was called the Lion of Judah by New York City parks commissioner Henry Stern
The sexologist’s giggly roar was redolent of accents from her own life trajectory: German, Hebrew, Swiss, French, and finally American. Her eventual life and career triumphs were examples of what the French Jewish neuropsychiatrist Boris Cyrulnik analyzed as resilience
like Westheimer’s German Jewish mishpocheh
Part of Westheimer’s survival strategy was to not dwell on the profound tragedies in her life as a German Jewish woman. A 1987 coauthored memoir offered surprisingly little of a personal nature and only for the 2019 documentary film Ask Dr. Ruth did she visit Yad Vashem
Israel’s memorial to Holocaust victims
to find out precise information about when and where her parents were killed
Born Karola Ruth Siegel in Karlstadt am Main
Westheimer found fortitude in a maxim from her Orthodox Jewish grandmother
“Trust in God,” even if this approach did not work for Bubbe during the Holocaust
Westheimer only survived because she was shipped to a Swiss orphanage just before the war with a few dozen other German Jewish children and grew up there like a Jewish Jane Eyre
who may have empathized with her because of her diminutive stature and effervescent personality
and Westheimer always saw being small as a positive attraction
when she received an honorary doctorate from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and in related interviews
she implied that she had the hots for former Israeli prime minister David Ben Gurion: “He was short!”
eventually gravitating to an apartment on 190th Street in Washington Heights near two synagogues where she was a member: the Reform Hebrew Tabernacle Congregation and the Conservative Synagogue Adath Israel of Riverdale
She was also a member of the Orthodox synagogue Ohav Shalom until it closed in 2006 and served as president of the YMHA of Washington Heights and Inwood
Part of this intense socializing may have been due to family tragedy
as Westheimer stated in an American Jewish Committee advertisement printed in 1997 in the New York Times:
including my beloved parents and grandparents
but they couldn’t eradicate my will to live and pass on to my children and grandchildren my love for Judaism
the phrase ‘Am Yisrael chai’ — ‘The Jewish people lives’ — holds special meaning.”
Although she co-wrote a book about sex in Jewish tradition for New York University Press, Westheimer was no Talmudic scholar. In interviews she would airily attribute to the Talmud a paraphrased Yiddish proverb, “Ven der Putz shtayt, der saychel gayt,” that was cited in Philip Roth’s novel Portnoy’s Complaint as “Ven der putz shteht
ligt der sechel in drerd,” to convey that intellectual capacity diminishes in a state of erotic arousal
Westheimer’s book on Eros in the Bible managed to convey that God is a mensch
Westheimer was helped in difficult times with comparable benevolence. As a single mother in New York with no high school diploma, she was offered childcare by Jewish Family Services while she obtained master’s and doctoral degrees in education, working with Shirley Zussman, a Jewish specialist in family life studies and Helen Singer Kaplan
A brief stint at Planned Parenthood in Harlem was followed by some adjunct teaching at
where she was fired for reasons she never publicly divulged
But unemployment allowed her time to begin radio broadcasting
Yet her immediate precedent as self-appointed mass media pop Jewish sex counselor was the psychiatrist David Reuben
Reuben’s Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex (*But Were Afraid to Ask) was derided for its claims that lesbianism is supposedly “immature” and that “food seems to have a mysterious fascination for homosexuals
Many of the world’s greatest chefs have been homosexuals.” Another Reuben observation: “Some of the fattest people are homosexuals.”
While appearing on the same TV chat shows as Reuben, unlike him, Westheimer maintained the seriousness of a therapist amidst the expected audience guffaws at her subject matter
To prevent Reuben-style mishegas on the subject of gender minorities, Westheimer studied with the American Jewish therapist and LGBT rights advocate Charles Silverstein at New York’s Institute for Human Identity
turning down an offer to host Saturday Night Live when it would have taken too much time from her busy professional schedule
Her encounters on camera with Jewish comedians ranged from Richard Lewis, who apparently saw the occasion as a free public therapy session, to Jerry Seinfeld who, although seated right next to her, screamed at her, or Jackie Mason
who made curiously bitter allusions to her earnings
Her closest rapport with any Jew on TV was likely with Joan Rivers
although Rivers complained that Westheimer’s latest book contained no revelations about the author’s intimate life
Westheimer and Israeli TV host Arad Nir hosted a talk show in Hebrew
which may be freely translated as “A Sort of Program on Sex” for Israel’s Channel 2
Her fascination with Israel and its people continued into old age
Possibly as a way of better understanding her own complex trajectory
studying Ethiopian Jews and Druze Israelis
She filmed the 2007 PBS documentary The Olive and the Tree: The Secret Strength of the Druze (2007) and produced an accompanying book coauthored with journalist Gil Sedan
she remembered her origins and how narrowly she had escaped annihilation
she paid her respects at that city’s commemorative statue honoring the Jewish children who had escaped wartime Fascist Europe on the so-called Kindertransport
The London statue was created by the Israeli architect and sculptor Frank Meisler
himself a Polish Jew saved by being evacuated to the UK
Westheimer liked to remind interviewers of the Eshet Chayil (woman of valor) from the Book of Proverbs
the valorous woman’s children rise to celebrate her and her husband offers this praise: “Many daughters have attained valor
this would be paraphrased to journalists with a dazzling grin to show that she meant the allusion half-humorously
yet her evident intelligence always showed seriousness of intent
Ruth Westheimer was indeed a woman of valor
Eshet Chayil was a victorious conjugal dialogue
referring to a husband’s personal life in which his spouse had excelled beyond all others
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The Divinity School is pleased to announce a public lecture by Alyssa Lehr Evans: "Luther in Cross-Cultural Translation: Exploring the International Contexts of the Reformations"
Martin Luther’s writings were translated into no less than ten languages
These translations have received surprisingly little scholarly attention given that they highlight international networks in the sixteenth century and the reception and cross-cultural translation of reformation ideas
A thorough analysis of the English translations of Luther offers new insights into the international context of the English Reformation and illuminates points of contact between centers of reform
a figure who tied together various branches of reform
