Professor Itziar Lazkano led our forty-year-old exchange with Giessen University this summer We look forward to the Giessen students she taught joining us this fall Later in the summer we were delighted to welcome back Jenny Bethhaeuser (MA 2018) who had just submitted her dissertation in Giessen and taught for us here at UWM Copyright © University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and University of Wisconsin Board of Regents. image: Skyrmions of light: The researchers are able to manipulate light fields to create entirely new shapes Credit: University of Stuttgart / 4th Physics Institute “Our results add another chapter to the emerging field of skyrmion research,” proclaims Prof. Harald Giessen, head of the Fourth Physics Institute at the University of Stuttgart The team demonstrated the existence of “skyrmion bags” of light on the surface of a metal layer A better understanding of physical phenomena Skyrmions are a mathematical description of vortex-like structures that help researchers better understand fundamental physical relationships this theoretical concept has been confirmed experimentally across a wide range of areas including magnetic solids and material surfaces Giessen’s group has now investigated whether light impinging on the structured surface of a thin gold layer can be made to behave like skyrmion bags that follow specific symmetries These bags consist of skyrmions contained within a larger skyrmion the researchers etched fine grooves in the shape of two twisted hexagons into the gold surface with each hexagon generating a skyrmion light field “We then observed a superposition of two skyrmion light fields from which the skyrmion bags formed,” explains Julian Schwab lead author of the publication and doctoral student in Giessen’s research group the researchers were able to vary the number of skyrmions gathered within the skyrmion bags by adjusting the degree to which the light fields were twisted relative to one another the researchers can manipulate light fields in a targeted manner thereby giving them shapes that usually do not occur Giessen’s team collaborated with a research group at the University of Duisburg-Essen and for the theoretical description of the phenomenon Fundamental research with application potential these light-field skyrmions exhibit extraordinary properties thereby sparking researchers’ imagination in terms of potential technical applications Whether the gold surface used by Giessen’s team is suitable for this purpose remains to be seen “If someone finds a suitable material our concept could be applied in microscopy,” states Giessen We could achieve resolutions with specialized microscopes that would otherwise be impossible because of the limits set by the wavelength of the light The 4th Physics Institute focuses on research in ultrafast nano-optics the interactions between light and structures on a sub-micrometer scale are studied the fundamentals and applications of ultrashort laser pulses are being investigated On the website of the University of Stuttgart, you will find more news about the research at the 4th Physics Institute Davis & Harald Giessen: Skyrmion bags of light in plasmonic moiré superlattices 10.1038/s41567-025-02873-1 Skyrmion bags of light in plasmonic moiré superlattices are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system Copyright © 2025 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2025 TMC Full Coverage | Photo Gallery Subscribe  Gift a Subscription Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Pure Spannung bei den Heimspielen der Eisbären Bremerhaven Das Profibasketballteam bezwingt seine Gegner der Pro A in der Stadthalle Bremerhaven Der Einlass zu den Heimspielen der Eisbären Bremerhaven beginnt eine Stunde vor dem Spiel www.dieeisbaeren.de You may find further information about the calendar of events there documents and other media on this page may generally not be reused (All rights reserved).Individual pictures documents and other media on this page may be published under other licenses.Please note the corresponding markings in individual cases Insect biotechnology in Giessen is getting a boost: the Fraunhofer IME has announced that the start-up Endosolutions is to set up at the research centre and breed insects on a large scale With the LOEWE Centre for Insect Biotechnology and Bioresources the city of Giessen has developed into a world-leading location for insect biotechnology Scientists from the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME and Justus Liebig University are jointly researching biotechnological methods to develop new products from insects insect-based technologies for the circular bioeconomy Now the breeding of insects is also to be established on a large scale in Giessen the Bavarian start-up Endosolutions will be based near the Fraunhofer Institute in order to promote the industrial breeding and utilisation of insects which are to be further processed after breeding for a wide range of applications such as food and animal feed ‘This industrial establishment is intended to develop innovative solutions for the sustainable and energy-efficient use of insects in the circular bioeconomy It is of strategic importance for the region as it represents an important step towards the establishment of a ‘Silicon Valley’ for insect technologies in Central Hessen,’ said Andreas Vilcinskas Head of the Bioresources Division at Fraunhofer IME at an event to mark the establishment of Endosolutions.  A new technical centre with around 10,000 square metres is soon to be built on a site behind the Fraunhofer Institute where Endosolutions and IME researchers will work together As reported by the German news programme Tagesschau there are also plans to build a so-called Endo-Hub in which up to 10,000 tonnes of insect larvae can be bred per year The concept also aims to get farmers from the region interested in breeding insects Insects are not only rich in protein and therefore suitable for food and animal feed. They are also an important resource for the bioeconomy the second most common polysaccharide on earth after cellulose Medical products are made from this biopolymer it also serves as a raw material for the technical production of chitosan which in turn is used to manufacture fibres The ground-breaking ceremony for the new building is scheduled for 2026 Giessen is the first location where the hub concept will be implemented Looking like a cross between a pedaled dump truck and a modern day motor carriage the new Intelectra from German startup Dynamic Drives Giessen is a seriously muscular cargo mover for cities Its pickup truck-like bed swallows up to half a dozen Eurocrates and carries just under 1,000 lb (454 kg) of payload allowing businesses to move serious hauls within a much smaller cleaner footprint than a traditional delivery truck The Intelectra was one of the true eye-wideners at last month's Eurobike show trike or quadracycle than the other electric cargo-haulers that occupied the show floor owing to a slightly forward-tilted 4-foot-long (1,215-mm) rear cargo box sitting inside a beefy aluminum frame Those square aluminum tubes are stoutly supported at the corners by surprisingly tall The only part of the Intelectra that extends well past the 64-in (1,625-mm) wheelbase is the pedal drive allowing the rider to sit upright in the full seat grab hold of the side-mounted handlebars and muscle forward An adjustable rear suspension can be tuned to the load to dial in a smooth and is designed to transport both passengers and cargo it's not solely leg power that drives the 270-lb (122-kg) Intelectra truck-cycle forward leg power doesn't drive it directly at all the rider's pedaling power gets converted into up to 250 Watts of electrical power by a generator between the cranks This nominally charges the 1,400-Wh+ battery that directs power to the pair of 125-W rear hub motors The rider's pedaling strength and cadence control the motor output via an intelligent multi-controller system so that pedaling harder still makes the quad move faster Dynamic Drives' powertrain configuration eliminates the need for chains belts and other mechanical drivetrain components helping to cut down on system wear and tear and maintenance requirements The company estimates that the drive system can go for 30,000 km (18,640 miles) without maintenance the Intelectra can travel up to 58 miles (93 km) per charge depending on powertrain configuration and load Its battery charges in roughly an hour and a half Regenerative braking helps to maximize range during travel The standard Intelectra does not include a throttle for non-pedaled acceleration and thus classifies as a pedelec bike with a top speed of 15.5 mph (25 km/h) Dynamic Drives says that it can equip the rig with a throttle for customers who request one but that pushes it into the electric scooter category license plates and a driver's license to operate legally While Dynamic Drives sells the Intelectra as a complete quad-cycle the company also appears to be using it as an advertising vessel for the modular pedal-by-wire electric drive which it calls the Intelectric Serial Hybrid System (SHS) the Intelectric drive is an ultra-versatile group of components designed not only for quads but also electric bikes and trikes Bike builders can enjoy freedom in placing one or more motors and battery packs around their individual frame designs and Dynamic Drives says that it can customize the specs of the system to each large-volume buyer's requirements Dynamic Drives plans to begin deliveries this fall (Northern Hemisphere) It is currently accepting inquiries from both private consumers and businesses for the Intelectra bikes which start at €9,250 (about US$10,171) before selecting one or two batteries and options Available add-ons include a passenger bench for one to two people and a covered canopy that makes the Intelectra look very much like a covered wagon for the 21st century badder XL and has shown photos of a smaller medium version out testing Source: Dynamic Drives Giessen 29 Mar 2025 13:00:00 GMT?.css-1txiau5-AnswerContainer{color:var(--GlobalColorScheme-Text-secondaryText2);}FC Giessen won 2–1 over FC 08 Villingen on Sat Predicted lineups are available for the match a few days in advance while the actual lineup will be available about an