or at 1 &#x03BC;g/ml for 6 hr
Cells were pre-treated with BAPTA-AM at 10 &#x03BC;M or vacuolin-1 at 400 nM for 1hr prior to LPS stimulation
Mixed neuronal-glial co-cultures were desialylated by addition of sialidase at 80 mU/ml for 5 h or by addition of 3-Fax-peracetyl Neu5Ac for 24 h at 100 &#x03BC;M
Sodium glutamate was added at 100 &#x03BC;M for 5-6 h
BV-2 microglia were desialylated by addition of sialidase (from V
BV-2 cells or primary mouse microglia were treated with LPS or vehicle for 18 h
Culture supernatants were collected and centrifuged at 500 g to remove detached cells
Supernatants were cleared from debris by further centrifuging at 15.000 g for 20 min and subsequently concentrated 20-fold (BV-2) or 100-fold (primary microglia) using a 10 kDa cut-off filter (Merck Millipore)
Samples were heated for 10 min at 95&#x00B0;C in LDS sample buffer (Life Technologies) and DTT (final concentration 50 mM) and loaded onto a precast 4-12% bis-tris NuPage polyacrylamide gel (Life Technologies)
Samples from three independent culture preparations were run in duplicate and separated for 45-50 min at 200 V in MOPS SDS running buffer (Life Technologies)
Using the NuPage Transblot system (Life Technologies) protein samples were transferred from gel onto a PVDF membrane
Membrane was directly transferred into blocking buffer (5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk in TBS-T) for 1 h and equal loading checked by PonceauS staining
The membrane was incubated over night at 4 &#x00B0;C with either anti-Neu1 (SantaCruz
Membranes were washed three times in TBS-T on the following day and incubated with an IRDye800-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody or IRDye680-conjugated anti-mouse antibody (both at 1: 10,000) for 1 h at room temperature
Membrane was washed three times with TBS-T
Detection was carried out using the LICOR system and band intensities were quantified using Image Studio software
Live neuronal-glial co-cultures were subjected to nuclear stains Hoechst 33342 (10 &#x03BC;g/ml) and propidium iodide (1 &#x03BC;g/ml) for 15 min at room temperature
Images were taken using the 20x objective of an epifluorescent microscope (Leica DM16000 CS) and propidium iodide positive cells counted using an Image J plugin
Healthy neurons were recognized by their distinct nuclear morphology
Per well four microscopic fields were quantified for a single experiment with n = 2 wells per condition
Culture supernatants of LPS or vehicle treated BV-2 microglia were incubated with anti PPCA antibody (Proteintech
15020-1-AP) or rabbit normal IgG isotype control antibody (Southern Biotech) at 2.5 &#x03BC;g/ml for 4 h at 4&#x00B0;C under constant agitation
Protein G agarose (Thermo Fischer) was washed twice in PBS and added to the supernatants for 2 h at 4&#x00B0;C under agitation
Protein G agarose was washed twice and resuspended in PBS before assaying neuraminidase activity
For Neu1 pull down followed by Western blot analysis
BV-2 culture supernatants were concentrated 20-fold with a 10 kDa cut-off filter (Merck Millipore) and incubated with anti-Neu1 antibody (Clone F8
Santa Cruz) at 3 &#x03BC;g/ml for 4 h at 4&#x00B0;C under agitation
Pull down was performed as described above
Protein G agarose was boiled in LDS sample buffer supplemented with DTT for 10 min at 95&#x00B0;C
SDS-PAGE and Western blot was performed as described in immunoblotting
MerTK pulldown and stainings was performed as previously described (<a href="#B23">Nomura et al., 2017</a>). For receptor desialylation assay TREM2-FLAG construct was transduced using lentivirus into BV-2 microglia as reported previously (<a href="#B2">Allendorf et al., 2020b</a>)
FLAG-expressing or control cells were subjected to LPS (100 ng/ml
Lysates from FLAG expressing or control cells were pre-cleared for 1 h with protein A/G magnetic beads (ThermoFischer) and anti-FLAG antibody (M2
Sigma) was added over night at 4&#x00B0;C at 5 &#x03BC;g per 0.5 mg protein
FLAG epitope was pulled down over 4 h with protein A/G magnetic beads
Beads were stained with FITC-labeled peanut agglutinin (15 &#x03BC;g/ml) or TAMRA-labeled Gal-3 (10 &#x03BC;g/ml) for 20 min at room temperature
Mean fluorescence of lectin-stained beads were assessed by flow cytometry
Endogenous neuraminidase activity in serum-free culture supernatants was assessed by an Amplex Red Neuraminidase Assay Kit (Life Technologies
CA) following the manufacturer&#x2019;s instructions
100,000 cells were cultured in phenol red-free DMEM and treated with LPS (100 ng/ml)
18 h post treatment supernatants were taken and spun down at 500 g to remove any detached cells
Supernatants were then subjected to a reagent mix containing 50 &#x03BC;M Amplex Red reagent
2 unit/ml galactose oxidase (from Dactylium dendroides) and 250 &#x03BC;g/ml fetuin (from fetal calf serum) in reaction buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2) and 1 mM CaCl2 for 30 min at 37&#x00B0;C
Fluorescence was measured on an Optima Plate Reader (BMG Technologies) with 530 nm excitation and 590 nm emission detection
To measure proteolytic activity of cathepsins in culture supernatants, we modified existing protocols using the well-described cathepsin substrate Z-Phe-Arg-4-amido-7-methylcoumarin (Z-Phe-Arg-AMC) (<a href="#B4">Barrett, 1980</a>)
50 &#x03BC;l culture supernatants from 100,000 BV-2 microglia were added to 200 &#x03BC;l of 100 &#x03BC;M Z-Phe-Arg-AMC in pH 4.5 sodium acetate buffer
We used phenol-red free and serum-free DMEM for these experiments
After 30-60 min incubation at 37&#x00B0;C we measured fluorescence of samples in a plate reader at excitation 335 nm and emission 460 nm
BV-2 cells at 70-80% confluency were subjected to a lipid: siRNA mix containing 3% (v/v) Lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen) and 60 pmol of either Neu1-targeting or scrambled siRNA (both Thermo Fischer) in serum free OptiMEM (Gibco)
Transfection medium was removed after 3 h incubation at 37&#x00B0;C and replaced by DMEM containing 10% FBS
24 h post transfection BV- 2 cells were detached
counted and seeded at appropriate density in low serum DMEM
Treatments were routinely applied to cells 24 h post transfection
RNA was extracted with the Qiagen RNease Mini Kit at 24 h post transfection and cDNA was synthesized using SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase kit (Invitrogen)
Neu1 expression was assessed by qPCR using the Platinum SYBR Green qPCR SuperMix (ThermoFischer) and a RotorGene Q machine (Qiagen)
Primers for Neu1 were fwd 5&#x2032;-TTCATCGCCATGAGGAGGTCCA and rev 5&#x2032;-AAAGGGAATGCCGCTCACTCCA
Fluorescent and carboxylated 5 &#x03BC;m beads (Spherotech) were added at 0.005% (w/v) for 3 h to BV-2 cells
cells washed several times with cold PBS and subsequently detached by trypsinization
Uptake of beads into cells was assessed by flow cytometry (Accuri C6 BD): At least 5,000 cells were analyzed for each treatment replicate
Bead-uptake could be observed in the red fluorescent channel due to the coupling of the beads to the Nile red dye and for each experiment the percentage of cells containing beads was assessed
Analysis of data was performed using Graphpad Prism (Vers
6.0) and data shown represented as a mean of at least n = 3 independent experiments &#x00B1; S.E.M
Normality of data and statistical significance was assessed by Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA followed by Tukey&#x2019;s or Sidak&#x2019;s post hoc test or by t-tests where indicated
P-values of p &#x2264; 0.05 are considered significant
it appears that the neuraminidase activity released by BV-2 microglia treated with LPS is due to Neu1
and that the neuraminidase activity released by BV-2 microglia in the absence of LPS is at least partly due to Neu1
BV-2 microglia release Neu1 into culture supernatants
(A) mRNA expression of Neu1 in non-targeting (si-NT) or Neu1-targeting (si-Neu1) siRNA-transfected BV-2 microglia
Knockdown was assessed 24 h after siRNA treatments
Data presented as mean Neu1 expression levels of three independent BV-2 culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M) normalized to the si-NT control
(B) Supernatant neuraminidase activity assays (pH 7.2) of vehicle or LPS-treated (100 ng/ml
BV-2 were transfected with non-targeting or Neu1-targeting siRNA
Data presented as mean neuraminidase activity assays of three independent BV-2 culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M) normalized to the si-NT + vehicle control
Statistics: one-way ANOVA with Tukey&#x2019;s post hoc analysis
(C) Western blot of supernatants from si-NT or si-Neu1 transfected BV-2
stimulated with vehicle or LPS (100 ng/ml)
Supernatants were concentrated 20-fold with a 10 kDa cut-off filter
Blot representative of three independent experiments
(D) Quantification of Western blots of culture supernatants from untreated and LPS-treated BV-2
Data presented as mean Western signal of three independent BV-2 culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M) normalized to untreated control
(E) Supernatant neuraminidase activity assays (pH 7.2) of vehicle or LPS-treated (100 ng/ml
Cells were pretreated with neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 at 20 &#x03BC;M or DMSO control for 1 h before addition of LPS
Data presented as mean neuraminidase activity assays of three independent BV-2 culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M) normalized to DMSO control
&#x002A;&#x002A;p &#x003C; 0.01 versus GW4869
To test whether Neu1 protein is released by BV-2 microglia, we ran western blots on supernatants of culture medium from BV-2 microglia treated with non-targeting or Neu1-targeting siRNA &#x00B1; LPS treatment. Using a Neu1-specific antibody, we detected a strong band at approx. 46 kDa for supernatants of microglia &#x00B1; LPS that was strongly reduced by Neu1 knockdown (<a href="#F1">Figures 1C,D</a>)
The formula molecular weight of mouse Neu1 is 44.5 kDa
This confirms that BV-2 microglia release Neu1 into the medium in the presence and absence of LPS
This indicated that exosomes are probably not involved in neuraminidase activity release from BV-2 microglia
We conclude that the LPS-induced increase in supernatant neuraminidase activity may be mediated by calcium-dependent lysosomal fusion with the plasma membrane
Vacuolin-1 or BAPTA-AM block LPS-induced supernatant neuraminidase activity and surface desialylation
(A) Images of DMSO or vacuolin-1 (1 &#x03BC;M
Images acquired with an epifluorescence microscope (20x objective) and representative of three similar experiments
Scale bar &#x2013; 10 &#x03BC;m (B) Supernatant neuraminidase activity assays (pH 7.2) of vehicle or LPS-treated (1 &#x03BC;g/ml
Cells were pre-treated for 1 h with inhibitors vacuolin-1 (400 nM) or BAPTA-AM (10 &#x03BC;M)
Data presented as mean fluorescence intensities of three independent BV-2 culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M) normalized to DMSO control
Statistical analysis was performed on the original non-normalized data set: one-way ANOVA with Tukey&#x2019;s post hoc analysis
&#x002A;&#x002A;&#x002A;p &#x003C; 0.001 versus DMSO
(C) Binding of the FITC-conjugated lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) to BV-2 microglia as measured by flow cytometry
Data presented as fluorescence intensities normalized to DMSO control from n = 3 independent experiments
Statistical analysis was performed on the original non-normalized data set: one-way ANOVA with Tukey&#x2019;s post hoc test
(D) Antibody binding (anti-Lamp1 or isotype control) to LPS (100 ng/ml)-stimulated or vehicle treated BV-2 microglia
unfixed cells was assessed by flow cytometry
Data presented as mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of 5000 events collected from three independent BV-2 culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M)
&#x002A;p &#x003C; 0.05 versus anti-Lamp1 + vehicle
We conclude that lysosomal fusion with the plasma membrane may also mediate the LPS-induced surface desialylation of BV-2 microglia
This data suggests that Neu1 may be released from BV-2 lysosomes together with its protective protein PPCA
Neu1 is released together with protective protein cathepsin A (PPCA)
(A) Cathepsin activity assay measured by cleavage of substrate Z-Phe-Arg- 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-Phe-Arg-AMC) in acidic buffer (pH 4.5)
BV-2 cells were treated with vehicle or LPS (100 ng/ml) for 18 h and supernatants were tested for cathepsin activity
Medium indicates a DMEM-only control with no cells added
Data presented as mean fluorescence intensities of at least 3 independent experiments (&#x00B1; S.E.M)
Statistics: one-way ANOVA with Tukey&#x2019;s post hoc analysis &#x002A;p &#x003C; 0.05 versus medium
(B) Western blot of 20-fold concentrated BV-2 culture supernatants
blotting against protective protein cathepsin A (PPCA)
Blot representative of 3 similar Western blots
(C) Neuraminidase activity assays from protein G agarose pull downs of BV-2 culture supernatants: BV-2 microglia were treated with vehicle or LPS (100 ng/ml) over 18 h
In some experiments BV-2 were pre-treated with si-Neu1-targeting siRNA to reduce Neu1 levels
Culture supernatants were exposed to anti-PPCA or isotype control antibody
Data presented as mean neuraminidase activity assays of three independent culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M)
(D) Western blot of anti-Neu1 precipitated culture supernatants from LPS-treated BV-2 cells
Blot was probed with an anti-PPCA antibody
Blot representative of three similar experiments
this data indicates that extracellular PPCA is associated with a neuraminidase
We further confirmed this by performing western blot analysis of the anti-Neu1 precipitated supernatants of LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. We observed a band corresponding to the size of PPCA in the eluted fraction (<a href="#F3">Figure 3D</a>)
This further supports the idea that Neu1 and PPCA indeed form a complex in BV-2 culture supernatants
Primary microglia treated with LPS also release neuraminidase activity and Neu1 protein
(A) Supernatant neuraminidase activity assays (pH 7.2) of vehicle or LPS-stimulated primary rat microglia (100 ng/ml LPS
(B) Supernatant neuraminidase activity assays (pH 7.2) of vehicle or LPS-treated (1 &#x03BC;g/ml
Data presented as mean fluorescence intensities of three independent cell culture preparations (&#x00B1; S.E.M)
(C) Western blot of concentrated culture supernatants from primary mouse microglia
Blot is representative of 3 similar experiments and quantified in (D)
Statistical analysis was performed by paired t-test
Since the anti-mouse Neu1 antibody did not cross-react with rat-derived Neu1 protein, we tested whether Neu1 protein would be released in LPS-stimulated cultures of primary mouse microglia. We treated primary microglial cultures with 100 ng/ml LPS for 18 h and concentrated supernatants 100-fold. We observed a band corresponding to the size of Neu1 protein in these conditioned media, and LPS increased the amount of Neu1 protein (<a href="#F4">Figures 4C,D</a>)
This confirms that primary microglia release Neu1 upon LPS stimulation
Phagocytosis of 5 &#x03BC;m beads by BV-2 microglia as measured by flow cytometry
(A) Assessment of bead uptake 3 h after treatment with sialidase (200 mU/ml)
Heat-inactivated sialidase was included as a control
Data presented as mean uptake measured in 3 independent experiments with error bars representing S.E.M
Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey&#x2019;s post hoc
(B) Phagocytosis was assayed 48 h post non-targeting (si-NT) or Neu1-targeting (si-Neu1) siRNA transfection
Data presented as mean uptake measured in 4 independent experiments with error bars representing S.E.M
Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t-test
(C) Phagocytic capacity of lentiviral transduced
Data presented as individual uptake measurements from 3 independent experiments
Statistical analysis was performed by paired (B) t-tests
LPS-treatment did not affect PNA-or Gal-3 binding to pull-downs from control (non-FLAG expressing) BV-2 (Figure A,B)
This indicated that LPS treatment indeed induced the removal of sialic acid residues from the Trem2 receptor
and enabled binding of one of Trem2&#x2019;s ligands: Gal-3
LPS-mediated activation of BV-2 induces removal of sialic acid residues from TREM2 and MerTK receptor
TREM2-FLAG or control BV-2 were treated with vehicle or LPS (100 ng/ml 18 h)
Cells were lysed and FLAG-tagged TREM2 captured by anti-FLAG antibody
MerTK was captured on the beads by an anti-MerTK antibody (or appropriate isotype control antibody to control for non-specific binding)
Antibodies were captured by protein A/G magnetic beads and subjected to PNA-FITC or Gal-3-TAMRA lectins
(A) Binding of PNA-FITC or (B) Gal-3-TAMRA to FLAG pull downs from LPS-treated control or TREM2-FLAG-expressing cells
Data presented as mean fluorescence intensities &#x00B1; S.E.M
#p &#x003C; 0.05 versus TREM2-FLAG + vehicle
ns: non-significant versus BV-2 control + vehicle
(C) Binding of PNA-FITC to MerTK pull-downs from LPS- or vehicle treated BV-2 microglia
Statistics: one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett&#x2019;s multiple comparison test
potentially enabling phagocytosis via these receptors and Gal-3
sialidase or microglia-conditioned media containing sialidase
all sensitize neurons to glutamate-induced death
Conditioned media from LPS-stimulated microglia induce desialylation in neuronal-glial co-cultures and sensitize neurons to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity
(A) Peanut agglutinin binding to neuronal-glial co-cultures that were pretreated with (i) conditioned media from primary glial cultures (vehicle) or (ii) conditioned media from LPS-stimulated (i.e.
