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Sustainable chemistry spinout Lixea is preparing to build a 25,000 tonne/year biomass processing plant producing commercial volumes of novel materials
proprietary ionic liquids are less harsh and more recyclable than volatile organic solvents
creating a cost-efficient and highly sustainable approach that could underpin a biomaterials economy in which everything from packaging materials to adhesives and plastics are built from biomass rather than fossil feedstocks
Biorefining isolates useful chemical components from the 2 billion tonnes of global annual waste biomass - derived mostly from rice and wheat straw
sugarcane bagasse as well as wood residue from farming
paper and furniture production. Unlocking this abundant sustainable source nonetheless remains a challenge
Component cellulose and lignin are polymers within biomass that form complex cellular networks which are difficult to break down and process in order to meet industrial requirements
said: “We’ve worked relentlessly to find ways to replace polluting
energy-intensive processes in the development of important and widespread materials
Our aim is to transform the way industry thinks about these products by offering them a competitive
we’ve made incredible progress.”
The company broke ground on their Swedish pilot-scale plant in 2021 and has worked tirelessly since to refine its technology and test production processes with customers and industry partners alike
According to CEO Krisztina Kovacs-Schreiner
their next big milestone is in development already
“We are now working towards the design and building of our commercial demonstrator plant
This will be capable of processing 25,000 tonnes of biomass a year
It lets us evaluate our process at a much bigger scale and provides customers with raw materials in the quantities they work with”
The need to produce at scale is echoed by co-founder Professor Jason Hallett
who states that “Companies that buy cellulose don’t buy it in small amounts
We need to be able to deliver tonnes at a time to satisfy their production demands.”
the Fund will support 85 projects to the tune of €4.8 billion euros
Along with the grant preparation, Lixea has been awarded the STEP Seal, recognising its contribution to the objectives of the “Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform”
this represents another incredible milestone in a journey that started in the research labs of South Kensington
Professor Jason Hallett joined Imperial College London in 2006 as postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Chemistry
An early research project saw him team up with PhD student Dr Agi Brandt Talbot to evaluate the use of ionic liquids as a means of dissolving wood chips
Professor Hallet explains: “In the chemical industries
If we don’t have a better use for something
Ionic liquids are a huge class of compounds which are much better than the most common solvents like acetate or toluene
in some cases they can be complex and very expensive
An early research task identified some ionic liquids that were suitable
A moment of serendipity led to a key discovery
when samples introduced to the ionic liquid were not dried properly
“The prevailing understanding was that you shouldn’t get ionic liquids wet
But we got much better results with this sample
And now we needed to understand what was happening
which led to further research,” said Dr Brandt-Talbot
Agi subsequently went to work for another Imperial spinout
while Jason continued to develop the research and won grant funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
looking to develop ionic liquid extraction
Agi rejoined in 2014 as postdoctoral researcher and with the founding team in place
their combined efforts led towards a viable commercial proposition
“Jason identified very early in the process that the way to make Lixea commercially viable was to find an ionic liquid that was cheap to synthesise but still highly effective.” Jason agrees that this was key: “What we ended up with was an ionic liquid that cost about 1% as much to make but performed about 85% as well
When we combined that with the work Florence carried out making the process suitable for waste biomass
it significantly changed the economics.”
the team considered licensing the technology as a commercial route
aiming to sell to established industry players
between 2014 and 2016 the global oil price dropped by around 70%
making fossil-based feedstocks much cheaper
Then a wave of early bio-economy investments failed
It was a difficult environment to try and commercialise a sustainable chemistry technology!”
I had significant prize fund winnings – and we decided we had a basis to form a company" she recalls
Lixea’s founders were able to count on colleagues for support
“When we were first pitching the idea to investors
Professor Nilay Shah helped us produce a model evaluating the economics of the idea
Combined with our lab-scale demonstrations
this was invaluable in getting people to believe our company could work.” Agi said.
Jason maintained his academic role while the company incubated within the laboratories of the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
who found herself as CEO of the nascent enterprise following her PhD studies
found inspiration in her contemporaries: “One of my close colleagues and friends
took part in some of the same accelerator programmes as I did
Her attitude of getting out there and trying to make things happen was infectious – I realised I could do the same.”