hour ahead of the match The current head to head record for the teams are FC Giessen 0 win(s) Haven't kept a clean sheet in 7 matches Have scored 7 goals in their last 5 matches Haven't kept a clean sheet in 19 matches Who won between FC Giessen and FC 08 Villingen on Sat 29 Mar 2025 13:00:00 GMT?FC Giessen won 2–1 over FC 08 Villingen on Sat 29 Mar 2025 13:00:00 GMT.InsightsHave scored 5 goals in their last 5 matches FC Giessen is playing home against FC 08 Villingen on Sat Police officers surrounded a group of people before the start of the Eritrea Festival in Giessen German police say several officers were injured and dozens of people were detained Saturday during unrest at an Eritrean cultural event in the western city of Giessen Authorities had tried to ban the festival after similar unrest occurred there last year BERLIN (AP) — German police said at least 22 officers were injured and dozens of people were detained Saturday during unrest at an Eritrean cultural event in the western city of Giessen Police said bottles were thrown and smoke bombs were ignited as groups of Eritreans opposed to the African nation’s autocratic ruler tried to force their way to the venue a water cannon and helicopters are deployed in the city which is about 50 kilometers (30 miles) north of Frankfurt Police spokesman Christopher Pfaff urged the public to avoid the center of Giessen while the operation is ongoing Tens of thousands of people have fled Eritrea for Europe many alleging they were mistreated by Afwerki’s government It has been a great three decades that our economics department and that at Giessen University have been exchanging students and faculty Professor Rebecca Neumann spent the early half of this summer teaching in Giessen Germany She tells us that a great group of incoming Giessen students are headed our way for the fall and that the summer was a great success and enjoyed by all visiting from UWM Rebecca caught up with many former participants in the exchange and enjoyed the hospitality of our German host Professor Dr The exchange in economics between UWM and Justus Liebig University in Giessen Germany has been active for more than a quarter century. As part of this wonderful exchange, a summer school is held each year in Giessen. The participants include UWM and JLU faculty and Masters level students from each University. As always, it proves a excellent chance to learn from each other about both culture and economics. The 2019 Summer Session in International and Comparative Law commonly know at the Marquette University Law School as “the Giessen Program,” has been approved and will take place July 20 through August 15   on the campus of Justus Liebig University in Giessen There are still a small number of spots available for additional Marquette law students, students at the University of Wisconsin Law School, and students from other U.S. law schools.  Information on the program is available at the Marquette University Law School website or by emailing Professor Ed Fallone at edward.fallone@marquette.edu If you are interested in applying for the 2019 program Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. 15 Mar 2025 13:00:00 GMT?.css-1txiau5-AnswerContainer{color:var(--GlobalColorScheme-Text-secondaryText2);}Eintracht Frankfurt II won 2–0 over FC Giessen on Sat Have scored 11 goals in their last 5 matches Who won between FC Giessen and Eintracht Frankfurt II on Sat 15 Mar 2025 13:00:00 GMT?Eintracht Frankfurt II won 2–0 over FC Giessen on Sat 15 Mar 2025 13:00:00 GMT.InsightsHave scored 6 goals in their last 5 matches FC Giessen is playing home against Eintracht Frankfurt II on Sat To the left you can see a photo that seems to show a plate of spaghetti noodles topped by some sort of strawberry sauce This is actually a photo of a popular type of gelato called “spaghetti eis,” that is served at the Cafe San Marcos and at numerous other locations in Giessen if you were to walk around the campus of Justus Liebig University for the next three weeks you would undoubtedly see a large group of students laughing and talking as they make their way to and from classes You might even assume that these are German law students attending a summer session These students currently enjoying the warm and sunny weather are actually over 40 law students who have gathered in Giessen from the United States and across the globe to participate in the Summer Session in International and Comparative Law co-hosted once again by the Marquette University Law School and our partners the University of Wisconsin and Justus Liebig University There are 14 students attending from the United States and a variety of other countries represented including Brazil the students have finished a week of classes and they are beginning to feel at home in Giessen The best Karaoke Bar in town has been located the students are also engaged in serious work In addition to my class on Comparative Constitutional Law (comparing the constitutional systems of Germany the students also have the option of taking courses in International Labor and Employment Law (taught by our own Professor Paul Secunda) and International Economic Law and Business Transactions Planning is already underway for the summer 2019 program in Giessen You may think that all study abroad programs for law students are the same The Summer Session in International and Comparative Law mixes an international student body with an international group of faculty for a one-of-a-kind experience in legal education Sitting in an otherwise empty Canton Brewing Co. Chef Angus O'Hara talked enthusiastically about cooking and the new Haus of Giessen restaurant.  Positioned in front of him was a plate of Bavarian roasted chicken and a variety of desserts O'Hara described each dish in detail — the European and German origins of the foods and how the flavors interact on the palate "The emphasis is on authenticity and quality," he said Chatting on a weekday afternoon when the joint brewery-restaurant was closed O'Hara discussed the recently launched Haus of Giessen who owned a brewery at the site of the Canton Brewing Co. in the late 1800s German fare and food specials also will be featured during a celebration of Oktoberfest through Saturday O'Hara said Canton Brewing, 120 Third St was shut down for several months during the pandemic Hours currently are limited — 4 to 9 p.m Friday and Saturday. O'Hara cited the inability to hire enough staff German dishes are included in an overall menu encompassing various parts of Europe provolone and tangy mustard sauce; and red sauce European-themed food is meant to complement the beer which remains the focus of Canton Brewing Joining the brewery's restaurant about three months ago O'Hara said he believes the reinvented restaurant can be a success what O'Hara described as the German version of a hot dog or frankfurter Sandwiches include a brat topped with sweet and zesty bacon kraut, and beer-boiled bratwurst finished with a tangy tomato curry sauce (both $12.88 each with fries) Pricier options include the Blackforest Hunter's Steak ($55) — a hand-cut the entree is available for a limited time and is served with pub fries splashed with rich pan gravy and garnished with steamed vegetables The "Beer Hall Meat and Cheese Platter" ($50) features smoked pork loin Cambozola and Emmental cheese served over a  large pretzel with pickles and assorted mustards O'Hara became animated while discussing beer pairings for the authentic European selections O'Hara praised the "support and vision" of Canton Brewing Co owner David Beule in exploring German and European cuisine.  highlights included the Bavarian roasted half chicken ($19) which my teen daughter scored a "10 out of 10" before declaring: "It's the best roasted chicken I've ever had." and when eaten cold or reheated as leftovers two days later The entree was served with a summer salad and soft and yummy pretzels that my daughter also loved Equally winning was my Loaded Bavarian Porker BBQ ($17 with pub fries). Two thick pieces of smoked pork chop cheese and crispy onion straws on a grilled pretzel roll Also highly recommended is the schnitzel ($12.88 with pub fries), which is hand-breaded flash-fried and served on a pretzel bun. Slices of red apple added unexpected texture and crunch All sandwiches are now served with cold German potato salad or house chips And the schnitzel sandwich is now topped with sweet and zesty sauerkraut, bacon and Düsseldorf mustard Awesome apple strudelStanding out on the dessert menu is the awesome apple strudel The accompanying house-made gelato was as creamy as any I've ever tasted I deemed it a contender for restaurant review dessert of the year Spoons nearly collided as my wife and I competed for each bite and a mouthful of whipped cream mixed with gelato was sublime Another tempting dessert is the Berliners — mini German-style doughnuts tossed in cinnamon sugar The doughnuts are complimentary with the purchase of any sandwich or entree during Downtown Canton Restaurant Week (Sept "like all of the hospitality industry (has) been severely impacted with the lack of available employees and are making every effort to keep moving forward in providing what we hope to be a superior product and experience."  