Binding was measured by flow cytometry on live cells and data presented as mean fluorescent intensities of the PNA-FITC dye
(B) Neuronal-glial co-cultures were treated for 1 h with conditioned medium from unstimulated microglia or conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated microglia
Sodium glutamate (100 &#x03BC;M) was then added for 5 h and propidium iodide (PI) positive neurons were counted
Representative images of Hoechst and propidium iodide stained neuronal-glial co-cultures after treatment with conditioned media (with or without LPS) at 20x magnification
(C) Quantification of PI positive cells in neuronal-glial cultures
which where desialylated with either sialidase
sialyltransferase inhibitor (ST-Inh) or conditioned medium (cond
medium) from LPS-treated primary rat microglia
and then stimulated with 100 &#x03BC;M glutamate
Data represents mean PI positive cells (&#x00B1; S.E.M) of at least 6 images from 3 independent neuronal-glial cultures
vehicle + no glutamate; ###p &#x003C; 0.001
####p &#x003C; 0.0001 and ns (non-significant) versus vehicle + glutamate: &#x0026;&#x0026;&#x0026; p &#x003C; 0.001 versus conditioned medium + glutamate
This study found evidence that microglia release a neuraminidase activity
We detected Neu1 protein and neuraminidase activity in supernatants of unstimulated BV-2 cells
and LPS increased the released neuraminidase activity
Neu1 knockdown reduced the released neuraminidase activity of both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells
LPS no longer increased neuraminidase release
This indicates that the LPS-induced neuraminidase activity was due to Neu1
and that Neu1 also contributes to neuraminidase activity released by unstimulated BV-2 cells
we also observed an LPS-induced release of neuraminidase activity and Neu1 protein
which was greater than that in BV-2 microglia
consistent with BV-2 being basally activated
we cannot rule out that the detected Neu1 protein originated from other compartments such as the Golgi
Since we found both proteins in culture supernatants
we tested if they associate extracellularly
our data indicates that PPCA and Neu1 also form a complex in culture supernatants
which further supports the hypothesis that these proteins are released via lysosomal exocytosis
A microglial released neuraminidase activity might regulate a variety of cell functions extracellularly. As extracellular neuraminidase can stimulate microglial phagocytosis (<a href="#B1">Allendorf et al., 2020a</a>)
we tested whether Neu1 expression regulated microglial phagocytosis
We found that Neu1 knockdown reduced microglial phagocytosis
while Neu1 overexpression increased microglial phagocytosis
this might be one means by which activated microglia increase phagocytosis
this suggests that desialylation enables receptor activation and function via galectin-3
This suggests that extracellular Neu1 might be a potential treatment target to prevent neuroinflammatory damage to neurons
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material
further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s
The animal study was reviewed and approved by The Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body &#x2013; University of Cambridge
DA designed and performed the experiments and data analysis
DA and GB conceived the project and wrote the manuscript
Both authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
This work was partly funded by the Medical Research Council UK [MR/L010593]
This study received funding from AstraZeneca
This funder was not involved in the study design
the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
We are grateful for the support of AstraZeneca
We thank Tomas Deierborg for the gift of galectin-3
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Lysosomal exocytosis: the extracellular role of an intracellular organelle
Polysialic acid regulates growth cone behavior during sorting of motor axons in the plexus region
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(94)90356-5" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&#x0026;title=Polysialic+acid+regulates+growth+cone+behavior+during+sorting+of+motor+axons+in+the+plexus+region%2E&#x0026;journal=Neuron&#x0026;author=Tang+J.&#x0026;author=Rutishauser+U.&#x0026;author=Landmesser+L.&#x0026;publication_year=1994&#x0026;volume=13&#x0026;pages=405&#x2013;414" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a>
Expression of Kv1.1 delayed rectifier potassium channels in Lec mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines reveals a role for sialidation in channel function
the phagocytosis of live neurons and synapses by glia
contributes to brain development and disease
Desialylation in physiological and pathological processes: new target for diagnostic and therapeutic development
Inflammation leads to distinct populations of extracellular vesicles from microglia
Citation: Allendorf DH and Brown GC (2022) Neu1 Is Released From Activated Microglia
Stimulating Microglial Phagocytosis and Sensitizing Neurons to Glutamate
Copyright &#x00A9; 2022 Allendorf and Brown. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Guy C. Brown, <a id="encmail">Z2NiM0BjYW0uYWMudWs=</a>
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I began writing this column nearly two years ago because of my concern about the lack of understanding of science in our society
I have spent my life trying to understand the truth about the world in which we live
We have entered what has been called the post-truth period of politics in which emotions and personal beliefs are more influential than objective facts in shaping public opinion
Political parties should offer different policies to deal with problems in our society
solving these problems is not possible if we do not share a common reality
said in an interview with CNN in 2016 that “facts” based on the feelings of voters are more important in a political campaign than actual facts collected by scientists
Donald Trump said that scientists predict that sea level will rise one-eighth of an inch over the next 400 years
Global mean sea level already has risen over 10 inches since 1880
and it is predicted to rise 10-12 inches by 2050
according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Approximately 300 million people around the world are projected to be displaced from their homes by 2050 because of this rise in sea level at a cost of hundreds of billions of dollars
Trump has been making statements similar to this for many years
he repeats these statements even though he knows that they are lies
I wonder if his followers know that he is lying
Florida is perhaps the state most threatened by the ongoing rise of sea level
Miami plans to spend 3.8 billion dollars to protect the city from future floods caused by rising sea levels
Florida recently passed a law known as “don’t say climate change” that deletes most references to climate change from state statutes
The objective of this law is to change Florida state policies so that addressing climate change and rising sea levels are no longer priorities
The recent hearings on the COVID-19 pandemic by the House of Representatives Oversight and Accountability Committee highlight this problem
Several members of this committee claimed that the COVID-19 vaccine was not effective
There is overwhelming factual evidence of the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines
Studies by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that death rates among persons vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine were 93% lower than death rates of unvaccinated persons in 2022
An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2022 estimated that as many as 12 million Americans chose not to be vaccinated for COVID-19 because of misinformation that the vaccine was not effective
It was predominantly Republican politicians who promoted this misinformation
The COVID-19 death rate after the introduction of the vaccine was 76% higher for registered Republicans than for registered Democrats
What can be done to address the problems caused by post-truth politics
Several solutions have been proposed: a commitment to fact-checking of public statements
a crackdown on intentional misinformation on social media outlets
and limiting free-speech protections to not include intentional misinformation
Can you imagine if other aspects of your life were not based on the truth
How confident would you feel about your doctor’s care if the results of diagnostic tests were based on the feelings of the person interpreting the tests rather than the actual results
Fred Allendorf is a regents professor of biology emeritus at the University of Montana
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Former Deputy E-911 Director Jack Allendorf and former E-911 Director Brian Hitchcock sit at a meeting of the Lake County Public Safety Communications Commission in July 2016
2 official at Lake County 911 has been fired
who had been serving as a deputy director of the consolidated E-911 center since 2014
was let go in early February at the end of a disciplinary process overseen by the Lake County Human Resources office
He has not been involved with Lake County 911 in any capacity for “at least three weeks
give or take,” Swiderski told The Times on Monday
Allendorf most recently held the title of deputy director of support services
which includes oversight of E-911’s radio communications infrastructure
He was hired as deputy director after serving on the Lake County Public Safety Communications Committee
where he helped oversee the merger of 17 municipal dispatch systems under one roof at the E-911 center in Crown Point
Allendorf began to share the deputy director title in 2017 after Swiderski hired former Portage County 911 director Christopher Jean "C.J." Wittmer as deputy director of operations at the E-911 center
Swiderski said he wanted to retain Allendorf as co-deputy director to manage the department’s radio network
Swiderski declined to elaborate on any specific aspect of Allendorf’s performance that led to his firing
“[We] just wanted to go in a different direction,” Swiderski said
adding he made the decision with the backing of the public safety commissioners
E-911 officials have begun a nationwide search to find Allendorf’s replacement
Allendorf briefly served as interim director of the E-911 center after former director Brian Hitchcock left in the summer of 2016
Hitchcock endorsed Allendorf to succeed him as permanent director
but the Lake County Board of Commissioners hired Swiderski instead
Allendorf could not be reached for comment by press time
Nine towns and cities in Northwest Indiana — many of which have made the annual list more than once — have been named some of the safest place&hellip;
Lake County officials must get a handle on clear problems within the emergency dispatch service
CROWN POINT — Lake County is hiring Porter County's outgoing 911 director
CROWN POINT — Lake County E-911 dispatchers still struggle with state-of-the-art hardware that can’t find hundreds of callers
CROWN POINT — Two weeks after a technical glitch temporarily blocked cell phone calls to Lake County 911
emergency response officials are sti&hellip;
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SECTIONAL FINAL … George Allendorf glides in for a layup as part of his 22-point night in the Evergreen 81-57 win
Evergreen’s regional bound boys’ soccer team and Elite 8 basketball team copped the moniker&#8230;#CreateChaos
That slogan has reared back to life as once again
forcing 15 first half turnovers to take a 26-point halftime on their way to a devastating 81-57 win over Elmwood to win a Division VI Sectional championship
“We said this is now phase 3 starting tournament time,” Viking coach Kyle Bostater said
“We believe these guys can go on a run and make some noise in the tournament.”
“We need to take it game by game and we will have very good opponents from now on
and we are playing with a lot of confidence right now.”
