A pastor and chaplain who nurtured many interests Peter Kranenburg's life was defined by the power and grace of Jesus Christ “His love for Jesus permeated his life,” eulogized one of his daughters “He listened closely to us and wouldn’t judge,” said a grandson Peter immigrated to Canada after World War II at the age of 21 in order to attend Calvin College (now University) and Seminary Peter served three Ontario congregations: Athens Christian Reformed Church; Springdale CRC before returning to Ontario to pastor Strathroy East CRC; Second CRC In 1988 Peter began serving as chaplain at Toronto’s Queen Elizabeth Hospital and at Holland Christian Homes in Brampton until he retired in 1994 It gave Peter much joy to share about the love and forgiveness of Jesus by corresponding with prisoners through Crossroads for Prisoners Canada Peter had a beautiful singing voice and was a photographer and an accomplished artist He loved to garden and excelled at growing vegetables and flowers of many types but had a special love for orchids his wife of 67 years; five children and their spouses; 20 grandchildren; and 28 great-grandchildren A former nurse and chaplain, Janet Greidanus is a freelance news correspondent and long-time writer of the In Memoriam column for The Banner Read entire current print issue » The Banner is more than a magazine; it’s a ministry that impacts lives and connects us all Your gift helps provide this important denominational gathering space for every person and family in the CRC Give Now Today’s Top News: Who’s Who in Boston Residential Real Estate 2025 Katherine Kranenburg believes that anything can be achieved with dedication hard work and tenacity.  Whether it’s a small house or a multimillion-dollar estate Kranenburg provides clients with extraordinary service skilled negotiation and attention to every detail She is a seasoned Luxury Property Marketing Specialist with 16 years of experience Having relocated both domestically and internationally she identifies with buyers relocating to the Greater Boston area and the home sellers that seek out her local expertise Kranenburg is very service-oriented and involved in the area she lives in dedicating time to being part of a community she feels proud of I believe in ethical and responsible representation.” Kranenburg is committed to providing a white-glove concierge-level service that revolves around people and the relationships she’s cultivated She prides herself on using a multifaceted marketing approach to achieve clients’ goals Kranenburg worked for an international consulting firm in the Netherlands integrity and charity are the cornerstones of a fruitful life “Living and working abroad opened my world to architecture different ways of living and communicating and required a level of respect and sensitivity to others,” she says Kranenburg holds a bachelor’s degree and has her Seller Representation Specialist certificate She’s also taken courses on negotiation and masterminds with top agents across a variety of markets Her biggest professional accomplishment in the past year has been building an authentic personal brand She believes it’s necessary for agents to stand out because there are hundreds of Realtors out there “you are responsible for driving your own business.” Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited Welcome to IPE. 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Read our policy IPE magazine July/August 2023 By September 2024 (Magazine) Pensioenfonds Detailhandel’s groundbreaking attempt to democratise its investment process is just one development in this growing trend Already an IPE Member? Sign in here   Copyright © 1997–2025 IPE International Publishers Limited Site powered by Webvision Cloud Madison Catholic Herald Official newspaper of the Diocese of Madison MADISON — Kris Kranenburg has recently started in her role as the new director of communications for the Diocese of Madison She will oversee all communications for the diocese including those on websites and other electronic and print channels and she will also collaborate with the Catholic Herald She comes to the diocese with many years of professional experience and serving the Church Kranenburg’s professional background includes working at several advertising agencies and consulting for businesses and non-profits She has also taught marketing communication at the undergraduate and graduate levels including courses covering advertising Kranenburg has also served as the coordinator for RCIA and adult faith formation at St “I am incredibly honored and humbled to serve in this role,” said Kranenburg “It is a blessing to have the opportunity to blend my passion for evangelization with my passion for marketing communications and I’m excited to help in whatever way I can.” For content prior to 9/19/2008, use our old search engine or browse older editions Access our e-Edition here. For more information, contact the Catholic Herald office at 608-821-3070 or email: [email protected] Click here for information and materials to promote the Catholic Herald in your parish Copyright © 2001-2025 Diocese of Madison, Catholic Herald. All rights reserved. Website created by Leemark.com and Catholic Herald staff using Telegram theme. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation and outcomes of an Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment-program for women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth. Forty-four women were referred, 26 met the inclusion criteria. After treatment, none of the women met the criteria for diagnosis of PTSD after on average 5 weekly sessions of EMDR- therapy. These outcomes are promising, as they were achieved in women with relatively high levels of psychiatric comorbidity (64%) and high rates of previous mental health treatment (80%). Implementing an EMDR-treatment program for women with PTSD after childbirth in the setting of an academic hospital is feasible and effective. Key factors for success include a close collaboration between the relevant hospital departments and a thorough case conceptualization addressing the etiology of the PTSD. Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797901 This article is part of the Research TopicPresent and Future of EMDR in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, volume IIView all 17 articles Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation and outcomes of an Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment-program for women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth Methods: A prospective cohort-study with pre- and post-measurements was carried out in the setting of an academic hospital in the Netherland Included were women who gave birth to a living child at least 4 weeks ago or severe symptoms of PTSD combined with another psychiatric diagnosis All received up to 8 sessions of EMDR-therapy The posttraumatic stress disorder Checklist for DSM-5 was administered before and after treatment Trauma history was assessed before treatment with the Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5 the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Childbirth Perception Scale none of the women met the criteria for diagnosis of PTSD after on average 5 weekly sessions of EMDR- therapy as they were achieved in women with relatively high levels of psychiatric comorbidity (64%) and high rates of previous mental health treatment (80%) Conclusion: Implementing an EMDR-treatment program for women with PTSD after childbirth in the setting of an academic hospital is feasible and effective Key factors for success include a close collaboration between the relevant hospital departments and a thorough case conceptualization addressing the etiology of the PTSD ideas on that the first period after delivery would be too burdensome to start treatment insecurity about the safety of EMDR-treatment during an already subsequent pregnancy or lack of a structure for efficient referral for treatment the aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of an EMDR-therapy program for women with PTSD following child birth and to evaluate the outcomes of such treatment The current study was an observational prospective cohort-study with pre- and post measurements The study was approved by the medical scientific research Ethical Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Centre and evaluated as exempt (reference number MEC-2018-1234) Study inclusion took place from January 2019 to June 2020 All participants gave written informed consent No external funding was obtained for this study Women suspected of PTSD following childbirth were recruited at three different departments of the Erasmus MC the Netherland: the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the department of Psychiatry and the department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry All physicians from those departments could refer women suspect of PTSD following childbirth for the current study In case of doubt or questions about referral physicians could consult the colleagues of the Psychiatry department by email or direct phone line As our aim was to the study the feasibility of implementing an EMDR-treatment program for women with PTSD following childbirth in clinical practice we stayed as close as possible to real-life referral practice all new patients referred were enrolled consecutively in this study and as such we made no exceptions the inclusion criteria were: giving birth to a living baby at least 4 weeks ago; a current PTSD diagnosis or actual severe PTSD-symptoms combined with another DSM-5 diagnosis; and written informed consent Exclusion criteria were: insufficient understanding of Dutch/English language (other) severe psychopathology that would require immediate treatment first for example high suicidality risk or active psychosis and EK) provided clinical lessons on PTSD following childbirth for the colleagues of the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology attention was paid to recognizing PTSD symptoms in women who recently gave birth clinical training was given on how to discuss these symptoms and the possibilities for treatment Education was given on how to pose the two most important questions in this respect: “Have you experienced any event during pregnancy delivery or childbed period that you would describe as extremely stressful?” and 2 do you have nightmares about what happened or do you avoid talking/thinking about what has happened Are you constantly alert as if something bad is about to happen?” To further enhance the screening process on PTSD after childbirth screening questions were incorporated in the standard Patient Related Outcome Measures (PROMs)-assessment of women in the perinatal trajectory as part of value-based healthcare In case women answered positive on these screening questions outcomes were discussed during the following consultation with their gynecologists and obstetricians Healthcare providers of the departments of Psychiatry received no clinical lessons but were actively informed about this study during regular weekly team meetings in which treatment advice for women presenting with psychiatric complaints was decided upon Women who seemed eligible for study participation and treatment could then be referred The department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry offers a so-called mother-child treatment program focusing on mother-child interaction and bonding in women with perinatal psychiatric disorders As one reason for impaired mother-child interaction is PTSD after childbirth in the mother this department was informed about the study as well Referred women were invited for an intake at the outpatient clinic of the Psychiatry department Intakes were performed by a senior health care psychologist (LK) and psychiatrist specialized in the field of perinatal psychiatry (MLvdB) PTSD was assessed by systematically addressing PTSD symptoms according to the DSM-5 criteria a DSM-5 classification was established and questionnaires were administered (see below If women met the inclusion criteria and gave informed consent All