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WI passed away at Oakridge Gardens Nursing Home. 
Daughter of the late George and Josephine (Kiley) Tennie
She loved going on road trips with her husband going to Florida
and Washington taking her young children with them
She was preceded in death by her brothers (George Tennie
sisters (Josephine (Van Ryte) and Irene (Fassbender)) and her husband Don Herzberg
Veronica is survived by her children (Mark and Brian). 
The funeral will be held on Monday February 3rd at 11 AM at Wichmann Funeral Home (1592 Oneida St
Burial will be held at Highland Memorial Park
The family would like to thank all those who loved and cared for Veronica. 
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<a href="/tribute/all-services/index.html" data-cke-saved-href="/tribute/all-services/index.html">Obituaries</a>
Carter-Ricks Funeral Homes3838 East Highway 47 P.O
Hospital allegedly “demonstrated an inability to correct numerous deficiencies”
The defendant allegedly displayed a gun and pistol-whipped a 17-year-old boy
Banks sent out his analysis of the evidence and the law in a memo Friday morning
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A freshly minted state lawmaker is looking to hold on to his Wayne County seat in the 25th House District in the Aug
where he faces two opponents from a January special election and two other challengers
a Democrat from Westland who won his seat in an April special election
faces four challengers for a November election against Republican Josh Powell — Layla Taha
Herzberg won the special Democratic primary in January with 36% of the vote
6 Democratic primary is heavily favored to win in the Democratic-leaning Wayne County district
which includes Westland and parts of Canton Township
told The Detroit News that after a few months in the job
he's settled into the role and is ready to come back for more
"The biggest issue for our district is really securing money from the state for local projects
parks and recreation and more," Herzberg said
we see that they have issues getting that funding
I had a good transition team with the previous state representative (Herzberg's cousin
and now we're fortunate to be off to a good start."
Herzberg, whose background is in accounting, said he had a lot of goals for the next legislative session. He said he wants to get environmental bills passed, including one that would <a href=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2024/02/08/michigan-gretchen-whitmer-floats-big-hike-in-landfill-tipping-fees-to-curb-out-of-state-canada-trash/72514371007/>raise the cost of depositing a ton of trash in a landfill</a> to be more in line with Canada and surrounding states
It's an attempt to discourage outside communities from transporting their garbage to Michigan
Herzberg noted his experience and endorsements
saying he was the youngest person elected to the Westland City Council when he served there
He also touts endorsements from several mayors and a "close relationship" with the teacher's union
He also hopes to work to hold DTE Energy responsible for power outages that have plagued the district
both by improving the grid and better addressing outages
One of Herzberg's opponents is 31-year-old Layla Taha
who works as a communications director for U.S
Taha has a background in health policy and said she felt moved to run so she could do more to address the concerns she and others have
She said she's been surprised when knocking doors around Wayne and Westland just how many people support universal health care as she does
"As long as we continue with our current health care system
who called herself "a big proponent of universal health care."
Taha recognizes that universal health care in Michigan would be a lofty
she wants to address other elements of the state's health policy
including staffing requirements for nursing homes
make it difficult to maintain the level of care people actually need
She would also support local efforts to unionize workers in many care homes
Taha said she also wants to address power outages
adding that one of the biggest complaints she's heard when talking to voters is their frustrations with DTE
"People are tired of their rates going up and their power going out," Taha said
"The state Legislature has the ability to do more to push DTE to actually provide the service they're being paid to provide
she said she would push for steeper fines for power outages
including a potential option for reimbursement for each hour a customer is without power rather than each day
Michiganians are eligible for $38 credits if they lose power for 16 to 96 hours
They're also eligible for an additional $38 for each day after that an outage continues
but Taha said that barely covers the cost of groceries that need to be replaced
She also wants to see DTE spend more money on new transformers
burying power lines so they're less susceptible to weather and trimming trees
"DTE is one of the biggest lobbyists in Lansing," Taha said
"They shouldn't be able to have the hold they do over Lansing."
calling him a "great guy." She said she's running largely to make sure Democrats can hold on to the seat in the state House
where Democrats hold a narrow 56-54 advantage
Hines said she's been working in the community for more than 20 years
She's been working as a grassroots organizer for years
coming up in the same circles as several current legislators
she wants to focus on affordable housing as well as securing better-paying jobs
"I know so many people who are working regular jobs
and you're making $35,000 or $40,000 (a year)
The district needs a focus on economic development and quality education
Skilled trades have been her focus for years
"I'm a regular person who has gone through regular situations
and I understand what it's like to be the little man," Hines said
who is a program coordinator for the Wayne County Department of Health
wants to use her experience in business and community service to make changes in Lansing
Political unrest during 2020 pushed Maxwell to become involved in her community
she has been appointed to the Municipal Bureau board
elected vice president on the Westland Housing Commission Board and served as chair for Veterans Services and Military Affairs
program leadership and Master of Business Administration (degree) in strategic leadership would be an asset in Lansing
I plan to bring fresh energy to State government," Maxwell said in an email to The News
Maxwell said she will focus on enhancing education policy
said he is out of work but could see the Legislature becoming his "career job." State representatives make $71,685 a year
I will take the job," Kourouma told The News
There are no big problems in the 25th District
adding that he wasn't looking to change anything
Hebrew University proudly congratulates Evyatar Cohen and Tamir Herzberg on their remarkable achievement of winning the prestigious Figgie Award for Excellence in Design at the Boston Festival of Indie Games
This award celebrates the best in game design
has captivated players with its unique concept and engaging gameplay
Hebrew University is also thrilled to recognize that Breaking News was a finalist for the Excellence in Visual Art and Best Student Game awards
further highlighting the brilliance of this project
About Breaking News&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Kd03jY79uI" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Kd03jY79uI</a>
Breaking News draws inspiration from the nostalgic act of smacking a glitchy TV screen to fix the picture
But in this chaotic and immersive interactive adventure
hitting the TV doesn&rsquo;t just restore the picture &mdash; it transforms reality itself
Players channel surf through iconic TV scenes
from saving a toppling monument to controlling the weather
unpredictable and often hilarious consequences arise
the game features an alternative controller (alt.ctrl) version
where an old CRT TV is transformed into the ultimate interactive controller
Designed by Danil Bialo and developed by Evyatar Cohen and Tamir Herzberg
Breaking News pushes the boundaries of creative game design
Dean of the Selim and Rachel Benin Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Hebrew University:&nbsp;&ldquo;We are immensely proud of Evyatar Cohen and Tamir Herzberg for their groundbreaking achievement in winning the Figgie Award for Excellence in Design
exemplifies the innovative spirit and interdisciplinary creativity that Hebrew University fosters
they have created an experience that resonates with players while addressing critical global issues
This success also highlights the significance of our unique minor in computer gaming
offered in collaboration with the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design
The program provides students with the opportunity to explore the intersection of technology and art
fostering innovation through a multidisciplinary approach
It is this pioneering initiative that enables projects like Breaking News to come to life
equipping students with the skills and inspiration to lead the future of the gaming industry
This recognition is a testament to their talent
and the strength of our collaborative academic programs
We look forward to seeing their future contributions to the world of gaming and beyond.&rdquo;
Breaking News began as a graduation project at the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in August 2024
The game is the result of a collaboration between designer Danil Bialo and developers Evyatar Cohen and Tamir Herzberg
This dynamic team is committed to creating unique and innovative gaming experiences
with Breaking News marking an exciting milestone in their journey as indie game developers
The team also won the Bezalel Meisler Prize for 2024
This prestigious prize is awarded to exceptional final projects from all departments at Bezalel
Game Design:&nbsp;The channel-surfing mechanic introduces fast-paced and unpredictable gameplay
the game offers a wide variety of challenges across different channels
Visual Arts:&nbsp;Breaking News blends 90s television aesthetics with a modern
The combination of 2D mini-games on the TV screen and a 3D-rendered virtual room creates an immersive
Narrative: Each channel presents a mini-story with unexpected twists and critical commentary on climate change
The game culminates in a thought-provoking conclusion
emphasizing humanity&rsquo;s impact on the planet
Hebrew University celebrates the achievements of its talented students and alumni
whose creativity and passion contribute to advancements across disciplines
The success of Breaking News reflects the University&rsquo;s dedication to fostering an environment where innovation thrives
&nbsp;Congratulations to Evyatar Cohen and Tamir Herzberg for their outstanding accomplishments &mdash; a shining example of excellence in design and creativity
are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert
by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system
Copyright © 2025 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Queen's researcher Kerry Rowe is being honoured for his groundbreaking work designing waste containment systems that protect the world around them now and for years to come
Recipient of the 2024 Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal
Kerry Rowe has developed principles and techniques that enable the creation of landfills that can withstand changes in the environment over long periods of time due to factors such as climate change
[Photo credit: NSERC; Sylvie Li Shoot Studio]
Kerry Rowe (Civil Engineering) always tries to instill in his students the idea that research takes time
have been worked on by multiple graduate students across a decade or more
If a researcher wants to find answers to difficult questions that could change society for the better
The Herzberg Medal is considered one of the most prestigious honours awarded to scientists and engineers in Canada
Previous winners include Queen’s Professor Emeritus Arthur McDonald
who went on to become a co-recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics
Geoffrey Hinton of the University of Toronto
who was recently named co-recipient of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics
2024 NSERC Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal
The Herzberg Medal comes with $1 million in research funds over five years for the recipient
Rowe envisions this new funding will help him pursue his emerging focus on containing the spread of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
the so-called forever chemicals that can contaminate water
PFAS can be found in many consumer products
in a wide range of products we don’t even think about,” says Dr
the trouble is the chemicals in them won’t
And what happens when those products wear out
So we are accumulating a significant amount of PFAS in landfills that haven’t been designed to contain them
the goal is to keep them below a certain number of milligrams or micrograms per litre of water
we need to keep them below a certain number of nanograms per litre
This is a challenge on a scale we’ve never encountered before.”