Lixea’s journey is testament to hard work
Its multinational team has taken a little-known niche technology through exhaustive rounds of funding to a working pilot plant proving laboratory results at scale
Now the company is planning to build its commercial demonstrator to produce material in industrial quantities
reclaiming the site of a former oil refinery in Central Europe
Lixea will turn a defunct polluting enterprise in a quiet corner of Europe into a green
sustainable centre of sustainable excellence providing secure well-paid employment for the locality and beyond
“Where next is a good question,” says Krisztina Kovacs-Schreiner
who has guided the company through recent tumultuous times that included the pandemic
political challenges to the sustainability agenda and global financial difficulties
“Lixea is seeking investment to help us build our demonstrator plant
We’ve identified a site thatwas formerly used to refine oil
and there’s a nice symmetry in acquiring it for use in the bioeconomy instead
we can prove our approach works cost effectively at scale while saving thousands of tonnes of carbon emissions.”
who is still closely involved with Lixea as scientific adviser
it is both the end and the beginning of a journey
“I have built my academic career around ionic liquids and using them as an extraction solvent
Proving through Lixea that a process we observed in the lab more than fifteen years ago can work at scale in a commercial context is incredibly exciting
But there’s much more still to come from ionic liquids.”
Professor Sandro Macchietto
Director of Enterprise in the Department of Chemical Engineering
said: "Lixea's platform technology is succeeding commercially in an area littered with many failed attempts
It has demonstrated the ability to make sustainably
economically and at scale a huge variety of products currently produced from fossil feedstocks.
"Their story shows that taking a new high-tech process from lab to market is particularly challenging, taking time, capital and true entrepreneurial grit. To support the journey, we have given Lixea visibility and exposure to investors through our pioneering ChemEng Enterprise initiative
Lixea represents a great example and model for the long list of other exciting deep-tech companies that have recently spun out and the dozen in the pipeline from the department
Congratulations and best wishes to Krisztina and co-founders
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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Professor Philip Gschwend presented on environmental topics to approximately 75 MIT alumni in Mashpee
a signature of those who have been MIT alumni for at least 50 years
Attendees also included members of the Cardinal and Gray Society and the Emma Rogers Society
whose purpose is to gather together periodically to socialize and engage in intellectual conversations
The air was filled with comradery and laughter — a clear sign that this group was not new to each others’ company
welcomed everyone and recognized those who made special efforts to attend
the Ford Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and director of the Ralph M
Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering
who spoke on the topic: “Environmental Pollution: Do Our Remedial Solutions Solve the Problems?”
Gschwend encouraged the group to ask questions throughout his presentation
and the attendees responses showed they were engaged
we try to come up with solutions,” said Gschwend
often the best thing you can do is to first step back and consider if the perceived cause of a problem is the right thing to correct
That’s the important question with which I think we have to start
but that’s often not how we proceed to address unhealthy environmental situations now.”
Gschwend then brought the audience back to California in the 1960s
He showed photos with smog covering up views of the mountains
He described how there was a very high toxic concentration of ozone then that paired with the already existing smog
Gschwend repeated what environmentalists said back then
“We know what the problem is — we can see it
It must have to do with the exhaust coming out of cars
the hydrocarbon fuels that did not get burned in the engines.” The thinking of that day was the solution would be to just add a device to tailpipes to remove the hydrocarbons and the smog and ozone would disappear
Gschwend explained that this solution was insufficient
because it was discovered that it is not only hydrocarbon emissions causing the high concentration of ozone
when the chemistry of this air-pollution problem was really understood much better
which finally helped reduced the ozone pollution
as opposed to saying immediately 'I know what that is,' and trying to fix it
and you waste a lot of time and resources.”
Gschwend then talked about the phosphorus pollution in Lake Erie and how people originally believed it stemmed only from laundry detergent
But a ban on phosphorus in detergent did not solve the problem
He explained that again this solution was over-simplified in that the phosphorus use in agriculture was neglected and was increasingly leaching into the lake
and hit home his point that such environmental problems need to be thought of as systems
His talk then transitioned into environmental issues caused by chemical spillage of substances like DDT from commercial use
Gschwend says that while he is a geochemist and an environmental chemist
he is not opposed to the use of freons and DDTs
He says they do great things to solve technical problems and are economically useful
DDT certainly helped in the fight against malaria
is that the chemicals are used without proper attention to the “potential unintended consequences of their production
Gschwend went through various examples of chemical spills occurring and companies’ trying to fix a singular problem
when what was really needed was to plan and implement a total systems solution as a chemical/material product’s use was initially being implemented
“Why aren’t companies doing anything to prepare for the spills ahead of time?” He emphasized
“who isn’t ready to clean up spilled milk in the kitchen
alumni and guests repeatedly offered their opinions and feedback
to inquisitive questions about local environmental issues
it was clear the audience related to Gschwend’s key message: complex problems should include a broad analysis and understanding of causes and issues
as people continue to affect the environment
and changes in the environment in turn impact people
real solutions to problems often require a larger-scale systems approach
And this thinking should be developed at the outset of producing/using chemicals and materials.
