If you have questions regarding your subscription of European Security & Defence contact our subscriber service:
Foreign Affairs has been the leading forum for serious discussion of American foreign policy and global affairs
The magazine has featured contributions from many leading international affairs experts
Osgood Professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies
Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies
Eliot A. Cohen
This article is part of a series examining what a year of war in Ukraine has revealed
The Western response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has been less a problem of strategy than of tactics and execution
the basic idea—support Ukraine and defeat Russia—has held up well; the implementation has not
That holds especially true for the United States
Successful statecraft has much in common with the concept of aerial combat formulated by twentieth-century U.S
Air Force pilot and military thinker John Boyd
From his experience in the Korean War and later studies
Boyd concluded that fighter pilots engage in combat in a four-stage cycle: a pilot observes what is going on
The tighter the loop—the quicker and more efficiently each stage is mastered—the greater the chance of success
Russians have turned the United States’ failure to uphold that comment
which was not an official policy or document
into what they see as a legitimate grievance
Moreover, few if any Western leaders paid adequate attention to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s article “On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians,” published in July 2021
more than six months before the Russian invasion
Fewer still saw how seriously Putin took the threat of democratic contagion to his regime
Putin called on Europe to dismantle its security order
many Western leaders did not accept that they were dealing with a man who aimed at nothing less than restoring a Russian empire based on chauvinism
the United States offered Zelensky help to escape—and that most Ukrainians would accept
their reincorporation into the Russian empire
restored its own intelligence credibility after the failures of the Iraq War
and established a strong basis for arming Ukraine’s defense forces—forces that were
meaning that they will not be ready for use until late this spring—possibly too late for them to make a difference in Russia’s expected late-winter and early-spring offensives
clocks are ticking in different places and at different paces
There are clocks determined by weather and muddy seasons
by training cycles and mobilization of troops
by the ebbs and flows of public and military morale
and by the supply of weapons and ammunition
undermining not only the Ukrainian cause but also its own
large-scale programs to train Ukrainian soldiers in Germany
and the United Kingdom of the kind the British began in July 2022 could have been established on a large scale months earlier
The United States could have put High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) into the pipeline to Ukraine as soon as the war began
could have been trained and ready to use them by the time the war shifted to the east last summer
command could have been stood up last spring
Western main battle tanks could have been delivered in the fall of 2022—when Ukraine was on the move and Russia had not yet assembled more forces—as could have the long-range missiles that Ukraine needs to destroy Russian logistics
learning in a matter of weeks to use weapons systems that in peacetime require months of training
their military resembles Israel’s of an earlier era—ingenious
not always the most skilled or best equipped
Ukraine could have further exploited the collapse of Russian units near Kharkiv in September 2022 and weakened the entire Russian position in the south of Ukraine
a Ukrainian military equipped with long-range missile systems could be already dismantling the logistical infrastructure on which the Russian invaders depend
But Ukraine has been held back by its patrons
Western strategists have also failed to accurately assess Russia’s future
the former national security adviser and secretary of state
asserted in 2022 that despite Russia’s “propensity to violence,” the country has contributed “to the global equilibrium and to the balance of power for over half a millennium.” To the contrary: historically
Russia has not only consistently expanded its empire but also has celebrated conquest
Such sentiment is indeed stronger than ever
a former Russian military intelligence officer who led a U.S.-headquartered think tank in Moscow
was correct when he pointed out that Russia’s relationship with the West today has ruptured to a degree comparable to the split caused by the Bolshevik Revolution
Russia looked as though it might join a more open and peaceful world order
and for the foreseeable future the West must deal with a Russia that is hostile
That is an unpalatable conclusion for those in the West who prefer a different world order or a decisive pivot to Asia
Part of statecraft is about seizing opportunities
Ukraine’s surprising battlefield effectiveness and resilience had opened up a window in which one could imagine the liberation of much
Had Ukraine managed to sever the land corridor between Russia and Crimea
Russian forces would have struggled to maintain their hold not only on the parts of Ukraine that they had conquered since the invasion but also on Crimea itself
now that Russia has had time to dig in and mobilize hundreds of thousands of additional troops