questionnaires were administered at baseline The PCL-5 was administered both before and after treatment previous and current psychopathology and obstetric data were collected at the moment of intake or were retrieved from the already present patient hospital records the validity of (positive) cognitions (lowest and highest score) the subjective unit of distress (lowest and highest scores) were registered Targets images refer to specific disturbing memory images of the traumatic event A cognitive domain refers to the type of cognitions that make that a specific memory image still causes distress in the present even though the event belongs to the past and even though the event may have had a good ending after all The cognitive domains as applied in the Dutch EMDR protocol are: control a memory image can have high load on the domain “self-evaluation” if negative cognitions about the self are most prominent when a woman is confronted with the disturbing memory image Session 8 consisted of an evaluation of treatment If symptoms diminished and there was loss of diagnosis before session 8 the treatment plan was adjusted and women were offered appropriate continuation of treatment Treatment was performed or supervised by a licensed EMDR Europe practitioner Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics (M,SD) in IBM SPSS statistics (version 25) To calculate pre-post differences for PCL-5 outcomes and women were referred on average 10 months after giving birth In most cases there was a comorbid psychiatric disorder present Most women had received mental health treatment earlier in life Almost all women had experienced (other) traumatic events in the past as is shown by their scores on the LEC-5 and CTQ There was a statistically significant difference in the PCL-5 score before (M 46.33 Respondent characteristics and main outcomes Table 2 shows the treatment specific characteristics Average treatment duration was 4.96 (SD 3.67) sessions on average 3.12 (SD 2.37) “targets” were neutralized The cognitive domain control was most common for the selected memory images All women in our study showed a major and clinically relevant decrease in PTSD symptoms after on average 5 weekly sessions of EMDR. The average decrease was 30 points on the PCL-5, whereas a decrease of 10–20 points on this scale is already considered clinically significant (Weathers et al., 2013) as they were achieved in women with relatively high levels of psychiatric comorbidity and high rates of previous mental health treatment Another finding of the present study was that the cognitive domain of “control” was by far the most prevalent cognitive domain in explaining why certain memory images were still disturbing. This high prevalence of the cognitive domain “control” is in line with findings on the treatment of non-childbirth related PTSD (De Jongh and Ten Broeke, 2021) PTSD following childbirth is comparable to “other PTSDs” The high prevalence of the cognitive domain “control” makes sense conceptually as pregnancy and childbirth are by definition situations where a certain unpredictably and loss of control are rather rule than exception we started treatment with a thorough case conceptualization in collaboration with the women women were well able to indicate which symptoms were most burdensome how these related (or not) to previous traumatic experiences and consequently which complaints needed treatment first A strength of the study is that it is driven by both current literature and clinical practice Both perspectives acknowledge the need for adequate referral-and treatment lines for women with PTSD after childbirth our study fits within the current Zeitgeist by starting to fill a gap in literature Our results provide a basis for future research and/or implementation of EMDR treatment programs in other hospitals the sample we describe is unique as it is the first in its kind describing EMDR outcomes for women with postpartum PTSD and high levels of psychiatric comorbidity such design holds the limitation of including a heterogeneous sample Still we believe that these outcomes are valuable these outcomes provide new insights on what to expect when starting hospital-based treatment program for women with PTSD following childbirth Although the sample size of this study could be described as small we believe that outcomes are convincing enough to positively answer the research question with regard to feasibility A limitation of the current study is that a PTSD diagnosis was not made with a formal clinical interview such as the CAPS-5 which is the gold standard for making a clinical diagnosis for research purposes although the results of this study are promising the findings need confirmation of studies applying more advanced research design that include a control group Future studies preferably also include outcome-measures for child outcomes and cost-effectiveness Implementing an EMDR-therapy treatment program for women with PTSD after childbirth in the context of a large academic hospital is feasible and effective Treatment led to clinically significant decrease of symptoms and loss of PTSD diagnosis in all cases Results can be achieved in a short time-span even in pregnant women and women with comorbid psychiatric disorders and/or a history of previous mental treatment Key factors for success are a close collaboration between the relevant hospital departments and a thorough case conceptualization addressing the etiology of the PTSD after childbirth The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Medical Scientific Research Ethical Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Centre The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The authors thank all women who have participated in this study PTSD in depressed mothers in home visitation Handbook for the Classification of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Dutch Translation of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Arlington: American Psychiatric Association Google Scholar The 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W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., and Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) [Online]. Available online at: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/adult-sr/ptsd-checklist.asp (accessed October 18 Google Scholar WHO Releases Guidance on Mental Health Care after Trauma [Online] Google Scholar The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis PTSD – posttraumatic stress disorder Knijff EM and Lambregtse-van den Berg MP (2022) Implementing an Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing Treatment-Program for Women With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Childbirth Copyright © 2022 Kranenburg, Bijma, Eggink, Knijff and Lambregtse-van den Berg. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Leonieke W. Kranenburg, bC5rcmFuZW5idXJnQGVyYXNtdXNtYy5ubA== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Our Captain has signed off on his log book for the final time boarded the “Algoport” and has set a course for calm seas with a clear horizon his wife of 42 years Susan; his children Sabrina (Craig) and Marc; his dear sister Joan his brother James (Bonnie) sisters-in-law Valerie (Michael) Raechel (Wendell) and Ann (Paul-deceased) along with their families as well as countless friends and colleagues He was predeceased by his parents Cyril and Muriel Kranenburg The family would like to thank his caring and compassionate doctors of many years In addition the wonderful team of Nurses and Staff of 4 North B Special Care Unit and the ICU during Gerry’s six week illness There will be no visitation or services as per Gerry’s request kindly please donate to the Canadian Diabetes Association or to The Mercy Hospital in Georgetown Please raise a glass to celebrate “The Big Guy’s” life This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. So sad to learn of Gerry’s passing……… Thank you everyone for your kind expressions of sympathy We were shocked and saddened to learn of Gerry’s death he was one of a kind and was always of good spirit my children were lucky enough to meet him when they were young they called him “Captain Cranberry!” They asked me all the time Sincere condolences from the Zeagman’s Will certainly miss his visits and our chats at my place of business Hope you don’t mind Gerry but I use your saying “Keep the Faith” When we talked it was always the way we ended our conversation I’ll miss you my friend but I will see you again Big hole that I can’t see anyone else quite filling Best 3 years of my sailing career was 1st mate with Gerry on Algoport I didn’t want to leave and I know he didn’t want to see me go I think there’s still a bit of Crown Royal left in our cabinet for his next visit I know that when the Algoport was lost it broke his heart but not his spirt but she lives on in our hearts as will Gerry Fair winds to you on your final voyage Cap’t K Gerry will be missed by his many friends at Algoma and I will personally miss his regular phones call to the office where he updated me on how well or how poorly my soccer team was doing We are very sorry to hear of Gerry’s passing He was certainly one of a kind and won’t be forgotten Our thoughts and prayers are with you during this sad time Bob and I are so sorry to hear of Gerry’s passing Please accept our condolences and our thoughts and prayers are with at this time Please accept our condolences on the loss of your husband and father May you find peace in the love of family and strength in the caring words of friends Sincerest condolences on the loss of The Captain May memories comfort you all in the difficult days ahead Sabrina and Marc: We were saddened by the news of Capt The many lengthy telephone conversations will be missed as will his “counselling” on life itself We can only hope he is peacefully afloat in heaven with a phone at his side and a glass of good scotch in his hand Our thoughts are with you and we wish the many fond memories of a man “larger than life” will sustain you through this difficult time we will continue to observe his gentle reminder to “keep the faith” Susan…please accept our sincerest condolences for your loss .Gerry was always a force to be reckoned with and will be missed will have that drink of Crown Royal in his memory LIke he would always say to me Keep The Faith Susan,anything comes up and you need a hand please do not hesitate to Call Remember the good times and cherish all your memories He will forever be in your heart and never far for a good ‘chat’ The heavenly welcoming committee are at the ready with Hughy MacD and Brian R leading the way welcoming him in Sorry to hear of your husband and fathers passing.May all the fond memories of him get you all through this difficult time.May he rest in peace May you find peace and fortitude to bear your loss knowledgeable staff are at your service 24 hours a day by simply calling 709-722-2730 If you are calling concerning a recent death you may be asked to provide the following information concerning the deceased: Additionally, you will be asked to provide the following information about yourself including your name, telephone number, address, and your relationship to the deceased. If you would like to access helpful support materials, please visit our extensive "Help And Support" section Apply Now Schedule Sign Me Up Zoe Kopp ’13 and Kate Kranenburg ’13 will work next year at Harlem Children’s Zone (HCZ) where Canada serves as president and chief executive officer “I think his speech will serve as a great bridge for us from Dartmouth to the real world,” says Kranenburg “I heard him speak at Dartmouth a few years ago and he was a great speaker Kopp and Kranenburg are looking forward to Canada’s speech but are even more eager to start work with him “I really like the holistic perspective to youth development that they provide from health to social services to education,” says Kranenburg Canada has led the organization that The New York Times Magazine called “one of the biggest social experiments of our time.”  