President and webmaster of the class of 1956
and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering alumnus
Ralph Kohl said he “very much enjoyed” the day
and found Gschwend to be “very lively,” adding “I can only imagine what his exams would be like!”
This website is managed by the MIT News Office, part of the Institute Office of Communications
Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue
Ralfonso Gschwend doesn’t really sound like an artist — moreover
is down-to-earth and about as congenial as it gets
joking about having a cup of coffee or glass of wine after-hours during the Art of Sustainability
19-21 at Eastern Florida State College in Palm Bay
and not because he is one of its featured sculptors and speakers
is that it features art where everyone and anyone can see it
and that is the way to get people interested and inspired
“I have done art for public places for the last 16 years,” the Swiss-born Gschwend
“It is so important that art becomes accessible.”
Gschwend’s art was featured in the United Arab Emirates
thanks to his talent and their striking nature: interactive with their environment — “It sounds like a cliché
but that’s the only way to describe it,” — wind
“I have been doing kinetic art and design for a really long time (since 1980) but my sculptures kind of came into the public eye about 16 years ago," he added
Not long after Gschwend’s sculptures drew attention
he banded with fellow artists from the U.S
and Germany to co-found the Kinetic Art Organization
It has more than 1,000 members from 60 countries
Its point is his point: Let as many people as possible see kinetic art and they may just understand and like it
because it is art with a purpose: Behind the shiny squares or whirling blades of a kinetic sculpture may be panels or movement that bring solar power or energy to people nearby
Electricity used in conjunction with movement may change the very perception of the piece
Gschwend does not head off into a discussion of ephemera or out-there philosophy
he is a graduate of the University of Southern California
has an MBA from Wharton School of Finance and worked in real estate near San Francisco
He says he got into kinetic art because he has a passion for things mechanical as well as artistic
his studio is located in an old building in downtown West Palm Beach
which he would love to see revived as other such areas have been
He is excited about coming to Palm Bay because before agreeing to participate in the Art of Sustainability
he did not realize how much art figures into life in Brevard
performing arts venues and the Brevard Cultural Alliance’s thriving "art in public places" program
Friday about making art move and moving people with art
“Kinetic art must be interesting to the viewer and be energy-positive,” he said
and the latter can be interpreted in more ways than one
Follow Lyn on Twitter: @lyn_dowling
Info: Call Brevard Cultural Alliance at 321-690-6817 or visit theartofsustainability.org. For more on Ralfonso Gschwend, visit ralfonso.com. Send a Tweet to @artofsustain
19 and 20: Art of Sustainability symposium with speakers
20 and 21: Family fun days with environmental exhibits
10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Feb. 20: Keith Winsten, Patricia Watts, FLORIDA TODAY environmental reporter Jim Waymer
19-March 18: Art of Sustainaility kinetic sculpture exhibition at EFSC in Palm Bay
1:30 to 2:30 p.m. Feb. 21:FLORIDA TODAY's Executive Editor Bob Gabordi will host a Sustainability Walk at EFSC in Palm Bay. The 4-mile walk will be around the kinetic art displays and near the waterways and grasslands of the campus. To sign up, visit on.flatoday.com/artwalk
today announced new ownership of its Lake Zurich location
Head trainer Kelly Gshwend will take the reins and oversee all aspects of the Lake Zurich studio
Kelly left the corporate world in the Fall of 2019 to join the team at Cross Kicks Fitness as the head trainer in Lake Zurich
Kelly is NASM-CPT certified and is licensed to teach Les Mills Bodypump
HIIT workouts like Tabata and even aqua classes
then began taking group fitness classes and realized that I was passionate about them
I knew I wanted to be up there leading the charge," said Kelly
Kelly began teaching classes at Gold's Gym in Central Illinois on evenings after work and on the weekends
"I realized that I needed MORE…more energy
more of a like-minded community of people looking for health and fitness advancement," said Kelly
"I fell in love with the industry - and with Cross Kicks Fitness - and found my calling as a fitness club owner
I am very excited to bring functional strength and conditioning training
as well as nutritional guidance to our members."