The war raises the likelihood that Ukraine will
Some European politicians such as Petr Pavel
advocate for Ukraine’s integration into the West
Ukraine can be armed and supported so strongly in the interim as to deter further Russian aggression
But it will require an overwhelming sense of urgency
and willingness to act on the right scale to make that happen
And creating a sense of urgency in turn will require a change in the style of U.S
statecraft vis à vis ambivalent allies such as Turkey or Switzerland
the United States has been remarkably benign; indeed
it does not like to understand itself as a hegemon at all
when a great deal of prosperity and freedom depend on Ukrainian victory and—equally important—Russian defeat
it is time for the United States to get far more transactional
In particular, Washington should become unbendingly tough with Russia-tilting European states, such as Hungary
It is often forgotten that Spain and Vichy France avoided joining Germany during World War II in part because the United Kingdom and the United States threatened to cut off their food shipments
such as trade and investment relationships
There are times to treat the antics of corrupt
or supine leaders of small but strategically placed countries with bemused detachment
beginning with a presidential speech to explain the stakes for the United States in Ukraine
A statecraft in which leaders understand the world
at scale and with full commitment is what the United States and its allies need now
and secure can be rebuilt from the carnage
Russia can still pull some measure of success from a criminal war in which it has every chance of suffering a well-deserved and thorough defeat
Subscribe to Foreign Affairs to get unlimited access
Already a subscriber? Sign In
Dara Massicot
Timothy Snyder
Thomas Rid
Liana Fix and Heidi Crebo-Rediker
Peter Schroeder
Julian G. Waller
Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay
Tong Zhao
Zongyuan Zoe Liu
Anne Neuberger
Liana Fix and Michael Kimmage
* Note that when you provide your email address, the Foreign Affairs Privacy Policy and Terms of Use will apply to your newsletter subscription
Published by The Council on Foreign Relations
Privacy Policy Terms of Use
From the publishers of Foreign Affairs
This website uses cookies to improve your experience
You can opt-out of certain cookies using the cookie management page
* Note that when you provide your email address, the Foreign Affairs Privacy Policy and Terms of Use will apply to your newsletter subscription
You don't have permission to access the page you requested
What is this page?The website you are visiting is protected.For security reasons this page cannot be displayed
Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information
Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information
is expected to be approved by the budget committee in the lower house of the German parliament on Wednesday
according to people familiar with the matter and defense ministry documents obtained by Bloomberg
We are a global communion of churches in the Lutheran tradition
country programs and partner organizations to promote justice
reconciliation and dignity for individuals and communities
LWF membership represents over 78 million Christians in the Lutheran tradition in 99 countries across the globe
as well as ten recognized churches and congregations
We strive to put our faith into action within and beyond the communion
and seek God’s Word and Spirit to guide us
Your partnership truly makes a difference.Together
a better world is possible.With Passion for the Church and for the World
Elected deacons and officers at Augustdorf in the British zone
(LWI) - Support and advocacy for refugees has been a central vocation of The Lutheran World Federation (LWF) since its founding nearly 70 years ago
Millions of Europeans were displaced during and after the Second World War
Some estimates put the number of refugees from Europe at nearly 60 million
Around 10 million of these were Lutheran Christians
Lutherans around the world mobilized to provide assistance
This was the context in which LWF was founded in 1947
in 1947 called attention to the situation of refugees and encouraged the churches to respond to this need in any way possible
support to refugees is one of the foundational principles of the LWF
This has entailed meeting the basic needs of displaced people
advocating for their rights and supporting the churches in their ministry to people living in exile
One such church was the Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in Exile
More than 200,000 Latvians fled their home country as the war was ending
The 125,000 members of the church who moved to Germany’s western region and to Austria were supported by 110 pastors
The LWF assisted the church and others in similar situations by helping pastors secure travel permits
supplying Holy Communion sets and paper to print hymnbooks
A number of letters and documents in the LWF archives give insight into the situation of refugees and church life in the years after the war and affirm the reasons why intervention by the LWF was important
was moved by a response to a request from a pastor of the Latvian church
One reads that support would be provided for printing Bibles and hymnbooks
"Pastor “X” has asked for clerical gowns for about 20 pastors
We acknowledge that decent gowns are desirable
but we must consider that millions of people who ask for Church Inter Aid
So we felt that we should postpone this demand."