The large Viking following had barely found their seats
and didn’t stay there long as it took just 65 seconds for Evergreen to take an 8-0 lead and put them on their feet
George Allendorf tripled from the corner eight seconds into the game
then followed with a swipe-and-score 12 ticks later
and John Herdman nailed a deep three with 6:55 on the clock to give the Vikes an early lead
Landon Snow’s three baskets helped get Elmwood (6-17) back to 12-10 but in the span of 90 seconds
Evergreen rang off eight more to take a double digit lead
Troy Manz found Quinn Eisel for a layup and then got a ‘pick 6’ of his own
Allendorf hit a floater and Will Johnson got 2-2 from the line to make it 20-10 with 3:01 still remaining in the first
A third eight-point spurt extended the margin to 28-14 at the quarter
then Manz and Allendorf drilled triples in the last 29 seconds to create the 14-point lead
getting off to a quick start,” Bostater explained of the first quarter explosion
“Elmwood has been known to hang around in games and we saw them beat a good Eastwood team a couple nights ago.”
“We wanted to get them turned over and get people involved hitting shots right away and again our defense created some offense.”
The lead grew to 35-15 at the 6:16 mark of the second when Ruetz tripled in transition off a Royal turnover and the bulge continued to grow through the last six minutes
and Manz radar ranged one from way outside the arc at the horn to make it 49-23
Evergreen shot 19/39 in the first half for 49 percent while harassing the Royals into 15 turnovers
The lead grew past the 30 point mark in the third as Allendorf got two more runout hoops off Ruetz passes after steals
and Eisel scored a putback and 2/2 from the line to open up a 59-28 gap with 4:16 still to play in the third before the Vikings began rotating players like hockey line changes the rest of the night
Snow tried to close the gap in the last 12 minutes
but the Vikings countered as Alex Fritsch became the fifth Viking to hit a three-ball
Sean Rafferty and Brendan Rafferty each had a put back and Brogan Eisel scored off the last of the Royals 25 turnovers late
Evergreen didn’t exactly shoot it well for the game
but was guilty of just six turnovers and took a whopping 27 more shots because of the havoc created defensively
“There were multiple times in transition that guys could’ve tried to score and made the extra pass for an easier shot,” Bostater said of his team’s balance
especially in the second quarter when guys were moving the basketball like that
we are going to be pretty tough to beat it we keep that up.”
Evergreen (16-7) advances to play Van Buren in a district semifinal on Wednesday night at Defiance
Mark D. Allendorf (Sandia National Lab) presents &#8220;Nanopores and Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Transport and Storage&#8221; on Friday, March 5th at 4:30.   FYI &#8211; Mark will be teaching at Carleton in the spring of 2022 as a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.carleton.edu/doc/faculty-resources/teaching-support/department-chair-handbook/benedicts/" target="_blank">Benedict Distinguished Visiting Professor</a>
The development of a hydrogen economy has potentially immense benefits for addressing the crisis of climate change
decades of research on the two main categories of storage materials—nanoporous sorbents and metal hydrides—have left us empty-handed: no materials to date can meet DOE targets for vehicular storage
it is clear that new materials are needed to efficiently transport hydrogen from production sites to fueling stations
The Hydrogen Materials—Advanced Research Consortium (HyMARC) is a team of seven DOE national laboratories assembled to tackle the scientific challenges blocking discovery of game-changing materials needed to realize a sustainable hydrogen economy
I will describe how HyMARC is using a combination of nanoscale chemical synthesis
and state-of-the-art characterization tools to create new materials for both transportation and stationary hydrogen storage
I’ll explain the “inside-outs” of hydrogen release from metal hydride nanoclusters trapped inside porous carbon
including Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy images obtained at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
These results will demonstrate that we are far from the end of the road when it comes to exciting chemistry to solve the problem of material-based hydrogen storage
Allendorf&nbsp;is Co-Director of the Hydrogen Advanced Materials Research Consortium (HyMARC) and a Senior Scientist at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore
He holds degrees in chemistry from Washington University in St
in inorganic chemistry at Stanford University
his research focuses on the fundamental science and applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and on hydrogen storage
Current interests include metal hydrides and MOFs for hydrogen storage
He is President Emeritus and Fellow of The Electrochemical Society and has received awards for research
including a 2014 R&amp;D100 Award for a novel approach to radiation detection
Join Zoom Meeting&nbsp;<a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://carleton.zoom.us/j/97062621266?pwd%3DVVAvSE85T2w0RDBNTjlSZUQ4b2hBUT09&amp;sa=D&amp;source=calendar&amp;ust=1605542160649000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1RitZ0hAaa10HnS3ye7UJG">https://carleton.zoom.us/j/97062621266</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;Meeting ID: 970 6262 1266&nbsp; &nbsp;Passcode: 945583
Would you like&nbsp;cookies* and tea (or hot chocolate packets) to snack on during the Chemistry&nbsp;Seminar
stop by the&nbsp;Mohrig Lounge-2nd floor Anderson between 3:15-4:30
Alison Block will be there to greet you.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don&#8217;t know where the&nbsp;Mohrig Lounge&nbsp;is
it is the study&nbsp;space on the southeast corner of&nbsp;2nd floor Anderson
bordered&nbsp;on the south by the offices of Deborah
<a href="tel:+15072224000">507-222-4000</a>
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Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The recent discovery of bird (avian) flu in a cattle herd in Texas has raised concern about the possibility of humans being infected by this virus
Seabirds throughout the world suffered unprecedented high mortality in 2022 when this deadly flu virus swept through their colonies
This virus also has infected domestic chickens
approximately 50 million chickens either died from this virus or have been killed to prevent further spread in the US
Viruses are infectious particles of DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein shell with protruding spikes that allow them to attach to cells
They are incredibly tiny; there are about ten million viruses in one teaspoon of seawater
but rather they can only reproduce by infecting living cells and taking control to rapidly produce thousands of copies of themselves
They are similar to computer viruses which are small pieces of code which take control of a computer to make many copies of itself
Cows on a ranch in Texas were found to be infected with bird flu this past March
Cattle infected with bird flu have fever and a severe drop in milk production
This virus is already widespread in the U.S.; it was found in 36 dairy cattle herds from nine states by May
The ‘jump’ of the virus from infecting birds to a mammal (cattle) is alarming
Most viral pandemics have been caused by a virus jumping from a non-human species to humans (Ebola
The widespread infection of cattle with bird flu provides the possibility of a devastating jump to humans
Cattle are one of the most dangerous animal sources for flu because of their sheer number and how much humans interact with them
culling poultry has curbed bird flu outbreaks
but culling is much more difficult and expensive with cattle
The jump between species is the result of genetic changes that allow the virus to infect other species
Such changes can arise by either a mutation or the exchange of genetic material between different viruses
This exchange of genomic sequences can occur when two viruses infect the same cell
There is evidence that the 1918 flu pandemic was caused by a virus resulting from the recombination of pig and human viruses
Pasteurization is effective in removing the virus from milk
which contains high concentrations of the virus
People drinking raw milk could act as a source of a strain that infects humans through recombination between the human and avian flu viruses
the consumption of raw milk has increased because of the mistaken belief that drinking raw milk will provide immunity against the virus
The virus has not yet been found in samples of beef sold for consumption
Department of Agriculture indicated that cooking at 145ºF or higher destroyed the virus
some viruses remained after cooking at 120ºF
The newly founded Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy (OPPR) has taken the lead to minimize the dangers of a new pandemic from bird flu
former president Donald Trump said he would disband OPPR if he becomes president
He disbanded a similar office in 2018 which harmed our response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Trump’s explanation for disbanding OPPR is that we can react if a new pandemic erupts and that preparation for something that might not happen for 25
a new pandemic in the near future is inevitable
as Ben Franklin wrote almost 300 years ago
“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.”
But how often do we have the time to unpack it?” asks Chris Daly (Allendorf) ’03
director of mediator education and quality assurance at the New York Peace Institute
Daly spends her days helping people resolve conflicts
“We are living during a unique time when people stop speaking to others with different opinions and perspectives,” she says
“What I like best is bringing people together to listen to each other
Daly spent a decade as an assistant district attorney prosecuting felony domestic violence cases for Bronx County
before a career pivot to mediation and restorative justice in 2014
you realize very soon that the system is set up so that the survivor’s voice is not always amplified
The New York Peace Institute works alongside the state court system—and other clients—to create processes for mediation
Chief Judge [Janet] DiFiore announced that presumptive mediation should be the default for a broad range of state civil cases
the solutions are generally more durable and people are happier with the process,” says Daly
Daly trains New York Peace Institute’s certified mediators as well as a wide variety of others
and anyone interested in becoming a conflict resolver
who leads both in-person and online trainings
you have to be aware of how you are influencing the conversation through your intersecting identities and positionality when you craft your interventions in service of the conversation for the clients
you have to be trauma-informed and hyper-present in the moment.”
“When people are confronted in mediation with someone who might have caused them a great deal of injury—physical
or financial—the impacts of the conflict are often revealed in new ways and there is frequently new information,” explains Daly
Social justice has long been Daly’s primary driver
She was drawn to Boston College as an undergraduate and then to the Law School because of the University’s emphasis on mind and soul
encouraging men and women to be in service for others
she was awarded a Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship to travel to New Zealand
where she promoted cross-cultural understanding and while there learned about mediation and restorative practices
“For people to hear from others they’re at odds with
“Mediation brings people together who don’t see eye to eye and the result can be increased understanding and some clarity to build a better future.”
<a href="https://lawmagazine.bc.edu/2022/07/not-your-average-craft-brewer/">Javier Chávez ’06 Is Making More Than Great Beer</a>
<a href="https://lawmagazine.bc.edu/2022/07/paths-to-success-16/">Four Alumni Talk About Their Fulfilling Careers</a>
We all have something -- or somewhere -- that fires up the serotonin just by holding it or seeing it: the woods where you grew up playing hide and seek
a Barbie doll collection that dates back to the 1950s
a cabinet full of your mother's old copper cookie cutters,..
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Nepal’s community forestry program has been hailed as a success for helping increase the country’s forest cover from 26% to 45% in 25 years
communities manage their forests for their own use and benefits based on an operational plan approved by the divisional forest officer
a representative of the provincial government
Community members are allowed to collect wood up to a limit prescribed by the government based on the availability of wood and the prevailing conditions of the forest
has worked on issues of local communities and conservation since 1994 and has closely observed community conservation projects in Nepal
currently leads Community Conservation Inc.
an organization dedicated to promoting community-based approaches around the world
Mongabay’s Abhaya Raj Joshi talked to Allendorf over a video call recently about the state of community forests in Nepal
The following interview has been edited for clarity
Mongabay: Could you tell us a bit about how Community Conservation as an organization was born and what is its main philosophy
Teri Allendorf:  Community Conservation was founded by Robert Horwich
He had gone to Belize to see the endangered howler monkeys in 1984 when he first met the local community and he started working with them
When he started working with the communities
he switched from being a natural scientist to a community-oriented conservation scientist after coming to a conclusion that communities are the solution to the biodiversity crisis
Peace Corps [an independent agency and program of the U.S
government that trains and deploys volunteers to provide international development assistance] in Nepal
This means that we understood that communities are really necessary to conserve biodiversity
we’d say it’s “Communities are the solution.”
