This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Our top priority is providing value to members Your Member Services team is here to ensure you maximize your ACS member benefits “I’m very excited about the opportunity to build on the amazing foundation created by Dr. Hughes and the ACS team,” Dr. Langenfeld said. “The ACS Communities platform is an invaluable tool that supports practicing surgeons and allows us to provide the best possible care for our patients, and so I greatly value the trust that has been placed with me to captain the ship.” Dr. Langenfeld will begin his new role on February 1 after shadowing Dr. Hughes in January. In his new position, Dr. Langenfeld will be responsible for overseeing and reviewing new postings and making sure they adhere to the Communities Code of Conduct. He also will help to start conversations and promote ACS content, such as articles in the Bulletin, the ACS Brief, and other publications, in their relevant communities. Dr. Langenfeld has proven to be a leading voice in how medical professionals, including surgeons, should and do interact with social media. This year's Summit will include sessions on leadership strategies, team dynamics, and collaboration—don't miss it! The call for abstracts and videos for Clinical Congress 2025, October 4–7, in Chicago, is now open. Start submitting abstracts and videos today. A recent study sought to determine the relationship of readmission with early appendectomy to the time interval from initial treatment. Authors hypothesized that anterior gastropexy added to paraesophageal hernia repair would reduce recurrence rates. A study compared survival outcomes in patients with low-risk breast cancers who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy or had axillary surgery omitted. Listen to Dr. Jo Buyske describe traits shared by surgeon leaders—including taking responsibility for the whole patient. This session of the Video-based Education Webinar Series includes select video presentations from Bariatric Surgery I and Bariatric Surgery II. The results are in—take a look at which articles got the most buzz last year and browse through other stories covering a wide array of topics. Considering applying for a chair position? Don't miss the half-day seminar, So You Want to be a Chair, hosted by the Women in Surgery Committee. Submit nominations for officers-elect and the Board of Regents by Friday, February 14. Listen to Drs. Morihiro Katsura and Matsushima Kazuhide discuss the findings of their article published in the January issue of JACS. 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The Department of Strategic Communications works to tell the story of UNMC's impact on Nebraska and the world. Need a source for a deadline story? Seeking b-roll or photographs of our newsmakers? Want to connect on social? Our team can help. Our press kits provide a single stop for media seeking digital assets related to major events at UNMC. University of Nebraska Medical Center In The News Search our calendar for virtual and in-person UNMC events. Planning a wedding or a conference? Host your next event at the Dr. Stanley M. and Dorothy Truhlsen Campus Events Center. Sean Langenfeld, MD, Jon S. Thompson Endowed Professor of Surgery and chief of the UNMC Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, has been named editor-in-chief of the ACS Communities, the members-only, online community of the American College of Surgeons. He will succeed Tyler Hughes, MD, who served as the inaugural editor-in-chief of the ACS Communities platform since its launch in August 2014. “I’m very excited about the opportunity to build on the amazing foundation created by Dr. Hughes and the ACS team,” Dr. Langenfeld said. “The ACS Communities platform is an invaluable tool that supports practicing surgeons and allows us to provide the best possible care for our patients, and so I greatly value the trust that has been placed with me to captain the ship.” Dr. Langenfeld will begin his new role on Feb. 1 after shadowing Dr. Hughes in January. © 2025 University of Nebraska Medical Center Robby is an editor of HBSDealer.com. He resides outside Birmingham, Alabama, with his wife and three kids. Contact: rbrumberg@ensembleiq.com strategy and services omnichannel commerce agency is expanding into the Hardware & Home Improvement space through the acquisition of E.A An Ace Hardware Quality Award honoree with over 60 years of industry experience EAL has "carved out a formidable reputation for driving profitable growth for brands and retailers within this channel," says MPG “EAL shares our passion and drive to create value for clients through a keen consumer-centric approach and strong operational expertise,” says MPG CEO George Cleary “This announcement underscores our commitment to provide our brand and retailer partners with the top-tier talent and leading-edge capabilities needed for success in today’s dynamic retail environment The Hardware & Home Improvement channel presents tremendous opportunities for consumer and professional brands but it requires a nuanced understanding and strategic approach tailored to this unique environment robust analytics and omnichannel capabilities and in-market executional excellence to deliver exceptional results.” “We’re thrilled to share our expertise with MPG clients and we’re eager to provide our own clients with exciting new avenues for growth through MPG’s extensive omnichannel commerce capabilities,” adds EAL CEO Steven B Seventy-four farmsteads in Shelby Countywere badly damaged by the Arbor Day tornadoes but causing massive damage to ag operations and rural homes SEE MORE | Harlan farm family recovering from tornado after trying yearRELATED | Harlan couple's wedding photo found 90 miles away after home destroyed by tornado I first visited the Langenfeld family farm six days after the Arbor Day tornadoes just destroyed their family farmstead I'm Southwest Iowa Neighborhood Reporter Katrina Markel it’s actually been really fun to come back over the last year to check in with this family and see the progress that they’re making Three-year-old Helen tells her mom she wants a bedroom that’s "purple and sparkly." It’s going in their new house A lot of people were a lot worse off than we were," Dianne said Trevor Langenfeld watched it happen from another part of their family farm Trevor: "I just had an idea it could head that way." Dianne: "I had just found out I was pregnant like two weeks before it happened." the storm cut a path — roughly 30 miles — through Shelby County "I mean you just hear this huge boom," said Dianne "There was this huge swirl of debris coming down the stairs So I just sat under the stairs with her (Helen) and just waited for Trevor." "You're just hoping everyone's okay and yeah it sucks to lose equipment and buildings and stuff but at least that's all replaceable at least," Trevor said These farmers didn’t shy away from the work ahead It was Steve Kenkel’s last year as a county supervisor "This was so eye-opening and heart-wrenching They inspired me how they put it in perspective." "Makes a big difference when people go to bat for you." know what you are going to do if something like this were to happen," Dianne said Dianne hopes they’ll be in their new home by the end of May « Back CAPE CORAL, Fla. — Cape Coral police say a man was driving drunk on Cape Coral Parkway when he crashed into a condo building. "It was around 2:30 am my husband and I heard a bang that sounded like a bomb,” said one condo owner. It was that noise and the rattle of their condo building that owners tell Fox 4’s Bella Line was a frightening wake-up call. Even for Charles Langenfeld who was not at his condo at the time of the crash, but came home to the aftermath. See what neighbors have to say about the aftermath of the crash: "I got called by a friend of mine who was driving by now just a couple hours later, and he called me and said, 'Chuck, did your house get just hit by a car?' I said, 'not that I'm aware of,' so I came rushing over to see what was left of it,” said Charles Langenfeld. He says he has lived in the building for 25 years and he's not surprised something like this happened. "There's a culture of high-speed driving, and it's magnified on a street that looks like a highway,” said Langenfeld. The driver was this man, 27-year-old Alex Wilson: Police say he drove from the Pelican and Cape Coral Parkway intersection; crossed over 4 lanes; over a median; took off a fire hydrant; went through bushes and trees, and then landed in this building. Cape Coral Police say when officers breathalyzed him he blew a .177 and .172, more than twice the legal limit. Thankfully, they say no one was injured in the crash but it's an area they say officers keep an eye on. "That is definitely an area that our officers are constantly patrolling. I know that on night shift, especially in between calls for service, that's an area that our officers focus on,” said Lisa Greenberg, spokesperson for CCPD. Now, thousands of dollars later in damages, Langenfeld and his neighbors tell Line that with how fast drivers go on Cape Coral Parkway, something needs to be done. "This speed limit is too high when you have driveway cuts every 60 feet. I mean, somebody could back out of their driveway, they have no chance,” said Langenfeld. Volume 8 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2021.699688 This article is part of the Research TopicBioregenerative Life-Support Systems for Crewed Missions to the Moon and MarsView all 26 articles Nitrogen (N) recycling is essential for efficient food production in regenerative life support systems Crew members with a high workload need 90–100 g of protein per person per day Most of this N is excreted through urine with 85% as urea Plants take up N predominantly as nitrate and ammonium but direct uptake as urea is possible in small amounts Efficient N recycling requires maintenance of pH of waste streams below about 7 to minimize the volatilization of N to ammonia continuous aerobic conditions are needed to minimize production and volatilization of nitrous oxide The energy intensive Haber–Bosh process supplies most of the N for crop production in terrestrial agriculture