Rowe sees this focus on PFAS as a natural extension of his groundbreaking work on designing landfills that prevent contaminants from spreading into the environment
He began this line of research more than forty years ago and has established himself as world leader in the sustainable containment of waste
By aiming to work with nature rather than against it
Rowe has developed principles and techniques that enable the creation of landfills that can withstand changes in the environment over long periods of time due to factors such as climate change
These innovations also work with the surrounding topography and hydrogeology to prevent contaminants from getting into water supplies
One of his primary interests has been the development of geomembranes
special plastic liners that can effectively prevent leachate from contaminating soil and water
Leachate is a liquid produced in landfills from the mixture of degrading organic matter and the water that runs through the waste
this liquid leaches chemicals from the waste and carries them to the surrounding environment
it can pose significant risks to nearby water supplies
Rowe examines a geomembrane from one of 53 geosynthetic liner longevity simulators in his lab where pressure up to 3000 kPA is applied to simulate the real-world effects of up to one hundred metres of water sitting on top of a liner to examine its chemical and physical behaviour over time
Geomembranes are the first line of defence
but over time this liquid will need to be collected or it will build up and overflow
Rowe and his team exposed a classic mistake through their research: the assumption that you can collect leachate using typical water drainage systems
These systems eventually clog up when dealing with leachate
The bacteria attach themselves to any surface
where they feed on the chemicals in the leachate
Also the sticky surfaces created by the bacteria cause the accumulation of sand and the cementing of it together with biologically generated calcium carbonate
further restricting the planned flow of leachate to treatment systems
Developing a sophisticated numerical model backed up with 17 years of large-scale experimental work and field studies
Rowe and his team developed techniques that allow bacteria to do their work of cleaning up the chemicals in leachate
while keeping them keeping them away from the critical components of the collection system
Geomembranes are another important area of focus of landfill research
These liners can wear out and break down over time
through painstaking experiments that can last decades (his first such test has now been running for 30 years)
Rowe tests their design in real-world conditions
He experiments with full-scale systems using real materials and exposes them to the same stresses and chemical conditions they would face when up and running
While the tests themselves may take decades
temperature can be used to look even further into the future
he looks at the components and how they work together
which enables identification of better design techniques and thereby the development of better materials
Rowe and his team also upended the assumption of many designers that liners could be built quickly and then be left exposed to the elements
before being covered by waste in a landfill site
together with substantial industry support
developed Queen’s University’s Environmental Liner Test Site (QUELTS) in 2006
Located 40 km north of Kingston in Godfrey
Rowe and his students and colleagues to study exposed geomembranes and determine the effect of weather on their performance
two thirds of the site was subjected to a thorough exhumation
This prompted the rebuilding of the site in 2012 with a whole series of new experiments that are still underway
A new section was constructed in 2020 to examine issues related to the melting of permafrost and climate change under accelerated conditions
Rowe’s goal is always to ensure that a landfill’s system of containment is designed to outlast the contaminants it encloses
Testing liners at different elevated temperatures for set periods of time
Rowe&#039;s lab speed up the effects of time on the liners
informing performance predictions at field temperatures lasting between 100 to 1,000 years
Rowe also performs further testing at the Queen&#039;s University Environmental Liner Test Site field station in Godfrey
ON where students and colleagues can study the behaviour of a full-scale geomembrane installation exposed to weather conditions
The Halton Landfill in the Niagara Escarpment embodies some of the principles and techniques Dr
He has served as a consultant on its development over the past 35 years
and his team has conducted detailed studies of the existing environment and how water behaves in the area
They then designed the landfill taking these findings into account
while also considering how its construction
and ultimately climate change could affect the existing conditions
this research approach provides the mechanism for those monitoring the landfill’s performance over time to detect and address any unexpected problems and protect the surrounding environment well into the future
Rowe’s work has led to the adoption of new industry practices and governmental regulations around the world
He has advised on more than 150 projects throughout his career
in locations as far flung as the Arctic and Antarctica
They have provided him with opportunities to solve problems related to environmental protection and have given his graduate students extensive experience with field research
Rowe has also expanded his focus to include containing waste from mining operations
As the growing market for electric vehicles has intensified mining efforts around the world
Rowe sees this area of research as becoming increasingly pressing in the future
Rowe also believes his work with students is one of his most significant contributions to engineering
He has advised more than 150 graduate students during his career
and he won the Queen’s University Award for Excellence in Graduate Supervision in 2013
He sees students as major contributors to his research
and he aims to instill principles in them that will set them up for successful careers of their own
Rowe with GeoEngineering graduate students (from left to right) Abigail Owens
Graduate students (from left to right) Zaid Kasim and Leo Daciolo conduct a test with Dr
Rowe to examine change in polymer length distribution with aging of a geomembrane
“Students play an absolutely critical role in my research
There’s no way I could do it without them,” says Dr
“I also try to train them to make their own contributions by teaching them to identify problems that need to be solved and helping them learn strategies for solving these problems for the betterment of society
I also train them to be patient and persistent
having learned the hard way it can take 20 years from developing a solution to a problem to it being widely accepted as standard practice.”
The Herzberg medal follows two years after Dr. Rowe was named the <a href="https://www.queensu.ca/gazette/stories/engineering-solutions-sustainable-future">inaugural recipient</a> of the NSERC Donna Strickland Prize for Societal Impact of Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
which was named after the 2018 Canadian Nobel Laureate in Physics
Queen’s Professor John Smol (Biology) has earned the Donna Strickland Prize
<a class="bttn primary" href="/gazette/for-journalists">Media Contacts</a>
Realtor Juan Carlos “J.C.” Fernandez and lawyer Steven Herzberg will soon join the five-member Miami Lakes Town Council after no one filed to run against them
Fernandez will succeed accountant Marilyn Ruano in Seat 3
which clinical social worker Luis Collazo has held since 2016
Both won four-year terms by default at the end of the town’s election qualifying period at noon Wednesday
Fernandez, who serves on the town’s <a href="https://www.miamilakes-fl.gov/planning-zoning-board/" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">Planning and Zoning Board</a> and previously sat on its <a href="https://www.miamilakes-fl.gov/our-government/committees-boards/neighborhood-improvement-committee/" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">Neighborhood Improvement Committee</a>
said he’s excited to continue working on improving Miami Lakes
He said he’ll focus on addressing right-of-way issues and enhancing aesthetic aspects of the nearly 24-year-old municipality
I think it’ll end here at the Council,” he told Florida Politics
and I’m looking forward to this chapter and to see if we can move Miami Lakes forward.”
Herzberg said his campaign focused on transparency
effective government and fiscal conservatism
Tom Fabricio in February for a House Regulatory Reform Subcommittee workshop on the issue
Stronger strides toward that end appear likely. Miami Lakes Council members Bryan Morera, who was <a href="https://floridapolitics.com/archives/671988-bryan-morera-elected-to-miami-lakes-council-in-runoff/" data-wpel-link="internal" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">elected</a> April 30
and Ray García are also former Blasting Advisory Board members
“One of my biggest goals for the next four years is to get residents more involved
I want to make Town Hall a more inviting place,” Herzberg told Florida Politics
“People say that if the Town Hall is empty
Their involvement helps us make better decisions
and everyone on the Town Council now is doing it for the right reasons
We want to make Miami Lakes a better place.”