especially in the context of community forestry
Teri Allendorf: Communities have always been the solution
if you remember the Himalayan degradation theory in the ’70s
they literally predicted Nepal would have no forest left by 2000
They said there would be no elephants or rhinos by the 1980s
protected areas are what mainly saved the tigers and the rhinos
but if you look at the increase in forest cover
A huge portion of that is because of the communities
and the pieces of land linking the protected areas are governed by communities
I think Nepal is amazing because it&#8217;s a country where you can look over a period of 50 years and really see what communities have done
I think the current-day issue in Nepal is that sometimes you&#8217;re in that world where conservationists and social scientists talk all about the problems
There&#8217;s all these that have always been issues and probably will continue to be
What Nepal has accomplished is because of so many champions
No government ever wants to give up power to communities
everything is politicized and questions have been raised about the way community forestry is run and the way it elects its leadership
do you think that is going to affect the future prospects of the program
politics is core to anything happening in governance or the management of natural resources
we see it every day and we&#8217;re kind of in the middle of it because it&#8217;s always been political
I wouldn&#8217;t want to say too much about it
But obviously every time we go to the field
which party someone belongs to is not critical
I would say over time there&#8217;s always issues like that
we tend to be politicized because of decentralization and the way the government and the politics have gone
but you had elite capture back in the ‘90s
there&#8217;s always this issue of who&#8217;s controlling the resources and who has the power
what do you think is one thing that made the community program work
because a lot of other efforts in conservation
such as the management of protected areas and in the economic front
also the country couldn&#8217;t make a lot of progress during that same period — but community forestry was an exception
Teri Allendorf: Because it meets a whole bunch of people&#8217;s values
if you look at individuals and communities and what they need
They rely on that for the air they breathe
People know they need to protect the forests
I always say we don&#8217;t need to convince people to conserve natural resources and the environment
We have to help support them to provide ways
When I look at people&#8217;s values and attitudes and communities
it&#8217;s not that every individual feels the same
It&#8217;s just that those values are there and different people hold them in different ways
But everyone basically wants their environment to be better
could you please give a tangible example for our readers
Teri Allendorf: In Nepal’s Bardiya [in the western part of the country]
I was wandering into the communities doing my interviews for my Ph.D
‘Why do you think we need protected areas?’ and she started talking about the elephants
When I asked her if the elephants come and eat her harvest and cause problems
‘They&#8217;re strong and just awesome to look at.’ I just appreciate that
She was surprised when I told her that we don&#8217;t have elephants in the U.S
we can say that she was valuing the elephants without even knowing that they were rare and needed to be protected
the people will give you the whole diversity of values for their biodiversity from recreational
Mongabay: What about the lack of conservation expertise in the local communities
Conservationists say that community forest user groups focus on harvesting timber alone and don’t know much about conserving the wildlife
let me talk about the incentive for working on conservation projects
We’ve seen that people volunteer to participate because it gives them a social standing
when we trained members of the communities as conservation volunteers
The same model has been applied to the community-based female health volunteer program
I would love to see the same sort of idea applied to conservation so that each community has conservation experts
when people say communities are only interested in making money from timber
it’s like saying they don&#8217;t want to or they&#8217;re not really interested in other revenue generation things
I think certain individuals want to make money and extract money if they can
but then there are going to be people who say that&#8217;s not sustainable
The reason people don&#8217;t link community forests with wildlife is because the government isn&#8217;t talking about that piece of it and they&#8217;re not supporting it at the local level
Mongabay: There’s also this issue of caste in Nepal
People from the so-called “lower castes” don’t have access to resources and the so-called “upper class” people run the show
certainly it’s something that needs improvement
But it’s something that has improved greatly since the 1990s
We can see progress in ensuring that the requirements of the poor are met
we have a network of interconnected protected areas that provide corridors for animals such as tigers and elephants to move from east to west and vice versa
But a crucial corridor in the east joining the Parsa National Park and Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve doesn’t have a protected area
How can communities step in to address this issue
Teri Allendorf: There are different models people are starting to use these days for protection happening in more nontraditional ways
And I think that that&#8217;s our vision for that corridor
they said they are ready to work on conservation
We can link these community forests across the landscape
They can be sharing data about what wildlife they have and do their own camera trapping
It doesn&#8217;t have to be a national park or NGO staff doing this
we’re seeing this mass exodus of young people going abroad for work and study in the past decade
what would be of the next generation of community forest champions
I think the glass is half-full and half-empty
We can think about all the problems that we&#8217;re going to have and we are having
the more exposure and education and income people have
They often want to support projects where they came from to do good things
the more exposure Nepalis have to the wider world
I think the more they&#8217;re going to want to bring those things back home
That just reminds me of Wisconsin where we
were losing all the family farms as all the young people were moving out and the big corporations were buying
We thought we&#8217;re going to have no small farmers left
and the whole culture is going to be destroyed
They bought a bunch of small farms and they did like goats and cheese and middle-class type farming
They will protect it if they have the chance to do so
Banner image: A rufous sibia, a bird commonly found in Nepal&#8217;s forests. Image by Martha de Jong-Lantink via <a href="http://flickr.com/photos/marthaenpiet/47067961902/" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">Flickr</a> (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external">CC BY-NC-ND 2.0</a>)
<a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/10/nepals-constitutional-court-halts-triple-taxation-on-community-forests/" data-wpel-link="internal">Nepal’s constitutional bench halts ‘triple taxation’ on community forests</a>
The “fortress conservation” model is under pressure in East Africa
as protected areas become battlegrounds over history
and global efforts to halt biodiversity loss
Mongabay’s Special Issue goes beyond the region’s world-renowned safaris to examine how rural communities and governments are reckoning with conservation’s colonial origins
and trying to forge a path forward [&hellip;]
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The Democratic Women of North Carolina (DWNC) has honored Manteo resident Laura Allendorf with a 2022 STAR Award
Allendorf received this award for her “outstanding dedication
and loyal commitment in support of the values and principles of the Democratic Party
The award was presented at the DWNC’s 62nd Annual State Convention
Allendorf serves as vice-chair of the Manteo precinct
is the secretary of the Democratic Women of Dare and is active in the Dare County Democratic Party
Laura Allendorf has quickly demonstrated her skills as a political activist and organizer in Dare County,” said Susan Harman-Scott
“She has led our chapter’s many community service projects
and was instrumental in helping organize two recent rallies in support of reproductive rights
The Democratic Women of Dare was delighted to nominate her for the 2022 STAR Award.”
Allendorf thanked her chapter for their nomination
“Being recognized by my peers is the highest honor,” she said
advocating for federal healthcare policies benefiting primary care physicians and their patients
She has a bachelor’s degree in government from Georgetown University and a master’s in public administration from George Washington University
For more information, visit <a style="color: #3366ff;" href="http://Democraticwomenofdare.org">Democraticwomenofdare.org</a> and the <a style="color: #3366ff;" href="http://Democraticwomenofnc.com">Democraticwomenofnc.com</a>
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The Miami Heat (28-31) are at home in Southeast Division action against the Washington Wizards (11-48) on Monday,&hellip;
The Norfolk State Spartans (25-4) will look to continue a 14-game winning streak when hitting the road against&hellip;
The Washington Capitals&#8217; Pierre-Luc Dubois and the Ottawa Senators&#8217; Brady Tkachuk will be two of the top players&hellip;
Southeast Division opponents square off when the Miami Heat (28-31) host the Washington Wizards (11-48) at Kaseya Center,&hellip;
Connor McMichael will be on the ice when the Washington Capitals and Ottawa Senators meet on Monday
Which season is most enjoyable on the Outer Banks
<a href="#ViewPollResults" onclick="poll_result(39); return false;" title="View Results Of This Poll">View Results</a>
<a href="/news/research" hreflang="en">Research</a>, <a href="/news/patient-care" hreflang="en">Patient Care</a>, <a href="/news/translational-medicine" hreflang="en">Translational Medicine</a>
People receive exceptional care from oncologists like Dr
Eva Chalas at Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island
Long Island’s only full-service NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center
It now provides world-class cancer care to residents of Long Island—without the need to travel to Manhattan
“A major driver of our expansion has been, to a large extent, Perlmutter Cancer Center’s marquee status as the only full-service NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center on Long Island,” says Eva Chalas, MD, professor in the <a href="https://medli.nyu.edu/departments-divisions/obstetrics-gynecology" target="_blank">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</a> at NYU Long Island School of Medicine and physician director at Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island
Long Islanders want to stay on Long Island without compromising the outcome of their care
With the ability to receive cancer care closer to home
families and friends can accompany patients as they navigate the challenges associated with a cancer diagnosis
They also do not have to spend hours in traffic to seek care or obtain an urgent evaluation
“Unlike many of our competitors with similar credentials
Perlmutter Cancer Center in Mineola can offer a full range of sophisticated cancer care
hospitalization at our high-performing hospital,” Dr
“Even with many other cancer centers in the area
patients are seeking alternatives and finding them at Perlmutter Cancer Center.”
professor in the Department of Medicine at NYU Grossman School of Medicine and associate director for clinical research at Perlmutter Cancer Center
to bring phase 1 clinical trials—the first step in testing new treatments—to patients on Long Island
“The clinical trial portfolio on Long Island has expanded substantially and currently includes four phase 1 protocols
with two additional phase 1 studies expected to activate imminently,” Dr
“The merger has opened the gates for us to do more for our patients than we could have imagined,” says <a href="https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1447201405/jeffrey-g-schneider" target="_blank">Jeffrey G. Schneider, MD</a>
associate professor in the Department of Medicine at NYU Long Island School of Medicine and chief of hematology and oncology at Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island
“Access to clinical trials and the ability to increase the types of treatments that we can offer our patients has been greatly amped-up by the fact that we’re part of Perlmutter Cancer Center.”
With the support of Perlmutter Cancer Center
Schneider’s team on Long Island has grown from 7 to 13 faculty and now includes on-site subspecialty expertise for every type of cancer
patients at the Mineola campus are now guaranteed expertise in the management of their specific type of cancer
and access to the latest clinical advances
“Our intermediate term plan is to have a full-service
on-site linear accelerator and CyberKnife treatment capability,” Dr
residents of Suffolk County will have immediate access to the most experienced CyberKnife team in the United States for consultation and follow-up in their backyard while being able to be conveniently treated in less than a week at the Mineola campus under an hour away.”
Haas’s team recently introduced the Radixact treatment delivery system
another advanced technology that uses image-guided
intensity-modulated radiation therapy to shape conventionally fractionated radiation to the tumor while sparing healthy tissue
four-dimensional tracking and correction like CyberKnife does for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) cases
People with cancer on Long Island should know that not only will they receive the highest level of cancer care here
but the doctors treating them are also their neighbors
“With the merger, a large number of physicians have come into our orbit,” says <a href="https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1740364397/john-d-allendorf" target="_blank">John D. Allendorf, MD</a>, professor in the <a href="https://medli.nyu.edu/departments-divisions/surgery/" target="_blank">Department of Surgery</a> at NYU Long Island School of Medicine and director of network relations at Perlmutter Cancer Center on Long Island
“Those physicians are now able to refer patients to the surgeons at NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island and are available for our surgeons to refer patients out for different services.”
An ever-increasing number of practices on Long Island have come under the NYU Langone umbrella
he and his team have worked hard to integrate them with Perlmutter Cancer Center
so that they can provide the best care to patients
As an example, Dr. Allendorf cites the acquisition of an eight-person gastroenterology group that formerly worked for ProHealth. For Dr. Allendorf, who specializes in <a href="https://nyulangone.org/conditions/pancreatic-cancer" target="_blank">pancreatic</a> and other GI cancers, the new gastroenterologists have contributed to a marked increase in the treatment of GI cancer cases. The <a href="https://nyulangone.org/conditions/esophageal-cancer" target="_blank">esophageal cancer</a> program
went from handling a handful of cases a year to six in the month of December alone
NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island’s minimally invasive surgery program
which enables surgeons to perform procedures with smaller incisions and shorter recovery time
now uses 6 robots with 60 percent of the procedures being performed for cancer
The program has doubled the number of robots available for surgeons
alleviating a bottleneck that resulted from the increase in referrals from local providers
A major advantage for patients is the interdisciplinary conferences that take place between surgeons and other specialists
“We’re very fortunate that most of the patients on Long Island want to stay on Long Island
where they can get the best quality of care available,” Dr
“Our patients benefit from the synergy of having their surgeon
and internal medicine doctor all working together talking about their case once a week
Such tests may help oncologists identify which patients are most likely to respond well to therapy
A study reveals how BRCA2 determines which cancer cells respond to a major drug class
ALLENDORF — Christian Krueger was 20 years old
when he set out for a better life in America
His occupation was listed as farmer and gardener when he came to the United States
and it was his dream to have a farm of his own
Christian met Wilhelmina Beyersdorff; they married in 1852
staking a claim on a quarter section in Osceola County
It wasn’t until several years later that the small town of Allendorf formed about a mile south of their farm
and a few years later they homesteaded the 80 acres right next to it,” said Gary Wolter
great-great-grandson of Christian and Wilhelmina
Christian and Wilhelmina lived in a dugout they constructed just below a hill on the property
An indentation marking their first home was visible to future generations
Gary had wanted to dig up the site years ago
but his dad said he wouldn’t find anything because Christian and Wilhelmina didn’t have anything
build a proper home and shelter for their livestock
they had to plant 10 acres of trees on the quarter and live on the land for five years
“I don’t know how they survived,” Gary said
“I don’t know if they got in their buggy and just started going west and they got this far and figured that’s far enough
“Most of eastern Iowa was already homesteaded,” he added
the youngest of which was born on the Osceola County homestead on July 9
purchased the original 160-acre homestead from Christian in 1895
and added the adjacent 80-acre parcel that Christian had also homesteaded
went on to settle or purchase numerous parcels across the country
he and wife Louisa (Schossow) Krueger had already been married for 21 years
They were the parents of eight girls and five boys
Fred had farmed the land alongside his dad Christian
“Christian and his boys built the Klondike dam and flour mill in Klondike
“People from all over the country would bring their wheat there.”
The Kruegers hauled rocks onto the ice during the winter
the rocks fell to the river bed and that’s how they established the dam
Fred and Louisa are believed to have built the home that still stands today
through two major additions and renovations in the last 120 years
“Christian and his wife built a little white building for their first house,” said Gary
There was a flat rock there that was the foundation for the first house
they moved (that one) up … and used the lumber to build a new chicken house.”