Harlem Children’s Zone is a nonprofit organization that provides educational opportunities to children from underprivileged areas in New York City’s Harlem neighborhood from early childhood all the way through high school Kopp and Kranenburg will be working as part of HCZ’s Healthy Living Initiative which fights obesity and promotes wellness Kopp says that Dartmouth gave her the chance to pursue her interests which include researching the factors that contribute to obesity while traveling on a Foreign Study Program in southern Africa Kopp studied a possible connection between obesity and asthma “You really have to assess the environments people are in,” says Kopp Kopp and Kranenburg’s work for HCZ is supported through the William Jewett Tucker Foundation’s Dartmouth Partners in Community Service Post-Graduate Fellowship Program. During their time on campus, both volunteered for the Tucker Foundation’s Outdoor Leadership Experience (OLE) teaching area middle school students outdoor skills and leading them on hiking Kopp and Kranenburg say they will draw on the skills they learned at Dartmouth “Dartmouth has allowed me to understand and combine my interests which include obesity and the environment,” says Kopp who majored in environmental studies.  “Classes I’ve taken at Dartmouth have been quite eye opening.” “Dartmouth has been an awesome place with so many resources,” says Kranenburg “That Dartmouth and the Tucker Foundation are giving us this opportunity to work for HCZ is really We inspire students to practice good global citizenship while strengthening their own communities Act Now Log in for full access to stabroeknews.com Only one active session is allowed per subscriber Global energy strategist and Vice President of United States utility company Eversource Energy Roger Kranenburg has advised Guyana against investing in refining oil and gas for resale but strongly supports the proposed Wales gas to energy plant saying that it would bring reliable and cheap power he pointed out that while the world will always be seeking alternatives to ensure decarbonization this being realized will be met faster by developed countries which invest heavily in this area who worked with market intelligence company IHS Markit advising on global energy sector transformation reasoned that “there will be a demand for oil for some time to come” “Fossil energy is here to stay for some time but the world is very focused on a decarbonized future and getting there as best as we can and for society I think it’s a good thing,” he noted He said that  in the same way countries like the United States Canada and those in Western Europe transitioned from wood then coal and to today setting targets for lesser environmentally intensive fuel Guyana can learn to use its revenue from the oil and gas sector and diversify its economy “The caution I would offer is…don’t be completely dependent on oil for some time to come definitely make the best use out of it but work to develop a diversified economy Economies that are just dependent on resources are tough economies to run effectively Take this gift and invest it for the future…diversify the economy As the world drives forward [ask] ‘how do we play?’ he advised “Don’t put all your eggs in the one basket strategy Reality is no one knows what the strategy is going to look like… so be robust in a range of futures,” he added From revenue generated from the oil and gas sector the Chartered Financial Analyst who was born in Guyana advises that immediate needs should not be focused on subsidizing incomes but building systems that are catalysts for development “One thing is that it [oil revenue] gives something to everyone and some of those things that I think of is healthcare Build the absolute best healthcare system that everyone can get on board with Leverage the fact that you’ve got access to the world’s knowledge through high speed telecom systems; build infrastructure like telecoms… [and] roads etcetera Build that foundation where it’s rock solid and it’s available to everyone;  it’s not if you’re rich And it’s a basic foundation as being part of a country And when advisors ask governments to look to developed countries like Sweden and Finland he said that what must be taken into account is that those countries transitioned as they maximized and monetized their resources He said that the standard of living afforded to them today derived from revenue used as investments Those investments trigger a domino effect as it “drives innovation innovation drives development; development drives stability and stability provides reliability” the energy strategist believes that setting up the gas to shore power plant was a move in the right direction to not only gradually move away from carbon intensive fuel but to give the people of this country reliable power “I’m a strong supporter of it [gas-to-shore] and would very much like to see Guyana move forward in that project it could be such a prosperous future and that expense will be nominal compared to the benefits that can be derived,” he contended The pipeline is expected to land at Crane/Nouvelle Flanders and run to Wales on the West Bank of Demerara where a natural gas liquids (NGL) processing plant and power plant are to be constructed ExxonMobil is responsible for the construction of the pipeline while it is the government’s task to construct the plant The project involves capturing associated gas produced from crude oil production operations on the Liza Phase 1 (Destiny) Some 150 acres of land at Wales have been allocated for the project which is expected to cut power costs by 50 per cent The government’s power plant is expected to utilise ‘dry gas’ for electricity generation A former advisor to the Edison Electric Institute where he led strategy and advocacy for the electric utility industry in the areas of energy supply and taxation Kranenburg said that using the associated gases to ensure reliable and affordable power is the way to go “Guyana has a very bright future in leveraging what’s essentially a waste product or limited valued product in the associated gas in those fields,” he said In a world where power is necessary in every sphere of work and blackouts hamper development trajectory plans Kranenburg pointed out that Guyana needs reliable power if it is to reach the development benchmarks set has to be put into a modern grid system that can take off the generation capacity throughout the country “Wherever there is a high population density Build that infrastructure for the use of everyone The reality is that for your businesses and individuals their first preference for most people is not to spend time thinking about blackouts you get so many benefits from it to all individuals of every socio economic background… it creates businesses and high economic activity It is one of the highest value-added for businesses I will find all the good things I can do with it So where there is high population density focus on delivering that along with technology,” he said Kranenburg says that it must also be steadfast in holding true to its plans for transition to ever cleaner forms of energy than natural gas because transitioning would not be difficult if you’ve got a system that’s run off of gas it actually makes it very much able to integrate renewables effectively A renewable I find very exciting for Guyana is solar I think it’s an extremely bright future for the country,” he said A FREE roundup of top news from Guyana you might otherwise miss Synod 2023 elected the four officers who will lead delegates through a challenging there were no women or people of color among this year's officers The vice president of this year’s synod will be Chad Steenwyk, pastor of Central Avenue CRC in Holland, Mich. This is his third time as a synod delegate. Steenwyk chairs the leadership team of the Abide Project a group that promotes upholding the traditional understanding of human sexuality within the CRC A former bank vice president and loan officer Steenwyk has served as president of the CRC Loan Fund as a board member of Holland Christian Schools and as a member of Classis Holland’s executive team This is Kranenburg’s 10th time serving as a synod delegate and he has twice served as synod’s second clerk (1999 and 2003) He has chaired the Back to God Hour (now ReFrame Ministries) board and vice-chaired Dordt University’s board of trustees a minister at Holland Christian Homes in Brampton This is Bodini’s fourth time serving as a delegate to synod and he has served on the CRC’s Judicial Code Committee Bodini has been on the executive team of Classis Toronto as well as its ministry and race relations committees He also served on the planning team for the Canadian National Gathering in 2016 and 2019 DeVries addressed delegates just after he and the other officers were elected: “We have difficult issues ahead of us issues on which people disagree passionately.” He read from Lamentations 3:24: “The Lord is my portion therefore I will wait for him.” He encouraged delegates not to speak from unhappiness or frustration “We’re not here to win or lose a controversy,” DeVries implored “we’re here to follow Christ obediently.”  Synod 2023 is meeting June 9-15 at Calvin University in Grand Rapids, Mich. Find daily coverage from The Banner news team at thebanner.org/synod. Visit crcna.org/synod for the synod schedule Synod is the annual general assembly of the Christian Reformed Church Roxanne VanFarowe is a freelance writer who claims both Canadian and American citizenship and grew up in the Christian Reformed Church She is a member of Blacknall Presbyterian Church in Durham Log in for full access to stabroeknews.com. You can also post comments, and manage your email subscription. Only one active session is allowed per subscriber. A FREE roundup of top news from Guyana you might otherwise miss. Delivered every morning. Volume 13 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00105 The underlying mechanisms of paternal responses to infant signals are poorly understood Vasopressin has previously been proposed to affect these responses within-subject design (N = 25 expectant fathers) we examined the effect of vasopressin administration on the use of excessive handgrip force during exposure to infant crying versus matched control sounds while participants saw morphed images representing their own infant versus an unknown infant AVP administration elicited more excessive force while viewing an unknown infant image compared to viewing the image representing one’s own infant The results are discussed in light of vasopressin’s role in parenting and parental protection among human fathers The current study investigates whether AVP affects the use of handgrip force in reaction to infant crying while exposed to images representing one’s own as well as an unknown infant in expectant fathers Due to the association with maladaptive parenting studying the processes underlying excessive handgrip force may help find physiological markers of parenting style in general it is likely that there are differential physiological mechanisms at play when an aversive and highly salient stimulus such a as crying is coupled with the image of an infant that is likely versus unlikely related to the observing male particularly in periods of changing hormone levels and reactivity its exact role in paternal care remains largely unclear making AVP an obvious candidate for closer examination in the context of how males respond to infant signals particularly in periods with marked AVP sensitivity These findings suggest an increase of sensitivity to AVP in fathers during the prenatal period Permission for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committees of the Institute for Education and Child Studies at Leiden University and the Leiden University Medical Centre as well as the Dutch Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects Demographic information of the sample (N = 25) which serve as our measures of early caregiving experiences of the fathers-to-be Participants were exposed to infant crying and images representing either their own or an unknown infant while they were asked