The priorities were clear: The naked need to be clothed (Mt 25)
As a token of gratitude for LWF efforts to resettle Latvian refugees
ordained LWF leaders were later presented with crosses
A cross originally presented to Dr Carl Lund-Quist
Lutheran pastor Ron Swenson who handed it over to General Secretary Rev
Dr Martin Junge explained that he had received it from Lund-Quist's sister in the 1980s
Junge accepted the cross on behalf of the LWF
"To receive the “Latvian cross” was an amazing encouragement
We were reminded that serving those in need is one of the foundational vocations of the LWF
The “Latvian cross” encourages us to sustain this vocation in today’s world with its unprecedented movement of refugees worldwide
it reminds us that then and now people continue seeking protection while fleeing war and violence
And that churches have a lot to contribute in this regard
"The LWF as communion of churches continues standing firmly behind the principle that there is a duty to protect refugees
religious affiliation and any other consideration
while protecting and resettling Syrians and all other people fleeing from violence.”
Services were held regularly in the camp parishes
often in churches like this in Camp Valka at Nurnberg
The Latvian children of Valka Camp at Nurnberg attended their children's service each Sunday
Over 100 pastors of the Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in Exile met at the Lutheran Study Center at Berchtesgaden in October 1948
The huge Latvian congregation in exile at Esslingen followed the procession of confirmands led by Archbishop Teodors Grunbergs
Hymn singing was a vital part of the liturgy in the churches
The ladies' double quartet of the Augustdorf camp congregation participated in the worship services
Congregations in exile regularly elected deacons and officers
such as this group of leaders at Augustdorf in the British zone
A Latvian Cross presented to Dr Carl Lund-Quist
as a token of gratitude for LWF efforts to resettle Latvian refugees
recently returned to the LWF Communion Office
served as a reminder to our duty to protect refugees
regardless of nationality or religious affiliation
Chemin du Pavillon 2,1218 Le Grand Saconnex
[email protected]+41 (0)22 791 60 00
whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine
June 2 (UPI) -- German police said a student driver narrowly escaped being flattened by a British tank
Essential digital access to quality FT journalism on any device
Complete digital access to quality FT journalism with expert analysis from industry leaders
Complete digital access to quality analysis and expert insights
complemented with our award-winning Weekend Print edition
Terms & Conditions apply
Discover all the plans currently available in your country
See why over a million readers pay to read the Financial Times
The Bundeswehr is forming Panzerbrigade 42
composed of Panzerbataillon 203 equipped with the Leopard 2 tank (pictured) and Panzergrenadierbataillon 122 with the Puma IFV
The Bundeswehr is forming a panzer (armoured) brigade to be permanently stationed in Lithuania
the German Federal Ministry of Defence announced in a press release on 6 November
The decision was made by Federal Minister of Defence Boris Pistorius on the recommendation of Bundeswehr Generalinspekteur (chief of defence) General Carsten Breuer
the new formation will be composed of Panzerbataillon (Armoured Battalion) 203 from Augustdorf in northern Germany and Panzergrenadierbataillon (Armoured Infantry Battalion) 122 from Oberviechtach close to the Czech-German border
The brigade's third battalion will be the rotating German-led NATO enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) multinational battlegroup in Lithuania
The two battalions based in Germany will be moved to Lithuania when the necessary infrastructure is ready
their bases in Germany will receive new units
Panzerartilleriebataillon (Armoured Artillery Battalion) 215 will be re-established at Augustdorf
and Artilleriebataillon 131 will be moved 40 km from Weiden southeastward to Oberviechtach
The Bundeswehr is also considering forming a light support company in Oberviechtach
newly established Panzerartilleriebataillon 375 will continue to be built up in Weiden
Initial command elements of Panzerbrigade 42 are scheduled to be deployed to Lithuania during the second quarter of 2024
followed by a staff to establish the brigade starting in the fourth quarter of 2024
Panzerbataillon 203 is equipped with Leopard 2A6 main battle tanks
14 of which have been donated to Ukraine and will be replaced by Leopard 2A8s
Panzergrenadierbataillon 122 is one of the Bundeswehr's few battalions equipped with the Puma infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)
Gain unlimited access to Janes news and more..