I’d jack the house up and take out the cellar and build a new basement
but that never happened and it ain’t gonna now,” Gary said
The house underwent a second addition and renovation in 2005
as well as a combination laundry and main-floor bathroom
I was doing laundry in the cellar,” said Jessa
noting her use of a Maytag wringer washer until 2005 and carrying water up and down the cellar stairs
she finally got an automatic washing machine
oldest daughter Alice — married to Frank Wolter — became the third generation owner of the farm
A preacher from Allendorf is credited with their introduction — he took Alice to Fonda
Frank was raising a niece and nephew because their parents died,” Gary said
and a couple of years after they were married
they moved to the rural Allendorf homestead and purchased the 240-acre farm from Fred and Louisa
In addition to raising Frank’s niece and nephew
the couple had eight children together (one died at age 2)
They also raised Belgian horses on the farm
but he never had a tractor and he wouldn’t drive a tractor,” Gary said
“Frank gave each of his kids 80 acres,” said Gary
One of the kids went to farm the land by Fonda
Floyd and Ralph split the quarter that was the original homestead
and Bob received the 80-acre parcel west of the homestead
Daughters Clara and Eleanor split a quarter section and
80 acres remains in the family as it’s owned by Eleanor’s daughter-in-law
Gary bought his 80-acre parcel for a mere $1,000 an acre
Gary and Jessa later bought the original 160-acre parcel with the homestead from his parents
hogs — just about everything,” recalled Gary
the second-born of Floyd and Nadine’s four children
He has one older brother and two younger sisters
I quit high school because it was interfering with my education
half the time I wouldn’t even go to school,” he added
“Dad said if I wasn’t going to go to school
with a potential war looming on the horizon
Gary succumbed to his older brother’s requests to enlist in the Army — it was his brother’s wish to serve
He went off to serve — to get it over with — before starting his own life’s dream of farming
Army from 1956-58 — which included one and a half years in Berlin
Germany — he moved to a farm near Harris and operated a farm across the road from his parents north of Allendorf
“I’d milk cows there and I’d get done doing chores at night and run to Allendorf to get a nice
“And I still make them,” Jessa said with a laugh
She was working behind the counter at Oldenkamp’s Cafe when he’d come in
“I’m six years younger (than Gary),” she said
“There were no girls left around his age when he got back from the service.”
they rented a farm two miles east of Allendorf
“It was all hills and pasture and rock,” Gary said
but that’s where we lived until we moved here 44 years ago,” Jessa added
That’s when Gary’s dad suggested they move to the home farm
adding that his parents built a home for themselves on the southeast corner of the parcel
When Gary and Jessa moved to the Wolter family farm
they brought their herd of Jersey cattle with them
Gary’s dad had only some Shetland ponies by that time
Gary was in high school FFA when he purchased his first Jersey heifer from a guy who’d shown it at the Osceola
“Dennis Truckenmiller went with me and he bought a heifer too,” Gary said
adding that it was Dennis who took care of his cattle while he served in the Army
and the half-dozen cows with calves were taken to the Wolter farm and cared for by Gary’s brother until Gary returned
Gary and Jessa worked side by side on their purebred
from milking cows to raising calves and exhibiting them in the show ring
“Gary showed at the Clay County Fair in Spencer for 57 years,” Jessa said
South Dakota State Fair and Sioux Falls Fair
and open class shows in Nobles and Jackson counties in Minnesota
Their herd of milk cows was kept to about 30 to 32 head
which proved to be plenty of work for the couple
They sold Jersey show stock as part of their business
The Wolters continued to milk until about 2005
“It got to a point where we had to redo the barn and we didn’t want to do that,” Jessa said
raised some guineas and had a flock of sheep for a while
They also raised two children on the farm — son
who lives in what had been her grandparents’ home on the southeast corner of the farm
“We flew out there for six days,” Jessa said
the entire family was together again — with the extended Wolter clan — for a family reunion on the farm in celebration of its 150th anniversary
“About 80 people from 10 different states were here,” she added
Delane returned home to join his parents and sister at the Iowa State Fair to accept their Heritage Farm certificate
That the farm has remained in the family for 150 consecutive years is something that any farmer would be proud of
especially when one thinks of everything their ancestors went through in settling the land
breaking the sod and making it through grasshopper plagues
the Great Depression and the 1980s farm crisis
“We’re kind of proud that we still hung on,” said Jessa
“We kind of know the feeling (ancestors had)
because we had it in the ’80s and know how tough that was.”
they had to plow their corn crop under because it never matured
but our ancestors did too — and the blizzards,” she added
the Wolters rent out their tillable land to a trio of young men — brothers Patrick
Brian and Brad Alexander — who farm together in the neighborhood
While the Alexanders will continue to farm the land
the 240-acre Wolter farm will stay in the family
The rural Allendorf farm has been making memories for descendants of Christian and Wilhelmina Krueger for 150 years and counting
“Uncle Bob had a baseball field here in the yard,” said Gary
the kids from Allendorf would come out and play ball.”
As a kid who loved to farm more than follow a baseball
Gary enjoyed that work that didn’t always seem like work
he recalled the times the county would come through and mow the shoulder of the road
grab a pitch fork and walk to the end of their long driveway to pitch the grass into the wagon
he’d haul the grass up to the yard and store it in the loft of the garage
his friend’s dad would come over with the baler
“We had a whole load of hay bales,” Gary recalled
the family farm experienced a tragedy in 1935 when the barn was struck by lightning and burned to the ground
“Grandpa seen it and hollered at the kids upstairs
but there was nothing they could save,” Gary said
“Grandpa had a brand new set of harnesses that got burned.”
Also lost was one calf and the farm machinery
which was stored in lean-tos built onto either side of the barn
they pushed the machinery into the hole and buried it,” Gary added
The first tractor on the farm was an F-20 Farmall Gary’s dad bought new in 1939
and while Gary learned to drive the red tractor
A collector of John Deere tractors and memorabilia since 1963
Gary and Jessa had more than 100 antique tractors at one time — of all different makes and models
Then there were the pedal John Deere tractors
24 of which were sold at one of their three retirement auctions
noting that he even made a 1/16th scale tractor 70-plus years ago
The oldest full-size tractor in his collection was a 1923 Model D John Deere
which was sold at auction and fully restored by the buyer
The only brand new tractor Gary ever purchased was a John Deere 4440
“We always worked together on the farm,” said Jessa
“I always helped with field work and chores
both Gary and Jessa had John Deere 730 diesel tractors that they farmed with
Their collection — a John Deere tractor museum — was stored in a former cattle shed on the farm
and they opened it up to visitors for years
“We had all kinds of John Deere collectibles and memorabilia — toy tractors
“We had a guest book that people would sign
and there were people from all over — foreign countries and all.”
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— Jo Daviess County officials have selected a new county state’s attorney
County Board members this week voted to appoint Chris Allendorf to succeed John Hay
who last month was appointed as an associate judge on the 15th Judicial Circuit
Allendorf currently works for Jo-Carroll Energy
serving as vice president of external relations and general counsel
He also serves on the Galena City Council and has been on that body since 2018
He will be required to relinquish both his job and his council seat in order to operate as the county’s state’s attorney
“It’s something I have always been interested in,” Allendorf said
“I was in law enforcement for a few years before becoming an attorney
Allendorf described himself as someone with a deep passion for serving the county as a whole
Allendorf spent one year as a deputy for the DuPage County Sheriff’s Department
He is the son of former longtime Sheriff Steve Allendorf
who now is the county board’s vice chairman and who abstained from voting on his son’s appointment
Jo Daviess County Board Chairman Scott Toot said Chris Allendorf is an ideal candidate for the state’s attorney position
“He’s a lifelong resident of Jo Daviess County
and he does have law enforcement experience,” Toot said
Allendorf will take over as state’s attorney on Jan
has a term that will not expire until 2024
Illinois law dictates that Allendorf will hold the position for the first half of the term and be required to run for the position in 2022
Allendorf said he already intends to run in 2022 to retain the seat
State law requires that the county board’s appointee must belong to the same political party as the previous state’s attorney
Allendorf said he has identified as a Republican his entire life
adding that his political beliefs and prior experience in law enforcement have given him a philosophy that stresses the importance of seeking justice
“I’m not a conviction-at-all-costs kind of person
individuals are responsible for their actions
and the law should make sure that they account for them.”
There have been several other high-profile personnel announcements among Jo Daviess County officials
County Administrator Dan Reimer announced his intention to retire in the spring
County Board Chairman Scott Toot said the county board in January will begin the process to find a replacement
County board members also declared another seat vacant
board members voted to declare the District 11 seat
as vacant after Drew Townsend announced his resignation
This marks the second seat declared vacant on the county board
who resigned when he moved out of the district
Toot will be tasked with finding nominees for those positions
who then will be put up for a vote by the county board
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We will soon have complete genome sequences from thousands of species
This coming explosion of information will transform our understanding of the amount
distribution and functional significance of genetic variation in natural populations
We identify those problems in conservation biology in which genomics will be most valuable in providing new insights and understanding
We also provide guidelines as to which new genomics approaches will be most appropriate for the different problems in conservation that can benefit from genetic analysis
The most straightforward contribution of genomics to conservation will be to enormously increase the precision and accuracy of estimation of crucial parameters that require neutral loci (for example
effective population size and migration rate)
Genomic approaches can address important questions about the molecular basis and genetic architecture of inbreeding depression
Recent work indicates that the intensity of inbreeding depression can differ greatly depending on which specific individuals are founders
This suggests that the genetic load is unevenly spread among founder genomes and supports the notion that inbreeding depression sometimes results from major effects at a few loci
Anthropogenic challenges affect a wide range of species and habitats
Genomic approaches will allow the identification of adaptive genetic variation related to key traits for the response to climate change
so that management may focus on maintaining adaptive genetic potential
The use of genomics to monitor genetic change caused by the harvesting of animals by humans could be extremely important because early detection of potentially harmful genetic change will maximize our ability to implement management to limit or reverse the effects before substantial or irreversible changes occur
Genomics provides exciting opportunities to assess differential rates of introgression across different genomic regions following hybridization between native and introduced species
The differential introgression rates of genomic regions raise some difficult issues with regards to treating hybridized populations in conservation and bring into question the efficacy of using a few (that is
ten or so) neutral markers to detect hybridization
Genomic tools will assist the management of ex situ populations and reintroductions by providing increased precision and accuracy of estimates of neutral population genetic parameters and by identifying specific loci of importance
which are essential for selecting select founder individuals
There is increasing evidence that epigenetic processes can be important following hybridization
an epigenetics perspective might be important for understanding the effects of hybridization and predicting outbreeding depression
Improved basic scientific understanding through genomics will not necessarily lead to improved conservation
understanding the relationship between genetic variation and fitness itself will not be sufficient to improve our estimates of population viability
Understanding the connections between individual fitness and population growth rates is perhaps the most important and difficult future challenge facing conservation genetics
as well as from many individuals within species
Now is a crucial time to explore the potential implications of this information revolution for conservation genetics and to recognize limitations in applying genomic tools to conservation issues
We identify and discuss those problems for which genomics will be most valuable for curbing the accelerating worldwide loss of biodiversity
We also provide guidance on which genomics tools and approaches will be most appropriate to use for different aspects of conservation
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Genetic basis of fitness differences in natural populations
An important paper that reviews current understanding of the molecular basis of fitness differences between individuals in natural populations
Gene mapping in the wild with SNPs: guidelines and future directions
Genome variability in European and American bison detected using the BovineSNP50 BeadChip
Genome-enabled development of DNA markers for ecology
Large scale single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in unsequenced genomes using second generation high throughput sequencing technology: applied to turkey
Genome-wide SNP detection in the great tit Parus major using high throughput sequencing
The microbial ocean from genomes to biomes
A review of metagenomics in marine systems
including transcriptomic and functional approaches linking microbial genomes to ecosystem processes
Functional metagenomic profiling of nine biomes
Metagenomic analysis indicates that stressors induce production of herpes-like viruses in the coral Porites compressa
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Population genomics of marine fishes: identifying adaptive variation in space and time
The Tasmanian devil transcriptome reveals Schwann cell origins of a clonally transmissible cancer
Perspective: conservation genetics enters the genomics era
Conservation genetics in transition to conservation genomics
From conservation genetics to conservation genomics
The value of avian genomics to the conservation of wildlife
Concordance of genetic divergence among sockeye salmon populations at allozyme
The power and promise of population genomics: from genotyping to genome-typing
Using genome scans of DNA polymorphism to infer adaptive population divergence
Life history shapes gene expression in salmonids
Deriving evolutionary relationships among populations using microsatellites and (δμ)2: all loci are equal
Structured coalescent processes on different time scales
Detecting population expansion and decline using microsatellites
Maximum likelihood estimation of a migration matrix and effective population sizes in n subpopulations by using a coalescent approach
Identification of distant family relationships
Population structure with localized haplotype clusters
Genetics 10 May 2010 (doi:10.1534/genetics.110.116681)
Bayesian analyses of admixture in wild and domestic cats (Felis silvestris) using linked microsatellite loci
Genetic estimates of immigration and emigration rates in relation to population density and forest patch area in Peromyscus leucopus
5 Feb 2010 (doi:10.1007/s10592-009-0033-8)
Estimation of 2Nes from temporal allele frequency data
Parentage and sibship inference from multilocus genotype data under polygamy
Prospects for inferring pairwise relationships with single nucleotide polymorphisms
Molecular marker-based pedigrees for animal conservation biologists
Human population differentiation is strongly correlated with local recombination rate
On the use of large marker panels to estimate inbreeding and relatedness: empirical and simulation studies of a pedigreed zebra finch population typed at 771 SNPs
A persuasive argument for the value of constructing pedigrees in wild populations to investigate major issues in evolutionary biology
including the genetic architecture of traits
inbreeding depression and inbreeding avoidance
Application of genome-wide SNP data for uncovering pairwise relationships and quantitative trait loci
Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information
Bayesian inference of recent migration rates using multilocus genotypes
Evaluating the performance of a multilocus Bayesian method for the estimation of migration rates
Detecting immigration by using multilocus genotypes
An integrated review of the emerging field of landscape genetics
Population genomics of the inbred Scandinavian wolf
Skew distribution of founder-specific inbreeding depression effects on the longevity of landrace sows
Hierarchical analysis of inbreeding depression in Peromyscus polionotus
Analysis of founder-specific inbreeding depression on birth weight in Ripollesa lambs
Highly effective SNP-based association mapping and management of recessive defects in livestock
QTL mapping of inbreeding-related cold sensitivity and conditional lethality in Drosophila melanogaster
An important evaluation of the use of new technologies to understand the genetic basis of inbreeding depression
Analysis of genetic inheritance in a family quartet by whole-genome sequencing
Genome-wide scans for footprints of natural selection
Detecting adaptive molecular polymorphism: lessons from the MHC
LOSITAN: a workbench to detect molecular adaptation based on a Fst-outlier method
Identifying adaptive genetic divergence among populations from genome scans
Evaluating loci for use in the genetic analysis of population structure
A genome-scan method to identify selected loci appropriate for both dominant and codominant markers: a Bayesian perspective
Identifying footprints of directional and balancing selection in marine and freshwater three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations
Scanning the genome for gene single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in adaptive population differentiation in white spruce
Genomic signatures of local directional selection in a high gene flow marine organism; the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Genome scans detect consistent divergent selection among subtidal vs
intertidal populations of the marine angiosperm Zostera marina
Expressed sequence tag-linked microsatellites as a source of gene-associated polymorphisms for detecting signatures of divergence selection in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Population genomic analysis of parallel adaptation in threespine stickleback using sequenced RAD tags
One of the first papers to use genomic scans of thousands of markers to understand the genetic basis of adaptation in natural populations
Differential gene exchange between parapatric morphs of Littorina saxatilis detected using AFLP markers
Soft sweeps II — molecular population genetics of adaptation from recurrent mutation or migration
A map of recent positive selection in the human genome
Human-induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals
Genetic effects of harvest on wild animal populations
Where are we in conservation genetics and where do we need to go
The problems with hybrids: setting conservation guidelines
Hybridization and the extinction of rare plant species
Considering evolutionary processes in conservation biology
Using microsatellite and MHC variation to identify species
and MUs in the endangered Sonoran topminnow
Population adaptive index: a new method to help measure intraspecific genetic diversity and prioritize populations for conservation
Human genetic variation and its contribution to complex traits
Expression of interest: transcriptomics and the designation of conservation units
Conservation genomics of Atlantic salmon: variation in gene expression between and within regions of the Bay of Fundy
New methods employing multilocus genotypes for selecting or excluding populations as origins of individuals
Genetic similarities within and between human populations
A comprehensive evaluation of cattle introgression into US federal bison herds
Using differential introgression in hybrid zones to identify genomic regions involved in speciation
Rapid spread of invasive genes into a threatened native species
A fascinating study showing that natural selection can rapidly accelerate the rate of introgression for certain regions of the genome from introduced into native species
Between a rock and a hard place: evaluating the relative risks of inbreeding and outbreeding for conservation and management
Revisiting the impact of inversions in evolution: from population genetic markers to drivers of adaptive shifts and speciation
An important synthesis that evaluates the importance of chromosomal inversions in population genetics and evolution using modern molecular approaches
Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild
Do microsatellites reflect genome-wide genetic diversity in natural populations
Optimization methods for selecting founder individuals for captive breeding or reintroduction of endangered species
DNA-based methods for pedigree reconstruction and kinship analysis in natural populations
Mapping genes for complex traits in domestic animals and their use in breeding programmes
in Conservation Genetics in the Age of Genomics (eds Amato
Genetic effects of captive breeding cause a rapid
One of the first papers to demonstrate a reduction in fitness in wild populations caused by gene flow from captive populations
Genetic adaptation to captivity in species conservation programs
Genetic monitoring as a promising tool for conservation and management
A foundation paper that defined and organized the emerging field of genetic monitoring
The alluring simplicity and complex reality of genetic rescue
The evolutionary ecology of the major histocompatibility complex
Limitations to reproductive output and genetic rescue in populations of the rare shrub Grevillea repens (Proteaceae)
Natural selection and the genetic differentiation of coastal and Arctic populations of the Atlantic cod in northern Norway: a test involving nucleotide sequence variation at the pantophysin (PanI) locus
Phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) performance and fitness effects among Arthropods and its potential role as an adaptive marker in conservation genetics
Biodiversity consequences of genetic variation in bark characteristics within a foundation tree species
Extending genomics to natural communities and ecosystems
Plant genotypic diversity predicts community structure and governs an ecosystem process
Genome-wide in situ exon capture for selective resequencing
Next-generation sequencing techniques for eukaryotic microorganisms: sequencing-based solutions to biological problems
SNP detection for massively parallel whole-genome resequencing
A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs
Genome 10K: a proposal to obtain whole-genome sequence for 10000 vertebrate species
A valuable consideration of the future application of epigenetics to understanding the ecology of natural populations
What role does heritable epigenetic variation play in phenotypic evolution
Genetic and epigenetic consequences of recent hybridization and polyploidy in Spartina (Poaceae)
Plasticity in salt tolerance traits allows for invasion of novel habitat by Japanese knotweed s
Estimating individual contributions to population growth: evolutionary fitness in ecological time
Identification of management units using population genetic data
Separating the wheat from the chaff: patterns of genetic differentiation in high gene flow species
An important paper that considers how to interpret the low genetic differentiation observed between marine populations that are apparently demographically isolated
The genetic structure of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) around Iceland: insight from microsatellites
Adaptive divergence in a high gene flow environment: Hsc70 variation in the European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.)
What can genetics tell us about population connectivity
An empirical evaluation of some genetic methods for identifying the number of gene pools and their degree of connectivity
An extremely valuable paper that considers the fundamental problem of defining 'population' in population genetics
Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers
SNP genotyping: six technologies that keyed a revolution
Resolving the evolution of extant and extinct ruminants with high-throughput phylogenomics
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This article is based partially on work supported by the US National Science Foundation grants DEB 074218 to F.W.A
also received support from the Walton Family Foundation and research grants PTDC/BIA-BDE/65625/2006 and PTDC/CVT/69438/2006 from the Portuguese Science Foundation
Lowe for endless EndNote tutoring to F.W.A
Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos
The authors declare no competing financial interests
The ability to detect local adaptation depends on gametic disequilibrium between the genotyped markers and loci under selection
A locus that has no effect on adaptation because all genotypes have the same fitness
The probability that two alleles in an individual are both descended from a single allele in an ancestor (that is
An abbreviation for contiguous sequence; used to indicate a contiguous piece of DNA that is assembled from shorter overlapping sequence reads
The study of the collective genomic material contained in an environmental sample of microorganisms
facilitated by high-throughput sequencing technology that allows the direct sequencing of heterogeneous samples
An organism that lives within the cells of a host organism
The loss of vigour and fitness that is observed when genome-wide homozygosity is increased by inbreeding
Heritable changes in genotype or phenotype that result in increased fitness
Interbreeding of individuals from genetically distinct populations
regardless of the taxonomic status of the populations
Reduced fitness of F1 or F2 individuals after a cross between two species or populations
It can result from genetic incompatibility or reduced adaptation to local environmental conditions
The size of the ideal population that would experience the same amount of genetic drift as the observed population
A genome location (or marker or base pair) that shows behaviour or a pattern of variation that is extremely divergent from the rest of the genome (locus-specific effects)
as revealed by simulations or statistical tests
A measure of population subdivision that indicates the proportion of genetic diversity found between populations relative to the amount within populations
A marked reduction in population size followed by the survival and expansion of a small random sample of the original population
It often results in the loss of genetic variation and more frequent matings among closely related individuals
A Bayesian model in which the prior depends on another parameter that is not in the likelihood function and that can vary and have another prior
A set of genetic markers that are present on a single chromosome and that show complete or nearly complete gametic disequilibrium
They are inherited through generations without being changed by crossing-over or other recombination mechanisms
The production of new genetic combinations in hybrid populations through recombination
A means of investigating the shared genealogical history of genes
A genealogy is constructed backwards in time starting with the present-day sample
Lineages coalesce when they have a common ancestor
A term that describes the difference in average fitness between genotypes when fitness is measured relative to the average fitness of one of the genotypes (known as the reference genotype)
A collection of populations of a species found in differing geographic locations and with restricted gene flow (exchange of genes) between the populations
The proportion of alleles in a hybrid swarm or individual that comes from each of the hybridizing taxa
The dependency of the effects of alleles at one locus on the genotypes at other loci in the genome
The selective reduction in frequency of deleterious recessive alleles in small populations because the increase in homozygosity increases the ability of selection to act on recessive alleles
An allele shared by two related individuals is said to be identical-by-descent if the allele is inherited from the same common ancestor
A measure of whether alleles at two loci in a population occur in a non-random fashion
Statistical errors in which a true null hypothesis is rejected (type I) or a false null hypothesis is not rejected (type II)
A short DNA fragment (several hundred base pairs) produced by reverse transcription of mRNA into DNA
The timing of periodic biological phenomena that are usually correlated with climatic conditions
including markers in genes under selection
in spatially referenced samples collected across a landscape and often across selection gradients
It uses comparisons of adaptive and neutral variation to quantify the effects of landscape features and environmental variables on gene flow and spatial genetic variation
A classification of populations that have substantial reproductive isolation which has led to adaptive differences so that the population represents a significant evolutionary component of the species
A classification under the Endangered Species Act of the United States that allows for legal protection of populations that are distinct
relatively reproductively isolated and represent a significant evolutionary lineage to the species
A local population that is managed as a unit owing to its demographic independence
Gene flow between populations or species whose individuals hybridize
When hybrid individuals have greater fitness than either of the parental types
The use of molecular genetic markers to increase the response to selection in a population by the favouring of reproduction by individuals with a certain allele or genotype
The marker is closely linked to a quantitative trait locus
The recovery in the average fitness of individuals through increased gene flow into small populations
typically following a fitness reduction due to inbreeding depression
A genetically based skeletal disorder that affects the development of cartilage
The study of the effect of individual alleles or genotypes on the species composition
diversity or functioning of a community or ecosystem
Changes in or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
such as DNA methylation and histone modifications
Demographic values that affect population growth (for example
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passed away suddenly May 9 following a stroke
A retired teacher and longtime resident of Edgartown
he was tending to the flowers as caretaker of the grounds at an estate on Martha&#8217;s Vineyard at the time
He earned his undergraduate degree in Political Science at the University of Vermont in 1957 and later acquired a Master&#8217;s degree in education
He began teaching in Massachusetts and then relocated to Underhill
While there he made many lasting friendships with the wonderful teachers and staff at ADL
he went on several sailing adventures to see places he had taught his students about
Memorable trips with his friends Oliver Gardner and Steve Elliott included travel to Cuba
After all these adventures he decided to settle down on Martha&#8217;s Vineyard
Peter was an active community member in Underhill
He served as a selectman and was the moderator for the Chittenden East School Board
He was also a member of the Board of Civil Authority
He was a volunteer fireman for eight years
He also served in the Vermont Legislature in the early 1980s as a Democratic Representative
Peter was very proud of his work to help pass legislation that made wearing seatbelts mandatory in Vermont
was one of his favorite accomplishments with business partner Wesley &#8220;Tippy&#8221; Jacobs
In 1958 he married Clare Dyer and they had three children
He often gave Clare all the credit for raising the children he was so proud of
He is survived by his three children: the eldest child
Ryan and Danielle Allendorf; and his youngest daughter
Catherine and Elizabeth Alexander of Derby
His six grandchildren meant the world to him and enjoyed visiting him on the Island
He also cherished his visits to their homes
He leaves behind the mother of his children and dear friend
He also leaves his companion of many years on the Vineyard
He also leaves his cousins Nancy Bloomfield from Sharon
Richard Allendorf and Mary Brown from Norwood
Peter&#8217;s family would like to extend their thanks to the Boch family for being such an important part of his life on the Vineyard
He was especially fond of his chats over the years with Barbara
The family would like to thank the staff of Martha&#8217;s Vineyard Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital for their outstanding care of Peter over the years and their compassion through this especially difficult time
Peter continued to educate and inspire those around him throughout his life
Cole and Gleason Funeral Home in Edgartown is in charge of arrangements
As per Peter&#8217;s wishes there will not be a service
The family plans a celebration of his life at a future date
donations in his memory can be made to the Underhill-Jericho Fire Department
VT 05489 or to the Martha&#8217;s Vineyard Boys &amp; Girls Club
The MV Times comment policy requires first and last name for all comments
heavy snow and gusting wind across western Montana had devolved into a blizzard
Missoula city officials issued an emergency order
urging people to stay off the roads and indoors
University of Montana professor Fred Allendorf and his wife
spending the afternoon inside their home in Missoula&#x27;s Rattlesnake neighborhood
in a house that sits directly below the western-facing slope of Mount Jumbo
below 10 degrees,&quot; Allendorf remembered
And we met to talk about what we were going to do for supper.&quot;
Allendorf&#x27;s life was turned upside down
&quot;While we were having that conversation
being face down with a house on top of me.&quot;
a term that was previously unknown to the Missoula vernacular
had been triggered high above on Mount Jumbo
on a path leading it straight through Allendorf&#x27;s home
How two children in the area were also buried
How neighbors overcame the shock of what had happened and rushed to their aid
How friends and first responders braved subzero temperatures and the threat of a gas leak and further avalanches to dig for hours until all four people had been unearthed
who could not overcome her injuries and the hours she spent buried beneath the rubble
I wasn&#x27;t sure what I was going to do,&quot; Allendorf said
while Allendorf was recovering from his own injuries with family in Wisconsin
and I wasn&#x27;t sure what I was going to do
and all of a sudden it just came to me -- Missoula was my home
I was going back there,&quot; he explained
Most people also don&#x27;t know that the thought of what his friends experienced that day in February still brings him to tears now
&quot;I just imagine what it felt like to them,” he said
&quot;I had Michel and I underneath the snow
not knowing if they would ever find us or if we were already dead
So I just always imagined what it must have felt like to them.&quot;
He says in the months and years that followed his return to Missoula
he still hadn&#x27;t quite accepted what had happened
A new house has been rebuilt where Allendorf&#x27;s once stood
&quot;I felt then -- and I still feel now -- that this was sort of an addition to my life,&quot; Allendorf said
It was more an addendum or an extension to my life.&quot;
Loveland, Ohio &#8211; The Loveland Board of Education met on September 24 and Amy Allendorf spoke at the beginning of the meeting about the combined operating and bond levy of 16.78-mil that will be before voters on the November 5 ballot. (<a title="Loveland Board of Education asks for combined 16.78-mill levy" href="https://lovelandmagazine.com/loveland-board-of-education-asks-for-combined-16-78-mill-levy/" rel="bookmark">Loveland Board of Education asks for combined 16.78-mill levy)</a>
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Volume 9 - 2018 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00532">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00532</a>
Although genetic diversity ultimately determines the ability of organisms to adapt to environmental changes
conservation assessments like the widely used International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Criteria do not explicitly consider genetic information
Including a genetic dimension into the IUCN Red List Criteria would greatly enhance conservation efforts
because the demographic parameters traditionally considered are poor predictors of the evolutionary resilience of natural populations to global change
Here we perform the first genomic assessment of genetic diversity
and patterns of local adaptation in tropical plant species belonging to different IUCN Red List Categories
Employing RAD-sequencing we identified tens of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an endangered narrow-endemic and a least concern widespread morning glory (Convolvulaceae) from Amazonian savannas
a highly threatened and under-protected tropical ecosystem
Our results reveal greater genetic diversity and less spatial genetic structure in the endangered species
Whereas terrain roughness affected gene flow in both species
forested and mining areas were found to hinder gene flow in the endangered plant
Finally we implemented environmental association tests and genome scans for selection
and identified a higher proportion of candidate adaptive loci in the widespread species
These mainly contained genes related to pathogen resistance and physiological adaptations to life in nutrient-limited environments
Our study emphasizes that IUCN Red List Criteria do not always prioritize species with low genetic diversity or whose genetic variation is being affected by habitat loss and fragmentation
and calls for the inclusion of genetic information into conservation assessments
our study exemplifies how landscape genomic tools can be employed to assess the status
threats and adaptive responses of imperiled biodiversity
the genetic consequences of habitat degradation and fragmentation in relation to the IUCN Red List Categories remain largely unexplored
genomic tools have never been employed to validate this categorization
which involve deforestation of montane savannas
and other types of environmental disturbances
The close phylogenetic proximity and contrasting distribution ranges of these two species offer an ideal opportunity to assess genetic diversity and the consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation on plants sharing a similar evolutionary history but belonging to different IUCN Red List Categories
the use of thousands of genetic markers broadly distributed across the entire genome of our study species
provides high resolution measures of genetic diversity and robust estimates of gene flow and signatures of adaptation
We hypothesized that extent of occurrence (IUCN Red List Criterion B
see Data Sheet 1) would determine genetic diversity
and susceptibility to habitat loss and fragmentation
thereby influencing patterns of local adaptation
We thus formulated the following predictions: (i) With a narrow distribution range I
cavalcantei is likely to show lower genetic diversity and higher spatial genetic structure across different montane savanna highlands than the analyzed populations of the broadly distributed I
maurandioides; (ii) Gene flow is probably affected by the structure of natural landscapes in both species
but landscape modifications by mining are more likely to hinder gene flow in the narrowly-distributed I
landscape effects on gene flow are expected to show time-lags determined by the generation time of each species (&#x0007E;20 years for I
maurandioides); (iii) Although similar adaptations to the extreme montane savanna environments are expected in both species
genetic drift is likely stronger in the narrowly-distributed species
We therefore expect to find weaker adaptive signals (a lower proportion of candidate loci) in I
Figure 1. Map of the study region showing the location of the collected samples from I. cavalcantei and I. maurandioides. The location of the Caraj&#x000E1;s Mineral Province within Brazil is shown on the upper left corner. An elevation map (from USGS Earth Explorer) is shown overlaid with a land cover color map (from <a style="color:grey;" href="#B80">Souza-Filho et al., 2016</a>)
DNA samples were shipped to SNPSaurus (<a href="http://snpsaurus.com/">http://snpsaurus.com/</a>) for sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Briefly, nextRAD genotyping-by-sequencing libraries were prepared (<a href="#B70">Russello et al., 2015</a>)
considering genome sizes (both species showed a similar genome size
Genomic DNA was first fragmented with Nextera reagent (Illumina
which also ligates short adapter sequences to the ends of the fragments
The Nextera reaction was scaled for fragmenting 10 ng of genomic DNA
although 15 ng of genomic DNA was used for input to compensate for the amount of degraded DNA in the samples and to increase fragment sizes
with one of the primers matching the adapter and extending 9 nucleotides into the genomic DNA with the selective sequence GTGTAGAGC (only fragments starting with a sequence that could be hybridized by the selective sequence of the primer were efficiently amplified)
The nextRAD libraries were then sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 (University of Oregon)
Each species was sequenced on three lanes with 150 bp reads
considering only the samples originating from Serra Norte (where the species is sympatric with I
We then ran mixed effects linear models containing individual-level genetic diversity estimates (HE and F) as response variables
and highland ID as a random effect (see Figure S2)
Likelihood ratio tests (&#x003B1; = 0.05) were then employed to compare reduced models without each predictor variable
All models were validated by plotting residual vs
fitted values and by checking for multicollinearity and residual autocorrelation
To evaluate if adaptive signals differed between species we used a Chi-square test to compare the number of contigs containing candidate SNPs in relation to all the tested contigs
searching for go terms and pathways along the respective annotation databases (Interpro
Figure 2. Map showing I. maurandioides assignments to four genetic clusters against an elevation map (from USGS Earth Explorer). Pie charts represent ancestry coefficients determined using the LEA package. Montane savanna highlands (from <a style="color:grey;" href="#B80">Souza-Filho et al., 2016</a>) are shown in green
univariate land cover models from all the tested years (1994
and 2013) were found to influence patterns of genetic relatedness in I
where only land cover resistance distances from year 1994 were included in the set of best-fitting models (Table S4)
The best land cover models for both species consistently revealed that forested and mining areas impose a higher resistance to gene flow than montane savanna areas (Table S5)
Spatial autocorrelation in genetic relatedness for I
The black solid lines are the LOESS fit to the observed relatedness
while the grey shaded regions are 95% confidence bounds around the null expectation (black dotted lines)
Short vertical lines at the bottom of each figure are observed pairwise distances
Model selection summary showing the best MLPE models (&#x00394;AICc &#x02264; 2) for each species
Summary statistics of the best MLPE models (&#x00394;AICc &#x02264; 2) for each species
Only a subset of the identified putative adaptive genes contained InterPro annotations (40 in I
we found annotated genes shared between both species that were associated with the same environmental variables (Table S7)
Summary of the number of adaptive signals detected using environmental association and FSToutlier tests
Venn diagram showing the intersection of sequences (contigs) containing candidate SNPs for I
Putative adaptive loci were identified using environmental association tests and genome scans (Fst outlier tests)
and the environmental variables used differed between species (I
cavalcantei: Minimum Temperature of Coldest Month
Precipitation of Warmest Quarter and Precipitation of Wettest Quarter; I
maurandioides: Minimum Temperature of Coldest Month
Precipitation of Coldest Quarter and Precipitation of Wettest Quarter)
Employing RAD sequencing to genotype thousands of genetic markers in two congeneric and sympatric morning glories from Amazonian savannas
and patterns of local adaptation in species belonging to different IUCN Red List Categories
Our results reveal higher genetic diversity and lower genetic differentiation in the endangered I
cavalcantei compared to the analyzed populations of the least concern I
Terrain roughness influenced gene flow in both species and temperature and precipitation were meaningful predictors of genetic relatedness patterns in I
whereas resistance to gene flow associated with forested and mining areas in existence two decades ago was found to influence IBR patterns in the narrowly distributed I
we identified a set of putative adaptive genes associated to the same environmental variables in both species
suggesting most populations were at mutation-drift equilibrium
Our results therefore fail to support the incidence of founder effects
cavalcantei data do not allow us assessing restrictions to gene flow due to land cover changes that occurred after 1994
We therefore caution about a higher incidence of Type I errors in our FST outlier tests
and highlight the need for follow-up studies involving different analytical approaches or functional validation
we note that many other genes occurring in the flanking regions of our candidate SNPs could be responsible for the detected adaptive signals
so fine genomic mapping is necessary to confirm these genes
requires access to a large database of heterozygosity values from related species in order to establish a cut off value
Since we do not have access to such a database we cannot implement this novel approach to re-assess IUCN Red List Categories
we base our conservation recommendations on the 50/500 rule
which showed comparatively higher genetic diversity and high levels of gene flow across its entire occurrence range
conservation efforts should be oriented to preserve long-term evolutionary potential (Ne &#x0003E; 500)
precautionary conservation measures should aim at maintaining Ne &#x0003E; 50 within each population to avoid short term inbreeding depression in I
Although land cover was found to influence gene flow in the the narrow-endemic species
overall population panmixia indicates that a substantial level of genetic connectivity is maintained across the fragmented habitat of I
we identified possible adaptations for life in Amazonian savannas
which could inform future conservation and restoration programs
but would like to stress out that the demographic parameters employed to assess conservation status two decades ago have remained unchanged in the age of next-generation-sequencing and meta-genomics
designed and coordinated the project; RJ and VI-F: initiated the project; RJ
and AG: coordinated the field work and sampling; &#x000C9;L
The first draft of the paper was written by &#x000C9;L with input from RJ
All authors contributed to discussing the results and editing the paper
Funding was provided by Instituto Tecnol&#x000F3;gico Vale
CNPq grants 307479/2016-1 (GO) and 300714/2017-3 (&#x000C9;L)
CAPES MSc scholarship 88882.161651/2017-01 (WM)
Cesar Neto and Xavier Prous for assistance in the field
and Manoel Lopes for help in the laboratory
and three Referees substantially improved earlier versions of the manuscript
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.00532/full#supplementary-material">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.00532/full#supplementary-material</a>
Genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in plant populations: Susceptible signals in plant traits and methodological approaches
Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals
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Received: 20 December 2017; Accepted: 05 April 2018; Published: 07 May 2018
Copyright &#x000A9; 2018 Lanes, Pope, Alves, Carvalho Filho, Giannini, Giulietti, Imperatriz-Fonseca, Monteiro, Oliveira, Silva, Siqueira, Souza-Filho, Vasconcelos and Jaff&#x000E9;. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
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The number of Bengal tigers is growing in Nepal’s Chitwan National Park — a United Nations World Heritage Site
and their population is flourishing along with the forests that local communities have actively protected
These community forests create important buffer zones that surround protected areas of the terai; a plains region with wetlands
this conservation success story has led to a growing number of human-wildlife conflicts
The rise in tiger population has been accompanied by a growing number of people being injured or killed by the animals
compared with just six human deaths in the preceding nine years
researchers decided to map how people felt about tigers and their conservation
They found that people living in wealthier areas — less risky places for tiger attacks — were more compassionate toward the big cats
Gender also affected conservation attitudes
with women less likely to be positive about the endangered animals
Teasing out the values that people hold toward conservation — and the differing reasons they hold those values — is the focus of research by conservation biologist Teri Allendorf
assistant scientist at the University of Wisconsin in Madison
Allendorf has dug deeply into the varying perspectives of individuals within communities
has found that women are often left out of conservation work — depriving them of information that might lead to support for those efforts
then opportunities for success may be missed
This gender bias against conservation plays out in developed countries
“If we better understood the diversity of people’s perspectives in communities
then as conservation biologists we might be better able to interact and work with people to achieve our mutual goals,” says Allendorf
Mongabay: With a PhD in conservation biology
how did you end up studying human attitudes instead of animals
because I got my bachelor’s degree [from Northwestern University] in anthropology and I was a Peace Corps fisheries volunteer in Nepal before I went to grad school
I thought I’d do something ecological because I came from more of a science background
until I realized what really drove me was understanding what people think
India and Nepal to understand what people think about protected areas and sacred and community forests
It is often as simple as going door-to-door and asking people what they perceive as the benefits and problems of the protected areas
It turns out that [peoples’] ideas about ecosystem services are good predictors of whether someone will say they like a protected area [or not]
When communities have positive feelings toward protected areas
then conservation projects have more favorable outcomes
One source of problems: often the protected area’s staff [don’t] know how to work with their communities; they think [it has to be] an antagonistic relationship
But [when you use] simple tools to learn what people [in communities] actually think — such as our surveys — suddenly [the staff] sees a platform for engaging with locals
a warden had the idea of working with local hotel owners to build garbage bins along the busy road to Kyaiktiyo Pagoda
The project gave the warden a reason to talk with these businesses and form relationships
That’s the key to a lot of conservation projects; those first contacts
and working together are the foundation for building positive relationships
that’s been the thrust of what I’ve done: to articulate and elucidate those values that people have
to move us away from thinking only in terms of the economic benefits of conservation
Mongabay: What did you discover in talking with Nepali communities about tigers
Allendorf: I collaborated with Neil Carter
a wildlife conservationist now at Boise State University in Idaho
who was [then] studying one area of Chitwan where he’d already explored how the higher likelihood of a tiger attack near someone’s home made them less compassionate toward the animals
we used the surveys he had conducted with 499 people
which asked people a series of questions about their socioeconomic status
women were less positive than the men about tigers
And it was a difference in beliefs that accounted for about two-thirds of that gender gap
women were less likely to believe that tigers contribute to maintaining a healthy forest
The lessons we pulled out of the tiger studies are so similar to studies [from my previous work] about attitudes toward protected areas in Myanmar and China
People who understand ecosystems and how things all work together
And that was also key when you looked at attitudes toward tigers
women were less likely to have positive attitudes toward protected areas because they were less likely to perceive ecosystem benefits from them
And these attitudes come from a lack of knowledge about these protected areas
The women tend to have less formal education
They also have less access to public meetings and community groups [who are working on conservation issues]
research shows that — when you break it down by gender — women tend to know less about the environment and are less likely to participate in environmental activities outside the home (although they are highly involved in home-based activities
Women are also less involved in wildlife conservation in government positions and in research
Mongabay: How can gender perceptions impact conservation
Allendorf: It has big implications for management and how you can approach projects differently
in studies of forestry groups in Nepal and India
research shows that when more women are involved
there’s more monitoring and better rule enforcement
Despite poverty and low education throughout the country
Nepal is very progressive in thinking about conservation and community involvement
But everyone struggles in terms of how to get women involved
Women are constrained by time burdens; the more meetings you want to have
the harder it is to get women to participate because they don’t have the time
The impact of access to information is interesting because that may be a piece that conservationists are missing out on
Finding other ways to give women access to information
so they can figure out their own ways to integrate it into their lives
may work better than thinking about [women] as agents who we want to act in one way or another
more information about protected areas could affect intra-household bargaining
the ways people negotiate decision making within a household
Most of the community forestry groups in Nepal are run by older men
because the younger men go to the Middle East to find better paying work
the young men told me their wives were not supportive of them staying at home to protect the forest because they would earn less money
If their wives were more supportive of maintaining the environment
then households might make different decisions about where they invest their time
I’m trying to figure out the human aspects that affect conservation so we can better conserve biodiversity
(2013) Gender and attitudes toward protected areas in Myanmar
(2007) Residents&#8217; attitudes toward three protected areas in southwestern Nepal
(2013) The role of ecosystem services in park–people relationships: the case of Gaoligongshan nature reserve in Southwest China
(2009) Gender and forest conservation: the impact of women&#8217;s participation in community forest governance
Spatial assessment of attitudes toward tigers in Nepal
Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation
Kim Moberg and Ric Allendorf PHOTO COURTESY OF RICK ALLENDORF/RACHEL MOBERG
there’s a haunting quality to Kim Moberg’s music
Melancholic melodies and stories of separation and reunion are Moberg’s songwriting staples
Moberg has recently begun performing as part of the duo Kim and Ric
 I am an Alaskan native of the Tlingit tribe
My father met my mother while he was stationed in Juneau
attending 10 different schools in 12 years
My mother was a classical pianist from age 6 and music has been part of my being since before I can remember
it would be the first thing that connected me to my husband
We grew up with an appreciation for all musical genres – classical
When I was 14 years old my mother bought an inexpensive guitar and taught herself to play so that she could earn some money giving lessons to kids in the neighborhood
There wasn’t money for formal music lessons
but I took a year of guitar (lessons) from my mom and had to earn my lessons by typing up the lyrics and chord sheets for the other students
my younger sister (Kelly) was diagnosed with stage four breast cancer – the same disease that stole the life of my mom at 63 years old
I tried to think of ways that could I help long distance and the only thing that kept coming to mind was a benefit concert to raise money toward medical expenses
The bravery with which she faced her illness was so inspiring to me and I thought that if she could face cancer
then I could certainly overcome stage fright for a concert
Three years ago we hosted the first Concert for Kelly in our living room with 22 guests and three performers
I played through the panic for a 30-minute set
Steve Gregory (owner of Score Music in Sandwich)
invited me to play at our contemporary service
Thanks to his gentle encouragement (and) along with the support of my family and our congregation
I started to play there once a month and each time I gained more confidence
serving as secretary of Barnstable’s Friends of Gateway
I organized a fundraiser to benefit the school district’s Gateway program
thanks to local musicians who were eager to give their time and talent
I met local singer/songwriters Alicia Mathewson and Todd Nickerson
each of whom encouraged me to visit open mics
Todd invited me to the open mic hosted by Kathleen Healy at Harvest Wine Gallery in Dennis and it took me four months to get the courage up to go
Everyone was so kind and supportive that I went back the next week and have been going just about every Wednesday night since then
I feel extremely fortunate to live in an area where the music community is so accepting and supportive – always eager to mentor
I love playing covers because there are so many incredible songs to choose from and I like to find a song and make it my own
they are the songs that have the more intense emotional punch
I tend to be a very positive and happy person and I suppose playing those types of songs helps me to express and work through the sad emotions so that I can be a happier person
 I’m currently working on a song about my great grandmother
who was born in the late 1800s and lived in the Midwest
strength and ability to smile despite tremendous suffering will make a great story through song
It’s a story I think others would be able to identify with
has been the opportunity for collaboration
I’m very excited to have recently joined with a very talented singer/songwriter/guitarist
We’ve been working on vocal and guitar harmonies on both original and personalized cover songs with plans to write together in the near future
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Expatriate Australian jockey-turned-trainer Geoff Allendorf will end his 35-year involvement with Macau thoroughbred racing when the gambling mecca hosts its final race meeting on Saturday
just months after being told the sport had no future in the city
<a href="https://www.anzbloodstocknews.com/editions/2024-03/28/web/index.html"></a>
The rug was pulled from under the financially crippled Macau Jockey Club by Macau’s Special Administrative Region government in mid-January
giving the Asian jurisdiction’s racing participants just 11 weeks’ notice that their careers in the region were over
The shock announcement came about seven months after the Singapore government made a similar decision
axing racing in the Lion City last June with a 16-month grace period
was an accomplished rider who first came to Macau in 1989 when thoroughbred racing was re-established in the city as a replacement for harness racing and he later took out his trainer’s licence to continue his affiliation with the jurisdiction
Despite being disappointed he has been prematurely forced into retirement from training
permanent Macau resident Allendorf intends to remain in Asia for the foreseeable future to care for the horses left at Taipa racecourse when the curtain comes down on what was once a thriving racing industry
“The worst feeling about it is the disrespect shown to the owners [by the Jockey Club],” Allendorf told ANZ Bloodstock News this week
“They are wanting the owners to pay to relocate the horses and then they will reimburse them
but what the owners are worried about is that the club has been lying to them for the past year
six of which are likely to race at Taipa on Saturday at a venue where the trainer has won Macau Derbies and Gold Cups
“Some horses hopefully will go to New Zealand with the option of going to Australia from there
then a good amount of them might go to Malaysia and most of them will still go to China
like they used to,” the trainer said of the approximately 300 horses still housed at Macau’s racecourse
“Too many things can go wrong when you’re looking after them
let alone with somebody who isn’t going to take perfect care of them
it’s not a passion and mine’s been a passion for my entire life
“I’ll be here until my horses leave and if I have to look after anyone else&#8217;s
the current chief executive of the Clarence River Jockey Club at Grafton in Northern NSW
worked at the Macau Jockey Club in two stints
firstly in 2006 and 2007 and then again for three years from 2011
but it was still more than holding its own within the Asian market,” Beattie said
“We had 700 to 800 horses there and even the second time when I was there
we raced two days a week on most occasions with seven to eight races which almost always had capacity fields
I was running a stewards’ inquiry one night into interference in a race and I had jockeys from nine different countries giving evidence at the one inquiry
unique even in the Asian region because they essentially ran half their race meetings on turf and half their race meetings on the sand surface
“There was pretty much something for every horse and there were a lot of horses that were very good sand horses that were essentially turf maidens and vice versa.”
the Macau SAR government rescinded the MJC’s betting concession contract
even though it had only been renewed last year and was due to run through until August 31
The first nails in the Macau racing industry’s coffin occurred in the early 2000s when the Hong Kong Jockey Club successfully lobbied for cross-border betting to be banned
meaning Hong Kong residents could not wager on Macau race meetings through betting shops in the city
Beattie also blamed the MJC for its lack of promotion of the sport to tourists and locals alike
“A lot of people came to Macau to gamble and left Macau after having been at the casinos without even really being aware that the racecourse existed,” he said
“They were always very member focused but not particularly public focused and I think that was probably to their detriment in the end
was there were some changes in the early 2000s to the cross-border betting arrangements with Hong Kong and that certainly had a detrimental effect on Macau being able to grow its gambling product.”
whose training rivals include fellow expatriate Australians Gary Moore and his son Nick
believes the fact the MJC was privately owned
I can tell you that now without a doubt,” he said
“If somebody said you’ve got to put every dollar that you’ve earnt
I’d put everything into it because all the casinos want to get involved but they can’t be involved with private enterprise.”
January’s announcement still came as a shock to Beattie
The product was so good and if it was properly managed and properly promoted it had so much to offer,” the administrator said
“I am disappointed that the Macau government has indicated that they’re not interested
of listening to any other applications to reopen the venue
will be felt across Australasian racing and breeding sectors
$11,603,000 was spent by the Macau Jockey Club on 223 horses at public auction
Magic Millions and New Zealand Bloodstock two-year-old sales
there was also a significant private sales market for Australian and New Zealand horses to race in Macau
“I am not talking about the million&#8211;dollar horses
and Singapore would have had an even higher figure
the Macau Jockey Club was buying 20 to 30 horses at the ready to run sales year-on-year,” Beattie said
“While 30 might not seem like a significant number
where it becomes interesting is of those horses that have been sold
but it is the other 100 horses they bid on and drive the price up
so as a consequence of that it’s going to have a really huge effect
“It may take a while to bite but it’ll bite and it’s going to hurt us.”
Allendorf will attend the Royal Ascot Meeting in the UK in June with one of his sons and when he does eventually return to Australia he may reside on the Gold Coast
is he won’t be taking out a trainer’s licence upon his return to his home country
“You’ve got to be big and I don’t have any history in Australia
I haven’t ridden there for 30-something years,” Allendorf said
“The middle-of-the-road trainer who earns wages &#8211; I’ve got a lot of friends who do that and they work hard &#8211; whereas I have been in Asia and spoiled
but I won&#8217;t get up at 3.30 in the morning at 67 years of age and work all day and travel to all these race meetings
I haven’t got the connections to get that many horses
if you’re a big owner I wouldn’t be looking for a 67-year-old
“I’d be looking for someone on the way up.”
Allendorf felt more for his peers than himself
not only in Macau but in Singapore as well
given the situation they find themselves in
Singapore racing is slated to end on October 5
“We’ve got the two Moores here at the moment
it just pulls the rug right out from under them
It is sadder for them than it is for someone older like me or Nick’s father Gary,” he said
but I’d hate to be in my early 30s and for it to happen.”
Beattie added: “What concerns me more than the expats
is the local people who have been employed in and around horses and horseracing for the last 20 or 25 years and essentially have no other skill level in a society where it is going to be difficult to get a job.”
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Murphy Allendorf is set to make her international debut for the Australian women’s hockey team
in the trans-tasman series and International Festival of Hockey this November
Allendorf will be part of a quartet of NSWIS athletes in the Hockeyroos squad
which also includes Rio Olympian Georgina Morgan
goalkeeper Jocelyn Bartram and Mathilda Carmichael
who is shelving the cricket bat to make her return to the national squad
The trans-Tasman series will see a team of 18 players travel to Auckland
New Zealand for a three-match test series against the New Zealand Black Sticks
Meanwhile the International Festival of Hockey will follow soon after and also have a team of 18 in Melbourne for a three-game series against India
Last weekend Allendorf and Morgan were members of the NSW Arrows team that beat the Canberra Strikers to bronze at the Australian Hockey League (AHL)
Putting her hand up for national selection in that game was Allendorf
who delivered the killer punch to Canberra and sent a field goal into the back of the net
Her goal sealed a come from behind victory for NSW
<a href="https://www.nswis.com.au/nswis-news/double-bronze-for-nsw-teams-at-australian-hockey-league/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">You can read more about the Arrows bronze medal victory HERE.</a> 
Also making their debut will be Kalindi Commerford from the ACT and Ashlea Fey from Queensland’s Sunshine Coast
Brisbane’s Audrey Smith will be the team’s second goalkeeper behind Olympian Ashlee Wells for the New Zealand tour
while Bartram will take over for the International Festival of Hockey
One of the more interesting stories among the selected athletes is that of Carmichael
who after missing a place on the Australian Olympic Team filled in her spare time playing cricket
After switching she amassed 337 runs in six games
leading the West Australian Cricket Association to offer her a playing contract
Carmichael subsequently signed with the Perth Scorchers for the second edition of the women’s Big Bash League
and will now have her hands full over summer as she juggles both her hockey and cricket commitments
For Hockeyroos head coach Jason Duff his selection has been about creating a balanced team that would give players
the chance to have an impact in differing roles
“We have selected a talented and exciting group of athletes which is quite balanced across the field,” Duff said
“To provide support for the seven Rio athletes we have nine athletes that will have an opportunity to press their claim and continue their Hockeyroos careers
We believe that the base of experience that we have will provide a good platform for Ashlea Fey
Murphy Allendorf and Kalindi Commerford who will make their Hockeyroos debuts
The Hockeyroos will begin their busy month with the trans-Tasman test series from November 17-20
while the International Festival of Hockey will follow soon after from November 23-30
The NSW Institute of Sport acknowledges the Aboriginal people
and pays respect to our Aboriginal Elders – past
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