one employee both waited tables and tended the bar who was friendly and knowledgeable of the menu "We recognize and sincerely apologize for the delays in service which are unavoidable due to being stretched so thinly," O'Hara said Monday in a written response when asked about the issue But we hope you understand and (hopefully) appreciate the fact that we keep our heads high and pull together as a team because we believe in our mission and our product." Reach Ed at (330)580-8315 and ebalint@gannett.com Dr Brian Milstein (Politics & Public Administration) presented a working paper titled “Policing the Democratic System: Democratic Security and the Politics of Equal Inclusion,” at the May 2024 Philosophy & Social Sciences Conference in Prague co-founded in Dubrovnik by Jürgen Habermas and Gajo Petrović is a premier meeting for researchers working in the tradition of Frankfurt School Critical Theory and featured presentations by scholars from Columbia A version of this paper was also presented to the European Consortium of Political Research whose annual conference took place in Dublin in August and at a workshop on “Human Rights in Times of Insecurity” at the Justus Liebig University of Giessen in early September co-authored with Dr Afsoun Afsahi of the University of British Columbia uses a recently developed approach known as “democratic systems” to improve our understanding of the role of policing institutions and practices in democratic society show how recent conflicts over policing in the US and elsewhere may be understood as problems of democratic legitimacy and highlight possible limitations of popular proposed solutions it also extends our understanding of how various social institutions coalesce into a “system” that conditions the terms of democratic inclusion The paper is part of a longer-term project researching democratic systems theory and analyzing the repercussions for democracy of institutions and social phenomena not typically looked at by mainstream democratic theory Email: ahss@ul.ie Tel: +353 61 202700 University of Giessen) has established an institutional agreement for open access publishing with Frontiers The Justus Liebig University Giessen supports its researchers in making their research more widely available the University of Giessen has entered an institutional agreement with Frontiers Eligible authors are corresponding authors affiliated to the Justus Liebig University Giessen Eligible authors will benefit from a streamlined invoicing process managed directly between Frontiers and the Open Access team at the University of Giessen Library the University of Giessen and its Library will benefit from a discount on articles covered by this agreement This agreement will further encourage University of Giessen authors to publish open access increasing uptake of open access for fellow researchers and the public at large to the results of mostly publicly funded research To submit your article under this institutional agreement please select ‘Justus Liebig University Giessen’ as institutional payer in the invoice section when submitting your article Frontiers will then verify your eligibility with the University of Giessen Library’s Open Access team the APC will be paid via the Library upon acceptance For information how much of the APCs is paid by the central JLU fund or if you require any further details, please visit the libraries Open Access Publishing page or contact openaccess@bibsys.uni-giessen.de For information on Frontiers’ institutional agreements please visit our institutional membership page or contact institutions@frontiersin.org to discuss the possibilities for your organisation. Metrics details Encapsulins are a class of microbial protein compartments defined by the viral HK97-fold of their capsid protein and dedicated cargo loading mechanism for sequestering specific enzymes Encapsulins are often misannotated and traditional sequence-based searches yield many false positive hits in the form of phage capsids we develop an integrated search strategy to carry out a large-scale computational analysis of prokaryotic genomes with the goal of discovering an exhaustive and curated set of all HK97-fold encapsulin-like systems We find over 6,000 encapsulin-like systems in 31 bacterial and four archaeal phyla We formulate hypotheses about their potential biological functions and biomedical relevance which range from natural product biosynthesis and stress resistance to carbon metabolism and anaerobic hydrogen production An evolutionary analysis of encapsulins and related HK97-type virus families shows that they share a common ancestor and we conclude that encapsulins likely evolved from HK97-type bacteriophages we carry out a large-scale in-depth computational analysis of prokaryotic genomes with the goal of discovering and classifying an exhaustive set of all HK97-type protein organelle systems and genome neighborhood analysis (GNA)-based search strategy and substantially expand the number of identified encapsulin-like operons We report the discovery and analysis of two novel encapsulin families (Family 3 and Family 4) as well as many new operon types that fall within Family 1 and Family 2 We formulate data-driven hypotheses about the potential biological functions of newly identified operons which will guide future experimental studies of encapsulin-like systems we conduct a detailed evolutionary analysis of encapsulin-like systems and related HK97-type virus families and show that encapsulins and HK97-type viruses share a common ancestor and that encapsulins likely evolved from HK97-type phages Our study sheds new light on the evolutionary interplay of viruses and cellular organisms the recruitment of protein folds for novel functions and the functional diversity of microbial protein organelles Encapsulin-like capsid components are shown in red Confirmed and proposed cargo proteins are shown in blue Non-cargo accessory components are shown in grey The number of identified systems of a given family is shown after the operon in red (I # identified) and the number of distinct cargo types is shown in cyan (CT Dotted lines indicate optional presence of operon components cNMP: cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (orange) Classical Encapsulins (Family 1) represent the most widespread family of encapsulin-like systems. They can be found in 31 out of 35 prokaryotic phyla found to encode encapsulin-like operons (Fig. 1) 2,383 Classical Encapsulin operons were discovered with the phyla Proteobacteria Actinobacteria and Firmicutes containing the majority of identified systems These components are not cargo proteins but are proposed to be directly involved in the biochemical function or regulation of a given system Some systems seem to possess further accessory components as part of the operon as judged by overlapping genes and transcription direction four distinct archaeal operon types have been discovered The identified bacterial A-domain Encapsulins are not arranged in an obvious operon-like structure which makes their classification and function prediction more difficult Unlike ferritin cages with higher symmetries Flp cargo proteins cannot store precipitated iron in a soluble form by themselves and rely on the encapsulin shell to achieve iron precipitate sequestration Similar to the ubiquitous ferritin iron storage cages Flp encapsulin systems might play a dual role in oxidative stress resistance and iron homeostasis Fdxs might be involved in releasing stored iron from IMEF encapsulins by transferring electrons to the interior of the capsid thus reducing and solubilizing stored iron Most organisms encoding IMEF systems do not encode any classical ferritins making it likely that IMEF encapsulins act as their primary iron storage compartments Family 1 hemerythrin systems are thus likely involved in the sequestration and detoxification of harmful compounds The presence of conserved C-terminal targeting peptides in the identified Bfrs strongly suggests that they are encapsulin cargos The biological function and underlying logic of a putative shell-within-a-shell arrangement in the context of iron storage compartments is currently unknown a SSN analysis of 3523 Family 2 encapsulins clustered at 70% sequence identity Nodes are colored based on the putative associated cargo type b Selection of operon types encoding Family 2 encapsulins Operons are grouped by their conserved putative cargo protein type c Combinations of commonly observed extended disordered regions at the termini of Family 2 encapsulins and associated cargo proteins Sequestering a CD inside a protein shell might ensure that only a specific co-regulated rhodanese able to interact with the encapsulin capsid exterior can act as the sulfur acceptor thus making sure that sulfur is channeled to a specific subset of metabolic targets The presence of these operon components suggests that Family 2A CD systems play a role in sulfur utilization and redox homeostasis PT systems often encode genes involved in terpenoid precursor biosynthesis Other genes enriched in PT operons encode terpenoid tailoring enzymes like epimerases and deaminases indicating that PT systems are capable of producing a highly diverse array of terpenoids These conserved motifs located in unannotated and disordered regions of TCs may function as targeting sequences responsible for mediating cargo encapsulation No conserved sequence motifs that may function as targeting tags could be identified the consistent presence of unannotated and disordered domains may suggest their involvement in PT cargo encapsulation b Diversity of operon types encoding Family 3 encapsulins non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs)/polyketide synthases (PKSs) and amino-group carrier proteins (AmCPs) are commonly found in Family 3 operons The diversity of peptide bond-forming as well as peptide tailoring enzymes encoded in Family 3-associated BGCs suggests that they are capable of producing a structurally diverse set of peptide natural products they may mediate encapsulin-lipid membrane interactions or even recruit a lipid layer around the Family 3 encapsulin shell The fact that all organisms encoding Family 4 encapsulins are thermophilic anaerobes and were all isolated from submarine hydrothermal vents may implicate these systems in biological functions directly related to the extreme environmental conditions of these unique habitats Nodes represent 95 A-domain Encapsulins clustered at 38% sequence identity Nodes are colored by operon type based on associated enzyme components b Overview of Family 4 operon types highlighting enzyme components (colored) and the number of identified systems (I) c Structural analysis of A-domain Encapsulin monomers based on homology modeling Structural features distinguishing Family 4 A d Left: Sequence and structure of the HK97-fold and origin of A-domain Encapsulins Loss of N- and C-terminal domains results in a truncated protein corresponding to the A-domain of the HK97-fold Distinguishing structural features of Family 4A Right: Structural comparison of HK97-fold (T1 Classical Encapsulin (3DKT) blue and purple) and A-domain Encapsulin (yellow) e Pentameric facet of a Family 1 encapsulin compared with an A-domain Encapsulin A-domain Encapsulins may assemble into smaller pentameric facets about half the size of HK97-fold facets We hypothesize that A-domain Encapsulins should also be