Delivering trusted intelligence to warfighters to protect national interests
Providing mission users with faster access to quality data to pre-empt threats and protect national security
Assured interconnected OSINT to deliver informed
Solutions
Insights
About
Contact
Request a demo
Customer Login
Store
Receive the latest developments in defence and security as well as keep informed on Janes news and events
Janes Intelligence SummaryA fortnightly update featuring the latest analysis
MAX BERGMANN is Director of the Stuart Center and the Europe
and Eurasia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies
he served in a number of positions at the U.S
including as a member of the Policy Planning Staff
SOPHIA BESCH is a Europe Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Max Bergmann and Sophia Besch
When Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022
it seemed like a transformational moment for European security
Surely now Europe would finally get its act together on defense
such a transformation has not materialized
The fault for the ongoing stasis lies with many parties—European states
the European Union and even the United States—all of whom have defaulted to the comfortable practices of the past in the hope of preserving an untenable status quo
This is not to say that Europe has not been altered by the war. European publics and their leaders have rallied in support of Ukraine and maintained their support despite skyrocketing energy prices and high inflation. European countries have provided massive quantities of arms to Ukraine although not as much as the United States. Finland and Sweden have applied to join NATO
The EU has provided billions in lethal equipment to Ukraine and is training Ukrainian forces
And the sense of shock and urgency felt by European leaders in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine is reflected clearly in defense spending hikes
Now most European countries in NATO come close to the organization’s goal that all members spend at least two percent of GDP on defense
with some countries such as Poland and the Baltic states spending far more
and these changes seem less than transformative
Although the current spending bonanza might suggest a transformation
it may amount to little if underlying issues plaguing European defense remain unaddressed
The momentum in favor of reform and change that had built up over the last decade appears to have vanished
Although proposals exist for addressing these problems
none offer the kind of sweeping initiative that would be necessary to fix them
But the present situation is unsustainable. Joe Biden may be the last truly transatlanticist U.S
as a generational change will eventually come to American politics
While American national security leaders brought up in the twentieth century were consumed with European security—from the Cold War to NATO expansion and the Balkan wars—a younger generation focused instead on the Middle East
If Europeans do not reform their fragmented defense forces and procurement systems now
they will soon be back where they started before the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The opportunity to transform European defense is slipping away
And it is not just Germany: Spain also has more than 300 Leopard tanks
but one-third of them are no longer active and are largely in disrepair
Europeans lack sufficient quantities of artillery and are therefore heavily depleting their forces to support Ukraine
has sent more than one-third of its howitzers to Ukraine
while Denmark has sent practically all of its artillery
committed themselves earlier this year to sending Leopard tanks to Ukraine
it is unclear how long it will take to make them combat-ready
the alliance refocused on the Russia threat and the demands of conventional warfare
NATO agreed on the goal of creating a ready force of 300,000
NATO sets targets that it hopes its member states will meet on their own—and no one explained how the organization would collectively meet such an ambitious goal
And even those European leaders who are determined to support Ukraine and ramp up their own capabilities to deter Russia do not have the kind of arsenals
and procurement procedures that the task at hand requires
The root cause is low European defense spending
But a broader issue is that Europe does not have a common defense market to meet the needs of European security
What it has is more than 25 different Pentagons
This scattered landscape makes meaningful cooperation on procurement a huge political and bureaucratic undertaking
European defense spending is thus heavily fragmented and often directed at supporting national military industrial complexes
U.S. opposition has had a significant chilling effect on attempts to improve coordination. It just takes a few skittish EU member states, worried about the reaction from their security guarantor, to pump the brakes on collective EU efforts. Partly because of such obstruction, European defense cooperation has declined over the past decade
cooperative spending on military equipment—that is
member states pooling their money to jointly procure weapons—represented just 18 percent of total defense equipment procurement by the countries involved
This is far short of the EU’s target of 35 percent for collaborative procurement