Bacterial fixation of dinitrogen to ammonium is also energy intensive Recycling of N from plant and human waste streams is necessary to minimize the need for N fixation Here we review approaches and potential for N fixation and recycling in regenerative life support systems Initial estimates indicate that nearly all the N from human and plant waste streams can be recovered in forms usable for plants These N reserves represent a possible source for N that may be mined in the future once colonies are established on extraterrestrial surfaces This review focuses on in situ resource utilization of N by fixing it directly from the atmosphere especially as mission duration and scope increase N is an essential plant macronutrient that presents a rich opportunity for recycling due to its well-understood transformations between organic and inorganic forms N recycling must rely on integrated waste collection Waste must be collected and source separated for successful recovery of N from human excreta Urea must then be removed and concentrated from the liquid phase before being efficiently hydrolyzed to ammonium to minimize volatilization as ammonia gas and maximize N recovery Plant and human waste can be proportionally fed into a combination of aerobic and anaerobic digesters to promote nitrification and mineralization These processes produce ammonium and nitrate that can be used as a N source for plants Optimizing every step in the cycle decreases the amount of N2 that must be recovered from the atmosphere through bacterial N fixation Here we review approaches for recycling N and progress on microbial N fixation for advanced life support systems Conversions between nitrogen forms in the nitrogen cycle on Earth The long convex line represents the surface of Earth with anoxic conversions below ground and oxic conversions above ground The atmosphere on Earth is dominated by N (79% N2 gas), but the Martian atmosphere is dominated by CO2 and contains less than 2% N2 gas by volume (Mahaffy et al., 2013) industrial N2 fixation will not initially be feasible due to the large amount of energy and infrastructure needed early inhabitants must either bring N reserves from Earth or fix N using bacteria Bringing large initial N stocks from Earth as a N gas (N2 or ammonia) or a solid (nitrate salt) can be challenging due to transport difficulties and overall N percentage Frequent resupply is currently impractical with extended mission durations and bacterial N fixation represents the most feasible option Recovery of N with minimal volatilization is essential to reduce the resources (launch mass/equivalent system mass) necessary to support bacterial N fixation The volumetric and chemical demands of a biological N fixation system to support a manned mission are expected to be significant An infrastructure capable of efficient N recovery at each step will allow N fixation to focus mainly on replenishing unrecovered N and will drastically reduce volumetric and energetic demands required for fixation An overview of N recycling on Mars is provided in Figure 2. N2 from the Martian atmosphere will be fixed by N-fixing microbes in bioreactors. Biological fixation is still possible even with the much lower percentage of atmospheric N on Mars compared to Earth (Klingler et al., 1989) This step transforms N2 into organic N in the form of proteins These proteins must be degraded to plant-available N (ammonium) through anaerobic digestion Small amounts of N are lost during anaerobic digestion as gaseous and recalcitrant forms Plants may be grown hydroponically or in media and must be fed a combination of ammonium and nitrate to overcome toxicity issues/physiological disorders while the other half is inedible and must be composted in an aerobic digester This aerobic digestor can also take in hydrolyzed urea from human urine and output nitrate for plants but minor gaseous losses are again possible Feces can also be composted in a digester to recover N that is fed back to plants This simple overview shows how recycling of N can greatly reduce the demand for atmospheric N fixation The nitrogen (N) cycle on Mars in an advanced life support system N values are provided in moles of N per person per day and estimated gaseous losses are shown with sinuous arrows N fixation requirement is higher than the N output based on current recovery values of N from bacterial biomass Loader et al. (1997) appear to be the first group to publish a simple model for mass balance of N for regenerative life support The authors envisioned fixing N from the life-support module atmosphere with an aquaculture unit providing additional protein Their model suggests that denitrification might be a 12% gaseous loss A well-designed plant production system with adequate aeration should have minimal denitrification and did not include loss as recalcitrant N While their separate nitrification and aerobic bioreactors produce nitrate and ammonium our model specifies separate bioreactors to produce bioavailable N Their model estimated similar values for plant uptake Adult humans excrete about the same amount of N as they ingest on a daily basis. The daily N requirement is determined by the N required to replenish spent proteins and nucleic acids. This can be calculated based on replenishment of excreted N as shown in Table 1 or based on the requirements of ingested nitrogen Daily nitrogen (N) replenishment requirements for a crew member (CM) in an advanced life support system N lost in solid excreta therefore represents an additional requirement of 1.8 gN CM−1 d−1 This equates to a daily N replacement of about 14 g N and optimal food production reduces dependence on food resupply The calculated N requirement based on both crew input and output is about 14 gN CM−1 d−1 Assuming 14 gN per CM per day, four CMs over a standard 967-days mission would require 54 kg of N to replace that lost to urine excretion (Anderson et al., 2018) However, about half of the N in plant biomass is not in an edible form. Harvest index is the ratio of edible to total biomass and varies from 20% in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) to 90% in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea), with an average value of 50% for common crops (Wheeler et al., 2003; Anderson et al., 2018) This means that the N required to grow the food is doubled to 28 gN CM−1 d−1 This must come primarily from ammonium and nitrate Combining cyanobacterial means of N fixation with anaerobic methods can add to life support system versatility Multiple species of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are also ideal for N fixation, especially because of their accumulation of compounds beneficial for plants and their ability to switch between multiple metabolic methods (Sakarika et al., 2020). Rhodopseudomonas palustris TN110, a strain of a widespread PNSB, was shown by Sakpirom et al. (2017) to contain all three nitrogenase isozymes (Mo–Fe and Fe–Fe) and released the highest concentration of ammonium among 235 tested isolates palustris a valuable asset to a potential biological N fixation system and has been the basis for the N fixation and recovery systems described below Capture of ammonia under acidic conditions will lead to protonation preventing loss of N through volatilization Preliminary studies from our laboratory indicate 80% of total N from R palustris can be recovered as ammonium if the pH is rigorously controlled at 7 If we assume 28 gN CM−1 d−1 from plants combined with an 80% recovery efficiency from PNSB this leads to a final total of 35 gN CM−1 d−1 that must be fixed by bacteria This number can be significantly reduced if N is recycled Optimizing N recovery involves increasing the efficiency of recovery from excreta and maximizing the recovery of bioavailable N (ammonium and nitrate) from anaerobic and aerobic digestion of human and plant wastes Minimizing volatile losses and/or maximizing recovery of volatiles further improves N recovery Selecting for crop cultivars with a high harvest index minimizes inedible plant materials and helps to improve the recovery efficiency Many methods have been developed to accomplish these tasks Rate of urea hydrolysis to ammonium with (3.2 enzyme units L−1) and without (0 enzyme units L−1) the addition of urease from Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) no N is lost during the sterilization process An 80% recovery rate means 16 g urea CM−1 d−1 can be recovered as ammonium following volume reduction CO2 must be vented or additionally recycled during this step to prevent build-up to toxic levels Percent abundance of ammonia and ammonium across a range of pH values in a closed system The pKa of ammonium is shown as a dashed line this recovered N was stored instead of fed to plants which were fertilized with pre-formed plant minerals stored from the beginning of the study These processes present alternative methods that may save space and resources in comparison to separate dedicated bioreactors Significant nitrification occurs in all agricultural soils and there is great potential to enhance nitrification in the root zone in a regenerative system Controlled watering would optimize aeration and the process could be supplemented by adding nitrifying organisms Recirculating columns controlled at pH 7 with perlite as a substrate for the conversion of urea into ammonium Ammonia gas volatilization over time determined by the amount of ammonium remaining in solution controlled at 3 pH values If this approach can be expanded to other crops it would significantly decrease the amount of N that must be nitrified The composting process is also slow in addition to being inefficient Alternative and more efficient means of composting involve both aerobic and anaerobic digestion These processes are currently being investigated and implemented on Earth for food waste recycling to both produce useable compost and generate clean energy Both digestion procedures are more rigorous and contained composting methods to capture the maximum number of useable byproducts possible with minimal wasted energy or heat losses Recalcitrant nutrients accumulated over time but final potato composition was comparable to control tubers this project