able to self-assemble into facets and potentially larger complexes The fact that 2PK8 did crystallize as a dimer may be an artefact due to the presence of an N-terminal His-tag which could easily interfere with facet formation This likely implicates GAPDH A-domain Encapsulin operons in central carbon metabolism we suggest that DeoC A-domain Encapsulin systems are involved in the utilization of nucleosides and nucleotides Future efforts to characterize pathogen-associated encapsulin systems may yield novel targets for therapeutic intervention a Phylogenetic tree of Pfam clan CL0373 b DALI structural comparisons of representative CL0373 structures of each family with available structures Left: dendrogram based on pairwise Z score comparisons Right: matrix/heatmap representation of Z scores based on pairwise comparisons c Representative monomer structures used in (b) for structural comparisons colored by Pfam family color names and Pfam families shown below each monomer structure No Family 3 structures have been solved at the time of writing some Family 3 members have been annotated as belonging to Pfam family PF05065 which may indicate that they are more structurally similar to Family 2 than Family 1 encapsulins the HK97-fold might have undergone a re-recruitment and as part of encapsulin systems has now returned to its cellular origin our study establishes encapsulins as a ubiquitous and diverse class of protein compartmentalization systems and lays the groundwork for future experimental studies aimed at better understanding the physiological roles and biomedical relevance of encapsulins Branches corresponding to Eukaryotes were removed and clades were collapsed to a threshold of < 0.65 BRL Branches were then annotated manually to highlight encapsulin containing phyla bootstraps: display as color with range 0 to 1 The sequence most distant to Family 1 encapsulins was used as the outgroup: J7HY26 (PF07068) Already characterized polyprenyl transferase sequences were incorporated into our analysis to infer the putative substrate range of newly identified sequences A custom workflow on the NGPhylogeny.fr server for sequence alignments MAFFT was utilized for multiple sequence alignments with standard parameters; alignment curation was done via BMGE and standard parameters; for tree inference PhyML+SMS was employed using standard parameters; for phylogenetic tree visualization iTOL was used with the following non-standard parameters: display mode: unrooted Nodes were colored according to cargo type for Family 1 Family 3 encapsulin nodes were colored according to natural product gene cluster type Blastp parameters were automatically adjusted for short input sequences and an E-value of 200,000 was used HMM templates representative of each cargo class identified through initial blastp searches were then generated and used as inputs for HMMsearch The resulting set of cargo hits was then classified based on their Pfam or Interpro annotation If no Pfam or Interpro annotation was present cargo proteins were annotated based on sequence similarity Identified cargo proteins that did not have corresponding NCBI or UniProt accession codes were labeled as putative Manually curated cargo proteins that were not identified by any of the above search methods but located immediately adjacent to an encapsulin gene in the GNN or in the NCBI Nucleotide graphic interface were labeled as manually curated The resulting HMMs were then used to query our custom Family 2 database via HMMsearch Identified cargo proteins of encapsulins not present in the ENA database were curated manually Family 3 and Family 4 encapsulins were manually inspected for putative cargo proteins and operon similarity using EFI-GNT-generated genome neighborhood diagrams The following sequences were used as inputs: Family 4A: F0LMI5; Family 4B: F0LIR3 and O59495; Family 4C: A0A1M6P7G0 and A0A2H0JLL0 Structure comparisons between different HK97-type proteins were carried out on the DALI server106 using the following representative experimentally determined structures: PF04454: 4PT2 2E0Z and 3DKT; no Pfam (T1 Family 2A encapsulin): 6X8T; PF03884: 3BJQ and 3BQW; PF05065: 1OHG and 5TJT; PF07068: 1YUE and 5VF3; PF11651: 5L35 and 3J7W; PF08967: 2PK8; PF08967: 3J40 and 3J4U Structural similarities between the selected proteins were evaluated based on the DALI Z score which represents a measure of the quality of the overall structural alignment structural similarity matrices resulting from all-against-all structure comparisons and the respective dendrograms were generated using the all-against-all structure comparison tool on the DALI server Disopred3 outputs were visualized using GraphPad Prism v9.0.2 Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article Evolution of intracellular compartmentalization Origin and evolution of metabolic sub-cellular compartmentalization in eukaryotes Compartmentalization and organelle formation in bacteria Greening, C. & Lithgow, T. 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environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks UCSF Chimera–a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis UCSF ChimeraX: Meeting modern challenges in visualization and analysis DISOPRED3: precise disordered region predictions with annotated protein-binding activity First genomic insights into members of a candidate bacterial phylum responsible for wastewater bulking Download references We gratefully acknowledge funding from the NIH (R35GM133325) The authors declare no competing interests Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25071-y Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Microbiology newsletter — what matters in microbiology research the UWM Department of Geography welcomed visitors from Justus-Liebig-University in Giessen The group of undergraduate students were led by their instructor a former exchange student in the department during the Fall 2013 semester the group toured the UWM campus and the department talked with Donna Genzmer of the Cartography & GIS Center and toured the American Geographical Society Library graduate students and faculty convened with the group at the Hubbard Park Beer Garden to socialize the group enjoyed their time here and were appreciative of the hospitality extended by the department Justus Liebig University Giessen scores again in the EU programme Erasmus+ and raises a record sum of around 1.84 million euros in funding 36 years after the Erasmus+ programme was founded JLU was able to raise the highest funding amount in its Erasmus history: with around 1.84 million euros lecturers and university staff can be funded within the Erasmus+ programme for a stay abroad at an Erasmus partner university or European institution With the opening of the Erasmus+ programme across Europe’s borders the Erasmus+ International Credit Mobility offers scholarships for stays at strategic partner universities of JLU worldwide Around 1.25 million euros are available for exchanges with partners in the 33 Erasmus+ programme countries in and around Europe in the academic year 2023/24 JLU was again successful in Erasmus+ International Credit Mobility with scholarship funds of around 600.000 euros: among the already existing partner universities in (South) Eastern Europe the successfully acquired funding for exchanges with partners in Australia and Colombia is of particularly great importance Scholarship funds are now also available for exchanges with the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee and the University of Wisconsin – Madison in the USA warmly congratulates all those who have contributed to the successful applications in the Erasmus+ programme: “Intensive exchange with international partners at all levels is more important than ever in these uncertain times These scholarships are available to all members of JLU and thus create a broadly effective offer for financing stays abroad This is internationalization in action at all levels.” Students and doctoral candidates can spend two to twelve months abroad or at JLU with Erasmus+ So-called blended mobilities are also possible These are short stays of between five and 30 days combined with a virtual experience abroad lecturers can be funded for a teaching stay and university staff for a training period abroad Partial scholarships or travel and subsistence allowances are available for all exchanges.  In order to strengthen inclusion in the Erasmus+ programme additional financial support is available for disadvantaged students They can apply for a top-up of their Erasmus grant of 250 euros per month there is also the possibility to receive a one-time top-up of 50 euros View all news Explore our comprehensive portfolio that addresses the complete care continuum for many of the world’s most threatening diseases.  