the defense sector stands in stark contrast to other European economic sectors
which have been heavily integrated through the creation of the European single market
troops for the airlift of European evacuees
the perilous state of European armed forces is the fault of European governments
But NATO’s role in bringing about this state of affairs also deserves scrutiny
European defense is not in disarray because the EU has “duplicated” NATO efforts
With the EU neutered as a defense actor for the past two decades
European defense has been the domain of NATO and its member states
pulling together units from different countries’ militaries and forming a cohesive organization that can fight effectively
But it has proven incapable of integrating over 25 different European defense ministries and armament divisions
And NATO’s penchant for championing its own strength and unity tends to mask the decrepit state of European forces
the solution to these capability gaps has been to make European defense fundamentally an American responsibility while demanding more spending from Europeans
But European countries tend not to prioritize investments in systems that would mitigate their dependence on Washington
Germany’s Zeitenwende didn’t result in announcements of new air tankers
That remains a task left to the United States
European governments prioritize purchases from domestic firms or third-country suppliers such as the United States to strengthen defense ties with Washington
NATO’s fundamental job is to get the various militaries in the alliance organized to fight together
or get ministries of defense to collaborate more
and supplement European defense spending—just as it has in other European economic sectors
The EU should steer and incentivize European armament efforts to make sure that countries procure interoperable systems and don’t snub European defense firms in favor of third-country suppliers across the board
Having sent huge quantities of equipment to Ukraine
EU members that have embarked on defense spending sprees are now understandably looking for quick solutions
believing that they cannot afford to wait for European producers to finalize designs for new systems and ramp up production
European countries are looking to restock their arsenals quickly and replace equipment sent to Ukraine with systems they can buy readily from manufacturers in countries outside Europe
chose to order tanks from the United States and South Korea last year instead of waiting for the Main Ground Combat System
a project that France and Germany started in 2012 that aims to replace the main European battle tanks that are currently in service
The problem is that when a country procures a major weapons system
it is entering into a commitment to buy and maintain that tank or aircraft for decades
setting back the next opportunity to change suppliers and cementing European fragmentation
Europe thus needs a plan to both increase defense integration and kick-start its own defense industrial base
The European Commission wants to spend $530 million over the next two years to incentivize countries to buy the same kit
the EU will offset some of the costs of cooperation
This is a follow-up to the EU’s recently created European Defense Fund
which incentivizes member states to work together on defense research and development
leaving the European Commission with few funds to draw from
member states could allocate more resources to defense
but as of now there is little momentum for a massive influx of funds
The EU borrowed $800 billion in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but has not done the same in response to the war
Instead of pushing the EU to increase the budget and to encourage member states to cooperate
the United States has been lobbying behind the scenes to ensure that American companies can access the funding
instead of the war serving as a transformative moment
European countries are doubling down on their reliance on the United States and failing to coordinate
The EU is coming up with smart ideas but is not coming through with the funding
The United States is basking in the glow of demonstrating its indispensability while subtly undercutting common European efforts that might mean less profit for American defense companies
And NATO is busy creating the illusion of strength by setting unachievable targets
when almost none of Europe’s tanks seem to work
arguing that the EU needed to take joint action as it did during the pandemic
This could be a significant step because if the EU can jointly procure ammunition
there is no reason why it can’t take similar steps to jointly acquire artillery or to step up Leopard tank production
not enough orders have been made for new Leopards to increase production
the CEO of the Munich-based tank manufacturer KMW
“No one has thus far given us the signal,” he said in Munich last month
the EU and its member states will have to allocate the funds
This is where Washington’s encouragement is critical
Although the Biden administration deserves considerable praise for its engagement with Europe and its leadership in response to Russia’s war in Ukraine
the United States has not pushed for any major structural reforms to European defense