Through the end of June, Fernandez reported raising $7,150 and spending $3,400, while Herzberg raised $20,675 and spent $3,306, <a href="https://www.voterfocus.com/CampaignFinance/candidate_pr.php?el=9&amp;c=munmiamilakes" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">Miami Lakes records</a> show
Miami Lakes Mayor Manny Cid congratulated Fernandez and Herzberg for their victories in a Wednesday <a href="https://x.com/MayorMannyCid/status/1821232640994767234" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">statement</a> on X
&#8220;Our residents are very fortunate to have two ethical individuals of high character as Council members,&#8221; he said
&#8220;The future of our community is in good hands!&#8221;
faces auto parts company executive Mario Pinera Jr
in a race to succeed Vice Mayor and Seat 1 Council member Tony Fernandez
He has three opponents: Council member Josh Dieguez
musician Derek Cintron and financial consulting executive Yuniett Gonzalez
Cid is leaving office to <a href="https://floridapolitics.com/archives/683307-manny-will-put-residents-first-miami-young-republicans-back-manny-cid-for-county-mayor/" data-wpel-link="internal" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">run for Miami-Dade County Mayor</a>
Town voters will elect a new Mayor and Seat 1 Council member Nov
The newly formed Council will decide whether to appoint someone to replace Dieguez in Seat 4 or hold a Special Election so voters can choose his successor
Jesse Scheckner has covered South Florida with a focus on Miami-Dade County since 2012. His work has been recognized by the Hearst Foundation, Society of Professional Journalists, Florida Society of News Editors, Florida MMA Awards and Miami New Times. Email him at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="1a507f69697f5a5c767568737e7b4a7576736e73796934797577">[email&#160;protected]</a> and follow him on Twitter @JesseScheckner
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Publisher: Peter Schorsch @PeterSchorschFL
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In today&rsquo;s evolving work environment
maintaining motivation is more challenging than ever
With distractions around every corner and shifting expectations from a new generation of workers
understanding what drives people to perform at their best has become crucial
Frederick Herzberg&rsquo;s theory is here to help
American psychologist Frederick Herzberg conducted research to pinpoint what motivates employees
with data collected from interviews with 203 engineers and accountants
The interviews led to the creation of his Motivation-Hygiene Theory
which differentiates between factors that cause job satisfaction (motivators) and those that prevent dissatisfaction (hygiene factors)
Herzberg&rsquo;s research may have been conducted in the 1960s but remains a popular tactic in management strategies to this day
Herzberg emphasized that motivation cannot be imposed externally but must be generated from within
He illustrated this with his concept of KITA (Kick in the Ass)
demonstrating that while external pressures can provoke immediate action
If I kick my dog (from the front or the back)
But it is only when one has a generator of one&rsquo;s own that we can talk about motivation
&hellip; said Herzberg in his influential Harvard Business Review article &ldquo;One more time: How do you motivate employees?&rdquo;
<a href="https://safety4sea.com/cm-seafarers-wellbeing-comes-first-a-hierarchy-of-seafarers-needs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Maslow&rsquo;s Theory of Needs</a> is a psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943
with each level representing different human needs
individuals are motivated to fulfill these needs in a specific order
starting from the most basic to the most complex
Herzberg&rsquo;s Two-Factor Theory is often compared with Maslow&rsquo;s Hierarchy of Needs because both theories aim to explain what motivates individuals
While Maslow&rsquo;s theory provides a broad framework for understanding human needs
Herzberg&rsquo;s theory focuses specifically on job satisfaction and workplace motivation
stems from internal factors such as personal growth
true motivation arises from within the individual
driven by factors that fulfill their deeper psychological needs and aspirations
Employees also need to have some basic factors satisfied in order not to lose interest in a job
Hygiene factors include elements like company policies
These factors do not generate positive satisfaction but are essential to prevent dissatisfaction
In the case of seafarers, for instance, it became apparent <a href="https://safety4sea.com/cm-2023-seafit-crew-survey-internet-connectivity-is-the-number-one-wellbeing-factor-for-seafarers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">in the 2023 SEAFiT crew survey</a> that
wages and salaries continue to play a crucial role in seafarers&rsquo; overall wellbeing
Especially in the case of attracting the younger generation, hygiene factors are no longer an option, but a requirement. <a href="https://safety4sea.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SailorsSociety-CadetReport-24_03.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">As Johan Smith, Head of Wellness, Sailors&rsquo; Society, said in the Generation Z &ndash; the future of maritime, report:</a> &ldquo;The industry needs to note a clear shift in the priorities for these Gen Z seafarers
strong relationships and ethical treatment are no longer peripheral concerns
They are now central to their career aspirations.&rdquo;
are linked to higher levels of job satisfaction and include aspects such as achievement
When hygiene factors are adequately addressed
motivators can significantly enhance job satisfaction and productivity
Effective leadership plays a great part in establishing and following motivation factors. <a href="https://safety4sea.com/cm-developing-leaders-for-safety-at-sea/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">As explained by Dr. Mike Morales, President, MOL Magsaysay Maritime Academy</a>, during the <a href="https://events.safety4sea.com/2024-safety4sea-manila-forum/">2024 SAFETY4SEA Manila Forum</a>
ready to contribute to a safe and efficient maritime environment
When employees experience high motivators and high hygiene factors
they are typically both highly motivated and satisfied with their jobs
An example of this scenario is a position that offers challenging and engaging work (a motivator) along with excellent working conditions
such as a supportive work environment and good benefits (hygiene factors)
when there are high motivators but low hygiene factors
employees may be motivated by their work itself but still feel dissatisfied due to a lacking policy or a low wage
In situations where there are low motivators but high hygiene factors
employees might not be particularly driven or inspired by their work
This could occur in a job that offers an adequate salary and good working conditions (hygiene factors)
but the work itself is monotonous or lacks challenge (low motivators)
when both motivators and hygiene factors are low
employees are likely to experience high levels of dissatisfaction and low performance
with increasing emphasis on work-life balance and employee well-being
to leverage both motivators and hygiene factors to foster a more engaged and productive workforce
Understanding that true motivation is driven from within
companies can create environments that not only meet the fundamental needs for job satisfaction but also inspire individuals to achieve personal and professional growth
As new generations enter the workforce with distinct values and expectations
there is a resounding call for organizations to adapt their strategies to address these changing dynamics if they wish to attract and retain new workforce
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Raaz Herzberg was a product manager at Microsoft Azure when she was offered a position at Wiz
Wiz has turned down a $23 billion takeover offer from Google
and reached $500 million in annual recurring revenue
Its next priority is to double that revenue metric — and then become a public company that Herzberg believes can become the biggest in the cybersecurity market
Wiz was launched by four cofounders who sold their previous business
It bills itself as a cloud security company that helps companies identify risks in their cloud providers
"It felt like an opportunity I couldn't possibly pass on," Herzberg
now the chief marketing officer and vice president of product strategy at Wiz
told Business Insider in an interview from the company's new London office
"I started as head of product — but we started in the worst time
"It's easy to remember because everything changed immediately."
It turned out that the pandemic was a boon for business
they increasingly relied on cloud services — expanding Wiz's client base
the scaleup has raised over $1.9 billion in funding from investing heavyweights such as Andreessen Horowitz
It now sees huge opportunities to use the AI boom to cement its position in the market before it launches its initial public offering
Cloud computing offers crucial infrastructure underpinning AI applications
security and privacy have taken center stage
"The adoption of AI is very similar to what happened with the accelerated use of cloud," Herzberg said
Wiz has found that over 80% of its customers are using AI services — which "are
Companies don't buy their machines or chips
so they're using these technologies on the cloud," she added
"Part of the reason we're growing so fast is because we have access to the public cloud
which is growing incredibly fast — and AI only pushes that growth further," she said
Wiz's rapid growth has also been bolstered by its arsenal of acquisitions
and Dazz in a bid to bulk up its engineering talent and product suite
They rebuild it from scratch in the Wiz infrastructure," Herzberg told BI
noting that the company is still on the hunt for more acquisitions
"We believe in this concept of growing inorganically."
Wiz established its European headquarters in London
Its plush office is a short walk from Silicon Roundabout — London's scaled-down answer to Silicon Valley
"The European market has been an ideal fit for our technology because it's more constrained by security
and more privacy aware than the US market," Herzberg told BI
"We estimate we will be able to get 35% of our revenue from Europe."