Investigations of the Karlstadt Critical Edition revealed how sixteenth-century international printings were often not incorporated into major Reformation editions like the Weimar Edition (WA)
After an overview of more recent scholarship focusing on the connections between England and Wittenberg
such as one of the first full translations of Luther into English, The Revelation of Antichrist (Antwerp
to demonstrate the complexity and promise of this project
Alyssa Lehr Evans is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Chair of Church History at the University of Göttingen
Germany.She earned her PhD in the History of Christianity at Princeton Theological Seminary
As a member of the Karlstadt Critical Edition Team in Göttingen (2015-2017)
she worked on Karlstadt’s letters and writings from 1507-1520
“Karlstadt’s Reading of Augustine and the Process of Becoming a Reformer” (Mohr Siebeck)
“The English Luther,” explores sixteenth-century translations of Luther’s works into English
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Kate Connolly reports from the village where Trump’s grandfather was born
but finds more affection for its other famous family
Germany: on the trail of 'the Donald' in the Trump ancestral homeThis article is more than 9 years oldKate Connolly reports from the village where Trump’s grandfather was born
Kate Connolly in KallstadtFri 29 Jan 2016 17.43 CETLast modified on Fri 9 Feb 2018 20.18 CETShareDrumb
Dromb … the Trump family name has had various permutations over the past five hundred years
Yet nowadays there are few traces of a clan that once had a stronghold in the village of Kallstadt in south-west Germany
There is no plaque outside the house where Friedrich Trump
the grandfather of US presidential hopeful Donald
Photograph: WikipediaThe only hint is in the few gravestones
overgrown with shrubs bearing the name in the local cemetery
and the faint outline where once “Trump” was set in wrought iron above a bunch of silver grapes at a winery that went bankrupt several years ago
“I don’t see what all the fuss is about,” said Hans-Joachim Bender, a retired vintner, sitting at his dining room table looking out onto the vineyards he used to farm. “If you’re here to talk about Donald Trump
I don’t have an opinion about him one way or another except sometimes he’d be wiser to hold his tongue.” Like everyone here
Bender pronounces the name in the local Palatinate dialect as “Droomp”
However long one looks at 73-year-old Bender
it is hard to see any likeness with the New York property tycoon
There is none of the blonde double combover hair
and unlike Trump – a teetotaller – Bender enjoys a drop or two of his own homemade Riesling wine
like several people in this village of 1,200 inhabitants
“My great great grandma was Friedrich’s mother,” he says
“But I don’t know what that makes me to Donald.” His grandmother was one of the last Trumps
his grandfather was a Heinz – as in ketchup
View image in fullscreenBernd Weissenborn
Photograph: Martin Leissl“Both the Trumps and the Heinzes came from the village,” explains Simone Wendel
who pulls out a family tree to explain her own Trump connection
“My mother’s cousin was married to the grandson of Donald Trump’s great uncle
a 54-year-old vintner who says he is a second cousin once removed to Donald
surrounded by bottles of some of the 180,000 litres of Rieslings and Merlots he produces every year
left a note for his mother on the kitchen table saying he had gone to America.” So local legend has it
he had not wanted to work in the family vineyard
“His motivation to do so was that as the sixth child of a poor family
he had little to keep him in Kallstadt,” Weisenborn said
Donald Trump’s second cousin takes up the story in Wendel’s 2014 film documentary Kings of Kallstadt
“He went to the Yukon gold mines in Alaska
Being a man of weak constitution he didn’t want to break his fingernails himself ..
so he opened up a restaurant and provided vast amounts of food and drink for the gold miners
Trailer for Kings of Kallstadt.Some also say prostitutes were among the services he provided
But the Kallstadters are hesitant to go into that
preferring instead to focus on the nuggets that Friedrich sent back to his sisters in New York
The sisters had already emigrated to the United States
and used the nuggets to buy up real estate
Trump is discussed in the village a lot these days
though it is mainly a subject brought up by visitors on the trail of “The Donald”
who readily admit to finding it all a little trying
They would prefer to talk instead about the ice wine from Kallstadt that was served at the coronation celebrations of Queen Elizabeth
or how former German chancellor Helmut Kohl used to dispatch his driver Ecki
to the Saumagen Paradies (Pig Stomach Paradise) butchers to pick up his favourite dish of the same name
Local records document how Friedrich returned to the village several years after his initial departure
View image in fullscreenThe popular Saumagen Paradies (pig stomach paradise) butchers in Kallstadt
Photograph: Martin Leissl“She was desperate to settle down in Kallstadt
the authorities governing at that time didn’t allow him to stay
on account of his having skipped military service and so he was deported,” Wendel explains
“So you know to blame the Germans if you want to hold someone responsible if Donald Trump becomes the next US president,” says Uli Meyer
stopping for a chat as he cycles through the village
I’ll stick to talking about our forefathersBernd WeisenbornThe couple went to the US with their daughter and Donald Trump’s father
Friedrich died in the flu epidemic of 1918
the base upon which the family went on to build and buy up New York real estate
“it should really be Elizabeth.” Elizabeth is still remembered with affection
not least by those who recall how she returned to Kallstadt twice
including to celebrate her 80th birthday in 1950
Wendel has spent years searching for what she calls the “Kallstadt gene”
something that would explain the village’s disproportionate amount of success stories relative to its size
‘can it be a coincidence that two such giants have their roots in my own little village’,” she says
View image in fullscreenSimone Wendel in Kallstadt
Photograph: Martin Leissl“We’re very down-to-earth,” says Thomas Weick
over a meal of the speciality stuffed pig’s stomach dish
And every housewife here is capable of producing ketchup
It is said to be a bit thinner than Heinz’s
but also comes in a wide range of varieties
Most people in the village would prefer not to be drawn on Trump’s politics
though they acknowledge the irony in the success of a man who has garnered support for criticising migrants being founded on the success of his grandfather
So you know to blame the Germans if you want to hold someone responsibleUli Meyer“As a well-known Kallstadt phrase goes: ‘Before you put your mouth into gear
be sure to turn your brain on’,” says Weisenborn
“But just as everyone in Kallstadt appreciates good performance you have to hand it to him that he’s clearly touched a nerve with the people
I’ll stick to talking about our forefathers.”
There was a time when Trump was embarrassed to admit his German connection
His repeated references to himself as Swedish even prompted the Swedish town of Karlstad to begin planning a museum in his honour
In Kings of Kallstadt he made perhaps his frankest admission on the subject yet
View image in fullscreenA Trump family grave in Kallstadt
Photograph: Martin LeisslThe family’s reluctance to acknowledge their Germanness had much to do with hostility levelled at German-Americans during the first world war
while after the second world war the Trumps’ qualms continued as many of their customers were Jewish Holocaust survivors
The Kallstadters take it on the chin that Donald was cautious about revealing his origins
but their reluctance to heap praise nevertheless suggests more than just a little reserve towards him
“It was the Heinz family who donated the money for the organ restoration fund,” says Peter Grieger the senior village caretaker
recalling how 15 years ago they gave the village a donation of €40,000
The Heinzes have also endeared themselves by returning to the village for occasional holidays
although they are careful to remain incognito
View image in fullscreenKallstadt vineyards
Photograph: Martin LeisslThe house where Friedrich Trump was born is very much still standing – a solid
unadorned stone structure with a sign on its blue backyard gate revealing the Kallstadters’ dry humour: “God sees everything
my neighbour even more.” Wendel said she showed Trump a photograph of it when she met him
What the man who has said he would return all refugees back to Syria
and who has vociferously opposed Merkel’s open door policy
would also no doubt notice about Kallstadt
“It’s certainly not that we’re not open to them,” the mayor
either for refugees or for Donald Trump’.” The village’s economic success – driven by its booming wine industry – means there is no spare room
so refugees have been placed in neighbouring towns
“Property prices have been going through the roof,” Jaworek adds
just in case the property tycoon was considering buying his ancestral home back
No one will admit that they have any interest in watching what happens to Trump as the US presidential primary season
“But God help us if he wins,” said the mayor
“Then everyone will want to come to Kallstadt.”
When Martin Luther wrestled with God and His justice
there was one man who understood him: Johann von Staupitz
His name appears in all books about Luther
that he tried to reform the Catholic Church from within
Luther never intended a break with the Church
nor did he think his 'new' theology was his invention
his confessor Johann von Staupitz had handed him “all my things” ('all mein ding')
It was Staupitz who had instigated the new doctrine
Staupitz had been of enormous importance to Luther personally
this important theologian –for Luther the forerunner of his Reformation– has remained somewhat obscure
What do we know about his theology and spirituality
And was Luther right when he honoured him as the man who was the first to discover the Reformed doctrine of the justification of the impious
We discuss these questions with Professor Markus Wriedt (1958)
who recently retired as a professor of Church History at Goethe University in Frankfurt
He wrote his PhD about Staupitz in 1991 (Gnade und Erwählung: Eine Untersuchung zu Johann von Staupitz und Martin Luther [Grace and Election: A Study into Johann von Staupitz and Martin Luther]) and has been studying Staupitz's life and works ever since
Luther was going through a critical period in his spiritual life
plagued by persistent thoughts about his sinfulness
he entrusted Luther with the chair in biblical theology
Augustinian and Biblical strains of thought
He guided Luther into Scripture and taught him to focus on God's grace
He pointed Luther to salvation through the blood of Christ.”
Wriedt tells that Staupitz pointed Luther to the crucifix
“He blamed Luther for not surrendering to the merits of Christ's suffering and death
actually said to Christ: "It is very impressive what you did
This advice from his confessor eventually convinced Luther and contributed to his "Turmerlebnis"
his discovery of justification by faith alone.”
It is virtually impossible to give an exact date of Luther's Reformation breakthrough
as it is with the circumstances of his posting the 95 Theses
“We must not forget that within the community of the University of Wittenberg
there was an atmosphere of discussion and dispute
Luther's colleagues Andreas Karlstad and Johann Lang also published theses
Luther wrote about his sudden and unexpected discoveries
he may have compressed his memories and centred rather long developments into one particular moment.”
Do Luther's confessions of his dependence on Staupitz mean that Luther was right in naming Staupitz as the man to whom he owed his theological discoveries
“It is difficult to assess Staupitz' theology”
“We know Staupitz was a very pious man –though not a mystic– a sensitive preacher who excelled in pastoral care
his publications landed on the Index of Forbidden Books
We have sermons written down by a secretary and printed afterwards
results from a series of sermons he preached in Nürnberg that were later entrusted to paper after they had been translated into Latin
there are only very few references to the sources he used
there are only two references to Augustine
He wanted to interpret the Bible's text and confront his listeners and readers with the Biblical message
so it is very difficult to label his theology.”
we can say that Staupitz sent Luther on track
“He showed him the way to his Reformation breakthrough
without that intention but by insisting on the importance of Christ's sacrifice
He understood what Luther was going through
although he believed Luther exaggerated his sense of sin and guilt
recommended the reading of the Theologia Deutsch to Luther – a late medieval mystical text
which strengthened Luther in his conviction that theology is a matter of the heart and should be expressed in the vernacular
Staupitz influenced Luther's lectures on Romans in 1515/1516
The instigations are found hidden between the lines
In his latest writings on the grace of God
Staupitz stressed the gratuity of God's grace and protested against the scholastic doctrine of merit.”
The Reformation was a church renewal movement in the 16th century
The aim was to bring the church back to the authority of the Bible
The main leaders were Martin Luther and John Calvin
Staupitz did not follow Luther when he got into conflict with the Church and was expelled
Wierdt: “He never took a clear position in this conflict
Staupitz was convinced that Luther himself did not force this breach
so it caused much pain that he was expelled
he refused to publicly condemn his friend and former student
So a lot remains hidden in the fog of history.”
not to label Staupitz as a forerunner of the Reformation but as a front-runner of the Catholic Reformation – which is the title of a compelling book by my colleague Franz Posset
The concept of "forerunner" is anachronistic
Luther was convinced that Staupitz had lit the candle of the Gospel in his heart and that he had shot an arrow that was to remain in his innermost self for the rest of his life.”
Johann von Staupitz (1465-1524) was born in Motterwitz (near Leipzig) in a family of old Saxon nobility
It is interesting to know that his sister Magdalena belonged to the group of nine nuns that fled the monastery they lived in after the Reformation – Luther's future wife Katharina von Bora was also one of them
Staupitz studied in Cologne (bachelor in 1484) and Leipzig (master of arts
he was accepted into the Augustinian order of friars in Munich before being transferred to Tübingen
where he was eventually promoted to the rank of prior
Staupitz was made a Doctor of Theology and three years later
he was elected to the post of Vicar General of the German Congregation of Augustinians
When Frederic the Wise founded the new University of Wittenberg in 1502
Staupitz was made dean of the theological faculty
eventually joining the order of the Benedictines
We were granted exclusive access to the "sacred production halls" of the Croatian manufacturer HS Produkt
which first came to our attention at the turn of the millennium with the HS 2000 polymer-framed service pistol
the product portfolio has expanded massively
as well as the tests of the new models and the relationship with Springfield Armory in the USA
the previous production capacities became too small
so that the company relocated from Ozalj to Karlovac in 2001
the company was renamed from IM Metal to HS Produkt
the company was able to export over 5 million guns to the USA by 2016
If you add up all the caliber/barrel length and equipment configurations
over 200 model variants were built based on the successful model
the HS Produkt company is growing at an impressive rate
the red brick building in which HS Produkt is now located catches the eye
We received a friendly welcome and were allowed to enter the company premises as the first EU journalists
we pass an impressive gallery of awards for the company
which is as commercially successful as it is innovative
Managing Director Zeljko Pavlin introduces us to the company history and HS Produkt's road to success
Like almost everyone who works in the development department today
he is also a veteran and knows first-hand what matters in a gun in an emergency
This is where personal experience and technical know-how come together
making it the largest employer in the region
the Croatian manufacturer ranks second in U.S
over 6 million pistols have been sold and annual sales exceed $130 million
the entire profit flowed back into the company to generate the capacity to invest in the latest technologies
This also involved building its own tooling manufacturing facility
These efforts culminate in 2019 with the establishment of the "Center of Competence"
where more efficient and ecological production methods are being researched in collaboration with other producers
The list of accomplishments is absolutely impressive
XDE models and the Hellcat the best pistols in the U.S
as well as the ISO 9001-2015 and ISO 14001-2015
the military bullpup assault rifle VHS (Višenamjenska Hrvatska Strojnica = Croatian Multi-Purpose Assault Rifle) in 5.56x45 mm NATO appeared on the market
Thanks to its design with the cartridge chamber and magazine placed behind the trigger
a bullpup rifle is far more compact than a conventional assault rifle with identical barrel length and ballistic performance
Available with both a 410 mm and 500 mm barrel
the VHS uses a short-stroke gas operating system with an adjustable gas block
the improved successor model VHS-2 appeared
the most interesting feature is the tool-free conversion of the case ejection from right to left and vice versa in a matter of seconds
But also the now extendable stock and the hand guard have been redesigned and the upper carrying handle has been replaced by an optics mounting rail for a telescopic sight
The former FAMAS-style fire selector switch in the trigger guard has been relocated with a double-sided control directly above the pistol grip
leaving the trigger guard area clear for more comfortable operation even when wearing gloves
The VHS-1/2 assault rifle also shows the practical experience of its developers
The short 370 mm barrel of the standard M4 carbine used by the U.S
armed forces means that the 5.56x45 mm NATO has poor ballistic performance at longer ranges
the company opted for a modular bullpup system with compact dimensions
a 500 mm barrel and an operational range of up to 800 meters
to change shoulder and shoot with the "weak" hand
then the stock can be moved back by 10 cm to eject the cases in front of the head
which is not a matter of course for bullpup rifles
The basic version for police duties is equipped with a 410-mm barrel
The barrel length is sufficient for the usual operational distances and the compact semi-automatic rifle shows its advantages in confined spaces and emergency vehicles
This has achieved the goal of providing police officers with a weapon with which they can respond to any situation without letting unnecessary time pass until special forces arrive on the scene.The modular system includes various sight setups from simple iron sights to red dot sights with 1.5x magnification
The VHS-2 comes with translucent plastic magazines that strongly resemble those of the HK G36
They can be coupled to each other on the side to ensure quick magazine changes
Optional equipment also includes a 40 mm grenade launcher
Such "Less Lethal" projectiles are primarily intended for riot control
also showed us early AK-based bullpup prototypes that never went into serial production
Briefly on the US civilian Hellion: based on this HS Produkt VHS-2
Springfield Armory now offers the brand new Hellion semi-automatic civilian version
The compact rifle with 16"/406-mm barrel weighs around 3,630 grams empty and reaches an overall length of 71.7 to 75.5 cm
depending on the position of the length-adjustable five-position stock
The Hellion is offered in the USA for $1,999
Test stations integrated into the manufacturing process are part of every production step and every single manufacturing station
"When a gun leaves the premises in a case today
everything is made here except for the foam insert." Even the tools for machining the individual gun components are made in-house
we didn't miss the opportunity to test the SF19 – one of the newest sport pistols – on site
You can read the results in the next part of the series..
Soon we will continue with part two of the series on HS Produkt
including the test of the HS Produkt SF19 sport pistol
Here you will find more information about HS Produkt company and the entire product range of the manufacturer
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Logout Gateway to the world of smart farming
According to BayWa the use of drones in biological pest control
BayWa AG says the use of drones in agriculture is increasing
The company is experiencing a growing interest in biological pest control in corn in particular: this year alone
the number of hectares treated in the sales area has doubled compared with the previous year
Especially in the German region of Baden-Württemberg
where drone operations are funded by the state
The European corn borer is one of the main targets when it comes to biological pest control using drones. The corn borer can cause significant economic damage. It is estimated that 4 percent of the world’s corn harvest – around 41 million tonnes – is being destroyed by the European corn borer every year, says BayWa
To combat it without the use of chemicals eggs of the parasitic wasp (Trichogramma) – a natural enemy of the European corn borer – are applied in the field
A GPS-controlled drone acts as a means of transport: it flies over the field according to a predetermined route and automatically discards capsules with parasitic waspes at regular intervals
The capsules consist mainly of cellulose or cornstarch and are naturally degraded
the use of drones is a simple and efficient way to reduce the use of pesticides,” says Martin Scheiner
the corn in his fields is often already 3 meters high
Combating the pest with a sprayer automatically means damaging large parts of the corn field
“The drone spares the plants and the environment
it does the job really fast,” says Scheiner
Also read: UAV-IQ offers drone-based aerial biocontrol
Subscribe to our newsletter to stay updated about all the need-to-know content in the agricultural sector
It's a good time to celebrate the life of the Serbian-American engineer and physicist: Without Tesla
you might not be able to affordably power your home
Tesla filed more than 300 patents during his 86 years of life
and his inventions helped pave the way for alternating current (AC)
Some of his ideas later in life, however, seem strange even now. He once described plans for a death ray, for example, and alluded to another idea for an impenetrable "wall of force" to block and destroy foreign invasions
Here's a glimpse into the remarkable life of one of history's most important - and eccentric - geniuses
1856 in Smiljan in the Austo-Hungarian Empire (modern-day Croatia)
was a Serbian Orthodox Priest and his mother
Tesla was initially interested in studying physics and mathematics
He took a job as an electrical engineer at a telephone company in Budapest in 1881
He developed the concept of an induction motor while walking in a park with a friend
he built a prototype of the induction motor (an AC motor powered by electromagnetic induction) and tested it successfully
Since he couldn't get anyone in Europe interested in it
Tesla came to the United States to work for Thomas Edison in New York
Tesla's childhood dream was to harness the power of Niagara Falls
he designed the first hydroelectric power plant in the Falls
A statue was later erected on Goat Island in Tesla's honor
and made a potion from vegetables like artichokes and celery
He claimed he never slept for more than two hours at a time
Tesla did admit to dozing off sometimes to "recharge his batteries."
he once worked for 84 hours without sleeping
Tesla discovered the rotating magnetic field
a principle of physics that forms the basis for nearly all devices that use AC power
He used this principle to construct the AC induction motor and polyphase system for the generation
While Tesla was working in Thomas Edison's lab in New Jersey
the two fought a 'war' with over the best form of electrical current
Edison favored direct current or DC (which flows in one direction)
while Tesla favored alternating current or AC (which changes direction periodically)
This led to the "war of the currents," which Tesla eventually won because of AC's greater efficiency
Tesla also worked closely with industrialist and inventor George Westinghouse
and their partnership helped establish electricity across America
Tesla wrote a classic paper called "A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers"
in which he introduced the concept of his motors and electrical systems
and they ended up partnering to work on bringing electricity to the rest of the country
Tesla's AC-driven system remains the world standard for delivering electricity today
a device that is widely used today in radios
Tesla developed an induction coil that produced high-frequency alternating currents
He used it in experiments to produce electric lighting
the coils are mostly used in educational displays and entertainment
Tesla patented the basic system of radio in 1896
The invention of radio is often credited to Guglielmo Marconi
who made the first transatlantic radio transmission in 1901
But Tesla developed patents for the basic elements of a radio transmitter that were later used by Marconi - a point that led the two into a court battle
Tesla also dreamed up two concepts that remained purely theoretical: the 'death ray' and an 'impenetrable wall of force' that would foreign invasions
The FBI kept a dossier on Tesla throughout his life in the US, but kept it classified until 2011, when the bureau publicly released 250 pages
In 1943, when Tesla died, electrical engineer and military technology researcher John G. Trump - who an April 2016 New Yorker article dubbed President Trump's "nuclear" uncle - examined Tesla's effects for the FBI and reported his findings
John Trump reportedly told the Bureau: "Tesla's 'thoughts and efforts during at least the past 15 years were primarily of a speculative
and somewhat promotional character,' but 'did not include new
workable principles or methods for realising such results.'"
Tesla used to take walks to the park to feed the pigeons
He developed an unusual relationship with a white pigeon that used to visit him every day
"I loved that pigeon as a man loves a woman
there was a purpose to my life," Tesla reportedly said
This article was originally published by Business Insider.
The choices of time travel in Munich are vast. This list picks out ten museums in Munich that are guaranteed to satisfy your curiosity:
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the Neue Pinakothek and the Pinakothek der Moderne combine the old
From Albrecht Dürer’s dark gothic portraits
to the five bright sunflowers of Vincent Van Gogh to Salvador Dali’s gloomy dreams: The three Pinakotheken are the best known museums in Munich
They offer an art collection that can engage you for years
the Alte Pinakothek has a collection of 700 paintings alone
green lawns full of students in the summer and late-night tango dancers in the halls of the Pinakothek der Moderne
they create a district of art and culture of their own
The Neue Pinakothek is currently closed but selected works are shown at the Alte Pinakothek
and if you still yearn for art after three separate exhibitions you can visit Museum Brandhorst
Museum Brandhorst exhibits contemporary art from Warhol to Twombly to now
Good to know: Tickets for the Pinakotheken are only 1€ on Sundays
Die Pinakotheken
Alte Pinakothek: Di./Mi.: 10:00-20:30; Do./So.:10:00-18:00; Tickets: 8,80€
Selection of the exhibition showed at “Alte Pinakothek”
Pinakothek der Moderne: Di./Mi.: 10:00-18:00; Do.:10:00-20:00; Fri
Museum Brandhorst: 10:00-18:00; Do.:10:00-20:00; Fri
Museum Villa Stuck is known for surprising guests with modern concepts of art
an exhibition of 李明維 (Lee Mingwei) makes art participative
you create art which explores the principle of 禮 (Li)
Confucianism’s thoughts on hospitality and ritual
The theme of hospitality is incredibly suited for Museum Villa Stuck
Not just because of its friendly Art Nouveau interior
but also because it frequently hosts exhibitions of participatory art
artists create settings or situations for interaction
Museum Villa Stuck, Prinzregentenstraße 60
Opening Hours: Di.-So.: 11:00-18:00; Tickets: 9€
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the “Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst” does not host Ikea furniture
etched in obelisks and cracked sculptures tell you the history of Egypt from the Intermediary period to Ptolomaic Egypt
much of this collection has been digitalised and descriptions
models and highlighters were made to guide you through the story of ancient Egypt
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, Gabelsbergerstraße 35
Opening Hours: Di.: 10:00-20:00; Mi-So.: 10:00-18:00; Tickets: 7€, Sunday 1€
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On the brink of World War One “Der Blaue Reiter” (The Blue Rider) was an art collective from Munich
It was most prominently shaped by the Russian emigrant Wassily Kandinsky and the Munich artist Franz Marc
their biggest collection resides in museums whose walls change colour: the Lenbachhaus
The Lenbachhaus tries to act purposefully with its possession
since many projects support disadvantaged groups or senior citizens
It follows the Blaue Reiter credo: “The whole of a work
Lenbachhaus, Luisenstraße 33
Opening Hours: Di.-So.:10:00-18:00; Do.: 10:00-20:00; Tickets: 10€
View this post on Instagram A post shared by Jüdisches Museum München (@juedischesmuseum)
Jüdisches Museum, Sankt-Jakobs-Platz 16
Opening Hours: Di.-So.: 10:00–18:00 Uhr; Tickets: 6€
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The museum for graffiti artists and muralists
The Museum of Urban and Contemporary Art celebrates artists who had started their career on the fringes of illegality
waiting for someone else to paint it over or tear it down
by giving it a stage rather than the blink of an eye
Museum of Urban and Contemporary Art, Hotterstraße 12
Opening Hours: Mi.-Sa.: 10:00-20:00, So.:10:00-18:00; Tickets: 7,50€
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Although German is therefore not required for a visit
Valentin Karlstadt Musäum, Tal 50
Opening Hours: Mo./Di.: 11:00-18:00; Do.-Su.: 11:00-18:00; Tickets: 3€
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An island of technology and German engineering
Deutsches Museum is Munich’s scientific museum
You can observe airplanes from the world wars
The curiosity of Deutsches Museum requires an island of its own
Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1
View this post on Instagram A post shared by NS-Dokuzentrum München (@nsdoku)
it’s headquarters which was called the “Brown House”
stands the NS-Dokumentationszentrum München
the culture of remembrance is a term for the nationwide documentation of and the confrontation with its National Socialist past
The NS-Dokumentationszentrum was built in order to deal with this past
The interiors of the squared white building document the dark rise of Nazism and the stories of its countless victims
NS-Dokumentationszentrum München, Max-Mannheimer-Platz 1
Opening Hours: Di.-So.: 10:00-19:00; Tickets: Free Entry
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built the Glyptothek to store his collection of antiques
Light floods the brick halls of the Glyptothek and is reflected off of famous sculptures
the Glyptothek also hosts a variety of open air events
such as reenactions of greek theater or readings within its sunny patio
Glyptothek
Opening Hours: Di.-Mi.: 10:00-17:00; Do.: 10:00-20:00; Fr.-So.: 10:00-17:00; Tickets: 6€; Sunday 1€
No matter how gray it is outside - you can also exercise indoors
for example by swimming lanes in the Olympic swimming hall
you've definitely earned a little relaxation in the sauna
The Finnish log cabin on the open-air terrace of the Dantebad becomes even cozier when the rain is pelting down on it
it's also worth visiting Schwabing's Nordbad or one of Munich's other swimming pools
a visit to Munich's cinemas is always a good idea
because with hot action or heartwarming romance
the grim weather outside is quickly forgotten.
Munich offers a wide variety of cinemas: You can choose whether you want to see a movie in a large
or whether you prefer the coziness of a smaller theater like the Museum Lichtspielhaus
You can’t go to the Deutsches Museum often enough
Although some areas are currently closed for renovation
the museum is still large enough for several hours of wandering about
the exciting Kinderreich (Children’s Kingdom) awaits.
Climbing is not only possible in the mountains
but also indoors: At Munich's bouldering centers
you don't have to miss out on the thrill of heights even in bad weather
Just take a look at the DAV climbing centers in Thalkirchen or Freimann
If you don't want to get active yourself in the Olympic swimming hall
Because in Munich's largest aquarium there is an incredible variety of aquatic life - from fearsome sharks to cute turtles or relaxed octopuses
BMW Welt isn’t just impressive from the outside: If elegant car design gets your heart pounding
famous car manufacturer BMW exhibits its own vehicles and some from other companies
while the neighboring BMW Museum continues to present exciting temporary exhibitions
What's more relaxing than a hot tea in the warmth when raindrops are beading on the glass outside
And when it comes to tea houses and tea stores
From specialty stores like Tea 4 you in Schwabing
Tee-Handels-Kontor Bremen in the Stachus Passagen to Teehaus Tushita in the Glockenbachviertel with its Japanese flair - here you will find the tea of your choice
These and other bizarre exhibits from the lives of legendary Munich comedians Karl Valentin and Liesl Karlstadt can be seen in the Valentin Karlstadt Musäum within the Isartor
you can then take a cup of coffee in the Turmstüberl at the very top of the historic city gate
and feel sorry for the passersby that hurry through the rin outside
Tram 19 is the perfect option for a sightseeing tour of the city center in bad weather - you don’t even need an umbrella for this Munich tour in the rain
Line 19 passes through some of the most beautiful corners of Munich
It then passes Maximilianstrasse with the impressive building of the government of Upper Bavaria
and strolls through the Haidhausen district to the final stop of Berg am Laim
The best part: This city tour isn’t even expensive - you'll only need a normal ticket
Tram 21 has also been running most of this sightseeing route since 2018
and from here the path splits to Max-Weber-Platz with line 19 - then it continues through Haidhausen and Berg am Laim to the final stop at St.-Veit-Strasse
yet another sightseeing tip by tram: Line 16 also passes numerous sights
such as the large-scale sculpture Mae West at Effnerplatz
the Bayerische Nationalmuseum (Bavarian National Museum)
and the Maxmonument (Maximilian II Monument)
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Singapore – A homeless German man was spotted at Block 106 Hougang Avenue 1
He revealed that he was surviving on welfare and help from kindhearted strangers after his marriage ended and he left his job
The story of a 49-year-old Thomas (translated from Mandarin) who came from Karlstadt, Germany, was featured in Chinese newspaper Shin Min Daily News on Mar 13
Mr Thomas arrived in Singapore 10 years ago
He started a family and became a Singapore Permanent Resident
He worked in the construction and renovation sector before starting a company and earning S$12,000 a month as its director
Mr Thomas had a falling out with his partners and left the company
It was reported that his marriage with his Singaporean wife also broke down
Mr Thomas left their Hougang flat and moved in with a friend
He moved out during the Covid-19 pandemic and has been sleeping rough on the streets since then
He told the publication that he has been dependent on donations for almost a year and found shelter in parks and other places
Mr Thomas would rely on kindhearted strangers and the nearby Man Fut Tong Lin Chee Cheng Sia Temple
The Hougang Sheng Hong Family Service Centre is also assisting Mr Thomas
A social worker from the centre told Shin Min that the former company director could not remember recent events clearly
He has to undergo a health check-up before the centre could decide on a proper form of assistance
Mr Thomas revealed that he did not have his passport
nor could he remember his bank account PIN
He was also too embarrassed to seek help from his relatives back home
He has been job hunting and would even personally apply at construction companies
He has not been successful in his search thus far
Mr Thomas presumes that employers initially think he would require a high salary because he is Caucasian
he claimed he did not mind taking up cleaning jobs
Shin Min confirmed that the German Embassy in Singapore was aware of Mr Thomas’ situation./TISG
Read related: Volunteers book hotel room for homeless man with their SingapoRediscovers Vouchers
Volunteers book hotel room for homeless man with their SingapoRediscovers Vouchers
Nach Unterfranken sind laut Bayerischer Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF) nun auch Mittelfranken und Oberfranken betroffen
Bei Menschen kann die Baumkrankheit Entzündungen in der Lunge auslösen und zu Reizhusten
Das Gesundheitsamt des Landkreises Würzburg rät Spaziergängern, Verdachtsgebiete zu meiden. Hinweise auf betroffene Regionen erhielten Bürger in den Amtsblättern und auf den Internetseiten der Gemeinden. Bei Symptomen wie Atemnot und Fieber sollten Patienten den Arzt auf eventuelle Waldbesuche und Baumkontakte hinweisen.
Grund für die Ausbreitung ist das warme Klima. Ob dabei die Dürre oder die Wärme entscheidend ist, ist laut LWF noch unbekannt. Ohnehin sei die aus Amerika eingeschleppte Krankheit kaum erforscht. In Bayern ist sie 2018 zum ersten Mal aufgetaucht, in Deutschland im Jahr 2005. Auch das Entsorgen der betroffenen Bäume stellt ein Risiko dar. Die Pilzsporen könnten sich beim Zersägen weiter ausbreiten.
Schimmelpilze: Nicht nur im Essen eine Gefahr
Der Name Rußrindenkrankheit rührt daher, dass die Sporen schwarz sind. Der Pilz wächst unter der Rinde bis jene aufreißt. Derzeit setzen auch Schädlinge wie Schwammspinner, Fichtenborkenkäfer und Eichenprozessionsspinner den Bäumen im Freistaat zu.
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1527 the bubonic plague returned to the German city of Wittenberg
It had been nearly two centuries since the Black Death
but that dreaded disease had continued to flare up
killing 30% or more of the population in each of its periodic outbreaks
Though the students and faculty of Wittenberg were told to leave the city
that university’s most famous professor stayed put: teaching
Just yesterday I saw three different Facebook friends share Luther’s words
“there was an obligation to help those who contracted the plague
it was a matter of conscience if one remained to aide [sic] in this great task… What is unique to Martin Luther is that all of these words were backed by his willingness to actually follow his own advice
Not only did he and Katharina open their own home as a ward to the infected
but he recognized the opportunity to preach Christ to those literally days away from death.”
I’d recommend reading Luther’s letter itself
plus the commentaries from writers like Yang and Gilbert
But I’d like to offer some historical and theological context
to help us understand why Luther was writing
we should understand that plague was never far from most Europeans’ experience
there was a significant outbreak on average of every nine years from the 1490s through the mid-17th century
Luther himself was no stranger to the disease; it had struck the university town of Erfurt in 1505
in the middle of his famous transition from rising law student to troubled Augustinian monk
as the nearness of death persuaded the humanist-educated Zwingli that “Erasmian-style exhortations to virtue seemed unavailing; seeking spiritual transformation
Zwingli found redemption in the reborn Christ.” (Erasmus himself
fled the plague several times before and during the Reformation.)
That same year, 1519, plague also broke out in Paris, one of the intellectual centers of Europe. Among the university students who fled was Conrad Grebel
who ended up returning to Zurich and coming under the influence of Zwingli
Grebel and other Zwinglians broke with their mentor
as their study of Scripture convinced them that infants were not meant to be baptized
the city council persecuted such early Anabaptists
Grebel managed to escape jail in 1526 and flee to Maienfeld
where another outbreak of the plague dealt a final blow to his weakened health
A year later the same disease took the life of another Anabaptist leader, Hans Denck, who had taken refuge in Basel. In 1541, that same Swiss city became the final resting place of the radical theologian Andreas Karlstadt
His estranged friend Martin Luther found the cause of death ironic
since Karlstadt was “the plague himself of the Basle Church.”
It wasn’t just Protestants who were affected
In 1522 a Dutch scholar sympathetic to Erasmus was inaugurated as Pope Adrian VI
in the middle of an outbreak of plague that was killing nearly three dozen Romans a day
hoping to bring about a moral and intellectual reformation of the Church
He died a year later (not from plague) at age 64 and was succeeded by Clement VII
who was in Rome when plague returned in 1527 — while German soldiers sacked the city and the papal court sheltered in the Castel Sant’Angelo
That was just a few months before the plague hit Wittenberg
Luther’s response to the crisis was motivated by more than just pastoral concern
a Dominican polemicist used such stories as ammunition in the war of words raging between Catholics and Protestants
Luther acknowledged that how one responded to the plague could be viewed as a test of faith in God
He could not “censure” those who stayed in a plague-stricken city
which he sends upon us for our sins… They look upon running away as an outright wrong and as lack of belief in God.”
Andreas Osiander gravely affirmed that “this horrible plague of pestilence cometh out of God’s wrath
because of the despising and transgressing of his godly commandments.”
Luther did not doubt the reality of God’s judgments
but refused to condemn those who tried to escape death
no one should try to escape a burning house or save themselves from drowning
“instead of letting yourself be punished until hunger and thirst stop of themselves?” Would such Christians no longer join Jesus in praying that God would “deliver us from evil”
Even someone so highly educated as Martin Luther did not understand the causes of a disease like the bubonic plague
But while Osiander warned against attributing epidemics to “natural” causes rather than God’s mysterious judgments
Luther rebuked Christians who make “no use of intelligence or medicine,” those who
do not avoid places and persons infected by the plague
but lightheartedly make sport of it… They say that it is God’s punishment; if he wants to protect them he can do so without medicines or our carefulness
God has created medicines and provided us with intelligence to guard and take good care of the body so that we can live in good health
Our “intelligence or medicine” is far beyond that of Luther’s day
yet some Christians continue to ignore the advice of doctors
we should recognize in Luther’s response to the plague his doctrine of Christian vocation
According to the Lutheran scholar Kathryn Kleinhans
“Luther broadened the concept of vocation from a narrow ecclesiastical focus to describe the life and work of all Christians in response to God’s call.” As Luther helped Protestants extend their understanding of vocation from a special focus on monastic or clerical calling
they learned to “reject the call to be ‘apart from’ the world in favor of a call to be ‘a part of’ the world
It was not the nature of a work itself that was determinative for the Lutheran understanding of vocation
either as affirmation of a special spiritual work or as rejection of a particularly secular work
What was determinative was responding in faith to God’s call to be of service.”
Being called “to be of service” runs through all of Luther’s 1527 letter on the plague
While it was “natural… and not forbidden” to save one’s own life
there was a higher calling to love God and one’s neighbor
It was only “as long as he does not neglect his duty toward his neighbor” that one could choose to flee the plague
Osiander’s 1537 sermon on plague criticized those who “out of inordinate fear of this plague
and faithfulness which they (out of God’s commandment) are bound to show unto their neighbors….”
And particular callings might require particular courage
Luther expected healthcare workers to continue to care for the body
and preachers and pastors to keep caring for souls
that they could leave if enough others remained to care for the sick and dying.) But don’t skip past this paragraph from early in Luther’s letter:
…all those in public office such as mayors
and the like are under obligation to remain
which institutes secular authority and commands that town and country be ruled
“The governing authorities are God’s ministers for your own good.”
Though his chief concern here was with maintaining social order
Luther also dreamed of a government so efficient that it would “maintain municipal homes and hospitals staffed with people to take care of the sick… That would indeed be a fine
and Christian arrangement to which everyone should offer generous help and contributions
(The particular calling of political leaders in the midst of a public health crisis was also central to Theodore Beza’s Treatise on the Plague
Geneva’s leading theologian held it the “duty of the Christian Magistrate to provide that those things which either breed or nourish the plague
and that regard may be had of those that be visited with this sickness
that all be not driven to be careful for all
But how they that serve in any public Civil office may leave their charge in the time of plague
In one of his table talks
Luther hoped to see government placed in the hands of
and who aim at the common good and prosperity
but how few governors and rulers think thereon
They make a trade and traffic of government; they cannot govern themselves: how
should they govern great territories and multitudes of people…
But even as I want to remind each of you of your calling as citizens of a democratic republic
in which leaders are accountable to the people
it’s also important to underscore that we all have multiple callings
“The arenas of worldly activity identified by Luther,” Kleinhans continued
“are not mutually exclusive: one can be a parent
and a member of the Christian community simultaneously.”
Christian vocation was both particular and plural
But historian and teacher are but two of my callings
Back when colleges were still holding face-to-face classes
I had asked a friend who is an ordained Lutheran pastor to talk to some of my students
She told the story of her midlife call to ministry
but explained that her most important vocation
She had taken a sabbatical from her job as pastor in order to have time to travel to and from her hometown
As she talked about her multiple vocations
I recognized the most problematic aspect of Luther’s response to the 1527 plague
Was he being faithful to his calling when he continued to teach
or when he wrote the letter Christians read to this day
But what about his calling as a father and husband
Luther’s decision to remain in Wittenberg was bold
but also revealed a reckless disregard for his own safety and that of his family
It may have been a residue of his wish for martyrdom
another example of the remarkable courage that enabled him not to shirk what he felt to be his responsibility to his flock.