Cross Kicks Fitness entered the market space with a cutting-edge concept
It has all of the latest fitness modalities including functional cross training
With no class times and a dedicated trainer leading the workouts
Cross Kicks Fitness has gained quick popularity in Lake Zurich and surrounding communities
"Kelly is a perfect fit for our model at Cross Kicks Fitness
She is motivated and driven to do great things," said Tony Wuebker
"We have already seen amazing things from her as a Club Manager and Head Trainer
The members and staff will continue to be enlightened with her leadership and forward progress."
Cross Kicks Fitness Lake Zurich is hosting a "Get Up and Go Challenge" to help members get ready for summer
The special offer and challenge will include:
• An unlimited 14-day membership with built-in incentives
• A participation card that can be redeemed for a $50 credit once participants complete 5+ check-in's
• A FREE pair of Cross Kicks Fitness-branded boxing gloves (a $35 value)
"Summer is right around the corner and now is the best time to test-drive our workout regimens
learn more about our community and culture and understand what drives our members to achieve such amazing results
We cater to all fitness levels and abilities and we love to help our members stay committed
Come in and see what we're all about," concluded Kelly
The special package can be bought now and redeemed within 30 days. To sign up for the "Get Up and Go" promotion visit http://bit.ly/getupandgoLZ. For more information on Cross Kicks Fitness, visit https://crosskicksfitness.com
CLARKSVILLE -- A Johnson County woman says Clarksville police used unnecessary force when they arrested her mentally ill son in June
Tom Sissom has worked at newspapers in Pine Bluff
Little Rock and Northwest Arkansas for more than 40 years
Beginning as a police beat reporter in Pine Bluff
and city and county governments in addition to dabbling in coverage of agriculture
a columnist and city editor and an editorial page editor
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errors or omissions therefrom or in the transmission or delivery of all or any part thereof or for any damages arising from any of the foregoing
Reducing our reliance on fossil fuels is essential in order to tackle the climate crisis
but this involves more than just increasing the share of renewable energy
Reliable alternatives need to be found for petroleum-based products
which is what chemical processing company Lixea is doing by turning wood waste into biochemicals
about the new process and the company’s journey from spin-out to building a pilot facility
is a spin-out from Imperial College London
and was set up by Gschwend along with Jason Hallett
Scientific and Technical Advisor and Co-Founder
The idea for Lixea began with Brandt’s PhD project at Imperial
which involved research on using ionic liquids as a solvent to process biomass
Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at around room temperature and have traditionally been very expensive
They have the advantage of having a low vapour pressure which makes them safe to handle in an open atmosphere and also means they have no harmful emissions
Brandt developed the process using a low-cost ionic liquid and filed two patents for the process together with her supervisors and colleague
Gschwend started her PhD at Imperial in 2013
focussing on using waste wood as a feedstock and how to make the process more economical
Gschwend and her supervisors alongside Brandt also filed a patent on the new process
but no large company was willing to take a licence for the technology
prompting the team to look into developing and marketing the new chemical process themselves
gaining insight into the potential market for the technology
they were able to form Lixea as a spin-out in June 2017
just as Gschwend finished her PhD and moved into full-time employment at the company
Gschwend was named in Forbes 30 Under 30 in science and healthcare
and in 2019 she won the Young Researcher Award at the IChemE Global Awards
Using biomass as a feedstock can reduce the CO2 emissions associated with making a product
but the feedstock needs to be carefully considered so that there is no impact from land use changes and that production of the feedstock doesn’t compete with food production
Lignocellulose is the material that makes up cell walls in woody plants such as trees and shrubs
and it is the most abundant plant material in the world
It is not utilised for food production and is a waste product from several industries
“We can work with quite a few different input materials from the construction and demolition industry,” explains Gschwend
“At the moment industries have to pay for the disposal of the wood and we can potentially capture it at a lower cost which also makes it more viable at a smaller scale
the UK produces around 5m t of waste wood every year
We’re looking at plant sizes of around 60,000 t that we’d have to capture so we’d have to capture around 1% of UK waste wood in one plant.”
Lignocellulose is comprised of three biopolymers: cellulose
but also a variety of other products,” says Gschwend
The lignin can be used to replace some common petrochemicals
or it can be spun into carbon fibres or it can converted to a biodiesel drop in.”