Wiz works with industry heavyweights on the continent
it says it reached $500 million in ARR — but is aiming to reach $1 billion before it IPOs
Operating independently is a big priority for the company. Earlier this year, Wiz turned down a <a target="_self" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wiz-turns-down-23-billion-deal-google-ipo-independent-public-2024-7" data-track-click="{&quot;element_name&quot;:&quot;body_link&quot;,&quot;event&quot;:&quot;tout_click&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:&quot;bi_value_unassigned&quot;,&quot;product_field&quot;:&quot;bi_value_unassigned&quot;}" rel="">$23 billion offer from Google</a>
instead opting to prime itself for a public debut
Herzberg declined to comment about the Google deal but added that Wiz had lofty ambitions to establish itself as a market leader in the cloud security domain
"We are building a company that I believe can be the biggest cybersecurity company in the world," she said
"And I think at this point we are on that path."
She likened companies buying security services to buying insurance packages
pointing to incumbents in the security industry with a similar model
it has a clear leader — people today buy Palo Alto firewalls
"Another example would be like the endpoint production server protection
Herzberg believed there needs to be a "leader in place to protect that domain" — adding that Wiz had a goal of taking that mantle
A slate of elections this year has pushed the company to prepare for more government-mandated cybersecurity measures
In anticipation of Donald Trump's second term
Wiz has started building on a federal sales strategy
Herzberg said the scaleup is in "no rush" to go public
It's now looking for a chief finance officer
a requirement for companies that want to IPO
"With the place we are at in terms of revenue and publicity and everything
it just brings us better candidates than we had as little as a year ago," Herzberg said
"I don't think we necessarily need someone with cloud security experience," she added
"We're hoping to announce that hire soon."
it's gearing up to release two new products as it cements its presence in Europe with an impending hiring spree
the team hopes to come full circle to its New York roots by the time it's ready to IPO
"Which one has the gong?" Herzberg laughed
TheatreSquared's production of "A Christmas Carol," adapted by Amy Herzberg and Robert Ford and directed by Stephen Marzolf
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BEAVERTON – Fueled by a smothering defense
Southridge claimed a berth in the 6A girls basketball tournament Friday night
The seventh-seeded Skyhawks held visiting Grants Pass to two first-half field goals in building a 20-point lead and coasted to a 50-34 win in the round of 16
Southridge (19-7) advances to the eight-team state tournament at the Chiles Center
2 Willamette in a quarterfinal Wednesday night
“We have nothing to lose,” Skyhawks junior point guard Sara Mangan said
“We're going to go in there and give it everything we have
Freshman guard Camryn Herzberg scored 20 points to lead the way against Grants Pass
Mangan and senior guard Faye Scott added eight and seven points
Mangan and junior Alex Lytchanyi are the only two starters back from last year's state tournament team
which lost to eventual champion South Medford 56-24 in the quarterfinals
Southridge retooled and won the Metro League title
their only in-state defeat came against Metro rival Beaverton
They carry an 11-game winning streak into the tournament
“I feel good,” coach Michael Bergmann said
“We made a step up in offense from last year
I think we can play with people offensively
it's just whether we can guard the best teams.”
the team's leading scorer (17 points per game) and floor general
so it's definitely a new experience for a lot of people,” Mangan said
the third-place team from the Southwest Conference
The Skyhawks hounded the Lady Cavers on the perimeter
forcing them into rushed shots that missed the mark
“I thought our defense was really good,” Mangan said
Southridge went on a 16-0 run – getting three-pointers from freshman Bailey Griffin and Lytchanyi and two backdoor cuts for baskets by Herzberg – to open a 23-4 lead in the second quarter
The Skyhawks led 28-8 at half and pushed the edge as high as 39-13 on a three-pointer by Herzberg with 1:40 left in the third quarter
Southridge was able to pull away despite Mangan not scoring in the first half
She finally got on the board with two three-pointers early in the third quarter
“She's such a good player because she doesn't have to score to still be doing other things,” Bergmann said
She's kind of got a little Curry in her where she's almost more dangerous without the ball.”
Mangan has benefited from the addition of Herzberg
who is second on the team in scoring at 16 points per game
Senior guard Kenzie Kleiner and freshman forward Evan Lindahl led Grants Pass with nine and eight points
a 6-foot freshman guard who leads the the team in scoring at 14 points per game
scored all seven of her points in the second half
A Memorial Service will be held on Saturday
&nbsp;Visitation will be from 1:00-2:00 p.m
memorials are preferred to any public education charity of your choice or any animal humane society
&nbsp;Northview-North Mankato Mortuary assisted the family with arrangements.&nbsp;
&nbsp;He attended Wells High School and Mankato State College
He was a high school chemistry teacher in Cambridge
Minnesota and later at Mankato West High School where he taught for 35 years
&nbsp;Paul married Delores Staloch on June 11
&nbsp;He was an avid tennis player who also enjoyed music
sharing his love of the sciences and a sharp sense of humor
&nbsp;He was preceded in death by his parents and daughter-in-law
Attendees to Aveva World 2024 came away with a definitive message: Drive digital transformation and sustainability throughout the lifecycle of industrial assets
Supporting a drive for partnerships and collaboration is a cornerstone in the company&rsquo;s portfolio-wide transition to a subscription-based business model
hybrid and on-premises solutions across the design-operate-optimize industrial lifecycle
who announced portfolio updates to 3,500 delegates who attended this year&rsquo;s conference in Paris (Oct
<a href="https://www.machinedesign.com/automation-iiot/article/55072661/sustainability-in-the-age-of-disruption-how-industrial-companies-are-adapting" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE:&nbsp;Sustainability in the Age of Disruption: How Industrial Companies are Adapting</a>
The traditional approach to securing customers by developing software specifically for industry has been surpassed by the call for open software
most industrial software was developed specifically for industry with the idea that one basically could replicate it so many times and then lock the entire industry into your software,&rdquo; he said
He added that the promise of AI and digitization has paved the way for working with open-source software and open data
the promise of using AI and making a plethora of case studies work at scale won&rsquo;t work
This perspective may seem counterintuitive because most companies prefer not to share information with rivals
the benefits of doing so outweigh both the challenges of competitiveness and the fear of negative repercussions
elaborated on Herzberg&rsquo;s talking points about developing a partnership ecosystem
&ldquo;Radical collaboration is about engaging the community at large industrial manufacturing with critical infrastructure to help solve these enormous problems we&rsquo;re all facing,&rdquo; McGreevy said
the need to manufacture goods at a rapid pace
distribute those in an interesting and sustainable way...the entire value chain of producing finished goods and manufacturing things requires this idea of radical collaboration
And &lsquo;radical&rsquo; just means that it&rsquo;s going to take basically all elements of that value chain working together to achieve the demands of the future.&rdquo;
Aveva announced two new strategic partnerships at the conference with Vulcan Energy Resources (VER) and Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC)
will enable secure data sharing among multiple stakeholders including contractors.&nbsp;
<a href="https://www.machinedesign.com/automation-iiot/article/55039752/hannover-messe-2024-open-ecosystems-and-collaborations-steal-the-show" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: Hannover Messe 2024: Open Ecosystems and Collaborations Steal the Show</a>
Aveva launched its industrial intelligence platform
at Hannover Messe in Germany earlier this year
The platform is built on Aveva software and knits together applications from a diverse range of providers including Schneider Electric
The platform provides deeper dives into business data and facilitates an intelligent digital twin that unifies insights across a given industrial ecosystem
optimize efficiency and maximize sustainability for increased ROI