the Biden administration has mainly pursued initiatives that have enlarged the United States’ role on the continent
Washington has increased the number of U.S
and expanding the American naval presence in Spain
These steps were all sensible and gratefully received by Europeans
But the sustainability of increased deployments to Europe is unclear
especially as the Pentagon is increasingly focused on China
The Biden administration now looks increasingly bereft of ideas for how to make Europe less dependent on the United States
The United States is torn between the contradictory goals of preserving its indispensability in Europe and reducing Europe’s dependence on the United States
the Biden administration has defaulted to the traditional U.S
demand that European countries spend more on defense (but to buy American and not through the EU)
Now that European countries will finally spend the equivalent of two percent of GDP on defense
there is talk of the United States pushing for a new NATO spending goal of possibly three percent
it will have a marginal impact on European defense
impractical target will serve only as a source of tension and frustration within the alliance
One way to get out of this rut would be for the United States to reverse its opposition to EU defense integration initiatives and outwardly encourage more funding for such efforts
The United States should stop lobbying for access to EU defense funds and instead use its influence with European member states
particularly in northern and eastern Europe
to push these countries to support more funding for EU procurement programs
embassies across Europe used their influence to press for those efforts instead of U.S
It has become clear that American arms sales to Europe have come at a cost to the transatlantic alliance
Every weapons sale to Europe weakens the European defense industrial base by depriving a European company of its core market
That is what happens whenever a European country buys a Patriot air defense system from the U.S
company Raytheon instead of a SAMP/T system from Raytheon’s French-Italian-United Kingdom competitor MBDA; a Lockheed Martin F-16 instead of a Saab Gripen from Sweden; or an Abrams tank instead of a British Challenger
American diplomats will inevitably advocate weapons purchases from U.S
just as European diplomats champion their own countries’ military contractors
But when the United States speaks on defense in Europe
The diplomatic benefit to the United States of these sales is also minimal as Washington is already in a military alliance with European countries
State Department should therefore consider the impact of American arms sales on the defense industrial base of the NATO alliance when it weighs whether to advocate such purchases
More broadly, instead of merely pushing European countries to spend more on defense, the United States needs to use its leverage to encourage European military cooperation
It could instead encourage a coordinated defense planning effort between NATO and the EU that encourages the European production and procurement of certain critical capabilities deemed essential by both organizations
the continent will never outgrow its overreliance on Washington
Stephen M. Walt
Nathalie Tocci
Sophia Besch and Richard Youngs
Janina Dill, Marnie Howlett, and Carl Müller-Crepon
Emma Ashford
Michael McFaul
which also includes spare parts and services
was approved by the budget committee in the lower house of parliament Wednesday
2023 at 9:06 AM ESTUpdated on February 24
2023 at 12:24 PM ESTBookmarkSaveLock This article is for subscribers only.Sweden will send a batch of main battle tanks to Ukraine in a move set to help European countries fulfill their pledges and shore up the country’s ability to fight back against Russian attacks
The Swedish government’s decision to send about 10 tanks based on Germany’s Leopard 2 marks a major push by Ukraine’s allies to help its army handle an expected intensification of fighting in coming weeks
A tank crew member fires a tank mounted machine gun as German Defense minister Boris Pistorius visits Leopard II tanks that are due to be supplied to Ukraine at the tank brigade Lipperland of Germany's army and part of the Bundeswehr
Germany: Germany's defence minister on Wednesday showed off the tanks Berlin is preparing to send to Kyiv
but recognised a "bitter loss" for the under-equipped Bundeswehr
The arms delivery announced last week by Germany was necessary so the "Ukrainians win the war"
Defence Minister Boris Pistorius said on a visit to army barracks in northwestern Augustdorf
But for the roughly 550 soldiers in the battalion stationed in the town
the loss of 14 of their Leopard 2 tanks would be felt keenly
"Their hearts bleed at the idea that these tanks have to be given up
Ukraine needs all the support we can give it," he said
Pistorius said he had "two hearts" in his chest
taking account of the needs of both the German and Ukrainian armies
which long stalled over the decision to send tanks to Ukraine
early April" as part of a alliance of countries willing to supply "between 120 and 140" units
Before they can be employed on the battlefield
Ukrainian soldiers must first learn how to use and maintain some of the most modern tanks in the world
Their intensive training will begin in the next few days in Germany