Lixea’s BioFlex process is a pretreatment technology for the lignocellulose biomass and can be used with almost any type of woody material
The ionic liquid separates the different components of the lignocellulose
while also allowing byproducts such as furfural and acetic acid to be recovered
which can be used in the chemical industry
“In order to make anything from those different components it’s important to separate them from each other
So in our process we cook the wood in the ionic liquid and that results in the dissolution of the lignin and the hemicellulose so what is left behind is cellulose which is a fibrous pulp,” says Gschwend
The cellulose is removed by filtering it out
leaving behind a liquid containing the ionic liquid
which undergoes chemical transformation into small molecules
Adding water to that solution precipitates the lignin out
The diluted ionic liquid then undergoes an evaporation step
and at this point the small molecules produced from hemicellulose such as furfural can be isolated
The ionic liquid can then be recycled for the next batch
The development of the new process was not without its challenges
“Because it’s a new process and it uses a new type of solvent that is not commonly used in industry yet
there was quite a bit of educating needed from our side,” says Gschwend
They had to perform an extensive corrosion study to understand the limits of materials used in construction of the BioFlex technology
“The requirements of the material of construction are different which has made it quite difficult for us to use existing equipment so we had to first of all test the material would be compatible with ours.”
obtaining funding for an emerging technology was difficult
especially as investors are unlikely to take risks at early stages
Lixea has now received €2.3m (US$2.5m) through the European Innovation Council‘s Accelerator programme
which will be a game changer for the company and allow them to move forward with their technology
“That is really a huge relief for us,” says Gschwend
“First of all it will allow us to grow the team and it will allow us to build our pilot facility which is a huge milestone in terms of technological development.”
Currently Lixea is operating at a large lab scale and is designing a pilot plant
which is due to be operational in 18 months
When it is possible to produce larger quantities of cellulose and lignin
they also plan to assess the possibility of new products that can be made from the wood waste
Lixea aims to develop the technology so that it can be sold as process design packages to a wide variety of companies in the biorefinery sector to produce their products
Partially retrofitting the technology would be technically feasible for some facilities such as paper mills as they already filter cellulose during the production of paper
the ionic liquid has different properties to chemicals currently used
meaning that construction materials would need to be different
The bioeconomy is still small compared to the fossil fuel industry and it will take a lot of work – both in terms of developing technology and implementing policies – in order for it to grow at a rate where it can compete with petrochemicals
“I think quite a lot of things have to happen for that to become reality,” says Gschwend
Renewable fuels are subsidised in some places
but that will need to be expanded to other materials such as bioplastics
“The petroleum-based industry has a huge advantage in terms of how long it’s been around and how much time to optimise
but the petroleum-based industry wasn’t as efficient from day one
I think because of that we also need to acknowledge that the bio-based industry will be subsidised at the beginning to level the playing field a bit
This has to go beyond just energy and fuel; it has to also extend to chemical feedstocks and materials like plastics or even clothing fibres
I think as there’s more development around the bio-based industry it will become more efficient.”
Article by Amanda Doyle
Capturing CO2 with C-Capture
Waste to jet fuels project set for take off
Powering the future: the lithium battery that doesn’t get thrown away
Pyrolysis Gets Personal
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Dr Florence Gschwend receiving her award at the ceremony hosted by actor Warwick Davis
Dr Florence Gschwend received the IChemE Young Researcher Award at a ceremony in Hull
Each year the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) celebrate the best in chemical
process and biochemical engineering with their Global Awards
co-founder and CEO of Imperial spin-out company Chrysalix Technologies
was awarded this year’s Young Researcher Award which recognises “the individual who best demonstrates the impact of their research in helping to address important economic
Chrysalix Technologies has commercialised the BioFlex Process which enables unwanted waste wood to be used for the production of renewable chemicals
Dr Gschwend and the company have been previously recognised with awards including the Forbes 30 Under 30 Awards and Royal Academy of Engineering Enterprise Fellowship
IChemE President Ken Rivers said: “Our profession has always shown incredible passion
chemical engineers are constantly striving for better products
and more environmentally friendly solutions
“The Global Awards has always managed to distil the best of chemical engineering into one glorious evening
“Congratulations to all the winners.”
Watch Dr Gschwend talking about her work and Chrysalix Technologies in the video below, or visit the company's website
We meet the people who plan to change the world with green chemistry
Words: Becky Allen | Photography: Sophia Spring | Styling: Vicky Lees
which turns waste wood into valuable raw materials
From farming and pharmaceuticals to transport and communications
But it is also an industry that is too often dirty
When Dr Florence Gschwend (MRes Chemistry 2013
PhD Chemical Engineering 2017) arrived at Imperial
she knew she wanted to use her science for sustainability
But she never anticipated inventing a new process – BioFlex – that could “transform today’s waste into tomorrow’s raw materials”
around 100 million tonnes of waste wood go unrecycled every year – a major economic loss and an untapped resource
BioFlex turns waste wood that would otherwise go to landfill into valuable raw materials that can be made into new plastics
It means that, in the future, BioFlex could be used in anything from biodegradable plastic cups to flat-pack furniture and paints. The process was developed by new spinout company Chrysalix Technologies, founded by Gschwend (now a Research Associate at the Department of Chemical Engineering) with colleagues Dr Jason Hallett and Dr Agnieszka Brandt-Talbot (PhD Life Sciences 2011)
“Decarbonising the world’s economy means more than ditching fossil fuels in favour of renewables like solar and wind energy,” explains Gschwend
“We need huge quantities of raw materials to produce everyday items and much of this still comes from a barrel of oil
“Our two innovations are using a cheap solvent and a cheap raw material
The added benefit of using our solvent is that it can extract the heavy metals used as wood preservers
and which remain one of the main barriers to its recycling.”
And because the BioFlex process uses no sulphur
the output materials it generates are free from the rotten-egg smell that prevents the paper industry doing anything useful with its major by-product
But what makes BioFlex so special is that it works with any plant material
“Plants are made of varying proportions of cellulose
but our process works regardless of which plant species you use,” says Gschwend
but it could be applied equally well to agricultural residues or invasive species.”
Forget gold and platinum: the precious metal we should all be talking about is palladium
a silvery metal used in catalytic converters for many of the 1.2 billion vehicles on the road
an awful lot of it ends up on the (literal) scrapheap
Dr James Wilton-Ely (Chemistry 1994
Reader in Inorganic Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry
wants to find new ways of recycling these and other extraordinarily useful metals
not least because they are globally scarce and costly to extract
local communities and the environment – and palladium mining is no different – so instead of more mining
we need to reuse more of this precious metal,” he says
recycling palladium from old catalytic converters to make new ones is too expensive
But together with Professor Angela Serpe at the University of Cagliari
Wilton-Ely has developed new ways of reusing this palladium for catalysts in other industries
Serpe and her colleagues have pioneered a new process capable of separating old catalytic converters into palladium compounds
Rather than using huge amounts of energy to reduce palladium back to the metal
the process uses mild chemicals and small amounts of energy to yield palladium in molecular form
Wilton-Ely’s idea was to find new ways to reuse these valuable compounds
He’s already discovered that they can be used as catalysts in pharmaceutical research
they perform just as well as existing catalysts – with the added benefit that the palladium is recycled
Wilton-Ely has extended his work into the myriad reactions based on palladium
“It’s probably the most catalytic of metals
so it’s widely used in lots of applications
we’ve applied it to lots of routine and industrially important processes that make large quantities of chemical products,” he says
but in future Angela’s methods could be widely used in industry – and our research will be ready to be rapidly adopted on an industrial scale.”
Dr James Wilton-Ely is finding new ways to reuse precious metals such as palladium
think carefully about what may have gone into it – every day
millions of people globally are exposed to toxic
manmade chemicals called per- or polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Seeing first-hand how industrial chemicals like PFAS have polluted natural environments was part of what motivated Henrik Hagemann (MEng Bioengineering 2015) to find better ways of removing micropollutants from wastewater
“Travelling through very low-income parts of the world made me want to reduce the impact these chemicals have by tackling the problem at source,” he says
Together with Gabi Santosa (Life Sciences 2016)
Amanda You (PhD Materials 2016) and Shayne Petkiewicz (MSc Chemical Engineering 2016)
Hagemann has developed a new way of selectively removing PFAS and other pollutants from wastewater
Their invention is based on simple cellulose
it is the most abundant natural polymer in the world
By processing the cellulose and using supramolecular chemistry – how compounds or building blocks are held together by intramolecular bonds – they can produce porous
non-biodegradable granules that can be tailor-made to mop up specific pollutants
non-wetting and look a bit like sand,” explains Hagemann
“Compared with the activated carbon that’s currently widely used
our materials are novel because not only can they be targeted
so you can reuse our granules on site with a simple non-hazardous liquid wash.”
The end result is a system that is more effective
produces less downstream waste and is much less expensive
“We’re targeting chemicals that are so persistent that in some cases people currently incinerate water to deal with the problem
When you compare using our cellulose-based granules with burning water at 1,100°C
you get an idea of the difference we can make.”
taken your clothes to a dry cleaner or simply made a cup of tea
you’ll have come into contact with solvents
But these essential liquids are often hazardous to health and the environment
and we urgently need to find greener alternatives
chemists have wondered whether ionic liquids – salts that are liquid at room temperature and capable of dissolving almost anything – could be the answer
Despite being hailed as ‘designer solvents’
tailor made for a specific purpose by varying their ions
the chemistry of ionic liquids was far more complex
“When I started studying them in 1985, you could put everyone working on ionic liquids in one small room. I know that because it happened – and there were about 30 of us,” says Professor Tom Welton
“Now there are thousands of researchers in a field that’s become very large and hugely exciting.”
What most excites Welton isn’t just that our theories still cannot adequately explain how ionic liquids behave
but that his discoveries have so many potentially world-changing applications
we are finding out how ionic liquids actually behave
Knowing that means that we can manipulate them to achieve a desired outcome,” he explains
Welton is working on real-world applications for ionic liquids alongside his research
such as solutions to the challenges of recycling textiles (it’s currently impossible to recycle polycotton mixtures) and ways of using ionic liquids to dissolve wood
which could open up totally new ways of producing biofuels
Something like making biology-based replacements for the oil refinery without using plant foods – now that would have massive global implications.”
Imperial is the magazine for the Imperial community
insight and context from – and on – the College’s engineers
as well as stories about student life and alumni experiences
This story was published originally in Imperial/45: Winter 2018–19
and her new classmates at the Hawaii Job Corps Center on March 16
who completed the culinary program in Hawaii and is continuing her education in San Francisco
plans to return to Guam to open a food truck specializing in burgers
takes a selfie with a couple of colleagues at the Advanced Culinary Training at the Treasure Island Job Corps Center in San Francisco on Feb
He did live in Guam for several years and attended Simon Sanchez High School for about two years
Gschwend started the program in October 2019
FAMILIAR FACES: Southern High School graduates Kaila Chargulauf and Anastasia Gschwend both attended classes at the Hawaii Job Corps Center
who is now taking advanced culinary training with the Job Corps center in San Francisco
said the program has been an immense help in helping her get closer to realizing her dream of owning her own business
Anastasia Gschwend would have completed her advanced culinary training at the Treasure Island Job Corps Center in San Francisco
The Santa Rita daughter hopes to return to Guam and open a food truck
I’m thinking of doing burgers - beef patty
poultry and a vegan burger,” Gschwend said
She’s one of many young Guam residents who participated in the Job Corps
taking the first step with the corps center in Hawaii
The trades program offers career technical skills training in 10 industry sectors: advanced manufacturing
The Job Corps also offers - at no cost - housing
a living allowance and career transition assistance
according to the Department of Labor-funded program
who graduated from Southern High School in 2017 and aspired to attend culinary school
the program allowed her access to educational opportunities she couldn’t afford
A friend of the family told her mom about the Job Corps and she was able to join in 2019
on my shoulders because culinary school is very expensive,” Gschwend said
provided the education and also covered the cost of room and board
she was able to get through the nearly two years of the basic culinary program in Hawaii
After graduating from the Job Corps in Hawaii
coaches helped connect her with the advanced culinary program
“The Job Corps definitely helped (with) a whole bunch of finances
we also get free food and a place to say,” she said
“And afterwards they try to help us find jobs and even housing
so it helps you … when you’re trying to ‘adult.'”
said Gschwend “was motivated to learn and rose to become a leader in the kitchen.”
the Federated States of Micronesia and other Pacific islands
they have 68 students on campus or in virtual learning status
three are from Palau and five are from the Federated States of Micronesia
“Many students from Guam and the surrounding Pacific islands have incredible success after graduating from Hawaii Job Corps,” said Ellen May
“I’ve dedicated over the last two decades of my career to this program because Job Corps changes lives
and our team is the driving force behind the countless success stories.”
said the local agency has worked with the team in Hawaii and has encouraged Guam youth to attend to consider the Job Corps as an option to find their way after high school
Dell’Isola said two high school classes have graduated during the pandemic and a third is coming up
This means students are graduating and competing with more seasoned and experienced people who’ve been laid off or furloughed from their pre-COVID-19 jobs and are looking for opportunities
He said Guam DOL continues to offer other programs to the island’s youth in partnership with government agencies and private sector entities
They’ve partnered with Guam Community College and local employers on boot camps; they offer internship training and summer working programs for high school students
“And the Hawaii Job Corps is just a part of that pie of the wrap-around services we are trying to offer,” he said
Dell’Isola said the Job Corps offers a number of advantages over local programs
including the opportunity to see and experience someplace new
removes all the barriers that many young people face when trying to figure out their next step
Job Corps students live in dorms on the Job Corps campus so transportation isn’t an issue
“If they’re qualified they’re given everything they need to succeed: health care
The biggest problem we have with these kids that go through this program is they get homesick.”