illustrates the compatibility of aerobic digestion effluent with crops in regenerative life support systems The remaining bio-solids from digesters in advanced life support systems can be added to plant substrates for slow extended release of nutrients or tilled into the Martian regolith to begin developing a soil base for future in situ agriculture This recalcitrant N can be 10% from anaerobic digestion on a daily basis that must be replaced through bacterial fixation Ammonium is likely to follow this trend as another valuable microbial byproduct A relative comparison of aerobic and anaerobic digestion A combination of both methods will likely be the best approach due to the inevitable buildup of recalcitrant bio-solids that must eventually be eliminated from the digesters This method is termed semi-continuous and involves coordinated input of waste and removal of byproducts over a set time frame before cleaning and restarting the digester The process is similar to industrial aquaponics systems on Earth that use continuous throughput mineralization tanks to convert organic fish wastes into inorganic N forms useable by plants Acetate or wastewater organics are provided as a readily available food source along with ample N2 gas Maximizing N biomass output will raise demand for available organic compounds but these compounds can be obtained from waste palustris may stand to be an overall benefit Rhodopseudomonas palustris can obtain N through urease-facilitated urea hydrolysis or N fixation via nitrogenase (Malofeeva, 1979). This suggests that N remediation and fixation may occur simultaneously. In non-engineered strains, nitrogenase activity would decrease during urease catabolism as ammonium levels rise and prevent nitrogenase expression (Adessi et al., 2012) It is unlikely that urease or its activity inhibits R palustris NifA* given its nitrogenase desensitization to elevated ammonium concentrations Since urease activity is not limited by ATP it is likely that nitrogenase would be deprioritized under energy limiting conditions Urea degradation can occur if urea is readily available N fixation will become the primary means of N acquisition though both processes can occur simultaneously if urea and N2 are present Remediation of N via urea hydrolysis can directly serve to treat wastewater and N losses can be compensated by nitrogenase activity This forms a valuable part of the Martian N cycle in which N fixation and remediation can occur in tandem The major barrier to this process and the implementation of such a system is the removal of inhibitory components such as those present in sludge or wastewater soap content Preparing wastewater for integration with N fixation and recovery systems will therefore likely demand considerable upstream processing from which approximately 0.1 and 0.05 g of N per liter day can be produced from acetate and wastewater media We have demonstrated the N recovery process from bacteria can take about 6 weeks without the intentional inoculation of additional microbes and recover 80% of the N Eventual recovery systems will use both anaerobic and aerobic digesters to achieve desired products and implement specific bacterial strains with high digestion capabilities to increase both the speed and recovery efficiency of biological N fixation Photobioreactors used for nitrogen (N) recycling Wastewater reactor (left) obtains N from atmospheric dinitrogen gas and wastewater while fixing reactor (right) obtains N from atmospheric gas alone N recycling is essential to efficient regenerative life support. Recycling of N is complex and requires many steps, but can be accomplished with high efficiency. Microbial systems can recover N from the atmosphere, and well-designed bioreactors can efficiently recover N from inedible plant waste, urine, and feces. Efficient N recovery can reduce the amount of atmospheric N2 that must be fixed by nearly 10-fold (Table 1 compared to Figure 2) but recycling systems can minimize losses and maximize self-sustainability for long-term space missions Many areas of N recycling in an advanced life support system are prime candidates for future research to increase N recovery Urea hydrolysis requires acidic conditions to avoid volatile ammonia losses Further work is needed to improve both the speed and recovery efficiency of N as ammonium The extent to which composting can occur in the root zone is also not well studied The requirement for nitrification is minimized if plants can be fed higher levels of ammonium Optimization of both speed and efficiency are paramount to this effort Improving N fixation efficiency can reduce the resources required for bacterial N fixation Future research will seek to achieve 100% N recovery for a fully regenerative life support system and TW contributed to the original draft of the manuscript This research was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station and approved as journal paper number 9465; the NASA-CUBES (Grant Number NNX17AJ31G) The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest A Rhodopseudomonas Palustris nifA* Mutant Produces H2 from -containing Vegetable Wastes CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Chemistry and Mechanism of Urease Inhibition PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Anderson, M. 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Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150004038 (Accessed April 22 Google Scholar Seefeldt LC and Bugbee B (2021) Optimizing Nitrogen Fixation and Recycling for Food Production in Regenerative Life Support Systems Received: 24 April 2021; Accepted: 07 June 2021;Published: 18 June 2021 Copyright © 2021 Langenfeld, Kusuma, Wallentine, Criddle, Seefeldt and Bugbee. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Noah J. Langenfeld, bm9haC5sYW5nZW5mZWxkQHVzdS5lZHU= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish. Langenfeld joined the Cardinal after spending the 2014 season at Arkansas as the graduate assistant where she helped guide the Razorbacks to 27 “Megan brings Pac-12 and national championship experience and a relentless competitive spirt,” said Hanson “She’ll provide an energy to our team and will quickly strengthen our pitching staff.” A 2011 graduate of UCLA with a degree in economics Langenfeld had an illustrious collegiate career that included three All-America honors four All-Region selections and four All-Pac-10 awards The 2010 Pac-10 Player of the Year was a finalist for the USA Softball National Player of the Year award and helped lead the Bruins to its 11th NCAA Championship Langenfeld was named the 2010 Women’s College World Series Most Outstanding Player and set a Series record with a 1.529 slugging percentage and tied series-highs in home runs (4) and runs (8) She went 3-0 in the circle with 17 strikeouts in 24.2 innings Langenfeld was nominated for an ESPY and honored as the Los Angeles Sportswoman of the Year National Team and helped lead the squad to a Japan Cup title where she earned tournament Most Valuable Player honors Along with her national and conference accomplishments Langenfeld made her mark at UCLA ranking in the career top-10 in nine categories and holding the all-time saves record with 12 She was a force at the plate and ranks second among UCLA players in on-base percentage (.515) fifth in batting average (.385) and runs batted in (170) eighth in home runs (39) and tied for 10th in doubles (42) 34 complete games and 13 shutouts in 453.1 innings She earned five national player of the week honors (two NFCA four Pac-10 Pitcher of the Week awards and thee Pac-10 Player of the Week accolades Langenfeld was a three-time Pac-10 All-Academic selection Langenfeld played professional softball in the Japanese Professional Softball League for the Denso Bright Pegasus following graduation The ACS Communities—the networking tool exclusive to members of the College—has a new Editor-in-Chief the chief of the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery and the Jon S Thompson Endowed Professor of Surgery at University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) in Omaha has started his role as the platform’s second leader He also is vice-chair for quality and compliance in the UNMC Department of Surgery who served as the inaugural Editor-in-Chief of the Communities since its launch in August 2014 Langenfeld began his term on February 1 after shadowing Dr The Communities platform offers ACS members a private online forum where they can pose clinical questions and connect with colleagues in any surgical specialty Langenfeld will be responsible for overseeing and reviewing new postings and making sure they adhere to the Communities Code of Conduct He also will help start conversations and promote ACS content Looking Forward“I’m very excited about the opportunity to build on the amazing foundation created by Dr He noted that his priorities include protecting existing networks and resources which is particularly important for rural and community surgeons who can benefit from a “virtual surgeon’s lounge.” Dr Langenfeld also plans to explore new ways to engage surgeons who are early in their practice connecting them with more senior contributors so that all benefit from diverse perspectives “The ACS Communities platform is an invaluable tool that supports practicing surgeons and allows us to provide the best possible care for our patients and so I greatly value the trust that has been placed with me to captain the ship,” he said Langenfeld has a history of service to professional organizations Langenfeld has served as President of the Nebraska Chapter on the Executive Committee for the Committee on Video-Based Education and a member of the Advisory Committee on the Surgical Education and Self-Assessment Program Most germane to his new position leading the ACS Communities Langenfeld has proven to be a leading voice in how medical professionals In addition to serving on the ACS Young Fellows Association Social Media Subcommittee as chair of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) social media committee for almost 10 years and as creator and moderator of the 1,000+ member ASCRS closed Facebook group and authored peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on the dangers and impact of social media in the healthcare space Discover which articles published in the ACS Bulletin were the most popular with your surgeon colleagues in 2024 The 2025 Nominating Committee of the Board of Regents will be selecting nominees for the position of Treasurer of the ACS Learn more about ACS members who have been recognized for noteworthy achievements Click on the most cited and most read articles published in 2024 by the Journal of the American College of Surgeons Read capsule summaries of articles appearing in the February 2025 of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons The ACS COT has an enduring legacy of ensuring comprehensive trauma care through evidence-based training and education Learn how AI can help program directors organize the screening and ranking of applicants From serving as a Regent or Governor to taking roles within RAS or YFA there are many opportunities for members to enhance engagement with the ACS Learn about the evolution of lung cancer treatment including details concerning the first successful pneumonectomy The American College of Surgeons is dedicated to improving the care of surgical patients and safeguarding standards of care in an optimal and ethical practice environment ACS/American College of Surgeons is a registered trademark of the American College of Surgeons RESTRICTED USE: Visitors to this website are strictly prohibited from using or information provided by the ACS into any third-party applications or websites without prior written authorization from the ACS the integration of ACS content into tools leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) or generative AI technologies and infrastructures Business & Society By Maren Aller | August 14 Noah Langenfeld has always enjoyed the wonders of the outdoors exploring and enjoying nature sparked a lifelong passion for the natural world This passion led him to pursue a double major in biochemistry and biology graduating from the University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point in 2020 Driven by a desire to expand his knowledge and make a tangible impact, Noah moved to Utah in July 2020 to start a doctorate program at Utah State University under the mentorship of Bruce Bugbee, a professor in the Plants, Soils and Climate Department in the College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences and an expert in space-related plant experiments Noah’s research focuses on optimizing plant nutrition for closed life-support systems a critical endeavor for future space missions This cutting-edge work not only advances agricultural science but also holds the promise of feeding people in the most challenging environments Noah’s dedication to helping others extends beyond his academic pursuits. He volunteers at the USU Student Nutrition Access Center (SNAC) food pantry witnessing firsthand the importance of food security “SNAC is crucial because it addresses a hidden issue on campus,” Noah said but having these resources available normalizes the issue and takes the stigma away.” His experiences at SNAC align perfectly with his broader life goal: to use his agricultural expertise to help people access nutritious food Noah envisions opening his own hydroponic and aquaponic greenhouse business teaching communities how to use their resources wisely and achieve self-sufficiency Outside of his academic and volunteer commitments Noah embraces the natural beauty of life on campus and the community of Logan he enjoys the endless recreational opportunities the mountains offer completing three 50K races with plans to conquer a 108K and a 100-mile race he often takes to the skies to marvel at Utah’s breathtaking landscapes from above Noah’s journey at USU has been made possible by the Apogee Instruments-Campbell Scientific Graduate Fellowship “No one goes to graduate school for the money,” he said “This scholarship helps take the burden off paying for ever-increasing costs and allows me to focus on the things that matter most Noah’s mentor, Bugbee, director of the Crop Physiology Laboratory at USU and president of Apogee Instruments is renowned for his expertise in hydroponics and crop sustainability for space missions A fellow of both the American Society of Agronomy and the American Society for Horticultural Science he has contributed significantly to growing crops aboard the International Space Station “Noah is a great example of an insightful “I am honored to have the opportunity to work with him.” Noah expresses deep gratitude for the support he has received “USU is a special place because most of the faculty and students are always willing to offer assistance in any way possible,” Noah said “I love working in a collaborative atmosphere The location is also top-notch — being so close to the mountains and their endless recreational opportunities is amazing.” giving and relentless pursuit of knowledge Through his dedication to both his research and his community he embodies the spirit of Utah State University making a lasting impact on both the local and global stage “I would like to offer one final thank you to the donors who provided me with the Apogee Instruments - Campbell Scientific Graduate Fellowship,” Noah said “Your support and the support of others help students like me achieve our dreams.” Noah’s commitment to feeding communities and advancing agricultural science underscores his belief that even small efforts can lead to significant change His work at USU and his volunteer efforts at SNAC highlight the importance of collaboration community and the pursuit of a better future Empowering undergraduate and graduate students with hands-on research experiences keeps USU on the front lines of groundbreaking innovation. Create Your Aggie Impact and make a difference in developing solutions to the world’s challenges Comments and questions regarding this article may be directed to the contact person listed on this page USU's SNAC food pantry recently received a donation of 1,000 pounds of ground beef UNIVERSITY AFFAIRS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY HEALTH & WELLNESS Iowa (KMTV) — They've got a new grain bin and the corn crop is looking great this year but the Langenfelds still don't have a machine shed and they don't have a house They've got a new grain bin and the corn crop is looking great this year I'm your Southwest Iowa neighborhood reporter Katrina Markel I'm in Shelby County because I wanted to check in with some of the farmers that were hit hard by the Arbor Day tornado we haven't really heard anything back from FEMA yet at all." I first met Trevor and Dianne Langenfeld a week after their family farm took a direct hit from the April storm system that unleashed multiple tornadoes across the region "We're down to two tractors left to fix and a grain cart," said Trevor A good thing with harvest around the corner which includes managing the farm's expenses "I don't think people realize tractors are $500,000," Dianne said Scott McLaughlin's farm caught the tail end of the tornado system He had to rebuild his grain bins and repair the family home "After April 26th it's just the chaos,” said McLaughlin whose house was being repaired as we were speaking “You know you start out with the physical clean up and you don't even McLaughlin is rebuilding his hog confinements "The manure from the hogs is our sole fertilizer source for our corn crop here on our home place and that's gone," he said McLaughlin and the Langenfelds have to buy commercial fertilizer they continuously discover previously unknown storm damage "It's not like we shut down at the end of the year and do inventory for a week," McLaughlin said McLaughlin feels grateful for the help he's getting from neighbors "Having great people around us and a strong faith We're not meant to know why everything happens," he said The Langenfelds are preparing to build a new shop as soon as weather allows and they'll start on a new house in time for the new baby Iowa (KMTV) — After George and Julie Langenfeld lost their rural Harlan home in the tornadoes on April 26 their wedding photo popped up on a lost-and-found social media page approximately 90 miles to the northeast near Fonda This is all that’s left of George and Julie’s Langenfeld’s dream home I’m your Southwest Iowa neighborhood reporter just outside Harlan in Shelby County and I’m here because I wanted to find out how this rural county is faring three weeks after the tornadoes This is the second time I’ve met George Langenfeld and — despite his huge loss — he’s always been upbeat “I went to a restaurant the other night and I went to pay the bill and it was paid,” said Langenfeld to see acts of kindness in his neighbors near and pretty far away A wedding photo that had been hanging on the Langenfelds wall It traveled roughly 90 miles north to Fonda Someone who had a cousin who knew the Langenfelds spotted the photo on social media — and now they’ve got it back People still help each other,” said Langenfeld FEMA is on the ground in Shelby County meeting with tornado-affected neighbors but Department of Agriculture to begin the process of aiding farmers "But now it’s time for the farmers to make decisions on their operations and what they can afford to do .. Seventy-four farmsteads were hit by the tornadoes in Shelby County over an approximately 30-mile stretch — including the Langenfelds’ — now operated by their son Kenkel estimates county farm losses are above $100 million which is why he wants to see the USDA not delay on helping the county And they’re not getting any revenue in now George told me his son would be finishing up planting this weekend I plan on keeping in touch with the Langenfelds and Shelby County Officials as tornado recovery progresses I’m your southwest Iowa neighborhood reporter Nesbitt gave us over 20 years of harbor stories with thousands of residents enjoying her spell binding tales We felt it was important to continue to offer this program in her honor,” noted Mercedes Niess “We are pleased to have Jonel Langenfeld-Rial stepping in as our storyteller for the evening She is an experienced professional and professor of theatre and theatre in education at SUNY