Discover the stories of pioneers pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in healthcare to help improve people’s lives around the world Patient-centered innovation has been and always will be at the core of our company Dive deeper into our fascinating technologies The University Hospital Giessen is the first hospital in Germany where a robotic system assists in a minimally invasive procedure to place a stent into a narrowed coronary artery to reopen it This percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was carried out by the team of Prof doctors use the endovascular robotic system together with an Artis angiography system from Siemens Healthineers "Detailed imaging in combination with robotic-assisted intervention can provide increased precision to minimally invasive therapy Especially complex procedures can be standardized and potentially provide better clinical results I am very pleased that we were able to successfully use our imaging system and endovascular robotic platform at the University Hospital Giessen and Marburg in a procedure," said Doris Pommi General Manager Cardiovascular Care at Siemens Healthineers Corindus' robotic system allows physicians to precisely control catheters balloons and stents with the help of integrated imaging for minimally invasive procedures The doctor does not have to be physically next to the angiography table as usual but can control the procedure via the system’s control module and is thus exposed to less radiation "The robotic system allows the precise positioning of interventional devices This is crucial for the procedural success of the PCI procedure and can help improve long-term patient benefits If coronary lesions are not fully covered by stents this is a significant risk factor for follow-up interventions caused by re-stenosis," said Prof Technical advances in interventional cardiology can make it possible to successfully perform even more complex procedures routinely bifurcation stenosis or even re-openings of chronic closures as well as the reduction of radiation exposure can be of fundamental importance," said Prof Coronary heart disease is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in Western industrialized nations are among the most common causes of death in Germany In the treatment of acute and chronic coronary syndrome PCI with stent implantation has established itself as the gold standard and is recommended in the European treatment guidelines Link to the press pictures The products/features (mentioned herein) are not commercially available in all countries Their future availability cannot be guaranteed Detailed information is available from the local Siemens Healthineers organization LA JOLLA, Calif. - Former University of California San Diego basketball star Adam Klie will continue his professional career after signing a contract to play for the GIESSEN 46ers in Germany Klie recently completed his first year in pro ball with the Niagara River Lions of the National Basketball League of Canada He was one of just two players to see action in all 44 of the team's games Klie was the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) Player of the Year and a consensus first team all-region selection as a senior He was a three-time all-conference performer as well as the 2014 CCAA Freshman of the Year Klie left the school as its Division II leader in career points He was just the second Triton in the program's DII era (since 2000-01) to record 1,000 points and 500 rebounds in a career.In the classroom Klie held a 4.0 GPA as a Bioengineering major at Revelle College product earned a litany of academic accolades including CoSIDA Academic All-America of the Year He was also an NCAA Postgraduate Scholarship winner as a senior GIESSEN's ProB team compiled an impressive 16-6 record over the regular season and went 3-2 in the playoffs. Located in Giessen the 46ers play in the Sporthalle Giessen-Ost (capacity 4,303) Germany's ProB league consists of 24 teams split between the North Division and the South Division The top eight teams from each division at the end of the regular season qualify for the playoffs The GIESSEN 46ers also have a team that competes in the Bundesliga the highest level of club basketball in Germany GIESSEN begins its 2018-19 ProB campaign on Sept The regular season runs until late February We spoke with Adam the day he signed with GIESSEN Thoughts?My plan is to get over there and let it all hang loose but I also want to see myself playing my best basketball I'm really amped and excited to get out there and let it rip. It's going to be a fast-paced learning period What did you learn while playing in Canada this past season?Coming in as a rookie You're "the guy" on your team in college and you feel like you're ready to play that role in the pros that can hit you and you realize you need to get a lot better I was playing against guys who were very talented I think having that year under my belt to get a feel for the talent level in professional basketball is going to give me a big leg up this year What are the major differences between the college game and the pro game?In college We move the ball and it's very team-oriented Professional basketball is a lot more free-flowing You need to score when you get the ball in your hands There's a lot of pressure to make a play and score where in college I had a little more time to pick my spots Quick decision making and learning how to make shots in a lot of different ways especially when you're playing against big was one of the biggest adjustments for me in Canada How do you think playing professionally in Germany will differ from playing professionally in Canada?In Canada it was pretty much all Canadians and players from the United States It's going to be very different playing internationally and playing European-style basketball there's a lot of differences in style of play I'll be playing against guys that are competing for a paycheck and want to move up just as badly as I do The team is allowed just one North American import per season How special is it that you are that player?It's definitely pretty cool It shows that they have a lot of confidence in me What have you been working on during the off-season?I've been focusing on mitigating some of my weaknesses I had in Canada I'm going to use that work and that knowledge to take my game forward and have a better year so it's been a big point of emphasis to make sure that I'm feeling the flow of my shots and getting them honed in so I can knock them down when I have the opportunity Have you spent much time in Europe?I lived in Moscow for three years when I was 10 years old and we traveled around Europe a bit but we went through Munich a few times and I'm familiar with the Frankfurt airport My plan is to start learning the language as soon as I possibly can It's a chance to see another part of the world that will make this experience exciting.  Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here has said the federal government was prepared to collaborate with the German Chamber of Commerce to upskill youths and SMEs as well as enhance their competitiveness to drive economic growth.The minister made the commitment when a delegation from the IHK Giessen-Friedberg Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Germany paid her a visit in Abuja.The visit aimed to further enhance Nigeria’s economic relations with Germany and explore opportunities for investments and job creation particularly in the areas of vocational training and business development.After listening to submissions from the delegation Oduwole noted that the objectives of the visit was in alignment between the German initiatives and the Ministry’s priorities especially the need to skill up specialised services.She said the federal government was repositioning the National Talent Export Programme (NTEP) to work on skilling up Nigerian youths in services vocational and managed skills and migration.NTEP was initiated by President Bola Tinubu initiated in 2023.The minister said the ministry remained always open to explore opportunities for Nigerian youths to enhance their competitiveness.Oduwole also expressed the country’s readiness to participate at the forthcoming “World Meets in Giessen” conference in Germany.The German delegation was led by President of the Giessen Chamber of Commerce and Industry Matthias Leder.Leder emphasised the mutual benefits of continued cooperation between both countries in investment opportunities and skilled labour migration.He invited Nigeria to join the upcoming The World Meets in Giessen conference which aims to bring together businesses from around the world in a B2B format.He said “We offer a B2B conference where companies from all over the world can come to Giessen and match and pitch and consul generals because these excellencies are the perfect door openers to get into a foreign country.”Leder also discussed the success of the dual vocational training system implemented in Nigeria which had significantly impacted youth unemployment.He said More than 95 per cent of the apprentices in these three states and cities they got also a job offer.“We are convinced that this is a key factor for the development and the growth of Nigeria.”The partnership between Nigeria and Germany is poised to create long-lasting economic opportunities with the focus on fostering a skilled workforce and facilitating investment.The collaboration is expected to boost Nigeria’s economy and attract international businesses eager to tap into the country’s growing market.In his remarks former Minister of Information and National Orientation/Managing Partner Bruit Costaud emphasised the importance of the partnership between the two nations.He said “We believe that this engagement will yield meaningful outcomes that will further strengthen the economic and trade relationship between Nigeria and Germany.”He commended Oduwole’s willingness to engage with the delegation describing it as a testament to her unwavering commitment to advancing the objectives of the Renewed Hope agenda under the visionary leadership of the President.He said “Your dedication to fostering economic growth and investment opportunities aligns perfectly with the purpose of this meeting and we deeply appreciate your time and attention.”He said “Germany’s demand for skilled labour continues to grow is well-positioned to contribute positively to this demand.“By fostering structured migration channels we can create an avenue that benefits both economies especially in addressing Germany’s labour needs while providing Nigerians with the opportunities to develop their skills and contribute to global economic growth.” THISDAY is published by THISDAY NEWSPAPERS LTD. Nigeria with offices in 36 states of Nigeria the Federal Capital Territory and around the world It is Nigeria’s most authoritative news media available on all platforms for the political professional and diplomatic elite and broader middle classes while serving as the meeting point of new ideas culture and technology for the aspirationals and millennials The newspaper is a public trust dedicated to the pursuit of truth and reason covering a range of issues from breaking news to politics sports and community to the crossroads of people and society You can email us at: hello@thisdaylive.com or visit our contact us page Metrics details Micro-optics are widely used in numerous applications We use femtosecond 3D printing to manufacture free-form micro-optical elements Our method gives sub-micrometre accuracy so that direct manufacturing even on single-mode fibres is possible We demonstrate the potential of our method by writing different collimation optics free-form surfaces with polynomials of up to 10th order for intensity beam shaping as well as chiral photonic crystals for circular polarization filtering all aligned onto the core of the single-mode fibres We determine the accuracy of our optics by analysing the output patterns as well as interferometrically characterizing the surfaces We find excellent agreement with numerical calculations 3D printing of microoptics can achieve sufficient performance that will allow for rapid prototyping and production of beam-shaping and imaging devices very flexible zoom lenses on the micrometre scale for endoscopy inside a syringe needle would thus become possible We quantify and analyse the optical performance and demonstrate that three-dimensional printing is a viable method to generate compact and integrated optical elements previously unthinkable the three-dimensional aspect allows for designs that include air other materials with specific functionalities The optic is centred on the core of the fibre and the lens thickness is such that on the one hand sufficient collimation power is achieved and on the other hand diffraction effects do not hamper the refractive performance too much as the beam is allowed to propagate and expand its diameter after exiting the 4.4 μm diameter fibre core they suffer from drawbacks such as low resolution the difficulty to achieve necessary large optical heights because of the required glass slides or complex fabrication setups The additional restrictions that are required by designs of optical elements result in the fact that until now no combination of the specific design fabrication and verification of sub-micrometre accurate free-form optics has been reported free-form optics on single-mode fibres with specific design targets cannot be fabricated by most of the mentioned methods we demonstrate different applications of sub-micrometre optical components for beam collimation the specific shaping of the intensity distribution directly at the output of an optical fibre by a combination of diffractive and refractive elements (a) Macro photograph of a lens that collimates a Gaussian beam emerging from a single-mode fibre (b) Coloured scanning electron microscope image of a model device manufactured by three-dimensional direct laser writing On top of the end facet of an optical fibre (red) a chiral photonic crystal structure (blue) for polarization control and a free-form lens with Fresnel zone plate (green) for beam shaping are placed The optical components are fabricated by two different photoresists (c) Coloured scanning electron microscope image of a model device that consists of three free-form lenses (blue) and could be used on a fibre (a) Illustration of the ‘twisted woodpile’ (b) Coloured scanning electron microscope image of the fabricated left-handed structure (blue) containing a solid ring (green) in order to increase the stability and reduce deformation of the structure (c,d) Measured transmittance spectra for right- and left-handed circularly polarized light for the chiral photonic crystal at the in-/out-coupling end facet of the optical fibre and for the left- and right-handed photonic crystal structure The design wavelength for the polarization filter was 1,550 nm (a) Optical microscope images of different spherical lenses with different thicknesses D ranging from 0 to 300 μm and the corresponding propagation measurements and simulations of the beam width w (radius of intensity at 1/e2) −85.8 and −102.1 μm for lens thicknesses D of 50 (b) Beam width for each lens taken at a distance of 20 mm after the fibre end facet and the comparison with the simulation obtained by Gaussian beam propagation with an ABCD matrix formalism (c) Intensity distribution of the beam profile at a distance of 10 mm measured from the optical fibre using a lens thickness D of 300 μm (d) Measurement of the topography using optical interferometry of a spherical lens with a lens thickness D of 250 μm and a designed radius of curvature of −85.77 μm (e) Deviation of the measured surface topography This implies a maximal surface tolerance of roughly one wavelength for the designed wavelength of 800 nm Atomic force microscopy measurements result in 43 nm root mean square (RMS) surface roughness for lenses fabricated with a layer-by-layer distance of 400 nm This is as well confirmed by optical white light interferometry measurements Flat films even exhibits a surface roughness of below 10 nm RMS the shrinkage or deformation of such ‘bulky’ objects consisting of layer-by-layer written photoresists is not uniform the writing parameters and the shape itself a prediction of the deformation is still difficult to make the smooth surfaces and the high quality of the photoresists make it possible to reach total transmittances of up to nearly 70% for fibre pieces of up to 20 cm at a wavelength of 808 nm including the input and output coupling losses (a) Illustration of a toric lens that exhibits two different radii of curvature along the x- and the y-coordinate (b) Measurement of the topography using optical white light interferometry of a toric lens with radii of curvature of −95.8 and −75.8 μm (c) Measurement and simulation of the beam width w (radius of intensity at 1/e2) along the x- and y-coordinate of a toric lens with radii of curvature −65.8 and −110.8 μm (d) Two-dimensional Gaussian intensity distributions fitted to the measured images of a CCD camera at different distances with respect to the optical fibre The mode profile changes from an elliptical beam profile with the long axis in y-direction (A) to an elliptical beam profile with the long axis in the x-direction (C) (a) Illustration of a donut shaping free-form lens The lens design is calculated by an iterative optimization algorithm using Huygens–Fresnel principle (b) Intensity distribution of a donut-shaped beam profile with cross sections in x- and y-direction the backward calculation that has been determined from the measurement is shown (c) Microscope image of the side view of the top hat shaping free-form optical element with indicated designed surface and the surface based on backward calculation out of the measurement results The white vertical lines indicate the beam width (d) Intensity distribution of a top hat-shaped beam profile with cross-sections in x- and y-direction We have demonstrated various sub-micrometre optical elements enabling intensity distribution shaping and polarization control with surface deviations between design and manufactured element of less than one wavelength Our approach of using three-dimensional dip-in laser lithography is not limited to any kind of special optics it is a fabrication platform for numerous optical elements based on diffraction reflection and refraction in the sub-micrometre region where among other things it is suitable for fibre technology but similarly it is as well versatile for the combination with other substrates such as light-emitting diodes vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-lasers (VECSEL) and other light-emitting structures in the sub-micrometre range highly compact functional hybrid optical elements can be manufactured our lenses are not limited to one refractive surface allowing for the fabrication of optical components with two or even more compounded free-form or diffractive surfaces we deduce that internal refractive index variations due to polymerization inhomogeneities are not detrimental to the optical performance Our method extends additive optical manufacturing into the micro- and nanooptics realm and opens a whole new field in endoscopy and micro-imaging and -illumination we use a different beam waist (ω0=3 μm) in order to compensate the non-uniform deformation due to the fabrication and development process In Fig. 2a each ROC is determined by the minimization of the beam width w at a distance of 20 mm for each lens thickness The plot of the backward calculations in Fig. 4d is carried out by using the measured intensity distribution as a target function in order to calculate and therefore control the fabricated surface by an iterative optimization algorithm Whereas the designed surface function of the donut shaper is represented by z=a0+a1·r1+a2·r2+…+a5·r5 and by z=a0+a2·r2+a4·r4+…+a10·r10 for the top hat shaper the backward calculated surfaces are described by a modified aspheric surface where c is the curvature (inverse of radius of curvature) and k is the conic constant r is the radial distance measured from the optical axis The parameters for the designed surface for the donut shaper are a0=0.250 mm and the backward-calculated surface is described by a0=0.250 mm a8=−4.971 × 108 mm−7 and a10=1.072 × 109 mm−9 describe the surface of the designed top hat shaper c=−1.839 × 10−3 mm−1 and k=−1.594 × 10−2 describe the backward-calculated surface we use a standard fibre holder with V-groove (Elliot Martock MDE 710) directly attached to the direct laser writing system The fibre pieces have a length of 15–20 cm and are cleaved directly before the direct laser writing process the core can be perfectly centred by observing the end facet of the fibre with a CCD camera and aligning the fibre core with respect to the direct laser writing beam only a power of a few percent of the writing power is used the high reproducibility of our method is demonstrated by fabricating two similar lenses with nominally identical fabrication parameters The optical performance of the two lenses is in good agreement which demonstrates the high reproducibility of the fabrication method Single-mode optical fibres 780HP (Thorlabs) are used except for the chiral photonic crystal structures where the single-mode fibre SMF 28 (Newport) is used to support the structures The chiral photonic crystal structure in Fig. 5 is fabricated to have the polarization stop band at the telecommunications wavelength at around 1.55 μm we use a rotation angle of 120° between neighbouring layers which corresponds to a lattice constant c of 1.32 μm Every fourth layer is identically oriented To overcome the ellipticity of one single rod every rod consists of two similar written lines spaced by a distance of 100 nm This results in a rod thickness of around 240 nm the average value of the beam width w in x- and y-direction at a distance of 20 mm is taken The topographies of the spherical and toroidal lenses in Figs 3 and 4 are measured by using a white light interferometer system (ZygoLOT GmbH) the incident light from a white light source (Energetiq EQ-99 LDLS) is circularly polarized by a Glan-Thompson polarizing prism (Bernhard Halle) in combination with a broadband achromatic quarter wave plate (Bernhard Halle) A × 10 and a × 6.3 objective are used for the input and the output coupling We investigated the influence of both situations the chiral photonic crystal structure at the input and at the output coupling end facet of the single-mode fibre The transmittance spectra are measured by using an optical spectrum analyser (Ando AQ6315E) with a sensitive region ranging from 350 to 1,750 nm Sub-micrometre accurate free-form optics by three-dimensional printing on single-mode fibres Three-dimensional optical laser lithography beyond the diffraction limit Three-dimensional deep sub-diffraction optical beam lithography with 9 nm feature size Exploring the mechanisms in STED-enhanced direct laser writing Advances in the design of freeform systems for imaging and illumination applications Characterizing the shape of freeform optics Fundamentals of Micro-Optics Cambridge Univ Manufacturing and measurement of freeform optics Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XV: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics high-power diode lasers by use of micro-optics Using low-loss phase-change materials for mid-infrared antenna resonance tuning Modelling and optimization of micro optofluidic lenses Materials processing: two-photon fabrication Femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization of inorganic organic hybrid materials for applications in photonics Efficient fiber-to-waveguide coupling by a lens on the end of the optical fiber fabricated by focused ion beam milling Axicon lens on optical fiber forming optical tweezers Reduced Fresnel losses in chalcogenide fibers by using anti-reflective surface structures on fiber end faces Nanopillar array on a fiber facet for highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering Interferometric inscription of surface relief gratings on optical fiber using azo polymer film Sub-15nm optical fiber nanoimprint lithography: a parallel Fabrication of antireflection subwavelength gratings at the tips of optical fibers using UV nanoimprint lithography Fabrication of micro optics on coreless fiber segments Fiber microaxicons fabricated by a polishing technique for the generation of Bessel-like beams Integration of micrometer-sized polymer elements at the end of optical fibers by free-radical photopolymerization Optical tweezers with tips grown at the end of fibers by photopolymerization Refractive microlens on fiber using UV-curable fluorinated acrylate polymer by surface-tension Achievement of large spot size and long collimation length using UV curable self-assembled polymer lens on a beam expanding core-less silica fiber Hybrid polymer microlens arrays with high numerical apertures fabricated using simple ink-jet printing technique Directly fabricated multi-scale microlens arrays on a hydrophobic flat surface by a simple ink-jet printing technique Laser micromachining of efficient fiber microlenses Microlenses and microlens arrays formed on a glass plate by use of a CO(2) laser Optical micro-structures fabricated on top of optical fibers by means of two-photon photopolymerization Micro-optics fabrication on top of optical fibers using two-photon lithography Femtosecond laser polymerization of hybrid/integrated micro-optical elements and their characterization Fabrication of three-dimensional micro-photonic structures on the tip of optical fibers using SU-8 3D microoptical elements formed in a photostructurable germanium silicate by direct laser writing Focusing and imaging with increased numerical apertures through multimode fibers with micro-fabricated optics Ultrafast laser nanostructuring of photopolymers: a decade of advances Microstructured gradient-index antireflective coating fabricated on a fiber tip with direct laser writing Fabrication of micro-axicons using direct-laser writing Tailored 3D mechanical metamaterials made by dip-in direct-laser-writing optical lithography Hybrid 2D–3D optical devices for integrated optics by direct laser writing 3D direct laser writing using a 405 nm diode laser Photonic crystals in the optical regime - past Layer-by-layer three-dimensional chiral photonic crystals Three-dimensional bi-chiral photonic crystals Multidimensional architectures for functional optical devices Three-dimensional bichiral plasmonic crystals fabricated by direct laser writing and electroless silver plating Printoptical technology delivers economical 3D-printed arrays of optical elements Two-component polymer scaffolds for controlled three-dimensional cell culture Selective coating of holes in microstructured optical fiber and its application to in-fiber absorptive polarizers Freeform LED lens for uniform illumination Convergence properties of the Nelder--Mead simplex method in low dimensions Wave-optical design of a combined refractive-diffractive varifocal lens Fundamentals of Optical Fibers John Wiley & Sons (2004) Download references We gratefully acknowledge financial support by DFG (SPP1391 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (13N9048 Baden-Württemberg Stiftung (Internationale Spitzenforschung II and Intelligente Optische Sensorik) Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg (Az: 7533-7-11.6-8) Jan Niehues and Peter Lehmann from the University of Kassel for white light interferometer measurements Michael Thiel and André Radke from Nanoscribe GmbH for help with lens fabrications and stimulating discussions as well as Bettina Frank for performing atomic force microscope measurements We would like to thank Angelika Hoffmann and Stefan Kaiser from OEC AG for stimulating discussions 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE Institute for Applied Optics (ITO) and Research Center SCoPE experimental characterization and wrote the manuscript participated in planning the experiments and supervised the project All authors participated in discussions and contributed to editing of the manuscript The authors declare no competing financial interests Download citation Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science The federal government has welcomed a partnership with the IHK Giessen-Friedberg Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Germany to enhance vocational education and boost the capacity of Nigeria’s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) The collaboration was discussed during a courtesy visit by a delegation from the German chamber to the Minister of Budget and Economic Planning President of the Giessen Chamber of Commerce and Industry Dr Matthias Leder who led the delegation said his team was in the office to formally invited the minister to attend the 2025 edition of “The World Meets in Giessen,” describing it as a “Davos for SMEs”—a global platform where small businesses can engage Lai Mohammed said Nigeria’s participation in “THE WORLD MEETS IN GIESSEN” presents a unique opportunity to: showcase Nigeria’s SME potential to international investors and business leaders attract foreign direct investment and forge strategic partnerships and promote economic diversification by connecting Nigerian businesses with global supply chains The Nigeria former minister of information said Abubakar’s attendance will also enhance policy dialogue on SME financing The conference is designed to provide a similar platform for SMEs to engage and explore opportunities for growth beyond borders The conference serves as a bridge between global investors and small businesses He said Nigeria’s participation in the event would showcase the country’s SME potential to international investors Bagudu commended the Giessen Chamber for its commitment to vocational training and SME development He emphasised the need for Nigeria to embrace industrialisation and innovation to compete globally “We don’t want our young people to leave the country out of necessity The minister assured the delegation that the Nigerian government is ready to remove any transactional barriers that could hinder the success of the partnership He accepted the invitation to participate in the Giessen forum and pledged to work closely with the German chamber to ensure that Nigerian SMEs benefit from the collaboration © 2025 Leadership Media Group - All Rights Reserved © 2025 Leadership Media Group - All Rights Reserved NEWS INSIGHTS EVENTS VIDEOS Search Home/Software/Akamai Exclusive Networks Africa join forces to bring software-based micro-segmentation security benefits t...Akamai Exclusive Networks Africa join forces to bring software-based micro-segmentation security benefits to African organisationsIssued by Exclusive Networks AfricaJohannesburg Security & GSI Lead Africa at Exclusive Networks Africa Cyber security specialist Exclusive Networks Africa has announced a new local partnership with Akamai Technologies the cloud company that powers and protects life online with a view to assisting the organisation to further entrench itself across the African continent Security and GSI Lead Africa at Exclusive Networks Africa the two businesses have already worked together on a significant local project which saw the successful implementation recently of a micro-segmentation strategy for an African telecommunications group “Having collaborated for the past six months on this particular deal Akamai opted to broaden our partnership and leverage Exclusive Networks Africa’s extensive partner base across East as well as the Indian Ocean Islands and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region we will focus on delivering the benefits of micro-segmentation to local enterprises governments and telco organisations in particular.” Software-based micro-segmentation is an emerging security best practice that offers several advantages over more established approaches These traditional methods rely heavily on network-based controls that are coarse and often cumbersome to manage the software-based segmentation element of micro-segmentation separates security controls from the underlying infrastructure and provides businesses with the flexibility to extend protection and visibility anywhere The added granularity that micro-segmentation offers is essential at a time when many organisations are adopting cloud services and new deployment options that