He said the program also places students in a positive environment where they get coaching and support
“They have everything they need to succeed
they align with us and we give them the extra help they need,” he said
"It’s a great program and a great opportunity for those willing to take the step.”
Hawaii Job Corps Center business community and outreach manager
said the Job Corps program uses an online career planning system called My Pathway to Achieving Career Excellence
that helps students take ownership of their future by setting and tracking their own career pathway plan
a team of career specialists helps prepare graduates to secure employment
and join the military or an apprenticeship program
They also provide job retention support for 12 months after graduation
The Waimanalo site on Oahu can accommodate 211 young adults and the Maui site can accommodate 128
The year-round program enrolls new students monthly and applications are accepted throughout the year
“COVID-19 did impact the program initially,” she said
We have returned to in-person training and are actively accepting new applications.”
Poll results are published every Monday in The Guam Daily Post
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A local mother worries for her son who is a sailor on the USS Theodore Roosevelt and she says hateful comments about the ship have hit close to home for her
Kristina Gschwend followed the news about COVID-19 cases aboard the Roosevelt very closely - her son Jose Luis is a sailor on the ship
she says she heard three sailors tested positive
"I started to really worry yesterday he called me - telephone call - and said they're on their way back
They will be quarantined here at Naval Base Guam
So basically he is not here," she told KUAM News
Gschwend said she has been hurt by social media and real life comments about the Roosevelt coming to Guam
More than 20 sailors on the ship are from Guam
"One stupid idiot said they 'Hope they die'
That's my son that you just wished that on
Remember that they are children of this island on that ship
because they're hurtful. Keep them in your prayers," she pleaded
dirty comments and I'm just like how can you be so hateful? They protect us
She said she has mixed emotions about the rapidly-evolving situation
"I understand where people are coming from...they're fear
these guys need to go somewhere," said the parent
their quarantine is we're locking you in a room and you're not coming out until the 14 days is done
We'll check your temperature and we'll make sure you're feeling well
we're going to house you in another place where you're isolated."
Gschwend said it wasn't said whether sailors would be quarantined on the carrier or on Naval Base Guam
but Pentagon officials have aid in national media reports the sailors will not be allowed to leave pier-side
We asked her if she is worried about her son contracting COVID-19 since it could easily be spread in the close confines of an aircraft carrier
"I'm worried as a mother would be
but I'm confident that he is healthy and even if he did test positive
Dr Agi Brandt-Talbot and Dr Florence Gschwend of Chrysalix Technologies
Scientific American names Imperial spin-out Chrysalix Technologies a “world-changing technology”
Each year a steering group of leading technology experts is engaged by Scientific American to identify significant emerging technologies. This year Chrysalix Technologies was named as a major disrupter in the field of bioplastics for their work on separating plant components to develop more sustainable plastics using waste materials
Founded in 2017 by Dr Florence Gschwend and Professor Jason Hallett from the Department of Chemical Engineering
and Dr Agi Brandt-Talbot from the Department of Chemistry
Chrysalix Technologies are trailblazers in the movement to tackle society’s over-reliance on oil-derived plastic
and the resulting damage to our environment and health
Their goal is to support sustainability and move away from a reliance on using crude oil in single-use products which are discarded at the end of their lives by enabling a “circular” bio-economy in which plastic are made from waste plant matter and can more easily be recycled and reused
Cellulose and lignin are key to this transformation
They are found in a range of non-food plants and already used in several applications including the production of paper
Their strength and structure give plants their shape
and it’s for this reason they are useful as an alternative “plastic material”
the processes currently used to isolate them are expensive
Dr Agi Brandt-Talbot explained: "Access to low cost
high quality lignin and cellulose is a key bottleneck for the sustainable biobased chemical industry
but our technology has the potential to fundamentally change this."
Chrysalix has developed a low-cost ionic liquid
which is used to separate cellulose and lignin from biomaterials such as wood
to address this issue and enable the production of bioplastics on a larger scale
Professor Jason Hallett commented: "Our aim has always been to make a difference in the world and to realise impacts from our research through translation – this is the only way to make inroads toward defeating persistent environmental problems like plastic pollution and metal contamination. We’re very excited to be recognised by such a widely-read science magazine
and having our work highlighted to the general scientific community like this is both humbling and motivating."
Dr Florence Gschwend added: "Being named as a world-changing technology by such a prestigious science magazine is a great honour
We strive for actual benefits for all of society and spreading the word about the many potential solutions to our environmental problems to the wider public is pivotal."
You can find out more about Chrysalix Technologies on their website
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