Oswego Jonel has worked with the museum before on a variety of unique projects and regularly brings her students to the museum to perform a free storytelling program She brings a rich history of performance and storytelling experience to our annual tradition.” said Donna Kuhn Print this entry Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email This year visitors will experience new stories and strange occurances UNMC leaders are creating a more vibrant academic health science center and a stronger economy for all Nebraskans UNMC is a welcoming organization working to make all our faculty we work from core values to achieve our strategic goals and vision for transforming the health of Nebraska and beyond The University of Nebraska Medical Center has campuses across Nebraska bonded through a shared culture and in real time The UNMC Department of Public Safety works to provide a safe environment for those who work on Maps and directions to the University of Nebraska Medical Center campuses which sends emergency notifications to UNMC 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Corrigan McBride, MD, and Sean Langenfeld, MD With the pending retirement of chief Jon Thompson the UNMC Division of Surgery will become two new divisions – the UNMC Division of General Surgery Minimally Invasive Surgery and Bariatric Surgery; and the UNMC Division of Colorectal Surgery has been named the chief of the division of general surgery will become the chief of colorectal surgery He also will become the inaugural endowed Jon S ‘general surgery’ was where everything was lumped,” said David W we’ve created many divisions – surgical oncology Thompson leaves after a 40-year career at UNMC it seemed a good time to specialize the rest of ‘general surgery’ – especially as we are fortunate to have two fine young leaders in Drs very qualified individuals and are poised to become exceptional leaders of their respective divisions.” The move offers opportunities for growth and innovation in both divisions including recruitment to expand the division of colorectal surgery and the division of general surgery as well as the development of a colorectal surgery fellowship The move will accelerate the development of surgeons in both divisions along with expansion of their respective research activities “I anticipate that our bariatric program in the pediatric population at Children’s Hospital & Medical Center will improve and that we will enhance our foregut footprint in adults at Nebraska Medicine our reputation in collaboration with other specialists will improve as it relates to colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease Both leaders will enable us to increase not only our local referral patterns who was recruited to UNMC 20 years ago by Dr adding that it was a pleasure to step into the new division chief role “to continue the work he has done.” “We are a division that continues to grow with presences at Nebraska Medical Center my goals are to continue to grow in alignment with the clinical Langenfeld said he was excited for the new role and expressed his gratitude to Dr “My plan is to further cement UNMC as a national leader in colon and rectal surgery by expanding our cancer and IBD programs to serve patients all across Nebraska and our neighboring states,” he said “We will develop new partnerships and new programs to advance surgical research and ensure that our patients receive the most up-to-date and high-quality care possible.” who had such an impact during his time at UNMC this is an exciting time for the department Langenfeld taking on these new roles under Dr the department of surgery is well-positioned to provide the best care for our patients.” a salute to Jon Thompson on an amazing career Jon never sought the limelight – he just quietly performed his job with excellence and precision He was an unsung hero – one of UNMC’s stars Congratulations to these two brilliant humans Thompson has been a giant in the world of surgical education for more than four decades,” Dr “He has shaped a culture of respect and clinical excellence that is unparalleled His contributions to our department as well as to countless patients and surgical trainees are too numerous and profound to summarize here I can say that he has been a wise and giving mentor to me and I owe the majority of my professional success to his sage advice.” Details: cache-fra-eddf8230054-FRA 1746505646 1871045745 has been named chief of colorectal surgery in the UNMC Department of Surgery Langenfeld has achieved national recognition in the field of colorectal surgery “He has one of the busiest referral practices in the region and still finds time to be an associate program director for the general surgery residency program,” Dr he is now sitting on editorial boards in colorectal surgery because of his expert opinions.” Langenfeld said his goals include building the med center’s colorectal surgery brand and becoming established as a Center of Excellence for rectal cancer through the American College of Surgeon’s Committee on Cancer will reaffirm a lot of things we’re already doing,” Dr “It ensures very high-quality rectal cancer care.” The multidisciplinary process of achieving that designation will involve medical oncologists administrators and others over the next year the colorectal surgeons been using Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) a protocol that the Journal of the American Medical Association called a “paradigm shift in perioperative care resulting in substantial improvements in clinical outcomes and cost savings.” “We’ve been using this over the past six years on our patients,” Dr “but we are now shifting to a multidisciplinary approach streamlining different phases of care — pre-hospital education we think the program will be much more successful.” With a team of three physicians already well-established locally and regionally in colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease care the next move is to establish a more robust national reputation Becoming a rectal cancer Center of Excellence and creating a multidisciplinary ERAS program that will extend beyond colorectal surgery will be positive steps in that direction which will unfold over the next couple of years is becoming an inflammatory bowel disease Center of Excellence “That is an effort that has been spearheaded by the gastroenterology department My end of that is to be the surgical liaison.” He said he was glad to be leading “an outstanding team.” “is that his academic career is just getting started and he has already accomplished so much We are fortunate to have him here at UNMC and Nebraska Medicine.” This program is extremely important to patients and families in this region The execution of your vision will help so many A focus on rectal cancer is timely and much needed as rectal cancer incidence is increasing in 30 and 40 year olds Langenfeld is my surgeon and it is wonderful to have him lead the Colorectal surgery program at UNMC You took excellent care of me during my two surgeries in 2018 I always felt I was in great hands with your abilities your genuine care and compassion got me through my issues and I'm grateful Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Service map data © OpenStreetMap contributors is the recipient of the 2020-21 UNMC Impact in Education for Innovative Practices in Education Award This award recognizes an individual who demonstrates ingenuity courage and creativity in teaching including innovations in use of educational technology adoption of simulation and creative use of the classroom Outstanding award for an outstanding physician and educator New Report: "From Nice to Necessary: Unleashing the Impact of Volunteering Through Transformative Investment" We create products and services that help volunteers nonprofits/NGOs and corporations maximize their impact Points of Light reports and toolkits share best practices and innovative ideas to equip individuals and organizations to make a difference We connect great minds and awaken communities so that together we evolve to address the world’s changing needs At the core of our philosophy is the belief that the most powerful force in the world is the individual who has realized their power to do good businesses and individuals ready to apply their time voice and resources to solve society’s greatest challenges We bring business leaders together to serve and solve global problems We connect individuals and families with local opportunities to make a difference Read stories about extraordinary volunteers innovative nonprofits and community-minded companies and get inspired by those who are making a difference in their communities and around the world Paul Langenfeld has always had a heart for service. His St. Paul, Minnesota-based nonprofit, The Langenfeld Foundation provides opportunities for people with disabilities to fish and hunt as well as participate in sporting activities The organization also funds music camp scholarships “I give back because I have received so much – from others and from above,” Paul said “My father was a World War II veteran Two of my brothers each did 20 years of military service and my other two siblings have learning disabilities I have known that people with disabilities can have amazing lives speaking to people about The Langenfeld Foundation’s work and advocating for people with disabilities he can be found fundraising or rolling up his sleeves and working alongside the nonprofit’s volunteers Paul also volunteers with a number of organizations that serve veterans and people with special needs including The American Legion and the Special Olympics “The most valuable thing I’ve learned through volunteering is that the world is filled with really good people,” Paul said “I meet so many folks who are happy to help others.” Do you want to make a difference in your community like Paul? 