The second strategic partnership is with Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC) and aspires to bring the power and capability of quantum compute to customers
Aveva noted that the solution is expected to deliver an exponential speed-up over classical techniques
generate cost and power consumption reductions
including AI large language models and big data
Other partnerships and use cases represented on the mainstage were Matei Zaharia
the data and AI platform provider bringing the power of AI to the energy sector
who laid out how the French multinational tyer manufacturer is decarbonizing across their value chain
Jean-Pascal Tricoire, chairman of Schneider Electric, which completed a full acquisition of Aveva in 2023, was also invited to the mainstage. Schneider Electric has progressively built out a <a href="https://www.se.com/ww/en/assets/564/document/352239/release-schneider-confirms-intention-to-buy-aveva.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">digital toolbox</a> to help enterprises develop full digital twins
an IoT-enabled plug-and-play open architecture and platform for energy and automation systems
Schneider built its agnostic software portfolio on top of this
so that software would not be dependent on any specific hardware platform
Schneider&rsquo;s suite of agnostic software extends across both industrial automation and energy management and includes Schneider&rsquo;s IGE+XAO
<a href="https://www.machinedesign.com/automation-iiot/article/21276134/aveva-aveva-conference-2023-sustainable-industrial-economies-will-depend-on-digital-insights" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: AVEVA Conference 2023: Sustainable Industrial Economies Will Depend on Digital Insights</a>
Aveva showcased key capabilities of several products designed to further optimize operations and improve collaboration
Operations Control and PI Data Infrastructure
Aveva&rsquo;s full suite includes simulation
Once regarded as a niche design software developer
Aveva has a value of more than &pound;10 billion (about $12.97 billion) and more than 20,0000 customers
The global software provider held its annual flagship software conference at the Paris&rsquo; Palais des Congr&egrave;s
including senior leaders from 13 industrial sectors and 600 companies
As&nbsp;Machine Design&rsquo;s content lead
Rehana Begg is tasked with elevating the voice of the design and multi-disciplinary engineer in the face of digital transformation and engineering innovation
Begg has more than 24 years of editorial experience and has spent the past decade in the trenches of industrial manufacturing
Her B2B career has taken her from corporate boardrooms to plant floors and underground mining stopes
covering everything from automation &amp; IIoT
mechanical design and additive manufacturing to plant operations
She is committed to lifelong learning and feeds her passion for innovation in publishing
transparent science and clear communication by attending relevant conferences and seminars/workshops.&nbsp;
Follow Rehana Begg via the following social media handles:
Cherished son of John Herzberg and the late Candace Herzberg; dear brother of Michael&nbsp;Herzberg and John Eric Herzberg; treasured uncle of Gretchen Herzberg; nephew of Robert Herzberg and William Herzberg.&nbsp;Matthew is also survived by many cousins and friends.&nbsp;
Matthew was a talented individual who had a passion for electronics and computers
He was always up to date with the latest technology and loved learning about how things worked
Matthew's friends and family could always count on him for tech advice and troubleshooting
He had the ability to lighten up any room and make people laugh with his witty jokes and funny stories
He&nbsp;loved making others happy through laughter
After graduating from Pattonville High School
Matthew started working for Amazon.&nbsp;Outside of work
He loved dogs and Matthew was also an excellent cook and loved experimenting with different recipes in the kitchen
Matthew was a beloved individual who brought laughter and happiness wherever he went
he left a lasting impact on those who were fortunate enough to know him.&nbsp;
Matthew was dearly loved and will be greatly missed by all who knew him.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Memorials may be made in Matthew's name to American Cancer Association.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Queen’s researchers receive Canada’s highest honours for contributions to natural sciences and engineering
John Smol and Kerry Rowe represent a remarkable eight decades of research advancing knowledge
and playing a pivotal role in shaping future generations of STEM researchers
The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is recognizing two Queen’s University researchers for their career and lifetime achievements in environmental science
John Smol (Biology) have each earned major NSERC awards
acknowledging the national and global impact of their work and underscoring the university’s leadership in environmental research
Dr. Rowe has received the prestigious <a href="https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/Prizes-Prix/Herzberg-Herzberg/Index-Index_eng.asp">Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering</a>
awarded annually to a Canadian whose research achievements have demonstrated persistent excellence and influence in the natural sciences or engineering
The Herzberg Medal is widely considered to be Canada’s highest honour for research in these fields
Dr. Smol has been awarded the <a href="https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/Prizes-Prix/Strickland-Strickland/Index-Index_eng.asp">Donna Strickland Prize for Societal Impact of Natural Sciences and Engineering Research</a>
The annual award is given to a team or individual whose research has significantly benefitted society
“These awards showcase the high calibre of environmental science research at Queen’s and its potential to create meaningful change," says Patrick Deane
Rowe and Smol are addressing some of the world’s most critical challenges
and these recognitions emphasize the broad impact of their work
Rowe is an internationally renowned expert in geoenvironmental engineering including landfill design and contaminant migration
Smol is considered the top researcher in his field and has played a key role in shaping evidence-based environmental conservation policies
Rowe and Smol add to their long lists of accomplishments
including as Officers of the Order of Canada
members of the Royal Society of Canada and the Royal Society (London)
Smol became the youngest Herzberg Gold Medalist
Rowe was the inaugural winner of the Strickland Prize
Rowe and Smol represent a remarkable eight decades of research
and plays a pivotal role in shaping future generations of STEM researchers
He is credited with pioneering approaches that have transformed understanding of how different components
work together to prevent ground and surface water contamination
Rowe is also responsible for creating the only scientifically based technique for predicting the lifetime of landfill liner systems
He has advised on over 180 projects worldwide and shaped regulatory standards in Canada
The Herzberg Medal includes a grant of up to $1 million over five years
supporting university research initiatives or funding scholarships and research chairs in Dr
Rowe will join an esteemed group of past recipients
including Queen’s Nobel Laureate (2015) Dr
Art McDonald who won the Herzberg Medal in 2003
and artificial intelligence experts Yoshua Bengio (2023) and Geoffrey Hinton (2010)
who was recently awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics.&nbsp;
Learn more about <a href="https://www.queensu.ca/gazette/stories/kerry-rowe-gerhard-herzberg">Dr. Rowe’s research</a>
Smol's work at the Queen’s Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL) has led to the development of many approaches for evaluating long-term ecological changes and climate change
Using lake sediment cores – long tubes of mud collected from lake bottoms
and dated – he pioneered novel methods for reconstructing historical characteristics of lake ecosystems to better understand how they will respond to future changes and address many water quality issues
Smol is considered the top researcher in his field and has played a key role in shaping evidence-based environmental conservation policies – including key contributions to the acid rain debates in the late-1980s
and more recently on environmental issues for lakes surrounding Alberta’s oil sands
as well as identifying the effects of climate change in the Arctic and elsewhere
Smol has received over 100 awards and honours for his work
The Donna Strickland Prize comes with a grant of $250,000 over three years
enabling further research and knowledge mobilization
Learn more about <a href="https://www.queensu.ca/gazette/stories/john-smol-donna-strickland">Dr. Smol's research</a>
“The NSERC awards recognize the dedication and excellence of Drs
Rowe and Smol and the Queen’s research community,” says Nancy Ross
and congratulate them on these incredible honours!”