make traditional perimeter security less relevant Says Van de Giessen: “Micro-segmentation is essentially a software-defined network overlay that allows for greater visibility around all assets within the network This infrastructure visualisation is helpful in that it makes activity in the environment easier to identify and understand “This approach allows companies to ring-fence their applications and servers and define which ones are able to talk to each other as the malware is not able to spread to other machines within the network due to these authorisation parameters The ability to lock down a device individually allows for greater control over the blast radius of an attack which would not be possible with the use of a firewall a software-based micro-segmentation solution can be rolled out faster seamlessly and with far less capital expenditure (capex) than would be required to purchase firewall appliances and additional hardware “Micro-segmentation also allows businesses to avoid lengthy implementation timelines – taking roll-out timelines from over a year down to weeks – as well as the unavoidable related downtime the reduced maintenance – and reduced management effort needed – results in far lower operating expenses (opex) over time in the form of labour and resource savings “Micro-segmentation may be a newer concept to many but it is becoming an increasingly important tool for IT teams challenged with ensuring that security policies and compliance keep pace with the rapid rate of change in today’s dynamic data centre cloud and hybrid cloud environments,” Van de Giessen concludes Regional Vice-President of Channels and Alliances EMEA at Akamai said: "We are excited to team up with Exclusive Networks and their strong ecosystem of local partners to deliver our micro-segmentation services enhancing cyber security for customers across the African markets." For more information on Exclusive Networks Africa, please visit https://www.exclusive-networks.com/za/, or contact Dean Steenkamp, Vendor Alliance Manager at Exclusive Networks Africa on (+27) 011 202 8400 or dsteenkamp@exclusive-networks.co.za. Over 1,000 watering cans in every imaginable style are on display in a free museum atop a German mall The "Giesskannenmuseum" (Watering Can Museum) in Giessen celebrates the common watering can—be it antiquarian funded by the City of Giessen and run by the Gaertnerpflichten artist group (Oliver Behnecke The location of the museum is no coincidence: the name Giessen means "to water" but some are purchased especially for exhibition stories or memories from the former owners are collected and every donation is registered. The large collection emphasizes the great variety in watering cans. Though they all have a container the watering can is a utilitarian object but also a beautiful one The museum has also acquired some beautiful prints from the late 19th century where watering cans can be seen in different contexts A collection of 26 sheets can be seen in a specially equipped display cabinet the watering can is sometimes shown as protagonist and sometimes as a mere accessory.  Since spring of 2012, the Giesskannenmuseum has cooperated with the Frankfurt art project "Botanoadopt" Here "neglected and abused houseplants" receive individual names and biographies and are presented in the Watering Can Museum for adoption 2018: The museum has moved and is now located at Sonnenstraße It's visible from the street and can be found easily now Entrance is still free and opening times have expanded to now cover Wednesdays 10-13.00 Fridays 15-18.00 and Saturdays 12-16.00 (Spring 2018) This extraordinary art museum is like a secret world on the edge of Mexico City A professional special effects makeup artist’s collection of horror creatures and one-of-a-kind recreations on display in downtown Boulder City Thomas Jefferson's estate is home to hundreds of varieties of historic fruits and vegetables The cellar of a former factory is now home to a collection of gloves This edgy museum will whet your appetite for the industrial history of Western New York its collection details the fascinating history of the Netherlands's iconic symbol The first museum in the United States dedicated entirely to posters These museum grounds are a Dalai Lama-declared peace oasis The Minister of Budget and National Planning yesterday accepted an invitation to deliver a keynote address at the 2025 edition of “The World Meets in Giessen” event The minister’s acceptance followed an invitation extended to him by the leader of the German Delegation and President of the Giessen Chamber of Commerce and Industry after an introductory meeting between both parties in Abuja The World Meet is an international platform to acknowledge and promote every action of the individuals which has brought a change in society or any other field that positively impacts the world The platform serves as a global stage to recognize and celebrate individuals who have contributed to social progress Leder said Nigeria’s participation in “The World Meets in Giessen” presents a unique opportunity to  showcase the country’s SME potential to international investors and business leaders as well as attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) This would also promote economic diversification by connecting Nigerian businesses with global supply chains and enhance policy dialogue on SME financing Bagudu said the proposal by the German Chamber of Commerce was  capable of triggering a revolution that could change the world and pledged the willingness of the current administration to partner with Germany in dismantling all bottlenecks on the way to achieving the objectives “Chamber of commerce can play a role in sharing prosperity in a sustainable manner This offer is opportunity to share in global prosperity “We don’t want to be nuisance to the world hence the introduction not our Agenda 2050 Development Plan He said the collaboration would lead to a stronger relationship in a more inclusive while respecting the sovereignty of each country being the time we have been struggling in the late 18 months We are wiling to work with you to amplify it so that poverty does not set in.” The meeting resolved to constitute a three man committee from both sides to draw a roadmap for Nigeria participation at the Davos conference The federal government earlier  welcomed a partnership with the German chamber to enhance vocational education and boost the capacity of SMEs in the country former Minister of Information and Culture Lai Mohammed who mediated between the two nations noted stated that the programme stemmed from existing cooperation between the two countries aimed at fostering sustainable SMEs who was keynote speaker in last year’s edition of the summit said the presence of the Minister at this prestigious gathering will send a strong signal of Nigeria’s commitment to supporting SMEs as key drivers of economic transformation Welcome to Websitename.com. This site uses cookies. Read our policy By 2023-03-27T10:04:13+01:00 UPS Healthcare has opened its first dedicated healthcare logistics facility in Germany as it seeks to further capitalise on pharmaceutical trade The 27,200m2 GMP and GDP compliant facility in Giessen will house over 30,000 pallet positions capable of supporting storage of a range healthcare products at 2C to 8C UPS said of the facility: "Its proximity to UPS’s European air hub at Cologne Bonn Airport and UPS Healthcare’s European hub in Roermond also provides customers with shorter domestic and global transit times potentially increasing production windows and offers next-day delivery to 80% of Europe as well as access to major ports including Rotterdam The facility will also support hospital & pharmacy distribution across Germany This new facility is a part of UPS Healthcare’s continued investment in Germany a service that can prioritise and track critical shipments within 3m of their location anywhere in UPS’s global network “We have created a truly pan-European cold chain network capable of providing end-to-end range of quality specialist storage and handling services,” said John Bolla we can provide greater visibility and control to ensure our customer’s patient-critical products are delivered where they need to be at the right time and at the right temperature.” The roof of the facility features a solar system that produces more than 850,000 kWh of electricity annually - more than the facility consumes The building also meets the Gold Standard of the German Sustainable Building Council UPS Healthcare plans to add over 200,000 m2 of warehouse space This new facility will add to the existing 217 facilities in 37 countries and territories UPS Healthcare anticipates it will have more than doubled its presence in dedicated healthcare facilities in 2023 compared to 2020 https://www.aircargonews.net/sectors/pharma-logistics/ups-completes-bomi-group-purchase-to-expand-in-healthcare/ https://www.aircargonews.net/sectors/pharma-logistics/ups-to-develop-new-healthcare-hub-in-ireland/ Site powered by Webvision Cloud Political shocks and risks; unpredictable market reactions; a challenging global economic environment and a complex restrictive regulatory framework - investment experts share the investment path they are taking to beat the odds Global growth forecast down from 2.9% at start of the year to 2.7% I Care and Winrock International to develop index to provide understanding of which companies are leaders in cutting GHG emissions At our recent Investing in Real Assets Conference we brought together David Otudeko of the ABI and Michael Henderson of Legal & General to discuss the future of Solvency UK Deal complements stake in Vantage Data Centres Subscribe to Insurance Asset Risk to benefit from: This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Find out more here The Pardee Center is hosting a visiting scholar Ulrike Heine is a student from Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen and a PhD-candidate at the Research Group on the topic “Transnational Media Events from Early Modern Times to the Present”  funded by the German Research Foundation The first paper is on “Photographic Memories of Disaster in Climate Change Communication” and the second is on “Visualizing Climatic Tipping Points” Ulrike will be at the Pardee Center till September 23