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In this image from video, witness Dr. Bradford Wankhede Langenfeld, the doctor who pronounced George Floyd dead, testifies as Hennepin County Judge Peter Cahill presides Monday, April 5, 2021, in the trial of former Minneapolis police Officer Derek Chauvin at the Hennepin County Courthouse in Minneapolis. Chauvin is charged in the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd. (Court TV via AP, Pool) George Floyd had “pulseless electrical activity” and his heart wasn’t beating when he arrived at a Minneapolis hospital, a doctor testified Monday. Dr. Bradford Langenfeld was on duty at Hennepin County Medical Center the night Floyd was brought in after being restrained by police last May, and testified Monday at the trial of one of the officers. Here’s what Langenfeld saw and what it means: It means that some feeble or disorganized electrical activity can be detected on a heart monitor but it’s not enough to make the heart beat and supply blood and oxygen to the rest of the body. Floyd had no pulse when he arrived and was in cardiac arrest, which Langenfeld described as the “sudden cessation of blood flow to all the tissues of the body when the heart stops pumping.” The doctor described looking for possible explanations and theorized that hypoxia, or insufficient oxygen, was one of the top possibilities. Doctors measured gases in Floyd’s blood and saw extremely high carbon dioxide levels, again suggesting lack of sufficient oxygen. Floyd was given some medicines that sometimes can help restore circulation, but that did not help. Defibrillators to shock a heart back into normal rhythm do not work in a situation like Floyd’s. A narcotics antidote such as Narcan also does not help once someone is in cardiac arrest, Langenfeld said. Floyd had been in cardiac arrest before arriving at the hospital and doctors worked on him for roughly half an hour after his arrival. After his heart activity stopped altogether — “flatlining” Langenfeld called it — the doctor pronounced him dead. The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Volume 15 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1334328 Rhizosphere pH determines nutrient bioavailability Standard pH tests require adding water to growth media This dilutes hydrogen ion activity and increases pH pointed-tip electrode to estimate rhizosphere pH without dilution Measurements from this electrode matched a research-grade pH meter in hydroponic nutrient solutions We then compared measurements from this electrode to saturated paste and pour-through methods in peat moss The pointed-tip electrode was unable to accurately measure pH in the highly-porous pine bark media Adding deionized water to the other media at container capacity using the saturated paste method resulted in a pH that was 0.59 ± 0.30 units higher than the initial in situ measurement at the top of the container This increase aligns with established solution chemistry principles Measurements of pH using the pour-through method were 0.38 ± 0.24 pH units higher than in situ measurements at the bottom of the container We conclude that in situ pH measurements are not subject to dilution and are thus more representative of the rhizosphere pH than the saturated paste and pour-through techniques Methods to better estimate rhizosphere pH from bulk pH are needed Ion exchange principles are the same between field soils and soilless media substrates The lower bulk density and higher water holding capacity of soilless media for horticultural crops often increases growth compared to field soils for agronomic crops Container-grown plants can have more pH management challenges and experience more rapid pH changes than field-grown plants due to the confined root-zone with reduced media buffering capacity The saturated paste method is widely used to measure the bulk pH of field soils and container media (Miller and Kissel, 2010; Thomas, 2018). A substrate sample is removed from the container, deionized water is added until it is saturated and visibly glistens, and the pH of the saturated paste is measured (Kalra, 1995) the media solution may be vacuum-extracted and subsequently measured with a pH electrode Media to water dilutions of 1:2 and 1:5 are also commonly used to determine bulk pH They concluded that pH measurements using the pour-through method were always more similar to the pH measurement of a 1:1 saturated paste extraction from the bottom half of the container regardless of stratification or particle size Saturated paste and pour-through methods have been compared in several studies. Yeage et al. (1983), Wright et al. (1990), and Cavins et al. (2008) found no difference in pH using saturated paste or pour-through methods with distilled water. A recent review of several studies indicated minimal differences between saturated paste and pour-through methods (Altland, 2021) both approaches require dilution of the root-zone solution but the addition of calcium chloride to the samples minimized this increase The dilution effect therefore increases the error in estimating rhizosphere pH The in situ method utilizes direct insertion of a pH electrode into the media and is faster than other methods The electrode tip must contact the media solution but electrodes with pointed tips facilitate contact with the media In situ pH measurements remove the dilution effect experienced from saturated paste and pour-through pH measurements There is no rhizosphere in unplanted containers so the dilution effect simply makes bulk pH measurements inaccurate The in situ method could help researchers and growers more closely estimate pH values and nutrient availabilities for plants grown in soilless media No previous studies have compared these pH measurement methods in soilless media – this was the objective of our novel work We hypothesized that in situ measurements would be lower than saturated paste and pour-through measurements due to the absence of the dilution effect A pointed-tip pH electrode (model HALO2 GroLine, Hanna Instruments, Woonsocket, RI, USA) was used to measure pH in all parts of the study (Supplementary Figure 1A) Preliminary studies (not shown) concluded identical measurements between the pointed-tip electrode and a research-grade electrode The pH meter was paired with the Hanna Lab app on a smartphone through Bluetooth® for calibration The gelled electrolyte inside the electrode needed to be refilled after about every 200 measurements Containers with a volume of 1.7-L were filled with one of three media types: peat moss (Premier Pro-Moss TBK; Premier Horticulture, Inc., Quakertown, PA, USA), coconut coir (Black Gold Just Coir; Sun Gro Horticulture, Agawam, MA, USA), or pine bark (from Pinus taeda, particle size less than 2 cm). Each media type was then amended with 0%, 25%, 50%, or 75% perlite (Expanded Perlite; Hess Pumice, Malad City, ID, USA) by volume (Figure 1) Wetting agent (AquaGro® 2000 G; Aquatrols USA) was added at one gram per liter of media Hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) was added as needed to adjust pH of the peat from pH 5 to 7 Lime was not added to coconut coir or pine bark Each treatment included three replicate containers The containers were then saturated to container capacity with a nutrient solution containing 120 ppm nitrogen (72 ppm nitrate nitrogen The nutrient solution pH was 6.7 and electrical conductivity was 1.4 mS per cm Containers drained for 1 hour before making pour-through and saturated paste pH measurements and coconut coir mixed with increasing levels of perlite (0% to 75% by volume) The pH of the above nutrient solution was measured after diluting with deionized water from a dilution factor of 1 to 10 This was repeated with a nutrient solution without phosphorus (P) to represent root-zone conditions with low buffering capacity (P concentrations are typically low in the root-zone as P is actively taken up by plants) This amended nutrient solution contained 84 ppm nitrogen 0.001 ppm molybdenum and 0.0003 ppm nickel Pour-through measurements were undertaken first to ensure all replicates were near container capacity The 1.7-L containers were slowly watered with 1 L of the nutrient solution described in the previous section to minimize channeling of the solution through the container The leachate was collected in a tray and pH was measured The 1 L leachate volume was selected to ensure displacement of the root-zone solution while not being large enough to contribute to the displaced solution Moist in situ measurements were made in three locations on the media at the top of the container following pour-through measurements (water content just below container capacity). The pH meter was inserted at a depth of 4 cm and a reading was recorded after stabilization (about 5 s, Supplementary Figure 1B) A wet in situ measurement was then taken in the same location after adding three to five mL of deionized water onto the area and reinserting the probe Bottom in situ measurements were made 4 cm deep into three locations at the bottom of the container through drainage holes The pH was measured by removing media around the three locations previously sampled on the top of the container to loosely fill a 30-mL beaker. Deionized water (electrical conductivity of less than 0.005 mS per cm) was added to the beaker to create a saturated paste as in Kalra (1995) The pH was then measured directly in the beaker using the in situ pH meter The replicate media measured in the above tests were then seeded with lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv The same tests were repeated in these planted containers 28 days after seeding Measurement and planting methods were compared with T-tests and ANOVA using RStudio (Posit Software Replicate measurements using the same method in the same container were averaged to eliminate pseudo replicates The pH increased 0.16 pH units as the dilution factor of the complete nutrient solution increased from 1 to 10 (Figure 2) Removing phosphorus from the nutrient solution increased the pH 0.42 units as the dilution factor increased from 1 to 10 The pH would be expected to increase 0.72 units with only deionized water and hydrogen ions in equilibrium with ambient CO2 (3.4 x 10-4 atm; 400 ppm CO2 at 86 kPa atm) as the dilution factor increased from 1 to 10 Dissolved carbon dioxide produces carbonic acid which buffers the solution and reduces the dilution effect Figure 2 The pH increase of a solution with deionized water and 10-6 M hydrogen ions in equilibrium with ambient CO2 (3.4 x 10-4 atm) and a nutrient solution with phosphorus as the dilution factor with deionized water increases from 1 to 10 Wetting the measurement area with deionized water prior to pH measurement (wet in situ) did not change the pH (Supplementary Figure 2) if the media moisture content was greater than 3 on a 5-point moisture scale (Huang and Fisher, 2013) Measurements were erratic if the media was at moisture level 1 or 2 on the scale (data not shown) Treatments with pine bark and 75% perlite-based media had highly variable in situ pH measurements with reduced plant growth from low water retention They were not included in the above data and were not analyzed further Figure 3 pH measurements in unplanted containers and containers planted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) The average difference between pH measurements from the saturated paste and in situ methods at the top of the container versus in situ pH at the top of the container in unplanted containers (A) and planted containers (B) The difference between pH measurements from the pour-through and in situ pH methods at the bottom of the container versus in situ pH at the bottom of the container in unplanted containers (C) and planted containers (D) Peat moss or coconut coir were mixed with 0% or 50% perlite to obtain 15 treatments with 3 containers per treatment Error bars represent standard deviation of the container measurements We found saturated paste pH measurements at the top of the container to be significantly higher (0.66 ± 0.47, p = 0.003, n = 60) than pour-through pH measurements (Figure 4) but there was no significant difference between unplanted and planted containers (p = 0.54 Figure 4 The difference between saturated paste and pour-through pH measurements compared to saturated paste pH measurements in both unplanted containers and containers planted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) The difference between saturated paste and pour-through measurements was significant (p = 0.003) but there was no significant difference between unplanted and planted containers (p = 0.54) The meters we used (n = 2) displayed stabilized measurements within 5 seconds throughout their more than 20 months of use The only periodic maintenance that was required was refilling the electrolyte gel after about every 200 samples and removing humus materials using an acidic cleaning solution from the manufacturer every few months Similar to our results, Matthiesen (2004) found a deviation of in situ pH compared to saturated paste pH in wet soils up to 1 pH unit. Keaton (1938) measured the pH of soil samples from across the United States using increasing ratios of water to soil He demonstrated a general increase in pH for soils as the water to soil ratio increased His measurements were 0.5 pH units higher for a 1:1 dilution and 0.9 pH units higher for a 10:1 dilution than for samples at the original soil moisture content which is in a similar range to our results Keaton hypothesized this discrepancy was due to cation exchange and differential base saturation which he confirmed by observing little change in pH measurements among soil moistures when soils were completely desaturated of metal ions The dilution effect can often be minimized by fixing the ionic strength using calcium chloride. Miller and Kissel (2010) found that the pH measured with the saturated paste method using water was consistently about 0.5 pH units higher than when measured with dilute calcium chloride. Sumner (1994) additionally found that measurement in calcium chloride reduced pH measurement variability Although using calcium chloride can counteract the effect of ion activity which could have displaced more H+ ions and decreased pH Our leachate volume was higher than others but we observed no bias in diluting pH with increasing leachate volumes We did not include treatments that had stunted and variable lettuce growth among replicates This occurred with pine bark and treatments with 75% perlite by volume The pine bark had larger particle sizes and was more hydrophobic than the peat moss and coconut coir even after addition of the wetting agent These characteristics made moisture retention more difficult in pine bark leading to uneven moisture distribution and variable in situ pH measurements The high air-filled porosity with 75% perlite similarly led to variable in situ measurements Pour-through pH measurements were more consistent than the in situ measurements in these circumstances as they captured larger areas Increased solution contact from increased media moisture should lead to increased pH measurement accuracy but we observed no difference in pH measurements between moist (no pre-wetting moisture level 3 to 4) and wet (pre-wetting moisture level 4) in situ insertion techniques This was likely because we only added 3 to 5 mL of deionized water and the media we tested was already near container capacity We observed increasing measurement variability in preliminary studies when the media was visually dry (moisture level 1 to 2) This was presumably because contact between the electrode and media surface was incomplete Our measurements of the pH of soilless media using the saturated paste and pour-through methods were consistently 0.4 to 0.6 pH units higher than in situ measurements Measuring pH using saturated paste and pour-through methods dilutes hydrogen ion activity and results in a higher pH that may not be representative of rhizosphere conditions We found no bias between peat moss or coconut coir media but in situ measurements were more variable in media with pine bark and perlite levels of 75% In situ measurements are not subject to dilution effects experienced by saturated paste and pour-through measurements and may provide a more accurate indication of rhizosphere pH The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and approved as journal paper number 9611; NASA Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space (grant number NNX17AJ31G) We gratefully acknowledge the insightful review comments from Daniel Fernandez Pinto We also acknowledge Young’s Plant Farm for their donation of the pine bark used in this study All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1334328/full#supplementary-material The pour-through procedure for monitoring container substrate chemical properties: A review CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The pour-through procedure preferentially extracts substrate solution from the bottom of the container in conventional and stratified substrates CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar PourThru: A method for monitoring nutrition in the greenhouse CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Review on iron availability in soil: interaction of Fe minerals CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Observations on some routine methods for soil pH determination doi: 10.1097/00010694-198801000-00004 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Measurements of pH with the glass electrode as affected by soil moisture CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar “Fertility,” in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Amsterdam CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Huang, J., Fisher, P. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Noah James Langenfeld, bm9haGpsYW5nZW5mZWxkQGdtYWlsLmNvbQ== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish This work, Tonawanda resident Camille Langefeld becomes senior enlisted Airman at 107th Attack Wing, by CPT Jason Carr, identified by DVIDS, must comply with the restrictions shown on https://www.dvidshub.net/about/copyright '+n.escapeExpression("function"==typeof(o=null!=(o=r(e,"eyebrowText")||(null!=l?r(l,"eyebrowText"):l))?o:n.hooks.helperMissing)?o.call(null!=l?l:n.nullContext||{},{name:"eyebrowText",hash:{},data:t,loc:{start:{line:28,column:63},end:{line:28,column:78}}}):o)+" \n '+(null!=(o=c(e,"if").call(r,null!=l?c(l,"cta2PreText"):l,{name:"if",hash:{},fn:n.program(32,t,0),inverse:n.noop,data:t,loc:{start:{line:63,column:20},end:{line:63,column:61}}}))?o:"")+"\n"+(null!=(o=(c(e,"ifAll")||l&&c(l,"ifAll")||n.hooks.helperMissing).call(r,null!=l?c(l,"cta2Text"):l,null!=l?c(l,"cta2Link"):l,{name:"ifAll",hash:{},fn:n.program(34,t,0),inverse:n.noop,data:t,loc:{start:{line:64,column:20},end:{line:70,column:30}}}))?o:"")+" Iowa (KMTV) — On April 26 the tornado that tore through Minden in Pottawattamie County also cut a path through Shelby County to the north causing tens of millions of dollars in damage DRONE VIDEO COURTESY OF SHELBY COUNTY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: That’s what Shelby County officials want folks to know about the debris field from the tornado running through their community I’m your Southwest Iowa neighborhood reporter Katrina Markel just getting a look at some of the damage done to farms County Supervisor Steve Kenkel doesn’t want his community to be forgotten: “We’re lucky here in our county toured farms hit by the same tornado that struck Minden and then traveled north through the whole county Trevor Langenfeld and wife Dianne said they’ve had at least $3.5 million worth of damage on their farm and we’ve got two of ‘em that haven’t even left yet Neighbors Dave and Nancy Boettger say the big thing they need right now — electricity “The cleaners can’t clean until we have power,” said Nancy Boettger their dream house just down the road from son Trevor — a total loss George Langenfeld found a silver lining in the devastation Neighbors still help neighbors,” said the senior Langenfeld Lots of cleanup is needed and volunteers wishing to help with that process can contact the county coordinator to find out where that help is needed a group of students from Harlan High School will be making their way out here to help clean up SOUTHERN ILLINOIS - Grand Rivers Community Bank announced the appointment of Forrest Langenfeld to the position of President where he will also serve on its board of directors "We're glad to add high quality management and leadership experience to our team This will position the bank for a growth trajectory in the near future," said Brent Clark Langenfeld has over 30 years of experience