Dr. Rowe and Dr. Smol were recognized at a ceremony in Ottawa. For more information on the prizes, visit the <a href="https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/Media-Media/NewsDetail-DetailNouvelles_eng.asp?ID=1497">NSERC</a> website
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Volume 3 - 2022 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.958480">https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.958480</a>
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Role of Epithelial Cell-Microbes Interactions in Oral Health and Disease<a class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right" aria-label="View all 6 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/19461/the-role-of-epithelial-cell-microbes-interactions-in-oral-health-and-disease/magazine" target="_self" data-event="customLink-linkType-a_viewAll6Articles">View all 6 articles</a>
The recent epidemic caused by aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 virus illustrates the importance and vulnerability of the mucosal epithelial barrier against infection
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are key to the epithelial barrier
AMPs protect the integument and the gut against pathogenic microbes
AMPs have also evolved in humans and other mammals to enhance newer
complex innate and adaptive immunity to favor the persistence of commensals over pathogenic microbes
The canonical AMPs are helictical peptides that form lethal pores in microbial membranes
this type of AMP is exemplified by the defensin family of AMPs
and calprotectin (complex of S100A8 and S100A9) have evolved to work cooperatively
calprotectin sequesters essential trace metals from microbes
This review focuses on defensins and calprotectin as AMPs that appear to work cooperatively to fortify the epithelial barrier against infection
The antimicrobial spectrum is broad with overlap between the two AMPs
experimental models highlight the contribution of both AMPs to candidiasis as a fungal infection and periodontitis resulting from bacterial dysbiosis
These AMPs appear to contribute to innate immunity in humans
protecting the commensal microflora and restricting the emergence of pathobionts and pathogens
A striking example in human innate immunity is that elevated serum calprotectin protects against neonatal sepsis
Calprotectin is also remarkable because of functional differences when localized in epithelial and neutrophil cytoplasm or released into the extracellular environment
calprotectin appears to protect against invasive pathogens
calprotectin can engage pathogen-recognition receptors to activate innate immune and proinflammatory mechanisms
In inflamed epithelial and other tissue spaces
and histones are released from degranulated neutrophils to form insoluble antimicrobial barriers termed neutrophil extracellular traps
calprotectin and other AMPs use several strategies to provide microbial control and stimulate innate immunity
To understand the contribution to epithelial barrier defense
AMP function in higher animals must be distinguished from adaptive and other innate immune mechanisms
Some AMPs show broad-spectrum activity across phyla
Even in the face of posited resistance mechanisms
therapeutic strategies are in development to fortify antimicrobial defense at the epithelial barrier
translation of knowledge of the structure and function of AMPs may herald a post-antibiotic era
Barrier protection against infection by exogenous bacteria, fungi, and viruses is essential for survival. Formed by epithelia, the barrier physically partitions the underlying connective tissues from the external environment [<a href="#B11">11</a>]
Barrier breaches are defended by host adaptive and innate immune mechanisms
illustrating a redundancy in primitive immune function
immunity in lower life forms reflects low specificity and broad
overlapping recognition and signaling responses to pathogens
Functioning to protect epithelial barriers, the effectors of innate immune functions in the host span phylogeny and evolutionary time. Produced as part of the transcriptional response to engagement of PAMPs, many AMPs are highly conserved in invertebrates and serve as the primary humoral response [<a href="#B19">19</a>]
a minimally competent cell-mediated immune response is provided by hemocytes
the AMP-mediated innate immune response is central to resistance against pathogenic microbes and survival
The upregulated AMPs provide immunity against many common bacterial and fungal pathogens
In the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a frank breach in the cuticle epithelium accompanied by microbial challenge triggers local epithelial production of AMPs such as cecropins [<a href="#B28">28</a>, <a href="#B29">29</a>] and melanin to thwart parasitic infection of plants and attenuate parasites and pathogens, including fungi [<a href="#B30">30</a>]
illustrate that the cuticular epithelium can deploy different AMPs
eliciting somewhat specialized antimicrobial responses as an infection becomes more invasive
AMPs function typically in the absence of adaptive immunity
Virtually every life form employs AMPs to provide anti-bacterial and anti-fungal defense
By studying interactions between AMPs and the transcriptional response of bacterial cells and applying artificial intelligence algorithms
AMPs could be engineered in the future to overcome microbial resistance mechanisms
The pressure of early colonizing commensal bacteria appears to drive epithelial development, maturation, and AMP expression. Using reconstituted human gingiva, incubation with the prominent salivary organisms Granulicatella, Veillonella, and Streptococcus promotes keratinocyte proliferation, thickening, and greater organization of the epithelial layer [<a href="#B49">49</a>]
Epithelial maturation was accompanied by increased expression of several key regulated AMPs including elafin
These in vitro data suggest that in the absence of leukocytes
the commensal microbiota drives the development of the epithelial barrier against infection
Microbial colonization is essential for normal mucosal maturation and the development of local innate immunity in this in vivo model
Within cells, AMPs in granules and in the cytoplasm (e.g., calprotectin) contribute to antimicrobial defense. During microbial invasion or phagocytosis, AMP-containing granules fuse with phagosomes or endosomes where invasive microbes localize [<a href="#B69">69</a>&#x02013;<a href="#B72">72</a>]
After release into the endosome or phagolysosome
AMPs cooperate with other antimicrobial mechanisms
including the production of reactive oxygen species to inactivate and kill intracellular pathogens
largely function to control microbes within cells or resist intracellular invasion
The contribution of AMPs to resist productive HIV-1 infection in the oral mucosa has not been definitively established
the buffering capacity of saliva may allow for sustained AMP activity and suppression of intruding S
pneumoniae and provide a mechanistic explanation for the resistance of the oral cavity to IAV infection
thereby providing points of convergence with innate immunity
To resolve the functions of AMPs with greater clarity
Animal models can facilitate understanding of modes of action
including knowledge of how interactions with inflammatory responses and adaptive immunity affect the composition of the microbiome
The microbiome can profoundly affect host health
Shifts in the microbiome can lead to dysbiosis and the emergence of pathobionts or to the acquisition of pathogens that are related to many diseases
including metabolic and neurologic disorders
AMPs that are constitutively expressed or upregulated during inflammation can contribute to homeostasis of the microbiome
Defensins are cationic peptides that bind and form pores in bacterial and fungal membranes causing increasing membrane permeability and cell death [<a href="#B150">150</a>]. A query of the genome sequences of 29 vertebrate species revealed that humans have genes for 31 &#x003B2;-defensin peptides, mice have 38, rats have 41, and cattle have 42 [<a href="#B151">151</a>]
Only a few of the gene protein products have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity and immune function
Since studies analyze one family member at a time
the seeming redundancy in defensins (and other AMPs) leaves open the question of whether AMPs synergize or compliment their activities
The effectiveness of the defensins may be limited by environmental factors including inactivation by high salt concentration and degradation by protease activity
expression and AMP effectiveness can differ
Neutrophils and macrophages from the DEFB1&#x02212;/&#x02212; and wild type mice were similar in in vitro neutrophil killing assays and IL-1&#x003B2; release
Mouse genotype-specific differences in infection by C
albicans could also be attributed to competition with co-colonizing microbiota and the responses of T cells and other immune response elements
In the oral cavity, &#x003B2;-defensins may also protect against bacterial infections. Using a mouse model, a P. gingivalis-soaked ligature was used to induce experimental periodontitis, and HBD3 was applied to the periodontal pocket [<a href="#B161">161</a>]
ligated sites showed reduced osteoclast and alveolar bone loss
Incubation of HBD3 with a macrophage cell line attenuated polarization into a proinflammatory M1 phenotype
While it is unclear whether the human BD3 affected the expression of mouse &#x003B2;-defensins
application of HBD3 appears to have therapeutic potential
Localization of calprotectin at the epithelial barrier specifies function
(A) Calprotectin released from degranulated neutrophils and epithelial cells complex with DNA and histones to form antimicrobial neutrophil extracellular traps
(B) When calprotectin is released from cells in a high calcium concentration inflammatory environment
providing increased affinity for trace metal divalent cations
Successful sequestration of the trace metals from microbes results in reduced growth and &#x0201C;nutritional immunity.&#x0201D; (C) Calprotectin localized within the cytoplasm of epithelial cells or neutrophils appear to protect against invasive microbes that seek to reside intracellularly as part of their life cycle
Whether intracytoplasmic calprotectin with AMP activity exists as monomers
assuming increased cytoplasmic calcium upon release from intracellular stores
(D) Released calprotectin can engage a range of receptors on cells in the inflammatory environment
Engagement with specific receptors link this AMP with a range of innate cellular immune responses
Some bacterial pathogens have evolved to thwart nutritional immunity. To compete with calprotectin and commensal species for nutritional metal ions, pathogens utilize and can increase avidity of metal ion transporters [<a href="#B204">204</a>, <a href="#B205">205</a>]. By sequestering Mn&#x0002B;&#x0002B;, for example, Salmonella resists killing after phagocytosis by inhibiting neutrophil Mn&#x0002B;&#x0002B;-dependent enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species [<a href="#B205">205</a>]
More must be learned about how calprotectin affects commensal and pathogenic microbes existing in a complex community and whether sequestration of zinc or other trace metals might favor growth of commensal bacteria while limiting pathobionts and pathogens
but direct antimicrobial activity by calprotectin in the cytosol of neutrophils has not yet been shown definitively
In epithelial cells, calprotectin expression increases in response to microbes including Fusobacterium nucleatum and P. gingivalis [<a href="#B219">219</a>, <a href="#B220">220</a>] and PAMPs such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [<a href="#B221">221</a>] and flagellin [<a href="#B222">222</a>]. Indeed, when bacteria bind, epithelial cells upregulate IL1&#x003B1;, which is released and then engaged by the IL1 receptor [<a href="#B82">82</a>, <a href="#B83">83</a>]
Engagement of the IL-1 receptor signals through the p38-MAP kinase pathway
increasing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein &#x003B2; (C/EBP&#x003B2;) transcriptional activity
which upregulates expression of calprotectin
the role of calprotectin in antibacterial defense depends on the cell source
and cooperative mechanisms such as activation of ROS production
and the ability of the microbe to evade or subvert calprotectin
Given the complexity of inflammatory tissue environments
the effectiveness of antimicrobial calprotectin may be difficult to predict
Whether calprotectin acts dichotomously as an alarmin or as an inflammation-dampening protein complex is strongly suggested to depend on the prevalence of a dominant N1 phenotype in the response to infection
