and for most of his life he divided the world into two categories: what he thought useful (science) and what he thought frivolous (almost everything else)
It wasn’t that he disdained other things—art
It was that he couldn’t see the point of pretending that knowledge
But he was disappointed when I decided to study math
Math was tricky ground for him: it could be useful
He saw math as the thin edge of the entertainment wedge
once you engaged with Fermat’s Last Theorem
I mention Dad’s preference for evidence-based reasoning not because I have any grievances to air
<a href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/andre-alexis-06-20-22">André Alexis on grief, absurdity, and horses.</a>
when talking about his lifelong fascination with horses
but “auf der Horst” sounds like “auf der Horse,” and this homonym allowed Dad to suggest that it was inevitable he would own horses
And own horses he did: five in the course of his adult life
And I assumed it had something to do with his playful side when
shortly after buying his fifth and final horse
a nameless gelding that he’d saved from slaughter
he called me into his office at home and asked me to do him a favor
“I want you to make me a catalogue of the most famous horses in literature.”
I thought you said that literature’s useless.”
My dad could not tell a joke to save his life
The last time I remember him telling one was sometime in the eighties: Three logicians walk into a bar
“Would all of you like a drink?” The first logician says
“Yes.” I also recall my mom forbidding him to ever tell jokes again
a ban we both thought necessary and thus forced on him in a kind of intervention
Podcast: The Writer’s Voice<a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-writers-voice/andre-alexis-reads-houyhnhnm">Listen to André Alexis read “Houyhnhnm.”</a>
In any event, I was happy to create a catalogue of horses for him. It was the first time he’d asked me to do research, and it pleased me to be useful. Of course, I hadn’t realized how exhausting the task would be. Literature is so replete with horses, I could have written a full thesis just to give him a sense of how influential horses have been in the human imagination.
(Some fifteen years later, I don’t remember much about the research I did, save the intense boredom I felt as I combed “The Poetic Edda” for mentions of a horse named Glad or perused Celtic mythology for stories about kelpies, demons who take the form of horses. It was a relief, back then, to write about Frou-Frou and Rocinante, Black Beauty and Cigarette—literary horses I was already familiar with.)
After I’d listed, indexed, and described hundreds of horses, I was naturally curious about why he’d asked me to do this in the first place. But no reason was forthcoming. He paid me a few dollars and then refused to say anything more about it. I had to settle for the fact that he named his gelding Xan, which I took to be an allusion to Xanthus, one of Achilles’ horses.
The horse himself offered no clue to Dad’s state of mind. Xan was average height (five feet seven from hooves to withers) and average weight (somewhere around a thousand pounds). He was a purebred Friesian, with a shiny black coat and a white spot on his forehead in the shape of a lozenge. His flanks rippled at a touch, and his mane was long and thick, because although Dad groomed him, he never dressed Xan’s mane or tail.
On hearing my mom’s accounts of Dad’s behavior, I admit I grew anxious. The man she described resembled my father less and less. Then not at all. Yet, whenever I returned home, I could see for myself that Dad spent hours with Xan, talking to the horse, walking him around the man-made pond, and reading to him—or was he reading to himself?—from Asimov’s nonfiction.
Further complicating matters was the fact that Dad would not discuss Xan. If he said anything at all, it was that the time he spent with his horse was private. We were free to admire and pet Xan whenever we liked, Mom and I, but he made it clear that their solitude—his and Xan’s—was beneficial to and craved by both of them.
I thought he was losing his mind, and I began to mourn him from the moment I first saw them—Xan and Dad—walking in their fenced-in, emerald world, Dad laughing at God knows what, as if deep in conversation with the horse.
Those years were good for my mom, too, I believe. Her husband was not an invalid. He earned a great living as a doctor—a respected and popular M.D.—until he retired. And though she liked having him around, she learned to treasure the time she had for herself—that is, the mornings and evenings when Dad was communing with his horse.
Up until my dad’s death, my parents’ lives were what you could call eccentric but normal. Moreover, this new normal was very like the old one, save that Dad treated his horse with the kind of deference usually reserved for Presidents (when they are worthy) or potentates.
It isn’t accurate to say that dealing with Xan diverted me from grief. Nothing could have done that. But as I became more conscious of what I was doing—feeding, cleaning, and even (occasionally) talking to Xan—I found the discipline, the responsibility, and the schedule comforting. I’d been teaching at UMass Amherst for years by the time Dad died. And I was living just off South Pleasant, less than two miles away from my parents’ home, off Mill Valley.
Every day of the week, I would get up at five in the morning and spend two hours with Xan. On weekday evenings around six—earlier on weekends—I’d go back to feed Xan supper, to keep him company awhile, and to spend time with my mom, watching the Nollywood films she consumes.
Of course, Xan was also physically intimidating, as most horses are. If you have never been around horses, I’m not sure I can convey their heft. It’s a density that’s as psychological as it is physical, so that one approaches a horse with the idea of its stature as one of its dimensions. I don’t know if this is the right way to say it, but one brings a sense of horseness to one’s encounters with horses.
It’s possible that this thought was inspired by my research, and I suspect that, by having me create a catalogue of literary horses, Dad was trying to prepare me for life with Xan. But none of my thoughts, feelings, or ideas could really have prepared me for the moment when Xan spoke. I’m still surprised at how calm I was when, after we had spent months in each other’s company, Xan said, “I don’t suppose Robert is coming back.”
I thought, when I heard those words, that I was talking to myself, that I’d finally reached the limits of grief.
“I don’t mean to criticize,” said Xan, “but you could have told me earlier.”
I nodded, I think, or made some sign that I understood. But I went on brushing his flanks, and when that was done I left him. I went home, and cried again for the loss of my dad.
Over the next few days, Xan was his serene and wordless self, and I felt closer to him, amused that my grief had manifested in such a strange way—in my imagining that a horse could articulate my sense of loss.
The second time Xan spoke, I was frightened—not by Xan but by the thought that, grieving or not, I was losing my mind.
It was a morning in mid-March. Xan and I were walking in the field, where clumps of granular snow clung to the ground in unpredictable places. The field was muddy, but it was solid enough if we kept away from the outer edges where we often walked. I was thinking about grass seed, wondering how many bags of Scotts Turf Builder I’d need, when Xan said, “I’d like it if you’d read to me, Paul.”
His head was near mine but above it. I hadn’t seen his mouth and tongue move. So, with what seems, in retrospect, like incredible sang-froid, I asked Xan to repeat what he’d said. And this he did, his lips moving discreetly, his tongue barely shifting, his breath escaping in a small cloud. Watching him speak was like watching an elephant gracefully pick up a pea.
I suppose my sense of wonder overcame my fear. Thinking about the anatomy of a horse, its mouth in particular, I felt it should not have been possible for Xan to produce the sounds he did, as elegantly as he did. The “l”s in “like” and “Paul” and the “d”s in “I’d,” “you’d,” and “read”—which were distinct from the “t” in “it”—were skillfully done. Only the “e”s in “me” and “read” were unusual, as if half whistled. To be fair, this was likely because of his buckteeth.
“It should be impossible for you to speak,” I said.
“It’s taken a lot of work,” he answered. “There are words I still can’t say properly.”
This was the first of many instances in which I found it impossible to judge his attitude. Had I offended him when I mentioned his accent, or was he teasing me when he denied having one? His face was placid and unchanging. One of his eyes was looking at me, until he raised his head and his mane veiled it.
We walked on in silence then, until I remembered his request. “What would you like me to read?” I asked.
One of the most valuable aspects of my time with Xan was that, in speaking with him, I understood—truly understood—that words can only hint at what a psyche wants or needs. Although Xan and I spoke often after this moment, I was never certain—despite his use of words—if he possessed great depth, or, in fact, any depth at all. This was no doubt because his speaking was without affect, clear without being expressive.
“Poetry,” he answered. “I’d like poetry. Or Gertrude Stein.”
“Yes,” Xan said, “but he preferred science.”
When I inspected the books in Xan’s library, I saw that there were, indeed, several volumes of poetry. This was unnerving, because it was not easy to imagine my dad buying poetry for himself. In fact, it was like discovering a secret side to him, although, of course, technically speaking, this side of my dad belonged to Xan.
“I don’t have to think about what it means,” he answered. “Your father told me it doesn’t mean anything.”
Just the answer Dad would have given, though, for Dad, this would not have been any kind of recommendation. I was left wondering whether Xan actually liked poetry, whether he thought of it as a kind of intriguing chatter—like birdsong—or whether he listened to it in defiance of Dad.
It did not occur to me to seek professional help. I took solace in my situation, despite knowing how surreal it was. Moreover, I didn’t want my time with Xan to end, because it was, in a way, time with my dad. I mean, Xan was a being Dad had loved. When I was with him, I felt my dad’s personality and, to some extent, his presence, even. But time with Xan was time with Dad in another way, too.
Dad’s sense of humor, in particular, seemed to fascinate Xan. I imagine that, after Mom and I discouraged him from telling jokes, Dad needed an outlet. And so Xan became his—admittedly captive—audience.
Here, I’d like to point out that my dad’s jokes, when told by Xan, were still pointless. They were, however, funnier and more unnerving. In fact, it is difficult to convey the range of emotion I felt whenever Xan told me one of Dad’s jokes.
“What do you call a reindeer with one eye? No idea.”
I had, of course, heard it before. It had only ever been slightly funny to me, and that was only because Dad thought it was funny. But looking up at Xan as he told it, watching his lips and tongue move together as if dancing, hearing it in his slightly wobbly voice, I felt a confusion that must have shown on my face.
I explained to him then the play on words that gave the joke its purpose: the play of “eye” and “I,” the complicated pun on “no-eye deer” and “no idea.”
“I understand,” Xan said, “but did Robert really find this funny?”
“I found them hilarious,” said Xan. “That is why I remember them.”
I saw then that, in asking me if Dad found this joke funny, Xan had been testing me. He’d been trying to discover my sense of humor, not Dad’s. In fact, in the first year that I knew Xan, I often felt as if I were being tested or observed.
</a>“Very good. Now try reading it with the lights dimmed and the background music louder.”Cartoon by Ali SolomonCopy link to cartoonCopy link to cartoonLink copied
I remember the smell of Xan’s breath: like sour grass.
I remember the smell of Xan’s sweat: like rancid meat mixed with hay. I remember the movement of his teeth and tongue as he spoke.
I remember the swishing of his tail: deliberate at times, at times random. I remember the frissons that traversed his flanks.
I remember his eyes, great and glaucous, on either side of his head. There are incidents that I remember, too, of course.
I remember the moment I realized that my mom had, in fact, heard Xan speak, had likely heard his voice often. It was one morning, as we were eating breakfast together. Apropos of nothing at all, Mom said, “I see you have the same talent as your dad.”
“But it’s strange,” she said. “Your horse voice is the same as your dad’s. Did he teach you?”
“Oh, I see. You are the same as your dad. But Robert was better at it than you, you know. I can see your lips move when you do the horse. I never could with Rob.”
I remember when one of the neighbors confronted me about “my behavior.”
“Now, look,” he said. “Your dad was a good guy. But he was a little funny, the way he was with that horse. If I didn’t know Doc better, I’d have said he and that horse were bunking together. You know what I’m saying? I’m not saying your dad was a liberal, but who buys a house for a horse? And now it’s looking a little like you’re going that way, too. And I would feel better . . . we would all feel better if we knew there wasn’t anything funny with you and that horse.”
I’m not an angry man, not given to violence, but if the neighbor in question hadn’t been in his eighties I’d have hit him—for me, for Dad, and for Xan.
I remember the first time we walked into town. We took back fields before coming out on South Pleasant, then walked to Amherst Coffee and turned back. I recall this walk not because it was so different from others we would take but because, somewhere past the golf course, Xan stopped for a long while, looked over at the green valley in the distance, and asked if I knew the number of ants there were likely to be on Earth.
The moment before he spoke, I’d have sworn he was admiring the landscape.
For all my vivid impressions and memorable moments, though, Xan’s gradual decline is what has left the deepest mark on me. It is, unfortunately, the thing I can’t help remembering.
I suspect it began before I noticed it. The moment of noticing transfigures the moments that preceded it. So that, thinking back, the line is slightly blurred. But I began to notice his decline in part because Xan, who could do a fair imitation of Dad, failed while telling one of Dad’s worst jokes.
“Because they make up everything,” I answered.
Thinking he had some reason for wanting to say the punch line, I said, “Why?”
A minute later, the third time he told the joke, Xan said, “Why is it bad to trust fish?” He laughed, then said, “Because they make everything up.”
I let this go, thinking it was some kind of meta-humor, Xan’s attempt at surrealism, say. And he changed the subject. He began talking about sun flares. I remember this specifically, because I wondered if he was making a connection between atoms and flares of the sun. But he wasn’t.
A few days later, when Xan told me Dad’s joke about tuna, I began to trace his confusion. “What kind of fish is made of two sodium atoms?” Xan asked.
He had confused one joke with another. But the sad thing was not the misplaced punch line. It was Xan’s momentary distress. He was the same Xan. His expression was as unreadable as always. But the feel of him, the energy, was something like embarrassment.
One of my mom’s favorite sayings came from a philosopher named Epictetus: “No great thing comes into being all at once.” Dad hated this, of course. He’d bring up the big bang and say that the greatest thing of all (the universe) had come into being all at once, before time, even! On the balance, big bang excluded, I agree with Epictetus: most great things take time to happen. And so do catastrophes.
That was the idea that pursued me, as Xan grew less and less like himself.
The weeks following his punch-line mixup were, more or less, normal: I walked with him in the morning, spent time with him when I could. We spoke, as usual, of the things that interested us—my dad, the strangeness of Earth, the pleasures of a good lawn, the way life felt from Xan’s perspective, the meaning of God, the meaning of evil, and so on.
I found this loss particularly difficult. For one thing, Xan’s jokes reminded me of Dad, and, for another, it was like watching Xan gradually lose his humanity—if that’s the right word for it. (It is funny, in a way, that, for months, I longed for him to succeed at telling jokes that I would have discouraged anyone else from repeating.)
The subject that held his interest the longest was my dad. But then, somewhere near the end, just before Xan lost language—human language, anyway—he asked me, “Who is Robert?”
“My dad,” I answered. “The one who looked after you, before me.”
But I could tell he didn’t remember, and after that we did not speak about Dad.