to squeeze a handgrip dynamometer (similar to Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2012) the images were presented alongside text inviting the participants to imagine seeing their own or an unknown infant A total of three cry sounds were used from two infants, one male (two sounds) and one female (one sound) recorded with a TasCam DR-05 solid state recorder with a 44.1 Khz sampling rate and 16 bit. All sounds were recorded within the first two prenatal days. Individual sounds were scaled, the intensity was normalized to the same mean intensity and sounds were edited using PRAAT software (Boersma and Weenink, 2017) For each cry sound a neutral auditory control stimulus was created by calculating the average spectral density over the entire duration of the original sound A continuous sound of equal duration was re-synthesized from the average spectral density and amplitude modulated by the amplitude envelope all auditory stimuli and control stimuli were intensity matched the neutral auditory control stimuli were identical to the original auditory stimuli in terms of duration but lacking the emotional meaning associated with a cry sound During the task participants were seated comfortably in front of a computer screen wearing headphones while holding a dynamometer in their dominant hand participants were asked to squeeze the handgrip dynamometer at full and half strength while they received feedback from a monitor indicating the strength they used graphically Once participants could reliably alternate between full and half strength (half strength being 50% of the strength used at full strength) the actual task began in which participants received no further feedback on their performance The task was administered using E-Prime software (version 2.0; Psychology Software Tools United States) and hand squeeze intensities (in kg) were transferred directly from the dynamometer to AcqKnowledge software (version 4.3.1; Biopac Systems a baseline measure of three maximum strength trials each followed by half strength trials was administered four randomly presented conditions of three max-half trials were presented; (1) viewing a morphed image of own infant while hearing control (scrambled) sounds (Own Neutral); (2) viewing a morphed image of own infant while hearing cry sounds (Own Cry); (3) viewing a morphed image of an unknown infant while hearing control (scrambled) sounds (Other Neutral); (4) viewing a morphed image of an unknown infant while hearing cry sounds (Other Cry) Handgrip force measures were reliable (α = 0.75 – 0.89) in all four conditions consisting of three trials each the three trials per condition were averaged as an indicator of handgrip force in each condition Sounds and images were presented throughout each trial lasting 12 s Eight seconds after the beginning of each trial participants were prompted to squeeze maximally (instructions displayed for 1 s) participants were prompted to squeeze at half strength (instructions were displayed for 1 s) A fixation cross was shown for 3 s between each trial Similar to previous studies (Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2012; Riem et al., 2012; Compier-de Block et al., 2015) grip strength modulation was calculated by dividing half-strength squeeze intensity by the preceding full-strength squeeze intensity meaning that scores of over 0.50 indicated excessive force on the half-strength squeeze attempt We examined the effects of AVP on this ratio of handgrip strength at half force and handgrip strength at maximum force which can be considered an implicit measurement of reactive force in response to infant signals United States) was used to identify peak intensities for each squeeze In order to assess possible mood induction by the preceding fMRI tasks and a potentially differential effect of hormone administration, the current emotional status of participants was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988) in between MRI and behavioral measurements Mean handgrip force ratio’s for all conditions calculated by the ratio between half strength and maximum strength In order to examine the patterns in the data for the effect of AVP on the use of excessive handgrip force while listening to infant cry sounds as well as viewing one’s own and an unknown infant images a repeated measures analysis of variance with condition (AVP versus placebo) and familiarity (unknown versus own infant image) as factors and mean handgrip force ratio as the dependent variable was conducted A Shapiro–Wilk test indicated that all data was normally distributed (p > 0.1 for all conditions) Results did not show main effects of condition (AVP versus placebo or familiarity (unknown versus own infant image However, the two-way interaction between condition and familiarity was significant (F[1,24] = 6.27, p = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.21). We present the estimated marginal means and standard errors for this interaction in Figure 1. Compared to placebo, AVP had a differential effect on handgrip force while watching one’s own versus an unknown infant. As can be seen in Figure 1 the interaction between condition and familiarity was such that AVP administration elicited more excessive force while viewing an unknown infant image compared to viewing one’s own infant’s image while the reverse was true for placebo administration under AVP there was less excessive handgrip force while viewing an image representing one’s own infant compared to while viewing an unknown infant The interaction between condition (AVP versus placebo) and familiarity (own versus unknown infant image) on participants’ handgrip force ratio (Estimated marginal means and Standard errors) The dashed line represents control over handgrip force in line with the instructions to first squeeze as hard as possible and then squeeze at half that strength (corresponding to a handgrip force ratio of 0.50) Upon reviewer suggestion we also ran post hoc t-tests on the familiarity means within each condition separately while viewing the unknown infant image participants tended to used more excessive handgrip force in the vasopressin condition (M = 0.66 SE = 0.03) compared to placebo condition (M = 0.62 while viewing one’s own infant image there was not such a difference in handgrip force in the vasopressin condition (M = 0.63 SE = 0.03) and the placebo condition (M = 0.65 Results did not show a significant two-way interaction effect between condition and sound (F[1,24] = 0.17 nor between infant and sound (F[1,24] = 0.62 The three-way interaction between condition and familiarity was not significant either (F[1,24] = 0.95 In a randomized controlled within-subject experiment we tested the effect of AVP administration on the use of excessive handgrip force during exposure to infant crying and images of one’s own versus an unknown infant in fathers expecting their first child expectant fathers did not use significantly more handgrip force during infant cry sounds versus control sounds Results indicated that AVP administration affected the use of handgrip strength differently depending on whether a morphed image representing participant’s own infant or an unknown infant was shown fathers used more handgrip force under AVP when looking at an image representing an unknown infant than when looking at an image representing their own infant while under placebo it was the other way around under AVP the mean ratio of handgrip force (a proxy for control over autonomic responses) increased while viewing and unknown infant but decreased while viewing one’s own infant These findings were independent of the accompanying sound (i.e. AVP administration may magnify such differentiating processes Whether the differential effect of AVP on reactions to own versus unknown infants was based on conscious or unconscious recognition of the images cannot be determined since participants were not asked to identify or rate the images Our finding concerning the use of more excessive force while viewing an unknown versus one’s own infant image may speculatively be related to an increase in protective parenting behaviors induced by the administration of AVP the evolutionary beneficial recognition of related offspring could result in preferential allocation of resources to their own infant rather than a unrelated infant The presence of aversive and now increasingly salient infant crying could have prompted our expectant fathers to relatively high levels of intolerance for crying unrelated infants Future studies can further parse out whether AVP indeed underlies mechanisms of protective aggressive responses to non-kin in expectant fathers and real-life cry sounds are usually coupled with contextual information that may push caretakers toward protective or caretaking behavior The absence of contextual information accompanying the cry sounds presented in the handgrip paradigm may play a role in explaining why we did not find an AVP effect on responses to cry sounds and future research may take these individual differences into account Another important limitation is the sample size; we were only able to detect medium to large effects Studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm and extend these findings preferably including participants in various phases of fatherhood (e.g. more studies including physiological measures are needed for the accumulation of knowledge about the (neuro)biological mechanisms underlying paternal care The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of ‘the Ethics Committees of the Institute for Education and Child Studies at Leiden University and the Leiden University Medical Centre as well as the Dutch Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects’ with written informed consent from all subjects All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki The protocol was approved by the ‘the Ethics Committees of the Institute for Education and Child Studies at Leiden University and the Leiden University Medical Centre as well as the Dutch Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects.’ KA-vD wrote the manuscript with support from AvV and MB-K JW devised the auditory stimuli and JW and AvV programmed the task All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research and manuscript This study was supported by a European Research Council grant (Grant No Lisa DeBruine from The Face Research Lab based in the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of Glasgow for providing images of average infants for her valuable assistance in collecting and processing of the data van IJzendoorn for assistance in designing and conducting the study The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00105/full#supplementary-material Father’s brain is sensitive to childcare experiences and the effects of family structure on parenting in monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) The impact of early life family structure on adult social attachment and the neuropeptide systems regulating affiliative behaviors in the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) Father–offspring resemblance predicts paternal investment in humans CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Perceived mate fidelity and paternal resemblance predict men’s investment in children Google Scholar Oxytocin and vasopressin support distinct configurations of social synchrony Synchrony and specificity in the maternal and the paternal brain: relations to oxytocin and vasopressin Bakermans-Kranenburg Protective parenting: neurobiological and behavioral dimensions Bakermans-Kranenburg Oxytocin decreases handgrip force in reaction to infant crying in females without harsh parenting experiences and estradiol levels in men becoming fathers How men and women respond to hypothetical parental discovery: the importance of genetic relatedness Psychological separation and adjustment to university: moderating effects of gender CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Sexual dimorphism in the vasopressin system: lack of an altered behavioral phenotype in female V1a receptor knockout mice Boersma, P., and Weenink, D. 