Calprotectin expression in human infants (and newborn mice) sustains the composition of the healthy developing gut microbiome [<a href="#B233">233</a>]. Infants with high fecal concentrations of calprotectin had greater abundance of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriaceae and fewer Gammaproteobacteria including opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae. Low calprotectin expression was associated with sepsis and obesity by 2 years of age [<a href="#B233">233</a>]
These characteristics may predispose human and murine neonates to sepsis
Neonatal sepsis may be prevented or mitigated by the high concentration of calprotectin in breast milk and protect against lactational mastitis in the mother
each AMP and cooperation between them are poorly understood as influences of the composition and pathogenicity of the oral communities
To replace or serve as an adjunct to antibiotics
specific AMP therapeutics can be developed in animal models
One interesting strategy would target production by the native AMP-producing cells
we may be able to develop AMP therapeutics that target the mucosal barrier epithelium where infections originate
The contribution of AMPs to antimicrobial immunity is a crucial first defense of the epithelial barrier
The AMPs differ in structure and include the evolutionarily conserved families of pore-forming peptides and the essential trace metal binding proteins that create antimicrobial nutritional immunity
AMPs serve cooperatively to thwart bacterial
the AMPs can present in microbe-trapping antimicrobial NETs to circumscribe and neutralize invading pathogens
AMPs protect cells against invasive microbes
Given their presence in different anatomic sites in the oral cavity
AMPs appear to confer site-specific microbial control
parsing out the role of the AMPs even when mutated or deleted in genetic models can be challenging
Each AMP functions in the constellation of related proteins and peptides and adaptive immunity
crosstalk between systems can upregulate compensatory mechanisms
Nonetheless the evolution of AMPs in lower species indicates that innate immunity fortifies the epithelial barrier in the absence of the complex immunity common to humans and other mammals
Given that AMPs have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and do not readily promote microbial resistance
translational development of AMPs as therapies appears warranted in the face of growing microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics
AMPs may be applied therapeutically to fortify the oral epithelial barrier against infection
KJ and MH created the concept and drafted this manuscript. KJ created the figures using <a href="https://BioRender">BioRender</a>&#x000A9;
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
Investigations about the structure and function of AMPs in the authors&#x00027; laboratory were supported by R21DE025711
Gay Herzberg for expert editorial assistance
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359
<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11861602" target="_blank">PubMed Abstract</a> | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=Jr+Janeway+CA&#x00026;author=R+Medzhitov+&#x00026;publication_year=2002&#x00026;title=Innate+immune+recognition&#x00026;journal=Annu+Rev+Immunol.&#x00026;volume=20&#x00026;pages=197-216" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a>
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Citation: Johnstone KF and Herzberg MC (2022) Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier
Received: 31 May 2022; Accepted: 30 June 2022; Published: 01 August 2022
Copyright &#x000A9; 2022 Johnstone and Herzberg. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
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&#x0002A;Correspondence: Mark C. Herzberg, <a id="encmail">bWNoZXJ6YkB1bW4uZWR1</a>
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Herzberg passed away at his home at the age of 75
to Edmond &amp; Frances (Stephens) Herzberg of Shenandoah
Larry moved to Omaha immediately after graduating from Shenandoah High School in 1965
He served in the Army Finance Department for 2 years
and 5 days (but he said he wasn&#8217;t really counting)
He obtained a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from UNO in 1973
Followed by accounting positions at Byron Reed and Valmont Industries
and their first date was nothing short of a disaster from start to finish
He often commented he couldn&#8217;t believe there was a 2nd date
Larry decided he was tired of &#8220;cleaning up other people&#8217;s messes,&#8221; meaning accounting messes
and he became a &#8220;stay available&#8221; dad and devoted time to their rental properties
It was not unusual for Mary to come home from work and find the kitchen stove
or even the curtains to be missing from their home because they were needed in one of the rentals
There were many nights they painted way into the early morning hours
so a house could be turned over the next day to new renters
During the first 30 years of their marriage
they lived in 8 different houses as they fixed them up and either rented them or sold them
he lost his right eye to Melanoma and realized he was just &#8220;cleaning up other people&#8217;s messes again,&#8221; and decided to get out of the real estate game
Larry had 3 loves in his life: fixing houses
and finding that &#8220;great deal&#8221; on Craigslist or at an estate sale (he&#8217;s been known to buy a fountain or two)
His day could not get started without a trip to the coffee shop and quietly reading the morning paper
Friday nights were devoted to his favorite hobby of going out to eat; preferably with a coupon and a good happy hour
and he soon proudly adopted the alias of the Looney Tunes character &#8220;Taz.&#8221; He proudly displayed his Taz wall plaque in the den and wore his Taz wristwatches
His personalized license plates were: Taz I and Taz II
Larry inherited a passion for fishing in his younger years from his dad and granddad
it was a good day to come home with fish or the story of the &#8220;one that got away&#8221;
Larry is survived by his devoted wife of 40 years
Mary Herzberg; daughter Marla (Tony) Olsen; grandsons Aiden and Paxton Olsen; daughter Christine Lorsch; and brother Edward (Nora) Herzberg of Emerson IA; and many friends
there will be no funeral or memorial service
we welcome your support and kindness at a visitation to be held on Sunday
please consider a donation to one of your favorite charities
They all make me smile and feel warm inside
We were friends since little tikes on neighboring Iowa farms
Larry was my classmate and he will be missed
 the last time i saw larry was in 1972 i believe.
i played volleyball with larry and friends in the early 70s
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Between January 2015 and December 2020, 92 patients received low rectal resections for rectal cancer with primary anastomosis and diverting ileostomy. All these patients received pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) without antibiotics as well as intraoperative colonic irrigation. The intraoperative colonic irrigation was performed via the efferent loop of the ileostomy. All data were analyzed by SPSS for descriptive and inferential analyses.
In the study period, 1.987 colorectal surgical procedures were performed. This study reports AL in 3 (3.3%) of 92 recruited patients. Other postoperative complications (Dindo-Clavien I-IV) were reported in 25 patients (27.2%), which occurred mainly due to non-surgical reasons such as renal dysfunction and sepsis. According to the fail-safe model, AL was treated by endoscopic or re-do surgery. The median postoperative length of hospitalization was 8 days (4–45) days.
This study validates the effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary fail-safe model with a pre-operative MBP and an intraoperative colonic irrigation in reducing AL rates. Intraoperative colonic irrigation is a feasible approach that lowers the AL rates by reducing fecal load and by decontamination of the colon and anastomotic region. Our study does not recommend a pre-operative administration of oral antibiotics for colorectal decontamination.
Volume 9 - 2022 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.821827">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.821827</a>
This article is part of the Research TopicAnastomotic and Intestinal Wound Healing: Recent advances and future directions<a class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right" aria-label="View all 11 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/28376/anastomotic-and-intestinal-wound-healing-recent-advances-and-future-directions/articles" target="_self" data-event="customLink-linkType-a_viewAll11Articles">View all 11 articles</a>
Aim: Regardless the technological developments in surgery
the anastomotic leakage (AL) rate of low rectal anastomosis remains high
Though various perioperative protocols have been tested to reduce the risk for AL
there is no standard peri-operative management approach in rectal surgery
We aim to assess the short-term outcome of a multidisciplinary approach to reduce the rates of ALs using a fail-safe-model using preoperative and intraoperative colonic irrigation in low rectal resections with primary anastomosis
Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2020
92 patients received low rectal resections for rectal cancer with primary anastomosis and diverting ileostomy
All these patients received pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) without antibiotics as well as intraoperative colonic irrigation
The intraoperative colonic irrigation was performed via the efferent loop of the ileostomy
All data were analyzed by SPSS for descriptive and inferential analyses
1.987 colorectal surgical procedures were performed
This study reports AL in 3 (3.3%) of 92 recruited patients
Other postoperative complications (Dindo-Clavien I-IV) were reported in 25 patients (27.2%)
which occurred mainly due to non-surgical reasons such as renal dysfunction and sepsis
AL was treated by endoscopic or re-do surgery
The median postoperative length of hospitalization was 8 days (4&#x02013;45) days
Conclusion: This study validates the effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary fail-safe model with a pre-operative MBP and an intraoperative colonic irrigation in reducing AL rates
Intraoperative colonic irrigation is a feasible approach that lowers the AL rates by reducing fecal load and by decontamination of the colon and anastomotic region
Our study does not recommend a pre-operative administration of oral antibiotics for colorectal decontamination
The combination of pre-operative MBP and intra-operative colonic irrigation following a multidisciplinary approach may be an alternative that has not been rigorously investigated in the literature so far
In our study, we aimed to evaluate the short-term outcomes after open and laparoscopic low rectal resections and primary anastomosis for rectal cancers using a multidisciplinary standardized fail-safe approach in colorectal surgery. This fail-safe approach, was first used in the engineering discipline and has now been widely adopted in the bioengineering field (<a href="#B24">24</a>)
every potential error is secured by an additional safety net
so the magnitude of possible hazards is minimized
We adopted these safety nets for colorectal surgery including a wide range of pre-
We measured surgical outcomes in terms of post-operative complications
and report the effectiveness of the fail-safe model using pre-operative MBP and intraoperative colonic irrigation in rectal surgery
Flowchart for the selection of patients with rectal resections in this study
Patients with rectal resections for benign lesions
or no stoma formation (due to preoperative stoma or upper rectal resection) were excluded
Fail-safe protocol for laparoscopic elective rectal resections in this study
Postoperative morbidity was defined as complication occurring within 30 days after surgery
an endoscopy was performed to confirm the anastomotic integrity and then the soft drainage tube was removed
(A) Protective ileostomy after rectal resection
The Pfannenstiel incision is still protected by a wound retractor
A loop (&#x0002A;) is stabilizing the stoma during manipulation
(B) A urinary catheter (&#x0002B;) is placed in the efferent loop
(C) The catheter (&#x0002B;) is blocked under manual control with 5 ml before starting the antegrade colonic irrigation
The intestine can be checked within the procedure by one surgeon to prevent dislocation of the catheter or accidental perforation
AL was defined as &#x0201C;a defect of the intestinal wall integrity at the ileocolic, colorectal or coloanal anastomotic site (including suture and staple lines of neorectal reservoirs) leading to a communication between the intra- and extraluminal compartments&#x0201D; (<a href="#B2">2</a>). A pelvic abscess close to the anastomosis was also considered as anastomotic leakage (<a href="#B2">2</a>)
AL was graded according to the standard classification into grade A
Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25 (IBM Co.
All variables were listed as means with standard deviation
Categorical variables were arranged as numbers with percentages
This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki (<a href="#B28">28</a>)
Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of the Medical Association Schleswig-Holstein as this is a retrospective study and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care
Between January 2015 and December 2020 1,987 colorectal surgical procedures were performed in the study center
This included a total of 274 (13.8%) rectal resections including Hartmann procedures or abdominoperineal extirpations
92 patients were treated for rectal cancer and underwent therefor low rectal resections with primary anastomosis and protective ileostomy using the fail-safe model including an intraoperative colonic irrigation
Of the 92 patients, 61 (66.3%) were men and 31 (33.7%) were women, with a mean overall age of 64.40 years (range 37&#x02013;86 years). In 88 (95.7%) patients, a laparoscopic approach was used, while four patients were treated by laparotomies (4.3%). The patients&#x00027; characteristics in this study are listed in <a href="#T2">Table 2</a>
Characteristics of the study cohort (n = 92)
An anastomotic leakage occurred in 3 (3.3%) cases
Two case of type B rectal insufficiency according to the classification by Rahbari et al
and they were treated by endoscopic vacuum therapy
One patient needed a re-operation due to an extended wall deficit
Post-operative complications were reported in 25 (27.2%) patients that were grouped according to the Dindo-Clavien&#x00027;s classification; 7 (7.6%) grade I, 6 (6.5%) grade II, 0 (0%) grade IIIa, 7 (7.6%) grade IIIb and 5 (5.4%) grade IV cases were reported. There was no mortality during hospital stay and within first 30 days after surgery. <a href="#T3">Table 3</a> provides an overview of the short-term postoperative outcomes and complications
Of the cases with grade IIIb complications
two cases had postoperative subcutaneous hematoma
one by re-operation and one perioperative perforation of the ileum
The median postoperative length of hospitalization was 8 (4&#x02013;45) days
Outcome after intraoperative colonic irrigation (n = 92)
using a standardized fail-safe approach including a pre-operative MBP and peri-operative colonic irrigation
we report an over-all complication rate of 27.2% with AL rate of 3.3%
The fail-safe approach includes pre- and intra-operative colonic irrigation as a core component of the multi-step peri-operative management plan for low rectal resections
The use of colonic irrigation before and during surgery provides a foundation for a safe anastomosis by reducing intracolonic pressure, fecal load, and bacterial count in the vicinity of anastomosis (<a href="#B29">29</a>, <a href="#B30">30</a>)
the published data has shown AL rates of higher than 5% regardless of ABP or MBP alone or in combination
our data with a leakage rate of 3.3% comes from a retrospective single center cohort study and has to be carefully compared with the results of randomized controlled trials mentioned earlier
an AL-rate below 5% in rectal cancer surgery is promising and needs further evaluation
Several studies have shown that performing colonic irrigation intraoperatively can potentially reduce the rate of Hartman&#x00027;s procedures (<a href="#B22">22</a>, <a href="#B43">43</a>)
there is no reported data that can establish the effectiveness of routine pre-operative MBP in combination with on-table colonic irrigation as demonstrated by the fail-safe model in our study
Such approach offers another opportunity of cleansing the colon as well as the rectal anastomosis for better oncological surgical outcomes
intraoperative colonic irrigation might be beneficial if an AL occurs because of the reduced fecal load
the treatment of choice for a leaking colorectal or coloanal anastomosis had been a resection of the anastomosis followed by a Hartmann&#x00027;s procedure
Pelvic abscesses are often drained percutaneously under a CT-guided approach
Our study demonstrates that the incidence of pelvic abscess or peritonitis and especially the scale of complications resulting from AL can be avoided by intraoperative colonic irrigation integrated into a multidisciplinary fail-safe protocol
Our study results are drawn from a small sample size in a single center setting with a heterogenous study cohort
including explicit inclusion criteria for rectal cancers
not all patients with rectal surgery could be included in this analysis
the retrospective design of this study indicates possible selection bias
an absence of a control group due to its retrospective design did not allow us to report a case-control study
larger clinical trials in multi-center settings using a randomization are needed to help establish the effectiveness of our fail-safe model including the described intraoperative colonic irrigation
This study concludes that a low rate of AL in elective low rectal resections is feasible
This can be achieved by adopting a standardized fail-safe model peri-operative protocol
an intra-operative colonic irrigation to reduce fecal load at anastomotic site
a covering protective ileostomy and endoscopic evaluation on the 4th postoperative day
Even not all the peri-operative steps are evidence based
A low rate of AL potentially reduces the concomitant complications of pelvic abscess
As this is a retrospective cohort study reporting a single-center experience
especially including emergency and training procedures
that can potentially validate our fail-safe-model using intra-operative colonic irrigation
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article
further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author
Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements
Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements
JH collected and analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript
SK developed the fail-safe-concept and drafted the manuscript
TS reviewed the manuscript and supervised the implementation of the new concept
HH reviewed the manuscript and made an impact on discussion
All authors read and approved the final manuscript
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Strate T and Honarpisheh H (2022) Intraoperative Colonic Irrigation for Low Rectal Resections With Primary Anastomosis: A Fail-Safe Surgical Model
Received: 24 November 2021; Accepted: 22 February 2022; Published: 08 April 2022
Copyright &#x000A9; 2022 Herzberg, Khadem, Guraya, Strate and Honarpisheh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
&#x0002A;Correspondence: Jonas Herzberg, <a id="encmail">am9uYXMuaGVyemJlcmdAS3JhbmtlbmhhdXMtUmVpbmJlay5kZQ==</a>
	Senior Private Sector Development Specialist
Benjamin Herzberg is Senior Private Sector Development Specialist at the World Bank Group
working on the Refugee Investment and Matchmaking Platform and on entrepreneurship and policy reforms in the Middle East and North Africa
he led global programs on public-private dialogue
and worked in over 30 countries on business climate
he worked on SME advocacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
biotechnology (Israel) and high-technology (USA)
Herzberg holds a post-graduate degree in Geography and Environment from the Université des Sciences et Techniques
and a Suma Cum Laude Master's degree in Geography from the Université de la Sorbonne
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/simonfraseruniversity">F</a> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/sfu">T</a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/simonfraseru/">I</a>
The National Research Council has created a postdoctoral fellowship in commemoration of the contributions of Drs
This fellowship will be awarded annually to a recent PhD graduate who identifies as a woman, and who has demonstrated research excellence.The successful candidate will be hired as an NRC Luise and Gerhard Herzberg Postdoctoral Fellow for a 2-year term where they will undertake leading-edge reserach activities within one of 12 <a href="https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/research-collaboration/research-centres" target="_blank">Research Centres</a> located across Canada
engineering or math discipline can submit a fellowship project fo consideration
<a href="https://recruitment-recrutement.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/job/Within-a-National-Research-Cou-Postdoctoral-Fellow-National-Research-Council-Canada-Luise-and-Gerhard-Herzberg-Fellowship-ON/585930917/" target="_blank">Visit the Program page for Full details and program guide</a>
Simon Fraser University respectfully acknowledges the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam)
Semiahmoo and Tsawwassen peoples on whose unceded traditional territories our three campuses reside.