in the banking industry including time as the President of Mercantile Bank of Centralia and as Chief Executive Officer for Peoples National Bank of Mt "Forrest's distinguished career within the banking industry has a proven track record of success and accomplishments which together with his strong ethical and moral business values has enabled him to become a strategic industry leader throughout the Southern Illinois and St His addition to our team is exactly what Grand Rivers needs as it re-establishes itself as a leader in Southern Illinois community banking," said Whitney Stringer "I look forward to working with the ownership management and staff of the bank in building a successful organization that will provide a wide range of financial services to the residents and businesses of southern Illinois," said Langenfeld Langenfeld resides in Centralia with his wife Julie and is active throughout the Midwest in public and large-scale commercial finance Maggie Langenfeld ’21 attended two community colleges before she transferred to Central “If you’re not completely happy somewhere else you shouldn’t be nervous or afraid to transfer,” she says Langenfeld never liked going to school until she transferred to Central after visiting a friend on campus “It’s the people and the environment that’s make-or-break,” she says “Once you find people you enjoy being around Transferring was a breeze, she says. She filled out the application online and visited campus, where she found she was qualified for two scholarships that helped make Central affordable She noticed both students and professors are more engaged at Central than she’d experienced elsewhere “Professors care about getting to know students They really want you to come into their office and talk,” she says “My dad has noticed a huge difference in my attitude toward and enjoyment of school since I’ve come to Central “I transferred to Central because the people here are all very welcoming and caring It’s hard to put into words how grateful I am for this school and the people I’ve met along the way It’s somewhere you can feel comfortable being yourself,” she says It’s also been somewhere Langenfeld feels comfortable trying new things — such as a glassblowing class, with Professor of Art Brian Roberts something she wouldn’t have considered taking a class in before With the encouragement of Associate Professor of Communication Studies Shelley Bradfield she’s pushed the limits of her comfort zone go-for-what-you-want professor,” Langenfeld says “When I signed up to study abroad in Mérida I initially wasn’t going to stay with a host family because I was worried my Spanish wasn’t good enough She convinced me to do a home stay because she knew it would be the right fit for me — and it was It’s nice when a prof tells you that they believe in you and encourage you to do new things.” Langenfeld says it’s also nice to know that you don’t have to pick your perfect educational environment the first time around — and transferring can open up a whole new world of opportunity Read More Student Profiles Request Info This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Privacy Policy GREEN BAY - Green Bay School District's superintendent plans to retire at the end of the 2019-20 school year.  Michelle Langenfeld announced her plan to retire Thursday morning on social media Langenfeld was hired by the district in 2011 and replaced Greg Maass she served as associate superintendent of the Anoka-Hennepin School District in Anoka Langenfeld said she chose to make the announcement now because she does not plan to accept a contract extension.  Her husband's upcoming retirement and her desire to spend more time with family are playing a role in her decision to retire.  “I think there are many things I am looking forward to One of them is spending more time with family and spending more time with friends,” Langenfeld said.  RELATED: Green Bay schools superintendent receives one-year contract extension RELATED: State report cards: Green Bay schools meet state's expectations on yearly report card She said she is proud of a number of achievements during her tenure including installing Wi-Fi for students and staff throughout the district and expanding learning opportunities for students to prepare them for life after high school.  Expanded opportunities include West High School programs Bay Link Manufacturing and Bridges Construction and Renovation City Stadium Automotive at East High School and K-12 fine arts programs throughout the district.  “There is much to be said about the opportunities that we have afforded our students in the work that we have done together,” Langenfeld said.   Langenfeld has been "incredibly dedicated" to the staff and students during her tenure School Board president Brenda Warren said.  “I think she deserves that retirement She’s certainly given us 110 percent of herself for the last 7½ years,” Warren said.  The board has not discussed its plan for a superintendent search Langenfeld plans to stay involved with the community after her retirement but is unsure what form that involvement will take.  “I am one of those people who likes to be very engaged and very involved,” Langenfeld said.  2017 at home surrounded by his loving family IA a son of Christ and Eleanor Casper Langenfeld The family moved back to the Fond du Lac area where Gerald attended St Joseph’s Catholic Grade School and graduated from Fond du Lac (Goodrich) High School Gerald served in the US Navy from 1943-1945 He served on the Town of Eldorado Board as Assessor and later as Town Chairman Gerald served on the Rosendale Mutual Insurance Board of Directors Richard (Cheryl) Langenfeld all of Eldorado and Mary (Vance) Henning of Brandon; twelve grandchildren Timothy (Nicole) Langenfeld all of Eldorado and Joshua (Becca) Langenfeld of Waukesha; twenty six great-grandchildren; brothers Donald (Lois) Sabel and Gordan (Inez) Sabel; sisters-in-law John Markert Sr.; mother and father-in-law Ruby Marcoe and Gertrude Sharatt; sister-in-law Roger Sharatt and Tom Cody; and brothers and sisters-in-laws on his wife’s side The Christian Burial was held at the Shrine of Rest Mausoleum in Fond du Lac on August 14 A special thank you to Oshkosh Aurora Hospice Jessica and Stephanie for the wonderful care given to our father and to the family Lombardi Hires Megan Langenfeld to Complete Coaching Staff08/22/18 | Softball Editor’s Note: They are leaders. They are inspirational. They are mentors. They are visionaries. They are, quite frankly, badasses. They are our 2020 Reel Women During Women’s History Month you will be able to meet these incredible personalities in Advertising Mary started as the receptionist at STORY in April of 1994  After about six months she started going out on shoots as a video assist operator She was promoted to business manager after about a year and did that for a few years When the staff production manager left Mary moved into that role She stopped doing video assist and started being the production manager Mary then became STORY’s Head of Production and has been doing that ever since What did you originally want to be when you grow up?When I was five I wanted to be a go-go dancer When I was in high school I decided I wanted to be a psychiatrist I worked full time and went to school part time and after getting my bachelor’s in psychology I needed a break from working and going to school I thought I would go back and get my master’s After working for a couple of years and not loving any of my jobs so I sent my resume out to a bunch of film companies and got an interview at STORY How did you get into the film industry?I gave myself a deadline and said if I did not have a job by May and he said that furthering your education is always a good option but you could also learn a lot by being on set He offered me a job as the receptionist at STORY in April of 1994 and I accepted He knew I was interested in being on set and asked if I wanted to do video assist.  Of course I jumped at that chance and did that for a few years and then moved onto the production side and have been doing it ever since.  Who were your mentors?Mark Androw and Cliff Grant are great mentors and I have learned a great deal from both of them I have also had the opportunity to work with so many great producers through the years like Marsie Wallach I learned by watching them produce and interact with clients What is your greatest achievement?I can’t think of any one achievement but I have been very fortunate to work with a great group of freelancers over the past 25 years The projects that we work on are always a team effort Some of my favorite jobs have been the ones in which there is no budget and people come together to work for a good cause.  We shot a Frosted Flakes job in which we helped get new equipment and fields for youth sports programs There was another for The Center for Independence Through Conductive Education that we shot for their website They help children of all ages with disabilities learn how to live independently,  What is your biggest disappointment?My biggest disappointment is how the budgets keep getting smaller but the pre-pro books keep getting thicker What are your biggest pet peeves? People cannot live without their smart phones I actually really hate the term smart phone Does it actually have a brain and is it smart Everywhere you go people are so focused on their phones that they don’t pay attention to real people and what is going on around them On the train everyone is staring at their phones I mean can’t you just relax and chill out for 30 minutes?  What are your predictions for the film industry over the next decade?Every aspect of production will be done on a smart phone Name a job you had that would surprise people.I worked as a sales assistant for an insurance broker I guess I was not that good at making cold calls Who plays you in your life story?My husband would say Jennifer Connelly (but I think the only similarity is our eyebrows.) What do you wish you had more time to do?Sleep I wish I could get eight hours of sleep every night Do you talk to yourself?Of course!  Doesn’t everyone What inspires you to be creative?I don’t have an artistic or musical bone in my body