"It will not be the full training that we have for our soldiers but that's the only way," the minister said
Pistorius himself went out in one of the Leopard 2 tanks which criss-crossed the muddy training field
The Ukrainian soldiers' instruction will take place in at the Bundeswehr's training centre in Munster
where their colleagues are already learning to use the Marder infantry fighting vehicle
The course will take around six weeks to complete
according to a source close to the German army
the training period for the four-person team in the Leopard 2 is much longer
three months for the one who fires the shells and the one who loads them
and three years for the commander," Martin Waltemathe
"Driving is pretty simple," according to Waltemathe
Steering the tank is "intuitive like an iPhone"
The vehicle maintenance and repairs can however be more "problematic"
Six years are usually needed to become well-versed in its upkeep
The defence ministry has promised to replace the Ukraine-bound Leopards as quickly as possible
the most modern version in use since the 1970s
Reequipping the Bundeswehr is a top priority for the defence minister
Chancellor Olaf Scholz in September vowed to transform the country's military into the "best equipped" in Europe
But years of underinvestment have left a huge hill to climb for the Bundeswehr
unscathed after a Challenger 2 battle tank drove over the bonnet of her Toyota hatchback in Augustdorf
It was always going to be a rather unequal collision: a Toyota hatchback on one side
and one of the British Army’s main battle tanks on the other
In the end though, the novice driver of a car who police said had inadvertently turned into the path of a convoy of tanks in north-west Germany escaped unscathed
was left rather the worse for wear after the convoy’s lead tank was unable to stop in time and ploughed over the Toyota’s bonnet
had apparently not seen the convoy when she made a left turn in front of it as the tanks travelled through the small town of Augustdorf
were en route to training exercises on Monday morning
Police estimate the collision caused €12,000 (£8,700) of damage to the woman’s car
An British army spokesperson said: “We can confirm that there was a road traffic incident involving a Challenger 2 tank and a car driven by a German national. The Royal Military police are working alongside the German civil police to investigate the incident.”
another British military vehicle from the Paderborn garrison ploughed through the fence of an elderly couple
The military said that a mechanical fault had led to the armoured Warrior vehicle veering off the road
A British military spokesperson was quoted in The Local website denying that tank drivers needed to have their training re-assessed
“Our tank crews go through a very rigorous training process,” he said
reportedly adding that three members of personnel inside monitor the road “which is why they were able to stop soon enough”
Please view the main text area of the page by skipping the main menu.
The page may not be displayed properly if the JavaScript is deactivated on your browser
The announcement was made on Saturday by prime minister Antonio Costa
he declined to specify the time of delivery and the number of vehicles to be shipped
"I know how many tanks will be [sent to Ukraine] but that will be announced at the appropriate time," Costa told Portugal’s Lusa news agency
The prime minister added his government was in talks with Germany to obtain spare parts needed to mend a number of inoperable Leopard tanks in Portugal's inventory
"We are currently working on how to dispense some of our tanks," Costa said
said last month his country had 37 Leopard 2 tanks
most of them were supposed to be inoperable
Ukraine's foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba said earlier this week the country would receive 120 to 140 Western tanks in a "first wave" of deliveries from a coalition of 12 countries
Kiev secured pledges from the West to supply main battle tanks to help fend off Russia's full-scale invasion
with Moscow mounting huge efforts to launch a big new offensive in eastern Ukraine
Poland has made major diplomatic efforts to encourage fellow NATO allies to join a coalition of tank donors for Ukraine
Warsaw has decided to hand over 14 German-made Leopard 2 tanks alongside some 60 post-Soviet T-72’s
calling on countries around the world to follow suit
Russia has requested a meeting of the United Nations Security Council to discuss what "prospects for peace" there are in Ukraine
given a build-up of western weapons there.
which Russian news agency TASS said was first announced via messaging app Telegram on Tuesday
only came to widespread public attention on Friday morning when oligarch Mikhael Khodorkovsy tweeted about it
Malta’s permanent representative to the UN Vanessa Frazier confirmed to Times of Malta that the meeting has been scheduled for February 8.
She said the exact brief is not yet known “as this is usually communicated closer to the meeting”
noted that it wanted to discuss peace prospects "in light of the build-up of arms by Western countries in Ukraine.”
Malta is currently serving a two-year term as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council and is chairing the security council throughout February.