As strange as it was to discover that Xan could speak, it was stranger still when he stopped. I went out to him, one morning, as usual. It was early June. And I greeted him as always. “Good morning, Xan,” I said. “Did you sleep well?”
Though sometimes he could be more critical. “I slept poorly,” he’d say. “The mattress is lumpy. I would prefer straw.”
But, on this morning, Xan neighed and shook his head. Then he snorted, anxious to go out, it seemed. More than that: he had shit all over the living room, and had strewn books about, having bitten them and eaten some of their pages.
But again he neighed, making a sound I associated with his unguarded moments, not with our conversations. And it’s putting it mildly to say that I found his behavior disturbing. It was as if I had entered someone’s home and been confronted by a farm animal, though Xan had never been that.
By the time I called Dr. Antony, a local vet, Xan had become whatever it is you call a dying creature who was once noble. He was still a horse, I guess, but that designation had never suited him, and although his decline had made him more horselike, “horse” still didn’t suit him. At least, not to my mind, because I could not forget his manner of speaking, his way of being, all the things that had distinguished him from the simply equine.
I called the vet because, several weeks before he died, Xan tried to bite me.
He’d grown listless. He walked around the field slowly, as if he resented the effort it took. And he stopped for long stretches of time, lost in thought or maybe just bewildered. On one of those occasions, when he’d been immobile for twenty minutes or so, I tried to coax him into moving. I spoke to him and stroked his neck. I meant the touch as an act of affection, but Xan turned to me and tried to bite my hand, distractedly snapping in my direction, his teeth clacking.
The vet was more worried about me than about Xan. Had he actually managed to bite me, it could have been serious. As far as Dr. Antony was concerned, Xan was old and there was nothing to be done about that. He advised me to have “the animal” put down. His intention was to save Xan from suffering, and he offered to do it for me and arrange to have the carcass taken away.
Of course, there was no question of allowing Xan to suffer. But neither was there a question of letting him be carted away and rendered. I struggled, trying to decide what to do and how to do it. I also struggled with the question of whether I was more upset by Xan’s decline or by the fact that he had turned into a mere horse.
I shot him and had his body buried in the field where he’d fallen.
So another grief—lesser, but still intense—followed the death of my dad. In fact, I think of it as an echo of the grief I felt at Dad’s passing, a grief that I had, ironically, begun to overcome right around the time that Xan began his final decline.
My mom, of course, felt differently about all of this. As Xan’s body was put into the pit I’d had dug in the yard, she said, “Well, that’s that, at least.”
“Honestly! You and your dad were obsessed with that horse. I’m glad it’s over. I was worried about Robert for years. And now it’s been years with you. I forbid you to get another horse while I’m still alive.”
Her attitude took me by surprise. Not just what she said but how she said it—with such bitterness. To me, it was as if a close friend had died and I was watching someone spit on his grave.
It was only then that I began to wonder about the exact nature of Mom’s relationship with Xan. And, in the days that followed, I found it difficult to speak to her.
But then: after Xan’s death, I was able to gauge the extent of my isolation and loneliness. I was aware of how much I had given up to walk with him every morning and evening. It was like those times when you’re too busy to be sick. Your work is too demanding, your nerves too frayed. But as soon as the work lessens and the nerves subside your body surrenders to illness. And so it was that when Xan died I understood at last how alone I had been, and I longed for company.
In a way, this comforted me, suggesting as it did that, in this matter at least, Dad and I had been close. We had shared the knowledge that Xan was extraordinary. ♦
at the Alltech International Equestrian Federation (FEI) World Equestrian Games
the Netherlands’ Rixt Van Der Horst was one of the biggest surprises
Riding Uniek, Van Der Horst beat Great Britain’s London 2012 double-gold medallist Natasha Baker to take both the individual and freestyle titles in the grade II competition. Those results repeated in September at the <a href="http://www.paralympic.org/news/orange-new-gold-para-equestrian-european-championships" target="_blank">Para-Equestrian European Dressage Championships</a>
Here are 11 interesting things about the 23-year-old: 
I started riding at the age of 5 as part of my physiotherapy
Also I loved horses from when I was a child
We competed with able-bodied riders and came second
When I’m riding I most enjoy being at one with my horse
having fun riding together and achieving success together with my whole team
But I don’t like when it's winter and freezing cold outside and you have to ride
My goal is always to have lots of fun riding with my horses; that is number one
And winning a gold medal at the Paralympic Games
I train very often for my physical health and fitness
Before I go into the competition arena I prepare together with my trainer and groom Dorien
She takes care of the horse and I prepare myself by listening to some music or having a little chat with my coach about my ride
I like it when there are not too many people around me so I can do my things - my hair
The evening before a competition I always drink a little glass of wine
A competition once went very well when I did that and since then it is a lucky charm
I really admire riders like Great Britain’s Lee Pearson
He's a very good rider and a great person and has won many medals already with different horses
When people talk about Rio 2016 I'm very excited
I get a great feeling inside me and I will do everything to be part of the Dutch team next year and go win a medal
<a href="/articles/s41408-021-00430-6/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Metrics details</a>
GEN3013) is a novel bispecific IgG1 antibody redirecting T-cells toward CD20+ tumor cells
we assessed the preclinical efficacy of epcoritamab against primary tumor cells present in the lymph node biopsies from newly diagnosed (ND) and relapsed/refractory (RR) B-NHL patients
In the presence of T-cells from a healthy donor
epcoritamab demonstrated potent activity against primary tumor cells
and 84% were achieved in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 16)
we discovered that the capacity of B-cell tumors to activate T-cells was heterogeneous and showed an inverse association with their surface expression levels of the immune checkpoint molecule Herpesvirus Entry Mediator (HVEM)
when lymph node (LN)-residing T-cells were the only source of effector cells
the epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity strongly correlated with local effector cell-to-target cell ratios
Further analyses revealed that LN-residing-derived or peripheral blood-derived T-cells of B-NHL patients
as well as heathy donor T-cells equally mediated epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity
These results show the promise of epcoritamab for treatment of newly-diagnosed or relapsed/refractory B-NHL patients
including those who became refractory to previous CD20-directed therapies
we investigated the preclinical activity of epcoritamab using primary tumor cells obtained from lymph node (LN) or bone marrow (BM) biopsies samples of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 16)
follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 15) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; n = 8)
The patients were newly diagnosed (ND) or relapsed/refractory (RR) to conventional treatment regimens
We investigated (i) the intrinsic sensitivity of tumor cells to epcoritamab-dependent T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the capacity of tumor cells to activate T-cells
ii) whether type of malignancy and prior exposure to CD20-targeted therapy influenced their sensitivity
and (iii) the intrinsic capacity of tumor-associated T-cells to mediate epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity
B-NHL cell lines (Daudi; ATCC and WSU-DLCL2; DSMZ) were cultured in RPMI-1640 (Invitrogen
supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Life Technologies
Cell lines were authenticated by STR-profiling and tested for mycoplasma contamination
Single cell suspensions from LN biopsies were isolated by mechanical disruption as described in online <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="supplementary material anchor" href="/articles/s41408-021-00430-6#MOESM1">supplementary material and methods</a>
Mononuclear cells of BM (BMMCs) or PB (PBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation
Cells were either used directly or cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen until further use
This type of study does not require approval from an ethics committee
All patient material and clinical data were collected after obtaining informed consent and according to the code of conduct for medical research developed by The Council of the Federation of Medical Scientific Societies (FEDERA)
USA) labeled target cells were pre-incubated with serial dilutions of antibodies for 15 min in 96-well U bottom plates
and then cultured for 24 h without additional effector cells or with effector cells at a fixed (10:1) T-cell to target (E:T) cell ratio
Effector cells were allogeneic or autologous effector PBMCs or
isolated using magnetic-activated-cell sorting (MACS) following the manufacturer’s instructions (Miltenyi Biotec
Viable target cells were identified with multicolor flow cytometry
Data were analyzed using FACS DIVA software
Cytotoxicity was calculated only if &gt;500 viable target cells were counted in untreated wells and with the following formula:
Further details are described in online <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="supplementary material anchor" href="/articles/s41408-021-00430-6#MOESM1">supplementary material and methods</a>
The concentration of granzyme B released in cell-free supernatants of cytotoxicity assays was measured by a sandwich ELISA kit (Mabtech
Dose-response curves were generated and half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values calculated using non-linear regression analysis (sigmoidal dose-response) (Graphpad Prism 8.2)
Comparisons between variables were performed using Mann–Whitney U-test
Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test or unpaired t-test for analysis of two groups
and Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparions test for analysis of multiple groups
Two-sided p values &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant
</a>A Percentages cytotoxicity mediated by epcoritamab and CD3xCtrl (30 ng/mL) and B EC50 values (ng/mL)
shown for samples with clear dose-response curves
for cytotoxicity in the presence of allogeneic PBMCs (E:T ratio 10:1) in ND and RR DLBCL (n = 16)
and MCL (n = 8) samples (median ± interquartile range)
including patients who relapsed from or were refractory to CD20 therapy ( and 
Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test to compare epcoritamab with CD3xCtrl for each indication (*p &lt; 0.05; **p &lt; 0.01; ***p &lt; 0.001; ****p &lt; 0.0001) and epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity between subtypes (ns (C) CD20 expression (antibody molecules per cell) on tumor cells in samples from B-NHL patients unexposed to prior CD20 therapy correlated to epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity (30 ng/mL) (Spearman’s; ns)
D Time between last CD20-therapy and moment of lymph node biopsy (months) of patients previously treated with CD20-antibody containing treatment (n = 8) correlated to cytotoxicity mediated by epcoritamab (30 ng/mL) (Spearman’s; r = 0.78
</a>A Gating of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and example of a flow histogram for CD69 positivity and B percentages of CD69-positive CD4+ and CD8+ allogeneic T-cells after treatment of B-NHL samples with epcoritamab and CD3xCtrl (30 ng/mL) (median ± interquartile range)
C Granzyme B levels (pg/mL) in supernatants of coculture of B-NHL sample and allogeneic T-cells stimulated with epcoritamab and CD3xCtrl (30 ng/mL) (median ± interquartile range)
E Correlation between percentage CD69-positive (CD4+ and CD8+) allogeneic T-cells (D) or granzyme B release (pg/mL) (E)
and cytotoxicity induced by epcoritamab (30 ng/mL) (Spearman’s; ns and r = 0.35; *p = 0.04
All samples from different B-NHL subtypes and from ND and RR are plotted together
</a>A CD69-positive CD4+ and CD8+ allogeneic T-cells after treatment of B-NHL samples with epcoritamab (30 ng/mL) and CD3xCtrl (30 ng/mL) in samples with low or high tumor HVEM expression levels (Mann–Whitney U-test; ***p &lt; 0.001
B Epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity (30 ng/mL) in B-NHL samples with low and high tumor cell HVEM expression (Mann–Whitney U-test; ns)
HVEM expression on healthy donor B-cells was used as cut-off value to stratify between low and high expression
Data are shown as median ±interquartile range
</a>A Percentages cytotoxicity mediated by epcoritamab and CD3xCtrl (30 ng/mL) without addition of PBMCs in ND and RR DLBCL (n = 15)
Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test to compare epcoritamab with CD3xCtrl (*p &lt; 0.05) and to compare epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity (subtracted with CD3xCTRL values) between subtypes (ns)
B Ratio of CD4+ T helper cells (CD4+CD25−) to CD8+ T-cells in DLBCL
and MCL samples (Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test; *p &lt; 0.05
**p ≤ 0.01) (median ± interquartile range)
C PD-1 expression (MFI values normalized to expression on T-cells of internal healthy donor control) on CD4+ T-cells of DLBCL
and MCL (Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test; *p &lt; 0.05
***p &lt; 0.001) (median ± interquartile range)
D Spearman’s correlation between CD3:Target ratio and cytotoxicity mediated by epcoritamab (30 ng/mL) (r = 0.63; ****p &lt; 0.0001)
E Lymph node T-cells of B-NHL patients isolated by magnetic-activated cell-sorting (MACS) showed similar percentages B-cell lymphoma cell line (WSU-DLCL2 and Daudi
left to right) cytotoxicity as T-cells isolated from healthy donor PB (mean ± SEM) (Mann–Whitney U-test; ns)
These results indicated the sufficient capacity of T cells derived from B-NHL biopsies to mediate epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity
</a>A Dose-response of and B maximal cytotoxicity induced by epcoritamab in B-NHL cells in the presence of allogeneic healthy donor PBMCs or autologous B-NHL patient PBMCs in a 10:1 E:T ratio (n = 5; Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test; ns)
CD20 expression levels could however not be reliably assessed in this study
due to competition of the detection antibody with potential residual membrane-bound CD20 mAb
we still observed a substantial response of 42% to epcoritamab in a sample that was collected only 2 weeks after last exposure to CD20-treatment
indicating that epcoritamab can be effective even if it is administered shortly after discontinuing treatment with a CD20 mAb
Another interesting observation in our study is the heterogeneity in the level of activation in allogeneic T cells after exposure to B-NHL in the presence of epcoritamab
As one single donor was used in the experiments
differences may not be attributed to intrinsic differences in the allogeneic T cell population
this approach did allow to investigate intrinsic differences in B-NHL studied
PD-L1 or HLA-DR expression in B-NHL did not show a correlation with T-cell activation
we observed an inverse association of T-cell activation levels with expression of the immune checkpoint molecule HVEM on tumor cells
this observation indicates that immune checkpoint pathways may play a role in modulation of T-cell functionality
the lack of a strong correlation between T-cell activation and granzyme B release with epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity indicates the involvement of yet unknown intrinsic resistance mechanisms in B-NHL cells against the cytotoxic activity of T-cells
these resistance mechanisms are especially visible when CD20 expression levels are relatively lower
which suggests that higher target expression can overcome these resistance mechanisms
These observations warrant further investigation
It would be interesting to investigate the possibility of increasing the level of target expression or T-cell activation to potentially overcome the intrinsic resistance
In this study we also performed a detailed analysis of the B-NHL patients’ own T-cells to gain deeper insight into their capacity to mediate epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity
we observed that epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity correlated significantly with the local frequency of CD3+ T-cells in the LN
T-cells residing in LN showed no functional deficiencies
as evidenced by the fact that they were capable of inducing sufficient levels of epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity especially at effector to target ratios higher than 3:1
autologous peripheral blood T-cells from B-NHL patients as well as from healthy individuals induced comparable levels of tumor cell kill in the presence of epcoritamab
T-cells present in the LN tumor microenvironment
as well as T-cells isolated from the peripheral blood of B-NHL patients possess adequate capacity to mediate epcoritamab-dependent cytotoxicity
Our results suggest that the recruitment of sufficient peripheral blood T cells into the LN will be required for optimal clinical efficacy of epcoritamab
local expansion of tumor-resident T cells may contribute to antitumor activity in patients
and warrant further investigation of specific biomarkers that may be correlated with response to epcoritamab
A unique cell surface antigen identifying lymphoid malignancies of B cell origin
the first anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of B non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
Bispecific antibodies in the treatment of hematologic malignancies
Bispecific T-cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy
native-format bispecific antibody triggering T-cell killing of B-cells is robustly active in mouse tumor models and cynomolgus monkeys
a novel trifunctional bispecific antibody (anti-CD20 x anti-CD3)
mediates efficient killing of B-cell lymphoma cells even with very low CD20 expression levels
DuoBody-CD3xCD20 induces potent T-cell-mediated killing of malignant B cells in preclinical models and provides opportunities for subcutaneous dosing
CD20-TCB with obinutuzumab pretreatment as next-generation treatment of hematologic malignancies
CD20-specific adoptive immunotherapy for lymphoma using a chimeric antigen receptor with both CD28 and 4-1BB domains: pilot clinical trial results
Preclinical optimization of a CD20-specific chimeric antigen receptor vector and culture conditions
Anti-CD20/CD3 T cell-dependent bispecific antibody for the treatment of B cell malignancies
Efficient generation of stable bispecific IgG1 by controlled Fab-arm exchange
Controlled Fab-arm exchange for the generation of stable bispecific IgG1
Epcoritamab (GEN3013; DuoBody-CD3×CD20) to induce complete response in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL): complete dose escalation data and efficacy results from a phase I/II trial
PD-1 expression defines two distinct T-cell sub-populations in follicular lymphoma that differentially impact patient survival
Pharmacokinetic study of patients with follicular or mantle cell lymphoma treated with rituximab as ‘in vivo purge’ and consolidative immunotherapy following autologous stem cell transplantation
Pharmacokinetic behavior of rituximab: a study of different schedules of administration for heterogeneous clinical settings
CD20-negative relapse in B-cell lymphoma after treatment with Rituximab
Downregulation of CD20 expression in B-cell lymphoma cells after treatment with rituximab-containing combination chemotherapies: its prevalence and clinical significance
Histological and immunophenotypic changes in 59 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma after rituximab therapy
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These authors contributed equally: Margaretha G
are inventors on Genmab patent applications
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Das deutsche Parteiengesetz zeichnet sich im europäischen Vergleich durch einen sehr liberalen Finanzierungsrahmen aus
der keine Obergrenzen für Spenden kennt und Zuwendungen von Unternehmen und Privatpersonen aus der gesamten Europäischen Union zulässt
Auch im Bundestagswahlkampf 2024/25 flossen bisher über 20 Millionen Euro an privaten Spenden den größten deutschen Parteien zu
Ein Blick auf die veröffentlichungspflichtigen Großspenden über 35.000 Euro lässt erkennen
wer die Spenderinnen und Spender sind und welche Parteien am meisten profitieren
Seit November 2024 sind elf Spenden von mindestens einer halben Million Euro eingegangen
Zusammengerechnet ergeben sie rund 10,3 Millionen Euro – fast die Hälfte aller Großspenden (Stand 22
In neun der elf Fälle stammen die Spenden von Privatpersonen
vier der elf Spenden kommen aus Österreich
Die AfD erhielt die höchsten Einzelspenden des Wahlkampfes und profitierte von drei der elf besonders hohen Großspenden
Darunter waren eine Sachspende für Wahlplakate im Wert von 2,3 Millionen Euro von einer Privatperson aus Österreich sowie Geldspenden in Höhe von 1,5 Millionen Euro und 0,5 Millionen Euro
Insgesamt erhielt die Partei somit 4,8 Millionen Euro &#8211; fast die Hälfte der elf größten Spenden und mehr als ein Fünftel aller Großspenden
Die Kleinpartei Volt erhielt seit November 2024 lediglich zwei Großspenden
darunter jedoch eine der höchsten Einzelspenden des Wahlkampfs
Der junge Musiker und Unternehmenserbe Thadaeus Friedemann Otto spendete eine Million Euro
wodurch Volt einen Großteil seines Wahlkampfs finanzieren konnte
Die FDP erhielt neben der Spende von Bitpanda zweimal eine halbe Million Euro vom ehemaligen Chef des Kofferherstellers Rimowa
der 2016 mehrheitlich von der LVMH-Gruppe übernommen wurde
Die CDU bekam – zusätzlich zur Spende des österreichischen Krypto-Unternehmens – im Januar eine halbe Million Euro von einem Münchner Unternehmer
Das Spendenverhalten zeigt eine deutliche Geschlechterdynamik: Seit November 2024 haben nur fünf Frauen Großspenden getätigt – das entspricht lediglich 2 Prozent aller Großspenden
Über den beruflichen Hintergrund und die Herkunft des Vermögens einiger dieser Spenderinnen sind nur wenige Informationen bekannt
Eine Spenderin aus Nordrhein-Westfalen überwies 50.000 Euro an die CDU
eine weitere aus Österreich die gleiche Summe an die bayerische Schwesterpartei CSU
In weiteren Fällen tätigen Ehepaare separate Spenden an dieselben Parteien
Brigitte Gotthardt aus Rheinland-Pfalz spendete im Januar 80.020 Euro an die CDU und 100.000 Euro an die FDP
Am selben Tag überwies ihr Ehemann jeweils 100.000 Euro an diese Parteien
dass Frank Gotthardt an NiUS beteiligt ist – einem 2023 gegründeten Nachrichtenportal
das sich als deutsches Pendant zu Fox News versteht und mit rechtspopulistischen Beiträgen Aufmerksamkeit erregt
Petra und Stephen Orenstein aus Hessen spendeten jeweils 50.000 Euro an die CDU
Während das Ehepaar heute im Immobiliengeschäft tätig ist
schloss Stephen Orenstein in den 2000ern Verträge in Milliardenhöhe mit dem US-Verteidigungsministerium zur Versorgung US-amerikanischer Soldatinnen und Soldaten
Mitbegründerin des Windenergieunternehmens Ostwind GmbH
spendete 150.000 Euro an Bündnis 90/Die Grünen – ihr Ehemann
der ebenfalls Mitgründer des Unternehmens ist
spendete ebenfalls 50.000 Euro an die Partei
Auch die Verteilung der Großspenden auf die wichtigsten politischen Parteien zeigt ein deutliches Ungleichgewicht
Deutliche Spitzenreiterin ist die CDU/CSU mit über einem Drittel aller Großspenden – rund 8,4 Millionen Euro –
was ungefähr dem zu erwartenden Wähleranteil der Partei entspricht
die trotz Umfrageergebnissen unterhalb der 5-Prozent-Hürde etwa 21 Prozent aller Spenden erhielt
Erstmals belegte jedoch im Bundestagswahlkampf 2025 die AfD den dritten Platz
Mit nur drei Großspenden in Höhe von 2,3 Millionen
1,5 Millionen und knapp einer Million Euro übertraf das Spendenaufkommen der rechtsradikalen Partei damit bis zuletzt sogar das der Liberalen
Diese Entwicklung ist umso bemerkenswerter
als die Partei nach wie vor keine Zuwendungen von klassischen Großkonzernen und Unternehmerfamilien erhält
Da diese aber – anders als in den USA – nur selten Spenden in Millionenhöhe leisten
können wenige sehr große Einzelspenden einer Partei einen signifikanten Vorteil verschaffen.&nbsp;
Deutlich schlechter schneiden die Parteien links der Mitte ab
Die SPD erhielt mit 2,6 Millionen Euro rund 11% aller Großspenden seit November 2024 und liegt damit deutlich&nbsp; unter ihrem prognostizierten Wähleranteil
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen erhielten mit rund 1,3 Millionen Euro nur 5 Prozent der Großspenden
Die europäisch-föderalistische Kleinpartei Volt kam dank einer einzigen Millionenspende auf einen etwa gleich hohen Betrag
während sich Linke und BSW im Laufe des Bundestagswahlkampfes mit einem sechsstelligen Betrag begnügen mussten
Zwei der fünf ostdeutschen Großspender sind Unternehmen aus Sachsen
die jeweils 50.000 Euro an die FDP spendeten
Ein Unternehmer aus Sachsen-Anhalt spendete als Privatperson zweimal 50.000 Euro an die CDU
ein Unternehmen aus der Holzindustrie überwies die gleiche Summe an die SPD
Für Diskussionen sorgte eine Spende aus Thüringen in Höhe von 999.999 Euro an die AfD: Der Spender
das Geld als Privatperson überwiesen zu haben
dass es sich dabei um eine Strohmannspende handeln könnte (siehe unten)
Aus den anderen beiden ostdeutschen Bundesländern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Brandenburg gab es keine Großspenden
Aber auch in den elf westdeutschen Bundesländern kommen die Spender
seien es juristische oder natürliche Personen
Nordrhein-Westfalen beheimatet das industriestarke Ruhrgebiet
während in Hessen zahlreiche Pharma- und Chemieunternehmen ansässig sind
Zudem spielen die wirtschaftsstarken Metropolen München und Frankfurt am Main eine zentrale Rolle
München ist nicht nur ein bedeutender Finanz- und Technologiestandort
sondern auch Sitz zahlreicher DAX-Konzerne
Frankfurt am Main wiederum ist als Finanzzentrum mit der Europäischen Zentralbank und der Frankfurter Börse ein zentraler Knotenpunkt der deutschen und europäischen Wirtschaft
Diese wirtschaftliche Konzentration spiegelt sich auch in der Verteilung der Großspenden wider
In der Öffentlichkeit am meisten diskutiert wurde eine Großspende des ehemaligen FPÖ-Funktionärs Gerhard Dingler
der mit 2,3 Millionen Euro in Form von Sachleistungen (Wahlplakaten) die bisher größte Wahlkampfspende an die AfD leistete
Außerdem spendete das Krypto-Unternehmen Bitpanda GmbH aus Wien jeweils 500.000 Euro an CDU
Eine dritte Privatperson aus Salzburg überwies weitere 50.000 Euro an die CSU
Mit insgesamt rund 4,1 Millionen Euro spendeten Österreicherinnen und Österreicher damit etwa viermal so viel wie alle ostdeutschen&nbsp; Bundesländer zusammen
um deutsche Staatsangehörige mit Wohnsitz außerhalb der Bundesrepublik
In Deutschland können sich sowohl Privatpersonen als auch Unternehmen an der Parteienfinanzierung beteiligen
Rund 40 Prozent der Großspenden kamen in diesem Jahr von juristischen Personen
dass ein schwer zu bestimmender Anteil der beteiligten Unternehmen mehrheitlich oder ausschließlich von einer Einzelperson oder von Mitgliedern einer Familie kontrolliert wird – Beteiligungsgesellschaften und Holdings sind unter den spendenden Unternehmen keine Seltenheit.&nbsp; Ein erheblicher Teil der Großspenden dürfte daher auf die Entscheidung einiger weniger Anteilseigner zurückzuführen sein
Eine wichtige Ausnahme bilden dabei Arbeitgeber- und Industrieverbände
die für rund 5% aller Großspenden verantwortlich sind
Ordnet man jede spendende Einzelperson oder Organisation ihrem Hauptwirtschaftschaftszweig zu
so wird die Dominanz einiger weniger Wirtschaftsbranchen deutlich
Den größten Beitrag zur Finanzierung des Bundestagswahlkampfes leisteten Personen und Unternehmen aus dem Bereich Finanz- und Versicherungsdienstleistungen mit 19 Prozent des gesamten Großspendenaufkommens &#8211; über 80 Prozent davon kamen den bürgerlichen Parteien zugute
An zweiter Stelle folgt das verarbeitende Gewerbe mit 18% der Großspenden und einem noch ausgeprägteren bürgerlichen Schwerpunkt
Der Wirtschaftszweig „Information und Kommunikation”
sowie das Grundstücks- und Wohnungswesen belegen den 3
Hier schneiden FDP und Union deutlich schlechter ab
während SPD und Grüne einen höheren Anteil der Spenden erhalten
Alle drei Spender begründeten ihre Spenden damit
dass sie die Ansichten der AfD zum Krieg in der Ukraine teilten und u.a
die Lieferung von Taurus-Marschflugkörpern verhindern wollten
Als historisch wirtschafts- und arbeitgebernahe Parteien werden die FDP und die CDU/CSU in der Regel stärker durch Großspenden aus Industrie und Finanzwirtschaft unterstützt
Ihr wirtschaftsfreundlicher Kurs spiegelt sich auch in ihrer Programmatik wider: Beide Parteien versprechen in ihren Bundestagswahlprogrammen eine Senkung der Unternehmenssteuern
mehr Digitalisierung und Bürokratieabbau.&nbsp;
Auch engere Brancheninteressen beeinflussen offensichtlich das Spendenverhalten: So stammen vier von insgesamt 16 Großspenden an die Grünen von Einzelpersonen oder Unternehmen aus der Windenergiebranche
Die bayerische CSU wiederum wurde von regionalen Interessenvertretern unterstützt: Allein durch zwei Großspenden des Verbandes der Bayerischen Metall- und Elektro-Industrie (vbm) erhielt die Partei über 600.000 Euro
Der bayerische Arbeitgeberverband spendete zwar auch an die FDP
die Beträge waren aber mit maximal 117.000 Euro deutlich geringer als die an die CSU
Weniger selektiv gehen eine Reihe von Interessengruppen und Unternehmen vor
die sowohl an Union und FDP als auch an die SPD größere Summen überwiesen haben
Zu dieser Kategorie gehören das bereits erwähnte Krypto-Unternehmen Bitpanda aus Wien
und die Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft (DVAG)
Auch der Unternehmer und ehemalige SPD-Politiker Harald Christ
Vergleicht man die Liste der Spender mit der Liste der 500 reichsten Deutschen
die das Manager-Magazin im Jahr 2024 veröffentlicht hat
so ergeben sich in rund einem Drittel der Fälle Überschneidungen.Während bei direkten Spenden von Einzelpersonen und bekannten Beteiligungsgesellschaften von einer direkten individuellen Entscheidung auszugehen ist
die sich im Besitz einer vermögenden Unternehmerfamilie befinden
inwieweit eine direkte Mitwirkung einzelner Personen vorliegt
Geht man von einer zumindest indirekten Mitwirkung aus
so lassen sich rund 31 Prozent des Gesamtvolumens der Großspenden (rund 7,2 Millionen Euro) auf Personen aus dem Ranking des Manager-Magazins zurückführen – fünfmal so viel
wie alle Arbeitgeberverbände zusammen gespendet haben
dass die Familien an der Spitze des Rankings verhältnismäßig weniger aktiv sind
als andere Personen mit Milliardenvermögen
Als reichster Einzelspender im Wahlkampf dürfte der BMW-Großaktionär Stefan Quandt gelten
der zehn Tage vor der Wahl 200.000 Euro an die CDU spendete
Laut Manager Magazin beziffert sich sein Vermögen auf etwa 34 Milliarden Euro
Umgerechnet auf das Durchschnittsvermögen eines deutschen Haushalts (106.600 Euro) entspricht seine Großspende damit einer Spende von nur 0,62 Euro
Vergleichsweise viel bedeutender sind zwei Spenden des ehemaligen Rimowa-Chefs Dieter Morszeck
der insgesamt eine Million Euro an die FDP überwies
Bei einem geschätzten Vermögen von rund 500 Millionen Euro entspricht dies umgerechnet einer normalen Haushaltsspende von 213 Euro
Aufgrund der im Verhältnis zum Gesamtvermögen eher bescheidenen Spendensummen besitzen die reichsten deutschen Familien derzeit keine exklusive Vormachtstellung bei der Wahlkampffinanzierung
Nach wie vor dominieren Großspenden aus einem etwas weniger vermögenden Kreis von Industrie- und Finanzunternehmern sowie von Interessenvertretern und anderen Unternehmen aus dem In- und Ausland die Spendenlandschaft
Gerade deshalb wäre es dennoch theoretisch möglich
dass in Zukunft sehr große Spenden den Wahlkampf maßgeblich beeinflussen
Elon Musk spendete im US-Wahlkampf insgesamt 288 Millionen Euro &#8211; das entspricht etwa 0,7% des Vermögens des reichsten Deutschen
Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen europäischen Ländern gibt es in Deutschland keine Obergrenze für Parteispenden
Besonders in Wahljahren führt das zu deutlich höheren Spendensummen als in Nicht-Wahljahren: Zwischen November 2024 und Februar 2025 wurden 23,5 Millionen Euro gespendet – zum Vergleich: Im gesamten Jahr 2023 waren es lediglich 8,8 Millionen Euro
Ab einer Summe von 35.000 Euro spricht man von einer Großspende
Spenden in dieser Größenordnung müssen seit 2024 umgehend der Bundestagspräsidentin gemeldet werden ­ – zuvor lag die Schwelle bei 50.000 Euro
dass Parteien Spendenbeträge über 500 Euro veröffentlichen müssen – dies geschieht allerdings über die Rechenschaftsberichte und damit erst mit einer Verzögerung von zwei Jahren
The story came about as a way to write about my father’s dementia and death without exactly writing about them
So I’d been living with my grief for years and couldn’t find a way to deal with it
I met a man whose family name was auf der Horst
The name sounded like both “horse” and “Horace,” which was my father’s first name
the play on “horse” and “auf der Horst” was exactly my father’s sense of humor
the collision of “Horace” and “horse” was perfect
because my father was a man who owned racehorses for most of his adult life
it occurred to me that I could write about a horse’s mental decline as a way of communicating the distress I felt at losing a parent to dementia
“Houyhnhnm” was a way for me to deal with emotionally nuclear material—my father’s death—from a safe distance
but without hiding the distress and sadness
And do you mean this story to be satirical
The image of Lemuel Gulliver in his stable talking to a horse while avoiding the company of his family is striking and moving to me
But Swift’s influence is both positive and negative
I was thrilled by “Gulliver’s Travels” when I first read it
I loved all his work: “A Tale of a Tub,” “A Modest Proposal,” etc
And I think I’ve taken on some of his narrative distance—coldness
even—when I write about upsetting circumstances
it takes too much moral conviction to break the world into the ridiculous (worthy of satire) and the praiseworthy (not for satire)
I’m as repulsed by the satirical as I am attracted to it
Which probably makes my allusion to Swift’s creatures an interesting basis for a story about my father
and that father and son have a shared delusion (and/or are ventriloquists)
You leave open the possibility that she’s right
Could Xan be a normal horse onto which the narrator simply projects his grief and mourning
It’s very possible for Xan to be a normal horse onto which the narrator has projected his grief.” But I’d add that
It distorts or heightens the world around you
it could be taken as an unwanted and bittersweet trip
Uncertainty and absurdity are aspects of grief
So it’s up to the reader to decide where truth is or isn’t
And it’s interesting that he reports his mother’s doubts
that he reports her wariness of “reason.” Somewhere within him
he must know that the distinction between “reason” (our ability to calculate dispassionately) and “reasonable” (our taking into account the flaws of dispassionate calculation) is crucial
but the fact that he presents his mother’s case is
Paul suspects that Xan is named after Xanthus
an immortal horse in Greek mythology who was able to speak and prophesy—and actually prophesied the death of his owner
Xan’s name was appealing to me for the sound of it
the part of me that works hardest on a first draft
has acted with the kind of consistency and control that I lack—at least
I’m unaware of my consistency when I write
I’m not surprised by your pointing out of this connection
this could be taken for a hint of some sort
it just confirms how little I know about what I’m doing when I write a first draft
which are central to Xan’s attempts to understand human nature
How did you choose the jokes to use in the story
I was trying to remember the kind of jokes my father might have liked
And the jokes I used in the story struck me as ones my father might have told
I wasn’t aware of while writing my first draft
and you had some quibbles with it: “The story’s perspective is not sufficiently horse-like so that
I sometimes find myself wondering why Kholstomer would bother to consider the implications of this or that bit of human behavior
why he is interested in subtleties of human language.” Is “Houyhnhnm” an attempt to explain why a horse might be interested in the subtleties of human language and behavior
Tolstoy was trying to make moral and ethical points about human behavior
presenting a real version of equine consciousness—if that’s even possible—probably wasn’t his goal
what we’re reading might well be the grief-induced delusions of the narrator
But behind all of Paul’s memories and speculation there’s the question of what makes individuals unique
by trying to understand his father through the horse his father loved
doesn’t end up with a clearer view of his father
he ends up trying to understand Xan—an effort that takes him away from his father
It’s the usual cruel irony: the more we try to understand those we love
Have you yourself spent a lot of time around horses
when I wasn’t doing much except lying around the house trying to be artistic
But I’d been thrown by a horse when I was thirteen or fourteen
my father gave my sisters and me twenty dollars each to bet on his horse
Twenty dollars was a lot of money in the early seventies
so when his horse lost the race I resented it
and somehow spiritual when they’re at ease
Why Bishop Mariann Budde wanted to <a href="/news/the-new-yorker-interview/why-bishop-mariann-budde-wanted-to-speak-to-donald-trump" class="InternalLinkEmbedWrapper-fhjgJW cQLtaa">speak to Donald Trump</a>
Lena Dunham’s <a href="/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/lena-dunhams-change-of-pace" class="InternalLinkEmbedWrapper-fhjgJW cQLtaa">change of pace</a>
Tim Walz might run for President in 2028 <a href="/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/does-tim-walz-have-any-regrets" class="InternalLinkEmbedWrapper-fhjgJW cQLtaa">if you ask him nicely</a>
Maya Rudolph is <a href="/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/what-maya-rudolph-knows-about-motherhood" class="InternalLinkEmbedWrapper-fhjgJW cQLtaa">ready to serve</a>
Sarah McBride wasn’t looking for a <a href="/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/sarah-mcbride-wasnt-looking-for-a-fight-on-trans-rights" class="InternalLinkEmbedWrapper-fhjgJW cQLtaa">fight on trans rights</a>
The liberated <a href="/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/the-liberated-life-of-colman-domingo" class="InternalLinkEmbedWrapper-fhjgJW cQLtaa">life of Colman Domingo</a>
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Horst the Avant-Garde Fashion PhotographerHorst P
American photographer during the 20th century
He is best known for his work as a fashion photographer
Published: Dec 20, 2019written by <a style="text-decoration:none" href="/author/jacquelinelewis/">Jacqueline Lewis</a>
He is best known for his work as a fashion photographer with industry giants like Vogue and Chanel
Horst also captured portraits of many influential figures throughout his career
Horst is a notable figure in photography due to his distinct
mysterious and alluring images that brought the avant-garde into the forefront mainstream consumption
His father was a well-off merchant so Horst lived a normal
he met a dancer named Eva Weidemann whose artistic nature sparked his interest in the avant-garde
This introduced him to the excitement of the art world
For a short period, Horst studied architecture in Paris under the renowned <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/le-corbusier-pioneer-modern-architecture/">Le Corbusier</a>
He dropped out after networking with many people in the Parisian art scene
he met Vogue photographer Baron George Hoyningen-Huene and Horst’s life changed forever
He was introduced to the world of high fashion photography
Horst had an exhibition at La Plume d’Or in Paris
After Janet Flanner of The New Yorker gave the show a brilliant review
Horst became a prominent name in photography
Horst became Huene’s photographic assistant. Horst received instruction and mentorship under Huene while their relationship grew closer. The pair traveled to England that year and it was there that Horst met another photographer, <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/cecil-beaton-photographer/">Cecil Beaton who was working with Vogue UK</a>
His first advertisement was a full page spread of a model wearing black velvet
Horst also met Coco Chanel in 1937 while residing in New York City
capturing classic images of the iconic Chanel brand as well as portraits for the leading woman herself
The New York Times once described this style by saying
“Horst tamed the avant-garde to serve fashion” and that encompasses his work well
Horst utilized avant-garde flourishes in a way that was palatable and even more so
Instead of just exploiting flashy colors like many other advertisements
Horst wanted his work to maintain a high level of class and value
He often shot in black and white with great detail given to the lighting
He often lit the subject directly and allowed for no background shadows
he utilized a mainly monochromatic color palate for each set
It’s hard to look away from the sometimes <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/7-famous-photographers-who-captured-nudes/">erotic</a>
This made him the prime photographer for fashion brands
By drawing consumers into the image while also maintaining this high level of sophistication
his skill was everything that brands dream to find
Artistically, his <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/philippe-halsman/">photographic style</a> ranges from Surrealism to Romanticism
Horst’s iconic image is The Mainboucher Corset
It depicts a woman sitting with an untied corset
She is adjusting herself outside of the camera’s view
Her body is gently off center with a gentle sway
which adds to the mysterious nature of the image
It feels as though the viewer has stumbled into a private moment
It is unclear if the subject is taking her corset off or putting it on
Horst moved to The United States and became a citizen
This is when he formally changed his birth name to his known monicker
He changed his name to avoid being confused with Nazi Martin Bormanm
he had the chance to capture celebrities and other important figures
he had the opportunity to photograph Bette Davis
Princess Natalia Pavlovna and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark to name just a few
Later on in his life, Horst began a series of photographs which captured high society and included commentary from his partner, Valentine Lawford. The series focused on the subjects’ lifestyles and their international wealth and power. Some of these subjects included <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/andy-warhol/">Andy Warhol</a>
just to name a few of the powerful subjects
After receiving his United States citizenship, Horst joined the army and became an army photographer. His work was often printed in the army’s magazine titled <a href="https://www.belvoircastle.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Belvoir Castle</a>
Horst photographed every post-war period First Lady
they can still be extremely valuable on the market
This article here explains what aspects add or detract from a photograph’s value
Horst’s works can sell for a considerable amount given his historical importance and also visual appeal
A print of Mainboucher Corset sold for £20,000 at Christies in London during a November 2017 auction
another impression sold for $133,000 in New York
Around the Clock (1987) sold for $25,000 Euro most recently in June 2019 in Paris
Horst’s iconic images and striking advertisements continue to capture viewers and
They are a solid choice for collectors since often the photographer as well as his subject matter are historically important and of interest
For other related articles on Photographers, <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/search/photographer/">click here</a>.
Jacqueline Lewis is a History of Art &amp; Architecture graduate. While studying art, she worked in the research department of The Chicago History Museum and wrote articles for Chicago Gallery News. Now, she is the Assistant Director of a long-standing, prestigious art gallery in Chicago. Throughout the year she works at major art events like the New York IFPDA Print Fair, SOFA and EXPO Chicago. She also writes and publishes articles about the art scene and historical topics.
built in honour of the military successes and political reforms of the first Roman Emperor
Carvings thought to depict Terra Mater (Mother Earth) decorate the Ara Pacis Augustae
is a scholar specialising in New Testament studies, Early Christian literature and the Jewish and Hellenistic context of Early Christianity. He is professor emeritus in the faculty of theology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and is the author of many books, including <a href="https://brill.com/view/serial/AJEC?qt-qt_serial_details=0" rel="">Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity</a> (2014)
Edited by<a href="/users/samdresser" class="sc-2e8621ab-1 hUSbLR">Sam Dresser</a>
Save<a class="inline-flex bg-grey-light-bg p-5 text-center font-mono text-grey-mid text-xs leading-relaxed tracking-widest duration-200 hover:bg-black hover:text-white" href="/syndication?article_slug=the-poor-might-have-always-been-with-us-but-charity-has-not&amp;article_name=How the poor became blessed&amp;author=Pieter van der Horst&amp;date=14 March 2019">SYNDICATE THIS ESSAY</a>EmailSavePostShareIn Greco-Roman culture
the well-to-do weren’t expected to support and help the poor
being beneficent’ never have ‘the poor’ as their object
The Greek word philanthrôpia doesn’t have the sense of our modern philanthropy
One is philanthrôpos towards one’s own people
And eleêmosynê (from which ‘alms’ is derived)
in the sense of showing pity or mercy for someone else
Ancient Greek moralists didn’t admonish people to concern themselves about the fate of the poor
And while generosity was praised as a virtue
the poor were never singled out as its object; it was always directed to humans in general
When Greeks did speak about the joy of giving to others
but only with the desired effects of giving: namely honour
Honour is the driving motive behind Greek beneficence
and for that reason the Greek word philotimia (literally
‘the love of honour’) could develop the meaning of ‘generosity
not directed towards the poor but to fellow humans in general
especially those from whom one could reasonably expect a gift in return
These were the ‘worthy ones’ because they acknowledged and respected the principle of reciprocity (quid pro quo)
which was simply stated by the poet Hesiod around 700 BCE: ‘Give to him who gives
but do not give to him who does not give (in return).’ Even though some ancient moralists occasionally said that in the best form of beneficence one does not expect anything in return from the beneficiary
the pervasive view was that a donor should be reimbursed one way or another
preferably with a gift greater than the donor himself had given
Religion was not much help to the poor: they simply weren’t the favourites of the gods
There was a Zeus Xenios (for strangers) and a Zeus Hiketêsios (for supplicants)
but there was no Zeus Ptôchios (for the poor)
nor any other god with an epithet indicating concern for the needy
It was rather the rich who were seen as the favourites of the divine world
their wealth being the visible proof of that favour
The poor could not pray for help from the gods because they were poor
for their poverty was a disadvantage in their contact with the gods
This was the implication of the common belief that the poor were morally inferior to the rich
They were often regarded as more readily inclined to do evil; for that reason
their poverty was commonly seen as their own fault
No wonder that they were not seen as people deserving help
and that no organised charity developed in Ancient Greece or Rome
giving alms to the poor could not be seen as a virtue
as care for them was often regarded as a mere waste of resources
The distributions of corn to the population by city states or emperors in times of need cannot pass for organised charity because the corn was given to all citizens in equal measure (not only to the poor)
and even the poorest class of society was never singled out for especially favourable treatment
All this applies to the Ancient Romans no less than to the Greeks
it is not because they are poor but because he expects to get something in return
and because it confers honour and status upon him
Since the beneficiary was usually expected to give something in return
‘There are some who even hate their benefactors,’ said Menander the playwright
But the idea of reciprocity was deeply ingrained in ancient society
and giving remained one of the chief ways of acquiring status within the social or political group
Neither Ancient Greek nor Roman shrank from admitting that striving after honour was the decisive motive for generosity
The Roman philosopher and orator Cicero wrote that ‘most people are generous in their gifts not so much by natural inclination as by the lure of honour’
And Pliny the Younger pithily agreed: ‘Honour must be the consequence’ of generosity
it is a central concern in the Jewish Bible
Caring for the poor is seen as a major duty and virtue not only in the Torah of Moses
but also in the Prophets and other biblical writings
God is seen as the protector of the poor and the rescuer of the needy
They are his favourites and the objects of his mercy
regarded as humble before God and therefore often as pious and righteous
That is not to say that we will find a positive evaluation of poverty here – the poor are ‘righteous’ only insofar as they are the innocent victims of injustice
and poverty does not automatically translate into piety
but it does seem to make one closer to God
an Ancient Greek could invoke his opponent’s poverty in order to cast a dubious light on his character – this strategy was not available to a biblical Israelite
The Torah urges Israel to be generous towards the poor in their midst
The prophets warn repeatedly against oppressing the poor and the needy
A ‘day acceptable to the Lord’ is the day on which the people share their bread with the hungry
the protagonist’s efforts to help the poor are emphasised as laudable
The poor were to be allowed to harvest the borders or corners of the fields and vineyards
and the sabbatical year was instituted in order that the poor might eat
The biblical adage ‘Open your hand to the poor’ encapsulates the Jewish Bible’s approach to charity
In spite of the fact that there is much concern for the poor in the Bible
some of the Torah’s commandments are in a sense collective measures
but it is still left to the individual whether or not to carry them out
since there is no central organisation to oversee its implementation
The post-biblical Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides
a Jewish wisdom poem of 230 hexameters written in Greek
exemplify this private (as opposed to communal or organised) concern for the poor
the author wrote: ‘Do not oppress a poor man unjustly
do not judge him by his appearance,’ a sentiment repeated further on: ‘Give a labourer his pay
do not oppress a poor man.’ Then it says: ‘Give to a beggar at once and do not tell him to come tomorrow
Fill your hand and give alms to the needy.’ And again some lines further on: ‘When you have wealth
From what God has given you provide for those in need.’
When in the first 30 lines of his poem the author turns five times to the importance of taking care of the poor
it is evident how much value he attaches to this part of his message
The utterly un-Greek motif of love for the poor is one of his main concerns
that we have concrete indications for institutional charity organised by the local synagogues
There were two such institutions: the quppah and the tamhuy
The quppah was the money chest to support the local poor
who received a weekly allotment; the tamhuy was the soup kitchen that was open on a daily basis to any poor person in need of a meal
The administrators of the synagogues appointed charity wardens who collected money every Friday
and others for the daily food collection and distribution
These officers were even allowed to exert some pressure on the members of the community in order to make sure that there would be enough to meet all needs
In order to prevent voluntary impoverishment
nobody was allowed to donate more than one-fifth of his property
It is significant that in the saying of Simon the Just
doing deeds of loving kindness is one of the three pillars upon which the world is standing
deeds of loving kindness are said to be equal to all the commandments of the Torah
the motive for doing such deeds was the expectation of being rewarded by God
it is stated repeatedly that the best way of giving to the poor is by doing it in such a way that nobody sees it happen or sees how much is being given
A person who gives alms in secret is greater than Moses
says Rabbi Eleazar in the Talmud (he added that the gentiles give alms only for reasons of self-aggrandisement)
Whether every Jew lived up to this ideal is questionable in light of what the Gospel of Matthew has Jesus say in the Sermon on the Mount:
Whatever one thinks about the authenticity of this saying
its critical note must reflect some form of reality; there must have been concrete practices that made these remarks relevant
one could say that the many honorary donor inscriptions found in ancient synagogues prove that the Jews were not immune from the honorific ‘epigraphic habit’
although they are of a later date and do not concern alms but gifts to the community at large
But the sentiment expressed by Jesus above reflects the same mood as the one we find in rabbinic literature
Jesus’ followers in Jerusalem appointed seven men to oversee the daily distribution of food
It’s hard to say when these poor-relief systems came into force because the sources that inform us about them are mostly late
It is likely that the large-scale impoverishment caused by the two great wars against Rome (66-74 and 132-135 CE) was the most important trigger for producing this systematic care for the poor
it’s not out of that question that some form of the system was already operative before 70 CE
even though we have no sources that explicitly say so (but absence of evidence is no evidence of absence)
The Christians had a system of poor relief right from the start
when the Church was still a Jewish movement in the early 30s CE
the followers of Jesus in Jerusalem appointed seven men to oversee the daily distribution of food among the widows in their community
the Jerusalem apostles and Paul agreed that the latter would organise a large-scale collection of money for the poor of the Christian community in Jerusalem
But these Christian initiatives cannot be regarded as a proof that Jewish-organised charity was already fully developed by the first half of the 1st century CE
If there was a Jewish system of poor relief in the period when all Christians were still Jewish and remained within the fold of Judaism
a separate system was not necessary because poor followers of Jesus would be supported by the Jewish system
Otherwise one would have to assume that a ‘parting of the ways’ between Jews and Christians was taking place right from the start
So on the one hand it would seem that organised charity was a Christian innovation from the beginning
it is very hard to imagine that the Jews of the early Jesus movement spontaneously created from scratch a system of care for the poor without any Jewish precedent
I am inclined to think that they must have followed a Jewish paradigm
a system – however rudimentary – that was already in place in the 30s CE
But unfortunately we do not know anything about that
What accounts for the difference between Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian approaches to the care of the poor
The Dutch professor of ancient history Hendrik Bolkestein argued in his influential Charity and Poor Relief in Pre-Christian Antiquity (1939) that the differences between these two cultural spheres – as far as poor relief is concerned – had little or nothing to do with the differences between their respective religions
as a result of the different socioeconomic position of the poor in these cultures
Bolkestein states that the poor’s dependence upon the rich
was much higher in Israel than in Greece and Rome
recent research has shown that Bolkestein overstated the contrast between the socioeconomic position of the poor in Israel on the one hand and in Greece and Rome on the other
his interpretation of the evidence and the one proposed by me and others are not mutually exclusive
that there is little reason not to take seriously the Jewish and Christian claim that charity is a divine commandment
and that the poor have to be regarded as God’s protégés
the strong association of love for God with aid for the needy
is so omnipresent in all the Jewish and Christian evidence that it would be unwise to belittle or ignore it
the protagonist states right from the start that his care for the poor is the most obvious mark of his Jewishness
and that almsgiving is an excellent offering to the Most High
Nowhere is that religious principle stated more forcefully than in the words of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew
when he says to those who fed the hungry and clothed the naked: ‘You did it to me’
it was initially the main task of the deacons to organise charity
The first time they are mentioned in the New Testament as Church officials is in the opening line of Paul’s Letter to the Philippians
where the fact that he lists them after the bishops strongly suggests that they belong to the officials of the Church
and that at a very early date (the Letter is from the 50s CE) there was already a rudimentary hierarchy
The fact that a pupil of Paul says that deacons should not be greedy for money suggests that they were involved in financial matters
most probably the collection and distribution of alms
See how often the Hebrew prophets fulminated against oppression of the poor
Although the nomenclature is Hellenistic (diakonos is not a Jewish designation of a religious official)
it seems clear that the function of the deacon is patterned upon that of the Jewish charity officials
For even though the New Testament does not give us a clear description of the tasks of a diakonos
it seems certain that care for the poor was among these tasks
and that money from the community chest was used for that purpose
The texts stress that deacons should not be infected by love for money
and this leaves no doubt about the moral dangers of this ministry in which they were in charge of the charity box
not every deacon could withstand the enticements that came with it
Much of what has been presented here is about theory
which is not necessarily as it was in reality
We have to distinguish between what Bolkestein called ‘preached ethics’ and ‘lived ethics’
And unfortunately we know much more about the ‘preached’ theory than about the ‘lived’ practice
When we see how often and how vehemently the Hebrew prophets fulminated against oppression and exploitation of the poor
it is clear that the theory was frequently not brought into practice
it is also possible that in Greco-Roman societies
in spite of the indifference towards the poor that one finds so often expressed
in actual practice there was much more compassion for them and much more genuine humanitarian concern than one would expect
a line from a letter written by an emperor should be remembered
the last pagan emperor of the Roman Empire
wrote in a letter to a priest in Asia Minor that lots of corn should be distributed to the inhabitants of Galatia; one-fifth of it should be given to the poor
when no Jew ever has to beg and the impious Galilaeans [Christians] support not only their own poor but ours as well
everyone can see that our people lack aid from us.’
So in spite of any relativising observations
it remains an indisputable fact that organised charity in the sense of a communal obligation towards the needy
which was by and large unknown in Greco-Roman culture
was created by the Jews and adopted by the Christians
And one can hardly deny that these developments were inspired by the sincere conviction that humankind should imitate God’s special concern for the most vulnerable among humans – the poor
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Condemned to death by firing squad, French resistance fighters put pen to paper. Their dying words can teach us how to live
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There is no difference between their value and my value
except perhaps that the songs that I sing are gifts from above
I regard art as a bridge between the beyond and here – call it &#x27;the spheres of inspiration.&#x27;&quot;
There&#x27;s a song by Mendelssohn whose title aptly describes soprano Elly Ameling: Auf Flügeln des Gesanges
who was dubbed “the Dutch nightingale” in her heyday
was the finest lieder and song interpreter her country produced in the post-war era
there&#x27;s an old-world formality to her approach
the slightest hand gesture matters and carries meaning
Her eyes flash and twinkle with every new thought and there&#x27;s plenty of wit and charm when the music requires
&quot;lieder was more me than opera.&quot; Her pure
her passion for poetry and unaffected personality certainly made her better-suited to the more intimate
word-oriented world of song than theatrical drama
and brought her a legion of fans world-wide
After a couple of operatic experiments in the mid-1970s she reverted pretty much exclusively to song
But early on it was her status as an oratorio singer in the recording studio and in public performances that paved the way for song
having grown up listening to Wilhelm Mengelberg&#x27;s annual St Matthew Passion and singing in her first Bach concerts directed by the legendary Dr Anthon van der Horst in the 1950s
He &quot;had an enormous influence on the choir of the Dutch Bach Society
It was a joy to follow his ideas which inspired all of us soloists unforgettably during the Holy Week.&quot;
She recorded her first St Matthew Passion in 1964 after conductor Karl Münchinger heard her on German radio and booked her as one of his soloists alongside Peter Pears
&quot;I was the youngest of all of us and I vividly remember how troubled I was to have to say to this great man: &#x27;How are you?&#x27;&quot;
In a career that spanned a remarkable 43 years
Ameling was a huge commercial as well as artistic success
with a discography of more than 150 LPs and CDs
and also undertook countless live broadcasts for Dutch radio between 1957 and 1991
&quot;I was never nervous in the studio because it was always possible to do it again
Decca Eloquence has just released two fabulous boxed sets of all her Bach recordings for Philips and Decca
On the latter are several songs and arias made available for the first time
What&#x27;s also very special about these releases
is that Ameling was interviewed last year on the eve of her 90th at her home in the Netherlands
and her conversation is recounted on the booklet accompanying the Bach boxed set
She has vivid memories of growing up with Bach&#x27;s music in the Netherlands in the 1950s and then performing and recording his music well into the 1980s
&quot;Who would not want to sing this divine music to all those biblical texts and to some humorous worldly ones on ever-new melodies
She also has plenty to say about changing baroque practice
&quot;But the fact is that the giant Johann Sebastian Bach is a musical miracle… His work surpasses all comprehension and remains monumental in any and every style
I was blessed that I had enough musicality and voice to serve the Genius.&quot;
&quot;I loved the physical sensation of singing&quot;
Elisabeth (Elly) Sara Ameling was born in Rotterdam on 8 February 1933
&quot;My mother who had a beautiful mezzo voice
and she conveyed that crucial sense of intimacy – the key to art songs – which never left me.&quot;
As &quot;a good girl I returned the compliment by learning to play the piano
Soon I got hold of some Schubert songs and thought
I loved the physical sensation of singing and felt it would be wonderful to recite a poem through music
but it never struck me that I would go on the stage.&#x27;&quot;
She was always thankful for her schooling in languages
&quot;In those days — the 1940s and 50s — at age 12
I have always been very grateful for the lessons in foreign languages and literature in school
It is that wonderful oneness of words and melody that is the true heart and joy of art song.&quot;
Ameling was a gifted linguist; her vast repertoire included songs in German
and stretched from Monteverdi and Bach via Mozart
But &quot;I never sang pieces for which I did not have a natural disposition
so I never chose to sing that repertoire.&quot;
Another surprising early influence was the Hollywood star Deanna Durbin
&quot;She had something so pure in her singing
I heard some of her records when I was about ten and I began to sing her repertory myself; things like &#x27;My Own
Determined on her career path from early on
Ameling saved time by getting her singing diploma through a national exam at The Hague rather than through conservatory study
When she was 18 in 1956 she won the prestigious Hertogenbosch Vocal Competition in the Netherlands which set her career in motion
but at this stage she was mainly singing concert works
Initially Ameling studied voice privately with several Dutch teachers including Jo Bollenkamp (Rotterdam Conservatoire&#x27;s head of vocal studies)
Later she studied French song intensively in Paris with baritone Pierre Bernac
France&#x27;s most renowned interpreter of the mélodie
who was Francis Poulenc&#x27;s regular recital and life partner
Whilst German lieder was already the core of her repertoire
she became a great champion of French song
though record companies were at first reluctant
&quot;They wanted to keep recording the usual warhorses
They though that French repertoire was difficult to sell
but when an influential marketing manager heard me sing a French recital
At the time she says there was little opportunity in the Netherlands to make a career singing lieder
so Ameling entered an international competition in Geneva in 1958 to get wider exposure
The event launched her career and newspapers trumpeted her triumph: “Elly Ameling
One of the jurors actually thought she was French
her singing of The Jewel Song from Gounod&#x27;s Faust
Interestingly she found all the publicity and attention too much and stepped out of public life for a while to work in a bookshop
but realised pretty quickly &quot;There is just one thing for me and that is singing
I had to get back to it and then I would see how things went.&quot;
She returned to concerts making her debut recitals in Amsterdam (1961)
London (1966) and New York (1968); important milestones in a developing career that eventually took her all over the world
But from the start she only accepted offers she felt were right for her and interestingly also kept her private life very private
In one rare interview when a journalist pried too closely into her personal life and her marriage to Arnold Belder
who as she said &quot;runs a little shop&quot; in Rotterdam (he was a diamond merchant) she replied with a dead pan expression
and I haven&#x27;t had any affairs that anybody knows about.&quot;
Elly Ameling believed in thorough research into the lives of the composers and poets she sang
to see as much as I could by visiting museums
Often a text refers to ancient times or another period in Western culture — information one has to acquaint oneself with in the best possible way
“Who is able to interpret the poetry about women without knowing the social background of females at the time these words were written
I&#x27;m thinking of Goethe&#x27;s Gretchen
but also La Diva de l&#x27;Empire by Numa Blès and Erik Satie
or the poetry of Emily Dickinson set to music by Aaron Copland.&quot;
she also explored so-called early music written in or before the seventeenth century
She was one of the first to record the music of Vivaldi and Bach
Telemann and Handel with a period instrument ensemble
Collegium Aureum for the Deutsche Harmonia Mundi label in the 1960s
earning the sobriquet “the godmother” of all early music vocalists who followed
&quot;We are there to serve the music&quot;
Much of German lieder is based on folk-inspired poetry and Ameling&#x27;s warm
girlish voice gave it just the right open-hearted touch
cut with strength into many facets and it is our duty to polish the infinite details.&quot;
She in part attributed her love of lieder rather than opera
I was drawn to the more inward expression of Rembrandt and Vermeer
but Rembrandt paints in the finer psychological shades
With songs you bring out small details.&quot;
She loved the direct communication with audiences that recitals offered
&quot;lies especially in the way you reach the audience
In recital we face the audience directly and you tell the story of your song directly and this creates a bond between your heart and theirs
One has to muster up courage to stand naked so to say before an audience
Once you have established this personal contact
Ameling also adored getting to the psychological heart of the characters she portrayed
especially in songs of Schubert and Hugo Wolf
Wolf has developed the psychology of the character more dramatically than Schubert has
&#x27;What would Schubert have written if he had lived longer
And what would Wolf have written in response?&#x27; Wolf&#x27;s songs are the shortest in the world
but every single one is like a little bomb that explodes with expression.&quot;
She established special musical partnerships and friendships with all the pianists she worked with who included Dalton Baldwin
She considered they deserved equal billing in their own right
even though the publicity and album covers don&#x27;t always reflect this
In 1970 she told Stereo Review: &quot;That old conception of the singer&#x27;s accompanist being – oh – the second wagon on the train or something
Both singer and pianist have their own ideas and exert influence upon each other.&quot;
&quot;It seems to be that everything is bigger and the colours are blaring and the sound too
and that&#x27;s why I am so glad that I can come with my intimate message.&quot;
Elly Ameling retired from the recital stage in the mid-1990s
she continued to share her love of song giving masterclasses for young singers
and there&#x27;s a valuable series of YouTube tutorials called Some Thoughts on the Heart of Art Song with an accompanying series of essays on interpretation; a marvellous resource for aspiring singers
&quot;One has to own a voice that is able to show different colours
have the skill and ability to measure the use of consonants — diction — and have a spirit that is quickly adjustable
because a recital usually holds twenty-two songs
all very different in atmosphere and character
Without a powerful imagination and the capacity to affect and impress the audience
we shouldn&#x27;t even start with this art form
A world of expression — our heaven on earth!&quot;
Soprano Elly Ameling(Supplied: Decca Eloquence)
</a>Tracklist05:02Played at 05:02Vesperae de Dominica in C major, K321: V. Laudate dominum [05&#x27;02]Composer
Elly Ameling (soprano) +  Brabant Philharmonic Orchestra
Maurice André (trumpet) +  Elly Ameling (soprano) +  Deutsche Bachsolisten
Dalton Baldwin (piano) +  Elly Ameling (soprano)
Elly Ameling: The Philips Recitals, 484 4125
English Chamber Orchestra +  Elly Ameling (soprano)
Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra +  Elly Ameling (soprano)
San Francisco Symphony Orchestra +  Elly Ameling (soprano)
Elly Ameling (soprano) +  Rudolf Jansen (piano)
Elly Ameling (soprano) +  Louis van Dijk (piano)
Published: 22 Apr 2025Tue 22 Apr 2025 at 8:00am
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Published: 8 Apr 2025Tue 8 Apr 2025 at 8:00am
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Bundesinnenminister Horst Seehofer hat im Bundeskabinett zum aktuellen Migrationsgeschehen berichtet und konkrete Maßnahmen vorgestellt
Im Fokus: Sekundärmigration aus Griechenland und die Lage an der deutsch-polnischen Grenze
um wieder Rücküberstellungen nach dem Dublin-Abkommen durchzuführen: "Wir werden noch einmal den Anlauf einer Vereinbarung mit Griechenland unternehmen
wenn es nicht zu einem gemeinsamen Vorgehen mit Griechenland kommt.“
An der EU-Außengrenze zu Belarus hält der Migrationsdruck an und hat auch Auswirkungen auf Deutschland
Über 5.700 illegale Einreisen nach Deutschland mit Bezug zu Belarus wurden bisher festgestellt
Bundesinnenminister Horst Seehofer hat dem polnischen Innenminister Mariusz Kamiński deutsche Unterstützung angeboten – unter anderem in Form von gemeinsamen Polizeistreifen auf polnischem Hoheitsgebiet und logistische Hilfe bei der Unterbringung und Versorgung der Migranten
Ziel ist die Minimierung des Flugverkehrs nach Belarus
Eine Fluggesellschaft aus dem Irak hat bereits zugesagt
Seehofer betont die Notwendigkeit eines geschlossenen Vorgehens in der EU: "In und durch Belarus findet eine staatlich organisierte Schleusertätigkeit statt
Das ist eine Form der hybriden Bedrohung indem man Migranten als politische Waffe einsetzt
Das können wir nur gemeinsam in der Staatengemeinschaft und der Europäischen Union lösen."
Bei der Pressekonferenz im Anschluss an die Kabinettsitzung warnt der Minister vor eine Dramatisierung der Lage
Mit Blick auf die bisher rund 80.000 Asylerstanträgen in diesem Jahr (ohne in Deutschland geborene Kinder) sagte er: "Die Größenordnung der Zuwanderung entspricht in etwa dem Durchschnitt der vergangenen 30 Jahre
Ein Vergleich mit 2015 und 2016 ist absolut nicht zulässig."
&#169; Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat
22:06Lesezeit: 2 Min.Bildbeschreibung ausklappenAus Vulkanasche geboren?Horst RademacherDie kalifornische Dürre lässt die Wasserstände sinken
Am Ufer des Lake Crowley sind jetzt fünf Meter hohe Säulen sichtbar geworden
Daran hat auch der reichliche Niederschlag des vergangenen Winters nicht viel geändert
Das gilt insbesondere für die vielen Talsperren
hinter denen Trinkwasser sowie Wasser für die Landwirtschaft gespeichert wird
aus dem Los Angeles mit Trinkwasser versorgt wird
ist auf dem niedrigsten Stand seit Jahrzehnten
Der fallende Wasserspiegel hat nun ein auf der Welt wahrscheinlich einmaliges Naturphänomen zu Tage treten lassen
Entlang des Südostufers des in knapp 2100 Meter oberhalb des Meeresspiegels liegenden Sees sind nun Tausende
mehr als fünf Meter hohe Säulen sichtbar geworden
welche die Uferböschungen wie einen griechischen Tempel erscheinen lassen
Obwohl in diesem Sommer schon mehrere Gruppen von Geologen die eigenartigen
nur vom Wasser aus erreichbaren Säulengärten untersucht haben
gibt es über deren Ursprung gegenwärtig nur Spekulationen
Eine recht elegante Hypothese haben nun Noah Randolph-Flagg und Michael Manga von der University of California in Berkeley vorgelegt
Danach sind diese Säulen vor knapp einer Dreiviertel Million Jahren entstanden
als sich bei einem gewaltigen Vulkanausbruch die Caldera von Long Valley bildete
über mehrere hunderttausend Quadratkilometer bis in den heutigen Bundesstaat Nebraska ausbreiten konnte
In der Nähe des Ausbruchszentrums war die Asche noch heiß
Die Hitze buk sie zu einem Sintertuff zusammen
Wegen der schlechten Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Vulkanasche blieb dieser Tuff jahrtausendelang so warm
dass sich in ihn eindringendes Regen- und Grundwasser bis über den Siedepunkt erhitzen konnte
Das heiße Wasser konnte dann durch mikroskopisch kleine Öffnungen des Sintertuffs zirkulieren
in dem Tuff chemische Reaktionen ausgelöst
Bei diesen hydrothermalen Veränderungen der Vulkanasche entstanden unter anderem Zonen im Tuff
in denen sich das Mineral Mordenit anreicherte
Das wiederum führte zu einer Verhärtung des Tuffs
Im Laufe der Jahrtausende bildete sich in der Caldera von Long Valley ein See
der Mitte vergangenen Jahrhunderts endgültig zum Lake Crowley gestaut wurde
Im Laufe der Zeit löste das Seewasser nun die nicht verfestigten Tuffe und spülte sie hinweg
während die vom Mordenit verfestigten Zonen dem Wasser standhielten
Dabei entstanden im Laufe der Zeit unter Wasser die Säulengärten
nachdem die Dürre den Seespiegel hat sinken lassen
TeilenVerschenken Merken Drucken Anhören <a href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="btn clickable flex items-center gap-[8px] max-sm:sr-only">Zur Startseite</a>Schlagworte:
 Bäume, Parks und Fassadenbegrünung können Metropolen im Klimawandel resilient machen. Vor allem in zwei Weltregionen ist das Potential groß.
Mondmissionen: Wo gibt es Wasser auf dem Mond?</a> An den Polen unseres Trabanten gibt es Krater, in das ganze Jahr kein Sonnenlicht fällt. Aber hat sich dort wirklich Wassereis halten können?
Kulturtechnik: Kann die Schreibschrift endlich weg?</a> Die Debatte um die Schreibschrift in deutschen Schulen bleibt kontrovers
Was sagen Studien und die Erfahrung in anderen Ländern zur Abschaffung der Schönschrift
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17:29 Uhr.css-rhp0z0{color:var(--sz-basic-border-color-secondary
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#29293a);font-family:'SZSansDigital','Neue Helvetica','Helvetica',sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.5;}.css-1vyk908 p{display:inline;}.css-1vyk908 small{color:var(--sz-basic-text-color-secondary
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#29293a);padding-bottom:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:border-bottom 150ms ease-in-out;transition:border-bottom 150ms ease-in-out;}.css-1vyk908 a:focus,.css-1vyk908 a:hover{border-bottom-color:transparent;}Horst Herold (links) bei einer Pressekonferenz zum Anschlag auf die deutsche Botschaft in Stockholm
Jetzt hat er ihn hinter sich gelassen - und ist in seine fränkische Heimat zurückgekehrt
Von <a href="/autoren/heribert-prantl-1.1148378">Heribert Prantl</a>
Als Journalist trifft man viele Menschen; man befragt sie
Manche dieser Begegnungen hat man alsbald wieder vergessen
dass sie zu einem Teil des eigenen Lebens werden
von so einer Beziehung möchte ich Ihnen heute erzählen
Der gegebene Anlass beginnt am kommenden Dienstag
es ist dies der vierzigste Jahrestag der Entführung des Arbeitgeberpräsidenten Hanns Martin Schleyer durch die RAF
Mit diesem Tag beginnt die Erinnerung an den sogenannten Deutschen Herbst des Jahres 1977
der Erpressungen und der terroristischen Morde war
ein junger Student der Rechtswissenschaften
Den damaligen Chef des Bundeskriminalamts Horst Herold - von ihm und den Begegnungen mit ihm möchte ich erzählen - kannte ich aus dem Fernsehen
In den Nachrichtensendungen war Horst Herold vor vierzig Jahren öfter zu sehen als der Bundeskanzler
Herold war ein eher bullig wirkender Mann mit einer großen schwarzen Brille
dahinter ein entschlossen-kämpferisches Gesicht
Er hatte das polizeiliche Informationssystem Inpol erfunden und eingeführt
er hatte die Möglichkeiten des Computers und der Datennetze schon erkannt
die heute damit Millionen und Milliarden verdienen
Er galt als genialer Kriminalist, aber besonders beliebt war er bei uns Rechtsstudenten nicht. Schon vor seiner BKA-Zeit, als Polizeichef von Nürnberg, hatte er Mittel und Methoden propagiert, die es ermöglichen sollten, dass die <a href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/thema/Polizei">Polizei</a> möglichst schon am Tatort ist
Wir Jurastudenten hielten Horst Herold für einen Dr
der Informationen säuft wie ein Alkoholiker den Schnaps
Aber diese Vorhölle war erfolgreich: Herold fand den Schlüssel zur Fahndung gegen Ulrike Meinhof & Co
aus denen er seine Methoden für das Rastern destillierte
So brachte er die erste und die zweite Generation der RAF ins Gefängnis
Teile der Revolte von 1968 beließen es nicht beim Aufbegehren
Ihre Aktionen gipfelten im linken Terrorismus
nachdem er im Kampf gegen die RAF aus der Kriminalklitsche namens BKA eine Art deutsches FBI gemacht hatte
zwangsweise in den Ruhestand geschickt worden - der damalige Bundesinnenminister Gerhart Baum (FDP) hatte an Herold ein liberales Exempel gegen den Datenwahn statuieren wollen
Ich schrieb über den Hungerstreik der inhaftierten RAF-Terroristen
ich schrieb 1989 über die Ermordung von Alfred Herrhausen
wollte seine Einschätzung zum Stand der Fahndung hören
erwartete die Personifizierung polizeilicher Hybris in seiner Gestalt
keinen zackigen und keinen polternden Sheriff
sondern einen nachdenklichen Kriminalphilosophen - einen Staatsdenker und Staatsdiener
einen Herrn von vollendeten Umgangsformen und bestrickender Liebenswürdigkeit
Wir kamen ins Gespräch; und aus einem Gespräch wurden viele
was Kriminalistik ist - ein Handwerk und eine Wissenschaft
dass ein hervorragender Kriminalist zugleich ein wunderbarer Kriminologe sein kann
wie Extremismus entsteht und wo und wie sich Extremismen berühren
Und ich entdeckte beim Reden über die Sicherheitsgesetze einen aufrechten Bürgerrechtler - der bis heute beteuert
dass seine Methode der "negativen Rasterfahndung" grundrechtsschonend sei
weil Nichtverdächtige von vorneherein nicht erfasst würden
Fast 35 Jahre Jahre lang lebte der Pensionist Herold hinter den Mauern einer Grenzschutzkaserne in Oberbayern - als "letzter Gefangener der RAF"
sehr abgeschieden: Man passierte erst eine Schranke mit bewaffneten Posten
fuhr vorbei am ersten gelben Kasernenblock
stand dann vor einem Drahtgittertor und einer bizarren Idylle: Ein ummauerter Flecken Grün
links vom Eingang ein Rhododendronbusch - das Häuschen
in dem Doktor Herold mit seiner in diesem Jahr verstorbenen Frau lebte
die das kleine Anwesen in den Jahren des RAF-Terrors noch schützend umgaben
waren planiert; es war seitdem nicht mehr so finster im Wohnzimmer der Herolds
Die Kasernen-Ecke hatte ihnen der Staat zugewiesen
Nirgendwo anders wollte der Staat seinen Diener a.D
wie Caesar seinen Soldaten ein Grundstück geschenkt hat; der Staat hat sich das Stück Kaserne von Herold teuer abkaufen lassen
Was blieb dem Mann übrig: Er war damals die gefährdetste Person der Republik
die Dienstwohnung im Bundeskriminalamt zu verlassen
Herolds Anwesen im heimatlichen Nürnberg zu bewachen
um sich vom Erlös in einer Ecke der oberbayerischen Kaserne in aller Eile ein Fertighaus bauen zu lassen
Vielleicht war das die Rache der Ministerialbürokratie an einem Mann
dessen Fahndung die RAF so gefürchtet hatte
vor deren Anschlägen; hier versteckte er sich vor der Öffentlichkeit
Hier wollte er Ruhe haben und fand sie doch nicht richtig
Requisiten und Archivalien aus der RAF-Zeit hatte er aus den Wohnräumen in den Keller verbannt
weil er ohnehin fast alles im Kopf hat - jedes Detail der misslungenen Fahndung nach dem entführten Hanns Martin Schleyer
weil so "die Interpretationshoheit den Tätern überlassen bleibt"
das er selbst über die RAF schreiben wollte
der damalige Innenminister Baum verboten; er gab ihm den ersehnten Zugang zu den Akten nicht
wenn einer in solcher Verbunkerung nicht verbiestert
Herold verbiesterte und verbitterte nicht; zartbitter freilich konnte er schon sein
Aus dem markanten Großpolizisten wurde ein weltweiser
dem zuletzt die Pflege seiner schwerkranken Frau zur Lebensaufgabe wurde
Die Selbstauflösung der RAF im Jahr 1998 hat er staunend und selbstzweiflerisch erlebt
War der Terrorismus der dritten Generation womöglich auch daran gestorben
auf den Terrorismus zu reagieren - andere Wege als fahnden
wenn es eine Versöhnungsinitiative wie die des damaligen Justizministers Klaus Kinkel nicht erst 1992 gegeben hätte
Dem alten Horst Herold fehlte hinter den Kasernenmauern die Freiheit
Und so plante er seit längerem seine letzte große Aktion
die geordnete Flucht aus dem Kasernen-Gefängnis
dorthin wo einst sein Berufsleben als Richter
als Polizeidirektor und Polizeipräsident begonnen hatte
Der Deutsche Herbst hat für Horst Herold Jahrzehnte gedauert
wird Herold in seiner fränkischen Heimat den 94
Dem Staatsdiener Horst Herold alles Gute; und den Dank des Vaterlandes
In anspruchsvollen Berufsfeldern im Stellenmarkt der SZ.
.css-5x0u19{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}<a href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/gutscheine" class="css-5x0u19">Gutscheine</a>.css-pcxqtt{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;}:
„Bares für Rares“ ist eine erfolgreiche TV-Show
die von Montag bis Freitag täglich nachmittags im ZDF läuft
Köln/Fulda - Bei „Bares für Rares“ stellen sich die privaten Verkäufer zunächst bei Moderator Horst Lichter vor
Dann begutachten Experten die jeweiligen Objekte
Die erste Folge der zunächst wöchentlich ausgestrahlten Sendung wurde am 4
Dezember 2015 ist das Format durchgängig jeden Tag unter der Woche auf Sendung
in der Moderator Horst Lichter erstmals selbst als Händler in Aktion trat
Bei „Bares für Rares“ können Privatpersonen aus Deutschland ihre antiken
wertvollen oder besonders lieb gewonnenen Schätze im Walzwerk in Pulheim bei Köln begutachten lassen und an die Händler verkaufen
Aktuell (Stand: 22.01.2025) listet das ZDF 20 Frauen und Männer auf
Das neueste Mitglied im Team der Händler ist seit dem 24
Juni 2024 der gebürtige Brasilianer Anaisio Guedes
Nach dem altersbedingten Abschied von Ludwig Hofmaier am 26
Juni 2020 sind nur noch drei Händler bei „Bares für Rares“ seit Beginn an dabei: Fabian Kahl
Walter „Waldi“ Lehnertz und Wolfgang Pauritsch
Nicht mehr als Händler dabei sind hingegen Sandra Vanessa Schäfer
Als Experten sind bei „Bares für Rares“ aktuell Dr
Bianca Berding sowie Patrick Lessmann an Bord
Nach ZDF-Angaben werden die Anreise und gegebenenfalls anfallende Hotelkosten von der Produktion bezahlt
wenn es zu einem Verkaufsgespräch (nicht nur zu einer Experten-Schätzung) kommt
Die Expertise bei „Bares für Rares“ kostet die Verkäufer laut ZDF nichts
Seit dem Start 2013 ist Horst Lichter der Moderator der Show
Koch und frühere Restaurant-Inhaber ist zum dritten Mal verheiratet
Von „Bares für Rares“ gibt oder gab es einige Sonderformate
Dazu gehören unter anderem das Promi-Spezial (2015-2016)
die Sammlerstücke (2021) und die XXL-Abendshow (2017-heute)
Die Sendungen sind frei in der ZDF-Mediathek abrufbar - teilweise auch bereits vor der Ausstrahlung im TV
„Bares für Rares“ wurde 2018 mit der Goldenen Kamera und 2019 mit dem dem Deutschen Fernsehpreis prämiert
Die TV-Show gilt aufgrund ihrer guten Einschaltquoten als die erfolgreichste Sendung im Nachmittagsprogramm des ZDF
Wochentags sehen etwa drei Millionen Menschen mit einem regelmäßigen Marktanteil von um die 25 Prozent zu
Das Format wurde laut ZDF auch in vielen anderen Ländern erfolgreich adaptiert
In der Ausgabe in Deutschland ist Elisabeth Nüdling aus Fulda seit 2017 als Händlerin dabei
Die dreifache Mutter ist promovierte Kunsthistorikerin
Schmuckhändlerin und Diamanten-Gutachterin
Nüd­ling führt sie das Kunsthaus Nüdling in Fulda
Unter www.rares-bewerbung.de kann sich jeder bewerben
der eine Rarität in der Sendung „Bares für Rares“ verkaufen möchte
Jede Woche gehen laut ZDF zwischen 500 und 1000 Bewerbungen ein
Die Verkäufer erhalten nach erfolgreicher Expertise die sogenannte „Händlerkarte“
Liegt die Expertise deutlich unter dem Wunschpreis der Verkäufer
können diese die Händlerkarte auch ablehnen
Das bislang teuerste (Stand: 22.01.2025) verkaufte Exponat bei „Bares für Rares“ (ZDF) ist ein Jaguar „E Type Coupé“
Der Oldtimer ging in der Sommer-Sendung am 31
Juli 2024 für 60.000 Euro an den Kunsthändler Julian Schmitz-Avila
Bis dahin hatte die Spitzenposition ein Papst-Brillantkreuz eingenommen
der für 35.000 Euro den Besitzer wechselte
auf den Rängen vier und fünf folgen ein expressionistisches Gemälde (30.500 Euro) und ein russisches Trinkgefäß aus vergoldetem Silber für 29.000 Euro
Letzteres hatte die Verkäuferin auf dem Flohmarkt entdeckt - und dort für lediglich fünf Euro erstanden
Ein 5000 Jahre altes Siegel für Flaschen und Tongefäße war das bislang älteste Exponat
Innerhalb weniger Jahre entstanden in Fertigbauweise einige Dutzend Kindergärten, Raststätten und Büros, aber auch Häuser in Nigeria und Abu Dhabi und ein Gästehaus für Prinz Feisal in der saudi-arabischen Wüste. Der Boom zumindest in Deutschland endete Mitte der 70er-Jahre mit Inkrafttreten der neuen Brandschutzverordnung. "Durch den Brandschutz wurde die ASB-Technik im zweigeschossigen Bau zu teuer", erklärt Horst Babinsky.
Ein Bekannter riet ihm, Squashcourts aus Fertigteilen zu bauen. Inzwischen gibt es auch welche aus Glas. Die Wände lassen sich verschieben, damit die Courts auch für andere Sportarten genutzt werden können. Mehr als 7000 Anlagen habe ASB bis heute verkauft und sieht sich damit als Weltmarktführer.
11:47Lesezeit: 2 Min.Bildbeschreibung ausklappenGrünen-Politiker Hans-Christian Ströbele ist gestorben.dpaDer Grünen-Politiker Hans-Christian Ströbele ist tot
wie sein Rechtsanwalt Johannes Eisenberg am Mittwoch mitteilte
Bundeskanzler Olaf Scholz würdigte ihn auf Twitter mit den Worten: „Sein Antrieb war
Politik zu machen und die Gesellschaft zu verändern
Mit Christian&nbsp;Ströbele&nbsp;verliert Deutschland einen streitbaren Politiker
der die politische Debatte über Jahrzehnte mitgeprägt hat
„Christian Ströbele hat vielen Menschen imponiert – mir auch –, wegen seiner Geradlinigkeit, seinem Einsatz für Bürgerrechte und soziale Politik“, sagte Wirtschaftsminister <a href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/thema/robert-habeck" title="Robert Habeck">Robert Habeck</a> am Rande der Pressekonferenz zur Kabinettsklausur in Meseberg
Juni 1939 in Halle/Saale als Sohn eines Chemikers und einer Juristin geboren
1945 zog die Familie nach Marl in Westfalen um
Er studierte Jura in Heidelberg und Berlin
Ende der Sechzigerjahre wurde Ströbele bekannt
er trat 1967 als Rechtsreferendar in die Berliner Anwaltspraxis von Horst Mahler ein
Zwei Jahre später gründeten beide das deutsche „Sozialistische Anwaltskollektiv“
Ab Juli 1972 verteidigte Ströbele gemeinsam mit Mahler und dem späteren Bundesinnenminister Otto Schily als Wahlverteidiger Andreas Baader
dessen „Rote Armee Fraktion“ (RAF) mit Terrorakten gegen den Staat kämpfte
Ströbele wurde zu einem führenden Vertreter der außerparlamentarischen links-alternativen Bewegung in Deutschland. Er war einer der Gründer der Berliner „tageszeitung“ und trat 1985 der Alternativen Liste für Demokratie und Umweltschutz (AL) bei, die später <a href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/thema/buendnis-90-die-gruenen" title="Die Grünen">den Grünen</a> als Berliner Landesverband angegliedert wurde
Bei der Bundestagswahl 1998 zog Ströbele über die Berliner Landesliste in den Bundestag ein
2002 gewann er erstmals den Berliner Wahlkreis Kreuzberg-Friedrichshain direkt und verteidigte ihn durchgehend
Ein roter Schal und sein weißer Haarschopf wurden zu seinen Markenzeichen; außerdem fuhr Ströbele in Berlin stets mit dem Fahrrad
In den letzten Jahren im Bundestag hatte&nbsp;Ströbele&nbsp;sich intensiv den Geheimdiensten gewidmet und mit einem Besuch bei dem amerikanischen Whistleblower Edward Snowden in Moskau Schlagzeilen gemacht
schied Ströbele aus der aktiven Politik aus
betrieb seine Anwaltskanzlei in Berlin aber zunächst weiter
Sein Rechtsanwalt Eisenberg schrieb nun in seiner Mitteilung: „Er hat selbst entschieden
nicht mehr fortsetzen wollte und lebenserhaltende Maßnahmen reduziert
der Körper wurde ihm zur Qual und hat ihn am 29
Scholz tritt ab: Mit Respekt ins Kanzleramt, mit Respect wieder raus</a> Für Olaf Scholz fing es gut an: Die Zeitenwende-Rede war der große Moment seiner Kanzlerschaft. Doch es ging nicht gut weiter. Woran scheiterte das von ihm ausgerufene sozialdemokratische Jahrzehnt?
Das Kriegsende in Indien: Mit Gedenkfeiern ist nicht zu rechnen</a> Das Kriegsende im Herzen des britischen Kolonialreichs: Für Indien fing das Drama nach 1945 erst an
Bis heute leidet das Land unter einem wirkmächtigen historischen Trauma
 Staatsbediensteten mit AfD-Parteibuch drohen nach der Einstufung der Partei als rechtsextremistisch keine unmittelbaren Nachteile
Der designierte Bundesinnenminister verweist auf die Rechtslage
Am Montag lädt Angela Merkel zu ihrer Ordensverleihung ein
Auf der Gästeliste fehlen Namen wie Friedrich Merz oder Horst Seehofer
Dafür sind Chemieprofessoren und Historiker geladen
Das „Großkreuz des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland“: Die höchste deutsche Auszeichnung für Leistungen zum Gemeinwohl wurde bislang nur an zwei deutsche Personen verliehen – die CDU-Politiker Konrad Adenauer und Helmut Kohl
Am Montagabend kommt eine weitere hinzu: Angela Merkel. Bundespräsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier wird die Altkanzlerin im Schloss Bellevue ab 18 Uhr <a href="/politik/hochstmoglicher-orden-steinmeier-ehrt-merkel-in-einer-reihe-mit-adenauer-und-kohl-9664877.html?icid=in-text-link_9669863" class="link link--internal" data-gtm-class="article-text-link" data-gtm-val="internal">bei einer feierlichen Preisverleihung</a> mit einer Laudatio ehren und anschließend zum feierlichen Abendessen laden. 
Die Tagesspiegel-App Aktuelle Nachrichten, Hintergründe und Analysen direkt auf Ihr Smartphone. Dazu die digitale Zeitung. Hier gratis herunterladen.  </a>Ein Blick auf die Gästeliste verrät: Kein amtierender CDU-Führungspolitiker ist geladen – dafür aber Fußballtrainer Jürgen Klinsmann
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Den ehemaligen CSU-Vorsitzenden Horst Seehofer sowie den amtierenden CDU-Chef Friedrich Merz sucht man auf der Gästeliste vergeblich
Am Montag wird Angela Merkel das „Großkreuz des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland“ verliehen – und zwar „in besonderer Ausfertigung“
Laut dem Bundespräsidialamt handelt es sich dabei um „die höchste Anerkennung
die die Bundesrepublik für Verdienste um das Gemeinwohl ausspricht“
Eine Art Preisgeld sei allerdings nicht an die Verleihung gekoppelt
„Eine finanzielle Zuwendung ist mit der Verleihung des Verdienstordens nicht verbunden“
Wenn <a href="/politik/themen/frank-walter-steinmeier?icid=in-text-link_9669863" class="link link--internal" data-gtm-class="article-text-link" data-gtm-val="internal">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> der Altkanzlerin am Montagabend das Verdienstkreuz verleiht, stellt er sie gewissermaßen in eine Reihe mit den vorigen Ordensträgern Konrad Adenauer und Helmut Kohl. 
Der Chef der CDU-Grundwertekommission, Andreas Rödder, bezeichnete die Ordensverleihung an Merkel in einem <a href="/meinung/verdienstorden-fur-angela-merkel-das-kreuz-an-der-falschen-stelle-9656456.html?icid=in-text-link_9669863" class="link link--internal" data-gtm-class="article-text-link" data-gtm-val="internal">Gastbeitrag für den Tagesspiegel</a> als einen Fehler – als Grund nannte er ihre Russlandpolitik, ihre Migrationspolitik und den Atomausstieg.
Menschen mit Orden zu behängen wie Weihnachtsbäume mit Lametta“
sagte Linken-Chefin Janine Wissler am Montag in Berlin
In diesem Fall wolle sie „gar nicht wegreden
dass Angela Merkel natürlich auch Verdienste hat“
Dennoch sei ihre Regierungszeit kritisch zu hinterfragen
<a href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de" data-gtm-class="article-home-link" class="tspGae tspA6i9">Zur Startseite</a>
16:11Lesezeit: 7 Min.Bildbeschreibung ausklappenStaatstragend: Die Huazhong University in Wuhan feiert das hundertjährige Bestehen der Kommunistischen Partei.dpaAngesichts von Xis Repressionspolitik muss die Chinaforschung ihre Rolle überdenken
Die Ausblendung von Problemen und die Stigmatisierung kritischer Stimmen sind der falsche Weg
Replik auf Björn Alpermann und Gunter Schubert
wurden als „moralische Kreuzritter“ diffamiert und als Nestbeschmutzer stigmatisiert
Argumente wischen die Autoren mit der Behauptung vom Tisch
für einen steigenden Einfluss Chinas auf die deutsche Chinaforschung fehlten Belege
<a href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/mehr-wirtschaft/handelskonflikt-der-worst-case-fuer-den-welthandel-110450139.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="flex sm:hidden">FAZ+Der Worst Case für den Welthandel</a><a href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/mehr-wirtschaft/handelskonflikt-der-worst-case-fuer-den-welthandel-110450139.html" rel="noopener noreferrer">FAZ+Handelskonflikt: Der Worst Case für den Welthandel</a> Die Ordnung der Weltwirtschaft scheint zerstört
wie schlimm es für Deutschland kommen könnte
Das hängt jedoch von einigen Faktoren ab: Stimmt der Chef zu
Manch ein Fall ist aber spezieller gelagert
15:17Lesezeit: 2 Min.Bildbeschreibung ausklappenDie aus Griechenland in Hannover angekommenen Flüchtlingskinder werden zunächst für eine zweiwöchige Quarantäne im Landkreis Osnabrück untergebracht
bevor sie auf die Bundesländer verteilt werden.dpa47 unbegleitete Minderjährige aus Lagern in der Ägäis sind in Hannover gelandet
Das Elend in den griechischen Camps müsse schnell beendet werden
Sein Bundesland stehe für eine zweite Evakuierung bereit
die zuletzt in Lagern auf den griechischen Insel gelebt hatten
Sie sollen zunächst für eine zweiwöchige Quarantäne im Landkreis Osnabrück untergebracht werden
bevor sie auf die Bundesländer verteilt werden
Wie das niedersächsische Innenministerium und das Bundesinnenministerium mitteilten
handelt es sich um 42 Kinder und um fünf Jugendliche
von denen vier in Begleitung jüngerer Geschwisterkinder sind
 Mit dem Großen Zapfenstreich endet die Kanzlerschaft von Olaf Scholz
In seiner Abschiedsrede stellt der Kanzler seine Dankbarkeit in den Mittelpunkt
Doch auch seine Liedauswahl transportiert so manche Botschaft
 Musiker spielen ausgewählte Serenaden +++ Scholz hält seine letzte Rede +++ Spahn zum Vorsitzenden der Unionsfraktion gewählt +++ Miersch soll SPD-Fraktionsvorsitzender werden +++ alle Entwicklungen im Liveblog
Bei einer gemeinsamen Pressekonferenz mit Bundesjustizministerin Lambrecht kündigt der Bundesinnenminister an
nach Hanau die Polizeipräsenz in ganz Deutschland zu erhöhen
Mit Blick auf die zahlreichen Großveranstaltungen der nächsten Tage werde die Polizeipräsenz in ganz Deutschland erhöht
Darauf habe er sich gestern mit den Innenministern der Länder verständigt
Auch sensible Einrichtungen wolle man verstärkt überwachen
betonte Seehofer vor Journalistinnen und Journalisten in Berlin
Der Rechtsextremismus sei derzeit die größte Bedrohung in Deutschland
Vergangene Woche waren zwölf mutmaßliche Rechtsextremisten wegen konkreter Anschlagspläne festgenommen worden
bei Dursuchungen hatten die Sicherheitskräfte große Mengen an Sprengstoff
Handgranaten und automatischen Waffen sichergestellt
Damit seien weitere Anschläge verhindert worden
es verdeutliche aber auch noch einmal die hohe Bedrohungslage
Gesellschaft und Politik müssen ihn Schulter an Schulter mit aller Leidenschaft und Konsequenz bekämpfen."
BMI-Gesetz zur Änderung des Waffenrechts erschwert den Zugang zu Waffen für Verfassungsfeinde und Extremisten
Er fordere als Folge von Hanau nicht mehr Personal und auch nicht mehr Befugnisse
dass die bestehenden gesetzlichen Möglichkeiten stärker genutzt würden
Gerade am Vortag sei eine Verschärfung des Waffenrechts in Kraft getreten
welche Wirkung diese Änderungen in der Praxis entfalten werden
Er werde jedoch nicht sämtliche Sportschützenvereine unter Generalverdacht stellen
Abteilungen/Institute für Allgemeinmedizin 2020
Das Resümee der DEGAM ist positiv: In den vergangenen Jahren habe sich das Image der Allgemeinmedizin bereits nachhaltig gewandelt, sagt Prof. Dr. med. Martin Scherer, Präsident der DEGAM, dem Deutschen Ärzteblatt. Insgesamt habe sich die Allgemeinmedizin an den meisten Fakultäten als ein akademisches Fach etabliert. Dies gelte sowohl für die Lehre als auch mittlerweile für die Forschung (siehe Kurzinterview).
Das Interesse an praxisnaher Versorgungsforschung in der Primärversorgung, an innovativen Versorgungsformen und an interprofessionellen Ansätzen, das das Bundesforschungsministerium (BMBF) und die Landesministerien zeigten, sei zu begrüßen und sollte weiter verstärkt werden. „Forschungspraxen-Förderung durch das BMBF ist ein wichtiger Baustein für den Aufbau nachhaltiger Forschungsstrukturen in der Primärversorgung“, betont Joos.
Hier müssten jedoch nach ihrer Ansicht einerseits weitere Ausschreibungen folgen, um diese auch am Leben zu halten. Andererseits bedürfe es in der Allgemeinmedizin einer geförderten Vernetzung mit den Forschungsstrukturen des stationären Bereichs, um in der Forschung eine sektorenübergreifende Struktur zu ermöglichen.
Gágyor bildet seit Januar 2018 gemeinsam mit Prof. Dr. med. Anne Simmenroth an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Würzburg eine weibliche Doppelspitze. Die beiden befreundeten Ärztinnen bauten den ordentlichen Lehrstuhl für Allgemeinmedizin bewusst zusammen auf, um mit diesem Modell zu zeigen, dass Lehrstühle in Zukunft (auch in anderen Fächern) geteilt werden können (Das Deutsche Ärzteblatt berichtete.).
Auch wenn abermals den Studierenden ein digitales Semester bevorsteht: Mit dem jetzt startenden Wintersemester 2020/2021 setzt die Uni Würzburg dank des großen Engagements der Lehrpraxen trotzdem das Programm „Beste Landpartie Allgemeinmedizin (BeLA) des Bayerischen Gesundheitsministeriums um, mit dem Medizinstudierende bereits früh im Studium mit einer späteren allgemeinmedizinischen Tätigkeit im ländlichen Raum in Kontakt gebracht werden.
Die Erfolge des Programms lassen sich sehen: Absolventen des Rotationsprogramms sind inzwischen entweder selbst in der akademischen Allgemeinmedizin oder haben sich niedergelassen und fördern so die Kooperation zwischen Uni und Hausarztpraxis.
Dennoch: „Viele unserer Lehrpraxen sehen die Ausbildung Studierender als Win-win-Situation: Auch wenn es Zeit und Engagement kostet, so bringen Studierende ‚frisches‘ Wissen mit, bieten Anlass, die eigene Tätigkeit zu reflektieren. Auch die Vernetzung im Netz der Lehrpraxen ist ein Pluspunkt“, sagt Bleidorn.
Stolz ist auch RUB-Studiendekan Prof. Dr. med. Thorsten Schäfer: „Der Export unseres Lehrkonzeptes in dem Raum OWL kann als voller Erfolg gewertet werden“, erklärt er. Jedes Jahr entschieden sich mehr Studierende, auch ihr PJ in OWL zu absolvieren.
Das Zentrum für Allgemeinmedizin und Geriatrie wurde in Mainz im Dezember 2015 mit einer eigenen Professur gegründet. Zuvor wurde das Fach von einem Lehrbereich vertreten. Das Zentrum wird von Prof. Dr. med. Michael Jansky geleitet. Zusätzlich ist er in seiner allgemeinmedizinischen Praxis in Böhl-Iggelheim tätig.
Auch die Zahl der Publikationen der Abteilung ist deutlich gestiegen: Von neun Veröffentlichungen in 2018 auf bereits 24 in diesem Jahr. „Wenn einmal ein gutes und harmonisierendes Team zusammengestellt ist, geht die Entwicklung auch im Bereich der allgemeinmedizinischen Forschung deutlich voran.“ In der Abteilung sind derzeit drei wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter angestellt.
Mit der Pandemie hat sich auch Mainz auf die Onlinelehre konzentriert. „Wir mussten schnell ein digitales Semester implementieren.“ Theoretische Inhalte konnten per Lerneinheiten mit Videounterstützung vermittelt werden. „Wir müssen sehen, wie wir die Erfahrungen in die zukünftige Lehre einfließen lassen, sodass wir theoretische Inhalte als Onlinelerneinheiten vermitteln und so mehr Zeit für die praktischen Inhalte im Kleingruppenunterricht gewinnen.“
Wie zufrieden sind Sie mit der akademischen Präsenz, die die Allgemeinmedizin erreicht hat?
Erhalten Sie ausreichend politische Unterstützung – auch auf Landesebene?
Liefert die allgemeinmedizinische Forschung bereits Ergebnisse, die Benefit für die tägliche Arbeit bringen?
Auf jeden Fall. Zum Beispiel die ganzen DEGAM-Leitlinien, die auf den Ergebnissen allgemeinmedizinscher Forschung fußen. Sie sind fester Bestandteil der täglichen hausärztlichen Arbeit. Es ist auch nicht so, als würde allgemeinmedizinische Forschung erst seit gestern betrieben. Die Versorgungsforschung beispielsweise ist ein etablierter Teil der Gesundheitssystemforschung, der maßgeblich von der Allgemeinmedizin geprägt wird.
Rebecca Beerheide, Dr. med. Eva Richter-Kuhlmann
Allgemeinmedizin: Geändert hat sich nichts
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