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Unknown Infant Faces Copyright © 2019 Alyousefi-van Dijk, van ‘t Veer, Meijer, Lotz, Rijlaarsdam, Witteman and Bakermans-Kranenburg. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Kim Alyousefi-van Dijk, ay52YW4uZGlqa0B2dS5ubA== Metrics details The popularity of oxytocin (OT) has grown exponentially during the past decade and so has the number of OT trials in healthy and clinical groups We take stock of the evidence from these studies to explore potentials and limitations of pharmacotherapeutic applications intranasally administered OT leads to better emotion recognition and more trust in conspecifics but the effects appear to be moderated by context (perceived threat of the ‘out-group’) In individuals with untoward childhood experiences positive behavioral or neurobiological effects seem lowered or absent borderline personality disorder and post-traumatic stress the effects of OT administration were tested with doses ranging from 15 IU to more than 7000 IU The combined effect size was d=0.32 (N=304; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–0.47; P<0.01) only studies on autism spectrum disorder showed a significant combined effect size (d=0.57; N=68; 95% CI: 0.15–0.99; P<0.01) We hypothesize that for some of the other disorders etiological factors rooted in negative childhood experiences may also have a role in the diminished effectiveness of treatment with OT On the internet oxytocin (OT) is the most popular nonapeptide with more than 5.7 million hits by the end of 2012 and its popularity has been growing exponentially during the past 10 years OT is labeled the ‘love hormone’ and widely advertised as a wonder drug to enhance the individual’s social skills on the job and at home and to cure or alleviate more serious illnesses such as depression The number of psychopharmacological studies on OT in non-clinical groups has increased rapidly After the initial excitement about positive effects on trust it soon became clear that OT might be anxiolytic and facilitate prosocial behavior and may also stimulate aggression and selfish behavior with varying effects depending on social context Here we review and conduct a meta-analysis of OT studies with clinical groups against the background of the scientific evidence on neural and behavioral effects of OT administration in non-clinical groups We discuss therapeutic potentials as well as limitations of the (adjunct) use of OT in treatment salivary OT levels were highly correlated over time indicating impressive individual stability over the day salivary OT levels were still 6 to 10-fold higher than those observed in the placebo condition These findings suggest that intranasal OT may be quite effective basic research on the neurobiological pathway of intranasal OT to pertinent parts of the brain is badly needed The lowest cortisol reactivity to the stressor was found in the group of students who received OT instead of placebo Participants who received either social support or OT or both also felt calmer and less anxious during the stress procedure This successful experiment triggered a boom of studies a revival of work carried out in the 1980s and 1990s of the last century and stimulated activity in these parts in response to happy faces OT also increased the proportion of gaze changes toward the eyes across negative as well as positive expressions and this effect was mediated by enhanced coupling between the posterior amygdala and superior colliculus OT might thus facilitate the detection of fear or happiness from subtle cues around the eyes much more OT studies have been conducted with male than with female participants The scarce studies on female participants show inconsistent results Effects of oxytocin administration on face recognition trust to in-group and trust to out-group in healthy participants: combined effect sizes (d) and 95% confidence intervals The combined effect size for distrust to out-group is not significant We also examined the hypothesis that OT promotes parochial altruism suggesting that trust in out-group members may decrease after OT administration We identified 23 empirical papers with 31 pertinent effect sizes providing data for meta-analyses on effects on face recognition (13 effect sizes N=317) and out-group distrust (10 effect sizes; N=505) This first wave of experiments documents a proof of principle of the perceptual and behavioral effects of intranasal administration of an important neuropeptide involved in social–emotional relationships It opens a myriad of possibilities to uncover the development and dynamics of emotional empathy and trust in close relationships and to study the potential effects of OT administration in the treatment of groups with clinical problems in the socioemotional domain we systematically review the moderating effects of context The other half were matched with a partner they had not met before the game OT stimulated cooperative behavior only for those participants who had had brief prior contact with their potential partners even though they did not know with whom exactly they were matched during the game Participants in the placebo condition preferred the low-threat allies as teammates but participants in the OT condition more often selected the high-threat allies as teammates Under threat of the intergroup competition OT motivated the selection of allies with high threat potential presumably to make their in-group appear aggressive rather than friendly The (perceived) threat of the ‘out-group’ may thus have a crucial moderating role: OT administration appears to foster trust and cooperation with individuals that are considered part of the in-group (because they are known or positively described); OT effects are weaker absent or mixed when the partner is unknown; and OT increases non-cooperation when the partner is perceived as a potential threat the perception of others as either a potential threat or a friendly conspecific may be not independent of the individual’s social and early caregiving experiences (see below) they rated how positive or negative they thought the videotaped individual felt Participants with high baseline social–cognitive competence performed well on the emotion recognition task in both the placebo condition and in the OT condition but participants with low baseline social–cognitive competence performed poorly in the placebo condition and no longer fell behind their socially competent peers in the OT condition OT improved empathic accuracy only for less socially proficient individuals whereas when approach motivation is low (reflected in less relative left/greater relative right activity) the finding that individuals with low scores on attachment anxiety had rosier childhood memories after OT (versus placebo) while individuals with high scores on attachment anxiety remembered their mother as less caring and more distant after OT (versus placebo) is relevant and points to the differentiated effect of OT administration depending on personality characteristics Developmentally related to the perception of the world as being either a friendly environment or full of threat childhood experiences may moderate the effect of intranasal OT administration A growing body of evidence indicates that the prosocial effects of OT administration are stronger for or even limited to individuals with a supportive family background and they could throw the ball to the other players using the keyboard The first part was fair play with all players receiving one-fourth of the throws the experimenter was excluded from the game and did not receive any throws from the two unknown players We found that participants compensated for other players’ ostracism by throwing the ball more often toward the excluded player OT administration further increased the number of tosses toward the excluded person but only in individuals who experienced low levels of maternal love withdrawal The positive effects of OT on prosocial behavior toward a victim of social exclusion were thus limited to individuals with supportive family backgrounds participants were paid 50 Euros for participation in an ERP (event-related potential) experiment and then were asked to watch a video while the experimenter cleaned up in the other room They were shown a 2-min UNICEF promotional film after which a text appeared on the screen in which the participant was asked to donate money and a money box had been positioned next to the video screen Participants in the low love-withdrawal group donated significantly more when they had received OT rather than placebo but for participants reporting high love-withdrawal there was no significant difference between the OT and placebo groups in the amount of money donated to UNICEF creating well-matched experimental and control groups Participants were asked to squeeze the handgrip dynamometer as hard as possible and then at 50% of their maximal handgrip strength They performed as many trials as necessary for training with their performance displayed on a monitor to check the 50% level of each second handgrip until they were able to modulate the force of their second squeeze to half the strength of their first squeeze Participants were then requested to squeeze the handgrip dynamometer without receiving feedback eight times at full and half strength the first four times listening to infant laughter and then four times listening to infant crying Participants’ experiences with harsh parental discipline during childhood moderated the effect of OT on the use of excessive force during exposure to infant crying: participants’ whose parents did not discipline them harshly used less excessive force in the OT condition but for participants who were disciplined harshly there was no difference between the OT and placebo condition it may be concluded that OT administration does not generate positive effects in individuals who as a consequence of unfavorable early caregiving experiences may have a bias towards negative interpretation of social cues As an alternative or complementary explanation untoward childhood experiences may interfere with the oxytonergic system on a more fundamental level affecting neurological pathways or methylation level of the OT receptor (OXTR) gene In that case differential effects of OT administration should also be visible in a task-free setting salivary cortisol concentrations were measured before and after double-blind intranasal administration of placebo or OT About half of the participants had experienced the divorce or permanent separation of their parents before the age of 13 years with a prolonged separation from one parent as a result cortisol decreases after intranasal OT (versus placebo) were significantly smaller than in participants without early separation experiences reflecting decreased sensitivity to the effects of intranasal OT These studies thus consistently indicate that positive OT effects on behavior or neurobiology are lowered or absent in individuals with negative caregiving experiences The results on resting state connectivity and salivary cortisol levels suggest that quality of caregiving experiences moderates the effects of intranasal OT even in the absence of social stimuli Early adversity may alter basal oxytonergic system functioning and likely involves changes at the OT receptor level affinity or function at the OT receptor level may be related to experience-dependent methylation of genetic areas regulating the OT system lead to decreased sensitivity to intranasal OT OT administration has been used in clinical trials with a wide variety of clinical groups The promise of treating patients with these disorders with OT lies in its anxiolytic role lowering aversive feelings against potentially disturbing signals such as negative facial expressions or cry sounds and thus rendering patients less anxious and more at ease with a threatening social environment Less aversion might lower the threshold for positive interactions despite initially negative social signals The findings of these experiments are reviewed below and combined in a meta-analysis to compute the combined effect size across the experiments and to examine whether some psychopathological syndromes are more open to the influence of OT treatment than others Although there was no significant main effect for drug in the OT condition repetitive behaviors (in particular repeating and touching) started to decrease 1 hour after infusion 13 patients (86.7%) in the OT condition and only six patients (40%) in the placebo condition showed a decrease in repetitive behaviors Four sentences with neutral content were read aloud with one of four emotional intonations (happy and the participants had to determine the emotional mood expressed Baseline comprehension and comprehension at 30 180 and 240 min over the course of the infusion was assessed Compared with subjects who received placebo first subjects who received OT first showed increased ability to assign accurately emotional meaning to the speech intonations after a delay of about 1 week gender and motor cues from pictures of the eye region of faces The younger participants (under 15 years) received 18 IU OT or placebo The authors found improved performance on the RMET not only in the total group but also in the younger participants with the lower OT dose The effect seemed strongest for the easier RMET items participants did not discriminate between these three players they threw significantly more balls to the good player compared with the bad player Patients also reported to trust and to prefer the good player more than the bad player in the OT condition the participants were asked to look at pictures of faces while their eye movements were being recorded and to report the gender or the gaze direction (direct/averted) of the face OT decreased the abnormally frequent saccade movements in the patients and increased fixation time of the informative eye region of the faces on the pictures OT made patients with autism more sociable by making them more aware of the social nature of interactions in a computer game and by supporting them to overcome their reluctance to look faces in the eyes Patients in the OT group displayed increased trust in others fewer tendencies towards sadness and less disruptive behavior in the 2 days after intranasal administration no significant differences between OT and placebo groups were found 12 patients received OT (24 IU per session) each patient gave a speech in front of group members about increasingly difficult topics OT reduced the negative mental representations of self which are typical for SAD patients following a speech exposure task Participants who received OT showed improvement in their rating of speech appearance but they did not improve in their ratings of speech performance There were no immediate or long-term improvements on SAD symptom outcome measures from exposure therapy combined with OT heightened cortical reactions to sad faces were lowered and normalized after OT hyperactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex was downregulated after which the experimenter initiated verbal social interaction by asking questions and at the same time prompting the subjects to look them in the eyes Heart rate and cortisol were measured and mean frequency of participant eye gaze was observed in the social proximity and social interaction phases of the challenge Eye gaze frequency increased significantly following the 24 IU dose compared with placebo There was no effect of phase in the challenge only salivary cortisol levels decreased following 48 IU of OT 20 IU vasopressin (n=13) or placebo (n=15) skin conductance and lateral frontalis electromyographic responses to personal combat imagery were assessed ‘Scripts’ portraying subjects’ personal events were read to them and subjects were instructed to imagine the events the scripts portrayed Vasopressin facilitated electromyographic responses to the personal combat imagery but OT did not have an effect on any of the outcome assessments but it was concluded that OT significantly lowered the intensity of recurrent thoughts about the traumatic event Mood was elevated and feelings of anxiety reduced in particular when patients had to identify mood of the facial expressions reaction times decreased for the healthy controls Accuracy of response during the RMET did not change under the influence of OT compared with placebo creating a better basis for sensitive parenting Twenty-five depressed mothers attending an outpatient perinatal psychiatry setting participated with their young infant They received 24 IU intranasal OT alternating with placebo approximately 1 week apart The outcome measures were the Five-Minute Speech Sample used to establish rates of criticism and emotional over-involvement and the Self-Assessment Manikin for current mood and they more often initially described their babies as difficult They did not express more emotional overinvolvement or criticism but they reported that the quality of their relationship with their infant was better OT improved mothers’ perception of the relationship with their baby though it did not make them less depressed No evidence for an amnestic effect was found patients showed even better performance on two subtests Outcome measures of psychotic symptoms were the PANSS and a Paranoia Scale Social cognitions were measured with the Brüne Theory of Mind Picture Stories Task and a Trustworthiness Task the OT group showed a significant decline in PANSS Averbeck and co-workers111 examined the effects of 24 IU OT on emotion recognition (happiness disgust and anger) in 21 male schizophrenic patients who were on medication with regular antipsychotics Both morphed and unmorphed faces were displayed and patients indicated which word represented the expressed emotion best indicating improved emotion recognition independent of type of emotion and morphing status All patients were on regular antipsychotic medication A conservative estimate of the 20 IU OT effects (compared with placebo) in both polydipsic and non-polydipsic patients on correctly identified emotions amounted to zero We suggest that their pilot study demonstrated an overall negative impact of 10 IU OT on patients’ basal deficits in emotion recognition while 20 IU ameliorated deficits in the polydipsic but not in the non-polydipsic group Statistical comparisons with a healthy control group complicate comparisons with OT administration studies in other clinical samples In an early study, Den Boer and Westenberg113 tested the frequency of self-reported obsessive or compulsive behaviors (checking cleaning) of 12 OCD patients (three males) after OT or placebo in a between-subjects design The authors did not find a reduction of OCD symptoms after OT and concluded that the dose of 160 IU per day for 6 weeks (7224 IU in total) might have been too low In a subsequent pilot treatment with two OCD patients the authors thus used a threefold higher dosage but again without any noticeable effect no side effects of these high dosages were seen in terms of psychotic symptoms or memory disturbances namely trichotillomania (compulsive hair pulling) Randomized controlled trials with oxytocin administration in clinical groups: effect sizes (Cohen’s d we report 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the point estimate of each set of effect sizes the k right-most studies considered to be symmetrically unmatched are trimmed and their missing counterparts are imputed or ‘filled’ as mirror images of the trimmed outcomes The trim-and-fill approach indicated no publication bias against small studies with small effects in our set of studies only the set of four studies on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (including Prader–Willi syndrome) showed a significant combined effect of d=0.57 (N=68; 95% CI: 0.15–0.99; P<0.01) in a homogeneous set of outcomes (Q=0.13; P=0.99) the combined effect in the remaining set of three autism spectrum disorder studies was still significant (d=0.60; P=0.016) Patients diagnosed with other clinical syndromes did not seem to profit from OT administration It should be noted that the number of studies per syndrome is rather small and future experimental studies on clinical samples might change this overall somewhat disappointing picture we conclude that there is sufficient experimental evidence to support the neural and behavioral changes caused by OT sniffs Despite the black box of the mechanisms through which it penetrates the limbic system and reaches its receptors it is time to take stock of the evidence from OT studies in normal and clinical groups to explore potentials and limitations of pharmacotherapeutic applications A contextual psychoneurobiological model of oxytocin (OT) treatment: moderation by childhood experiences The available evidence seems to indicate that OT may not be capable of easing the latter disorders’ often lifetime negative influences on the patients and their families we should note that the database for meta-analytic work is currently modest For none of the syndromes more than four independent studies were available Sample sizes were small and individual studies did not always show the scientific rigor that is common in OT studies with healthy participants (for example ranging from brain activity to symptomatic relief and social competence More high-quality studies with clinical participants are necessary to consolidate or refute our somewhat disappointing results at the moment the pharmacotherapeutic use of OT seems less effective in many psychiatric disorders We hypothesize that for some of these disorders etiological factors rooted in negative childhood experiences may at the same time have a role in the diminished effectiveness of treatment with OT individuals diagnosed with autism or related disorders seem to profit most from the (adjunct) application of OT and their social–communicative skills might improve significantly OT 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Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36: 2587–2588 Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding Attachment and emotional development in institutional care: characteristics and catch-up Marmar CR et al Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings From the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study Prewar factors in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: structural equation modeling with a national sample of female and male Vietnam veterans The influence of oxytocin administration on responses to infant faces and potential moderation by OXTR genotype Common oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism and social support interact to reduce stress in humans Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108: 19937–19942 Download references We were supported by awards from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (MJBK: VICI Grant; MHvIJ: SPINOZA prize) M J Bakermans-Kranenburg and M H van IJzendoorn: These two authors contributed equally to this work Rommert Casimir Institute for Developmental Psychopathology M J Bakermans-Kranenburg & M H van IJzendoorn The authors declare no conflict of interest This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Download citation Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Hans van Kranenburg is full professor of corporate strategy at Radboud University Nijmegen He is Head of the Strategy Group at the Department of Business Administration Professor van Krakenburg was a visiting scholar at Media Management and Transformation Center at Jönköping International Business School (Sweden) University of Navarra (Spain) and the University of Chicago (USA) He was Head of Business Administration and Director of Research Programme Responsible Organisation at Nijmegen School of Management He has published on subjects including strategic behaviour of organisations He is also an expert in media management and economics Professor van Kranenburg has advised companies such as publishing and chemical companies on strategic and anti-trust issues He is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Media Economics the International Journal of Media Management and the Journal of Media Business Studies He has published in books and international journals including the Journal of Law and Economics International Journal of Industrial Organisation Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation He is co-author of the book Management and Innovation in the Media Industry (2009).His research as a visiting fellow will include authoring Innovation Policies in the European News and Media Industry:  A Comparative Study The book will explore types of media innovation policies formulated and implemented in various countries in Europe and their importance It will help identify and evaluate how they are stimulating innovation in journalism and news media and compare the development of traditional news media markets in these countries It aims to determine what the best practices of innovation policies are to stimulate innovation in a rapidly changing news media landscape He also will co-author Nonmarket Strategic Management a book which aims to explain the role and importance of nonmarket environments It will identify and evaluate major strategic implications and issues stemming from the nonmarket setting in order to identify strategic manners to manage such influences KINGSTON — A fraudulent contractor will spend four to eight years in state prison for leaving his customers with half-finished projects and bilking them of more than $280,000 was sentenced Tuesday on two felony counts of grand larceny He was also ordered to pay restitution to his victims Authorities said that Kranenburg's victims included customers of his contracting company his landlord on Ulster Avenue and at least one woman he met on an Internet dating website Parts of his scheme were typical of bad contractors Authorities said Kranenburg would start a project tell the customer he needed more money to finish Other parts of his theft plot were more elaborate Assistant District Attorney Joshua Povill said that Kranenburg stole roughly $150,000 from an elderly widow whom he befriended He convinced the woman to invest in his company and take mortgages out against her home Kranenburg got caught because one of the woman's sons discovered that her savings account had been wiped out Povill said the earliest thefts dated back to 2001 Kranenburg had previously been convicted of grand larceny forgery and petit larceny for a similar scheme in the late ‘90s investigators found that Kranenburg spent the pilfered money on a boat ATVs and a gambling habit that included heaps of lottery tickets and at least one trip to the Mohegan Sun casino “I apologize for everyone I hurt,” Kranenburg said Tuesday in County Court During a pre-sentencing interview with the Ulster County Probation Department Kranenburg claimed that he wasn't guilty and that he was treated unfairly after his guilty plea It was a flip-flop that Judge Donald Williams did not take kindly from the repeat offender “You prey upon people who extend their trust to you,” Williams said you are a con man and your con had caught up to you.” share breakfast time at their Washington home on Nov the Kranenburgs share parenting duties but say they still find that those responsibilities can be chaotic and stressful (MUST CREDIT: Photo by Matt McClain for The Washington Post) dress as they begin their day at their Washington home on Nov Katherine and Roger Kranenburg share parenting duties but say they still find that those responsibilities can be chaotic and stressful as they begin their day at their Washington home on Nov is helped with homework by her parent Steve Majors Majors and Leavitt share parenting responsibilities but find they still have to use “furious texting” throughout the day to stay organized The new parenting ideal looks a lot like Katherine and Roger Kranenburg Professionals who have achieved enough career success to earn both good money and work flexibility energetic and even ask for extra grilled zucchini with their lunch with deck and swimming pool nestled among leafy trees the Kranenburg family’s mornings look like an upscale version of what more and more American parents strive for: parity in parenting Both parents arrange their schedules to make the parent-teacher conference Dad clicks the kids into car seats; Mom drives them to school The Kranenburgs are a textbook example of what many of us grew up thinking would be our own parenting style We looked back at our mother’s housework burdens and career sacrifices or our father’s disengagement with the family We’d match with partners who would trample tired gender roles and commit to support our families 50-50 financially Going halfsies on parenting seemed as obvious as the pants on our legs Here’s what this model of shared parenting feels like from the inside: She is still in her mauve bathrobe and talking over her pajama-clad daughter who sings to a pink stuffed animal to avoid making her bed as he pulls a Spider-Man shirt over his squirming son’s head ignoring the beeping kitchen timer alerting him that the pasta he’s making for that night is more than ready parents are struggling through what many of us thought would come easily: an authentic split-down-the-middle approach For a fortunate family like the Kranenburgs For the majority of parents who have the ability and inclination to divvy up responsibilities equally Add money woes or work rigidity or marital conflict or a child who needs more attention we have fathers and mothers reporting unprecedented levels of stress and resentment Marriage historian Stephanie Coontz says American parents have higher expectations of themselves than any previous generation do not realize how much they are up against as they try to change the child-rearing rules while living up to heightened demands “People don’t anticipate in advance what a strain this will be.” They end up “turning on each other.” would be “less indignation at each other and more at our society” — our familial infrastructure the schedules of schools and offices that remain fixed in a two-parent the 2012-2013 academic calendar includes a two-week winter break four days devoted to parent-teacher conferences and four early dismissal days parents employed full time are lucky if they get federal holidays and two weeks of vacation The United States is routinely embarrassed in world rankings of family-friendly policies that support a healthy work-life balance The latest annual Save the Children report on the “State of the World’s Mothers” ranked America at 25 Factors such as lower female political status and lower preschool enrollments pushed the United States down the list splitting duties is increasingly difficult father Steve Majors talked about the new demands one evening while he leaned over his younger daughter coaxing her through three pages of homework It was his last chore before dinner and after he had logged hours at the office folded the laundry and supervised his daughters’ bike riding and jump rope “Look at this; my parents never did this,” he says waving a hand in the direction of the homework “We were told to ‘go outside.’ I never saw my parents.” In the kitchen his partner checks the simmering lentils and calls out a reminder that dinner will be early because he has to make the evening school meeting “We are raising our kids differently [than our parents did] But it means we take on all the extra burdens,” Majors says just as many are embracing equal responsibility for the family the parenting part of the equation has grown into an oversize octopus “Sometimes I tell people I’m like the guy in the park juggling nine balls,” says Darrell Perry musician and father of a preschooler and an infant and Perry waking four hours later to feed and dress their older daughter construct whichever elaborate hairstyle the 3-year-old had chosen that day Goncalves handled the afternoon pick-up and evening routine he might return to work after dinner; some nights he might rehearse with one of the bands he plays with with a second child and Goncalves just back to work after maternity leave Some suggest that the burdens for parents might be eased if we demanded more from our employers Anne-Marie Slaughter memorably made that point last summer in her Atlantic cover story “Why Women Still Can’t Have It All.” One of her remedies was to change “the ‘default rules’ that govern office work — the baseline expectations about when But having a flexible schedule doesn’t mean things always go smoothly a recent study from the University of Texas at Austin found that telecommuters work longer hours than office-dwellers And telecommuters and those with flexible schedules are more likely to have work creep into family time They begin the morning with expectations of what the day will hold if Katherine gets a call from a client or if Roger needs to stay late or if one of the kids gets sick the day will take any number of radical turns because their jobs are “flexible.” They have friends with kids who trade off the dance commute “We are living to the max,” Katherine Kranenburg says adding that marital tension peaks around the issue of who has to be more flexible on any given night Another approach is proffered by Marc and Amy Vachon a couple who are more committed than most to the idea of shared parenting They are the authors of “Equally Shared Parenting: Rewriting the Rules for a New Generation of Parents.” The Vachons lead lives designed to prioritize their home life parity live in Massachusetts and both work 32 hours a week They do not divvy up responsibilities or keep track of who has done what each takes ownership of all aspects of parenting their 7- and 10-year-olds on separate days If their daughter’s friend wants to schedule a playdate on Thursday The primary elements that keep their “dream” afloat might be considered radical they acknowledge: lightened workloads and what Amy calls “bravery” to stand up to gender stereotypes Which brings us to another major obstacle to changing the traditional parenting dynamics: those internalized gender stereotypes We are “colliding with 100 years of socialization,” Coontz says “Despite the fact that we sincerely want to share the pleasures and rewards both of work outside the home and raising a child there’s still a sense that if somebody has to give more at home and less at work A study published in the American Sociological Review found that mothers endure “contradictory ideological pressures” and thus feel more conflicted about their priorities and end up multi-tasking far more than their partners recalls that after her first daughter was born even after she returned to a grueling work schedule She was encouraged to do so by her own mother who believed it was the womanly responsibility to cook dinner nightly and to make sure not to wake a sleeping father “I got to the point where I just felt too overwhelmed,” Goncalves says but he also didn’t want to step over boundaries The Pew Research Center recently found that the majority of fathers today are far more hands-on than their own fathers but they also believe it’s harder to be a father now The New York-based nonprofit Families and Work Institute examined studies on men’s attitudes and concluded in a 2011 report called “The New Male Mystique” that “the ‘ideal’ man today is not only a good employee working long hours to be a successful breadwinner but is also an involved and nurturing husband/partner many men are caught between these old and new worlds and are bound to experience some conflict between work and family.” the solution has been to reject the modern ideal “I think feminism is one of the worst things for women because we had totally mastered Donna Reed home cooking and taking care of the kids thing and then we ventured out into the workplace and sent the message that women can do it all,” says Jaime Vargas-Benitez She says she tried that model in her first marriage she and her husband decided to revert to the traditional dynamic “We made the necessary sacrifices so I could stay home the division of labor is 90 percent me and 10 percent my husband.” It is working so well that she looks around incredulously at others who are trying to reinvent the wheel But reinventing the wheel is a necessity for families that need two incomes or have partners who want to be equal And the old wheel doesn’t work for families with same-sex parents have not had to tackle the traditional gender stereotypes but “we have had to negotiate every single detail.” One solution they’ve happened upon is to divide responsibilities by proclivity a communication specialist who works full time that means Majors oversees the mornings and he assumes the tasks of cooking and persuading two skeptical girls to taste plantains The arrangement does not always fall into such neat boxes and it requires “furious texting” through the day marital conflict and reams of commentaries about whether we can “have it all” until we accept that earlier generations had it right all along One thing all of the couples interviewed had in common was their early assumptions Each partner thought he or she knew what “sharing” meant and expected it would come automatically They didn’t realize they needed to define what equal meant to them and to develop a strategy to execute it Few had asked themselves if they really wanted to divide responsibilities; if they would take a tag-team approach with one partner stepping back professionally every few years; if they wanted to expand their support network or stay closer to extended family so they’d have backup; or how they were going to field the father-in-law’s eviscerating comments Asked “What would you have done differently?,” almost to a person parents said they would have asked themselves these questions before their first child arrived … Nobody tells you to have the conversation about division of labor about how kids add an extraordinary level of work,” Majors says A repercussion of this lack of recognition is that there is little advocacy for structural change By the time parents realize what they’re up against they don’t have time to mobilize for political or economic reform on the family front They’re too busy dashing between the afternoon meeting and ballet class and bickering about who isn’t multi-tasking enough “I think what you have to do is recognize together where society is going to push you into traditional roles,” Amy Vachon says constantly pointing out imbalances to each other and acknowledging when one is veering back toward traditional behavior “We talk and keep our eyes open all the time LLC | www.heraldextra.com | 1200 Towne Centre Blvd Former Minister of Public Works Jules “Dickie” Kranenburg has died who had served as the minister from 1986 to 1992 under the former PNC government According to a statement from the Ministry of Public Infrastructure Kranenburg served as a Chief Pilot in the Maritime Division of the Transport and Harbours Department under the Ministry of Public Works before he made his way to the Bauxite Industry Development Company (BIDCO) as head of its Shipping Department It added that he later went on to serve as a director on the board of the Canawaima Ferry Services Inc when it began its operations in November 1998 he continued to serve as a member of CFSI’s board The ministry added that outside of his “stellar professional achievements,” Kranenburg was remembered by ministry staff as jovial and always willing to lend a helping hand “The nation has truly lost a great son,” it added Kranenburg is survived by his wife of 59 years A wake is planned to celebrate his life on June 9th There will be a mass remembrance at the Brickdam Cathedral on June 10th followed by a cremation ceremony at the Memorial Gardens President David Granger yesterday attended the funeral service of Jules Kranenburg a former Minister of Public Works and Communications with responsibility for transport under the Desmond Hoyte administration The service was held at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception on Brickdam Kranenburg died on May 29 at the age of 83 years old A Ministry of the Presidency press release yesterday said that he was described by Minister of Foreign Affairs Carl Greenidge as a generous and decent man who was a representation of all that was distinctive of old Demerara and Georgetown Home » English » Why some German students prefer to live in Kranenburg These are three reasons German students from Radboud University choose to rent a room in Kranenburg At Bäckerei Derks an elderly couple take a bite of an appetising plum tart the bus to Nimwegen makes its way through the Grosse Strasse waiters prepare for what they hope will be a busy night where a fountain shaped like a bull’s head sprays water The German Psychology student was originally planning to study in her home country She only found out she was coming to Nijmegen in August All student rooms in the city were already taken From a fellow student she heard there was always space in Kranenburg Panning has just come back from a visit to her parents in Munster and parks her car on the Kranenburg market square ‘More or less three quarters of the students here have a car,” she says The bus ride to Nijmegen takes one and a half hours And cycling 15 kilometres to the University – one way that is – is a bit far Via WhatsApp students with a car can indicate when they plan to drive to Campus and arrange to meet car-poolers on the carpark opposite Bäckerei Derks or in front of the bridal boutique on the other side of the Grosse Strasse – where most students live the German students in Kranenburg are all alike the more introverted students end up in Kranenburg The cafés are for older people – students are rarely seen there Attending a party in Nijmegen means a long ride there and you have to arrange to spend the night with friends.’ Kranenburg’s small scale also has disadvantages there are a hundred students immediately begging for a job,’ says Panning The local GP has a waiting list and his closest colleague lives more than ten kilometres away ‘Not very convenient if you have a high fever.’ Foodies have little to sink their teeth into in Kranenburg the village offers few gastronomical venues The only falafel bar didn’t survive very long ‘Sometimes we order pizza or a kebab,’ says Miriam And because of Kranenburg’s isolated position it doesn’t make sense to order take-away.’ No wonder many students eventually give up on Kranenburg and move to Nijmegen ‘Last week a friend of mine moved to Kranenburg: she didn’t feel at home in Nijmegen because it’s so busy and costs a lot to park This is something German students often complain about.’ the Dutch made up 20% of the Kranenburg population a figure that has probably increased since then One of Panning’s neighbours is also from the Netherlands ‘In Kranenburg they can afford houses they could never build 500 metres away.’ And yet ‘Just look at the traffic signs and the products on the shelves This sometimes leads to frustration among German students ‘Products on sale are often immediately sold out The Dutch come here to do their bulk shopping from thirty pheasants to forty litres of olive oil.’ She does all her shopping on Thursday or Friday mornings – the earlier and there’s only rotten fruit left.’ Panning is not planning to move to Nijmegen yet and people are less closely packed together But you should never say never: if I find a good job in Nijmegen ‘Many students who study in Nijmegen or Kleef rent rooms in Kranenburg,” says Mayor of Kranenburg Günter Steins “We don’t know precisely how many students live here: when people 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Read our privacy statement if you want to know more about how we use your data daily or weekly update with our articles in your mailbox This can be done anonymously using the form Wij maken gebruik van cookies.Lees meer hierover in onze privacy statement websitebezoek en gebruik wordt gemeten en gebruikersgegevens worden anoniem verzameld UvA PhD-student and chemist at the police laboratory Ruben Kranenburg has developed a detector to analyse drugs on the spot The so-called powderpuck can identify 80 percent of the most common drugs within seconds it is quiet in the forensics lab of the police station in Sloterdijk On the windowsill are trays of plastic bags of drugs things sometimes pile up a bit,” says Ruben Kranenburg analytical chemist at the Forensic Investigation Service of the Amsterdam Police Department and associate professor at the UvA “We have just had the Amsterdam Dance Event so we still have work from October and November.” What drugs does he find most often in the police lab methamphetamine is not popular in the Netherlands but is not something the nightlife crowd uses Very addicting; it really kills people.” who has now been working at the police lab for more than thirteen years saw the drug world change during that time He saw the use of cocaine increase in Amsterdam with the advent of tablet machines via AliExpress Designer drugs closely resemble existing drugs but are not yet included in the Opium Act's list of prohibited substances because they are chemically slightly different with the broadening of new substances on the drug market he saw police running into limitations in being able to test all new drugs accurately and quickly drugs must be identified at the molecular level while in the meantime the suspect is detained Sometimes police investigations cannot proceed immediately because they have to wait for the laboratory results.” Handheld equipment that can identify drugs on the spot could be a godsend for police Commercial equipment to test explosives and later “on-scene” drugs came on the market after 9/11 But Kranenburg does question how thoroughly tested that equipment is it is not possible to leave that entirely to free market forces a commercial party cannot dispose of a large quantity of practical samples of drugs Then you get a product that is just not quite fit for purpose Suitable for initial indication and suspicion but not completely reliable for conviction I think the police need to work with the academy and commercial parties to get optimal detectors.” Kranenburg did have the field samples at his disposal and in consultation with UvA professor of forensic analytical chemistry Arian van Asten (HIMS) he decided to investigate new techniques for "on-scene" drug analysis himself to pursue a doctorate on them the police lab and the Amsterdam software company TIPb on the powderpuck a device that looks like an ice hockey puck and can identify 80 percent of the most common drugs within seconds Kranenburg places a plastic bag of powder on top of the powderpuck A spectrum and the word “cocaine” appear on the laptop screen the puck measures the contents of the bag," Kranenburg says "And a spectrum then appears on the computer The puck has its own library of prohibited substances that we have extensively validated When a new substance appears on the market we often come across substances such as paracetamol As a loose substance - so not punishable - or as a cut in cocaine.” Mixtures that are encountered a lot in drug practice are more difficult to measure But the data model developed by TIPb proved unerringly capable of identifying these mixtures “Only if the cocaine content is lower than 20 percent the powderpuck sometimes no longer measures it correctly Then the substance is still sent to the lab There are already handheld detectors on the market such as a Raman spectrometer costing at least €20,000 “Not the kind of expensive equipment you want to put in every police car.” The powderpuck could be produced for a considerably lower amount the powderpuck is not yet being used to replace the lab equipment at the police lab “I myself am still somewhat cautious about that There is no law that prescribes how much evidence you must have before you can use it in criminal cases but we are used to using very elaborate equipment: an advanced device (a GC-MS) worth a ton to measure pure cocaine is quite a bit of overkill And you also don’t want to end up in technical discussions in court with other scientists who don’t know the equipment yet That is why we are now opening ourselves up to substantive discussions with the Dutch Forensic Science Institute.” Location: Auditorium (Old Lutheran Church)