TASS reported that Russia's First Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN
had announced the meeting via his Telegram channel
“We have requested a meeting to be held on February 8 to discuss prospects for resolving the Ukrainian crisis peacefully amid growing Western-made weapons supplies”
Polyansky also noted a number of other Ukraine-related UN Security Council meetings slated to take place in February.
The meeting will be held on February 8 from 10am to 1pm and take place under the UNSC’s Threats to International Peace and Security (TIPS) agenda item
Kyiv has secured promises from the West for deliveries of modern battle tanks to fight Russian forces and is now asking for long-range missiles and fighter jets
A German government spokesman said on Friday that Berlin has authorised Leopard 1 tanks to be sent to Ukraine
making good on the announcement last month to send the weapons that came after months of deliberations
We are again being threatened by German Leopard tanks” said Russian President Vladimir Putin
speaking in the southern city of Volgograd for commemorations to mark the 80th anniversary of the Soviet victory at the Battle of Stalingrad
Putin has compared Russia's so-called "special military operation" in Ukraine to the war against Nazi Germany in 1941-1945
claiming Russian troops are ready to go "until the end."
The Russian president has used World War II to promote his political agenda in recent years while the Kremlin has sought to give cult status to Moscow's victory in what Russians call the Great Patriotic War
Despite a steady flow of arms and ammunition
Russian forces are pressing Ukrainian troops in the eastern Donetsk region
Moscow has been trying to seize control of Bakhmut in the industrial region for months in what has become the longest and bloodiest battle of the invasion
Since sending troops to pro-Western Ukraine last February
Putin has repeatedly threatened to use nuclear weapons against the West if the conflict escalates
"Again and again we are forced to repel the aggression of the collective West," Putin said in the city on the Volga River formerly known as Stalingrad
"We aren't sending tanks to their borders but we have something to respond with
and it won't be just about using armoured vehicles
Everyone should understand this," he added
"A modern war with Russia will be completely different," he said
please register for free or log in to your account
Glück im Unglück hatte am Montagmorgen eine 18-jährige Frau aus Detmold
Sie übersah gleich eine ganze Panzerkolonne - mit Folgen
Der Fahrzeugführer des ersten Panzers
erfasste mit dem "Challenger 2" den Toyota und überrollte die Fahrzeugfront des PKW
Die 18-Jährige konnte ihr völlig zerstörtes Fahrzeug unverletzt verlassen
Der Gesamtschaden beträgt zirka 12.000 Euro
One hundred and eighty-five military personnel and 60 Ministry of Defence civilians will continue to live in Paderborn with their family members
The figure came after the Paderborn local government announced that 200 British Army soldiers would be staying
British troops will also continue to use Sennelager Training Area
The 45 square mile facility allows for large-scale manoeuvres to be rehearsed and there is also an urban warfare training centre
Welsh Guards used the site's combined arms tactical trainer to prepare to deploy to Afghanistan
Paderborn's local government said efforts to convert the Sennelager Training Area into a national park “would be put on hold”
There are currently around 4,000 British military personnel living and working in Germany
A press release from the local government explained that 600 to 700 Britons will continue to live in Sennelager and operate at Normandy and Athlone Barracks - a number that would account for the families of around 200 personnel
The press release says:
"About 600 to 700 Britons will continue to live in Sennelager."
Paderborn's District Administrator Manfred Müller and Mayor Michael Dreier said they had been informed by Commander of the British Armed Forces in Germany
Mayor Michael Dreier said: "This is very good news for Paderborn
especially for Schloss Neuhaus and Sennelager
this decision is also a good day for the Bundeswehr site in Augustdorf."
An Army spokesperson said: "The British Army is committed to supporting critical NATO assets in Germany
including a combined river crossing capability and facilities to allow for joint training
"There is a requirement to enhance support to NATO and to strengthen ties with our European allies
"We are committing to a combined river crossing capability with the German Army (Bundeswehr)
known as the M3 wide-wet gap crossing capability
and associated shared facilities in Minden
"We will also use the Training Area at Sennelager and supporting infrastructure in Germany to enable live fire training by UK and NATO forces."
Please select at least one newsletter to subscribe to: