&lsquo;proceeding from the historical significance of the stable&rsquo;s architecture and the emotional ties people have to it, the building was resituated in the present, using few architectural means and without suppressing its history,&rsquo; explains <a href=https://www.steimle-architekten.com target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">steimle architekten</a>
while traditional elements of the building&rsquo;s character have been retained
including the deep overhanging and protective roof
the library&rsquo;s core emerges from the new concrete base
and its open gallery creates a tangibly different spatial experience
with its historical timber trussing that projects out far beyond the fa&ccedil;ade
and can now be perceived from many perspectives
the library welcomes visitors through an open lobby
which encourages ommunication and encounters
the ground floor can be put to a variety of uses: as a dividable multipurpose room
with its media and magazine gallery and its reading stations
offers surprisingly open views though the entire building
the old and the new enter into an exciting dialogue,&rsquo; adds the german architecture office
&lsquo;the balance of past and present becomes the building&rsquo;s special quality
not only from the outside but especially from the inside.&rsquo;
architect: <a href=https://www.steimle-architekten.com target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">steimle architekten</a>
AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function
but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style
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Fraunhofer ISE researchers have investigated whether PV panels installed above orchards can affect the reception of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals and
affect the precision of advanced autonomous tools
They found a disruption and suggested some alternatives
Image: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
A team of researchers led by Germany’s <a href="https://www.pv-magazine.com/tag/fraunhofer-institute-for-solar-energy-systems/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems</a> (Fraunhofer ISE) has investigated the impact of overhead agrivoltaics on the signal of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) underneath
GNSS signals are used for precision agriculture capabilities
&#8220;This is the first study to evaluate how agrivoltaic systems affect GNSS (including GPS) and signal performance
which are essential for precision agriculture,&#8221; corresponding author Dr
“Disruptions to GNSS signals can significantly reduce the effectiveness of these technologies,” the team explained
“As agrivoltaic systems are increasingly deployed in farming environments
it is crucial to understand their potential impact on GNSS signal performance and develop strategies to mitigate any adverse effects.”
To test the effect of an agrivoltaic facility on these signals
researchers conducted a study of an overhead array in Germany’s Kressbronn am Bodensee and compared these results to those of a benchmark
with the agrivoltaics orchard having semi-transparent
providing 40% light transparency and an approximate total power capacity of 147 kW
the panels featured a power output of 170 W
with 51% light transparency and an approximate capacity of 95 kW
“Data were collected using a GNSS receiver
specifically a smartphone model Poco X4 Pro 5G
which supported multi-constellation GNSS logging
The smartphone was equipped with the open-source GPSTest application
which logged GNSS data,” the team explained
“The device was handheld at 1.5 m height from the ground and moved through both the agrivoltaic and conventional orchard zones
as well as along the roads within the study area
to ensure consistent data collection across the spatial extent of each zone.”
The tests showed that the average carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N₀) decreased from 30.62 dB-Hz in the conventional orchard to 26.92 dB-Hz in the agrivoltaic system
C/N₀ measures the strength and quality of a satellite signal
the average number of satellites with C/N₀ above 24 dB-Hz remained over 22 in both areas
“The primary challenge posed by agrivoltaics systems is signal strength reduction rather than satellite visibility geometry,” the scientists noted
“Lower horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) and vertical dilution of precision (VDOP) values are typically linked to better positioning accuracy
values of position dilution of precision (PDOP) 0.82
which are considered excellent for precision tasks.”
The measurements also showed that the agrivoltaic system had a horizontal accuracy (EHAcc) of 5.30 m and vertical accuracy (EVAcc) of 3.10 m
while the control plot had 3.8 m and 2.5 m
The U/A flag ratio was slightly higher in the agrivoltaic system (0.71) than in the control orchard (0.7)
That metric describes the proportion of satellites actively used in position calculation (U flag) to the total satellites available with almanac data (A flag)
it shows how many of the satellites visible to a GNSS device are useful
“The study highlights the importance of addressing signal interference to avoid hindering the integration of drones
and other advanced technologies in agrivoltaics management and suggests alternative solutions
such as real-time kinematic (RTK) correction or simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques
to enhance performance,” the scientists concluded
“These findings are critical as agrivoltaic adoption grows
requiring a balance between solar energy production and the operational needs of precision agriculture.”
<a href='https://www.pv-magazine.com/author/lior-kahana/'>More articles from Lior Kahana</a>
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The MICHELIN Guide announces top honors for German hotels in 2024
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See more: <a href="https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/travel/every-three-key-hotel-germany-michelin-guide" target="_blank">The ins and outs of all our Three Key hotels in Germany</a>
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The popular belief about the MICHELIN Guide is that it’s all about the stars
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because these restaurants offer satisfaction beyond what you’d expect for the price
we present a list of nine restaurants that will be joining our Kyoto Osaka Selection
Non-members can add the privileges at checkout through our 30 day free trial
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See more: <a href=\"https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/travel/every-three-key-hotel-germany-michelin-guide\">The ins and outs of all our Three Key hotels in Germany</a>
See more:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/travel/hotel-wilmina-berlin-prison-hotel-one-key-michelin-guide\">Inside Wilmina, Berlin's Former Prison Turned One Key Hotel</a>
We\u2019re constantly astounded at the ease and expertise with which German hoteliers handle Alpine hospitality
although it may have something to do with the sheer amount of time they\u2019ve been practicing